Kể chuyện danh nhân Việt Nam tập 3 - Danh nhân khoa học Việt Nam

["B\u1ed8 S\u00c1CH K\u1ec2 CHUY\u1ec6N DANH NH\u00c2N VI\u1ec6T NAM th\u00ec s\u00e2u s\u1eafc r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i, m\u00e0 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec3n c\u1ed1 th\u00ec \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. C\u00e1i s\u1edf tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t h\u01a1n c\u1ea3, n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng \u1edf tr\u00ean \u0111\u1eddi\u201d. R\u1ed3i 165 n\u0103m sau, gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Nguy\u1ec5n L\u1ed9c - ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f9ng th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi ch\u00fang ta nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t: \u201cL\u00ea Qu\u00fd \u0110\u00f4n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 b\u00e1c h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c uy\u00ean b\u00e1c v\u00e0 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i \u00f4ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e2u t\u00f3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ecdi m\u1eb7t tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i l\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd. C\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng nh\u01b0 \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t th\u00f4ng s\u1eed, Ph\u1ee7 bi\u00ean t\u1ea1p l\u1ee5c, Ki\u1ebfn v\u0103n ti\u1ec3u l\u1ee5c, B\u1eafc s\u1ee9 th\u00f4ng l\u1ee5c v.v... ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi \u00f4ng l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 s\u1eed h\u1ecdc. C\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m, nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng k\u00e9m gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng nh\u01b0 Kinh th\u01b0 di\u1ec5n ngh\u0129a, D\u1ecbch kinh phu thuy\u1ebft, Xu\u00e2n Thu l\u01b0\u1ee3c lu\u1eadn, Qu\u00e2n th\u01b0 kh\u1ea3o bi\u1ec7n v.v...\u2026 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi L\u00ea Qu\u00fd \u0110\u00f4n l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc. C\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh bi\u00ean so\u1ea1n r\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng phu c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng nh\u01b0 To\u00e0n Vi\u1ec7t thi l\u1ee5c, Ho\u00e0ng Vi\u1ec7t v\u0103n h\u1ea3i, Qu\u1ebf \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng thi t\u1eadp, Qu\u1ebf \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng v\u0103n t\u1eadp v.v... ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi L\u00ea Qu\u00fd \u0110\u00f4n l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u0103n h\u1ecdc. V\u00e0 c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng tri th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh trong c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00e1c kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 trong b\u1ed9 V\u00e2n \u0111\u00e0i lo\u1ea1i ng\u1eef, c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi \u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec1u danh hi\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa nh\u01b0 nh\u00e0 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb h\u1ecdc, nh\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf h\u1ecdc, nh\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i h\u1ecdc, nh\u00e0 n\u00f4ng h\u1ecdc, nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd h\u1ecdc, nh\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef h\u1ecdc v.v... (T\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n v\u0103n h\u1ecdc \u2013 NXB Khoa h\u1ecdc x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i 1984, t\u1eadp I, tr.386). S\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng c\u00f3 tr\u00ean 40 b\u1ed9 bao g\u1ed3m h\u1eb1ng tr\u0103m quy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i cho \u0111\u1eddi sau, nh\u01b0ng qua binh l\u1eeda, chi\u1ebfn tranh, lo\u1ea1n l\u1ea1c nay c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda. H\u1ecdc tr\u00f2 \u00f4ng l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 B\u00f9i Huy B\u00edch nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t v\u1ec1 th\u1ea7y m\u00ecnh: \u201cTh\u00f4ng minh nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eddi, h\u1ecdc r\u1ed9ng c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch, so\u1ea1n ra v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ee7 d\u1ea1y \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0 l\u01b0u truy\u1ec1n v\u1ec1 sau, n\u01b0\u1edbc ta trong v\u00e0i tr\u0103m n\u0103m nay m\u1edbi c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 th\u1ea7y\u201d. \u0110\u1eddi sau, nh\u00e0 gi\u00e1o D\u01b0\u01a1ng Qu\u1ea3ng H\u00e0m \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1: \u201cTuy t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t \u0111i nhi\u1ec1u, nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng b\u1ed9 c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kho t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 ta kh\u1ea3o c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, \u0111\u1ecba d\u01b0 v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a n\u01b0\u1edbc ta\u201d. R\u00f5 r\u00e0ng L\u00ea Qu\u00fd \u0110\u00f4n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t thi\u00ean t\u00e0i, nh\u01b0ng \u1edf \u00f4ng, ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y 99 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 m\u1ed3 h\u00f4i v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1eadt l\u1ef1c. Mi\u1ec7t m\u00e0i, c\u1ea7n c\u00f9 h\u1ecdc, \u0111\u1ecdc v\u00e0 ghi ch\u00e9p. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, v\u1edbi b\u1ed9 V\u00e2n \u0111\u00e0i lo\u1ea1i ng\u1eef \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00edch d\u1eabn c\u1ea3 th\u1ea9y 557 cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch! Ho\u1eb7c khi bi\u00ean so\u1ea1n \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t th\u00f4ng s\u1eed, \u00f4ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u2013 k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c th\u1ea7n 50","T\u1eacP 3: DANH NH\u00c2N KHOA H\u1eccC VI\u1ec6T NAM ph\u1ea3, c\u00e1c bi k\u00fd do \u0111\u00f3 n\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u m\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 s\u1eed kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3. B\u1ed9 s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y g\u1ed3m 30 quy\u1ec3n, ch\u00e9p ti\u1ec3u s\u1eed, c\u00f4ng t\u00edch, nghi l\u1ec5\u2026 c\u1ee7a 11 \u0111\u1eddi vua t\u1eeb L\u00ea Th\u00e1i T\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ebfn L\u00ea Nghi D\u00e2n - trong th\u1eddi gian tr\u00ean 100 n\u0103m! Ho\u1eb7c khi bi\u00ean so\u1ea1n To\u00e0n Vi\u1ec7t thi l\u1ee5c, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 s\u01b0u t\u1ea7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 2.391 b\u00e0i th\u01a1 c\u1ee7a 175 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 t\u1eeb \u0111\u1eddi L\u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1eddi vua L\u00ea T\u01b0\u01a1ng D\u1ef1c! C\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y, \u00f4ng ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 ghi ch\u00e9p c\u1ea9n tr\u1ecdng. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi v\u00e0 ghi ch\u00e9p. N\u0103m 1776 khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c M\u1ed9t trong t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m V\u00e2n \u0110\u00e0i lo\u1ea1i ng\u1eef c\u1eed l\u00e0m ch\u1ee9c Hi\u1ec7p tr\u1ea5n Thu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a L\u00ea Qu\u00fd \u0110\u00f4n H\u00f3a, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft tay v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u phong t\u1ee5c, v\u1eadt s\u1ea3n, di t\u00edch\u2026 c\u1ee7a x\u1ee9 \u0110\u00e0ng Trong n\u00e0y. Khi c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn than phi\u1ec1n v\u1edbi \u00f4ng l\u00e0 quan l\u1ea1i trong l\u00e0ng x\u00e3 b\u1eaft ph\u1ea3i n\u1ed9p thu\u1ebf s\u01a1n d\u1ea7u. Ch\u01b0a hi\u1ec3u s\u01a1n d\u1ea7u l\u00e0 g\u00ec, \u00f4ng li\u1ec1n m\u1eddi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0o dinh \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u c\u1eb7n k\u1ebd, hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2u \u00f4ng ghi ch\u00e9p \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00f3. Sau \u0111\u00f3 \u00f4ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eadn n\u01a1i quan s\u00e1t \u0111\u1eb7c s\u1ea3n n\u00e0y. Nh\u1edd c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf ch\u1ec9 trong v\u00f2ng s\u00e1u th\u00e1ng \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh b\u1ed9 s\u00e1ch Ph\u1ee7 bi\u00ean t\u1ea1p l\u1ee5c - m\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 Ng\u00f4 Th\u00ec S\u0129 \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t: \u201cS\u00e1ch n\u00e0y ch\u00e9p v\u1ec1 hai x\u1ee9 Thu\u1eadn H\u00f3a, Qu\u1ea3ng Nam, ghi r\u00f5 n\u00fai s\u00f4ng, th\u00e0nh \u1ea5p, ng\u1ea1ch l\u00ednh, thu\u1ebf m\u00e1, nh\u00e2n t\u00e0i, s\u1ea3n v\u1eadt c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eddi ch\u00faa Nguy\u1ec5n v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1eb9p, \u0111\u00f3ng qu\u00e2n r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng ng\u00f3n tay tr\u00ean b\u00e0n tay\u2026\u201d. Ng\u00e0y nay, \u0111\u1ecdc l\u1ea1i t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, trong ph\u1ea7n T\u1ef1a, ch\u00fang ta c\u00e0ng hi\u1ec3u t\u1ea5m l\u00f2ng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng khi lao v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c n\u1eb7ng nh\u1ecdc n\u00e0y. Khi vi\u1ebft L\u00ea tri\u1ec1u th\u00f4ng s\u1eed \u00f4ng ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng: \u201cPh\u00e9p l\u00e0m s\u1eed l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ee7 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecf s\u00f3t, \u0111\u1ec3 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta sau khi m\u1edf s\u00e1ch ra xem, 51","B\u1ed8 S\u00c1CH K\u1ec2 CHUY\u1ec6N DANH NH\u00c2N VI\u1ec6T NAM r\u00f5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c manh m\u1ed1i, bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111u\u00f4i, tuy kh\u00f4ng t\u1eadn m\u1eaft th\u1ea5y tai nghe, m\u00e0 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng nh\u01b0 ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea5y\u201d. Do \u0111\u00f3, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i x\u1eed l\u00fd m\u1ed9t kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed3 s\u1ed9. D\u00f9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi ca ng\u1ee3i kh\u00f4ng ti\u1ebfc l\u1eddi, nh\u01b0ng l\u00fac n\u00e0o \u00f4ng c\u0169ng khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi, trong l\u1eddi t\u1ef1a D\u1ecbch kinh phu truy\u1ec7n, \u00f4ng vi\u1ebft: \u201cT\u00f4i ngu h\u00e8n h\u1ecdc k\u00e9m, k\u00ednh \u0111\u1ecdc l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a th\u00e1nh nh\u00e2n, nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u truy\u1ec7n ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd Tr\u00ecnh h\u1ecd Chu, x\u00e9t th\u00eam nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi ch\u00fa th\u00edch c\u1ee7a ti\u00ean nho, c\u00f3 khi x\u00fac \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u00e0 ph\u00e1t minh ra, n\u00f3i th\u00eam m\u1ea5y l\u1eddi, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 5 quy\u1ec3n ch\u1ec9 c\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eeda l\u1ea5y t\u1ea5m th\u00e2n cho \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00edt l\u1ed7i l\u1ea7m, c\u00f2n nh\u01b0 \u0111em thi th\u1ed1 ra s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p th\u00ec \u0111\u00e2u d\u00e1m n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn\u201d. Ho\u1eb7c trong l\u1eddi t\u1ef1a c\u1ee7a Th\u01b0 kinh di\u1ec5n ngh\u0129a, \u00f4ng cho bi\u1ebft: \u201cT\u00f4i th\u1eadt ngu l\u1eadu, nghi\u1ec1n ng\u1eabm l\u00e2u n\u0103m, hi\u1ec3u qua ngh\u0129a l\u1edbn, m\u1ed7i khi \u0111\u1ecdc th\u1ea5y \u00fd v\u1ecb d\u1ea1t d\u00e0o, l\u00fd th\u00fa v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng, ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0o x\u00fac \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u00e0 ph\u00e1t minh th\u00ec t\u00f9y b\u00fat ch\u00e9p ra, tr\u01b0ng d\u1eabn c\u00e1c truy\u1ec7n k\u00fd, b\u00e0n b\u1ea1c vi\u1ec7c x\u01b0a nay, \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m \u1ea9n ch\u1ee9ng cho s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a th\u00e1nh nh\u00e2n\u201d. V\u1eady \u0111\u00f3, \u00f4ng vi\u1ebft s\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2u ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec3 l\u01b0u h\u00e0nh, \u0111\u1ec3 n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng m\u00e0 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 r\u0103n m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi th\u00eam. Quan ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e1ng qu\u00fd bi\u1ebft ch\u1eebng n\u00e0o. V\u00e0 c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh v\u00ec quan ni\u1ec7m r\u1ea1ch r\u00f2i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00ean s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng bi\u00ean so\u1ea1n chu \u0111\u00e1o, \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 t\u1eebng chi ti\u1ebft, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng qua loa, \u0111\u1ea1i kh\u00e1i\u2026 T\u01b0\u01a1ng truy\u1ec1n ng\u00e0y n\u1ecd c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1ch l\u1ea1 t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ebfn \u00f4ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a t\u1edd gi\u1ea5y, ch\u1ec9 ghi v\u1ecfn v\u1eb9n ba c\u00e2u: \u201cTr\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e0m khuy\u1ebfn t\u1eedu chi ca. Ph\u1ee5 m\u1ec5 d\u1ea7u h\u00e0 chi th\u00e1n. K\u1ef3 t\u00edch h\u00e0 nh\u01b0?\u201d, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0: Kh\u00fac h\u00e1t m\u1eddi r\u01b0\u1ee3u trong thuy\u1ec1n. L\u1eddi than l\u1ed9i s\u00f4ng g\u00e1nh g\u1ea1o. T\u00edch \u1ea5y nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?\u201d. \u0110\u1ecdc xong, ngh\u0129 m\u00e3i kh\u00f4ng ra \u00f4ng b\u00e8n h\u1eb9n ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y ba ng\u00e0y sau quay l\u1ea1i. Sau hai ng\u00e0y tra c\u1ee9u c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ra \u0111i\u1ec3n t\u00edch c\u1ea3 hai c\u00e2u n\u00e0y, ng\u00e0y th\u1ee9 ba \u00f4ng x\u1ebfp s\u00e1ch v\u1edf b\u01b0\u1edbc ra kh\u1ecfi nh\u00e0, \u00f4ng lang thang tr\u00ean b\u1edd s\u00f4ng Nh\u1ecb. L\u00f2ng nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng khi \u0111\u00f3n gi\u00f3 th\u1ed5i v\u1ec1 l\u1ed3ng l\u1ed9ng, l\u1ea1i th\u1ea5y c\u00e1nh bu\u1ed3m \u0111ang xu\u00f4i gi\u00f3, b\u1ea5t ch\u1ee3t \u00f4ng nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e2u trong th\u00f4n d\u00e3: Thu\u1eadn bu\u1ed3m xu\u00f4i gi\u00f3 Ch\u00e9n ch\u00fa ch\u00e9n anh N\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00e8o quanh M\u00e0y tao ng\u01b0\u01a1i t\u1edb 52","T\u1eacP 3: DANH NH\u00c2N KHOA H\u1eccC VI\u1ec6T NAM \u00d4ng b\u1ea5t gi\u00e1c c\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn, s\u1ea3ng kho\u00e1i v\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm ra t\u00edch \u201cTr\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e0m khuy\u1ebfn t\u1eedu chi ca\u201d. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, \u00f4ng cho r\u1eb1ng t\u00edch \u201cPh\u1ee5 m\u1ec5 d\u1ea7u h\u00e0 chi th\u00e1n\u201d nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u0169ng \u1edf trong l\u1eddi \u0103n ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i trong d\u00e2n gian. Qu\u1ea3 th\u1eadt, chi\u1ec1u h\u00f4m \u0111\u00f3, khi quay v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0, \u00f4ng nghe ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0ng x\u00f3m c\u1ea5t l\u00ean ti\u1ebfng ru con: Con c\u00f2n l\u1eb7n l\u1ed9i b\u1edd s\u00f4ng G\u00e1nh g\u1ea1o nu\u00f4i ch\u1ed3ng ti\u1ebfng kh\u00f3c n\u1ec9 non... \u00d4ng m\u1eebng kh\u00f4n xi\u1ebft. \u0110\u00fang ng\u00e0y kh\u00e1ch quay v\u1ec1, \u00f4ng vi\u1ebft ra gi\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0a kh\u00e1ch: \u201cThu\u1eadn bu\u1ed3m xu\u00f4i gi\u00f3 Ch\u00e9n ch\u00fa ch\u00e9n anh N\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00e8o quanh M\u00e0y tao ng\u01b0\u01a1i t\u1edb\u201d Ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng t\u00edch n\u1ecd C\u00f3 \u0111\u00fang hay kh\u00f4ng? \u201cC\u00e1i c\u00f2 l\u1eb7n l\u1ed9i b\u1edd s\u00f4ng G\u00e1nh g\u1ea1o nu\u00f4i ch\u1ed3ng ti\u1ebfng kh\u00f3c n\u1ec9 non\u201d L\u1eddi than l\u00f2ng d\u1ea1 h\u00e9o hon Ra ngo\u00e0i ch\u1eef ngh\u0129a d\u1ea5u son th\u00e1nh hi\u1ec1n R\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 h\u1ecdc trong s\u00e1ch, kh\u1ea3o c\u1ee9u trong s\u00e1ch m\u00e0 L\u00ea Qu\u00fd \u0110\u00f4n c\u00f2n c\u00f3 \u00fd th\u1ee9c \u201ckh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec1n d\u00e3\u201d, \u0111i th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 ghi ch\u00e9p t\u00fai kh\u00f4n trong trong nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n nh\u1eb1m b\u1ed5 sung ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c. S\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a L\u00ea Qu\u00fd \u0110\u00f4n bi\u00ean so\u1ea1n, tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00e1c gi\u00fap \u00edch cho mu\u00f4n \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e0nh, nh\u01b0ng trong \u0111\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng \u00f4ng c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng t\u1eeb nan m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec7c g\u00ec n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i cho \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc. T\u01b0\u01a1ng truy\u1ec1n c\u00f3 l\u1ea7n s\u1ee9 Trung Qu\u1ed1c g\u1eedi th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p sang n\u01b0\u1edbc ta v\u1ecfn v\u1eb9n ch\u1ec9\u2026 m\u1ed9t ch\u1eef! Kh\u00f4ng ai hi\u1ec3u h\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec c\u1ea3. Tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3i m\u1eddi L\u00ea Qu\u00fd \u0110\u00f4n v\u00e0o. \u0110\u1ecdc xong ch\u1eef \u1ea5y, \u00f4ng t\u00e2u vua g\u1eedi cho h\u1ecd m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m \u201c\u00e1o c\u1ea7u\u201d (\u00e1o l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng da sang tr\u1ecdng). Kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t ai trong tri\u1ec1u hi\u1ec3u t\u1ea1i sao ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn tu\u00e2n theo h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng. Qu\u1ea3 nhi\u00ean khi nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1o, s\u1ee9 nh\u00e0 Thanh \u0111\u1ebfn ngay. Vua li\u1ec1n c\u1eed \u00f4ng ra ti\u1ebfp. \u00d4ng vi\u1ebft b\u1ed1n ch\u1eef: 53","B\u1ed8 S\u00c1CH K\u1ec2 CHUY\u1ec6N DANH NH\u00c2N VI\u1ec6T NAM - Phi xa b\u1ea5t \u0111\u00f4ng Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0: Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1eef xa (xe) c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1eef \u0111\u00f4ng (ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng). S\u1ee9 nh\u00e0 Thanh \u0111\u1ecdc xong b\u1ed1n ch\u1eef \u1ea5y v\u1ed9i v\u00e0ng tr\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i \u00e1o r\u1ed3i v\u00e1i b\u1ed1n v\u00e1i. \u0110\u1ebfn l\u00fac n\u00e0y, m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi v\u1ee1 l\u1ebd ra r\u1eb1ng, s\u1ee9 nh\u00e0 Thanh vi\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1eef xa, c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng gi\u1ed1ng ch\u1eef \u0111\u00f4ng l\u00e0 l\u1ea5y t\u00edch trong c\u00e2u th\u01a1 Mao Kh\u00e2u: H\u1ed3 c\u1eebu mung lung, phi xa b\u1ea5t \u0111\u00f4ng, th\u00fac h\u1ec1 b\u00e1 h\u1ec1, th\u1ef1c b\u1ea5t d\u1eef \u0111\u00f4ng. T\u1ea5m bi\u1ec3n \u201cV\u0103n hi\u1ebfn gia truy\u1ec1n\u201d t\u1ea1i t\u1eeb Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0: \u00c1o r\u00e1ch t\u1ee9 tung, \u0111\u00e1nh xe \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f2ng h\u1ecd L\u00ea Qu\u00fd \u0110\u00f4n do vua qua \u0111\u00f4ng, anh em ch\u1eb3ng t\u1edbi, m\u00e0 gi\u00fap nhau c\u00f9ng. L\u00ea ban t\u1eb7ng H\u00f3a ra, s\u1ee9 T\u00e0u mu\u1ed1n ng\u1ee5 \u00fd h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u00e1o \u0111\u1ea1i l\u1ec5, n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng d\u00e1m \u0111\u1ebfn. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 n\u1ed9i dung b\u1ee9c th\u01b0 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t ngo\u1ea1i giao, th\u1ebf m\u00e0 L\u00ea Qu\u00fd \u0110\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. C\u1ea3 tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh th\u1edf ph\u00e0o nh\u1eb9 nh\u00f5m m\u00e0 s\u1ee9 nh\u00e0 Thanh ph\u1ea3i kh\u00e2m ph\u1ee5c n\u01b0\u1edbc Nam ta c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00e0i gi\u1ecfi. Nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9 gi\u1ecfi th\u1ebf n\u00e0o th\u00ec v\u1eabn c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. \u0110\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc s\u00e2u s\u1eafc m\u00e0 L\u00ea Qu\u00fd \u0110\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb th\u1eddi tu\u1ed5i tr\u1ebb. T\u01b0\u01a1ng truy\u1ec1n, sau khi m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed7 B\u1ea3ng nh\u00e3n, \u00f4ng cho treo ngo\u00e0i c\u1eeda t\u1ea5m b\u1ea3ng: \u201cThi\u00ean h\u1ea1 nghi nh\u1ea5t t\u1ef1 v\u1ea5n lai\u201d (Ai c\u00f3 ch\u1eef g\u00ec nghi ng\u1edd c\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y m\u00e0 h\u1ecfi). B\u1ea5y gi\u1edd cha c\u1ee7a L\u00ea Qu\u00fd \u0110\u00f4n v\u1eeba m\u1ea5t, trong nh\u00e0 r\u1ed9n r\u1ecbp s\u1eeda so\u1ea1n tang l\u1ec5, b\u1ed7ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u00f4ng gi\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng g\u1eady v\u00e0o vi\u1ebfng. Th\u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i kh\u00e1ch quen \u00f4ng b\u00e8n h\u1ecfi lai l\u1ecbch. \u00d4ng l\u00e3o \u0111\u00e1p: - Ch\u00e1u c\u00f2n nh\u1ecf kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft, l\u00e3o l\u00e0 b\u1ea1n h\u1ecdc v\u1edbi cha ch\u00e1u, nh\u00e0 ngh\u00e8o \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng xa n\u00ean \u00edt \u0111i l\u1ea1i. H\u00f4m nay nghe tin c\u1ee5 nh\u00e0 m\u1ea5t n\u00ean m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f3 c\u00e2u \u0111\u1ed1i vi\u1ebfng. Ch\u00e1u \u0111em gi\u1ea5y b\u00fat ra \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e3o \u0111\u1ecdc cho ch\u00e1u vi\u1ebft. 54","T\u1eacP 3: DANH NH\u00c2N KHOA H\u1eccC VI\u1ec6T NAM L\u00ea Qu\u00fd \u0110\u00f4n v\u00e2ng l\u1eddi, c\u1ea7m b\u00fat \u0111\u1ee3i. \u00d4ng l\u00e3o \u0111\u1ecdc: - Chi\u2026 L\u00ea Qu\u00fd \u0110\u00f4n kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 ch\u1eef chi n\u00e0o n\u00ean d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ee3i: chi l\u00e0 chung, l\u00e0 bi\u1ebft, l\u00e0 c\u00e0nh\u2026 c\u1ea3 ch\u1ee5c ch\u1eef chi v\u1edbi ngh\u0129a kh\u00e1c nhau, n\u00ean \u00f4ng ng\u1eadp ng\u1eebng ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ecdc ti\u1ebfp ch\u1eef sau \u0111\u1ec3 vi\u1ebft. \u00d4ng l\u00e3o th\u1ea5y th\u1ebf li\u1ec1n gi\u1ee5c: - Chi\u2026 L\u00ea Qu\u00fd \u0110\u00f4n l\u1ec5 ph\u00e9p th\u01b0a: - B\u1ea9m c\u1ee5, ch\u1eef chi n\u00e0o \u1ea1? \u00d4ng l\u00e3o th\u1edf d\u00e0i: - Tr\u1eddi \u01a1i! Ch\u00e1u \u0111\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ebfn B\u1ea3ng nh\u00e3n m\u00e0 ch\u1eef chi kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft vi\u1ebft! Th\u1ebf ch\u00e1u treo ngo\u00e0i c\u1eeda t\u1ea5m b\u1ea3ng kia \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m g\u00ec? Nghe \u00f4ng l\u00e3o n\u00f3i, L\u00ea Qu\u00fd \u0110\u00f4n x\u00e1m m\u1eb7t. \u00d4ng l\u00e3o \u0111\u1ecdc lu\u00f4n hai v\u1ebf c\u00e2u \u0111\u1ed1i: Ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 t\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f2ng h\u1ecd L\u00ea Qu\u00fd \u0110\u00f4n t\u1ea1i Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh (ch\u1ee5p n\u0103m 1979) 55","B\u1ed8 S\u00c1CH K\u1ec2 CHUY\u1ec6N DANH NH\u00c2N VI\u1ec6T NAM Chi chi tam th\u1eadp ni\u00ean d\u01b0, x\u00edch huy\u1ec7n h\u1ed3ng ch\u00e2u kim th\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ea1i; T\u1ea1i t\u1ea1i s\u1ed5 thi\u00ean l\u00fd ngo\u1ea1i, \u0111\u00e0o hoa l\u01b0u th\u1ee7y t\u1eed h\u00e0 chi. (Th\u1ea5m tho\u1eaft h\u01a1n ba ch\u1ee5c n\u0103m, x\u00edch huy\u1ec7n, h\u1ed3ng ch\u00e2u nay v\u1eabn \u0111\u00f3. H\u1ee1i \u00f4i xa ngo\u00e0i v\u1ea1n d\u1eb7m, \u0111\u00e0o hoa, n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ea3y, b\u00e1c v\u1ec1 \u0111\u00e2u?). K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 sau L\u00ea Qu\u00fd \u0110\u00f4n cho g\u1ee1 t\u1ea5m b\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e3 treo ngo\u00e0i c\u1ed5ng. V\u00e0 \u00f4ng c\u00e0ng c\u1ed1 t\u00e2m h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi kh\u00f4ng ng\u01b0ng ngh\u1ec9 cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi qua \u0111\u1eddi n\u0103m 1784. Ch\u1eb3ng r\u00f5 giai tho\u1ea1i n\u00e0y h\u01b0 th\u1ef1c ra sao. C\u00f3 l\u1ebd, th\u1ea5y L\u00ea Qu\u00fd \u0110\u00f4n l\u00e0 b\u1eadc uy\u00ean b\u00e1c n\u00ean thi\u00ean h\u1ea1 m\u1edbi \u0111\u1eb7t ra giai tho\u1ea1i n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf r\u1eb1ng, d\u00f9 gi\u1ecfi bao nhi\u00eau, h\u1ecdc bao nhi\u00eau th\u00ec c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng bao gi\u1edd \u0111\u1ee7 c\u1ea3. \u00d4i! S\u1edf h\u1ecdc m\u00eanh m\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft ch\u1eebng n\u00e0o! 56","T\u1eacP 3: DANH NH\u00c2N KHOA H\u1eccC VI\u1ec6T NAM NGUY\u1ec4N H\u1eeeU \u0110\u1ea0O L\u00e0m thu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ee9c cho \u0111\u1eddi G\u1ea7n kinh th\u00e0nh Th\u0103ng Long, d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u00e1i nh\u00e0 tranh \u1edf l\u00e0ng \u0110\u1ed1ng (nay thu\u1ed9c x\u00e3 C\u1ed5 Nhu\u1ebf, huy\u1ec7n T\u1eeb Li\u00eam - H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i), m\u1ed9t th\u01b0 sinh \u0111ang ng\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ecdc s\u00e1ch d\u01b0\u1edbi \u00e1nh tr\u0103ng r\u1eb1m chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng ng\u1eddi. Ch\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ecdc say s\u01b0a nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng nghe ti\u1ebfng tr\u1ed1ng \u1ebfch r\u1ed9n r\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a tr\u1ebb con ngo\u00e0i kia \u0111ang r\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e8n trung thu. L\u00fac tr\u1ebb con k\u00e9o qua tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u00e0 ch\u00e0ng, ch\u00fang reo h\u00f2 \u1ea7m \u0129 \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn ch\u00e0ng b\u1eebng t\u1ec9nh. Ch\u00e0ng s\u1ef1c nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ebfn trung thu n\u0103m x\u01b0a. L\u00fac \u1ea5y, m\u1eb9 ch\u00e0ng \u0111ang b\u1ec7nh. B\u00e0 n\u1eb1m tr\u00ean chi\u1ebfc ch\u00f5ng tre \u1ecdp \u1eb9p, th\u1edf m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00f3 nh\u1ecdc, nh\u01b0ng l\u00fac \u1ea5y ch\u00e0ng v\u1eabn ch\u00fai m\u0169i v\u00e0o trong kinh s\u1eed, quy\u1ebft h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eadt l\u1ea5y b\u1ea3ng v\u00e0ng! Sau khi \u0111\u1eadu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c T\u00fa t\u00e0i, tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 l\u00e0ng th\u00ec m\u1eb9 \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t. Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ho\u1ea1n l\u1ed9 th\u00eanh thang \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edf ra tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft, nh\u01b0ng b\u00e2y gi\u1edd, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u00e0ng th\u1eadt v\u00f4 ngh\u0129a. Ch\u1eef hi\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khi\u1ebfn ch\u00e0ng ray r\u1ee9t m\u00e3i. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng ra l\u00e0m quan m\u00e0 \u1edf nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 ngh\u1ec1 thu\u1ed1c. Ch\u00e0ng ngh\u0129, c\u1ee9u s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ch\u1eefa b\u1ec7nh cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u0169ng l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch b\u00e1o hi\u1ebfu cho m\u1eb9 v\u1eady. Ch\u00e0ng trai h\u1ebft l\u00f2ng v\u00ec \u0111\u1ea1o hi\u1ebfu v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n H\u1eefu \u0110\u1ea1o \u2013 m\u1ed9t danh y n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XVIII. V\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng s\u1eed s\u00e1ch x\u01b0a nay vi\u1ebft r\u1ea5t v\u1eafn t\u1eaft ngay trong quy\u1ec3n G\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ng\u00e0nh d\u01b0\u1ee3c Vi\u1ec7t Nam (NXB Y H\u1ecdc - 1985) c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 vi\u1ebft v\u1ecfn v\u1eb9n \u0111\u00f4i d\u00f2ng: \u201c\u00d4ng ph\u1ee5 tr\u00e1ch y h\u1ecdc hu\u1ea5n khoa d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1eddi L\u00ea Hi\u1ebfn T\u00f4ng (1774) \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft hai t\u1eadp s\u00e1ch M\u1ea1ch h\u1ecdc b\u1eb1ng qu\u1ed1c \u00e2m v\u00e0 Y l\u00fd tinh ng\u00f4n v\u1ec1 l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng b\u1ec7nh h\u1ecdc, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee9ng tr\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed7i lo\u1ea1i b\u1ec7nh k\u00e8m theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng thang kinh tr\u1ecb th\u00edch 57","B\u1ed8 S\u00c1CH K\u1ec2 CHUY\u1ec6N DANH NH\u00c2N VI\u1ec6T NAM \u0111\u00e1ng\u201d (trang 71). V\u00ec v\u1eady, cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, v\u00e0 ngay c\u1ea3 n\u0103m sinh, n\u0103m m\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ai \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u0103n c\u1ee9 trong quy\u1ec3n H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i di t\u00edch v\u00e0 v\u0103n v\u1eadt (S\u1edf VHTT H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i 1994) v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u00ecnh dung ra c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p y h\u1ecdc n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u00e0. N\u0103m th\u00e1ng tr\u00f4i qua. T\u00e0i n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n H\u1eefu \u0110\u1ea1o c\u00e0ng vang xa. Ng\u00e0y n\u1ecd, v\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a T\u1ed5ng tr\u1ea5n S\u01a1n T\u00e2y l\u00e2m b\u1ec7nh n\u1eb7ng m\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y thu\u1ed1c n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng nh\u1ea5t trong v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec1u b\u00f3 tay, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u1ee9u ch\u1eefa n\u1ed5i. Nghe ti\u1ebfng t\u0103m c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, vi\u00ean T\u1ed5ng tr\u1ea5n n\u1ea7y cho v\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn. Kh\u00e1m b\u1ec7nh xong, \u00f4ng b\u1ed1c thu\u1ed1c cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ec7nh. Ch\u1ec9 u\u1ed1ng v\u00e0i thang th\u00ec c\u01a1n b\u1ec7nh \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea9y l\u00f9i nhanh ch\u00f3ng. Vi\u00ean T\u1ed5\u00e2ng tr\u1ea5n vui m\u1eebng kh\u00f4n xi\u1ebft, h\u1eadu t\u1ea1 v\u00e0ng b\u1ea1c h\u1eadu h\u0129nh nh\u01b0ng \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1u l\u1eafc \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i, tr\u01b0\u1edbc sau ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u00e1p: - C\u1ee9u s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00ec t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ee9c. V\u1eady t\u00f4i c\u00f2n nh\u1eadn l\u1ee3i l\u00e0m g\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ee9c m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e9o l\u1ea1i m\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 danh n\u1eefa! \u00d4ng th\u1ea7y thu\u1ed1c Nam (trong \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX c\u1ee7a h\u1ecdc sinh tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1ebd Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh) 58","T\u1eacP 3: DANH NH\u00c2N KHOA H\u1eccC VI\u1ec6T NAM Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c, vi\u00ean T\u1ed5ng tr\u1ea5n \u0111\u00e0nh sai ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0a \u00f4ng v\u1ec1 qu\u00ea v\u00e0 lu\u00f4n ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3 \u01a1n \u00e2n nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. C\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00fac vua L\u00ea Hi\u1ec3n T\u00f4ng (1740- 1786) b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh, vi\u00ean T\u1ed5ng tr\u1ea5n \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn c\u1eed Nguy\u1ec5n H\u1eefu \u0110\u1ea1o. Ch\u1eefa tr\u1ecb cho nh\u00e0 vua l\u00e0nh b\u1ec7nh, \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c phong Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ng\u1ef1 y trong Vi\u1ec7n th\u00e1i y c\u1ee7a tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh. D\u00f9 ng\u1ea5t ng\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u00ean danh v\u1ecdng m\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ham mu\u1ed1n, nh\u01b0ng \u00f4ng v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng cho \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u may. So v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u00f4ng vua kh\u00e1c trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed phong ki\u1ebfn n\u01b0\u1edbc ta th\u00ec L\u00ea Hi\u1ec3n T\u00f4ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ecb v\u00ec l\u00e2u nh\u1ea5t: 47 n\u0103m! \u201cB\u00ed quy\u1ebft\u201d c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb vua n\u00e0y l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00ednh s\u1ef1, m\u1ecdi vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ec1u giao cho nh\u00e0 ch\u00faa - t\u1eeb ch\u00faa Tr\u1ecbnh Doanh \u0111\u1ebfn Tr\u1ecbnh S\u00e2m - quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh. L\u00fac n\u00e0y chi\u1ebfn tranh, lo\u1ea1n x\u1ea3y ra li\u00ean mi\u00ean, \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng d\u00e2n ngh\u00e8o vang r\u1ec1n nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfng than kh\u00f3c. Nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng ch\u01b0a th\u1ea3m b\u1eb1ng th\u00e2n ph\u1eadn nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00ednh. Lao v\u00e0o cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh phi ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c phong ki\u1ebfn, b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh h\u00f2n t\u00ean m\u0169i \u0111\u1ea1n th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3i r\u00e9t, b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ebft h\u1ecd ch\u1ebft d\u1ea7n ch\u1ebft m\u00f2n. Bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, Nguy\u1ec5n H\u1eefu \u0110\u1ea1o xin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 trong qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i. Theo c\u00e1c \u0110\u1ea1o s\u1eafc do vua L\u00ea Hi\u1ec3n T\u00f4ng phong t\u1eb7ng ng\u00e0y 25\/5 n\u0103m C\u1ea3nh H\u01b0ng 43 (1782) m\u00e0 d\u00f2ng h\u1ecd c\u00f2n gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00ec n\u0103m 1774, \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1i \u0111i ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1eb9p hai x\u1ee9 Thu\u1eadn Qu\u1ea3ng (Thu\u1eadn Ho\u00e1 v\u00e0 Qu\u1ea3ng Nam) do t\u01b0\u1edbng Ho\u00e0ng Ng\u0169 Ph\u00fac ch\u1ec9 huy. Ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn trong chuy\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh qu\u00e2n v\u00e0o Nam l\u1ea7n n\u00e0y, Nguy\u1ec5n H\u1eefu \u0110\u1ea1o c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u, nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i thu\u1ed1c Nam m\u00e0 d\u00e2n \u0111\u00e0ng Trong \u0111ang l\u01b0u truy\u1ec1n. Vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m nghi\u00eam t\u00fac n\u00e0y s\u1ebd b\u1ed5 sung, m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng cho th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n v\u00e0 l\u00fd lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 y h\u1ecdc m\u00e0 \u00f4ng \u0111ang quan t\u00e2m. V\u00ec l\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng lao n\u00ean \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u1ee9c Hu\u1ea5n khoa, r\u1ed3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u0103ng T\u01b0\u1edbng s\u0129 th\u1ee9 lang y h\u1ecdc hu\u1ea5n khoa ph\u1ee7 Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Kh\u00e1nh. Theo \u0110\u1ea1o s\u1eafc th\u1ee9 hai \u0111\u1ec1 ng\u00e0y 21\/4\/1786 th\u00ec \u00f4ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t danh y c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng trong vi\u1ec7c tr\u00f4ng nom s\u1ee9c kho\u1ebb cho gia th\u1ea7n, ch\u0103m ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0m thu\u1ed1c \u1edf Th\u00e1i y vi\u1ec7n n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u0103ng ch\u1ee9c Ti\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9 lang Th\u00e1i y vi\u1ec7n l\u01b0\u01a1ng y ch\u00ednh h\u1ea1. Su\u1ed1t n\u0103m th\u00e1ng h\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft s\u00e1ch thu\u1ed1c truy\u1ec1n l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1eddi sau. Khi gi\u00e0, \u00f4ng xin ngh\u1ec9 h\u01b0u t\u1ea1i qu\u00ea, d\u00f9 nh\u00e0 vua mu\u1ed1n \u00f4ng c\u01b0 ng\u1ee5 t\u1ea1i Kinh \u0111\u00f4 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00fac c\u1ea7n l\u00e0 tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ngay. Nh\u01b0ng \u00f4ng v\u1eabn c\u1ed1 xin v\u1ec1 59","B\u1ed8 S\u00c1CH K\u1ec2 CHUY\u1ec6N DANH NH\u00c2N VI\u1ec6T NAM qu\u00ea nh\u00e0, xa l\u00e1nh ch\u1ed1n ph\u1ed3n hoa \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ed3n t\u00e2m l\u1ef1c cu\u1ed1i \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee9u d\u00e2n ngh\u00e8o. Do \u0111\u00f3, n\u00f3i l\u00e0 ngh\u1ec9 h\u01b0u, nh\u01b0ng th\u1eadt ra \u00f4ng v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c h\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1. H\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y, \u00f4ng v\u1eabn \u0111i th\u0103m b\u1ec7nh cho d\u00e2n ch\u00fang nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 th\u00f9 lao n\u00e0o. Ngo\u00e0i ra, \u00f4ng c\u00f2n h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn d\u00e2n trong v\u00f9ng tr\u1ed3ng c\u00e2y thu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 d\u1ea1y cho h\u1ecd bi\u1ebft d\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng lo\u1ea1i c\u00e2y thu\u1ed1c Nam. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, l\u00e1 m\u00f3ng tay \u0111\u1eafp m\u1ee5t nh\u1ecdt m\u1edbi ph\u00e1t, nh\u00e2n h\u1ea1t gai d\u1ea7u ch\u1eefa b\u1ec7nh t\u00e1o b\u00f3n, l\u00e1 c\u00e2y ph\u00e8n \u0111en ch\u1eefa b\u1ec7nh th\u1ed5 D\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 b\u00e0o ch\u1ebf thu\u1ed1c Nam ng\u00e0y x\u01b0a t\u1ea3, ho\u1eb7c r\u1ec5 l\u1ef1u h\u1ea1t cau d\u00f9ng (r\u00fat trong t\u1eadp \u0110\u00f4ng y l\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1ea3o) \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ee5c giun v.v\u2026 Nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ng ng\u00e0y n\u00e0y, tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh v\u1eabn th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111em xe ng\u1ef1a v\u1ec1 \u0111\u00f3n \u00f4ng ra kinh \u0111\u00f4 \u0111\u1ec3 xem m\u1ea1ch, b\u1ed1c thu\u1ed1c cho c\u00e1c ho\u00e0ng h\u1eadu, ho\u00e0ng t\u1eed, c\u00f4ng ch\u00faa trong cung c\u1ea5m. C\u00f3 l\u1ea7n vua Hi\u1ec3n T\u00f4ng \u0111i kinh l\u00fd, c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u0103m \u00f4ng t\u1ea1i qu\u00ea. Th\u1ea5y \u00f4ng t\u1eebng l\u00e0m quan to trong tri\u1ec1u v\u1edbi bao b\u1ed5ng l\u1ed9c, nh\u01b0ng nay v\u1ec1 h\u01b0u l\u1ea1i s\u1ed1ng r\u1ea5t thanh b\u1ea7n n\u00ean nh\u00e0 vua \u00e1i ng\u1ea1i h\u1ecfi: - Khanh l\u00e0m quan m\u00e0 li\u00eam khi\u1ebft nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf th\u00ec con ch\u00e1u s\u1ed1ng th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c? \u00d4ng c\u00fai \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e1p : - T\u00e2u b\u1ec7 h\u1ea1! Th\u1ea7n c\u00f3 ru\u1ed9ng, con ch\u00e1u c\u00e0y c\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ee7 \u0103n. Th\u1ea7n c\u1ea7n t\u00edch nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i cho con ch\u00e1u \u0111\u1eddi sau, ch\u1ee9 n\u00e0o ham gi\u00e0u. Nghe \u00f4ng tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi th\u1eadt th\u00e0 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, nh\u00e0 vua th\u1edf d\u00e0i: - Ta v\u1eabn bi\u1ebft v\u1eady. Nh\u01b0ng khanh s\u1ed1ng thanh b\u1ea1ch nh\u01b0 trong nh\u00e0 ch\u00f9a khi\u1ebfn ta kh\u00f3 ngh\u0129 qua! 60","T\u1eacP 3: DANH NH\u00c2N KHOA H\u1eccC VI\u1ec6T NAM Tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 tri\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 vua sai c\u00f4ng qu\u1ef9 ph\u00e1t 3.000 quan ti\u1ec1n, giao cho m\u1ed9t v\u0103n quan \u0111\u1ebfn xem \u0111\u1ea5t, c\u1eafm h\u01b0\u1edbng nh\u00e0. L\u1ea1i sai m\u1ed9t v\u00f5 quan l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ed1c c\u00f4ng, \u0111em 3 con voi \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1eafp n\u1ec1n nh\u00e0 cho \u00f4ng, h\u1eb9n 100 ng\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i xong. Ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 n\u00e0y l\u00e0m xong, x\u00e2y b\u1eb1ng g\u1ea1ch B\u00e1t Tr\u00e0ng, c\u00f3 36 h\u00e0ng c\u1ed9t g\u1ed7 d\u00e2u \u0111en. Khi \u00f4ng qua \u0111\u1eddi, ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0m n\u01a1i th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng b\u1eadc danh y. Hi\u1ec7n nay, t\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 th\u1edd Nguy\u1ec5n H\u1eefu \u0110\u1ea1o v\u1eabn c\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e2u \u0111\u1ed1i v\u00e0 b\u00e0i th\u01a1 m\u00e0 vua L\u00ea Hi\u1ec3n T\u00f4ng t\u1eb7ng, kh\u1eafc tr\u00ean g\u1ed7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef g\u00ecn c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn. 61","B\u1ed8 S\u00c1CH K\u1ec2 CHUY\u1ec6N DANH NH\u00c2N VI\u1ec6T NAM TR\u1ecaNH \u0110\u00ccNH NGO\u1ea0N Qu\u1ed1c th\u1ee7 danh y U\u1ed1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1edb ngu\u1ed3n. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00fd c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u0103n hi\u1ebfn, d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c ta \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00fd \u1ea5y th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p. Ch\u1ec9 60 n\u0103m sau khi d\u1eddi kinh \u0111\u00f4 ra Th\u0103ng Long, n\u0103m 1070, vua L\u00fd Th\u00e1nh T\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 cho d\u1ef1ng V\u0103n Mi\u1ebfu th\u1edd Chu C\u00f4ng, Kh\u1ed5ng T\u1eed v\u00e0 T\u1ee9 ph\u1ed1i l\u00e0 Nhan T\u1eed, T\u0103ng T\u1eed, T\u1eed T\u01b0, M\u1ea1nh T\u1eed c\u00f9ng t\u1ea1c t\u01b0\u1ee3ng 72 v\u1ecb ti\u1ec1n hi\u1ec1n l\u00e0 h\u1ecdc tr\u00f2 gi\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a Kh\u1ed5ng T\u1eed. R\u1ed3i s\u00e1u n\u0103m sau, vua L\u00fd Nh\u00e2n T\u00f4ng cho x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng Qu\u1ed1c t\u1eed gi\u00e1m. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00edch c\u1ef1c nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ec1 cao tinh th\u1ea7n hi\u1ebfu h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c hi\u1ebfu h\u1ecdc. C\u00f9ng v\u1edbi tinh th\u1ea7n hi\u1ebfu h\u1ecdc, d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c ta \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n y h\u1ecdc l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi t\u1eeb th\u1eddi H\u00f9ng V\u01b0\u01a1ng d\u1ef1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc. Trong bia c\u1ee7a Y mi\u1ebfu n\u01b0\u1edbc ta c\u00f3 ghi r\u00f5: \u201cNguy\u00ean l\u00fac m\u1edbi c\u00f3 lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u01b0a bi\u1ebft thu\u1ed1c thang, th\u1eddi \u1ea5y c\u00f3 Ph\u1ee5c Hy, Th\u1ea7n N\u00f4ng, Ho\u00e0ng \u0110\u1ebf n\u1ed1i nhau l\u00e0m vua lo \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee9u d\u00e2n, nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u s\u00e2u r\u1ed9ng, bi\u00ean ch\u00e9p s\u00e1ch thu\u1ed1c, l\u00e0m ra ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u01b0, di\u1ec5n s\u00e1ch Linh Khu, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thu\u1ed1c men, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1o y m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp. Nh\u1edd c\u00f3 y h\u1ecdc m\u00e0 g\u1ea7y g\u00f2 tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i b\u00e9o t\u1ed1t, t\u00e0n t\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0nh m\u1ea1nh, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta kh\u1ecfi b\u1ecb ch\u1ebft non, s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f5i th\u1ecd, mu\u00f4n \u0111\u1eddi sau c\u00f3 th\u1ea7y d\u1ea1y cho h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp, ph\u00e1t huy r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ch\u1eefa b\u1ec7nh c\u1ee9u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7. T\u1edbi nay, nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecbu c\u00f4ng \u01a1n c\u00e1c b\u1eadc th\u00e1nh \u1ea5y th\u1eadt l\u00e0 to l\u1edbn, m\u00e0 t\u1eeb x\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn nay ch\u01b0a ai l\u00e0m mi\u1ebfu th\u1edd c\u00e1c b\u1eadc th\u00e1nh \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 xu\u00e2n thu t\u1ee9 th\u1eddi h\u01b0\u1edfng s\u1ef1 b\u00e1o \u0111\u00e1p c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n. Th\u1ebf m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u1ea7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1ecb \u0111oan l\u1ea1i chi\u1ebfm nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eb9p l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ec1n l\u1ed9ng l\u1eaby, c\u00fang th\u1edd nh\u1ea3m nh\u00ed, c\u00f2n nh\u1eefng b\u1eadc th\u00e1nh nh\u00e2n ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 n\u01a1i th\u1edd. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i l\u1ea5y th\u1ebf l\u00e0m bu\u1ed3n. \u0110\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 thi\u1ebfu s\u00f3t \u01b0?\u201d. 62","T\u1eacP 3: DANH NH\u00c2N KHOA H\u1eccC VI\u1ec6T NAM N\u01b0\u1edbc ta, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea5ng vua tr\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ed1n vi\u1ec7c th\u1edd c\u00fang, l\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 \u00fd x\u00e9t \u0111\u1ebfn, truy\u1ec1n cho Vi\u1ec7n Th\u00e1i y t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ea5t, l\u00e3nh ti\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng Y mi\u1ebfu, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng d\u1ed1c l\u00f2ng t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c b\u1eadc \u1edf th\u1eddi \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng l\u1ea5y l\u00e0m c\u1ea9n, kh\u00f4ng V\u00e2ng l\u1ec7nh l\u00e0m ngay, \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed5i nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ed7 chi\u00eam ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng\u201d. V\u1eady Y mi\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0o n\u0103m n\u00e0o? S\u1ee9 m\u1ec7nh v\u1ebb vang n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ecbch s\u1eed trao cho danh y Tr\u1ecbnh \u0110\u00ecnh Ngo\u1ea1n. \u00d4ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0ng \u0110\u1ecbnh C\u00f4ng, huy\u1ec7n Thanh Tr\u00ec (H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i) s\u1ed1ng trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XVIII d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1eddi vua L\u00ea Hi\u1ec3n T\u00f4ng (1740-1786), t\u1ef1 l\u00e0 Nghi\u00eam Th\u1eadn Ngo\u1ea1n, t\u01b0\u1edbc Ngo\u1ea1n Trung H\u1ea7u, gi\u1eef ch\u1ee9c Th\u00e1i Y Vi\u1ec7n ch\u01b0\u1edfng vi\u1ec7n l\u00e0 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch thu\u1ed1c c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb C\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ee5c y\u1ebfu \u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00e2n kinh \u0111i\u00eau lu\u1eadn. V\u1edbi t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0y, \u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng b\u1ed5 sung c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng thu\u1ed1c ch\u1eefa th\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u00e0n v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u1ec7nh do kh\u00ed t\u00e1o ph\u00e1t sinh. Su\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eddi t\u1eadn tu\u00ee v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c, \u00f4ng \u00fd th\u1ee9c vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng Y mi\u1ebfu nh\u1eb1m t\u00f4n vinh c\u00e1c b\u1eadc ti\u00ean th\u00e1nh trong ng\u00e0nh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng \u201cvi\u1ec7c c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m ngay\u201d. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft \u00f4ng, t\u00ecm m\u1ed9t khu \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng \u1edf ph\u01b0\u1eddng B\u00edch C\u00e2u, v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda t\u00e2y Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Th\u00e0nh, ph\u00eda tr\u00e1i V\u0103n Mi\u1ebfu v\u00e0 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i ao trong su\u1ed1t v\u00f2ng quanh r\u1ea5t h\u1eefu t\u00ecnh h\u1ee3p l\u00fd: \t Xanh xanh d\u00e3y li\u1ec5u ng\u00e0n th\u00f4ng \t C\u1ecf hoang l\u1ed1i m\u1ee5c r\u00eau phong d\u1ea5u ti\u1ec1u \t M\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng non n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00ecu hiu Ph\u1ea5t ph\u01a1 gi\u00f3 tr\u00fac d\u1eadp d\u00ecu m\u01b0a hoa \t\t\t\t\t\t (B\u00edch C\u00e2u k\u1ef3 ng\u1ed9) \u00dd mu\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng l\u00e0 Y mi\u1ebfu x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u1ea1nh V\u0103n Mi\u1ebfu s\u1ebd nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf nh\u1eefng cho thi\u00ean h\u1ea1 r\u1eb1ng, c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7y thu\u1ed1c c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u00e1nh ngang v\u1edbi th\u1ea7y d\u1ea1y ch\u1eef v\u1eady. Vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m n\u00e0y xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb t\u1ea5m l\u00f2ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1eeb ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh n\u00ean Tr\u1ecbnh \u0110\u00ecnh Ngo\u1ea1n e r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 kinh ph\u00ed \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. Do \u0111\u00f3, \u00f4ng m\u1edbi t\u00e2u l\u00ean nh\u00e0 vua. May m\u1eafn, nh\u00e0 vua kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00e3 chu\u1ea9n y \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng m\u00e0 c\u00f2n ban th\u00eam 10 m\u1eabu ru\u1ed9ng l\u00e0m t\u1ef1 \u0111i\u1ec1n cho vi\u1ec7c h\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00f3i t\u1ebf t\u1ef1. C\u00f2n b\u00e0 Ho\u00e0ng th\u00e1i h\u1eadu ban cho 2 n\u00e9n b\u1ea1c. Noi theo g\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ed1t n\u00e0y c\u00e1c cung t\u1ea7n m\u1ef9 n\u1eef c\u0169ng \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 th\u00eam \u2013 63","B\u1ed8 S\u00c1CH K\u1ec2 CHUY\u1ec6N DANH NH\u00c2N VI\u1ec6T NAM ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho 1 n\u00e9n b\u1ea1c, k\u1ebb cho 10 quan ti\u1ec1n v.v\u2026 C\u00f2n nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb lang y trong Th\u00e1i y vi\u1ec7n \u201cm\u1eebng th\u1ea5y c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ebfm c\u00f3 n\u00e0y\u201d c\u0169ng k\u1ebb \u00edt, ng\u01b0\u1eddi nhi\u1ec1u \u201c\u0111em h\u1ebft h\u1eb1ng t\u00e2m\u201d m\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, Tr\u1ecbnh \u0110\u00ecnh Ngo\u1ea1n b\u1ecf th\u00eam 600 quan ti\u1ec1n ri\u00eang n\u1eefa l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 lo x\u00e2y c\u1ea5t. Y mi\u1ebfu Th\u0103ng Long l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t di t\u00edch l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7\u00f8a n\u1ec1n y h\u1ecdc c\u1ed5 truy\u1ec1n c\u00f2n t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i qua bao th\u0103ng tr\u1ea7m c\u1ee7a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed. Trong quy\u1ec3n G\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ng\u00e0nh d\u01b0\u1ee3c Vi\u1ec7t Nam (NXB Y H\u1ecdc 1985) c\u1ee7a D.S Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng Xu\u00e2n Nam cho bi\u1ebft: \u201cN\u00f3 n\u1eb1m tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1 9-A s\u1ed1 224 khu ph\u1ed1 \u0110\u1ed1ng \u0110a - song song v\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng Tr\u1ea7n Qu\u00fd C\u00e1p hay \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng Ng\u00f4 S\u0129 Li\u00ean, th\u00f4ng qua \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng Qu\u1ed1c t\u1eed gi\u00e1m. Khu \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00e0y r\u1ed9ng 747 m\u00e9t vu\u00f4ng, th\u1eeda s\u1ed1 420, t\u1edd b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 s\u1ed1 13 khu K, b\u1eb1ng kho\u00e1n s\u1ed1 380 c\u1ee7a S\u1edf qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i\u201d (trang 78). Tham kh\u1ea3o th\u00eam t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i n\u1eeda \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n U\u1ea9n (NXB H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i 1995) th\u00ec: \u201cY mi\u1ebfu c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1930 do gi\u1edbi \u0110\u00f4ng y quy\u00ean ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u1edf n\u1ec1n Y mi\u1ebfu th\u1eddi H\u1eadu L\u00ea t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u00e3 thay b\u1eb1ng ch\u00f9a Ph\u1ed5 Gi\u00e1c, m\u00e0 t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3. Mi\u1ebfu l\u00e0m gi\u1eefa v\u01b0\u1eddn r\u1ed9ng tr\u1ed3ng c\u00e2y thu\u1ed1c Nam\u201d (trang 862, t\u1eadp II). Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, Y mi\u1ebfu hi\u1ec7n nay n\u1eb1m khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n \u1edf s\u1ed1 9 Ng\u00f4 S\u0129 Li\u00ean, s\u00e1t b\u00ean ch\u00f9a kho\u1ea3ng ch\u1ee5c m\u00e9t, ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 g\u1eafn t\u1ea5m b\u1ea3ng Di t\u00edch l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1ebfp h\u1ea1ng l\u00e0 Y mi\u1ebfu \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng sau n\u00e0y. C\u00f2n Y mi\u1ebfu th\u1eddi L\u00ea Hi\u1ec3n T\u00f4ng th\u00ec ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1774 m\u00e0 trong bia c\u00f3 ghi l\u1ea1i: \u201cTrong m\u1ea5y th\u00e1ng \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2y xong, ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00faa r\u1ed3ng ngoi, cung t\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed9ng l\u1eaby, r\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ed9t hi\u00ean ngang, c\u00f3 n\u01a1i chi\u00eam ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng th\u1eadt t\u00f4n k\u00ednh\u201d - g\u1ed3m hai l\u1edbp nh\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 h\u1ea1 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1ed1i li\u1ec1n nhau, t\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1ea1ch v\u00e1ch ng\u00f3i. Trong mi\u1ebfu, c\u00f3 b\u00e0i v\u1ecb gi\u1eefa th\u1edd Tam th\u00e1nh ti\u00ean hi\u1ec1n l\u00e0 Ph\u1ee5c Hy, Th\u1ea7n N\u00f4ng, Ho\u00e0ng \u0110\u1ebf - t\u01b0\u01a1ng truy\u1ec1n l\u00e0 ba v\u1ecb t\u1ed5 \u0110\u00f4ng y c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c. C\u00f2n t\u1ea3 h\u1eefu hai b\u00ean th\u1edd ti\u00ean y Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00e0 Tu\u1ec7 T\u0129nh thi\u1ec1n s\u01b0 v\u00e0 H\u1ea3i Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng L\u00e3n \u00d4ng L\u00ea H\u1eefu Tr\u00e1c. Vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m c\u1ee7a danh y Tr\u1ecbnh \u0110\u00ecnh Ngo\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi ca ng\u1ee3i: \u201cVi\u1ec7c nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, c\u00e1c b\u1eadc danh y th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u01b0a ai l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, m\u00e0 nay ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 quan t\u01b0\u1edbc H\u1ea7u l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, th\u1ef1c l\u00e0 c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1o Y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u00edt\u201d; v\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ef1ng bia v\u00ec: \u201cTh\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00f3i, bia l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 ghi c\u00f4ng l\u1ea1, truy\u1ec1n vi\u1ec7c hay, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng. 64","T\u1eacP 3: DANH NH\u00c2N KHOA H\u1eccC VI\u1ec6T NAM Y mi\u1ebfu Th\u0103ng Long \u1ede \u0111\u1eddi c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 ho\u00e0i b\u00e3o kh\u00e1c th\u01b0\u1eddng, c\u00f4ng lao hi\u1ebfm c\u00f3, ch\u1eb3ng nh\u1eefng khen kh\u00f4ng ng\u1edbt mi\u1ec7ng m\u00e0 c\u00f2n kh\u1eafc v\u00e0o bia \u0111\u00e1, v\u00ec r\u1eb1ng mu\u1ed1n cho b\u1ec1n nh\u01b0 v\u00e0ng ng\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 l\u01b0u truy\u1ec1n m\u00e3i m\u00e3i, th\u00ec ch\u00ednh nay th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 quan Ch\u01b0\u1edfng vi\u1ec7n h\u1ecd Tr\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u1ea5y. Vi\u1ec7c d\u1ef1ng bia n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0 !\u201d. V\u00e0 c\u0169ng theo v\u0103n bia n\u00e0y th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00f4i n\u00e9t v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a danh y Tr\u1ecbnh \u0110\u00ecnh Ngo\u1ea1n: \u201cD\u00f2ng d\u00f5i nho y r\u1ed9ng th\u00f4ng kinh s\u1eed, s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1eadc Nho, Minh, Th\u1ebf, \u0110\u1ee9c, nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u tinh ph\u01b0\u01a1ng thu\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 - ngang v\u1edbi h\u00e0ng Chu, L\u00fd, Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng, L\u01b0u (1) am hi\u1ec3u h\u1ebft quy m\u00f4 v\u1ec1 y \u0111\u1ea1o. C\u1ee9u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1eefa b\u1ec7nh, th\u1ef1c ch\u00e2n truy\u1ec1n Kim qu\u1ef7, Thanh nang. T\u00edch \u0111\u1ee9c l\u1eadp c\u00f4ng, th\u1ef1c nh\u00e2n thu\u1eadt H\u1ea1nh l\u00e2m, Qu\u00fdt t\u0129nh. Th\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u00e0y \u0111em t\u00e2m \u0111\u1eafc ch\u1eefa b\u1ec7nh cho n\u01b0\u1edbc cho d\u00e2n t\u1eeb c\u00e1c tri\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1edbc, \u01a1n tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1 b\u1ea1t th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khen th\u01b0\u1edfng, nay ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 thu\u1ed1c thang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vua cho l\u00e0 Qu\u1ed1c th\u1ee7 danh y v\u00e0 ban cho ch\u1ee9c Ch\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1ee5c cung Th\u00e1i y vi\u1ec7n, th\u1eadt l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c \u00e2n \u0111\u00f3 tr\u00ean \u0111\u1eddi hi\u1ebfm c\u00f3\u201d. V\u00e0 d\u01b0\u1edbi v\u0103n bia c\u00f2n c\u00f3 kh\u1eafc b\u00e0i Minh: (1) \tDanh y Trung qu\u1ed1c: Chu \u0110\u1ea1i Kh\u00ea, L\u00fd \u0110\u00f4ng Vi\u00ean, Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng C\u1ea3nh Nh\u1ea1c, L\u01b0u Ho\u00e0n T\u1ed1. 65","B\u1ed8 S\u00c1CH K\u1ec2 CHUY\u1ec6N DANH NH\u00c2N VI\u1ec6T NAM T\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea7u v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i T\u00e0i gi\u1ecfi tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi Qu\u1ed1c th\u1ee7 n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng Gia truy\u1ec1n l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi Mi\u1ebfu th\u1edd ti\u00ean th\u00e1nh \u0110\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfng l\u00e2u d\u00e0i T\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc hi\u1ebfm c\u00f3 Vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y s\u00e1ng ng\u1eddi Xin kh\u1eafc bia \u0111\u00e1 \u0110\u1ec3 nh\u1edb c\u00f4ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m C\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ee5c y\u1ebfu \u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00e2n kinh \u0111i\u00eau lu\u1eadn th\u00ec danh y Tr\u1ecbnh \u0110\u00ecnh Ngo\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebf ra m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng thu\u1ed1c nh\u01b0: Nhu\u1eadn ph\u1ebf c\u1ee9u t\u1ea3o thang ch\u1eefa b\u1ec7nh ho khan th\u1ed5 huy\u1ebft; Sinh \u00e2m khoan k\u1ebft thang ch\u1eefa b\u1ec7nh h\u1ecfa u\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1ea1i tr\u00e0ng t\u00e1o k\u1ebft, t\u00e1o b\u00f3n; Nhu\u1eadn chi thang ch\u1eefa b\u1ec7nh t\u00e1o c\u1ef1c sinh phong, tay ch\u00e2n co gi\u1eadt; Ki\u00eam nhu\u1eadn ho\u00e0n ch\u1eefa mi\u1ec7ng l\u01b0\u1ee1i sinh vi\u00eam, \u0111\u1ea1i ti\u1ec3u ti\u1ec7n ra m\u00e1u v.v\u2026 C\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng th\u1eadt l\u1edbn lao. Hi\u1ec7n nay, Y mi\u1ebfu Th\u0103ng Long l\u00e0 di t\u00edch l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t qu\u1ed1c gia B\u00e0n th\u1edd ch\u00ednh trong duy nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n y h\u1ecdc c\u1ed5 truy\u1ec1n Y mi\u1ebfu Th\u0103ng Long d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. H\u1eb1ng n\u0103m, v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng gi\u00eang \u00e2m l\u1ecbch c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y thu\u1ed1c \u0110\u00f4ng y v\u00e0 c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 y t\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdp m\u1eb7t \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1edb v\u00e0 nguy\u1ec7n ph\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ea5u theo g\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i danh y. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a y gi\u1edbi Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u1ea5y c\u0169ng n\u1eb1m trong \u00fd ngh\u0129a sau n\u00e0y Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ta l\u1ea5y ng\u00e0y 27\/2\/1955 \u2013 ng\u00e0y m\u00e0 Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh g\u1eedi th\u01b0 cho H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 Y v\u00e0 D\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a hai ng\u00e0nh Qu\u00e2n y v\u00e0 D\u00e2n y - l\u00e0m \u201cNg\u00e0y th\u1ea7y thu\u1ed1c Vi\u1ec7t Nam\u201d. Trong th\u01b0 n\u00e0y, B\u00e1c H\u1ed3 vi\u1ebft: 66","T\u1eacP 3: DANH NH\u00c2N KHOA H\u1eccC VI\u1ec6T NAM - Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i th\u1eadt th\u00e0 \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft. \u0110o\u00e0n k\u1ebft l\u00e0 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. \u0110o\u00e0n k\u1ebft th\u00ec v\u01b0\u1ee3t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ecdi kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e0nh t\u00edch. \u0110o\u00e0n k\u1ebft gi\u1eefa c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 c\u0169 v\u00e0 c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 m\u1edbi. \u0110o\u00e0n k\u1ebft gi\u1eefa t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong ng\u00e0nh y t\u1ebf t\u1eeb c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng, th\u1ee9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng, b\u00e1c s\u0129, d\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u0129 cho \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c anh ch\u1ecb em gi\u00fap vi\u1ec7c. B\u1edfi v\u00ec c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb tuy c\u00f3 kh\u00e1c nhau, nh\u01b0ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft trong ng\u00e0nh y t\u1ebf, trong vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n. - Th\u01b0\u01a1ng y\u00eau ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ec7nh. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ec7nh ph\u00f3 th\u00e1c t\u00ednh m\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd n\u01a1i c\u00e1c c\u00f4 c\u00e1c ch\u00fa. Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 ph\u00f3 th\u00e1c cho c\u00e1c c\u00f4 c\u00e1c ch\u00fa vi\u1ec7c ch\u1eefa b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt v\u00e0 gi\u1eef s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 r\u1ea5t v\u1ebb vang. V\u00ec v\u1eady, c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u01a1ng y\u00eau s\u0103n s\u00f3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ec7nh nh\u01b0 anh em ru\u1ed9t th\u1ecbt c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, coi h\u1ecd \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 m\u00ecnh \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn. \u201cL\u01b0\u01a1ng y ph\u1ea3i nh\u01b0 t\u1eeb m\u1eabu\u201d, c\u00e2u n\u00f3i \u1ea5y r\u1ea5t \u0111\u00fang. - X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n y h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a ta. Trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m n\u01b0\u1edbc ta b\u1ecb n\u00f4 l\u1ec7, th\u00ec y h\u1ecdc c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecb k\u00ecm h\u00e3m. Nay ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp t\u1ef1 do, c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 c\u1ea7n gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o, gi\u00fap Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n y t\u1ebf th\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ta. Y h\u1ecdc c\u00e0ng ph\u1ea3i d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc: khoa h\u1ecdc, d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang. \u00d4ng cha ta ng\u00e0y tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u kinh nghi\u1ec7m qu\u00fd b\u00e1u v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch ch\u1eefa b\u1ec7nh b\u1eb1ng thu\u1ed1c ta, thu\u1ed1c b\u1eafc. \u0110\u1ec3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng ph\u1ea1m vi y h\u1ecdc, c\u00e1c c\u00f4 c\u00e1c ch\u00fa c\u0169ng n\u00ean ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p thu\u1ed1c \u201c\u0111\u00f4ng\u201d v\u00e0 thu\u1ed1c \u201ct\u00e2y\u201d. Nh\u00ecn l\u1ea1i vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m c\u1ee7a Qu\u1ed1c th\u1ee7 danh y Tr\u1ecbnh \u0110\u00ecnh Ngo\u1ea1n v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 y h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, ch\u00fang ta c\u00e0ng t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o v\u1ec1 \u00f4ng, v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng th\u1ea7y thu\u1ed1c ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u1ea5m g\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a ti\u1ec1n nh\u00e2n, m\u00e0 B\u00e1c H\u1ed3 \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf c\u00e1c th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ea7y thu\u1ed1c ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp, noi theo... 67","B\u1ed8 S\u00c1CH K\u1ec2 CHUY\u1ec6N DANH NH\u00c2N VI\u1ec6T NAM NGUY\u1ec4N H\u1eeeU TH\u1eacN Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m ra l\u1ecbch hi\u1ec7p k\u1ef7 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1813 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1945 N\u0103m 1802 Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1nh l\u00ean ng\u00f4i l\u1ea5y ni\u00ean hi\u1ec7u l\u00e0 Gia Long v\u00e0 v\u00e0i n\u0103m sau m\u1edbi sai s\u1ee9 sang nh\u00e0 Thanh b\u00e1o tin \u2013 v\u00ec theo l\u1ec7 khi c\u00f3 vua k\u1ebf v\u1ecb, ta ph\u1ea3i sang s\u1ee9 sang T\u00e0u b\u00e1o tin vua c\u0169 \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t (ho\u1eb7c b\u1ecb tru\u1ea5t ph\u1ebf ho\u1eb7c v\u00ec l\u00fd do g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3) v\u00e0 xin phong vua m\u1edbi. Sau \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ee9 T\u00e0u m\u1edbi \u0111em s\u1eafc th\u01b0 sang l\u00e0m l\u1ec5 phong, b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd vua ta m\u1edbi th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c v\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ecd. T\u01b0\u01a1ng truy\u1ec1n, khi ph\u00e1i \u0111o\u00e0n c\u1ee7a ta v\u00e0o b\u00e1i ki\u1ebfn vua Gia Kh\u00e1nh (Thanh Nh\u00e2n T\u00f4ng), m\u1ed9t c\u1eadn th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a tri\u1ec1u Thanh \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t h\u1ecfi: - Qu\u1ed1c v\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1c \u00f4ng \u0111\u1eb7t hi\u1ec7u l\u00e0 Gia Long, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u00fd mu\u1ed1n ngang h\u00e0ng v\u1edbi hai ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf thi\u00ean tri\u1ec1u l\u00e0 C\u00e0n Long v\u00e0 Gia Kh\u00e1nh kh\u00f4ng? Ch\u00e1nh s\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a ta t\u1eeb t\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e1p ngay: - Th\u01b0a kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i, n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ph\u00eda Nam c\u00f3 Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh, ph\u00eda B\u1eafc c\u00f3 Th\u0103ng Long n\u00ean vua ch\u00fang t\u00f4i m\u1edbi \u0111\u1eb7t hi\u1ec7u nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. C\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi kh\u00f4n ngoan, kh\u00e9o l\u00e9o, th\u00f4ng minh khi\u1ebfn nh\u00e0 Thanh ph\u1ea3i khen t\u00e0i \u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ed1i, v\u1eeba gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00f2a kh\u00ed v\u1eeba kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ee5c qu\u1ed1c th\u1ec3. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ed1i \u1ea5y l\u00e0 ai? Tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y \u1edf v\u00f9ng Qu\u1ea3ng Tr\u1ecb th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u01b0u truy\u1ec1n nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i to\u00e1n \u0111\u1ed1: - Anh \u0111i th\u00ec qu\u1ebf ch\u01b0a tr\u1ed3ng Anh v\u1ec1 qu\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e2m b\u00f4ng tr\u0103m ng\u00e0nh M\u1ed9t ng\u00e0nh m\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00e1m b\u00f4ng xanh Ba b\u00f4ng b\u1ed1n tr\u1ef1 (ti\u1ec1n) \u0111\u1ed1 anh m\u1ea5y ti\u1ec1n? 68","T\u1eacP 3: DANH NH\u00c2N KHOA H\u1eccC VI\u1ec6T NAM Ho\u1eb7c: - Mai anh \u0111i ch\u1ee3 G\u1eedi m\u1ed9t quan ti\u1ec1n Mua l\u1ea5y thanh y\u00ean V\u1eeba cam v\u1eeba qu\u00fdt Cam ba \u0111\u1ed3ng m\u1ed9t Qu\u00fdt m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed3ng n\u0103m Thanh y\u00ean m\u1ed9t tr\u00e1i n\u0103m \u0111\u1ed3ng Ch\u1eb3ng nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1eb3ng \u00edt, m\u1ed9t tr\u0103m ch\u1eb5n ch\u00f2i Ai l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i to\u00e1n \u1ea5y? \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n H\u1eefu Th\u1eadn. Trong \u0110\u1ea1i Nam nh\u1ea5t th\u1ed1ng ch\u00ed do Qu\u1ed1c s\u1eed qu\u00e1n tri\u1ec1u Nguy\u1ec5n bi\u00ean so\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng ghi t\u00ean \u00f4ng v\u00e0o ph\u1ea7n nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt \u0111\u1eddi Nguy\u1ec5n \u2013 m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 ghi t\u00ean con \u00f4ng (!). Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n H\u1eefu Th\u1eadn sinh th\u00e1ng 4\/1757, qu\u00ea \u1edf l\u00e0ng \u0110\u1ea1i H\u00f2a, t\u1ed5ng An D\u00e3, huy\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1i L\u0103ng, ph\u1ee7 Tri\u1ec7u Phong (Th\u1eeba Thi\u00ean - Hu\u1ebf) hi\u1ec7u Ch\u00e2n Nguy\u00ean, t\u1ef1 \u00dd Trai. \u00d4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng l\u00e0m ra l\u1ecbch, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n g\u00ecn gi\u1eef \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong v\u00f2ng 112 n\u0103m \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ta (t\u1eeb 1813 \u0111\u1ebfn 1945). Ng\u00e0y x\u01b0a, n\u01b0\u1edbc ta c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 quan nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 thi\u00ean v\u0103n, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n th\u1eddi Tr\u1ea7n c\u00f3 Th\u00e1i s\u1eed c\u1ee5c l\u1ecbnh, th\u1eddi L\u00ea c\u00f3 Th\u00e1i s\u1eed c\u1ee5c, th\u1eddi L\u00ea - Tr\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 T\u01b0 thi\u00ean gi\u00e1m, sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 Kh\u00e2m thi\u00ean gi\u00e1m\u2026 C\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan thi\u00ean v\u0103n n\u00e0y, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u0169ng l\u00e0 n\u01a1i l\u00e0m l\u1ecbch. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 th\u1eddi L\u00ea - Tr\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean l\u1ecbch l\u00e0 l\u1ecbch Kh\u00e2m Th\u1ee5 (ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 m\u1ec7nh l\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a tr\u1eddi). N\u0103m 1780 khi x\u01b0ng v\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1edf Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh, \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ecf r\u00f5 ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng, Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1nh \u0111\u00e3 ban h\u00e0nh l\u1ecbch g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 l\u1ecbch V\u1ea1n To\u00e0n (ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 t\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chu \u0111\u00e1o) v\u00e0 khi l\u00ean ng\u00f4i th\u00ec l\u1ecbch n\u00e0y v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. Trong L\u1ecbch tri\u1ec1u hi\u1ebfn ch\u01b0\u01a1ng lo\u1ea1i ch\u00ed, \u1edf ph\u1ea7n L\u1ec5 nghi ch\u00ed, nh\u00e0 b\u00e1ch khoa Phan Huy Ch\u00fa c\u00f3 vi\u1ebft: \u201cH\u00e0ng n\u0103m, T\u01b0 Thi\u00ean gi\u00e1m t\u00ednh tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ecbch c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 n\u0103m sau, \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e1ng 6 vi\u1ebft ra hai b\u1ea3n d\u1ef1 th\u1ea3o, m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n d\u00e2ng l\u00ean vua v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3i v\u1edbi ch\u00faa xin l\u00e3nh ti\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng mua gi\u1ea5y m\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 in. B\u1ea3n l\u1ecbch d\u1ef1 th\u1ea3o d\u00e2ng l\u00ean, vua xem xong r\u1ed3i giao cho Trung th\u01b0 gi\u00e1m vi\u1ebft l\u1ea1i, xong giao cho tr\u1ecb gi\u00e1m vi\u1ec7c kh\u1eafc in. Khi b\u1ea3n kh\u1eafc xong, T\u01b0 Thi\u00ean gi\u00e1m v\u00e2ng l\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu xem x\u00e9t r\u1ed3i cho in. Trong th\u00e1ng 12 ch\u1ecdn ng\u00e0y d\u00e2ng l\u00ean, vua chu\u1ea9n 69","B\u1ed8 S\u00c1CH K\u1ec2 CHUY\u1ec6N DANH NH\u00c2N VI\u1ec6T NAM y, \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y 24 th\u00e1ng 12, l\u00e0 l\u1ec5 Ti\u1ebfn l\u1ecbch. S\u00e1ng ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m \u1ea5y c\u00f4ng h\u1ea7u b\u00e1 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c quan v\u0103n v\u00f5 theo ch\u1ec9 ch\u00faa, \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ee7 ph\u1ea9m ph\u1ee5c, v\u00e0o tri\u1ec1u l\u00e0m l\u1ec5. L\u00e0m l\u1ec5 xong, T\u01b0 thi\u00ean gi\u00e1m b\u01b0ng c\u00e1i \u00e1n l\u1ecbch \u1edf tr\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ef1 t\u1ecda sang ti\u1ebfn \u1edf ph\u1ee7 ch\u00faa. Quan L\u1ec5 khoa \u0111em l\u1ecbch ban cho c\u00e1c quan. C\u00e1c quan qu\u1ef3 xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn, gi\u01a1 l\u1ecbch l\u00ean ngang tr\u00e1n r\u1ed3i lui ra\u201d. T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 cho th\u1ea5y \u00fd ngh\u0129a quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m l\u1ecbch th\u1eddi \u1ea5y. T\u01b0 thi\u00ean gi\u00e1m sang \u0111\u1eddi Nguy\u1ec5n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00ean l\u00e0 Kh\u00e2m thi\u00ean gi\u00e1m. C\u00e1ch l\u00e0m l\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a ta h\u1ed3i \u0111\u00f3 v\u1eabn theo ph\u00e9p l\u1ecbch \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1ed1ng (nh\u00e0 Minh) ho\u1eb7c l\u1ecbch Th\u1eddi Hi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 Thanh. Trong s\u00e1ch \u00dd Trai to\u00e1n ph\u00e1p nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eafc l\u1ee5c, Nguy\u1ec5n H\u1eefu Th\u1eadn cho bi\u1ebft l\u00e0 t\u1eeb thu\u1edf 8 tu\u1ed5i, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e2n ph\u1ee5 d\u1ea1y c\u1eedu ch\u01b0\u01a1ng ho\u1eb7c gi\u1ea3ng cho nghe v\u1ec1 ph\u00e9p l\u1ecbch \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 Minh. L\u1edbn l\u00ean, qua ki\u1ec3m nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u00f4ng th\u1ea5y l\u0169 l\u1ee5t, h\u1ea1n h\u00e1n th\u00ec n\u0103m n\u00e0o c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nh\u01b0ng l\u1ecbch \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang. V\u1eady l\u00e0m sao s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa, b\u1ed5 c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn h\u1ea7u gi\u00fap \u00edch cho b\u00e0 con n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n? C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u1ea5y c\u1ee9 \u00e2m \u1ec9 trong l\u00f2ng \u00f4ng su\u1ed1t n\u0103m th\u00e1ng hoa m\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a tu\u1ed5i tr\u1ebb. C\u01a1n l\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 cu\u1ed1n \u00f4ng trong bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi cu\u1ed9c. Khi ng\u1ecdn c\u1edd \u0111\u00e0o ch\u00ednh ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n Hu\u1ec7 t\u1eeb ph\u00eda Nam k\u00e9o ra \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111u\u1ed5i ch\u00faa Tr\u1ecbnh kh\u1ecfi Thu\u1eadn H\u00f3a, \u00f4ng h\u0103m h\u1edf ra gi\u00fap nh\u00e0 T\u00e2y S\u01a1n v\u00e0 l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ee9c H\u1eefu th\u1ecb lang b\u1ed9 H\u1ed9. N\u0103m 1801 khi Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1nh chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ph\u00fa Xu\u00e2n th\u00ec \u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u201chi\u1ec7u thu\u1eadn\u201d - theo tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i m\u1edbi \u201c\u0111\u1edbi c\u00f4ng chu\u1ed9c t\u1ed9i\u201d(!). Bu\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ea7u \u00f4ng l\u00e0m Ch\u1ebf c\u00e1o \u1edf Vi\u1ec7n h\u00e0n l\u00e2m, r\u1ed3i l\u00e0m Thi\u00eam s\u1ef1 \u1edf b\u1ed9 L\u1ea1i. \u00cdt l\u00e2u sau l\u00e0m Cai b\u1ea1 \u1edf Qu\u1ea3ng Ng\u00e3i. N\u0103m 1809 \u00f4ng l\u1ea1i tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 tri\u1ec1u nh\u1eadm ch\u1ee9c H\u01b0u tri tham b\u1ed9 L\u1ea1i, v\u00e0i th\u00e1ng sau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eed l\u00e0m Ch\u00e1nh s\u1ee9 c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi hai ph\u00f3 s\u1ee9 l\u00e0 L\u00ea \u0110\u1eafc T\u1ea7n v\u00e0 Ng\u00f4 Tu\u1ea5n sang Trung Qu\u1ed1c. Chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn \u00f4ng r\u1ed9n l\u00ean ni\u1ec1m vui v\u00e0 \u01b0\u1edbc m\u01a1 c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi trai tr\u1ebb: l\u1ecbch s\u1ed1 v\u00e0 to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc. Do \u0111\u00f3, trong su\u1ed1t chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i s\u1ee9 \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 d\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi gian l\u01b0u t\u00e2m, t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm \u0111\u1ec3 mua cho b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hai lo\u1ea1i s\u00e1ch qu\u00fd n\u00e0y. Trong \u0110\u1ea1i Nam li\u1ec7t truy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Qu\u1ed1c s\u1eed qu\u00e1n tri\u1ec1u Nguy\u1ec5n, quy\u1ec3n 25 \u201cTruy\u1ec7n c\u00e1c quan m\u1ee5c XXII\u201d c\u00f3 ghi l\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 sau: \u201cB\u1ecdn Th\u1eadn v\u00e0o b\u1ec7 t\u1eeb, vua d\u1ee5 r\u1eb1ng: - B\u1ecdn ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5ng m\u1ec7nh \u0111i s\u1ee9, n\u00ean th\u1eadn tr\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 l\u1eddi l\u1ebd \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ecdng qu\u1ed1c th\u1ec3. 70","T\u1eacP 3: DANH NH\u00c2N KHOA H\u1eccC VI\u1ec6T NAM N\u0103m th\u1ee9 9, Th\u1eadn t\u1eeb n\u01b0\u1edbc Thanh tr\u1edf v\u1ec1, \u0111em quy\u1ec3n \u201c\u0110\u1ea1i Thanh l\u1ecbch t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u1ea3o th\u00e0nh th\u01b0\u201d d\u00e2ng l\u00ean. Vua h\u1ecfi, Th\u1eadn t\u00e2u n\u00f3i: - K\u00ednh b\u00e1o cho th\u1ea7n d\u00e2n bi\u1ebft th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft l\u00e0m ru\u1ed9ng l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc. Quy\u1ec3n l\u1ecbch \u201cV\u1ea1n to\u00e0n\u201d c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc ta, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi quy\u1ec3n \u201cTh\u1eddi hi\u1ebfn th\u01b0\u201d c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u1ea1i Thanh, t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1edd \u0111\u1ec1u d\u00f9ng theo nh\u01b0 \u201c\u0110\u1ea1i th\u1ed1ng l\u1ecbch ph\u00e1p\u201d c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 Minh, h\u01a1n 300 n\u0103m nay ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u1ea1i, n\u00ean c\u00e0ng l\u00e2u c\u00e0ng sai. Kho\u1ea3ng n\u0103m Thanh Khang Hy m\u1edbi tham kh\u1ea3o c\u00e1ch t\u00ednh l\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a T\u00e2y d\u01b0\u01a1ng, l\u00e0m th\u00e0nh s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y, v\u1ec1 ph\u00e9p \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng, suy t\u00ednh r\u1ea5t r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, so v\u1edbi s\u00e1ch \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1ed1ng c\u00e0ng k\u1ef9 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng h\u01a1n, m\u00e0 v\u1ec1 ph\u00e9p t\u00ednh tam tuy\u1ebfn, b\u00e1t gi\u00e1c L\u1ecbch nh\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n (1802-1812) tinh di\u1ec7u, xin giao cho Kh\u00e2m thi\u00ean gi\u00e1m, b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c sinh vi\u00ean v\u1ec1 m\u00f4n thi\u00ean v\u0103n xem x\u00e9t t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch t\u00ednh, th\u00ec \u0111\u1ed9 s\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a tr\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1u, m\u00e0 ti\u1ebft h\u1eadu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00fang v\u1eady\u201d. B\u1ed9 s\u00e1ch d\u00e2ng l\u00ean cho vua Gia Long l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 s\u00e1ch m\u00e0 l\u00e2u nay c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 thi\u00ean v\u0103n h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a ta \u0111\u1ec1u \u01b0\u1edbc m\u01a1 \u2013 n\u00f3 gi\u1ea3ng gi\u1ea3i r\u00f5 v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean l\u00fd thi\u00ean v\u0103n v\u00e0 to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 l\u1ecbch, tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u00e1c ti\u1ebft m\u1ee5c ph\u00e9p l\u1ecbch Th\u1ea7n Hi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t s\u1eb5n c\u00e1c bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1eadp th\u00e0nh. \u0110\u1ea1i Nam li\u1ec7t truy\u1ec7n c\u00f3 vi\u1ebft th\u00eam: \u201cN\u0103m th\u1ee9 10, H\u1ed9 b\u1ed9 l\u00e0 L\u00ea Quang \u0110\u1ecbnh n\u00f3i: \u201cTh\u1eadn trong b\u1ee5ng m\u01b0u t\u00ednh tinh th\u00f4ng, t\u00e0i \u1ea5y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1i d\u1ee5ng\u201d. B\u00e8n t\u1eeb L\u1ea1i b\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n (Th\u1eadn) sang h\u1eefu tham tri H\u1ed9 b\u1ed9. M\u00f9a xu\u00e2n n\u0103m th\u1ee9 11, (Th\u1eadn) ki\u00eam ph\u00f3 qu\u1ea3n c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u1edf Kh\u00e2m thi\u00ean gi\u00e1m. N\u0103m th\u1ee9 14, vua th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi Th\u1eadn b\u00e0n v\u1ec1 thi\u00ean t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng: \u201c-Ng\u00e0y s\u00f3c ng\u00e0y 71","B\u1ed8 S\u00c1CH K\u1ec2 CHUY\u1ec6N DANH NH\u00c2N VI\u1ec6T NAM v\u1ecdng m\u00e0 g\u1eb7p c\u00f3 nh\u1eadt th\u1ef1c, n\u00ean b\u00e3i tri\u1ec1u h\u1ea1 v\u00e0 y\u1ebfn th\u01b0\u1edfng\u201d, \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ecf \u00fd bi\u1ebft s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i tu t\u00ednh. Th\u1eadn nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00f3 t\u00e2u n\u00f3i: \u201c-Th\u1ea7n suy t\u00ednh thi\u00ean t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e1ng 4 v\u00e0 th\u00e1ng 10 n\u0103m \u0110inh S\u1eedu \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 nh\u1eadt th\u1ef1c\u201d. Vua n\u00f3i: \u201c-N\u1ebfu qu\u1ea3 c\u00f3, th\u1eddi 2 l\u1ec5 h\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1 m\u00f9a h\u1ea1, m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng n\u00ean \u0111\u1ed5i ng\u00e0y kh\u00e1c m\u1edbi ph\u1ea3i\u201d. L\u1ea1i b\u00e0n \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea1o Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa gi\u00e1o \u1edf T\u00e2y d\u01b0\u01a1ng, Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Th\u1eafng t\u00e2u n\u00f3i: \u201c-Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa ra \u0111\u1eddi t\u1edbi nay \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 1815 n\u0103m\u201d, vua sai Th\u1eadn t\u00ednh th\u1eed, th\u1eddi thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 n\u0103m T\u00e2n D\u1eadu, ni\u00ean hi\u1ec7u nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y th\u1ee9 1 \u0111\u1eddi H\u00e1n B\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ebf. N\u0103m th\u1ee9 15, (Th\u1eadn) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed5i b\u1ed5 t\u1ea3 tham tri b\u1ed9 H\u1ed9 l\u0129nh H\u1ed9 t\u00e0o \u1edf B\u1eafc th\u00e0nh. N\u0103m th\u1ee9 16 (1817) t\u1ee9c n\u0103m \u0110inh S\u1eedu, qu\u1ea3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eadt th\u1ef1c. Vua c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c quan b\u00e0n v\u1ec1 ph\u00e9p l\u00e0m l\u1ecbch n\u00f3i: \u201c- Ch\u1ee9c Kh\u00e2m thi\u00ean gi\u00e1m, duy c\u00f3 h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n H\u1eefu Th\u1eadn m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u201d. M\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng n\u0103m \u1ea5y, cho tri\u1ec7u (Th\u1eadn) v\u1ec1, th\u0103ng l\u00e0m L\u1ea1i b\u1ed9 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u01b0. N\u0103m Minh M\u1ea1ng th\u1ee9 1, \u0111\u1ed5i (Th\u1eadn) sang l\u00e0m H\u1ed9 b\u1ed9 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u01b0. N\u0103m th\u1ee9 2 ki\u00eam qu\u1ea3n c\u1ea3 vi\u1ec7c \u1edf ph\u1ee7 N\u1ed9i v\u1ee5, r\u1ed3i ki\u00eam qu\u1ea3n c\u1ea3 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u1edf Kh\u00e2m thi\u00ean gi\u00e1m\u201d. L\u1ecbch Ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i K\u1ef7 B\u00e1ch trung kinh Th\u1eddi gian n\u00e0y, Nguy\u1ec5n H\u1eefu th\u1eddi L\u00ea Trung H\u01b0ng t\u1eeb 1624-1785 Th\u1eadn \u0111\u00e3 t\u00e2u xin l\u00e0m l\u1ecbch Hi\u1ec7p k\u1ef7 thay cho l\u1ecbch V\u1ea1n To\u00e0n \u0111ang s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng trong c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc. B\u1ed9 l\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh ban b\u1ed1 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1813. So v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng b\u1ed9 l\u1ecbch tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u nh\u01b0 th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e1o ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, gi\u00fap n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n c\u00e0y c\u1ea5y k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi v\u1ee5 v.v\u2026 C\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111ang h\u00e0o h\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u00f4ng th\u00ec n\u0103m 1816 nh\u00e0 vua l\u1ea1i th\u0103ng cho \u00f4ng l\u00ean l\u00e0m Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng Th\u01b0 b\u1ed9 L\u1ea1i. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y khi\u1ebfn \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng vui. N\u0103m 1820, khi Minh M\u1ea1ng l\u00ean ng\u00f4i, \u00f4ng xin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c m\u00e0 m\u00ecnh \u0111ang \u0111eo \u0111u\u1ed5i, hai n\u0103m sau \u00f4ng m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 72","T\u1eacP 3: DANH NH\u00c2N KHOA H\u1eccC VI\u1ec6T NAM giao qu\u1ea3n Kh\u00e2m thi\u00ean gi\u00e1m ch\u1ee7 nhi\u1ec7m s\u00e1ch V\u1ea1n ni\u00ean th\u01b0. L\u1eadp t\u1ee9c \u00f4ng t\u00e2u vua \u0111\u1ecbnh ti\u1ebft kh\u00ed th\u1eddi h\u1eadu \u1edf kinh \u0111\u00f4 Ph\u00fa Xu\u00e2n, Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 B\u1eafc Th\u00e0nh: theo kinh \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd m\u00e0 t\u00ednh gi\u1edd m\u1ecdc l\u1eb7n c\u1ee7a m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 ng\u00e0y \u0111\u00eam ng\u1eafn d\u00e0i: theo \u0111\u1ed9 cao c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m ph\u00eda b\u1eafc m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u0129 \u0111\u1ed9. Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn khoa h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n H\u1eefu Th\u1eadn v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 l\u1ecbch Hi\u1ec7p k\u1ef7 (ngh\u0129a l\u00e0: H\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u01b0\u01a1ng k\u1ef7 c\u1ee7a tr\u1eddi) ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn s\u00e2u r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00e3i cho \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1945. Do \u0111\u00f3, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean khi Qu\u1ed1c s\u1eed qu\u00e1n tri\u1ec1u Nguy\u1ec5n d\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng ghi t\u00ean \u00f4ng v\u00e0o \u0110\u1ea1i Nam nh\u1ea5t th\u1ed1ng ch\u00ed, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn trong \u0110\u1ea1i Nam li\u1ec7t truy\u1ec7n v\u1edbi d\u00f2ng ch\u1eef t\u00f4n vinh ch\u00f3i l\u1ecdi: \u201cH\u1eefu Th\u1eadn cho h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt, th\u1ea1o vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m quan, t\u00ednh v\u1ec1 l\u1ecbch h\u1ecdc, gi\u1ecfi suy t\u00ednh, nh\u00e0 thi\u00ean v\u0103n h\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ai h\u01a1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u201d. C\u00f3 l\u1ea7n vua Minh M\u1ea1ng b\u1ea3o tri\u1ec1u th\u1ea7n r\u1eb1ng: \u201cTr\u1eabm t\u1eeb khi l\u00ean ng\u00f4i \u0111\u1ebfn nay l\u00fac n\u00e0o c\u0169ng n\u00e2m n\u1ea5m, nem n\u00e9p ch\u1ec9 s\u1ee3 ch\u01b0a h\u1ee3p \u00fd Tr\u1eddi, nay h\u1ea1n, d\u1ecbch l\u00e0m tai c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea5ng Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ec3n tr\u00e1ch ta l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee9c v\u1eady \u01b0?\u201d Quan L\u1ea1i B\u1ed9 Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u01b0 l\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n H\u1eefu Th\u1eadn t\u00e2u r\u1eb1ng: \u201cTai tr\u1eddi l\u01b0u h\u00e0nh t\u1eeb \u0111\u1eddi x\u01b0a th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3. \u0110\u1ea5ng v\u01b0\u01a1ng gi\u1ea3 m\u1ed7i khi g\u1eb7p tai bi\u1ebfn bi\u1ebft s\u1ee3 m\u00e0 lo th\u00eam s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ee9c ch\u00ednh th\u1eddi tai l\u1ea1i chuy\u1ec3n nguy l\u00e0m l\u00e0nh v\u1eady\u201d. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y Nguy\u1ec5n H\u1eefu Th\u1eadn \u0111\u00e3 k\u00edn \u0111\u00e1o khuy\u00ean nh\u00e0 vua l\u00e0m th\u00eam nhi\u1ec1u vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ee9c. \u00c2u \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ec7nh n\u01b0\u1edbc. Ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c so\u1ea1n t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u00dd Trai to\u00e1n ph\u00e1p nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eafc l\u1ee5c (M\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u00e2m \u0111\u1eafc v\u1ec1 to\u00e1n ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a \u00dd Trai) \u0111\u00e3 cho th\u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng gi\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 l\u1ecbch m\u00e0 \u00f4ng c\u00f2n gi\u1ecfi c\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc. N\u00f3i nh\u01b0 gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Ho\u00e0ng Xu\u00e2n H\u00e3n th\u00ec Nguy\u1ec5n H\u1eefu Th\u1eadn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 b\u00e0n lu\u1eadn t\u1edbi ma ph\u01b0\u01a1ng (carr\u00e9 magique). T\u01b0\u1edfng c\u0169ng n\u00ean nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i r\u1eb1ng, m\u1ed9t ma ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ea5p n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh vu\u00f4ng g\u1ed3m n2 s\u1ed1 nguy\u00ean kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp sao cho t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c s\u1ed1 theo h\u00e0ng ngang, ho\u1eb7c theo c\u1ed9t d\u1ecdc, ho\u1eb7c theo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00e9o, l\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng nhau, v\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t h\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 h\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 ma c\u1ee7a h\u00ecnh vu\u00f4ng. Ma ph\u01b0\u01a1ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 chu\u1ea9n khi n2 s\u1ed1 l\u00e0 n2 s\u1ed1 nguy\u00ean d\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ch\u1ee9ng minh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eb1ng h\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 ma c\u1ee7a ma ph\u01b0\u01a1ng chu\u1ea9n c\u1ea5p l\u00e0 n(n2+1). Th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00fang ta hi\u1ec3u h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea7u \u00f3c uy\u00ean b\u00e1c c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n H\u1eefu 73","B\u1ed8 S\u00c1CH K\u1ec2 CHUY\u1ec6N DANH NH\u00c2N VI\u1ec6T NAM Th\u1eadn. \u00d4ng m\u1ea5t ng\u00e0y 12-8-1831, m\u1ed9t n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u00e0y m\u1ea5t \u00f4ng c\u00f2n vi\u1ebft t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m L\u1eadp ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p bi\u1ec7n ng\u00f4n v\u00ec \u201cch\u01b0a th\u1ec3 th\u00f4i kh\u1ed5 c\u00f4ng suy ngh\u0129 t\u00ecm t\u00f2i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u201d nh\u01b0 ch\u00ednh \u00f4ng cho bi\u1ebft. Th\u1eadt c\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9ng xi\u1ebft bao khi bi\u1ebft n\u0103m \u0111\u00f3 \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 ngo\u00e0i 70 xu\u00e2n, t\u1ea5m l\u00f2ng say m\u00ea lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, lu\u00f4n t\u00ecm t\u00f2i c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng qu\u00fd v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1ng k\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng bi\u1ebft ch\u1eebng n\u00e0o! 74","T\u1eacP 3: DANH NH\u00c2N KHOA H\u1eccC VI\u1ec6T NAM CAO TH\u1eaeNG Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebf s\u00fang tr\u01b0\u1eddng 1874 theo ki\u1ec3u Ph\u00e1p \u0110\u1ecba b\u1ed9 mu\u1ed1n theo d\u00f2ng Nh\u1ea1c M\u1ee5c, th\u00e9t nhung b\u00e0o t\u1eebng gh\u00ea tr\u1eadn oai linh; Thi\u00ean t\u00e0i toan h\u1ecdc ch\u01b0\u1edbc V\u0169 H\u1ea7u, ch\u1ebf s\u00fang \u0111\u1ea1n bi\u1ebft bao ch\u1eebng c\u01a1 tr\u00ed. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 hai c\u00e2u trong b\u00e0i V\u0103n t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a c\u1ee5 Phan \u0110\u00ecnh Ph\u00f9ng. Ai l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee5 s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi Nh\u1ea1c Phi \u0111\u1eddi T\u1ed1ng? V\u1edbi Gia C\u00e1t Kh\u1ed5ng Minh \u0111\u1eddi H\u00e1n? Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 anh h\u00f9ng Cao Th\u1eafng (1864-1893) Cao Th\u1eafng \u2013 c\u00e1nh tay ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1eafc l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a c\u1ee5 Phan trong cu\u1ed9c kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a L\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u01a1n. Cao Th\u1eafng sinh n\u0103m 1864 t\u1ea1i th\u00f4n Y\u00ean \u0110\u1ee9c, x\u00e3 Tu\u1ea7n L\u1ec5 (nay x\u00e3 S\u01a1n L\u1ec5, huy\u1ec7n H\u01b0\u01a1ng S\u01a1n - H\u00e0 T\u0129nh). D\u00e1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00f4ng th\u1ea5p nh\u1ecf, tay ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec1u ng\u1eafn m\u00e0 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u0169 \u0111o\u1ea3n. T\u1eeb thu\u1edf nh\u1ecf, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 th\u00f4ng minh lanh l\u1eb9, d\u00f9 gi\u1ecfi ch\u1eef v\u0103n hay nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch theo nghi\u1ec7p b\u00fat nghi\u00ean, ch\u1ec9 th\u00edch \u0111\u1ecdc binh th\u01b0 v\u00e0 luy\u1ec7n t\u1eadp v\u00f5 ngh\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ec3 sau n\u00e0y tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfn t\u01b0\u1edbng. Em ru\u1ed9t \u00f4ng l\u00e0 Cao N\u1eefu c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. N\u0103m 1885 khi vua H\u00e0m Nghi xu\u1ed1ng h\u1ecbch C\u1ea7n V\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00ec c\u1ee5 Phan \u0110\u00ecnh Ph\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giao l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o phong tr\u00e0o ch\u1ed1ng Ph\u00e1p \u1edf ba t\u1ec9nh Ngh\u1ec7 An, H\u00e0 T\u0129nh, Qu\u1ea3ng B\u00ecnh. C\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e3 cho ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n l\u00f9ng b\u1eaft t\u00ean ph\u1ea3n b\u1ed9i Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng Quang Ng\u1ecdc ch\u00e9m \u0111\u1ea7u, v\u00ec h\u1eafn \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn gi\u1eb7c 75","B\u1ed8 S\u00c1CH K\u1ec2 CHUY\u1ec6N DANH NH\u00c2N VI\u1ec6T NAM Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1eaft vua H\u00e0m Nghi. Do \u0111\u00f3, h\u00e0o ki\u1ec7t kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i n\u1ee9c l\u00f2ng t\u00f2ng qu\u00e2n d\u01b0\u1edbi ng\u1ecdn c\u1edd c\u1ee7a c\u1ee5, trong s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 anh em Cao Th\u1eafng. Th\u1ea5y Cao Th\u1eafng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 ch\u00ed kh\u00ed n\u00ean anh ru\u1ed9t c\u1ee7a c\u1ee5 l\u00e0 Phan \u0110\u00ecnh Thu\u1eadn \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn l\u00e0m con nu\u00f4i. N\u0103m 1886 khi c\u1ee5 Phan ra B\u1eafc \u0111\u1ec3 li\u00ean l\u1ea1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ed1ng Ph\u00e1p, giao quy\u1ec1n ch\u1ec9 huy cho Cao Th\u1eafng, n\u0103m \u0111\u00f3 \u00f4ng m\u1edbi 22 tu\u1ed5i. \u00d4ng ra s\u1ee9c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u1ea1i l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u canh c\u00e1nh trong l\u00f2ng l\u00e0 l\u00e0m sao ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u0169 kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh l\u1ea1i l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00f9ng h\u1eadu c\u1ee7a gi\u1eb7c Ph\u00e1p. T\u01b0\u01a1ng quan l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00f4i b\u00ean qu\u00e1 ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch. Trong v\u0103n t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a c\u1ee5 Nguy\u1ec5n \u0110\u00ecnh Chi\u1ec3u cho bi\u1ebft, \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u201cgi\u0103ng d\u01b0\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00e0u \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00e0u s\u1eaft, s\u00fang n\u1ed5 qu\u00e1 b\u1eafp rang\u201d; c\u00f2n ta \u201cngo\u00e0i c\u1eadt m\u1ed9t manh \u00e1o v\u1ea3i; trong tay m\u1ed9t ng\u1ecdn t\u1ea7m v\u00f4ng; h\u1ecfa mai \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1eb1ng r\u01a1m con c\u00fai; g\u01b0\u01a1m \u0111ao d\u00f9ng b\u1eb1ng l\u01b0\u1ee1i dao phay...\u201d. V\u00ec th\u1ebf n\u1ed7i lo c\u1ee7a Cao Th\u1eafng c\u0169ng l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u mong m\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng Ph\u00e1p. Sau nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u00eam tr\u1eb1n tr\u1ecdc, Cao Th\u1eafng sai ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n xu\u1ed1ng hai l\u00e0ng Trung L\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 V\u00e2n Trung (thu\u1ed9c huy\u1ec7n Can L\u1ed9c, H\u00e0 T\u0129nh) - n\u01a1i n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng v\u1edbi ngh\u1ec1 th\u1ee3 r\u00e8n, k\u00eau g\u1ecdi th\u1ee3 th\u1ea7y \u0111i theo c\u1ee5 Phan. S\u1ef1 tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. H\u00e0ng tr\u0103m th\u1ee3 r\u00e8n \u0111\u00e3 mang v\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 l\u00ean chi\u1ebfn khu. Cao Th\u1eafng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a h\u1ecd v\u00e0o L\u1ec7 \u0110\u1ed9ng - m\u1ed9t khu r\u1eebng s\u00e2u \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00ed m\u1eadt \u0111\u00fac s\u00fang. Trong v\u00f2ng m\u1ea5y th\u00e1ng tr\u1eddi m\u00e0y m\u00f2, v\u1eeba l\u00e0m v\u1eeba r\u00fat kinh nghi\u1ec7m s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee3 r\u00e8n d\u01b0\u1edbi quy\u1ec1n ch\u1ec9 huy c\u1ee7a Cao Th\u1eafng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00fac \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01a1n 200 kh\u1ea9u s\u00fang. Lo\u1ea1i s\u00fang n\u00e0y th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i nh\u1ed3i thu\u1ed1c \u1edf \u1ed1ng r\u1ed3i c\u00f3 ch\u1ed7 c\u00f2 m\u00e1y \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ea1t n\u1ed5, h\u1ec5 b\u00f3p c\u00f2 c\u00f3 l\u1eeda b\u1eadt ra th\u00ec \u0111\u1ea1n v\u1ee5t bay kh\u1ecfi n\u00f2ng. D\u00f9 ch\u01b0a th\u1eadt \u01b0ng \u00fd v\u1edbi lo\u1ea1i s\u00fang n\u00e0y, nh\u01b0ng lo\u1ea1i v\u0169 kh\u00ed m\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m n\u1ee9c l\u00f2ng c\u00e1c ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n. Khi xung tr\u1eadn th\u00ec \u00f4ng chia qu\u00e2n l\u00e0m hai \u0111o\u00e0n l\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trang b\u1ecb s\u00fang t\u1ef1 ch\u1ebf. S\u00fang bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ea1p \u0111\u1ea1n s\u1eb5n, h\u1ec5 100 kh\u1ea9u s\u00fang \u0111\u1ed3ng lo\u1ea1t b\u1eafn xong v\u00e0 d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 n\u1ea1p \u0111\u1ea1n th\u00ec 100 kh\u1ea9u s\u00fang kia ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c nh\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea1n. C\u1ee9 lu\u00e2n phi\u00ean nhau nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, th\u00e0nh ra trong tr\u1eadn \u0111\u00e1nh l\u00fac n\u00e0o c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ti\u1ebfng s\u00fang n\u1ed5 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c, gi\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u s\u00fang hay \u00edt. 76","T\u1eacP 3: DANH NH\u00c2N KHOA H\u1eccC VI\u1ec6T NAM Nh\u1edd lo\u1ea1i v\u0169 kh\u00ed n\u00e0y m\u00e0 thanh th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a c\u1ee5 Phan lan r\u1ed9ng kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i. Nh\u01b0ng v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 ch\u00ed l\u1edbn, kh\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng l\u00f2ng v\u1edbi lo\u1ea1i s\u00fang \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3, Cao Th\u1eafng \u0111\u00e3 ngh\u0129 t\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u00fang t\u1ed1i t\u00e2n nh\u01b0 s\u00fang tr\u01b0\u1eddng 1874 c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p. \u00d4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00f3i: \u201c- \u0110\u00e3 l\u00e0m th\u00ec t\u1ea5t ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m to, m\u00e0 ki\u1ec3u s\u00fang c\u1ee7a ta th\u00ec t\u1ed1n nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi gi\u1edd qu\u00e1, n\u00e0o ph\u1ea3i ch\u00f9i s\u00fang, n\u1ea1p thu\u1ed1c s\u00fang\u2026 l\u00e0m sao c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbch l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi gi\u1eb7c Ph\u00e1p? Mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e1nh v\u1edbi h\u1ecd, t\u1ea5t ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 kh\u00ed gi\u1edbi nh\u01b0 h\u1ecd m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u201d. \u0110i\u1ec1u kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u00f4ng l\u00e0 l\u00e0m sao c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t kh\u1ea9u s\u00fang Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1eaft ch\u01b0\u1edbc theo? \u0110ang suy t\u00ednh n\u00e1t \u00f3c \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ebfm m\u1ed9t kh\u1ea9u s\u00fang Ph\u00e1p m\u00e0 ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 c\u00e1ch g\u00ec th\u00ec b\u1ea5t ch\u1ee3t, m\u1ed9t ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1eadt b\u00e1o l\u00e0 trong ng\u00e0y mai c\u00f3 hai l\u00ednh Ph\u00e1p \u1edf t\u1ec9nh th\u00e0nh Ngh\u1ec7 An d\u1eabn m\u1ed9t to\u00e1n l\u00ednh t\u1eadp ch\u1edf m\u1ea5y h\u00f2m b\u1ea1c l\u00ean \u0111\u1ed3n Ph\u1ed1 (thu\u1ed9c h\u1ea1t H\u01b0\u01a1ng S\u01a1n) \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t l\u01b0\u01a1ng cho binh l\u00ednh. Nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tin c\u01a1 m\u1eadt n\u00e0y, Cao Th\u1eafng v\u1ed7 \u0111\u00f9i h\u00e9t l\u1edbn: - Tr\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap ta phen n\u00e0y! \u00d4ng d\u00f9ng k\u1ebf \u201cxu\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 b\u1ea5t \u00fd c\u00f4ng k\u1ef3 v\u00f4 b\u1ecb\u201d \u2013 nh\u1eb1m l\u00fac ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f2ng b\u1ecb m\u00ecnh nh\u1ea3y ra \u0111\u00e1nh th\u00ec t\u1ea5t th\u1eafng. \u00d4ng c\u00f9ng Cao N\u1eefu, Cao \u0110\u1ea1t, Nguy\u1ec5n Ni\u00ean d\u1eabn hai m\u01b0\u01a1i c\u1ea3m t\u1eed qu\u00e2n mai ph\u1ee5c trong r\u1eebng r\u1eadm hi\u1ec3m tr\u1edf. X\u1ebf chi\u1ec1u h\u00f4m \u1ea5y, m\u1ecdi vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec5n ra \u0111\u00fang nh\u01b0 d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn. Ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 17 kh\u1ea9u s\u00fang Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 600 vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1n. C\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u00fang, Cao Th\u1eafng m\u1eebng r\u1ee1, \u00f4ng li\u1ec1n d\u1eabn th\u1ee3 r\u00e8n v\u00e0o s\u00e2u trong n\u00fai \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o. \u00d4ng t\u1ef1 th\u00e1o r\u1eddi m\u1ed9t kh\u1ea9u s\u00fang ra t\u1eebng b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn. M\u1ed7i b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn l\u1ea1i l\u1ea5y th\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111o chi ly, r\u1ed3i nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u1eebng c\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch chu \u0111\u00e1o. Su\u1ed1t ng\u00e0y \u00f4ng ng\u1ed3i b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh th\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f4n \u0111\u1ed1c v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c, c\u1ee9 l\u1ea5y t\u1eebng b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a s\u00fang Ph\u00e1p, theo \u0111\u00fang h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c m\u00e0 r\u00e8n \u0111\u00fac, sai \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2u l\u1ea1i s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5y. C\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1 v\u00e0 kh\u00f3 nh\u1ecdc n\u00e0y k\u00e9o d\u00e0i h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t th\u00e1ng, m\u1ed9t kh\u1ea9u s\u00fang \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o xong. Nh\u01b0ng khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u00ec Cao Th\u1eafng v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a \u01b0ng \u00fd l\u1eafm. \u00d4ng b\u1eaft ph\u00e1 ra h\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 r\u00e8n \u0111\u00fac l\u1ea1i. R\u00e8n \u0111i \u0111\u00fac l\u1ea1i m\u00e3i m\u00e0 \u00f4ng v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng n\u1ea3n l\u00f2ng. Su\u1ed1t m\u1ea5y th\u00e1ng r\u00f2ng lao t\u00e2m kh\u1ed5 t\u1ee9, Cao Th\u1eafng t\u00ecm m\u1ecdi c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n kh\u1ea9u s\u00fang theo ki\u1ec3u Ph\u00e1p. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, l\u00f2 xo trong 77","B\u1ed8 S\u00c1CH K\u1ec2 CHUY\u1ec6N DANH NH\u00c2N VI\u1ec6T NAM s\u00fang v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 lo\u1ea1i th\u00e9p c\u1ee9ng th\u00ec \u00f4ng d\u00f9ng c\u00e2y g\u1ecdng d\u00f9 u\u1ed1n l\u1ea1i m\u00e0 l\u00e0m. V\u1ec1 n\u00f2ng s\u00fang v\u00ec s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng, b\u1eafn d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb v\u1ee1 n\u00ean \u00f4ng cho l\u1ed3ng nhi\u1ec1u v\u00f2ng s\u1eaft \u1edf b\u1ea7u n\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn. V\u1ec1 b\u00e1ng s\u00fang th\u00ec \u00f4ng h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn th\u1ee3 ti\u1ec7n, th\u1ee3 m\u1ed9c \u1edf l\u00e0ng Xa Lang th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. Thi\u1ebfu s\u1eaft th\u00ec \u00f4ng cho thu mua s\u1eaft v\u1ee5n, c\u00e0y cu\u1ed1c, m\u00f3ng ng\u1ef1a\u2026 \u0111em v\u1ec1 \u0111\u00fac l\u1ea1i. C\u00f2n v\u1ecf \u0111\u1ea1n th\u00ec \u00f4ng cho g\u00f3p nh\u1eb7t nh\u1eefng m\u00e2m \u0111\u1ed3ng, n\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ed3ng, \u0111\u1eadp d\u1eb9p ra r\u1ed3i cu\u1ed1n l\u1ea1i. \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u cho th\u1ee3 \u0111\u00fac s\u00fang, \u00f4ng k\u00eau g\u1ecdi nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n trong l\u00e0ng chia b\u1edbt \u0111\u1ed3 S\u00fang tr\u01b0\u1eddng do Cao Th\u1eafng \u0111\u1ed3ng, \u0111\u1ed3 s\u1eaft trong nh\u00e0 cho ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n. ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o Qua m\u1ea5y th\u00e1ng tr\u1eddi r\u00f2ng r\u00e3, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee3 r\u00e8n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00fac \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 350 kh\u1ea9u s\u00fang theo \u0111\u00fang ki\u1ec3u s\u00fang Ph\u00e1p, ch\u1ec9 ri\u00eang thu\u1ed1c s\u00fang th\u00ec Cao Th\u1eafng ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m, t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i d\u00f9ng thu\u1ed1c s\u00fang ta. Gh\u00ea g\u1edbm cho tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n Phan \u0110\u00ecnh Ph\u00f9ng, h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o s\u00fang ch\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng s\u1ee9c lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, s\u1ef1 th\u00f4ng minh v\u00e0 t\u00e0i tr\u00ed, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u00e1y m\u00f3c n\u00e0o c\u1ea3. Sau khi \u0111\u00fac xong s\u00fang, Cao Th\u1eafng cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00e2m ph\u00fac ra B\u1eafc r\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee5 Phan v\u1ec1. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2y, thanh th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n H\u01b0\u01a1ng Kh\u00ea lan r\u1ed9ng kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i v\u00e0 g\u00e2y cho gi\u1eb7c nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f2n th\u1ea5t \u0111i\u00ean b\u00e1t \u0111\u1ea3o. Gi\u1eb7c Ph\u00e1p kinh ho\u00e0ng khi bi\u1ebft ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng lo\u1ea1i v\u0169 kh\u00ed t\u1ed1i t\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng k\u00e9m g\u00ec s\u00fang c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. Cao Th\u1eafng \u0111\u00e3 b\u00e0n v\u1edbi c\u1ee5 Phan l\u00e0 m\u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e1nh xu\u1ed1ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3n tr\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a gi\u1eb7c - \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng ph\u1ea1m vi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. \u00d4ng th\u01b0a v\u1edbi c\u1ee5 Phan: - Qu\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p l\u1ea5y Ngh\u1ec7 An \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ecbch v\u1edbi ta, v\u00ec \u1edf \u0111\u1ecba th\u1ebf \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00fang kh\u1ed1ng ch\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c H\u00e0 T\u0129nh, Qu\u1ea3ng B\u00ecnh v\u00e0 ch\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng cho ta giao th\u00f4ng, li\u00ean l\u1ea1c v\u1edbi h\u00e0o ki\u1ec7t ph\u00eda B\u1eafc. N\u1ebfu ta c\u1ee9 l\u1ea5y n\u00fai r\u1eebng l\u00e0m n\u01a1i kh\u00e1ng c\u1ef1 l\u00e2u d\u00e0i th\u00ec c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u1ed5n. Gi\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng ta, ch\u00fang ch\u1ec9 bao v\u00e2y th\u00ec ta c\u0169ng tuy\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c, b\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, l\u1ea7n h\u1ed3i binh m\u00e3 c\u0169ng tan. Chi b\u1eb1ng ta ra tay tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1edf m\u1ed9t sinh l\u1ed9 m\u1edbi? 78","T\u1eacP 3: DANH NH\u00c2N KHOA H\u1eccC VI\u1ec6T NAM C\u1ee5 Phan \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, nh\u01b0ng c\u1ee5 v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a d\u00e1m quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00ec nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ebd trong chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c, nh\u01b0ng Cao Th\u1eafng v\u1eabn n\u1eb1ng n\u1eb7c xin \u0111i. \u00d4ng qu\u1ef3 d\u01b0\u1edbi ch\u00e2n c\u1ee5 v\u00e0 n\u00f3i nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi t\u00e2m huy\u1ebft: - \u0110\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1ee3ng phu \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ebft l\u00e0 c\u00f9ng, ch\u1ee9 c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u chi m\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng s\u1ee3! Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, c\u1ee5 Phan ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u00fd nguy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng. \u00d4ng ch\u1ecdn nh\u1eefng ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n ngoan c\u01b0\u1eddng, trang b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 s\u00fang \u1ed1ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c luy\u1ec7n t\u1eadp thu\u1ea7n th\u1ee5c nh\u01b0 binh ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t binh ph\u1ee5c th\u00ec \u00f4ng cho l\u00ednh m\u1eb7c to\u00e0n s\u1eafc \u0111\u1ecf v\u1edbi quan ni\u1ec7m: \u201cPh\u01b0\u01a1ng Nam ta thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 H\u1ecfa, c\u00f2n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 Kim, nay l\u1ea5y h\u1ecfa kh\u1eafc kim ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 l\u1ea5y l\u1eeda nung v\u00e0ng cho ch\u1ea3y ra. V\u1eady qu\u00e2n ph\u1ee5c s\u1eafc \u0111\u1ecf l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng cho h\u1ecfa v\u1eady\u201d. Ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n \u00e0o \u00e0o xu\u1ed1ng n\u00fai. Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed3n b\u00f3t c\u1ee7a gi\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ed1ng c\u1ef1 n\u1ed5i kh\u00ed th\u1ebf ti\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 ch\u1ebb tre. \u0110\u00eam 21\/11\/1893 trong tr\u1eadn \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed3n N\u1ecf (t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p ghi l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3n Nu?) ch\u1eb3ng may \u00f4ng tr\u00fang \u0111\u1ea1n v\u00e0 hy sinh. N\u0103m \u0111\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi anh h\u00f9ng Cao Th\u1eafng m\u1edbi tr\u00f2n 29 xu\u00e2n. Tin d\u1eef \u0111\u1ebfn chi\u1ebfn khu Ng\u00e0n Tr\u01b0\u01a1i, c\u1ee5 Phan kh\u00f3c l\u00f3c th\u1ea3m thi\u1ebft: - Tr\u1eddi h\u1ea1i t\u00f4i. \u00d4ng Cao Th\u1eafng \u01a1i! Tr\u1eddi h\u1ee1i tr\u1eddi! M\u1ed9t s\u0129 quan Ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i \u00fay Gosselin c\u00f3 tham gia tr\u1eadn \u0111\u00e1nh n\u00e0y, y nh\u1eb7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1ea9u s\u00fang do Cao Th\u1eafng ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c kinh ng\u1ea1c. Sau n\u00e0y trong h\u1ed3i k\u00fd Empire d\u2019Annam, y c\u00f2n b\u00e0ng ho\u00e0ng vi\u1ebft: \u201cT\u00f4i c\u00f3 \u0111em nhi\u1ec1u kh\u1ea9u s\u00fang \u0111\u00f3 v\u1ec1 t\u1eadn b\u00ean Ph\u00e1p, xem n\u00f3 gi\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ee7 m\u1ecdi v\u1ebb nh\u01b0 s\u00fang c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c x\u01b0\u1edfng binh kh\u00ed n\u01b0\u1edbc ta ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o, \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i t\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0a cho c\u00e1c quan binh ph\u00e1o th\u1ee7 ta xem, c\u00e1c \u00f4ng \u1ea5y ph\u1ea3i s\u1eedng s\u1ed1t l\u1ea1 l\u00f9ng. N\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi s\u00fang ta c\u00f3 hai ch\u1ed7: l\u00f2 xo kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 trong n\u00f2ng s\u00fang kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 x\u1ebb r\u1ea3nh, v\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1n b\u1eafn ra kh\u00f4ng xa, kh\u00f4ng m\u1ea1nh. Tuy v\u1eady, nh\u1eefng kh\u1ea9u s\u00fang n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng b\u1eafn ch\u1ebft \u00edt nhi\u1ec1u l\u00ednh kh\u1ed5 xanh, cai \u0111\u1ed9i Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 l\u00ednh t\u1eadp\u201d. C\u00e1i ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Cao Th\u1eafng \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y x\u00fac \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn trong ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n, ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c c\u1ee5 Phan truy\u1ec1n l\u1ec7nh \u0111em thi h\u00e0i c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng l\u00ean Ng\u00e0n Tr\u01b0\u01a1i \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m l\u1ec5 an t\u00e1ng. T\u01b0\u1edbng s\u0129 kh\u00f3c nh\u01b0 m\u01b0a. Ch\u00ednh tay c\u1ee5 Phan vi\u1ebft hai c\u00e2u \u0111\u1ed1i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecdc b\u00e0i v\u0103n t\u1ebf th\u1ed1ng thi\u1ebft: 79","B\u1ed8 S\u00c1CH K\u1ec2 CHUY\u1ec6N DANH NH\u00c2N VI\u1ec6T NAM Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Cao \u0111\u1eb3ng K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt Cao Th\u1eafng - TP.HCM - Th\u00f4i! Th\u00f4i! C\u1eeda t\u00eda l\u1ea7u v\u00e0ng \u0111\u00e0nh k\u1ebb khu\u1ea5t, \u0111em th\u00e2n b\u00e1ch chi\u1ebfn, \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfng th\u01a1m cho t\u1ecf m\u1eb7t anh h\u00f9ng. S\u00fang \u0111\u1ed3ng g\u01b0\u01a1m b\u1ea1c m\u1eb7c ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f2n, truy\u1ec1n l\u1ec7nh ba qu\u00e2n, th\u00e9t h\u01a1i m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y n\u1ec1n th\u1ecbnh tr\u1ecb. Th\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00f4i l\u00e0 th\u01b0\u01a1ng K\u1ec3 sao si\u1ebft k\u1ec3. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh, anh h\u00f9ng Cao Th\u1eafng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 n\u00eau t\u1ea5m g\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u00e1ng v\u1ec1 t\u1ea5m l\u00f2ng y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e0 c\u00f2n v\u1ec1 tinh th\u1ea7n s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n. V\u00ec l\u1ebd \u0111\u00f3, khi ca ng\u1ee3i cu\u1ed9c kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a c\u1ee5 Phan, nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng qu\u00ean \u00f4ng: Khen thay Cao Th\u1eafng t\u00e0i to L\u1ea5y ngay s\u00fang gi\u1eb7c v\u1ec1 cho l\u00f2 r\u00e8n \u0110\u00eam ng\u00e0y t\u1ec9 m\u1ec9 m\u1edf xem L\u1ea1i th\u00eam c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed9i Quy\u00ean c\u0169ng t\u00e0i 80","T\u1eacP 3: DANH NH\u00c2N KHOA H\u1eccC VI\u1ec6T NAM X\u01b0\u1edfng trong kho ch\u00ed x\u01b0\u1edfng ngo\u00e0i Th\u1ee3 r\u00e8n c\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ec1u m\u1eddi h\u1ed9i c\u00f4ng S\u00fang ta ch\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1eeba xong \u0110em ra m\u00e0 b\u1eafn n\u1ee9c l\u00f2ng l\u1eafm thay B\u1eafn cho ti\u1ec7t gi\u1ed1ng qu\u00e2n T\u00e2y C\u1eady nhi\u1ec1u s\u00fang \u1ed1ng phen n\u00e0y h\u1ebft khoe Hi\u1ec7n nay, tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t ng\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ed3i nh\u1ecf thu\u1ed9c x\u00f3m 6 x\u00e3 S\u01a1n L\u1ec5, huy\u1ec7n H\u01b0\u01a1ng S\u01a1n (H\u00e0 T\u0129nh) c\u00f2n c\u00f3 nh\u00e0 th\u1edd Cao Th\u1eafng, xoay m\u1eb7t v\u1ec1 h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u00f4ng - nam. Nh\u00e0 th\u1edd n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1907. T\u1ea1i Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh c\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng cao \u0111\u1eb3ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt Cao Th\u1eafng, th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp n\u0103m 1906, tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 mang t\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1eddng C\u01a1 kh\u00ed \u00c1 ch\u00e2u. B\u00e1c T\u00f4n \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1eafng t\u1eebng h\u1ecdc tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y. V\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 ng\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea5u tranh ch\u1ed1ng x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 h\u1ecdc sinh noi g\u01b0\u01a1ng anh h\u00f9ng Cao Th\u1eafng. 81","B\u1ed8 S\u00c1CH K\u1ec2 CHUY\u1ec6N DANH NH\u00c2N VI\u1ec6T NAM PHAN HUY CH\u00da Nh\u00e0 b\u00e1ch khoa to\u00e0n th\u01b0 c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XVIII Ti\u1ebfng ve k\u00eau r\u00e2m ran tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng v\u00f2m c\u00e2y xanh bi\u1ebfc. Nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eb7n, tr\u00f4i ch\u1ea3y b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng h\u1ecdc b\u00e0i c\u1ee7a s\u0129 t\u1eed. H\u1ecd \u0111ang ng\u00e0y \u0111\u00eam s\u00f4i kinh n\u1ea5u s\u1eed \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1edd khoa thi s\u1eafp \u0111\u1ebfn. Kh\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ed3ng m\u00f4n kh\u00e1c, ch\u00e0ng thi\u1ebfu ni\u00ean t\u00ean H\u1ea1o v\u1eabn th\u1ea9n th\u01a1 trong l\u00e0ng. Ch\u00e0ng b\u0103ng qua con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed3ng xem b\u00e0 con \u0111ang g\u1eb7t l\u00faa. Xem xong, ch\u00e0ng l\u1ea1i l\u1ea5y gi\u1ea5y ra ghi ghi ch\u00e9p ch\u00e9p. Ch\u1eb3ng ai bi\u1ebft ch\u00e0ng ghi \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec m\u00e0 c\u00e1i t\u00fai nh\u1ecf \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ea7y nh\u1eefng m\u1ea9u gi\u1ea5y. \u0110\u00eam nay, tr\u0103ng s\u00e1ng r\u1ef1c. Nam thanh n\u1eef t\u00fa trong l\u00e0ng l\u1ea1i h\u1eb9n h\u00f2 nhau \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e1p. M\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u c\u00f2n nh\u1ecf, nh\u01b0ng H\u1ea1o c\u0169ng mon men \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 nghe. Sau ti\u1ebfng c\u01b0\u1eddi trong tr\u1ebbo c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng c\u00f4 th\u00f4n n\u1eef, b\u1ed7ng c\u00f3 ti\u1ebfng h\u00e1t c\u1ea5t l\u00ean: - \u0110\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea1o Nam th\u00e0nh ch\u00ed B\u1eafc th\u00e0nh Thi\u00ean trung b\u00e1n nguy\u1ec7t \u0111i\u1ec3m tam tinh Tam nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u1ecda ng\u01b0u v\u00f4 gi\u00e1c Nh\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec3m tam ho\u00e0nh d\u1eef kh\u1ea9u thanh Ch\u00e0ng m\u00e0 gi\u1ea3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebfp \u0111i nhanh theo h\u1ea7u C\u00e2u h\u00e1t o\u00e1i o\u0103m l\u1eafm. H\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9ng ng\u1ea9n t\u00f2 te \u0111\u1ec3 nghe v\u00e0 c\u1ed1 gi\u1ea3ng ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ch\u1eef g\u00ec? Ch\u1ecbu! Ch\u00e0ng \u1ea5m \u1ee9c, t\u1ef1 tr\u00e1ch m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e8n s\u00e1ch l\u00e2u nay, ng\u1ed3i m\u00f2n gh\u1ebf nh\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e0 v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ea3i ngh\u0129a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e2u \u0111\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a c\u00f4 th\u00f4n n\u1eef qu\u00ea m\u00f9a th\u1ea5t h\u1ecdc. \u0110ang suy ngh\u0129 m\u00f4ng lung nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, H\u1ea1o b\u1ed7ng nghe ti\u1ebfng h\u00e1t c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ch\u00e0ng thanh ni\u00ean \u0111\u00e1p l\u1ea1i: - \u201cNh\u1ea5t t\u00e2m ph\u1ee5ng t\u1ec9nh\u201d \u01a1n n\u00e0ng M\u1ed9t l\u1eddi ghi t\u1ea1c \u0111\u00e1 v\u00e0ng th\u1ee7y chung 82","T\u1eacP 3: DANH NH\u00c2N KHOA H\u1eccC VI\u1ec6T NAM A! M\u1ed9t l\u1ed1i chi\u1ebft t\u1ef1 ch\u1eef H\u00e1n th\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o. H\u1ea1o l\u1ea1i l\u00fai h\u00fai ghi ch\u00e9p. Nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfng c\u01b0\u1eddi r\u1ed9 l\u00ean th\u00edch th\u00fa. H\u1ea1o c\u0169ng m\u1ec9m c\u01b0\u1eddi. B\u1ed7ng t\u1eeb \u0111\u1eb1ng sau c\u00f3 b\u00e0n tay ai \u0111\u1eb7t l\u00ean vai ch\u00e0ng v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t gi\u1ecdng n\u00f3i nghi\u00eam ngh\u1ecb vang l\u00ean: - Sao l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e2y? Khoa thi \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eafp t\u1edbi. Sao anh kh\u00f4ng \u1edf nh\u00e0 \u00f4n thi? H\u1ea1o gi\u1eadt m\u00ecnh quay l\u1ea1i. Nh\u1eadn ra th\u1ea7y d\u1ea1y h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 Th\u00e1nh hoa Nguy\u1ec5n D\u01b0\u01a1ng, ch\u00e0ng c\u00fai \u0111\u1ea7u, l\u1ec5 ph\u00e9p th\u01b0a v\u1edbi th\u1ea7y: - B\u1ea9m th\u1ea7y con \u0111ang h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ea5y ch\u1ee9! Th\u1ea7y nghi\u00eam m\u1eb7t: - Anh \u0111\u00f9a v\u1edbi t\u00f4i \u0111\u00f3 sao? Nghe n\u00f3i d\u1ea1o n\u00e0y anh th\u00edch la c\u00e0 n\u01a1i th\u00f4n d\u00e3 l\u1eafm. \u0110\u1ec3 l\u00e0m g\u00ec? \u0110\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc \u00e0? Hay l\u00e0 anh th\u1ea5y \u1edf t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00e1ng h\u1ecdc n\u1eefa? H\u1ea1o kh\u00f4ng d\u00e1m nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o m\u1eb7t th\u1ea7y, ch\u00e0ng v\u00f2ng tay th\u01b0a: - B\u1ea9m th\u1ea7y, ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7y uy\u00ean b\u00e1c, \u0111\u1ea1o h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7y m\u00eanh m\u00f4ng m\u00e0 con c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc m\u00e3i. Nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi trong th\u00f4n d\u00e3, d\u1eabu qu\u00ea m\u00f9a nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu bi\u1ebft s\u00e0ng l\u1ecdc th\u00ec c\u0169ng t\u00ecm ra nh\u1eefng vi\u00ean ng\u1ecdc qu\u00fd. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh kho t\u00e0ng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c th\u1ea7y \u0111\u00e3 truy\u1ec1n cho con th\u00ec nh\u1eefng vi\u00ean ng\u1ecdc n\u00e0y s\u1ebd gi\u00fap cho s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a con phong ph\u00fa h\u01a1n. Th\u1ea7y Nguy\u1ec5n D\u01b0\u01a1ng gi\u1eadt m\u00ecnh. \u00d4ng th\u00e2n m\u1eadt \u0111\u1eb7t tay tr\u00ean vai c\u1eadu h\u1ecdc tr\u00f2 r\u1ed3i n\u00f3i: - Con n\u00f3i \u0111\u00fang. H\u1eadu sinh kh\u1ea3 \u00fay. Con qu\u1ea3 c\u00f3 ch\u00ed h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong thi\u00ean h\u1ea1. V\u1edbi l\u1ed1i h\u1ecdc \u201ckh\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u201d nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, d\u00f9 hi\u1ec3u s\u00e2u, hi\u1ec3u r\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0ng khi \u0111i thi th\u00ec H\u1ea1o ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1eadu\u2026 t\u00fa t\u00e0i! B\u1edfi l\u1ebd, H\u1ea1o kh\u00f4ng h\u1ecdc theo l\u1ed1i h\u1ecdc v\u1eb9t, h\u1ecdc thu\u1ed9c l\u00f2ng, h\u1ecdc nh\u00e3o nh\u01b0 ch\u00e1o m\u00e0 ch\u1eb3ng hi\u1ec3u ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. L\u1ed1i h\u1ecdc n\u00e0y ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi khoa c\u1eed \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e3o c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc. Qu\u1ea3 nhi\u00ean, sau n\u00e0y H\u1ea1o \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed9t di\u1ec7n m\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u0103n h\u00f3a Vi\u1ec7t Nam. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 Phan Huy Ch\u00fa nh\u00e0 b\u00e1c h\u1ecdc, nh\u00e0 b\u00e1ch khoa to\u00e0n th\u01b0, nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 khi m\u1edbi 37 tu\u1ed5i. 83","B\u1ed8 S\u00c1CH K\u1ec2 CHUY\u1ec6N DANH NH\u00c2N VI\u1ec6T NAM Phan Huy Ch\u00fa - t\u1ee9c H\u1ea1o - t\u00ean t\u1ef1 l\u00e0 L\u00e2m Khanh, t\u00ean hi\u1ec7u l\u00e0 Mai Phong sinh n\u0103m 1782 t\u1ea1i l\u00e0ng S\u00e0i G\u00f2n (l\u00e0ng Th\u00e0y) thu\u1ed9c ph\u1ee7 Qu\u1ed1c Oai, tr\u1ea5n S\u01a1n Nam (nay l\u00e0 H\u00e0 T\u00e2y). T\u1ed5 ti\u00ean v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf l\u00e0ng Thu Ho\u1ea1ch, huy\u1ec7n Thi\u00ean L\u1ed9c (Ngh\u1ec7 An) sau m\u1edbi di c\u01b0 ra l\u00e0ng S\u00e0i S\u01a1n. \u00d4ng t\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a chi ph\u00e1i n\u00e0y l\u00e0 Phan Huy C\u1eadn \u0111\u1eadu ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 n\u0103m 1754, con trai l\u00e0 Phan Huy \u00cdch \u0111\u1eadu ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 n\u0103m 1775 v\u00e0 Phan Huy \u00d4n c\u0169ng \u0111\u1eadu ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 n\u0103m 1779. C\u1ea3 ba b\u1ed1 con anh em T\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 b\u00e1c h\u1ecdc c\u00f9ng l\u00e0m quan \u0111\u1ed3ng tri\u1ec1u. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Phan Huy Ch\u00fa (1782-1840) \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi ca ng\u1ee3i: \u201cTam ph\u1ee5 t\u1eed huynh \u0111\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ed3ng tri\u1ec1u\u201d. Phan Huy Ch\u00fa l\u00e0 con trai c\u1ee7a Phan Huy \u00cdch do ch\u1ec9 hai l\u1ea7n thi \u0111\u1eadu t\u00fa t\u00e0i n\u00ean m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u00f4ng K\u00e9p Th\u00e0y. D\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eadu cao nh\u01b0ng Phan Huy Ch\u00fa n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng kh\u1eafp v\u00f9ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi hay ch\u1eef, ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c uy\u00ean b\u00e1c kh\u00f3 c\u00f3 ai s\u00e1nh k\u1ecbp. Thi\u00ean h\u1ea1 truy\u1ec1n t\u1ee5ng c\u00e2u: \u201cS\u00e1u La, Ba Th\u1ea7y\u201d c\u00f3 \u00fd ca ng\u1ee3i \u00f4ng S\u00e1u l\u00e0ng La Khu\u00ea l\u00e0 Ng\u00f4 Th\u1ebf M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 \u00f4ng Ba l\u00e0ng Th\u00e0y l\u00e0 Phan Huy Ch\u00fa. V\u00ec v\u1eady, nghe ti\u1ebfng t\u0103m c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, n\u0103m 1821 vua Minh M\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00e3 tri\u1ec7u \u00f4ng v\u00e0o kinh \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef ch\u1ee9c Bi\u00ean tu tr\u01b0\u1eddng Qu\u1ed1c t\u1eed gi\u00e1m. T\u1ea1i sao Minh M\u1ea1ng m\u1eddi Phan Huy Ch\u00fa l\u00e0m quan d\u00f9 \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ea1t cao? \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1edd s\u1ef1 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c t\u1ef1 h\u1ecdc gh\u00ea g\u1edbm c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng. Ngay t\u1eeb l\u00fac c\u00f2n \u0111i h\u1ecdc, n\u0103m 27 tu\u1ed5i, \u00f4ng b\u1eaft tay v\u00e0o bi\u00ean so\u1ea1n b\u1ed9 s\u00e1ch L\u1ecbch tri\u1ec1u hi\u1ebfn ch\u01b0\u01a1ng lo\u1ea1i ch\u00ed (1) g\u1ed3m 49 quy\u1ec3n. \u0110\u1ebfn nay, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 b\u00e1ch khoa to\u00e0n th\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam. B\u1ed9 s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u00ean so\u1ea1n (1) 120 n\u0103m sau ng\u00e0y \u00f4ng m\u1ea5t, H\u1ed9i s\u1eed h\u1ecdc Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c d\u1ecbch t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m L\u1ecbch tri\u1ec1u hi\u1ebfn ch\u01b0\u01a1ng lo\u1ea1i ch\u00ed ra ch\u1eef Qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef. S\u00e1ch d\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn 1.450 trang, kh\u1ed5 14,5x20cm. 84","T\u1eacP 3: DANH NH\u00c2N KHOA H\u1eccC VI\u1ec6T NAM trong v\u00f2ng 10 n\u0103m, \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1819 th\u00ec ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh. So v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng b\u1ed9 s\u00e1ch c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 Vi\u1ec7t s\u1eed th\u00f4ng gi\u00e1m c\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Qu\u1ed1c s\u1eed qu\u00e1n tri\u1ec1u Nguy\u1ec5n bi\u00ean so\u1ea1n, tuy d\u1ed3i d\u00e0o v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 s\u1eed. C\u00f2n \u1edf b\u1ed9 s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a Phan Huy Ch\u00fa \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00e1c phong ph\u00fa h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u nh\u01b0: ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, kinh t\u1ebf h\u1ecdc, \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd h\u1ecdc, lu\u1eadt h\u1ecdc, v\u0103n h\u1ecdc, ngo\u1ea1i giao, qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 v.v\u2026 So v\u1edbi Ngh\u1ec7 v\u0103n ch\u00ed trong b\u1ed9 \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t th\u00f4ng s\u1eed c\u1ee7a L\u00ea Qu\u00fd \u0110\u00f4n, n\u1ebfu nh\u00e0 b\u00e1c h\u1ecdc h\u1ecd L\u00ea ch\u1ec9 m\u1edbi gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u c\u1ea3 th\u1ea3y 115 b\u1ed9 s\u00e1ch th\u00ec ph\u1ea7n V\u0103n t\u1ecbch ch\u00ed trong L\u1ecbch tri\u1ec1u hi\u1ebfn ch\u01b0\u01a1ng lo\u1ea1i ch\u00ed c\u1ee7a Phan Huy Ch\u00fa \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ebfn 213 b\u1ed9 s\u00e1ch! Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u qua loa \u0111\u1ea1i kh\u00e1i, m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed7i t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 l\u1eddi b\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn, nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t d\u00f9 ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn nh\u01b0ng s\u1eafc s\u1ea3o. V\u00e0 so v\u1edbi V\u00e2n \u0111\u00e0i lo\u1ea1i ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a L\u00ea Qu\u00fd \u0110\u00f4n th\u00ec b\u1ed9 s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng h\u00f3a mang t\u00ednh khoa h\u1ecdc h\u01a1n. Phan Huy Ch\u00fa \u0111\u00e3 chia b\u1ed9 s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh l\u00e0m m\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00f4n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u1ee9c m\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00ed: 1. \t \u0110\u1ecba d\u01b0 ch\u00ed: n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd v\u00e0 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam. 2. \t Nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt ch\u00ed: n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 ti\u1ec3u s\u1eed c\u00e1c vua ch\u00faa, c\u00e1c quan l\u1ea1i, c\u00e1c nho s\u0129, c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u1edbng s\u0129, c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 ti\u1ebft ngh\u0129a, c\u00f3 t\u00ean tu\u1ed5i trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed Vi\u1ec7t Nam. 3. \t Quan ch\u1ee9c ch\u00ed: n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 quan li\u00eau Vi\u1ec7t Nam trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed. 4. \t L\u1ec5 nghi ch\u00ed: n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 nghi v\u1ec7, ph\u1ea9m ph\u1ee5c vua ch\u00faa, quan l\u1ea1i, c\u00e1c l\u1ec5 c\u1ee7a tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh. 5. \t Khoa m\u1ee5c ch\u00ed: n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 khoa c\u1eed v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi thi \u0111\u1eadu ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 tr\u1edf l\u00ean t\u1eeb tri\u1ec1u L\u00ea tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 n\u01b0\u1edbc. 6. \t Qu\u1ed1c d\u1ee5ng ch\u00ed: n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 thu\u1ebf kh\u00f3a v\u00e0 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed. 7. \t H\u00ecnh lu\u1eadt ch\u00ed: n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a tri\u1ec1u L\u00ea. 85","B\u1ed8 S\u00c1CH K\u1ec2 CHUY\u1ec6N DANH NH\u00c2N VI\u1ec6T NAM 8. \t Binh ch\u1ebf ch\u00ed: n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam qua c\u00e1c tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1eeb L\u00ea tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc. 9. \t V\u0103n t\u1ecbch ch\u00ed: n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch ch\u1eef N\u00f4m hay ch\u1eef H\u00e1n c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam t\u1eeb tri\u1ec1u L\u00ea tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc. 10. \tBang giao ch\u00ed: n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch ngo\u1ea1i giao, l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ngo\u1ea1i giao gi\u1eefa Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c. Th\u1eadt kh\u00f3 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u to l\u1edbn nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 do\u2026 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n! H\u01a1n n\u1eefa ngu\u1ed3n t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00fac n\u00e0o c\u0169ng s\u1eb5n c\u00f3. \u00d4ng cho bi\u1ebft trong l\u1eddi T\u1ef1a: \u201cDuy \u0111i\u1ec3n l\u1ec5 c\u00e1c tri\u1ec1u t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 s\u00e1ch s\u1eb5n. Trong qu\u1ed1c s\u1eed bi\u00ean ch\u00e9p c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c h\u1eb1ng n\u0103m v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec3n l\u1ec5 c\u00f2n s\u01a1 l\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u. Hu\u1ed1ng chi t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1786 c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c binh \u0111ao \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1edd, s\u00e1ch c\u0169 tan n\u00e1t, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t \u00edt c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u1ed1 gia th\u1ebf t\u1ed9c c\u1ea5t gi\u1ea5u \u0111i. C\u00e1c s\u00e1ch n\u00e1t v\u1edf c\u0169 c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i bi\u00ean ch\u00e9p l\u1ed9n x\u1ed9n sai l\u1ea7m ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ed1i, c\u00f3 b\u00e0n v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec3n c\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c tri\u1ec1u th\u00ec l\u1edd m\u1edd kh\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o \u0111\u00e2u. V\u1eady th\u1eddi ch\u00e9p l\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u1eaft th\u1ea5y tai nghe, chia ra t\u1eebng vi\u1ec7c t\u1eebng lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch c\u00f3 khu\u00f4n ph\u00e9p h\u00e1 ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 \u01b0?\u201d. Qua l\u1eddi T\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00f4i \u0111i\u1ec1u vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng l\u00e0 \u201cch\u00e9p l\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u1eaft th\u1ea5y tai nghe\u201d, khi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u. Th\u1eadt v\u1eady, \u1edf \u0111o\u1ea1n sau \u00f4ng c\u00f2n cho bi\u1ebft th\u00eam: \u201cNay t\u1ea1m g\u00f3p nh\u1eb7t nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u1eaft th\u1ea5y tai nghe \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap v\u00e0o ch\u1ed7 thi\u1ebfu s\u00f3t\u201d. R\u00f5 r\u00e0ng mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0 v\u1eady th\u00ec ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c ph\u1ea3i uy\u00ean b\u00e1c, ph\u1ea3i g\u00f3p nh\u1eb7t t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u ngu\u1ed3n kh\u00e1c nhau, ph\u1ea3i kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t th\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ecba, \u0111i \u0111i\u1ec1n d\u00e3 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ee9u v.v... \u0110\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f3 nh\u1ecdc n\u00e0y v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1eddi gian to\u00e0n t\u00e2m to\u00e0n \u00fd cho c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c, Phan Huy Ch\u00fa cho bi\u1ebft trong su\u1ed1t m\u01b0\u1eddi n\u0103m vi\u1ebft L\u1ecbch tri\u1ec1u hi\u1ebfn ch\u01b0\u01a1ng lo\u1ea1i ch\u00ed, \u00f4ng b\u1ecf nh\u00e0 v\u00e0o n\u00fai tr\u00fa \u1ea9n nh\u1eb1m tr\u00e1nh kh\u00e1ch kh\u1ee9a, b\u1ea1n b\u00e8 th\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u00e0y v\u1eabn t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ebfn giao du! Th\u1eadm ch\u00ed, \u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u1ea5y ngh\u1ec7 b\u00f4i v\u00e0o m\u1eb7t, tay v\u00e0 \u0111un n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u01a1m nh\u01b0 \u0111ang s\u1eafc thu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1o b\u1ec7nh m\u00e0 tr\u00e1nh b\u1ea1n b\u00e8. Sau th\u1eddi gian vi\u1ebft th\u00ec \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ecdc s\u00e1ch, sau l\u00fac \u0111\u1ecdc s\u00e1ch \u201c\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e0n r\u1ed7i th\u00ec t\u00f9y t\u1eebng lo\u1ea1i kh\u1ea3o x\u00e9t v\u00e0 \u0111\u00ednh ch\u00ednh, c\u00f3 khi ngh\u0129 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec th\u00ec l\u00e0m ra l\u1eddi b\u00e0n\u201d. 86","T\u1eacP 3: DANH NH\u00c2N KHOA H\u1eccC VI\u1ec6T NAM \u0110\u1eb7t l\u00ean tr\u00ean t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y, theo Phan Huy Ch\u00fa th\u00ec tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m g\u00ec? C\u0169ng trong l\u1eddi T\u1ef1a, \u00f4ng vi\u1ebft th\u1eadt x\u00e1c \u0111\u00e1ng: \u201cT\u00f4i nghe, c\u00e1ch h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f9ng m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt th\u00ec ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec3n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c l\u1edbn, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft r\u00f5. Kh\u1ed5ng T\u1eed n\u00f3i: \u201cH\u1ecdc r\u1ed9ng v\u1ec1 v\u0103n\u201d. V\u0103n t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 l\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt x\u01b0a nay, c\u1ed1t y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec3n l\u1ec5 nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc. K\u1ebb h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecdc kinh s\u1eed c\u00f2n c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i x\u00e9t h\u1ecfi s\u00e2u r\u1ed9ng, t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm xa g\u1ea7n, kh\u1ea3o c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u1ea5y l\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i, th\u1ebf m\u1edbi \u0111\u00e1ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc r\u1ed9ng, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eb7t l\u1ea5y t\u1eebng c\u00e2u t\u1eebng \u0111o\u1ea1n, n\u1eb7n ra th\u00e0nh l\u1eddi v\u0103n hoa m\u00e0 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 v\u0103n \u0111\u00e2u!\u201d. Do x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf ngay t\u1eeb thu\u1edf thi\u1ebfu ni\u00ean v\u00e0 ki\u00ean tr\u00ec \u0111eo \u0111u\u1ed5i m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 ra n\u00ean Phan Huy Ch\u00fa \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh khoa h\u1ecdc r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3 s\u1ed9 m\u00e0 nay ch\u00fang ta h\u00e3y c\u00f2n kinh ng\u1ea1c. Kh\u00f4ng kinh ng\u1ea1c sao \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, khi hi\u1ec7n nay, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 T\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n b\u00e1ch khoa Vi\u1ec7t Nam (m\u1edbi ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ebfn 3 t\u1eadp) l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u00e1ng qu\u00fd c\u1ee7a 1.200 nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc trong n\u01b0\u1edbc - \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a \u201cH\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng qu\u1ed1c gia ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o so\u1ea1n t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n b\u00e1ch khoa Vi\u1ec7t Nam\u201d - nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 thi\u1ebfu s\u00f3t! Khoan so s\u00e1nh v\u1ec1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y m\u00e0 th\u1eadt ra so s\u00e1nh bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng kh\u1eadp khi\u1ec5ng, ch\u1ec9 ri\u00eang v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u201cnh\u00e2n s\u1ef1\u201d th\u00ec c\u00f4ng s\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i m\u1ed9t Phan Huy Ch\u00fa khi\u1ebfn ta c\u00e0ng kinh ng\u1ea1c v\u00e0 c\u00fai \u0111\u1ea7u kh\u00e2m ph\u1ee5c cho s\u1ee9c lao \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ec1n b\u1ec9, ki\u00ean tr\u00ec c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng. Cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay, b\u1ed9 s\u00e1ch b\u00e1ch khoa to\u00e0n th\u01b0 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng thi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi mu\u1ed1n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn v\u0103n h\u00f3a, l\u1ecbch s\u1eed... c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u00e0. N\u0103m 1960, khi t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c d\u1ecbch b\u1ed9 s\u00e1ch qu\u00fd n\u00e0y, H\u1ed9i S\u1eed h\u1ecdc Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00e2n tr\u1ecdng ghi nh\u1eadn: \u201cTrong kho t\u00e0ng th\u01b0 t\u1ecbch Vi\u1ec7t Nam, n\u1ebfu tr\u01b0\u1edbc kia c\u00f3 b\u00e1ch khoa to\u00e0n th\u01b0, th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng L\u1ecbch tri\u1ec1u hi\u1ebfn ch\u01b0\u01a1ng lo\u1ea1i ch\u00ed l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 b\u00e1ch khoa to\u00e0n th\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam, l\u00e0 c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t kho t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c khoa h\u1ecdc x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i... L\u1ecbch tri\u1ec1u hi\u1ebfn ch\u01b0\u01a1ng lo\u1ea1i ch\u00ed kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 s\u00e1ch c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb khoa h\u1ecdc. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t ch\u00fa \u00fd l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 s\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u1eefa. T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 s\u00e1ch th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 l\u1ebd c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 l\u00fd th\u00fa nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u1edf ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 ru\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam\u201d. 87","B\u1ed8 S\u00c1CH K\u1ec2 CHUY\u1ec6N DANH NH\u00c2N VI\u1ec6T NAM C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i, Phan Huy Ch\u00fa nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u th\u00ec r\u1ea5t gi\u1ecfi, nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0m quan th\u00ec\u2026 l\u1eadn \u0111\u1eadn. N\u0103m 1821, khi l\u00e0m quan \u1edf Hu\u1ebf, \u00f4ng d\u00e2ng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m L\u1ecbch tri\u1ec1u hi\u1ebfn ch\u01b0\u01a1ng lo\u1ea1i ch\u00ed l\u00ean vua Minh M\u1ea1ng th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vua th\u01b0\u1edfng 30 l\u1ea1ng b\u1ea1c, 1 \u00e1o sa, 30 c\u00e1i b\u00fat v\u00e0 30 th\u1ecfi m\u1ef1c. N\u0103m 1825 \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sung s\u1ee9 b\u1ed9 sang Trung Qu\u1ed1c, sau khi v\u1ec1 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m Ph\u1ee7 th\u1eeba ph\u1ee7 Th\u1eeba Thi\u00ean, r\u1ed3i l\u00e0m Hi\u1ec7p tr\u1ea5n Qu\u1ea3ng Nam. N\u0103m 1831, \u00f4ng l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eed \u0111i s\u1ee9 nh\u00e0 Thanh, nh\u01b0ng khi tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 l\u1ea1i b\u1ecb gi\u00e1ng ch\u1ee9c! Sau, \u00f4ng l\u1ea1i b\u1ecb b\u1eaft \u0111i c\u00f4ng c\u00e1n \u1edf Giang L\u01b0u Ba (t\u1ee9c In\u0111\u00f4n\u00eaxia ng\u00e0y nay). Trong chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i n\u00e0y \u00f4ng ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh t\u1eadp ghi ch\u00e9p D\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh k\u00fd ki\u1ebfn v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u1eaft th\u1ea5y tai nghe m\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 khoa h\u1ecdc k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt! Quay v\u1ec1 \u00f4ng l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ee5c ch\u1ee9c T\u01b0 v\u1ee5 b\u1ed9 C\u00f4ng. C\u00f3 l\u1ebd, do ch\u00e1n ng\u00e1n c\u1ea3nh \u201cl\u00ean voi xu\u1ed1ng ch\u00f3\u201d \u1edf quan tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00ean \u00f4ng l\u1ea5y c\u1edb \u0111au ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 xin t\u1eeb quan, lui v\u1ec1 l\u00e0ng Thanh Mai, huy\u1ec7n Ti\u00ean Phong, t\u1ec9nh S\u01a1n T\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ea1y h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft s\u00e1ch. Nh\u1edd v\u1eady, di s\u1ea3n v\u0103n h\u00f3a n\u01b0\u1edbc ta ng\u00e0y nay m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u00eam t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m kh\u00f4ng k\u00e9m ph\u1ea7n gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb l\u00e0 Ho\u00e0ng Vi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ecba d\u01b0 ch\u00ed, ch\u00e9p chu \u0111\u00e1o v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd n\u01b0\u1edbc ta m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ecba d\u01b0 \u0111\u1eddi Minh M\u1ea1ng. Nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Phan \u0110\u0103ng khi d\u1ecbch t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0y ra ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t (NXB Thu\u1eadn H\u00f3a 1997) \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t: \u201cl\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 s\u00e1ch c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ecba d\u01b0 m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u0103n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 s\u1eed h\u1ecdc n\u1eefa. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 s\u00e1ch thu\u1ed9c lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecba d\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc phong ki\u1ebfn tri\u1ec1u Nguy\u1ec5n c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u00ec th\u1ebf m\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c in s\u1edbm trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y v\u00e0o th\u1eddi Nguy\u1ec5n. Qua Ho\u00e0ng Vi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ecba d\u01b0 ch\u00ed, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi sau ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u00ecnh dung 88","T\u1eacP 3: DANH NH\u00c2N KHOA H\u1eccC VI\u1ec6T NAM ra h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c h\u00e0nh ch\u00e1nh, v\u1ec1 n\u00fai s\u00f4ng th\u1eafng t\u00edch, ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p, t\u1eadp qu\u00e1n, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 c\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ef1c Vi\u1ec7t Nam th\u1eddi Minh M\u1ea1ng, m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi c\u1ef1c th\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a tri\u1ec1u Nguy\u1ec5n\u201d. Ngo\u00e0i ra Phan Huy Ch\u00fa c\u00f2n vi\u1ebft Hoa thi\u1ec1u ng\u00e2m l\u1ee5c, Hoa thi\u1ec1u t\u1ee5c ng\u00e2m, L\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec3n y\u1ebfu th\u00f4ng lu\u1eadn, H\u1ea3i tr\u00ecnh ch\u00ed l\u01b0\u1ee3c. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u1ea1 l\u00f9ng \u1edf Phan Huy Ch\u00fa l\u00e0 ngo\u00e0i b\u1ed9 \u00f3c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i minh b\u1ea1ch r\u1ed3i h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng h\u00f3a m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u m\u00e0 H\u1ed9i S\u1eed h\u1ecdc Vi\u1ec7t Nam ng\u00e0y nay \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u201ctr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft l\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb khoa h\u1ecdc\u201d th\u00ec \u00f4ng l\u1ea1i c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3\u2026 m\u01a1 m\u1ed9ng! Kh\u00f4ng m\u01a1 m\u1ed9ng sao \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, khi m\u00e0 \u0111i s\u1ee9 ra n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng t\u1eadp th\u01a1 nh\u01b0 Hoa thi\u1ec1u ng\u00e2m l\u1ee5c, Hoa tr\u00ecnh t\u1ee5c ng\u00e2m tr\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea7y c\u1ea3m x\u00fac. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nghe h\u1ed3i chu\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5 trong \u0111\u00eam m\u01b0a \u1edf H\u00e0ng Ch\u00e2u (Trung Qu\u1ed1c) \u00f4ng ch\u1ea1nh l\u00f2ng ph\u00f3ng b\u00fat m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u00e0i hoa: H\u00e0ng Ch\u00e2u ng\u00e0n d\u1eb7m n\u1ed5i tr\u00f4i Nam quan nh\u00ecn l\u1ea1i xa x\u00f4i m\u1ea5y tr\u00f9ng M\u01b0a \u0111\u00eam, h\u1ed3i nh\u1ea1n l\u1ea1nh l\u00f9ng Chu\u00f4ng ng\u00e2n v\u00e0i ti\u1ebfng kh\u01a1i l\u00f2ng nh\u1edb qu\u00ea Nh\u00e0 b\u00e1c h\u1ecdc Phan Huy Ch\u00fa m\u1ea5t ng\u00e0y 27 th\u00e1ng t\u01b0 n\u0103m Canh Th\u00e2n (28\/5\/1840), th\u1ecd 59 xu\u00e2n. Sau khi nh\u00e0 b\u00e1c h\u1ecdc L\u00ea Qu\u00fd \u0110\u00f4n m\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 2 n\u0103m th\u00ec Phan Huy Ch\u00fa m\u1edbi ch\u00e0o \u0111\u1eddi. V\u00e0 \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ed5i l\u00ean nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 b\u00e1ch khoa to\u00e0n th\u01b0 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ed5 th\u1eb9n khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi sau x\u1ebfp c\u1ea1nh L\u00ea Qu\u00fd \u0110\u00f4n. 89","B\u1ed8 S\u00c1CH K\u1ec2 CHUY\u1ec6N DANH NH\u00c2N VI\u1ec6T NAM NGUY\u1ec4N T\u1eec SI\u00caU T\u00e2m \u0111\u1ee9c v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi V\u0103n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 y h\u1ecdc d\u00f9 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c nhau, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1u xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb con ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch v\u00ec con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. V\u0103n h\u1ecdc c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i linh h\u1ed3n, c\u00f2n y h\u1ecdc ch\u0103m s\u00f3c th\u00e2n x\u00e1c. Tr\u00ean con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p l\u00fac v\u00e0o \u0111\u1eddi, c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang h\u1ecdc y khoa nh\u01b0ng sau \u0111\u00f3 chuy\u1ec3n qua ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u0103n h\u1ecdc. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn v\u0103n h\u00e0o L\u1ed7 T\u1ea5n. N\u0103m 1906, nh\u00e2n xem phim chi\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 Nga - Nh\u1eadt th\u1ea5y l\u00ednh Nh\u1eadt ch\u00e9m \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e2n Trung Qu\u1ed1c b\u1ecb t\u00ecnh L\u01b0\u01a1ng y Nguy\u1ec5n T\u1eed Si\u00eau nghi l\u00e0 gi\u00e1n \u0111i\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a Nga, th\u1ebf m\u00e0 (1898-1965) nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ee9ng quanh ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn l\u1ea1i d\u1eefng d\u01b0ng v\u00f4 s\u1ef1. Ch\u00e0ng sinh vi\u00ean y khoa L\u1ed7 T\u1ea5n b\u1ecb x\u00fac ph\u1ea1m d\u1eef d\u1ed9i v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c ra r\u1eb1ng, d\u00e2n m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n c\u00f2n nhu nh\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00ec c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 kho\u1ebb m\u1ea1nh, c\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00e1ng c\u0169ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1edbn h\u00e8n, v\u00f4 d\u1ee5ng. Do \u0111\u00f3, \u00f4ng b\u1ecf h\u1ecdc ng\u00e0nh y \u0111\u1ec3 sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1 x\u01b0\u1edbng ra phong tr\u00e0o v\u0103n ngh\u1ec7 m\u1edbi. Ho\u1eb7c nh\u00e0 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Nguy\u1ec5n An Ninh, n\u0103m 1916 ra H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i h\u1ecdc Cao \u0111\u1eb3ng Y D\u01b0\u1ee3c, nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tin Phan X\u00edch Long kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a b\u1eb1ng g\u01b0\u01a1m \u0111ao v\u00e0 b\u00f9a ph\u00e9p n\u00ean b\u1ecb gi\u1eb7c Ph\u00e1p d\u00ecm trong m\u00e1u, \u00f4ng \u00fd th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c khi 90","T\u1eacP 3: DANH NH\u00c2N KHOA H\u1eccC VI\u1ec6T NAM t\u00e2m tr\u00ed c\u00f2n m\u00ea mu\u1ed9i th\u00ec s\u1ef1 ch\u1eefa tr\u1ecb th\u00e2n x\u00e1c c\u0169ng v\u00f4 ngh\u0129a. V\u00ec v\u1eady \u0111ang h\u1ecdc y, \u00f4ng b\u1ecf n\u1eeda ch\u1eebng, chuy\u1ec3n qua h\u1ecdc lu\u1eadt r\u1ed3i ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng, v\u1eabn c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3 hai l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c y h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00e0o Tchekhop, thi s\u0129 Nguy\u1ec5n \u0110\u00ecnh Chi\u1ec3u v.v\u2026 Trong s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng danh nh\u00e2n n\u00e0y ch\u00fang ta c\u00f2n nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ea7y thu\u1ed1c Nguy\u1ec5n T\u1eed Si\u00eau. \u00d4ng t\u00ean th\u1eadt l\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u1ecdng Tho\u00e1t sinh ng\u00e0y 5.8 n\u0103m M\u1eadu Tu\u1ea5t (1898) t\u1ea1i l\u00e0ng Ng\u00e1i, x\u00e3 H\u01b0\u01a1ng Ng\u00e3i, huy\u1ec7n Th\u1ea1ch Th\u1ea5t (H\u00e0 T\u00e2y) trong m\u1ed9t gia \u0111\u00ecnh Nho h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc. Th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng l\u1edbn l\u00ean khi n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ea5t nh\u00e0 tan. Ng\u1ecdn gi\u00f3 T\u00e2y h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ed5i d\u1ea1t nh\u1eefng trang s\u00e1ch ch\u1eef H\u00e1n \u1edf c\u1eeda Kh\u1ed5ng s\u00e2n Tr\u00ecnh. Nh\u1eefng b\u1eadc t\u00fac nho nh\u01b0 \u00d4ng \u0111\u1ed3 trong th\u01a1 V\u0169 \u0110\u00ecnh Li\u00ean c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n \u0111em n\u00e9t ch\u1eef \u201cnh\u01b0 ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00faa r\u1ed3ng bay\u201d ra b\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i ch\u1ee3 \u0111\u1eddi x\u00f4 b\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ebfm s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1eafp \u0111\u1ed5i qua ng\u00e0y\u2026 Ngay c\u1ea3 c\u00f4 b\u00e1n s\u00e1ch Th\u00e1nh hi\u1ec1n c\u0169ng m\u1ecfi m\u1ec7t \u201clim dim ng\u1ee7\u201d trong th\u01a1 T\u00fa X\u01b0\u01a1ng. Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u1ebfn th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c d\u00f9i m\u00e0i kinh s\u1eed, sau \u0111\u00f3, \u0111i thi v\u1edbi m\u01a1 \u01b0\u1edbc \u201cng\u1ef1a anh \u0111i tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00f5ng n\u00e0ng theo sau\u201d n\u1eefa. D\u00f9 v\u1eady th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 Nguy\u1ec5n T\u1eed Si\u00eau, Cao Xu\u00e2n Huy, Ph\u1ea1m Thi\u1ec1u, L\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u0103n Can\u2026 c\u0169ng m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n l\u1ec1u ch\u1ecfng. Th\u00e1ng 10\/1915, h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ef1 thi Tam tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u1edf Nam \u0110\u1ecbnh \u2013 khoa thi cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 thi c\u1eed ch\u1eef H\u00e1n. Sau \u0111\u00f3, kh\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 nho kh\u00e1c quay v\u1ec1 l\u00e0ng ki\u1ebfm s\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi ngh\u1ec1 \u201cnho, y, l\u00fd, s\u1ed1\u201d, h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi chuy\u1ec3n sang h\u1ecdc ch\u1eef Qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef \u0111\u1ec3 theo k\u1ecbp v\u1edbi tr\u00e0o l\u01b0u m\u1edbi. Nguy\u1ec5n T\u1eed Si\u00eau c\u0169ng v\u1eady... Th\u1eddi cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i. L\u00e0m g\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap \u00edch cho \u0111\u1eddi? Ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc ch\u1eef Qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef, \u00f4ng lao v\u00e0o nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u s\u00e1ch thu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ed1c thu\u1ed1c c\u1ee9u d\u00e2n, r\u1ed3i m\u1edf tr\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ea1y h\u1ecdc. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c m\u00e0 \u00f4ng t\u00e2m \u0111\u1eafc nh\u1ea5t v\u1eabn l\u00e0 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n ch\u00ed h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh tr\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u0103n tr\u1eadn b\u00fat \u1edf H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i. T\u1eeb n\u0103m 1928 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1930,Nguy\u1ec5n T\u1eed Si\u00eau \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft 5 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ec9nh n\u00fai c\u00e0nh mai, V\u1ee3 ai, L\u00fd Nam \u0110\u1ebf, Mai H\u1eafc \u0110\u1ebf, H\u1ed3 H\u1ea3i duy\u00ean v\u0103n. Trong \u0111\u00f3, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1nh th\u1ee9c ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 c\u00e1i nh\u1ee5c m\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc. V\u00ec l\u1ebd \u0111\u00f3, th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p ra l\u1ec7nh c\u1ea5m l\u01b0u h\u00e0nh t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng. Sau \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00fang bu\u1ed9c \u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 qu\u00ea v\u00e0 ch\u1ecbu ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 qu\u1ea3n th\u00fac, m\u1ed7i th\u00e1ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00ean tr\u00ecnh di\u1ec7n tri huy\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n. Kh\u00f4ng n\u1ea3n ch\u00ed, \u00f4ng l\u1ea1i m\u1edf tr\u01b0\u1eddng 91","B\u1ed8 S\u00c1CH K\u1ec2 CHUY\u1ec6N DANH NH\u00c2N VI\u1ec6T NAM d\u1ea1y h\u1ecdc, nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 thu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c vi\u1ebft s\u00e1ch. Ch\u1eafn ch\u1eafn, \u00f4ng l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 v\u0103n Vi\u1ec7t Nam vi\u1ebft ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn Ti\u1ebfng s\u1ea5m \u0111\u00eam \u0111\u00f4ng (1928), \u0110inh Ti\u00ean Ho\u00e0ng (1929), Vua B\u1ed1 C\u00e1i (1929), L\u00ea \u0110\u1ea1i H\u00e0nh (1929), Tr\u1ea7n Nguy\u00ean chi\u1ebfn k\u1ef7(1935), Vi\u1ec7t Thanh chi\u1ebfn s\u1eed (1935), Hai B\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u1eb7c (1936) v.v\u2026 T\u1ed5ng c\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 tr\u00ean 30 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m. Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Nguy\u1ec5n Hu\u1ec7 Chi v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u V\u0169 Thanh nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh: \u201cV\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p l\u1edbn lao cho vi\u1ec7c kh\u00edch l\u1ec7 l\u00f2ng y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, cho s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i v\u0103n h\u1ecdc l\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd c\u00f2n m\u1edbi m\u1ebb \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam; Th\u1ee7 b\u00fat c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n T\u1eed Si\u00eau c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a ch\u1eef Qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef n\u00f3i chung v\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef n\u00f3i ri\u00eang, nh\u1eefng s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n T\u1eed Si\u00eau trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 1925-1936 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 d\u1eebng \u1edf th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft l\u1ecbch s\u1eed m\u00e0 c\u00f2n g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a v\u0103n h\u1ecdc n\u00f3i chung v\u00e0 ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i n\u00f3i ri\u00eang\u201d. C\u00f2n nh\u00e0 v\u0103n T\u00f4 Ho\u00e0i cho bi\u1ebft khi nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n T\u1eed Si\u00eau n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng th\u00ec t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 D\u1ebf m\u00e8n phi\u00eau l\u01b0u k\u00fd m\u1edbi c\u00f2n \u0111ang h\u1ecdc ti\u1ec3u h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 \u201c\u0110\u1ea5y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c, m\u00e0 v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n n\u1ed9i dung, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a suy ngh\u0129 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i v\u1ec1 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc\u201d. Th\u1eadt \u0111\u00e1ng kh\u00e2m ph\u1ee5c cho s\u1ee9c l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng. V\u00ec ngo\u00e0i chuy\u1ec7n vi\u1ebft v\u0103n, \u00f4ng c\u00f2n d\u1ea1y h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft, d\u1ecbch s\u00e1ch thu\u1ed1c. Th\u1eadt c\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9ng khi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf l\u1ee9a tu\u1ed5i \u201cc\u1ed5 lai hy\u201d m\u00e0 nay v\u1eabn c\u00f2n nh\u1edb nh\u01b0 in b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 1930 khi h\u1ecdc \u1edf H\u01b0\u01a1ng Ng\u00e3i h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1edbi th\u1ea7y Nguy\u1ec5n T\u1eed Si\u00eau: Cha m\u1eb9 c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c sinh th\u00e0nh Ra tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ea7y d\u1ea1y h\u1ecdc h\u00e0nh cho hay 92","T\u1eacP 3: DANH NH\u00c2N KHOA H\u1eccC VI\u1ec6T NAM Mu\u1ed1n kh\u00f4n th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 th\u1ea7y Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea7y d\u1ea1y d\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ed1 m\u00e0y l\u00e0m n\u00ean M\u01b0\u1eddi n\u0103m luy\u1ec7n t\u1eadp s\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e8n C\u00f4ng \u01a1n g\u1eb7p b\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1edb qu\u00ean \u01a1n th\u1ea7y Tr\u1ecdng th\u1ea7y m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m th\u1ea7y Nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ed9i b\u1ea1c sau n\u00e0y ra chi Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 l\u1ebd, \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p l\u1edbn lao nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n T\u1eed Si\u00eau v\u1eabn l\u00e0 \u1edf l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u y h\u1ecdc. Trong t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m T\u1eed Si\u00eau y tho\u1ea1i, \u1edf ph\u1ea7n kinh nghi\u1ec7m h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp, \u00f4ng cho bi\u1ebft: \u201cT\u00f4i l\u00e0m thu\u1ed1c ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 h\u1ecdc, v\u1edb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed9 n\u00e0o l\u00e0 h\u1ecdc ngay b\u1ed9 \u1ea5y, kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft n\u00ean h\u1ecdc b\u1ed9 n\u00e0o tr\u01b0\u1edbc, b\u1ed9 n\u00e0o sau. Sau khi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecdc qua m\u1ea5y b\u1ed9 nh\u01b0 Th\u1ecb Th\u1ebf b\u1ea3o nguy\u00ean, V\u1ea1n b\u1ec7nh h\u1ed3i xu\u00e2n, Th\u1ea1ch th\u1ea5t b\u00ed l\u1ee5c v.v\u2026 m\u1edbi m\u01b0\u1ee3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed9 Th\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u00e0n lu\u1eadn thi\u1ec3n ch\u00fa c\u1ee7a Tr\u1ea7n Tu Vi\u00ean. \u0110\u1ecdc th\u1ea5y t\u1eebng ch\u1eef, t\u1eebng c\u00e2u \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 bao h\u00e0m m\u1ed9t \u00fd ngh\u0129a r\u1ea5t s\u00e2u, kh\u00e1c h\u1eb3n v\u1edbi lo\u1ea1i s\u00e1ch m\u00e0 m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecdc qua m\u1ea5y n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc li\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e2m ra say m\u00ea. Su\u1ed1t n\u0103m, su\u1ed1t th\u00e1ng kh\u00f4ng m\u1ea5y l\u00fac l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u th\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u00e0n. T\u00f4i l\u1ea1i theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ecdc s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a Chu Hy: ch\u00e9p ri\u00eang ch\u00ednh v\u0103n ra, \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111i, \u0111\u1ecdc l\u1ea1i t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh suy ngh\u0129, bao gi\u1edd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00ec m\u1edbi gi\u1edf \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i ra \u0111\u1ec3 coi. T\u00f4i c\u1ee9 nghi\u1ec1n ng\u1eabm nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf t\u1edbi hai, ba n\u0103m. M\u00e3i t\u1edbi n\u0103m 1935,1936 t\u00f4i m\u1edbi mua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed9 N\u1ed9i kinh do M\u00e3 Huy\u1ec1n \u0110\u00e0i v\u00e0 Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ea8n Am ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i. Trong th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ecdc N\u1ed9i kinh th\u00ec tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c ch\u00e1n nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ecdc c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i s\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c. Nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 sau khi \u0111\u1ecdc thi\u00ean D\u1ecb ph\u00e1p ph\u01b0\u01a1ng nghi lu\u1eadn trong T\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n th\u00ec t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1ea1i t\u1ef1 th\u1ea5y kh\u00e1c h\u1eb3n. Trong \u0111\u1ea7u \u00f3c bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng l\u1edfn v\u1edfn m\u1ea5y v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1: n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t m\u00ecnh \u1edf v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Nam, \u1edf v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng gi\u1eefa \u00f4n \u0111\u1edbi v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi; con ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00f9y th\u1ed5 nghi, kh\u00ed h\u1eadu m\u00e0 ph\u00fa b\u1ea9m kh\u00e1c, \u0111\u00e3 do th\u1ed5 nghi, kh\u00ed h\u1eadu m\u00e0 ph\u00fa b\u1ea9m kh\u00e1c n\u00ean nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ph\u00e1t b\u1ec7nh c\u0169ng kh\u00e1c; do nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ph\u00e1t b\u1ec7nh kh\u00e1c n\u00ean ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 d\u1ee5ng d\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea5t c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i kh\u00e1c\u201d. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng khi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 y h\u1ecdc. Tinh th\u1ea7n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7y thu\u1ed1c Nguy\u1ec5n T\u1eed Si\u00eau th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n kh\u00e1 r\u00f5 \u1edf ch\u1ed7: \u201cNg\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea7y l\u00e0m thu\u1ed1c ch\u1eefa b\u1ec7nh, kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng c\u00f3 h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt tinh t\u01b0\u1eddng, kh\u00f4ng sao nh\u00e3ng thuy\u1ebft c\u1ed5, m\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00e2u n\u1ec7 thuy\u1ebft c\u1ed5, l\u1ea1i c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1edfm l\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edbi n\u1eafm v\u1eefng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng, kh\u1ecfi th\u1ea5y s\u00f3ng c\u1ea3 93","B\u1ed8 S\u00c1CH K\u1ec2 CHUY\u1ec6N DANH NH\u00c2N VI\u1ec6T NAM m\u00e0 r\u00e3 tay ch\u00e8o\u201d; v\u00e0 \u201cB\u1ec7nh t\u00ecnh thi\u00ean bi\u1ebfn v\u1ea1n h\u00f3a, ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m thu\u1ed1c c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i thi\u00ean bi\u1ebfn v\u1ea1n ho\u00e1. Theo th\u1eddi theo ch\u1ee9ng, c\u1ee9u t\u1ec7 b\u1ed5 thi\u00ean, nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc tuy nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, m\u00e0 b\u1ec7nh t\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh\u2026 ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee9 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn ho\u00e1 c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh t\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sao?\u201d. T\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh c\u1ee9u ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n qua c\u00e2u: B\u1ea5t tr\u00ed thi\u00ean, \u0111\u1ecba, nh\u00e2n, b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 d\u1eef y ng\u00f4n; B\u1ea5t tr\u00ed Nho, Ph\u1eadt, Ti\u00ean, b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 d\u1eef y ng\u00f4n. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0: kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 tr\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea5t, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea1o Nho, \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 th\u00e1nh hi\u1ec1n th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng b\u00e0n v\u1ec1 y h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. V\u1ec1 m\u1ea3ng s\u00e1ch nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u y h\u1ecdc, trong th\u01b0 m\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 th\u1ea9y 71 quy\u1ec3n \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n \u2013 do \u00f4ng v\u1eeba bi\u00ean so\u1ea1n, v\u1eeba d\u1ecbch thu\u1eadt r\u00f2ng r\u00e3 trong v\u00f2ng 30 n\u0103m tr\u1eddi (1931-1965). Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn lo\u1ea1i s\u00e1ch m\u00e0 \u00f4ng bi\u00ean so\u1ea1n l\u00e0 Y h\u1ecdc t\u00f9ng th\u01b0, Khoa thu\u1ed1c tr\u1ebb em, Khoa thu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0, Tinh d\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i ngh\u0129a, S\u00e1ch thu\u1ed1c s\u1edfi \u0111\u1eadu, Nh\u1eadt hoa y h\u1ecdc, Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc tr\u1ecb li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a \u0110\u00f4ng y v.v... ho\u1eb7c lo\u1ea1i s\u00e1ch d\u1ecbch nh\u01b0 Ho\u00e0ng \u0110\u1ebf n\u1ed9i kinh t\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n, H\u1ea3i Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng quy\u1ec1n thu, Ho\u00e0ng \u0110\u1ebf n\u1ed9i kinh linh khu, Ch\u00e2m c\u1ee9u l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng tr\u1ecb li\u1ec7u h\u1ecdc v.v\u2026 L\u01b0\u01a1ng y Nguy\u1ec5n Thi\u00ean T\u00edch - Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed9i Y h\u1ecdc c\u1ed5 truy\u1ec1n Vi\u1ec7t Nam - kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh: \u201cC\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e3 v\u1eaft h\u1ebft ru\u1ed9t gan, moi t\u1eadn \u0111\u00e1y l\u00f2ng... d\u00e0nh to\u00e0n t\u00e2m to\u00e0n \u00fd hi\u1ebfn d\u00e2ng cho ngh\u1ec1 thu\u1ed1c, l\u00fac n\u00e0o c\u0169ng mu\u1ed1n d\u00e0nh h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c m\u00ecnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc thu\u1eadt cho nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ef1ng ng\u1ecdn c\u1edd H\u1ed3ng cho ng\u00e0nh y\u201d; v\u00e0 \u00f4ng Nguy\u1ec5n Do\u00e3n Thu\u1eadt - b\u00ed th\u01b0 huy\u1ec7n u\u1ef7 Th\u1ea1ch Th\u1ea5t cho bi\u1ebft: \u201cNhi\u1ec1u l\u01b0\u01a1ng y c\u00f3 t\u00e0i n\u0103ng v\u00e0 n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng kinh nghi\u1ec7m qu\u00fd gi\u00e1 trong nh\u1eefng b\u1ed9 s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y\u201d. T\u00e2m huy\u1ebft v\u1edbi ngh\u1ec1 n\u00ean cho d\u00f9 cu\u1ed1i \u0111\u1eddi, \u1edf x\u1ea5p x\u1ec9 tu\u1ed5i 70, Nguy\u1ec5n T\u1eed Si\u00eau c\u0169ng d\u00e0nh t\u00e2m l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 vi\u1ebft t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m T\u1eed Si\u00eau y tho\u1ea1i \u2013 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y l\u1ea1i kinh nghi\u1ec7m \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp l\u00e0m thu\u1ed1c \u2013 g\u1ed3m 204 \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 \u00f4ng thu th\u1eadp trong su\u1ed1t m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eddi t\u00e2m huy\u1ebft v\u1edbi ngh\u1ec1. Ngay trong \u0111i\u1ec1u 1 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 y \u0111\u1ea1o, \u00f4ng vi\u1ebft: \u201cM\u1ed9t danh y tri\u1ec1u M\u00e3n Thanh b\u00ean Trung Qu\u1ed1c th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00f3i: \u201cNg\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea7y thu\u1ed1c n\u00ean c\u00f3 t\u1ea5m l\u00f2ng coi \u1edf \u0111\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt n\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eefa kh\u1ecfi; s\u1edf d\u0129 c\u00f3 b\u1ec7nh kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eefa kh\u1ecfi, \u0111\u1ec1u do m\u00ecnh ch\u01b0a h\u1ebft l\u00f2ng \u0111\u00f3 th\u00f4i\u201d. H\u1ea3i Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng L\u00e3n \u00d4ng c\u0169ng vi\u1ebft \u1edf b\u00e0i Ti\u1ec3u d\u1eabn trong t\u1eadp \u00c2m \u00e1n: \u201cNg\u01b0\u1eddi ta 94","T\u1eacP 3: DANH NH\u00c2N KHOA H\u1eccC VI\u1ec6T NAM khi \u1ed1m \u0111au, \u0111em c\u1ea3 t\u00ednh m\u1ea1ng g\u1eedi v\u00e0o trong tay ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea7y thu\u1ed1c. N\u1ebfu g\u1eb7p b\u1ec7nh bi\u1ebfn kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n m\u00e0 khoanh tay t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eefa, th\u00ec \u0111\u1eddi c\u00f2n qu\u00fd chi ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea7y thu\u1ed1c \u1ea5y n\u1eefa. V\u1eady d\u00f9 bi\u1ebft b\u1ec7nh ch\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i, c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 n\u00ean b\u1ea3o nh\u1ecf cho gia \u0111\u00ecnh b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n bi\u1ebft, c\u00f2n t\u1ef1 b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n \u00f4ng th\u1ea7y c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u suy ngh\u0129, ho\u1ea1 may c\u00f2n c\u1ee9u v\u00e3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o, tuy\u1ec7t nhi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean \u201cth\u1ea5y s\u00f3ng c\u1ea3 m\u00e0 r\u00e3 tay ch\u00e8o\u201d. Xem hai c\u00e2u n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a hai v\u1ecb tr\u00ean, th\u1eadt \u0111\u00e1ng l\u00e0 danh y\u201d. Trong cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi t\u00f4n H\u1ea3i Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng L\u00e3n \u00d4ng l\u00e0m th\u1ea7y, Nguy\u1ec5n T\u1eed Si\u00eau c\u0169ng ph\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ea5u nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. H\u1ecdc t\u1eadp g\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ea7y, \u00f4ng c\u0169ng ghi l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng kinh nghi\u1ec7m l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng b\u1eadc danh y kh\u00e1c. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng \u201cca\u201d b\u1ec7nh m\u00e0 \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb: \u201cN\u0103m 1960, t\u00f4i t\u1ea3n c\u01b0 sang l\u00e0ng Mai \u0110\u00ecnh, huy\u1ec7n Hi\u1ec7p Ho\u00e0 (B\u1eafc Giang) ch\u1eefa m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 T\u1ea1 Th\u1ecb H\u00e0o 39 tu\u1ed5i. M\u1edbi \u0111\u1ebb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hai ng\u00e0y, \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y th\u1ee9 ba b\u1ed7ng d\u01b0ng n\u00f3ng s\u1ed1t, k\u00eau la r\u1ea7m r\u0129 ch\u1ea1y \u0111i kh\u1eafp x\u00f3m, \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh h\u1eb3n l\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng cu\u1ed3ng. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u00e0 b\u1eaft v\u1ec1 tr\u00f3i trong bu\u1ed3ng k\u00edn, \u0111\u1ebfn s\u00e1ng h\u00f4m sau \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ee1 k\u00eau, \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1eddi t\u00f4i kh\u00e1m b\u1ec7nh. Khi \u0111\u00f3, t\u00f4i tuy t\u1ea3n c\u01b0, nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn c\u00f3 thu\u1ed1c mang theo. T\u00f4i chu\u1ea9n b\u1ec7nh th\u1ea5y th\u1ea7n s\u1eafc kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n m\u00e0 ngo\u00e0i ch\u1ec9 h\u01a1i n\u00f3ng. H\u1ecfi k\u1ef9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u00e0 v\u1ec1 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t b\u1ec7nh th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft: khi \u0111\u1ebb huy\u1ebft ra m\u1ea5t qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u. T\u00f4i ngh\u0129, huy\u1ebft ra m\u1ea5t qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u n\u00ean can m\u1ea5t s\u1ef1 nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng, phong m\u1ed9c do \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00ean. Trong T\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n thi\u00ean \u00c2m d\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ea1i lu\u1eadn c\u00f3 c\u00e2u: \u201c\u1edf t\u1ea1ng l\u00e0 can, \u1edf ti\u1ebfng l\u00e0 h\u00f4\u201d; thi\u00ean Ng\u0169 th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 c\u00e2u: \u201c\u1ede b\u1ec7nh l\u00e0 can\u2026 \u1edf b\u1ec7nh s\u1ebd l\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng dao \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ee3 s\u1ec7t\u201d; thi\u00ean Sinh kh\u00ed th\u00f4ng thi\u00ean lu\u1eadn l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 c\u00e2u: \u201c\u00c2m kh\u00f4ng th\u1eafng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u01b0\u01a1ng, th\u00ec m\u1ea1ch \u0111i nhanh ch\u00f3ng, d\u1ed3n c\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i s\u1ebd ph\u00e1t cu\u1ed3ng\u201d; thi\u00ean B\u00ecnh nhi\u1ec7t lu\u1eadn c\u0169ng n\u00f3i: \u201cN\u1ebfu \u00e2m h\u01b0, d\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ebd l\u1ea5n v\u00e0o\u201d. Xem nh\u01b0 v\u1eady th\u00ec c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9ng \u0111i\u00ean r\u1ed3, ch\u1ea1y ch\u1ecdt, k\u00eau la r\u1ea7m r\u0129, s\u1ed1t n\u00f3ng v.v\u2026 c\u1ee7a th\u1ecb H\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng ngo\u00e0i m\u1ea5y c\u00e2u \u0111\u00f3. B\u1ec7nh t\u00ecnh tuy bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n ba tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0ng g\u1ed1c ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t: \u00e2m h\u01b0. T\u00f4i li\u1ec1n d\u00f9ng c\u00e1c v\u1ecb C\u00e2u k\u1ef7, Th\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba, D\u01b0\u01a1ng quy, \u0110\u1ea3ng s\u00e2m, Huy\u1ec1n s\u00e2m, M\u1ea1ch m\u00f4n, Tr\u00fac nh\u01b0, B\u1ea1ch vi\u2026 c\u1eaft th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t thang l\u1edbn cho u\u1ed1ng. U\u1ed1ng h\u1ebft m\u1ed9t thang, m\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea7n b\u1edbt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u00e1u, b\u1ea3y; u\u1ed1ng h\u1ebft thang th\u1ee9 hai th\u00ec kh\u1ecfi h\u1eb3n. Trong b\u00e0i thu\u1ed1c t\u00f4i c\u1eaft tr\u00ean, l\u1ea5y v\u1ecb Huy\u1ec1n s\u00e2m l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 d\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 t\u00f4i c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o l\u1eddi ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i v\u1ecb Huy\u1ec1n s\u00e2m c\u1ee7a T\u1eeb H\u1ed3i Kh\u00ea: \u201cSau khi \u0111\u1ebb, huy\u1ebft tho\u00e1t th\u00ec \u00e2m h\u01b0, do \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ecfa kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n g\u00ec k\u00ecm ch\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1i ho\u1ea3 \u0111\u00f3 95","B\u1ed8 S\u00c1CH K\u1ec2 CHUY\u1ec6N DANH NH\u00c2N VI\u1ec6T NAM kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed1c h\u00e0n l\u01b0\u01a1ng d\u1eadp t\u1eaft, m\u00e0 trong khi kh\u00ed huy\u1ebft c\u00f2n ch\u01b0a y\u00ean, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp th\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed1c b\u1ed5 m\u1ea1nh. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 Huy\u1ec1n s\u00e2m v\u1eeba c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng d\u1eb9p y\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u1ea3, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u0169ng b\u1ed5 \u00edt nhi\u1ec1u\u201d. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean t\u00f4i d\u00f9ng Huy\u1ec1n s\u00e2m ch\u1eefa ch\u1ee9ng huy\u1ebft tho\u00e1t c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ee5 m\u00e0 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 n\u00ean ch\u00e9p \u0111\u1ec3 r\u00fat kinh nghi\u1ec7m\u201d. M\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u th\u00fa v\u1ecb khi \u0111\u1ecdc nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee9ng b\u1ec7nh m\u00e0 c\u00e1c danh y \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1eefa, l\u00e0 ta th\u1ea5y h\u1ecd d\u00f9ng thu\u1ed1c c\u00f3 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n k\u1ef9 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng nh\u01b0 d\u1ee5ng binh. H\u1ea3i Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng L\u00e3n \u00d4ng c\u0169ng t\u1eebng d\u1ea1y d\u1ee5ng thu\u1ed1c nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u1eb7c l\u00e0 v\u1eady. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng thu\u1ed1c m\u00e0 c\u00e1c danh y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng theo kinh nghi\u1ec7m d\u00e2n gian m\u00e0 ch\u01b0a l\u00fd gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Trong T\u1eed Si\u00eau y tho\u1ea1i c\u00f3 k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i thu\u1ed1c Nam r\u1ea5t l\u1ea1 l\u00f9ng m\u00e0 ch\u01b0a ai l\u00fd gi\u1ea3i n\u1ed5i do l\u01b0\u01a1ng y L\u00ea H\u1eefu Th\u00e0nh (d\u00f2ng d\u00f5i c\u1ee5 H\u1ea3i Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng) k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i: \u201cM\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111u\u1ed5i g\u00e0 b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e2m m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i d\u1eb1m v\u00e0o gi\u1eefa ng\u00f3n ch\u00e2n c\u00e1i, c\u00e1i d\u0103m chi\u1ec1u ngang b\u1eb1ng ba que di\u00eam, g\u00e3y th\u1ee5t v\u00e0o trong m\u00f3ng, s\u00e2u t\u1edbi h\u1ebft m\u00f3ng, m\u00e1u ch\u1ea3y l\u00eanh l\u00e1ng h\u00e0ng b\u00e1t, m\u1eb7t t\u00e1i h\u1eb3n \u0111i, \u0111au nh\u1ee9c v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1eefa t\u1ea1m bu\u1ed9c ch\u1eb7t ng\u00f3n ch\u00e2n l\u1ea1i cho m\u00e1u \u0111\u1ee1 ra. R\u1ed3i mang con dao th\u1eadt s\u1eafc, t\u00ecm m\u1ed9t c\u00e2y chu\u1ed1i, ch\u00e9m ngang m\u1ed9t nh\u00e1t th\u1eadt m\u1ea1nh cho \u0111\u1ee9t \u0111\u00f4i, \u0110\u1ec3 ch\u1eebng m\u1ed9t gi\u1edd, n\u00f5n chu\u1ed1i s\u1ebd tr\u1ed3i l\u00ean ch\u1eebng n\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed1t ng\u00f3n tay. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ec7nh c\u1eafn ch\u1ed7 n\u00f5n chu\u1ed1i m\u1edbi tr\u1ed3i l\u00ean, th\u00eam v\u00e0o m\u1ea5y h\u1ea1t mu\u1ed1i, nhai th\u1eadt n\u00e1t nhuy\u1ec5n, \u0111\u1eafp v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u ng\u00f3n ch\u00e2n, bu\u1ed9c l\u1ea1i, ch\u1ec9 b\u1ed1n ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 sau l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 r\u00fat \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1eb1m ra\u201d. V\u1edbi chuy\u1ec7n n\u00e0y, Nguy\u1ec5n T\u1eed Si\u00eau c\u0169ng nh\u1edb l\u1ea1i: \u201cH\u1ed3i c\u00f2n b\u00e9, th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t \u00f4ng lang thu\u1ed9c ch\u00e2u Chi\u00eam Ho\u00e1 (Tuy\u00ean Quang) ch\u1eefa ch\u1ee9ng kinh ni\u00ean c\u1ee7a ch\u1ecb t\u00f4i. \u00d4ng ta b\u1ea3o t\u00ecm c\u00e2y chu\u1ed1i ti\u00eau cao, ch\u00e9m ngang c\u00e2y b\u1ecf m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda, r\u1ed3i \u0111\u00e0o l\u1ea5y c\u1ea3 c\u1ee7, \u0111em v\u1ec1 d\u1ef1ng t\u1ea1i x\u00f3 nh\u00e0 ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng. Qua m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00eam, s\u00e1ng h\u00f4m sau, n\u00f5n chu\u1ed1i s\u1ebd m\u1ecdc tr\u1ed3i l\u00ean t\u1edbi ng\u00f3t m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1t ng\u00f3n tay. B\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n ng\u1ee7 d\u1eady, \u0111\u1eebng s\u00fac mi\u1ec7ng, \u0111em s\u1eb5n m\u1ed9t nh\u00fam mu\u1ed1i chia n\u00f5n chu\u1ed1i ra l\u00e0m ba mi\u1ebfng, th\u00eam v\u00e0o m\u1ea5y h\u1ea1t mu\u1ed1i, nhai r\u1ed3i nu\u1ed1t. Sau khi nu\u1ed1t c\u1ea3 ba mi\u1ebfng xong ch\u1ec9 tr\u00e1ng mi\u1ec7ng m\u1ed9t h\u1edbp n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e3 n\u00f3ng. Ch\u1ecb t\u00f4i ch\u1ec9 \u0103n m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, m\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111au b\u1ee5ng b\u1ecb t\u1edbi ba, b\u1ed1n n\u0103m kh\u1ecfi h\u1eb3n. Khi \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ed1 t\u00f4i h\u1ecfi \u00f4ng lang: \u201cC\u00e1c ch\u1ee9ng \u0111au b\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 ch\u1eefa nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f4ng?\u201d. \u00d4ng kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. V\u1eady n\u00f5n chu\u1ed1i v\u00ec sao c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, xin nh\u1edd c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc ph\u00e2n t\u00edch\u201d. Qua tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y th\u1ebf m\u1edbi bi\u1ebft ngh\u1ec1 y kh\u00f3 bi\u1ebft d\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0o! 96","T\u1eacP 3: DANH NH\u00c2N KHOA H\u1eccC VI\u1ec6T NAM R\u00f2ng r\u00e3 su\u1ed1t m\u1ea5y ch\u1ee5c n\u0103m tr\u1eddi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u y h\u1ecdc, b\u1ed1c thu\u1ed1c c\u1ee9u d\u00e2n th\u00ec vi\u1ec7c th\u1ea7y thu\u1ed1c Nguy\u1ec5n T\u1eed Si\u00eau \u0111i theo c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u0169ng l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u. Sau C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng th\u00e1ng T\u00e1m - cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i s\u1ed1 ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c \u2013 \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef ch\u1ee9c Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch M\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn Li\u00ean Vi\u1ec7t t\u1ec9nh S\u01a1n T\u00e2y. \u0110\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1950, \u00f4ng xin ngh\u1ec9 c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 d\u00e0nh t\u00e2m l\u1ef1c cho vi\u1ec7c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0110\u00f4ng y v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng n\u0103m sau \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea7u v\u00e0o Ban ch\u1ea5p h\u00e0nh Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng H\u1ed9i \u0110\u00f4ng y Vi\u1ec7t Nam kho\u00e1 I, kho\u00e1 II. Nh\u1eefng n\u0103m th\u00e1ng n\u00e0y, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ecf v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 k\u1ebf ti\u1ebfp. C\u00f3 l\u1ebd, m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u vui c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng l\u00e0 khi con c\u00e1i trong nh\u00e0 c\u0169ng theo ngh\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, l\u01b0\u01a1ng y Nguy\u1ec5n Thi\u00ean Quy\u1ebfn- Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed9i Y h\u1ecdc d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i l\u00e0 con trai th\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng. Th\u1ea7y thu\u1ed1c Nguy\u1ec5n T\u1eed Si\u00eau m\u1ea5t t\u1ea1i H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 27\/12\/1965. S\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n v\u1edbi ngh\u1ec1 y, tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00fac xu\u00f4i tay nh\u1eafm m\u1eaft, \u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o vi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng: \u201cT\u00f4i h\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1 y \u0111\u00e3 h\u01a1n 50 n\u0103m, m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n ph\u1ea3i lo l\u1eafng t\u1eebng gi\u1edd, t\u1eebng ph\u00fat, nghe t\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i, tr\u00f4ng t\u1eeb l\u00fac co tay, l\u00fac du\u1ed7i ch\u00e2n, c\u00f3 l\u00fac qu\u00ean c\u1ea3 \u0103n, m\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ng\u1ee7, bao gi\u1edd th\u1ea5y b\u1ec7nh t\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00fang nh\u01b0 mong m\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, l\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd m\u1edbi nh\u01b0 tr\u00fat \u0111u\u1ee3c g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng, n\u1ed7i ni\u1ec1m sung s\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 th\u00e2n nh\u00e2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ec7nh\u201d. Ch\u1ec9 qua nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi t\u00e2m s\u1ef1 \u1ea5y c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ee7 hi\u1ec3u h\u1ebft y \u0111\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e1ng qu\u00fd c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng. 97","B\u1ed8 S\u00c1CH K\u1ec2 CHUY\u1ec6N DANH NH\u00c2N VI\u1ec6T NAM TR\u1ea6N V\u0102N GI\u00c1P Nh\u00e0 th\u01b0 m\u1ee5c h\u1ecdc xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX Trong th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 30 c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 n\u00e0y, GS Prezyluski m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 \u0110\u00f4ng Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh: \u201cT\u00f4i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n tin t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng Gi\u00e1p, ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 t\u00f4i theo d\u00f5i nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1eeba c\u00f3 tinh th\u1ea7n b\u1ec1n b\u1ec9, v\u1eeba c\u00f3 t\u00e2m huy\u1ebft\u201d. Khi Tr\u1ea7n V\u0103n Gi\u00e1p t\u1eeb tr\u1ea7n, c\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n Ph\u1ea1m V\u0103n \u0110\u1ed3ng - nguy\u00ean Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng B\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u: \u201cT\u00f4i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y v\u1edbi t\u1ea5m l\u00f2ng tr\u00e2n tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 kh\u00e2m ph\u1ee5c m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng. B\u00e1c Tr\u1ea7n V\u0103n Gi\u00e1p - Nh\u00e0 th\u01b0 m\u1ee5c Gi\u00e1p l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c r\u1ea5t d\u0169ng c\u1ea3m, c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c h\u1ecdc (1898-1973) ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng r\u1ea5t cao, lu\u00f4n m\u1ed9t l\u00f2ng v\u00ec \u0110\u1ea3ng, v\u00ec s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p khoa h\u1ecdc\u201d. Qu\u00ea Tr\u1ea7n V\u0103n Gi\u00e1p \u1edf T\u1eeb \u00d4, Thanh Mi\u1ec7n, H\u1ea3i D\u01b0\u01a1ng (nay thu\u1ed9c x\u00e3 T\u00e2n Tr\u00e0o, huy\u1ec7n Thanh Mi\u1ec7n, H\u1ea3i D\u01b0\u01a1ng). \u00d4ng sinh ng\u00e0y 26-11-1898, l\u00e0 con trai c\u1ee7a c\u1eed nh\u00e2n Tr\u1ea7n V\u0103n C\u1eadn (1858-1938) m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 nho thanh b\u1ea1ch, d\u00f9 \u0111\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ea1t nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ra l\u00e0m quan m\u00e0 tham gia phong tr\u00e0o \u0110\u00f4ng kinh Ngh\u0129a th\u1ee5c. T\u1eeb nh\u1ecf \u00f4ng h\u1ecdc ch\u1eef H\u00e1n v\u1edbi cha. N\u0103m 17 tu\u1ed5i \u00f4ng v\u00e1c l\u1ec1u ch\u00f5ng \u0111\u1ebfn 98","T\u1eacP 3: DANH NH\u00c2N KHOA H\u1eccC VI\u1ec6T NAM tr\u01b0\u1eddng Nam \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ef1 khoa thi H\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u0103m \u1ea4t M\u00e3o (1915) v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed7 Tam tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Nh\u01b0ng th\u1eddi th\u1ebf \u201c\u00f4ng ngh\u00e8 \u00f4ng t\u00fa c\u0169ng n\u1eb1m co\u201d (T\u00fa X\u01b0\u01a1ng) n\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi anh l\u00e0 Tr\u1ea7n V\u0103n Ngo\u1ea1n \u0111em \u00f4ng ra H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, khai s\u1ee5t tu\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ec3 xin v\u00e0o h\u1ecdc tr\u01b0\u1eddng Ph\u00e1p - Vi\u1ec7t \u1edf Y\u00ean Ph\u1ee5. V\u00ec nh\u00e0 ngh\u00e8o n\u00ean m\u1edbi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p ti\u1ec3u h\u1ecdc \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 thi v\u00e0o tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u01b0 ph\u1ea1m. H\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t n\u0103m th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi anh m\u1ea5t, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ch\u1ed7 d\u1ef1a, \u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecf h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfm s\u1ed1ng. Nh\u1edd c\u00f3 ch\u00fat v\u1ed1n li\u1ebfng ch\u1eef H\u00e1n n\u00ean n\u0103m 1920, \u00f4ng xin v\u00e0o ch\u00e9p s\u00e1ch thu\u00ea cho tr\u01b0\u1eddng Vi\u1ec5n \u0110\u00f4ng B\u00e1c C\u1ed5 (EFEC). Kh\u00f4ng y\u00ean ph\u1eadn v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y, \u00f4ng tranh th\u1ee7 t\u1ef1 h\u1ecdc th\u00eam ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p. Trong m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n ki\u1ec3m tra c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, v\u1ecb gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p b\u1eb1ng nguy\u00ean t\u00e1c n\u00ean t\u1ecf \u00fd m\u1ebfn ph\u1ee5c v\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 \u00f4ng ti\u1ebfn xa h\u01a1n. Trong v\u00f2ng g\u1ea7n s\u00e1u n\u0103m l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ch\u00e9p s\u00e1ch, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ecfa thu\u00ea ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi th\u01b0 t\u1ecbch H\u00e1n - N\u00f4m, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec7c m\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 ch\u01b0a ai l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t \u201cM\u1ee5c l\u1ee5c s\u00e1ch Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u1edf th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1eddng Vi\u1ec5n \u0110\u00f4ng B\u00e1c C\u1ed5\u201d b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p. C\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c n\u1eb7ng nh\u1ecdc n\u00e0y ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1926, l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 \u00f4ng tr\u00f2n 28 tu\u1ed5i. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i x\u1eed l\u00fd th\u00f4ng tin tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u00e1ch ch\u1eef H\u00e1n r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn g\u1ed3m 17.000 cu\u1ed1n - c\u1ee7a th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1eddng Vi\u1ec5n \u0110\u00f4ng B\u00e1c C\u1ed5. Bi\u1ebft \u00f4ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 ch\u00ed, c\u00f3 t\u00e0i v\u00e0 ham h\u1ecdc n\u00ean n\u0103m 1927, v\u1ecb gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0a \u00f4ng sang Ph\u00e1p h\u1ecdc. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 theo h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng Cao \u0111\u1eb3ng th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh Sorbonne, Khoa th\u01b0 m\u1ee5c thu\u1ed9c Vi\u1ec7n H\u00e1n h\u1ecdc, \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc V\u0103n khoa Paris (m\u00f4n v\u0103n minh Trung Qu\u1ed1c) v\u00e0 Tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Ph\u00e1p (m\u00f4n ng\u1eef \u00e2m th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh). Ngo\u00e0i ra trong th\u1eddi gian \u1edf Ph\u00e1p, \u00f4ng c\u00f2n theo h\u1ecdc c\u00e1c m\u00f4n kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 Ng\u1eef \u00e2m h\u1ecdc, Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef h\u1ecdc, Th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n h\u1ecdc, L\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00f9ng Vi\u1ec5n \u0110\u00f4ng t\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1eddng Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef \u0110\u00f4ng Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. M\u1ed9t t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u do ch\u00ednh \u00f4ng vi\u1ebft, c\u00f3 k\u1ec3 r\u1eb1ng: \u201cTrong h\u1ed3i t\u00f4i qua Ph\u00e1p, v\u00ec nh\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng B\u00e1c C\u1ed5 g\u1eedi t\u00f4i \u0111i n\u00ean h\u00e0ng th\u00e1ng v\u1eabn c\u00f3 l\u01b0\u01a1ng, t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i bi\u1ebfu th\u00e0y t\u00f4i m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n h\u00e0ng th\u00e1ng. Th\u00e0y t\u00f4i kh\u1eb3ng kh\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng th\u00e8m ti\u00eau s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n \u1ea5y v\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng cho v\u1ee3 con t\u00f4i. Th\u00e0y t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec3 d\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ch\u1ed7, tr\u00edch l\u1ea1i t\u1eadu cho t\u00f4i m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ru\u1ed9ng (ch\u1eebng 1-2 m\u1eabu tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i). Khi 99"]