Ke-chuyen-danh-nhan-viet-nam-tap-5-danh-nhan-quan-su-viet-nam

["B\u1ed8 S\u00c1CH K\u1ec2 CHUY\u1ec6N DANH NH\u00c2N VI\u1ec6T NAM N\u0103m 1775, qu\u00e2n Tr\u1ecbnh v\u01b0\u1ee3t \u0111\u00e8o H\u1ea3i V\u00e2n v\u00e0o \u0111\u00e1nh Qu\u1ea3ng Nam. Qu\u00e2n T\u00e2y S\u01a1n ph\u1ea3i r\u00fat ch\u1ea1y. L\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng th\u1eddi c\u01a1 n\u00e0y, t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a ch\u00faa Nguy\u1ec5n l\u00e0 T\u1ed1ng Ph\u01b0\u1edbc Hi\u1ec7p \u0111em qu\u00e2n \u0111\u00e1nh Ph\u00fa Y\u00ean, qu\u00e2n T\u00e2y S\u01a1n c\u0169ng c\u1ea7m c\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng n\u1ed5i. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a hai l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng Tr\u1ecbnh - Nguy\u1ec5n, qu\u00e2n T\u00e2y S\u01a1n \u0111\u00e0nh r\u00fat v\u1ec1 c\u1ed1 th\u1ee7 Quy Nh\u01a1n. T\u00ecnh th\u1ebf h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c b\u1ea5t l\u1ee3i. \u0110\u1ec3 tho\u00e1t ra kh\u1ecfi hai g\u1ecdng k\u00ecm n\u00e0y, Nguy\u1ec5n Nh\u1ea1c t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch h\u00f2a ho\u00e3n v\u1edbi qu\u00e2n Tr\u1ecbnh. Ho\u00e0ng Ng\u0169 Ph\u00fac mu\u1ed1n d\u00f9ng T\u00e2y S\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh qu\u00e2n Nguy\u1ec5n n\u00ean ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn. T\u1ea1m y\u00ean v\u1edbi qu\u00e2n Tr\u1ecbnh, gi\u1eefa n\u0103m 1775, Nguy\u1ec5n Nh\u1ea1c \u0111em qu\u00e2n \u0111\u00e1nh chi\u1ebfm l\u1ea1i Ph\u00fa Y\u00ean. Nguy\u1ec5n Hu\u1ec7 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp ch\u1ec9 huy tr\u1eadn \u0111\u00e1nh n\u00e0y. N\u0103m \u0111\u00f3, \u00f4ng v\u1eeba 22 tu\u1ed5i. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 tr\u1eadn \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ed9c l\u1ed9c thi\u00ean t\u00e0i qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n Hu\u1ec7. Th\u00e0nh Ph\u00fa Y\u00ean b\u1ecb h\u1ea1 nhanh ch\u00f3ng. Chi\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng n\u00e0y khi\u1ebfn qu\u00e2n Tr\u1ecbnh ph\u1ea3i kh\u00e2m ph\u1ee5c v\u00e0 phong \u00f4ng l\u00e0m T\u00e2y S\u01a1n Ti\u1ec1n phong T\u01b0\u1edbng qu\u00e2n. Th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c qu\u00e2n T\u00e2y S\u01a1n ng\u00e0y m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1nh l\u1edbn. Th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c qu\u00e2n Tr\u1ecbnh ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng ki\u1ec7t qu\u1ec7 v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch nghi v\u1edbi phong th\u1ed5 n\u00ean b\u1ecb d\u1ecbch ch\u1ebft nhi\u1ec1u. Do \u0111\u00f3, t\u01b0\u1edbng Ho\u00e0ng Ng\u0169 Ph\u00fac m\u1edbi xin ch\u00faa Tr\u1ecbnh cho r\u00fat qu\u00e2n v\u1ec1 gi\u1eef Thu\u1eadn H\u00f3a. Ch\u00faa Tr\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, qu\u00e2n T\u00e2y S\u01a1n l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn t\u1eeb Qu\u1ea3ng Nam \u0111\u1ebfn Ph\u00fa Y\u00ean, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i lo \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi qu\u00e2n Tr\u1ecbnh. N\u0103m 1776, Nguy\u1ec5n Nh\u1ea1c t\u1ef1 x\u01b0ng l\u00e0 T\u00e2y S\u01a1n V\u01b0\u01a1ng, phong Nguy\u1ec5n Hu\u1ec7 l\u00e0m Ph\u1ee5 ch\u00ednh, Nguy\u1ec5n L\u1eef l\u00e0m Thi\u1ebfu ph\u00f3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ea1i b\u1ea3n doanh t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ed3 B\u1ea3n - kinh \u0111\u00f4 c\u0169 c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc Chi\u00eam Th\u00e0nh, n\u1eb1m ph\u00eda nam th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n \u0110\u1eadp \u0111\u00e1, huy\u1ec7n An Nh\u01a1n (B\u00ecnh \u0110\u1ecbnh). \u0110\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi qu\u00e2n Tr\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o s\u1ee9c Tr\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1eadt Nguy\u1ec5n, Nguy\u1ec5n Nh\u1ea1c sai ng\u01b0\u1eddi ra b\u1eafc xin ch\u00faa Tr\u1ecbnh cho m\u00ecnh tr\u1ea5n th\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea5t Qu\u1ea3ng Nam. Ch\u00faa Tr\u1ecbnh S\u00e2m \u0111ang ngao ng\u00e1n vi\u1ec7c d\u1ee5ng binh n\u00ean phong cho Nguy\u1ec5n Nh\u1ea1c l\u00e0m Qu\u1ea3ng Nam tr\u1ea5n th\u1ee7. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n lo ph\u00eda b\u1eafc, Nguy\u1ec5n Nh\u1ea1c sai hai em l\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n Hu\u1ec7 v\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n L\u1eef \u0111em qu\u00e2n t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh, gi\u1ebft ch\u1ebft hai ch\u00faa Nguy\u1ec5n l\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n Ph\u00fac Thu\u1ea7n v\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n Ph\u00fac D\u01b0\u01a1ng. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00e1u l\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n Ph\u00fac \u00c1nh ch\u1ea1y tho\u00e1t tr\u1ed1n ra Ph\u00fa Qu\u1ed1c, C\u00f4n L\u00f4n\u2026 r\u1ed3i cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng ch\u1ea1y sang Xi\u00eam! Ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb h\u01a1n 200 n\u0103m c\u1ee7a ch\u00faa Nguy\u1ec5n \u1edf ph\u00eda Nam \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb l\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed5 d\u01b0\u1edbi nh\u1eefng tr\u1eadn \u0111\u00e1nh th\u1ea7n t\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n T\u00e2y S\u01a1n. N\u0103m 1778, Nguy\u1ec5n Nh\u1ea1c l\u00ean ng\u00f4i Ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf, \u0111\u1eb7t ni\u00ean hi\u1ec7u Th\u00e1i \u0110\u1ee9c, m\u1edf 100","T\u1eacP 5: DANH NH\u00c2N QU\u00c2N S\u1ef0 VI\u1ec6T NAM r\u1ed9ng th\u00e0nh \u0110\u1ed3 B\u00e0n \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng th\u00e0nh m\u1edbi v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh Ho\u00e0ng \u0110\u1ebf. Nguy\u1ec5n Nh\u1ea1c phong cho Nguy\u1ec5n Hu\u1ec7 l\u00e0m Long Nh\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u01b0\u1edbng qu\u00e2n, phong Nguy\u1ec5n L\u1eef l\u00e0m Ti\u1ebft ch\u1ebf. B\u1ecb qu\u00e2n T\u00e2y S\u01a1n \u0111\u00e1nh th\u1ea5t \u0111i\u00ean b\u00e1t \u0111\u1ea3o, Nguy\u1ec5n Ph\u00fac \u00c1nh ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea7u c\u1ee9u n\u01b0\u1edbc Xi\u00eam. Th\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ea1i cho l\u1eddi c\u1ea7u xin n\u00e0y v\u00e0 c\u0169ng mu\u1ed1n nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u01b0\u1edbc ta n\u00ean vua Xi\u00eam l\u00e0 Ch\u1eafc Tri (Chakkri) \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd. Ng\u00e0y 25\/7\/1784, 5 v\u1ea1n qu\u00e2n Xi\u00eam h\u00f9ng h\u1ed5 k\u00e9o v\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc ta qua hai ng\u1ea3: L\u1ee5c C\u00f4n, Sa Uy\u1ec3n v\u00e0 Chi\u00eau Th\u00f9y Bi\u1ec7n \u0111em 3 v\u1ea1n qu\u00e2n t\u1eeb bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi Ch\u00e2n L\u1ea1p h\u00e0nh qu\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ed9; c\u00f2n ch\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng Chi\u00eau T\u0103ng v\u00e0 Chi\u00eau S\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111em 2 v\u1ea1n th\u1ee7y qu\u00e2n c\u00f9ng 300 chi\u1ebfn thuy\u1ec1n t\u1eeb V\u1ecdng C\u00e1c (B\u0103ng-c\u1ed1c) h\u00e0nh qu\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ee7y. Th\u00e1ng 8\/1784, gi\u1eb7c Xi\u00eam c\u00f9ng qu\u00e2n c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n Ph\u00fac \u00c1nh ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e1nh Ki\u00ean Giang (R\u1ea1ch Gi\u00e1). Qu\u00e2n T\u00e2y S\u01a1n ch\u1ed1ng c\u1ef1 m\u00e3nh li\u1ec7t, do \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 1784 ch\u00fang m\u1edbi chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eeb Tr\u00e0 L\u1ecdt \u0111\u1ebfn Tr\u00e0 T\u00e2n (nay thu\u1ed9c hai huy\u1ec7n C\u00e1i B\u00e8, Cai L\u1eady t\u1ec9nh Ti\u1ec1n Giang) v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c H\u00e0 Ti\u00ean, An Giang, V\u0129nh Long. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, qu\u00e2n T\u00e2y S\u01a1n v\u1eabn gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb tr\u00ed quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u01b0 M\u1ef9 Tho, Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh. C\u00e0ng chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng, ch\u00fang c\u00e0ng ki\u00eau c\u0103ng, v\u00f4 c\u1edb gi\u1ebft h\u1ea1i nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n v\u00e0 c\u01b0\u1edbp b\u00f3c v\u00e0ng b\u1ea1c, c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft bao nhi\u00eau m\u00e0 k\u1ec3. Ngay c\u1ea3 Nguy\u1ec5n Ph\u00fac \u00c1nh c\u0169ng c\u0103m gh\u00e9t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng ngang ng\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e0y, nh\u01b0ng \u0111ang nh\u1edd c\u1eady ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta n\u00ean \u0111\u00e0nh mu\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t m\u00e0 ng\u1eadm b\u1ed3 h\u00f2n l\u00e0m ng\u1ecdt! Th\u1eadt nh\u1ee5c nh\u00e3 cho th\u00e2n ph\u1eadn \u201cc\u00f5ng r\u1eafn c\u1eafn g\u00e0 nh\u00e0\u201d! T\u1eeb Quy Nh\u01a1n nghe tin c\u1ea5p b\u00e1o, c\u00e1c l\u00e3nh t\u1ee5 T\u00e2y S\u01a1n quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ph\u1ea3n c\u00f4ng. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1eef vai tr\u00f2 s\u1ebd \u0111\u1eadp tan k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a gi\u1eb7c Xi\u00eam v\u00e0 \u00e2m m\u01b0u chi\u1ebfm l\u1ea1i Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n Ph\u00fac \u00c1nh l\u00e0 v\u1ecb t\u01b0\u1edbng tr\u1ebb nhi\u1ec1u m\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3c Nguy\u1ec5n Hu\u1ec7. N\u0103m n\u00e0y, \u00f4ng v\u1eeba 32 tu\u1ed5i. \u0110\u1ea7u n\u0103m 1785 \u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t t\u1ea1i M\u1ef9 Tho, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng bo bo tr\u1ea5n gi\u1eef Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh. M\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u00f3. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft, \u00f4ng sai ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1eb7p ri\u00eang Chi\u00eau T\u0103ng v\u00e0 t\u1eb7ng nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0ng b\u1ea1c, l\u1ee5a g\u1ea5m \u0111\u1ec3 xin\u2026 gi\u1ea3ng h\u00f2a! \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u00e1nh l\u1ea1c h\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u00f2ng b\u1ecb c\u1ee7a gi\u1eb7c, khi \u00f4ng \u0111ang chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u01b0a gi\u1eb7c v\u00e0o tr\u00f2ng. Nh\u01b0ng Chi\u00eau T\u0103ng c\u0169ng l\u00e0 t\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u m\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3c, th\u1ea5y T\u00e2y S\u01a1n \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3ng h\u00f2a th\u00ec h\u1eafn b\u00e0n v\u1edbi Nguy\u1ec5n Ph\u00fac \u00c1nh: 101","B\u1ed8 S\u00c1CH K\u1ec2 CHUY\u1ec6N DANH NH\u00c2N VI\u1ec6T NAM - T\u01b0\u01a1ng k\u1ebf t\u1ef1u k\u1ebf v\u1eabn hay h\u01a1n c\u1ea3. Gi\u1eb7c T\u00e2y S\u01a1n \u0111ang y\u1ebfu th\u1ebf n\u00ean m\u1edbi c\u1ea7u h\u00f2a, t\u1ea5t ch\u00fang c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng ph\u00f2ng b\u1ecb g\u00ec. Chi b\u1eb1ng ta nh\u00e2n c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i n\u00e0y m\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh ngay. B\u1ecb d\u1ed3n v\u00e0o th\u1ebf b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed9ng qu\u00e2n T\u00e2y S\u01a1n l\u00e0m sao ch\u1ed1ng c\u1ef1 n\u1ed5i! \u00c1nh g\u1eadt g\u00f9 cho l\u00e0 cao ki\u1ebfn. N\u00e0o ng\u1edd, tr\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u00e0y ch\u00fang xu\u1ea5t k\u00edch th\u00ec Nguy\u1ec5n Hu\u1ec7 \u0111\u00e3 cho ra qu\u00e2n. \u00d4ng ch\u1ecdn kh\u00fac s\u00f4ng M\u1ef9 Tho - t\u1eeb R\u1ea1ch G\u1ea7m \u0111\u1ebfn Xo\u00e0i M\u00fat, c\u00e1ch b\u1ea3n doanh c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng 6km - \u0111\u1ec3 d\u00e0n binh b\u1ed1 tr\u1eadn. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111o\u1ea1n s\u00f4ng m\u00e0 l\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng, thu\u1eadn ti\u1ec7n v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c d\u1ed3n m\u1ea5y tr\u0103m chi\u1ebfn thuy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a gi\u1eb7c t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f4ng k\u00edch. N\u1eeda \u0111\u00eam v\u1ec1 s\u00e1ng ng\u00e0y 19 r\u1ea1ng ng\u00e0y 20\/1\/1785 l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng th\u1ee7y tri\u1ec1u l\u00ean, Nguy\u1ec5n Hu\u1ec7 cho nh\u1eefng \u0111o\u00e0n thuy\u1ec1n nh\u1eb9 ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u0103n c\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a gi\u1eb7c \u1edf Tr\u00e0 L\u1ecdt - Tr\u00e0 T\u00e2n khi\u00eau kh\u00edch. \u0110\u1ebfn l\u00fac n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ee7y tri\u1ec1u s\u1eafp r\u00fat th\u00ec chi\u1ebfn thuy\u1ec1n T\u00e2y S\u01a1n gi\u1ea3 v\u1edd thua \u0111\u1ec3 quay \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u1ea1y. T\u01b0\u1edbng gi\u1eb7c ki\u00eau c\u0103ng n\u00ean \u0111\u1ed1c th\u00fac to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 binh l\u1ef1c \u0111u\u1ed5i theo. \u0110\u00fang v\u00e0o l\u00fac ch\u00fang l\u1ecdt v\u00e0o tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecba mai ph\u1ee5c th\u00ec qu\u00e2n T\u00e2y S\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed3ng lo\u1ea1t quay l\u1ea1i ph\u1ea3n c\u00f4ng. Th\u1ee7y binh \u1edf R\u1ea1ch G\u1ea7m - Xo\u00e0i M\u00fat ti\u1ebfn ra ch\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 kh\u00f3a \u0111u\u00f4i, \u0111\u1eb7t ch\u00fang v\u00e0o t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf ti\u1ebfn tho\u00e1i l\u01b0\u1ee1ng nan! Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, ph\u00e1o binh t\u1eeb tr\u00ean c\u00f9 lao Th\u1edbi S\u01a1n v\u00e0 tr\u00ean b\u1edd s\u00f4ng M\u1ef9 Tho n\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1n xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea7u gi\u1eb7c nh\u01b0 m\u01b0a! \u0110\u1ed9i h\u00ecnh chi\u1ebfn thuy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a gi\u1eb7c l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c b\u1ecb chia c\u1eaft l\u00e0m nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ed1p nh\u1ecf. B\u1ecb \u0111\u00e1nh qu\u00e1 b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd, ch\u00fang ch\u1ed1ng c\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng n\u1ed5i. Binh m\u00e3 tan t\u00e1c d\u01b0\u1edbi tr\u1eadn \u0111\u00f2n s\u1ea5m s\u00e9t do Nguy\u1ec5n Hu\u1ec7 ch\u1ec9 huy. Ch\u1ec9 trong m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y m\u00e0 5 v\u1ea1n qu\u00e2n gi\u1eb7c g\u1ed3m th\u1ee7y qu\u00e2n l\u1eabn b\u1ed9 binh \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e1nh tan t\u00e0nh ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n h\u01a1n 1 v\u1ea1n. Nh\u1ee5c nh\u00e3 cho th\u00e2n ph\u1eadn \u201ctheo \u0111\u00f3m \u0103n t\u00e0n\u201d, Nguy\u1ec5n Ph\u00fac \u00c1nh h\u1ed1t ho\u1ea3ng ch\u1ea1y tr\u1ed1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00ean tho\u00e1t ch\u1ebft, ph\u1ea3i l\u00ea l\u1ebft v\u1ec1 Tr\u1ea5n Giang r\u1ed3i l\u00e9n l\u00fat tr\u1ed1n ra H\u00e0 Ti\u00ean. C\u00f2n Chi\u00eau T\u0103ng, Chi\u00eau S\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e1m t\u00e0n binh ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecf thuy\u1ec1n, tr\u1ed1n l\u00ean b\u1ed9, l\u00e1ch r\u1eebng, v\u01b0\u1ee3t n\u00fai qua Ch\u00e2n L\u1ea1p ch\u1ea1y v\u1ec1 Xi\u00eam v\u1edbi t\u00e2m tr\u1ea1ng \u201cs\u1ee3 qu\u00e2n T\u00e2y S\u01a1n nh\u01b0 s\u1ee3 c\u1ecdp\u201d! Ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e1nh m\u1ed9t tr\u1eadn m\u00e0 \u201cs\u1ea1ch kh\u00f4ng k\u00ecnh ng\u1ea1c\u201d, Nguy\u1ec5n Hu\u1ec7 giao quy\u1ec1n cho \u0111\u00f4 \u0111\u1ed1c \u0110\u1eb7ng V\u0103n Tr\u1ea5n gi\u1eef Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh r\u1ed3i r\u00fat v\u1ec1 Quy Nh\u01a1n. Tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e0 th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i n\u00e0y, Nguy\u1ec5n Nh\u1ea1c l\u1ea1i ph\u00e1i Nguy\u1ec5n Hu\u1ec7 \u0111\u01b0a qu\u00e2n ra B\u1eafc \u0111\u1ec3 chi\u1ebfm l\u1ea1i Ph\u00fa Xu\u00e2n v\u00e0 Thu\u1eadn H\u00f3a - v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ph\u00eda Nam. Th\u1eafng tr\u1eadn r\u1ed3i, Nguy\u1ec5n Hu\u1ec7 ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eddi c\u01a1 ph\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn 102","T\u1eacP 5: DANH NH\u00c2N QU\u00c2N S\u1ef0 VI\u1ec6T NAM qu\u00e2n ra B\u1eafc. L\u00fac n\u00e0y, \u1edf ngo\u00e0i B\u1eafc, ch\u00faa Tr\u1ecbnh S\u00e2m v\u1eeba ch\u1ebft, con c\u00e1i h\u1ecd Tr\u1ecbnh tranh ch\u1ea5p ng\u00f4i b\u00e1u khi\u1ebfn ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng r\u1ec7u r\u00e3, suy s\u1ee5p. M\u01b0u s\u0129 B\u1eafc H\u00e0 l\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n H\u1eefu Ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i v\u1edbi Nguy\u1ec5n Hu\u1ec7: - \u00d4ng ph\u1ee5ng m\u1ec7nh ra \u0111\u00e1nh m\u1ed9t tr\u1eadn m\u00e0 b\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea5t Thu\u1eadn H\u00f3a, uy kinh c\u1ea3 ch\u1ed1n B\u1eafc H\u00e0. Ph\u00e0m c\u00e1i ph\u00e9p d\u00f9ng binh, m\u1ed9t l\u00e0 th\u1eddi, hai l\u00e0 th\u1ebf, ba l\u00e0 c\u01a1, c\u00f3 ba \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u00e2u ch\u1eb3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. B\u00e2y gi\u1edd \u1edf \u0111\u1ea5t B\u1eafc H\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edbng th\u00ec l\u01b0\u1eddi, qu\u00e2n th\u00ec ki\u00eau, tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 k\u1ef7 c\u01b0\u01a1ng g\u00ec c\u1ea3, n\u1ebfu \u00f4ng nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y c\u00e1i uy thanh n\u00e0y, \u0111em qu\u00e2n ra \u0111\u00e1nh l\u00e0m g\u00ec m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Nguy\u1ec5n Hu\u1ec7 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi: - \u1ede B\u1eafc H\u00e0 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e2n t\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean coi l\u00e0m th\u01b0\u1eddng. Ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u00e1p: - Nh\u00e2n t\u00e0i B\u1eafc H\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh Ch\u1ec9nh, nay Ch\u1ec9nh b\u1ecf \u0111i th\u00ec c\u00f2n ai n\u1eefa, xin \u00f4ng \u0111\u1eebng c\u00f3 ng\u1ea1i. Nguy\u1ec5n Hu\u1ec7 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u00eau c\u0103ng, tr\u00e1o tr\u1edf n\u00ean c\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i: - \u1ea4y! Ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ng\u1ea1i, ch\u1ec9 ng\u1ea1i c\u00f3 \u00f4ng \u0111\u00f3 th\u00f4i! Ch\u1ec9nh th\u1ea5t s\u1eafc, t\u00e1i m\u1eb7t: - T\u00f4i t\u1ef1 bi\u1ebft t\u00e0i h\u00e8n, nh\u01b0ng m\u00e0 t\u00f4i n\u00f3i th\u1ebf l\u00e0 c\u1ed1t t\u1ecf \u00fd cho \u00f4ng bi\u1ebft ngo\u00e0i B\u1eafc kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u00e2n t\u00e0i \u0111\u00f3 th\u00f4i. Nguy\u1ec5n Hu\u1ec7 l\u1ea5y l\u1eddi n\u00f3i ng\u1ecdt \u0111\u1ec3 y\u00ean l\u00f2ng Ch\u1ec9nh v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng: - Nh\u00e0 L\u00ea l\u00e0m vua \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5y tr\u0103m n\u0103m nay, b\u00e2y gi\u1edd ra c\u01b0\u1edbp l\u1ea5y ch\u01b0a ch\u1eafc l\u00f2ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 theo m\u00ecnh. Ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u00e1p: - Nay B\u1eafc H\u00e0 c\u00f3 vua l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 ch\u00faa, \u1ea5y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 kim c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ebfn. H\u1ecd Tr\u1ecbnh ti\u1ebfng r\u1eb1ng ph\u00f9 L\u00ea, th\u1eadt ra l\u00e0 hi\u1ebfp ch\u1ebf, c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng ai ph\u1ee5c. V\u1ea3 x\u01b0a nay kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ai l\u00e0m g\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap nh\u00e0 L\u00ea, l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 s\u1ee3 c\u00e1i th\u1ebf m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 th\u00f4i, nay \u00f4ng ph\u00f9 L\u00ea di\u1ec7t Tr\u1ecbnh th\u00ec thi\u00ean h\u1ea1 ai ch\u1eb3ng theo \u00f4ng. V\u1edbi quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t giang s\u01a1n, ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng b\u1ecb chia c\u1eaft tr\u00ean hai th\u1ebf k\u1ef7, Nguy\u1ec5n Hu\u1ec7 \u0111\u00e3 gi\u01b0\u01a1ng cao ng\u1ecdn c\u1edd \u201cph\u00f9 L\u00ea di\u1ec7t 103","B\u1ed8 S\u00c1CH K\u1ec2 CHUY\u1ec6N DANH NH\u00c2N VI\u1ec6T NAM Tr\u1ecbnh\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn qu\u00e2n ra B\u1eafc. Ch\u1ec9 trong 10 ng\u00e0y, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e1nh tan to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 qu\u00e2n Tr\u1ecbnh - l\u1eadt nh\u00e0o n\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb m\u00e0 h\u1ecd Tr\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 216 n\u0103m (1570 - 1786). Ng\u00e0y 21\/7\/1786 qu\u00e2n T\u00e2y S\u01a1n ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 Th\u0103ng Long, Nguy\u1ec5n Hu\u1ec7 \u0111\u1eb7t s\u1edf ch\u1ec9 huy \u1edf ph\u1ee7 Ch\u00faa. N\u0103m \u0111\u00f3, \u00f4ng v\u1eeba 33 tu\u1ed5i. D\u1ee9t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecd Tr\u1ecbnh, vua L\u00ea Hi\u1ec3n T\u00f4ng m\u1ea5t, Nguy\u1ec5n Hu\u1ec7 \u0111\u01b0a L\u00ea Chi\u00eau Th\u1ed1ng - ch\u00e1u n\u1ed9i vua L\u00ea Hi\u1ec3n T\u00f4ng l\u00ean ng\u00f4i. Thu x\u1ebfp xong m\u1ecdi vi\u1ec7c, Nguy\u1ec5n Hu\u1ec7 k\u00e9o qu\u00e2n v\u1ec1 Nam. Ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n T\u00e2y S\u01a1n \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh s\u1ee9 m\u1ec7nh v\u1ebb vang trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed l\u00e0 x\u00f3a b\u1ecf ranh gi\u1edbi ph\u00e2n chia B\u1eafc - Nam c\u1ee7a t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n phong ki\u1ebfn M\u1ea1c, L\u00ea, Tr\u1ecbnh, Nguy\u1ec5n. B\u1ea5y gi\u1edd Nguy\u1ec5n Nh\u1ea1c t\u1ef1 x\u01b0ng Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng Ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf \u0111\u00f3ng \u1edf Quy Nh\u01a1n, phong cho Nguy\u1ec5n L\u1eef l\u00e0m \u0110\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ecbnh V\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00f3ng \u1edf Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n Hu\u1ec7 l\u00e0m B\u1eafc B\u00ecnh V\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00f3ng \u1edf Ph\u00fa Xu\u00e2n. Khi Nguy\u1ec5n Hu\u1ec7 r\u00fat v\u1ec1 Nam th\u00ec t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh Th\u0103ng Long l\u1ea1i tr\u1edf n\u00ean r\u1ed1i ren, con ch\u00e1u h\u1ecd Tr\u1ecbnh ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c d\u1ea5y binh gi\u00e0nh l\u1ea1i ng\u00f4i b\u00e1u. L\u00ea Chi\u00eau Th\u1ed1ng b\u1ea5t l\u1ef1c \u0111\u00e0nh ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea7u c\u1ee9u Nguy\u1ec5n H\u1eefu Ch\u1ec9nh. Ch\u1ec9nh v\u1ed1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd Tr\u1ecbnh, nh\u01b0ng b\u1ecf v\u00e0o Nam, \u0111i theo T\u00e2y S\u01a1n. L\u00fac Nguy\u1ec5n Hu\u1ec7 v\u1ec1 Nam th\u00ec giao cho Ch\u1ec9nh \u1edf l\u1ea1i tr\u1ea5n gi\u1eef Ngh\u1ec7 An, Ch\u1ec9nh mu\u1ed1n nh\u00e2n c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i n\u00e0y chi\u00eau qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 m\u01b0u s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p ri\u00eang. Do \u0111\u00f3, khi L\u00ea Chi\u00eau Th\u1ed1ng c\u1ea7u c\u1ee9u th\u00ec Ch\u1ec9nh \u0111em qu\u00e2n d\u1eb9p tan t\u00e0n d\u01b0 h\u1ecd Tr\u1ecbnh r\u1ed3i tr\u1edf m\u1eb7t ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i T\u00e2y S\u01a1n. Nguy\u1ec5n Hu\u1ec7 sai V\u0169 V\u0103n Nh\u1eadm k\u00e9o qu\u00e2n ra B\u1eafc gi\u1ebft Ch\u1ec9nh. Xong, Nh\u1eadm c\u0169ng l\u1ea1i t\u1ecf ra ki\u00eau c\u0103ng, t\u1ef1 \u00fd \u0111\u00fac \u1ea5n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng ri\u00eang, chuy\u00ean quy\u1ec1n quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ecdi vi\u1ec7c. Ng\u00f4 V\u0103n S\u1edf vi\u1ebft th\u01b0 b\u00e1o cho Nguy\u1ec5n Hu\u1ec7, l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c gi\u1eefa n\u0103m 1788, Nguy\u1ec5n Hu\u1ec7 \u0111em qu\u00e2n ra gi\u1ebft Nh\u1eadm \u0111\u01b0a L\u00ea Duy C\u1ea9m - con vua L\u00ea Hi\u1ec3n T\u00f4ng l\u00e0m gi\u00e1m qu\u1ed1c r\u1ed3i ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ed1n l\u1ea1i m\u1ecdi vi\u1ec7c. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u s\u0129 phu B\u1eafc H\u00e0 nh\u01b0 Ng\u00f4 Th\u00ec Nh\u1eadm, Phan Huy \u00cdch, Nguy\u1ec5n Thi\u1ebfp\u2026 gi\u00fap s\u1ee9c. Sau \u0111\u00f3, giao quy\u1ec1n h\u00e0nh cho Ng\u00f4 V\u0103n S\u1edf gi\u1eef \u0111\u1ea5t B\u1eafc, Nguy\u1ec5n Hu\u1ec7 l\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 Nam, v\u00ec l\u00fac n\u00e0y Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1nh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111em qu\u00e2n \u0111\u00e1nh ph\u00e1 Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh m\u00e0 qu\u00e2n T\u00e2y S\u01a1n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea7u n\u1ed5i. M\u1ea5t Ch\u1ec9nh, L\u00ea Chi\u00eau Th\u1ed1ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean b\u01a1 v\u01a1, b\u00e8n l\u00e9n l\u00fat ch\u1ea1y sang c\u1ea7u c\u1ee9u nh\u00e0 Thanh. H\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00e8n h\u1ea1 n\u00e0y, s\u1eed n\u01b0\u1edbc ta ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n l\u00e0 104","T\u1eacP 5: DANH NH\u00c2N QU\u00c2N S\u1ef0 VI\u1ec6T NAM \u201cr\u01b0\u1edbc voi d\u00e0y x\u00e9o m\u1ea3 t\u1ed5\u201d - m\u1ed1i nh\u1ee5c ng\u00e0n \u0111\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng r\u1eeda s\u1ea1ch. \u0110\u00e3 t\u1eeb l\u00e2u mu\u1ed1n b\u00e0nh tr\u01b0\u1edbng l\u1ea5y n\u01b0\u1edbc ta, do \u0111\u00f3, nghe l\u1eddi van xin n\u00e0y, vua C\u00e0n Long nh\u00e0 Thanh \u0111\u00e3 sai T\u00f4n S\u0129 Ngh\u1ecb l\u00e0m t\u1ed5ng ch\u1ec9 huy 20 v\u1ea1n qu\u00e2n ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc ta. Ch\u00fang \u0111i b\u1eb1ng ba ng\u1ea3: h\u01b0\u1edbng Qu\u1ea3ng T\u00e2y qua L\u1ea1ng S\u01a1n do T\u00f4n S\u0129 Ngh\u1ecb c\u1ea7m \u0111\u1ea7u; h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0110i\u1ec1n Ch\u00e2u qua Cao B\u1eb1ng do S\u1ea7m Nghi \u0110\u1ed1ng ch\u1ec9 huy; h\u01b0\u1edbng V\u00e2n Nam xu\u00f4i v\u1ec1 s\u00f4ng H\u1ed3ng do \u00d4 \u0110\u1ea1i K\u00ecnh ch\u1ec9 huy. L\u00fac n\u00e0y, qu\u00e2n T\u00e2y S\u01a1n t\u1ea1i B\u1eafc H\u00e0 d\u01b0\u1edbi quy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng l\u0129nh c\u1ee7a Ng\u00f4 V\u0103n S\u1edf ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 8 ngh\u00ecn ng\u01b0\u1eddi! Tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh b\u1ea5t l\u1ee3i v\u1ec1 nhi\u1ec1u m\u1eb7t, theo k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn c\u1ee7a Ng\u00f4 Th\u00ec Nh\u1eadm, Ng\u00f4 V\u0103n S\u1edf cho r\u00fat lui qu\u00e2n v\u1ec1 l\u1eadp ph\u00f2ng tuy\u1ebfn Tam \u0110i\u1ec7p -Bi\u1ec7n S\u01a1n. T\u1ed1i ng\u00e0y 16\/12\/1788, gi\u1eb7c Thanh chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Th\u0103ng Long d\u1ec5 nh\u01b0 l\u1eadt b\u00e0n tay. T\u00f4n S\u0129 Ngh\u1ecb hu\u00eanh hoang tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1: - Di\u1ec7t qu\u00e2n T\u00e2y S\u01a1n d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1ed5 n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ecdt xoa tay l\u00e0 xong vi\u1ec7c, nh\u01b0 th\u00f2 tay l\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ed3 v\u1eadt trong t\u00fai! Nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tin chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng, vua C\u00e0n Long sung s\u01b0\u1edbng phong cho T\u00f4n S\u0129 Ngh\u1ecb t\u01b0\u1edbc M\u01b0u d\u0169ng c\u00f4ng h\u1ea1ng nh\u1ea5t. Do chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng nhanh ch\u00f3ng n\u00ean T\u00f4n S\u0129 Ngh\u1ecb t\u1ef1 m\u00e3n cho qu\u00e2n s\u0129 ngh\u1ec9 ng\u01a1i chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb \u0103n T\u1ebft nguy\u00ean \u0111\u00e1n v\u1edbi l\u1eddi tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 ng\u1ea1o ngh\u1ec5: - B\u00e2y gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eafp h\u1ebft n\u0103m, \u0111\u1ea1i qu\u00e2n t\u1eeb xa x\u00f4i t\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i ngh\u1ec9 ng\u01a1i, kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean \u0111\u00e1nh v\u1ed9i. Gi\u1eb7c g\u1ea7y m\u00e0 ta \u0111ang b\u00e9o, h\u00e3y \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00fang t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed9p th\u1ecbt! Nguy\u1ec5n Hu\u1ec7 \u0111ang \u1edf trong Nam. Nghe tin c\u1ea5p b\u00e1o qu\u00e2n Thanh sang x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u01b0\u1edbc ta, li\u1ec1n l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c h\u1ed9i c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u1edbng s\u0129 \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e0n vi\u1ec7c \u0111em binh ra \u0111\u00e1nh. C\u00e1c t\u01b0\u1edbng s\u0129 xin \u00f4ng l\u00ean ng\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec3 y\u00ean l\u00f2ng ba qu\u00e2n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf danh ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc. Chi\u1ec1u \u00fd m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ng\u00e0y 25\/12\/1788, \u00f4ng sai l\u1eadp \u0111\u00e0n Giao \u1edf B\u00e0n S\u01a1n, ph\u00eda nam n\u00fai Ng\u1ef1 B\u00ecnh l\u00e0m l\u1ec5 t\u1ebf c\u00e1o Tr\u1eddi, \u0110\u1ea5t, S\u00f4ng, N\u00fai \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00ean ng\u00f4i Ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf, \u0111\u1eb7t ni\u00ean hi\u1ec7u Quang Trung, r\u1ed3i l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c h\u1ea1 l\u1ec7nh xu\u1ea5t qu\u00e2n. Ng\u00e0y 26\/12\/1788, \u0111\u1ea1i binh c\u1ee7a vua Quang Trung \u0111\u1ebfn Ngh\u1ec7 An. \u00d4ng g\u1eedi th\u01b0 cho T\u00f4n S\u0129 Ngh\u1ecb, gi\u1ea3 v\u1edd nh\u00fan m\u00ecnh nh\u1eadn t\u1ed9i v\u00e0 \u201ckh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft thi\u00ean tri\u1ec1u c\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu x\u00e1 t\u1ed9i hay kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean ch\u01b0a d\u00e1m sai s\u1ee9 \u0111i xin tha t\u1ed9i\u201d. Nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u01b0, T\u00f4n S\u0129 Ngh\u1ecb li\u1ec1n sai ch\u1ea1y h\u1ecbch b\u00e1o cho vua Quang Trung ph\u1ea3i r\u00fat qu\u00e2n 105","B\u1ed8 S\u00c1CH K\u1ec2 CHUY\u1ec6N DANH NH\u00c2N VI\u1ec6T NAM v\u1ec1 Thu\u1eadn H\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1edd nghe x\u00e9t x\u1eed, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u1ec1u l\u0129nh l\u00e0m c\u00e0n m\u00e0 chu\u1ed1c l\u1ea5y t\u1ed9i! Vua Quang Trung ch\u1ec9 nh\u1ebfch m\u00e9p c\u01b0\u1eddi. \u00d4ng cho v\u1eddi th\u1ea7y La S\u01a1n Phu T\u1eed Nguy\u1ec5n Thi\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ecfi: - Qu\u00e2n Thanh k\u00e9o sang x\u00e2m l\u1ea5n, ta nay l\u00e0m t\u01b0\u1edbng th\u00e2n chinh, theo ti\u00ean sinh th\u00ec vi\u1ec7c th\u00e0nh b\u1ea1i ra sao? Nguy\u1ec5n Thi\u1ebfp t\u00e2u: - Qu\u00e2n Thanh tuy \u0111\u00f4ng v\u00e0 m\u1ea1nh, nh\u01b0ng \u1edf Th\u0103ng Long ch\u00fang h\u00e0 hi\u1ebfp d\u00e2n \u0111en, khinh th\u01b0\u1eddng vua L\u00ea n\u00ean l\u00f2ng d\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng thu\u1eadn m\u00e0 c\u00f2n o\u00e1n gh\u00e9t. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa T\u00f4n S\u0129 Ngh\u1ecb sang \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1eb3ng \u0111\u00e1nh m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, trong b\u1ee5ng t\u1ea5t khinh b\u1ec9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nam n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu ph\u00f2ng b\u1ecb. Ch\u00faa c\u00f4ng ra qu\u00e2n, l\u1ea7n n\u00e0y n\u00ean \u0111\u00e1nh g\u1ea5p \u0111i th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 trong m\u01b0\u01a1i ng\u00e0y l\u00e0 d\u1eb9p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eb7c. N\u1ebfu ch\u1eadm tr\u1ec5, ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u00f2ng th\u00ec kh\u00f3 l\u00f2ng th\u1eafng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Nghe n\u00f3i \u0111\u00fang \u00fd m\u00ecnh vua Quang Trung m\u1eebng r\u1ee1: - Tr\u1eabm ra qu\u00e2n v\u1ed9i v\u00e0ng, ch\u00ednh v\u00ec c\u0169ng c\u00f3 suy ngh\u0129 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. Sau \u0111\u00f3, nh\u00e0 vua cho t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c duy\u1ec7t binh \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u d\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 c\u1ed5 v\u0169 qu\u00e2n s\u0129 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u s\u1ed1ng m\u00e1i v\u1edbi gi\u1eb7c. Ng\u1ed3i tr\u00ean b\u00e0nh voi, ng\u00e0i ra l\u1ec7nh: - Trong c\u00e1c qu\u00e2n c\u1ee7a ta, ai mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e1nh th\u00ec h\u00e3y v\u00ec ta m\u00e0 di\u1ec7t h\u1ebft l\u0169 ch\u00f3 Ng\u00f4. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e1nh, h\u00e3y xem ta ch\u1ec9 trong m\u1ed9t tr\u1eadn gi\u1ebft h\u00e0ng v\u1ea1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho coi, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3i kho\u00e1c \u0111\u00e2u. Qu\u00e2n s\u0129 d\u1ea1 ra nh\u01b0 s\u1ea5m. N\u00fai r\u1eebng rung \u0111\u1ed9ng. Chi\u00eang tr\u1ed1ng vang r\u1ec1n. Qua h\u00f4m sau, vua Quang Trung h\u1ea1 l\u1ec7nh tr\u1ea9y qu\u00e2n. C\u1ee9 ba ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ed9t t\u1ed1p, lu\u00e2n phi\u00ean khi\u00eang v\u00f5ng l\u1eabn cho nhau. Su\u1ed1t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i, ai c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1eb1m v\u00f5ng v\u00e0 khi\u00eang v\u00f5ng. Nh\u1edd v\u1eady h\u1ecd \u0111i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhanh m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng m\u1ea5t s\u1ee9c. L\u00ednh \u0111i tr\u01b0\u1edbc, voi \u0111i theo sau. Ra \u0111\u1ebfn Thanh H\u00f3a, nh\u00e0 vua cho d\u1eebng qu\u00e2n, ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c truy\u1ec1n th\u00eam qu\u00e2n r\u1ed3i l\u00e0m l\u1ec5 tuy\u00ean th\u1ec7 v\u1edbi quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m s\u1eaft \u0111\u00e1: \u0110\u00e1nh cho \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00f3c d\u00e0i \u0110\u00e1nh cho \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111en r\u0103ng \u0110\u00e1nh cho n\u00f3 ch\u00edch lu\u00e2n b\u1ea5t ph\u00e2n 106","T\u1eacP 5: DANH NH\u00c2N QU\u00c2N S\u1ef0 VI\u1ec6T NAM \u0110\u00e1nh cho n\u00f3 phi\u1ebfn gi\u00e1p b\u00e1t ho\u00e0n \u0110\u00e1nh cho s\u1eed tri Nam qu\u1ed1c anh h\u00f9ng chi h\u1eefu ch\u1ee7 Ng\u00e0y 15\/1\/1778 qu\u00e2n T\u00e2y S\u01a1n \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1eadp k\u1ebft \u1edf Tam \u0110i\u1ec7p (Ninh B\u00ecnh). T\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y vua Quang Trung n\u00f3i v\u1edbi Ng\u00f4 Th\u00ec Nh\u1eadm, Ng\u00f4 V\u0103n S\u1edf: - Ch\u00fang n\u00f3 sang phen n\u00e0y l\u00e0 mua l\u1ea5y c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft \u0111\u00f3 th\u00f4i. Ta ra chuy\u1ebfn n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 xem vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1nh, gi\u1eef ra sao, ch\u1ee9 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1eb5n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1ed3i. Ch\u1ec9 n\u1ed9i m\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u00e0y n\u1eefa, ta qu\u00e9t s\u1ea1ch gi\u1eb7c Thanh l\u00e0 xong vi\u1ec7c. Nh\u01b0ng ta l\u1ea1i ngh\u0129, ch\u00fang l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1edbn g\u1ea5p ta m\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea7n, thua m\u1ed9t tr\u1eadn t\u1ea5t ph\u1ea3i r\u1eeda h\u1eddn, nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf th\u00ec binh l\u1eeda k\u00e9o d\u00e0i m\u00e3i, th\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ph\u00fac c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n. L\u00f2ng ta sao n\u1ee1? V\u1eady \u0111\u00e1nh xong tr\u1eadn n\u00e0y, ta nh\u1edd Ng\u00f4 Th\u00ec Nh\u1eadm d\u00f9ng l\u1eddi n\u00f3i kh\u00e9o \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00ecnh ch\u1ec9 chi\u1ebfn tranh, n\u1ed1i l\u1ea1i bang giao h\u00f2a hi\u1ebfu hai n\u01b0\u1edbc. \u0110\u1ee3i m\u01b0\u1eddi n\u0103m n\u1eefa, qu\u00e2n ta m\u1ea1nh, n\u01b0\u1edbc ta gi\u00e0u th\u00ec c\u00f2n s\u1ee3 g\u00ec ch\u00fang n\u1eefa! N\u00f3i xong, ng\u00e0i truy\u1ec1n l\u1ec7nh cho t\u01b0\u1edbng s\u0129 \u0103n T\u1ebft tr\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00f4m tr\u1eeb t\u1ecbch th\u00ec xu\u1ea5t qu\u00e2n, \u0111\u1ecbnh ng\u00e0y 7 th\u00e1ng gi\u00eang th\u00ec v\u00e0o th\u00e0nh Th\u0103ng Long m\u1edf ti\u1ec7c \u0103n m\u1eebng. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, T\u00f4n S\u0129 Ngh\u1ecb \u0111ang \u1edf trong cung T\u00e2y Long b\u00ean b\u1edd s\u00f4ng Nh\u1ecb. \u0110\u00eam giao th\u1eeba \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ebft th\u00fac n\u0103m c\u0169 - 25\/1\/1789 - b\u1ecdn t\u01b0\u1edbng so\u00e1i qu\u00e2n Thanh \u0111ang m\u1edf ti\u1ec7c h\u00e1t x\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00e1o nhi\u1ec7t. C\u00f2n L\u00ea Chi\u00eau Th\u1ed1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng kh\u00fam n\u00fam d\u00e2ng l\u1ec5 v\u1eadt cho c\u00e1c \u201cquan \u0111\u1ea1i nguy\u00ean so\u00e1i c\u1ee7a thi\u00ean tri\u1ec1u\u201d. B\u1ecdn l\u00ednh Thanh noi g\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u0169ng h\u00e1t x\u01b0\u1edbng, c\u1edd b\u1ea1c, r\u01b0\u1ee3u ch\u00e8 ph\u00e8 ph\u1ee1n! Ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 hay bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng qu\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a vua Quang Trung \u0111\u00e3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t s\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1n (1) v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng ch\u1ed1t ti\u1ec1n ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 L\u00ea. Nh\u01b0 tr\u1ee9ng ch\u1ecdi v\u1edbi \u0111\u00e1, qu\u00e2n nh\u00e0 L\u00ea tan v\u1ee1 nhanh ch\u00f3ng. Th\u1eeba th\u1eafng, vua Quang Trung cho \u0111\u1ea1i qu\u00e2n \u0111\u00e1nh lu\u00f4n c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3n qu\u00e2n Thanh \u1edf b\u1edd b\u1eafc s\u00f4ng Nguy\u1ec7t Quy\u1ebft (huy\u1ec7n Thanh Li\u00eam) v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3n Nh\u1eadt T\u1ea3o (huy\u1ec7n Duy Ti\u00ean). G\u1ecdng k\u00ecm si\u1ebft ch\u1eb7t. Kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t t\u00ean ch\u1ea1y tho\u00e1t. Ngay c\u1ea3 b\u1ecdn do th\u00e1m c\u0169ng b\u1ecb truy k\u00edch r\u00e1o ri\u1ebft v\u00e0 t\u00f3m (1) S\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1n: c\u00f3 s\u00e1ch ghi l\u00e0 s\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1n Th\u1ee7y ho\u1eb7c Gi\u00e1n Kh\u1ea9u: Ng\u00e3 ba s\u00f4ng \u0110\u00e1y v\u00e0 s\u00f4ng Ho\u00e0ng Long, c\u00e1ch Ninh B\u00ecnh 10km, c\u00e1ch Nho Quan 23km. C\u1ea7u tr\u00ean s\u00f4ng Ho\u00e0ng Long, g\u1ecdi t\u1eaft l\u00e0 c\u1ea7u Gi\u00e1o tr\u00ean Qu\u1ed1c l\u1ed9 1A \u1edf km 83. \u0110\u00eam 30 T\u1ebft M\u1eadu Th\u00e2n (1789) qu\u00e2n T\u00e2y S\u01a1n \u0111\u00e1nh tan qu\u00e2n nh\u00e0 L\u00ea (S\u1ed5 tay \u0111\u1ecba danh Vi\u1ec7t Nam - tr.203). 107","B\u1ed8 S\u00c1CH K\u1ec2 CHUY\u1ec6N DANH NH\u00c2N VI\u1ec6T NAM V\u00f3 ng\u1ef1a b\u00e1ch chi\u1ebfn b\u00e1ch th\u1eafng g\u1ecdn. Do \u0111\u00f3, qu\u00e2n T\u00e2y S\u01a1n ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ebfn Ph\u00fa Y\u00ean - c\u00e1ch Th\u0103ng Long tr\u00ean 30km - ph\u00e1 tung c\u00e1c tuy\u1ebfn ph\u00f2ng ng\u1ef1 m\u00e0 qu\u00e2n Thanh t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed3n H\u00e0 H\u1ed3i tr\u1edf ra v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng hay bi\u1ebft. N\u1eeda \u0111\u00eam m\u1ed3ng 3 T\u1ebft K\u1ef7 D\u1eadu - 28\/1\/1789 - qu\u00e2n T\u00e2y S\u01a1n b\u00ed m\u1eadt bao v\u00e2y \u0111\u1ed3n H\u00e0 H\u1ed3i (thu\u1ed9c x\u00e3 H\u1ed3ng Phong, huy\u1ec7n Th\u01b0\u1eddng T\u00edn, H\u00e0 T\u00e2y). \u0110\u1ec3 uy hi\u1ebfp tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a gi\u1eb7c, vua Quang Trung cho b\u1eafc loa g\u1ecdi h\u00e0ng r\u1ed3i d\u1eb7n khi ng\u00e0i g\u1ecdi: \u201cB\u1edb ba qu\u00e2n\u201d th\u00ec qu\u00e2n l\u00ednh lu\u00e2n phi\u00ean nhau d\u1ea1 ran \u0111\u1ec3 h\u01b0\u1edfng \u1ee9ng nghe nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 h\u01a1n v\u1ea1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi! Gi\u1eb7c Thanh kh\u00f4ng ng\u1edd c\u00f3 qu\u00e2n T\u00e2y S\u01a1n \u0111\u00e1nh, b\u1eebng t\u1ec9nh d\u1eady nghe nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfng h\u00f4 nh\u01b0 s\u1ea5m vang th\u00ec h\u1ed3n xi\u00eau ph\u00e1ch l\u1ea1c, tay ch\u00e2n r\u1ee5ng r\u1eddi, khi\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed5i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 s\u1ee9c chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u. Ch\u00fang k\u00e9o c\u1edd \u0111\u1ea7u h\u00e0ng. Kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed1n m\u1ed9t h\u00f2n t\u00ean m\u0169i \u0111\u1ea1n, qu\u00e2n T\u00e2y S\u01a1n \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ea1 th\u00e0nh H\u00e0 H\u1ed3i d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng nh\u01b0 l\u1eadt b\u00e0n tay! Qua ng\u00e0y m\u1ed3ng 4 T\u1ebft, vua Quang Trung cho ti\u1ebfn qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e2y \u0111\u1ed3n Ng\u1ecdc H\u1ed3i. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ki\u00ean c\u1ed1, c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng 3 v\u1ea1n t\u00ean l\u00ednh tinh nhu\u1ec7, d\u01b0\u1edbi quy\u1ec1n ch\u1ec9 huy c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed1c H\u1ee9a Th\u1ebf Hanh. 108","T\u1eacP 5: DANH NH\u00c2N QU\u00c2N S\u1ef0 VI\u1ec6T NAM Tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang v\u1ed9i v\u00e0ng c\u1ea5p b\u00e1o cho T\u00f4n S\u0129 Ngh\u1ecb. Chi\u1ebfn thu\u1eadt h\u00e0nh qu\u00e2n th\u1ea7n t\u1ed1c, ti\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng th\u1ea7n t\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n T\u00e2y S\u01a1n khi\u1ebfn vi\u00ean t\u01b0\u1edbng l\u00e3o luy\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 T\u00f4n S\u0129 Ngh\u1ecb ph\u1ea3i kinh ng\u1ea1c m\u00e0 th\u1ed1t l\u00ean: - Th\u1eadt l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edbng \u1edf tr\u00ean tr\u1eddi, qu\u00e2n \u1edf d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t chui l\u00ean! Sao m\u00e0 th\u1ea7n k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf? Sau \u0111\u00f3, h\u1eafn cho qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebfn ti\u1ebfp vi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed3n Ng\u1ecdc H\u1ed3i. Theo binh ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a T\u00f4n T\u1eed th\u00ec \u201cv\u00e2y \u0111\u1ed3n, v\u00e2y th\u00e0nh m\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh l\u00e0 k\u00e9m nh\u1ea5t\u201d v\u00ec \u201cph\u1ea3i chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb r\u1ea5t l\u00e2u, v\u00e2y \u0111\u00e1nh nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00e0y, hao binh t\u1ed1n s\u1ee9c, m\u00e0 c\u00f3 khi kh\u00f4ng l\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u201d. Th\u1eeba bi\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3, nh\u01b0ng vua Quang Trung v\u1eabn quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e2y \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed3n Ng\u1ecdc H\u1ed3i, v\u00ec ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 v\u1ea1ch ra m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfn thu\u1eadt chu \u0111\u00e1o v\u00e0 n\u1eafm ch\u1eafc t\u00e2m l\u00fd c\u1ee7a gi\u1eb7c \u0111ang hoang mang, ho\u1ea3ng s\u1ee3 n\u1ebfu \u0111\u00e1nh th\u1ea7n t\u1ed1c th\u00ec t\u1ea5t th\u1eafng. T\u1edd m\u1edd s\u00e1ng ng\u00e0y m\u1ed3ng 5 T\u1ebft, b\u1ea5t th\u00ecnh l\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n T\u00e2y S\u01a1n t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng v\u00e0o m\u1eb7t nam c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed3n. M\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u cho chi\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng binh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n th\u1ea7n th\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u1eb7c. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng l\u00e0n t\u00ean t\u1eeb trong \u0111\u1ed3n b\u1eafn ra nh\u01b0 m\u01b0a, h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m con voi nh\u01b0 ch\u00f9n b\u01b0\u1edbc, qu\u00e2n T\u00e2y S\u01a1n \u0111\u00e3 nhanh tr\u00ed l\u1ea5y r\u01a1m t\u1ea9m d\u1ea7u m\u00e0 bu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o \u0111u\u00f4i ch\u00fang r\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ed1t l\u1eeda. Voi b\u1ecb n\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e3 h\u00f9ng h\u1ed5 x\u00f4ng \u00e0o \u00e0o v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda gi\u1eb7c. C\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed3n b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 toang. Voi chi\u1ebfn l\u1ed3ng l\u00ean nh\u01b0 ch\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Ng\u1ef1a c\u1ee7a gi\u1eb7c th\u1ea5y voi th\u00ec s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i h\u00ed l\u00ean, l\u1ed3ng l\u1ed9n, ch\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1p l\u00ean nhau m\u00e0 ch\u1ea1y. Qu\u00e2n T\u00e2y S\u01a1n th\u1eeba th\u1eafng lao l\u00ean. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9i qu\u00e2n c\u1ea3m t\u1eed, g\u1ed3m 600 ng\u01b0\u1eddi, chia l\u00e0m nhi\u1ec1u to\u00e1n, m\u1ed7i to\u00e1n 10 ng\u01b0\u1eddi. H\u1ecd l\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng t\u1ea5m m\u1ed9c, ngo\u00e0i b\u00f3 r\u01a1m \u01b0\u1edbt v\u00e0 c\u1ecf \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh v\u1eadt ch\u1eafn l\u1ee3i h\u1ea1i. C\u1ee9 m\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u01b0\u1eddi khi\u00eang m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m, l\u01b0ng d\u1eaft theo dao. C\u1ea3 hai m\u01b0\u01a1i to\u00e1n qu\u00e2n c\u00f9ng d\u00e0n h\u00e0ng ngang th\u00e0nh th\u1ebf tr\u1eadn ch\u1eef nh\u1ea5t (-) \u0111\u1ed3ng lo\u1ea1t x\u00f4ng l\u00ean nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng di \u0111\u1ed9ng. Ph\u00eda sau, vua Quang Trung ng\u1ed3i tr\u00ean b\u00e0nh voi th\u00fac qu\u00e2n ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean. Theo l\u1ec7nh nh\u00e0 vua, qu\u00e2n l\u00ednh \u0111\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 ki\u1ebfn c\u1ecf, \u1ed3 \u1ea1t nh\u01b0 n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ee7y tri\u1ec1u d\u00e2ng l\u00ean, ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0o th\u00e0nh chi vi\u1ec7n cho \u0111\u1ed9i qu\u00e2n xung k\u00edch. Nh\u1eefng t\u1ea5m r\u01a1m c\u1ecf \u01b0\u1edbt \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m v\u00f4 hi\u1ec7u h\u00f3a cung t\u00ean, \u0111\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a gi\u1eb7c \u0111ang b\u1eafn x\u1ed1i x\u1ea3! Khi qu\u00e2n T\u00e2y S\u01a1n ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0o g\u1ea7n chi\u1ebfn l\u0169y, t\u01b0\u1edbng ti\u00ean phong c\u1ee7a gi\u1eb7c l\u00e0 Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng S\u0129 Long t\u1ee9c gi\u1eadn sai \u0111\u1ed1t h\u1ecfa h\u1ed5, kh\u00f3i b\u1ed1c l\u00ean m\u00f9 tr\u1eddi c\u00e1ch m\u1ed9t gang tay c\u0169ng nh\u00ecn kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 m\u1eb7t. Nh\u01b0ng trong ch\u1ed1c l\u00e1t, tr\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed9t nhi\u00ean tr\u1edf gi\u00f3, kh\u00f3 th\u1ed1c v\u00e0o c\u1ea3 trong \u0111\u1ed3n, cu\u1ed3n cu\u1ed9n, m\u1ecbt m\u00f9 khi\u1ebfn gi\u1eb7c Thanh r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n. 109","B\u1ed8 S\u00c1CH K\u1ec2 CHUY\u1ec6N DANH NH\u00c2N VI\u1ec6T NAM Qu\u00e2n T\u00e2y S\u01a1n v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 v\u0169 b\u00e3o, b\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea1i b\u00e1c, cung t\u00ean v\u00e0 h\u1ecfa h\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a gi\u1eb7c. Ch\u1ed1ng c\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng n\u1ed5i, gi\u1eb7c b\u1ecf ch\u1ea1y t\u00e1n lo\u1ea1n, gi\u00e0y x\u00e9o l\u00ean nhau m\u00e0 ch\u1ebft. Th\u00e2y n\u1eb1m ng\u1ed5n ngang. M\u00e1u ch\u1ea3y nh\u01b0 su\u1ed1i. Gi\u1eb7c Thanh \u0111\u1ea1i b\u1ea1i. \u0110\u1ecba b\u1ea3n doanh Ng\u1ecdc H\u1ed3i c\u1ee7a gi\u1eb7c b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y, ch\u00ecm trong bi\u1ec3n l\u1eeda. \u0110\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed1c H\u1ee9a Th\u1ebf Hanh, T\u1ed5ng binh Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng Duy Th\u0103ng v\u00e0 h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0n qu\u00e2n gi\u1eb7c \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecf m\u1ea1ng! \u0110\u00e1m t\u00e0n binh c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i theo T\u1ed5ng binh Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng Tri\u1ec1u Long t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00e1o ch\u1ea1y v\u1ec1 Th\u0103ng Long. Thi\u00ean t\u00e0i qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 Quang Trung \u0111\u00e3 ti\u00ean li\u1ec7u tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed s\u1eb5n m\u1ed9t to\u00e1n qu\u00e2n nghi binh, gi\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1edd, \u0111\u00e1nh tr\u1ed1ng \u1ea7m \u0129 \u1edf m\u1eb7t ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng, gi\u1eb7c ho\u1ea3ng s\u1ee3 bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i th\u00e1o ch\u1ea1y v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda t\u00e2y. Th\u00ecnh l\u00ecnh, t\u1eeb l\u00e0ng \u0110\u1ea1i \u00c1ng (huy\u1ec7n Thanh Tr\u00ec) \u0111\u1ed9i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng binh c\u1ee7a T\u00e2y S\u01a1n \u0111\u00e1nh th\u1ed1c ra. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ed5 v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda \u0111\u1ea7m M\u1ef1c (Thanh Tr\u00ec) r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn v\u00e0 l\u1ea7y l\u1ed9i. T\u1eed \u0111\u1ecba n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ecdn s\u1eb5n \u0111\u1ec3 voi gi\u00e0y ng\u1ef1a x\u00e9o \u0111\u00e1m t\u00e0n binh th\u1ea5t tr\u1eadn! H\u00e0ng v\u1ea1n gi\u1eb7c Thanh b\u1ecf x\u00e1c t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3. C\u0169ng trong th\u1eddi gian n\u00e0y, m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1i binh kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a T\u00e2y S\u01a1n \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed3n Kh\u01b0\u01a1ng Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng (\u0110\u1ed1ng \u0110a - H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i) ph\u00eda t\u00e2y nam th\u00e0nh Th\u0103ng Long. T\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a gi\u1eb7c l\u00e0 S\u1ea7m Nghi \u0110\u1ed1ng khi\u1ebfp s\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ebfn tuy\u1ec7t v\u1ecdng h\u1ed1t ho\u1ea3ng ch\u1ea1y l\u00ean g\u00f2 \u0110\u1ed1ng \u0110a th\u1eaft c\u1ed5 t\u1ef1 t\u1eed! C\u00f2n T\u00f4n S\u0129 Ngh\u1ecb, khi nghe c\u1ea5p b\u00e1o c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3n Ng\u1ecdc H\u1ed3i, Kh\u01b0\u01a1ng Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t, h\u1eafn ch\u01b0a k\u1ecbp \u0111\u1ed9ng binh th\u00ec \u0111\u1ea1i binh c\u1ee7a T\u00e2y S\u01a1n \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0o Th\u0103ng Long v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9i k\u00ee binh \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ecdc v\u00e0o t\u1eadn cung T\u00e2y Long! T\u00f4n S\u0129 Ngh\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft xoay s\u1edf th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, trong l\u00fac khi\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ea3m t\u1ed9t c\u00f9ng, h\u1eafn kh\u00f4ng k\u1ecbp m\u1eb7t \u00e1o gi\u00e1p nh\u1ea3y l\u00ean ng\u1ef1a ch\u01b0a k\u1ecbp th\u1eafng y\u00ean r\u1ed3i v\u01b0\u1ee3t c\u1ea7u phao s\u00f4ng Nh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ed1n ch\u1ea1y v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda B\u1eafc. Nghe tin ch\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng b\u1ecf ch\u1ea1y, gi\u1eb7c Thanh \u0111\u1ec1u ho\u1ea3ng h\u1ed3n, tan t\u00e1c ch\u1ea1y theo, tranh nhau qua c\u1ea7u sang s\u00f4ng, x\u00f4 \u0111\u1ea9y nhau r\u01a1i xu\u1ed1ng s\u00f4ng m\u00e0 ch\u1ebft r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u. S\u1ee3 Quang Trung s\u1ebd l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng c\u1ea7u phao n\u00e0y m\u00e0 \u0111u\u1ed5i theo, n\u00ean qua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u00f4ng, T\u00f4n S\u0129 Ngh\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng ng\u1ea7n ng\u1ea1i ra l\u1ec7nh c\u1eaft \u0111\u1ee9t c\u1ea7u phao! H\u00e0ng v\u1ea1n gi\u1eb7c Thanh b\u1ecb r\u01a1i xu\u1ed1ng s\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eafc ngh\u1ebdn kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea3y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c! T\u00f4n S\u0129 Ngh\u1ecb v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a y\u00ean th\u00e2n, tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00e1o ch\u1ea1y, h\u1eafn nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n b\u1ecb qu\u00e2n T\u00e2y S\u01a1n truy k\u00edch. Do \u0111\u00f3, h\u1eafn kh\u00f4ng d\u00e1m \u0111i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e1i, m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i lu\u1ed3n r\u1eebng l\u1ed9i su\u1ed1i, \u0111i su\u1ed1t ng\u00e0y \u0111\u00eam kh\u00f4ng d\u00e1m ngh\u1ec9 ng\u01a1i. M\u00e3i \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ea3y ng\u00e0y sau, h\u1eafn m\u1edbi l\u00ea l\u1ebft v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u1ea5n Nam Quan trong \u0111\u00f3i 110","T\u1eacP 5: DANH NH\u00c2N QU\u00c2N S\u1ef0 VI\u1ec6T NAM kh\u00e1t, khi\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ea3m! L\u00f3t t\u00f3t ch\u1ea1y theo \u0111\u00e1m t\u00e0n binh T\u00f4n S\u0129 Ngh\u1ecb c\u00f2n c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 vua t\u00f4i L\u00ea Chi\u00eau Th\u1ed1ng! Trong l\u00fac b\u1ecdn gi\u1eb7c Thanh th\u1ea5t th\u1ec3u ch\u1ea1y v\u1ec1 n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00ec tr\u01b0a ng\u00e0y m\u1ed3ng 5 T\u1ebft, vua Quang Trung \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t \u1edf Th\u0103ng Long. Chi\u1ebfc chi\u1ebfn b\u00e0o m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ecf c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb danh t\u01b0\u1edbng l\u1eaby l\u1eebng nay \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eabm m\u00e0u thu\u1ed1c s\u00fang! \u0110\u00fang l\u1eddi h\u1ee9a c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0y, ng\u00e0y m\u1ed3ng 7 T\u1ebft, qu\u00e2n T\u00e2y S\u01a1n \u0111\u00e3 vui v\u1ebb \u0103n T\u1ebft khai h\u1ea1 t\u1ea1i kinh Vua Quang Trung do C\u00e0n Long sai th\u1ee3 v\u1ebd th\u00e0nh Th\u0103ng Long. Chi\u1ebfn (th\u1eadt ra \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 Ph\u1ea1m C\u00f4ng Tr\u1ecb - ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3ng gi\u1ea3 vua th\u1eafng m\u00f9a xu\u00e2n n\u0103m K\u1ef7 Quang Trung \u0111i s\u1ee9 l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3) D\u1eadu l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3n h\u00e1ch v\u00e0o b\u1eadc nh\u1ea5t trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ch\u1ed1ng ngo\u1ea1i x\u00e2m c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c ta. Ch\u1ec9 trong v\u00f2ng 5 ng\u00e0y (t\u1eeb 30\/12 n\u0103m M\u1eadu Th\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebfn 5\/1 n\u0103m K\u1ef7 D\u1eadu - t\u1ee9c ng\u00e0y 25 \u0111\u1ebfn 30\/1\/1789) d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a danh t\u01b0\u1edbng b\u00e1ch chi\u1ebfn b\u00e1ch th\u1eafng Nguy\u1ec5n Hu\u1ec7 - Quang Trung, d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c ta \u0111\u00e3 qu\u00e9t s\u1ea1ch 20 v\u1ea1n gi\u1eb7c Thanh ra kh\u1ecfi b\u1edd c\u00f5i. Nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 Ng\u00f4 Ng\u1ecdc Du \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vinh d\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng trong s\u1ed1ng trong gi\u00e2y ph\u00fat hi\u1ec3n h\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u00e3 ghi l\u1ea1i: Gi\u1eb7c \u0111\u00e2u t\u00e0n b\u1ea1o sang \u0111i\u00ean cu\u1ed3ng, Qu\u00e2n vua m\u1ed9t tr\u1eadn oai b\u1ed1n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. Th\u1ea7n t\u1ed1c ru\u1ed5i d\u00e0i x\u00f4ng th\u1eb3ng t\u1edbi, Nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean tr\u1eddi xu\u1ed1ng ai d\u00e1m \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng. M\u1ed9t tr\u1eadn r\u1ed3ng l\u1eeda gi\u1eb7c tan t\u00e0nh, B\u1ecf th\u00e0nh c\u01b0\u1edbp \u0111\u00f3 tr\u1ed1n cho nhanh. Ba qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 ch\u1ec9nh t\u1ec1 ti\u1ebfn, Tr\u0103m h\u1ecd ch\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng vui ti\u1ebfp ngh\u00eanh. 111","B\u1ed8 S\u00c1CH K\u1ec2 CHUY\u1ec6N DANH NH\u00c2N VI\u1ec6T NAM M\u00e2y t\u1ea1nh m\u00f9 tan tr\u1eddi l\u1ea1i s\u00e1ng, \u0110\u1ea7y th\u00e0nh gi\u00e0 tr\u1ebb m\u1eb7t nh\u01b0 hoa. Chen vai s\u00e1t c\u00e1nh c\u00f9ng nhau n\u00f3i: - Kinh \u0111\u00f4 s\u00f4ng n\u00fai thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 ta. Sau khi chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng, kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n k\u00e9o d\u00e0i chi\u1ebfn tranh, tr\u00e1nh g\u00e2y kh\u1ed5 s\u1edf cho nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, vua Quang Trung kh\u00f4n kh\u00e9o gi\u1ea3ng h\u00f2a v\u1edbi nh\u00e0 Thanh. Vua C\u00e0n Long \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd, sai s\u1ee9 sang phong ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 An Nam Qu\u1ed1c V\u01b0\u01a1ng - nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng bu\u1ed9c ng\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i sang \u201cthi\u00ean tri\u1ec1u\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ea7u. Nh\u01b0ng vua Quang Trung t\u00ecm c\u1edb tho\u00e1i th\u00e1c. Sau nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n vua Thanh th\u00fac gi\u1ee5c, ng\u00e0i b\u00e8n ch\u1ecdn ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh dung gi\u1ed1ng m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 Ph\u1ea1m C\u00f4ng Tr\u1ecb cho \u0111\u00f3ng gi\u1ea3 vai qu\u1ed1c v\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f9ng Ng\u00f4 V\u0103n S\u1edf, \u0110\u1eb7ng V\u0103n Ch\u00e2n, Phan Huy \u00cdch\u2026 sang ch\u1ea7u vua C\u00e0n Long. Sang \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i, vua nh\u00e0 Thanh t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e0 Quan Trung th\u1eadt n\u00ean \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e3i r\u1ea5t tr\u1ecdng th\u1ec3, th\u00e2n m\u1eadt. \u0110\u1ebfn l\u00fac \u0111o\u00e0n v\u1ec1 n\u01b0\u1edbc, l\u1ea1i sai th\u1ee3 v\u1ebd b\u1ee9c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ea7n! \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 b\u1ee9c \u1ea3nh m\u00e0 ng\u00e0y nay ta th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ea5y. \u0110\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00e1i b\u00ecnh, vua Quang Trung tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 Ph\u00fa Xu\u00e2n. Ng\u00e0i chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb l\u1eadp kinh \u0111\u00f4 \u1edf n\u00fai Quy\u1ebft L\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i Quang Trung t\u1ea1i B\u00ecnh \u0110\u1ecbnh 112","T\u1eacP 5: DANH NH\u00c2N QU\u00c2N S\u1ef0 VI\u1ec6T NAM \u1ea4n \u201cS\u1eafc m\u1ec7nh chi b\u1ea3o\u201d c\u1ee7a vua Quang Trung (Ngh\u1ec7 An) g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ho\u00e0ng Trung \u0110\u00f4 c\u00f9ng nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 kh\u00e1c. Ch\u1ec9 ti\u1ebfc r\u1eb1ng, ng\u00e0i m\u1ea5t s\u1edbm n\u00ean ch\u01b0a th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch l\u1edbn. M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u1ea7u h\u00f4n v\u1edbi con g\u00e1i vua C\u00e0n Long \u0111\u1ec3 g\u00e2y \u00e1p l\u1ef1c \u0111\u00f2i l\u1ea1i L\u01b0\u1ee1ng Qu\u1ea3ng \u0111ang b\u1ecb \u201cthi\u00ean tri\u1ec1u\u201d chi\u1ebfm gi\u1eef. Vua Quang Trung m\u1ea5t v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 29 th\u00e1ng 7 n\u0103m Nh\u00e2m T\u00fd v\u00e0o gi\u1edd D\u1ea1 T\u00fd, t\u1ee9c ng\u00e0y 16\/9\/1792 - kho\u1ea3ng t\u1eeb 11 gi\u1edd \u0111\u1ebfn 12 gi\u1edd khuya. Theo nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 s\u1eed h\u1ecdc th\u00ec ch\u1ee9ng b\u1ec7nh g\u00e2y t\u1eed vong cho vua Quang Trung l\u00e0 \u201ctai bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea1ch m\u00e1u n\u00e3o\u201d m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u01b0a g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201chuy\u1ec5n v\u1eadn\u201d. C\u00e1i ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i \u201cl\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t l\u1edbn cho phong tr\u00e0o T\u00e2y S\u01a1n v\u00e0 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c ta h\u1ed3i cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XVIII. Cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 vua, k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb khi 18 tu\u1ed5i tham gia kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a cho \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac 39 tu\u1ed5i t\u1eeb tr\u1ea7n l\u00e0 b\u00e0i ca tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u201canh h\u00f9ng \u00e1o v\u1ea3i\u201d \u0111\u00e3 chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u ki\u00ean c\u01b0\u1eddng cho quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n v\u00e0 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, cho \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u00e0 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a T\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c\u201d. (L\u1ecbch s\u1eed Vi\u1ec7t Nam, t\u1eadp I. tr 368). 113","B\u1ed8 S\u00c1CH K\u1ec2 CHUY\u1ec6N DANH NH\u00c2N VI\u1ec6T NAM Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ecbnh M\u1ea5y tr\u1eadn G\u00f2 C\u00f4ng n\u1ee9c ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ed3n N\u1eafng chi\u1ec1u tr\u1ea3i d\u00e0i tr\u00ean s\u00f4ng Tr\u00e0 Kh\u00fac, b\u1edd b\u1eafc s\u00f4ng l\u00e0 huy\u1ec7n B\u00ecnh S\u01a1n. N\u0103m 1820, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t con c\u1ecdp tr\u1eafng th\u01b0\u1eddng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u1edf trong n\u00fai Xu\u00e2n S\u01a1n. Con c\u1ecdp n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m h\u1ea1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 gia c\u1ea7m, n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 b\u1ecdn tr\u1ed9m c\u1eafp th\u00ec c\u1ecdp th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00f3n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111u\u1ed5i \u0111i. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00f2 c\u00e1 ban \u0111\u00eam \u1edf d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u00f4ng, th\u1ea5y c\u1ecdp \u0111i ven b\u1edd s\u00f4ng th\u00ec n\u00e9m c\u00e1 cho \u0103n. C\u00f3 s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a con c\u1ecdp n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c con \u1ea2nh th\u1edd anh h\u00f9ng Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng C\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ecbnh t\u1ea1i G\u00f2 C\u00f4ng c\u1ecdp kh\u00e1c ph\u1ea3i l\u00e1nh xa, kh\u00f4ng d\u00e1m \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n. Th\u1ea5y c\u1ecdp d\u0169ng m\u00e3nh m\u00e0 l\u1ea1i hi\u1ec1n l\u00e0nh n\u00ean nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n b\u00e8n vi\u1ebft kho\u00e1n \u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 trong n\u00fai, t\u00f4n c\u1ecdp l\u00e0m \u201c\u00f4ng anh c\u1ea3\u201d, ph\u00e0m g\u1eb7p l\u00fac t\u1ebf t\u1ef1 th\u00ec \u0111em \u0111\u1ea7u l\u1ee3n, b\u00f2 \u0111\u1ebfn cho c\u1ecdp. R\u1ed3i m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00eam n\u1ecd, b\u00f3ng tr\u0103ng nh\u1ee3t nh\u1ea1t, con c\u1ecdp tr\u1eafng b\u1ed7ng g\u1ea7m l\u00ean d\u1eef d\u1ed9i, t\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u1eebng nh\u01b0 c\u1ea3 n\u00fai Xu\u00e2n S\u01a1n rung 114","T\u1eacP 5: DANH NH\u00c2N QU\u00c2N S\u1ef0 VI\u1ec6T NAM chuy\u1ec3n. L\u1ea1 thay! L\u00fac \u1ea5y, t\u1ea1i th\u00f4n Tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u1ecbnh, thu\u1ed9c x\u00e3 T\u01b0 Cung, huy\u1ec7n B\u00ecnh S\u01a1n, trong c\u0103n nh\u00e0 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng quan Th\u1ee7y v\u1ec7 v\u1ec7 \u00fay Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng C\u1ea7m c\u0169ng oa oa ti\u1ebfng kh\u00f3c ch\u00e0o \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb. \u0110\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean l\u00e0 Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ecbnh. L\u1edbn l\u00ean, ch\u00e0ng c\u00f3 g\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1eb7t kh\u00f4i ng\u00f4 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t th\u01b0 sinh, nh\u01b0ng \u00edt ai ng\u1edd ch\u00e0ng l\u1ea1i r\u1ea5t tinh th\u00f4ng v\u00f5 ngh\u1ec7, s\u0103n b\u1eafn gi\u1ecfi v\u00e0 ham \u0111\u1ecdc binh th\u01b0. \u0110\u1ea7u xu\u00e2n n\u0103m 1844, \u00f4ng Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng C\u1ea7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh c\u1eed l\u00e0m L\u00e3nh binh Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh, Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00e3 theo cha v\u00e0o Nam l\u1eadp nghi\u1ec7p. L\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd, ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o cu\u1ed9c ch\u1ea1y \u0111ua kh\u1ed1c li\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1edbi. N\u00fap sau t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c h\u1ed9i truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o, Pigneau de B\u00e9haine kho\u00e1c \u00e1o gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00e3 m\u00f2 \u0111\u1ebfn Vi\u1ec7t Nam d\u1ecdn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cho th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u01b0\u1edbc ta. T\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh trong n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang r\u1ed1i ren. Th\u00e1ng gi\u00eang n\u0103m 1852, vua T\u1ef1 \u0110\u1ee9c chu\u1ea9n y l\u1eddi t\u00e2u c\u1ee7a danh t\u01b0\u1edbng Nguy\u1ec5n Tri Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng - Kinh l\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ee9 Nam k\u1ef3 - l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea1m nh\u00e2n, d\u00e2n xi\u00eau t\u00e1n \u0111i khai kh\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ea5t hoang \u1edf c\u00e1i x\u1ee9 \u201cd\u01b0\u1edbi s\u00f4ng c\u00e1 l\u1ed9i, tr\u00ean r\u1eebng c\u1ecdp um\u201d, \u201cchim k\u00eau nh\u01b0 h\u00e1t b\u1ed9i, c\u00e1 l\u1ed9i t\u1ef1a m\u1eafm n\u00eam\u201d. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t ph\u00eda Nam, nh\u1eefng l\u01b0u d\u00e2n n\u00e0y khai kh\u1ea9n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao nhi\u00eau th\u00ec cho gi\u1eef l\u00e0m s\u1ea3n nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi. Qua \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1853, tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh chu\u1ea9n cho Nam k\u1ef3 thi h\u00e0nh ph\u00e9p m\u1edf \u0111\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec1n v\u00e0 l\u1eadp \u1ea5p: c\u1ee9 50 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9i, 500 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t c\u01a1. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o m\u1ed9 l\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9i th\u00ec cho t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9i, m\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed5 ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed9i v\u00e0 th\u00ed sai (1) ph\u00f3 qu\u1ea3n c\u01a1. Theo ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y, Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 c\u1ee7a gia \u0111\u00ecnh b\u00ean v\u1ee3 n\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ee9ng ra l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec1n \u1edf \u0111\u1ea5t Gia Thu\u1eadn thu\u1ed9c v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh. V\u1ed1n l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tinh th\u00f4ng v\u00f5 ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 \u00f4m \u1ea5p nh\u1eefng ho\u00e0i b\u00e3o l\u1edbn n\u00ean nh\u1eefng l\u01b0u d\u00e2n trong \u0111\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ecbnh ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c khai hoang, c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch luy\u1ec7n t\u1eadp v\u00f5 ngh\u1ec7 \u201ckhi chi\u1ebfn tranh th\u00ec ra tr\u1eadn, khi b\u00ecnh th\u00ec lo c\u00e0y cu\u1ed1c\u201d. Ch\u00ednh nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n ngh\u00e8o, d\u00e2n l\u01b0u vong kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00ean trong s\u1ed5 \u0111inh s\u1ebd l\u00e0 l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u ch\u1ed1ng ngo\u1ea1i x\u00e2m d\u01b0\u1edbi ng\u1ecdn c\u1edd c\u1ee7a Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ecbnh. Do c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9ng ra l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec1n n\u00ean \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c phong ch\u1ee9c ph\u00f3 Qu\u1ea3n c\u01a1 r\u1ed3i sau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u0103ng Qu\u1ea3n c\u01a1. Gi\u1eefa (1) Th\u00ed sai: ch\u1ee9c vi\u00ean ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0o ch\u00ednh ng\u1ea1ch, c\u00f2n d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1eed xem c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch kh\u00f4ng. (T\u1ef1 \u0111i\u1ec3n H\u00e1n Vi\u1ec7t - \u0110\u00e0o Duy Anh). 115","B\u1ed8 S\u00c1CH K\u1ec2 CHUY\u1ec6N DANH NH\u00c2N VI\u1ec6T NAM l\u00fac n\u00e0y v\u1eadn m\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c ta \u0111ang \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc nguy c\u01a1 x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a gi\u1eb7c Ph\u00e1p, th\u00e1ng gi\u00eang n\u0103m 1861, trung t\u01b0\u1edbng Charner \u0111em 70 chi\u1ebfn thuy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 3.500 qu\u00e2n \u0111\u00e1nh chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed3n K\u1ef3 H\u00f2a. Danh t\u01b0\u1edbng Nguy\u1ec5n Tri Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ki\u00ean c\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ed1ng c\u1ef1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a gi\u1eb7c hung h\u0103ng nh\u01b0 h\u1ed5 \u0111\u00f3i. Ph\u00f3 Qu\u1ea3n c\u01a1 Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ecbnh c\u0169ng k\u00e9o qu\u00e2n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, Nguy\u1ec5n Tri Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00fang \u0111\u1ea1n b\u1ecb th\u01b0\u01a1ng, em ru\u1ed9t c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng l\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n Duy b\u1ecb t\u1eed tr\u1eadn, \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed3n K\u1ef3 H\u00f2a b\u1ecb gi\u1eb7c chi\u1ebfm. Qu\u00e2n tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3i r\u00fat lui v\u1ec1 tr\u1ea5n gi\u1eef Bi\u00ean H\u00f2a. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y, Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ecbnh quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0a qu\u00e2n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 T\u00e2n H\u00f2a (G\u00f2 C\u00f4ng) \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u0103n c\u1ee9 kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn l\u00e2u d\u00e0i. \u0110\u1ecba th\u1ebf n\u01a1i n\u00e0y thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i cho vi\u1ec7c d\u1ee5ng binh, \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai m\u00e0u m\u1ee1, d\u00e2n c\u01b0 \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fac c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chi\u00eau t\u1eadp ngh\u0129a binh v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 t\u00fac s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c trong chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u. L\u00fac n\u00e0y, gi\u1eb7c Ph\u00e1p \u0111ang t\u1eadp trung \u0111\u00e1nh chi\u1ebfm Bi\u00ean H\u00f2a, V\u0129nh Long n\u00ean ch\u00fang ch\u1ec9 xem l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 th\u1ee9 \u201cgi\u1eb7c c\u1ecf\u201d nh\u1ecf m\u1ecdn, kh\u00f4ng th\u00e8m \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1eaft \u0111\u1ebfn. Tranh th\u1ee7 th\u1eddi gian n\u00e0y, Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ecbnh chi\u00eau m\u1ed9 ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n v\u00e0 tr\u1eef l\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0111\u00fac s\u00fang. Nh\u1eefng s\u0129 phu y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u01b0 V\u00f5 Duy D\u01b0\u01a1ng, Phan V\u0103n \u0110\u1ea1t, Phan V\u0103n Tr\u1ecb, H\u1ed3 Hu\u1ea5n Nghi\u1ec7p\u2026 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 huy binh l\u1ef1c. Nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 Nguy\u1ec5n \u0110\u00ecnh Chi\u1ec3u nh\u1eadn l\u00e0m qu\u00e2n s\u01b0 cho ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n. Sau \u0111\u00f3, Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ecbnh ch\u1ec9 huy t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3n b\u00f3t c\u1ee7a gi\u1eb7c \u1edf B\u1ea1ch H\u1ef3 H\u00f4n, R\u1ea1ch G\u1ea7m, ch\u1ee3 C\u0169 M\u1ef9 Tho\u2026 B\u1ea5y gi\u1edd, gi\u1eb7c m\u1edbi gi\u1eadt m\u00ecnh s\u1ef1 l\u1edbn m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n v\u00e0 \u0111em qu\u00e2n \u0111\u00e0n \u00e1p. Gi\u1eefa n\u0103m 1861, trung \u00fay Paulin Rival \u0111em qu\u00e2n t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng c\u0103n c\u1ee9 Quy S\u01a1n \u1edf T\u00e2n H\u00f2a. Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9i qu\u00e2n c\u1ee7a c\u1eed nh\u00e2n \u0110\u1ed7 Tr\u00ecnh Tho\u1ea1i - tri huy\u1ec7n G\u00f2 C\u00f4ng - \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f9ng t\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn. T\u1eeb d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u00e0u Amphitrile, gi\u1eb7c li\u00ean t\u1ee5c n\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1n v\u00e0o c\u0103n c\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ecdn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cho b\u1ed9 binh ti\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng. Ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n ch\u1ec9 b\u1eafn l\u1ea1i l\u1ebb t\u1ebb r\u1ed3i im b\u1eb7t. Rival cho r\u1eb1ng, l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecf ch\u1ea1y n\u00ean h\u1ea1 l\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ed5 b\u1ed9, \u0111\u00edch th\u00e2n y l\u00ean b\u1edd \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n cu\u1ed9c h\u00e0nh binh. Nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang v\u1eeba \u0111i d\u0103m ch\u1ee5c b\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00ec ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed3ng lo\u1ea1t x\u00f4ng ra, v\u00e2y \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1eb1ng m\u00e3 t\u1ea5u, g\u01b0\u01a1m \u0111ao\u2026 Rival b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e2m l\u00f2i ru\u1ed9t. Gi\u1eb7c Ph\u00e1p b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd n\u00ean ph\u1ea3i th\u00e1o ch\u1ea1y. B\u1ecdn ch\u00fang \u0111\u00e0nh r\u00fat v\u1ec1 t\u00e0u chi\u1ebfn. \u0110\u1ec3 \u00e1p \u0111\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee7y binh Ph\u00e1p li\u00ean t\u1ee5c n\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1i b\u00e1c l\u00ean b\u1edd, Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ecbnh cho 116","T\u1eacP 5: DANH NH\u00c2N QU\u00c2N S\u1ef0 VI\u1ec6T NAM qu\u00e2n r\u00fat s\u00e2u v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed3ng ru\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh th\u01b0\u01a1ng vong. Sau khi qu\u00e2n ta r\u00fat th\u00ec gi\u1eb7c l\u1ea1i l\u00ean b\u1edd chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c G\u00f2 C\u00f4ng. Nh\u01b0ng l\u00fac n\u00e0o ch\u00fang c\u0169ng n\u01a1m n\u1edbp lo s\u1ee3 v\u00ec li\u00ean t\u1ee5c b\u1ecb ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n c\u00f4ng k\u00edch. Thi\u1ebfu t\u01b0\u1edbng Lebris \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ec7nh \u0111em qu\u00e2n t\u1eeb S\u00e0i G\u00f2n xu\u1ed1ng chi vi\u1ec7n. Nghe tin n\u00e0y, khi ch\u00fang m\u1edbi ch\u00e2n r\u00e1o ch\u00e2n \u01b0\u1edbt \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i th\u00ec Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111em qu\u00e2n \u0111\u00e1nh \u00fap khi\u1ebfn ch\u00fang b\u1ecb thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1. L\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e1nh du k\u00edch, tho\u1eaft hi\u1ec7n, tho\u1eaft bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y cho gi\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t. Do \u0111\u00f3, m\u00e3i \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y 14\/12\/1861 ch\u00fang m\u1edbi ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c G\u00f2 C\u00f4ng, T\u00e2n An, C\u1ea7n Giu\u1ed9c. Trong tr\u1eadn n\u00e0y, m\u1ed9t trung \u00fay Ph\u00e1p ch\u1ebft t\u1ea1i tr\u1eadn, h\u01a1n 50 t\u00ean b\u1ecb th\u01b0\u01a1ng, nh\u01b0ng ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n anh d\u0169ng hy sinh 15 ng\u01b0\u1eddi (c\u00f3 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u ghi 27 ng\u01b0\u1eddi). \u0110\u1ec3 ca ng\u1ee3i tinh th\u1ea7n y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi con b\u1ecf m\u00ecnh v\u00ec T\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c, nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 Nguy\u1ec5n \u0110\u00ecnh Chi\u1ec3u \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft b\u00e0i \u201cV\u0103n t\u1ebf ngh\u0129a s\u0129 C\u1ea7n Giu\u1ed9c\u201d. Trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u \u0111\u1ea7y kh\u00ed ph\u00e1ch: - Tr\u00ean c\u1eadt m\u1ed9t manh \u00e1o v\u1ea3i, n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ee3i mang bao t\u1ea5u b\u1ea7u ng\u00f2i, trong tay m\u1ed9t ng\u1ecdn t\u1ea7m v\u00f4ng, n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ee3i s\u1eafm dao tu, n\u00f3n g\u00f5. H\u1ecfa mai \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1eb1ng r\u01a1m con c\u00fai, c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ed1t xong ch\u1ed7 d\u1ea1y \u0111\u1ea1o kia, g\u01b0\u01a1m \u0111eo d\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee1i dao phay, c\u0169ng ch\u00e9m \u0111\u1eb7ng th\u1eb1ng quan hai n\u1ecd. Kh\u00ed ph\u00e1ch n\u00e0y, ngay ch\u00ednh c\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p c\u0169ng th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn, nh\u01b0 Prudhomme \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft l\u1ea1i c\u1ea3m t\u01b0\u1edfng trong H\u1ed3i k\u00fd v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c vi\u1ec5n chinh Nam K\u1ef3 1862: \u201cNg\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u1ea5t can \u0111\u1ea3m, v\u00ec ph\u1ea3i can \u0111\u1ea3m l\u1eafm m\u1edbi d\u00e1m c\u1ea7m dao, m\u00e1c m\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn t\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u0169i s\u00fang c\u1ea1c-bin tr\u00ean chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1ecb b\u1eafn ch\u1ebft, th\u00e2y n\u1eb1m ch\u1eadt ng\u00f5 nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thay th\u1ebf ngay b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c\u201d. Sau tr\u1eadn C\u1ea7n Giu\u1ed9c, Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ecbnh l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0a qu\u00e2n v\u1ec1 \u0111\u00e1nh G\u00f2 C\u00f4ng. Gi\u1eb7c Ph\u00e1p treo gi\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn cho b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ai c\u1eaft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea7u Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ecbnh. T\u00ean cai t\u1ed5ng Huy v\u00ec tham ti\u1ec1n n\u00ean sai thu\u1ed9c h\u1ea1 \u0111em th\u01b0 \u0111\u1ebfn cho m\u1ed9t s\u0129 quan Ph\u00e1p, trong \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5 \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ecbnh \u0111ang \u1ea9n n\u00e1u. Tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i, t\u00ean n\u00e0y b\u1ecb qu\u00e2n Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ecbnh ph\u1ee5c k\u00edch b\u1eaft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. L\u1eadp t\u1ee9c, Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1eaft cai t\u1ed5ng Huy v\u00e0 ch\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec3 r\u0103n \u0111e nh\u1eefng ai manh t\u00e2m \u0111i l\u00e0m ch\u00f3 s\u0103n cho gi\u1eb7c! Tr\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 thanh th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n d\u01b0\u1edbi quy\u1ec1n ch\u1ec9 huy c\u1ee7a Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ecbnh, th\u00e1ng 3\/1862, 117","B\u1ed8 S\u00c1CH K\u1ec2 CHUY\u1ec6N DANH NH\u00c2N VI\u1ec6T NAM vua T\u1ef1 \u0110\u1ee9c th\u0103ng cho \u00f4ng ch\u1ee9c Ph\u00f3 l\u00e3nh binh Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 \u201c\u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ee9ng ngh\u0129a\u201d. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng, tr\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ee9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng m\u00e3nh li\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a gi\u1eb7c, r\u1ed3i gi\u1eb7c gi\u00e3 n\u1ed5i l\u00ean kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i n\u00ean tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh nh\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfp s\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 nhu nh\u01b0\u1ee3c, h\u00e8n h\u1ea1 k\u00fd H\u00f2a \u01b0\u1edbc n\u0103m Nh\u00e2m Tu\u1ea5t. Ng\u00e0y 9\/5\/1862, s\u1ee9 th\u1ea7n Phan Thanh Gi\u1ea3n v\u00e0 L\u00e2m Duy Hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t b\u00fat k\u00fd v\u1edbi 12 \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n - quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u quy \u0111\u1ecbnh: giao tr\u1ecdn 3 t\u1ec9nh Bi\u00ean H\u00f2a, Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh, \u0110\u1ecbnh T\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3o Vua T\u1ef1 \u0110\u1ee9c - ng\u01b0\u1eddi xu\u1ed1ng d\u1ee5 bu\u1ed9c C\u00f4n L\u00f4n cho Ph\u00e1p. V\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ecbnh ph\u1ea3i b\u00e3i binh Vi\u1ec7t Nam kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng binh kh\u00ed, s\u00fang \u0111\u1ea1n trong ba t\u1ec9nh \u0111\u00e3 nh\u01b0\u1eddng cho Ph\u00e1p. V\u00ec l\u1ebd \u0111\u00f3, T\u1ef1 \u0110\u1ee9c xu\u1ed1ng ch\u1ec9 d\u1ee5 bu\u1ed9c Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ecbnh ph\u1ea3i b\u00e3i binh v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 m\u1edbi \u1edf An Giang v\u1edbi ch\u1ee9c L\u00e3nh binh. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ecbnh kh\u1ed5 t\u00e2m, suy ngh\u0129 m\u00e3i. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecfi qu\u00e2n s\u01b0 Nguy\u1ec5n \u0110\u00ecnh Chi\u1ec3u v\u1edbi gi\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ea7y \u1ea5m \u1ee9c: - Th\u00e1nh ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u00f2i t\u00f4i gi\u1ea3i binh, theo \u00f4ng th\u00ec n\u00ean x\u1eed s\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o cho ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea1o trung th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vua m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea1o d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc? Nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 m\u00f9 nghe xong ch\u1ec9 \u201ch\u1eeb\u201d m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfng r\u1ed3i b\u01b0\u1edbc ra s\u00e2n. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng h\u00e0ng d\u1eeba cao t\u00edt, nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 h\u1ecfi \u00f4ng: - C\u00e2y t\u01b0\u01a1i t\u1ed1t c\u1ea7n \u1edf g\u1ed1c hay \u1edf ng\u1ecdn h\u1ea3 t\u01b0\u1edbng qu\u00e2n? Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00e1p: - G\u1ed1c v\u1eefng th\u00ec c\u00e2y b\u1ec1n. L\u1ebd \u0111\u1eddi x\u01b0a nay l\u00e0 v\u1eady. Nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 c\u01b0\u1eddi: 118","T\u1eacP 5: DANH NH\u00c2N QU\u00c2N S\u1ef0 VI\u1ec6T NAM - Ph\u1ea3i l\u1eafm. Nh\u01b0ng bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ed1c \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u m\u00e0 theo th\u00ec m\u1edbi l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 con m\u1eaft tinh t\u01b0\u1eddng\u2026 Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ecbnh v\u1ee5t hi\u1ec3u, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1p: - \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y th\u00f4i! C\u00e1i g\u1ed1c \u1edf ngay \u0111\u00e2y. Trong th\u00f4n x\u00f3m th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e2n n\u00e0y. M\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y l\u00f2ng d\u00e2n c\u00f2n th\u00ec m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y qu\u1ed1c th\u1ed5 c\u00f2n. N\u00f3i xong, Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ecbnh c\u00f9ng nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 Nguy\u1ec5n \u0110\u00ecnh Chi\u1ec3u c\u1ea5t ti\u1ebfng c\u01b0\u1eddi vang. Trong l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u00f2ng v\u1edbi nhau: \u201cGi\u1eb7c T\u00e2y nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n b\u1ecb d\u00e2n m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e1nh n\u00ean l\u1ea5y binh l\u1ef1c b\u1eaft tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3i ngh\u1ecb h\u00f2a, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i th\u1eadt l\u00f2ng \u0111\u00e2u. Nay H\u00f2a \u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 k\u00fd, b\u1ecdn m\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng n\u01a1i n\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1a, chi b\u1eb1ng ra s\u1ee9c ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e1nh, gi\u1eef m\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ea5t m\u00e0 \u0111\u00f9m b\u1ecdc l\u1ea5y nhau\u201d. H\u1ecd b\u00e0n v\u1edbi nhau gi\u1eef ch\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng \u1edf l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f9ng. L\u00fac \u0111\u00f3, c\u00f3 Ph\u1ea1m Tu\u1ea5n Ph\u00e1t \u1edf T\u00e2n Long \u0111em th\u01b0 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ngh\u0129a h\u00e0o \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ecf \u00fd t\u00f4n Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 th\u1ee7 l\u0129nh t\u1ed1i cao c\u1ee7a phong tr\u00e0o. G\u1eb7p Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ecbnh, Ph\u00e1t qu\u1ef3 xu\u1ed1ng kh\u00f3c: - Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng huynh \u00f4i! \u0110ang l\u00fac T\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c l\u00e2m nguy, b\u1ecf \u0111\u1ea5t b\u1ecf d\u00e2n cho gi\u1eb7c l\u00e0 trung hi\u1ebfu sao? L\u1eadp t\u1ee9c, ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n reo h\u00f2 nh\u01b0 ng\u00e0n l\u1eddi b\u1eadt ra t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t mi\u1ec7ng: - Xin ch\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng \u1edf l\u1ea1i c\u00f9ng b\u00e0 con \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u1eb7c. Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ecbnh n\u00f3i: - C\u00f2n d\u00e2n l\u00e0 c\u00f2n n\u01b0\u1edbc. D\u00e2n m\u1ed9t l\u00f2ng gi\u1eef n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00ec l\u1ebd n\u00e0o Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i tr\u1ed1n tr\u00e1nh t\u00ecm an nh\u00e0n n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c ho\u1eb7c khoanh tay ng\u1ed3i y\u00ean? Xin nguy\u1ec7n c\u00f9ng d\u00e2n gi\u1eef n\u01b0\u1edbc. Ph\u1ea1m Tu\u1ea5n Ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ee9ng d\u1eady, kho\u00e1c chi\u1ebfc \u00e1o b\u00e0o so\u00e1i \u0111\u1ecf r\u1ef1c l\u00ean vai Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ecbnh. M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi reo m\u1eebng: - B\u00ecnh T\u00e2y \u0111\u1ea1i nguy\u00ean so\u00e1i v\u1ea1n tu\u1ebf! T\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2y, Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ee9ng ra ngo\u00e0i v\u00f2ng c\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ecfa c\u1ee7a tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh nh\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f9ng. Ng\u00e0y 9\/9\/1862, Phan Thanh Gi\u1ea3n vi\u1ebft th\u01b0 bu\u1ed9c \u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i h\u1ea1 v\u0169 kh\u00ed. Th\u01b0 vi\u1ebft: \u201cTri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh 119","B\u1ed8 S\u00c1CH K\u1ec2 CHUY\u1ec6N DANH NH\u00c2N VI\u1ec6T NAM Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n suy t\u00f4n Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 B\u00ecnh t\u00e2y \u0111\u1ea1i nguy\u00ean so\u00e1i (tranh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecda s\u0129 Phi Hanh) \u0111\u00e3 k\u00fd h\u00f2a \u01b0\u1edbc th\u00ec k\u1ebb h\u1ea1 th\u1ea7n c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i b\u00e3i binh, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u00fd do g\u00ec m\u00e0 tr\u00e1i m\u1ec7nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Trung hi\u1ebfu c\u1ed1 nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ed1t, nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u00f3 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m qu\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. N\u1ebfu l\u00e0m qu\u00e1 tr\u1edbn th\u00ec c\u0169ng sai l\u1ea7m nh\u01b0 l\u00e0m kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7, c\u00f3 th\u00eam ch\u00e2n th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 r\u1eafn n\u1eefa. N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111em hai t\u1ec9nh \u0110\u1ecbnh T\u01b0\u1eddng, Bi\u00ean H\u00f2a v\u1ec1 cho tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh th\u00ec c\u0169ng l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c hay. Nh\u01b0ng nay \u0111\u1ea1i binh \u0111\u00e3 tri\u1ec7t \u0111i r\u1ed3i, c\u00e1c quan c\u1ea7m qu\u00e2n tr\u01b0\u1edbc kia \u1ea9n n\u1ea5p \u1edf n\u01a1i r\u1eebng r\u00fa c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1u tan t\u00e1c c\u1ea3 r\u1ed3i. Nay ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 qu\u00e2n \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y, ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e1nh li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 th\u1eafng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f4ng? Lui v\u1ec1 gi\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 v\u1eefng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f4ng? Quy\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u201d. Nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u01b0 Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ecbnh hi\u00ean ngang tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi: \u201cCh\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng t\u1eed chi\u1ebfn, l\u00f4i gi\u1eb7c \u0111\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00f4ng, k\u00e9o gi\u1eb7c \u0111\u1eb1ng t\u00e2y, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ch\u1ed1ng gi\u1eb7c, \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u1eb7c v\u00e0 s\u1ebd th\u1eafng gi\u1eb7c\u201d. \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eadp tan lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u h\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n, v\u00e0 h\u1ea1 quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u, Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00e3 ban b\u1ed1 H\u1ecbch \u0111\u00e1nh T\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec3 k\u00eau g\u1ecdi to\u00e0n d\u00e2n \u201cs\u1eeda t\u1ea5c d\u1ea1 d\u1eaft d\u00ecu v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i\u201d. Cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 1862, Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ecbnh ra qu\u00e2n \u0111\u00e1nh chi\u1ebfn thuy\u1ec1n Ph\u00e1p tr\u00ean s\u00f4ng V\u00e0m C\u1ecf - m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u cho cu\u1ed9c t\u1ed5ng c\u00f4ng k\u00edch c\u1ee7a ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n k\u00e9o d\u00e0i m\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u00e0y sau \u0111\u00f3. Ng\u00e0y 16\/12\/1862, h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3n b\u00f3t Ph\u00e1p \u1edf S\u00e0i G\u00f2n, Bi\u00ean H\u00f2a \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecb 120","T\u1eacP 5: DANH NH\u00c2N QU\u00c2N S\u1ef0 VI\u1ec6T NAM t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng. H\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t tr\u1eadn t\u1eadp k\u00edch \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ed5 ra \u1edf R\u1ea1ch Tra, B\u1ebfn L\u1ee9c, Long Th\u00e0nh v.v\u2026 R\u1ed3i c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3n Thu\u1ed9c Nhi\u00eau, R\u1ea1ch Ki\u1ebfn\u2026 \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecb v\u00e2y \u0111\u00e1nh. T\u01b0\u1edbng Bonard \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft m\u1eadt b\u00e1o g\u1eedi v\u1ec1 Ph\u00e1p ng\u00e0y 18\/12\/1868 th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn: \u201cC\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ed5 ra kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng lo\u1ea1t. T\u00f4i b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea9y v\u00e0o th\u1ebf t\u1ef1 v\u1ec7, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9i qu\u00e2n, d\u00f9 ch\u1ec9 200 ng\u01b0\u1eddi. N\u1ebfu l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u0103ng vi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ebfn ngay, t\u00f4i hy v\u1ecdng l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e0nh b\u1ea5t l\u1ef1c\u201d. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ecbnh ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ecba b\u00e0n kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn. Ng\u00e0y 25\/12\/1862, Bonard l\u1ea1i vi\u1ebft th\u01b0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u vi\u1ec7n binh \u201c\u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ee9u v\u00e3n t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh Nam k\u1ef3 \u0111ang gi\u1eaby d\u1ee5a trong t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng h\u1ed7n lo\u1ea1n!\u201d. Trong l\u00fac cu\u1ed9c t\u1ed5ng c\u00f4ng k\u00edch \u0111ang di\u1ec5n ra m\u00e3nh li\u1ec7t, Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ecbnh l\u1ea1i ra b\u1ea3n Tuy\u00ean c\u00e1o v\u1edbi quan l\u1ea1i V\u0129nh Long, kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh: \u201cCh\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u \u1edf mi\u1ec1n \u0110\u00f4ng c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 mi\u1ec1n T\u00e2y, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00e1ng, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ebd x\u00f4ng pha ph\u00e1 tan l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a gi\u1eb7c\u201d. Qua \u0111\u1ea7u n\u0103m 1863, t\u01b0\u1edbng Bonard v\u1eabn kh\u1ea9n thi\u1ebft y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Ph\u00e1p c\u1ea5p t\u1ed1c t\u0103ng vi\u1ec7n binh: \u201cN\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng g\u1eedi cho t\u00f4i s\u1ed1 qu\u00e2n t\u0103ng vi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb th\u00ec t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c l\u1ea1i t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh\u201d. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3, h\u1eafn c\u00f2n vi\u1ebft t\u1ed1i h\u1eadu th\u01b0 g\u00e2y s\u1ee9c \u00e9p v\u1edbi tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh nh\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i bu\u1ed9c Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ecbnh h\u1ea1 v\u0169 kh\u00ed n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng ch\u00fang s\u1ebd l\u1ea5y lu\u00f4n ba t\u1ec9nh c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Nam k\u1ef3! Trong th\u01b0 g\u1eedi tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi cho Bonard ng\u00e0y 7\/2\/1863 Phan Thanh Gi\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft: \u201cQu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i thu\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n ng\u00e0i m\u00e0 ch\u01b0a di\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ean Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ecbnh th\u00ec l\u00f2ng ki\u00eau h\u00e3nh c\u1ee7a y c\u1ee9 gia t\u0103ng, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ebft v\u00e0 ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t ngay y th\u00ec y s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 t\u1ea1i kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i v\u00e0 danh v\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a y ng\u00e0y th\u00eam l\u1edbn. V\u1eady c\u1ea7n b\u1eaft y \u0111\u1ec1n t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i, nh\u01b0ng t\u00f4i ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng t\u1eeb l\u00e2u, h\u1eb3n ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 d\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ecbnh \u1ea5y\u201d. Theo y\u00eau c\u1ea7u kh\u1ea9n thi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Bonard, v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 2\/1863 hai ti\u1ec3u \u0111o\u00e0n th\u1ee7y qu\u00e2n l\u1ee5c chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a sang Vi\u1ec7t Nam. R\u1ed3i t\u1eeb Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng H\u1ea3i, vi\u1ec7n binh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed1c Jaur\u00e8s c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t \u1edf S\u00e0i G\u00f2n. V\u1edbi binh l\u1ef1c h\u00f9ng h\u1eadu n\u00e0y, Bonard cho t\u1eadp trung to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 binh l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t c\u0103n c\u1ee9 G\u00f2 C\u00f4ng. H\u1eafn ph\u00e2n ph\u00e1t truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01a1n th\u01b0\u1edfng 10.000 ph\u01a1-r\u0103ng cho ai l\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a anh h\u00f9ng Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ecbnh! L\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a gi\u1eb7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed nh\u01b0 sau: \u1edf c\u1eeda R\u1ea1ch Gi\u00e1 (t\u00e2y b\u1eafc G\u00f2 C\u00f4ng), chi\u1ebfn t\u00e0u L\u2019Europ\u00e9en c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ebf l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c, v\u0169 kh\u00ed v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n d\u00e3 chi\u1ebfn. Tr\u00ean r\u1ea1ch G\u00f2 C\u00f4ng, t\u00e0u Alarme l\u00e0m ph\u00e1o \u0111\u00e0i \u00e1n ng\u1eef. Tr\u00ean s\u00f4ng 121","B\u1ed8 S\u00c1CH K\u1ec2 CHUY\u1ec6N DANH NH\u00c2N VI\u1ec6T NAM So\u00e0i R\u1ea1p (t\u1ee9c V\u00e0m L\u00e1ng, G\u00f2 C\u00f4ng \u0110\u00f4ng) t\u00e0u Cir\u00e9e tr\u1ea5n gi\u1eef. T\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed3n Ch\u1ee3 G\u1ea1o v\u00e0 M\u1ef9 Tho \u1edf ph\u00eda t\u00e2y v\u00e0 t\u00e2y nam c\u1ee7a trung t\u00e2m c\u0103n c\u1ee9, \u0111\u1ea1i t\u00e1 d\u2019Ari\u00e8s d\u00e0n b\u1ed9 binh \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng r\u00fat lui c\u1ee7a ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n. C\u00f2n ph\u00eda sau m\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn, gi\u1eb7c \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn h\u1ea1m h\u00f9ng h\u1eadu. Ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00e3 anh d\u0169ng \u0111\u1ea9y l\u00f9i t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc cu\u1ed9c t\u1ed5ng ph\u1ea3n c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a gi\u1eb7c. Nh\u01b0ng cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7m c\u1ef1 n\u1ed5i, \u00f4ng cho ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n b\u00ed m\u1eadt r\u00fat lui \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o to\u00e0n l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. V\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i th\u00e1ng 2\/1863 th\u00e0nh G\u00f2 C\u00f4ng th\u1ea5t th\u1ee7, Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ecbnh r\u00fat qu\u00e2n v\u1ec1 Ph\u01b0\u1edbc L\u1ed9c - d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o khu r\u1eebng s\u00e1t b\u1edd s\u00f4ng So\u00e0i R\u1ea1p (1). T\u1ea1i c\u0103n c\u1ee9 m\u1edbi, Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ecbnh ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c chi\u00eau binh, chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c, v\u0169 kh\u00ed v\u00e0 b\u1eaft li\u00ean l\u1ea1c v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng th\u1ee7 l\u0129nh kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c. Nh\u1eefng tr\u1eadn t\u1eadp k\u00edch c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c g\u00e2y kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n cho gi\u1eb7c Ph\u00e1p. Ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n c\u00f2n gan d\u1ea1 \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c cho d\u00e1n ngay gi\u1eefa ch\u1ee3 M\u1ef9 Tho b\u1ea3n h\u1ecbch k\u00eau g\u1ecdi nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9ng l\u00ean c\u1ea7m s\u00fang gi\u1ebft gi\u1eb7c! Ph\u1ea3i ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t cho b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ecbnh - linh h\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn - l\u00e0 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p \u1edf th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y. Ng\u00e0y 25\/9\/1863 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ecdn ch\u1ec9 \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u1eadt b\u00e1o, hai b\u00ean s\u0129 quan Gougelard v\u00e0 B\u00e9hic \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 huy \u0111\u1ed9t k\u00edch c\u0103n c\u1ee9 L\u00fd Nh\u01a1n. Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ecbnh ph\u00e1 v\u00f2ng v\u00e2y ch\u1ea1y tho\u00e1t. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng ch\u00fang \u0111\u00e3 mua chu\u1ed9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ean ch\u00f3 s\u0103n Hu\u1ef3nh T\u1ea5n - tr\u01b0\u1edbc kia T\u1ea5n c\u00f3 tham gia ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n nh\u01b0ng sau ph\u1ea3n b\u1ed9i, \u0111\u1ea7u th\u00fa gi\u1eb7c. Sau m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian truy t\u00ecm n\u01a1i \u1ea9n n\u00e1u c\u1ee7a Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ecbnh, \u0111\u00eam 19\/8\/1864 T\u1ea5n d\u1eabn l\u00ednh Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ebfn bao v\u00e2y c\u0103n nh\u00e0 \u1edf x\u00f3m R\u1ea1ch Gi\u00e1 T\u00e2n Ph\u01b0\u1edbc (nay thu\u1ed9c \u1ea5p 3, x\u00e3 T\u00e2n Ph\u01b0\u1edbc, huy\u1ec7n G\u00f2 C\u00f4ng \u0110\u00f4ng) - n\u01a1i Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ecbnh c\u00f9ng 25 ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n m\u1edbi d\u1eebng ch\u00e2n. R\u1ea1ng s\u00e1ng ng\u00e0y 20\/8\/1864 T\u1ea5n b\u00ed m\u1eadt si\u1ebft ch\u1eb7t v\u00f2ng v\u00e2y, cho qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9t nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o nh\u00e0. D\u00f9 b\u1ecb t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd, nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1eabn ch\u1ed1ng c\u1ef1 l\u1ea1i m\u00e3nh li\u1ec7t. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00f9ng h\u1eadu c\u1ee7a b\u1ecdn ch\u00f3 s\u0103n, Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ecbnh v\u1eeba ch\u1ec9 huy \u0111\u00e1nh tr\u1ea3, (1) So\u00e0i R\u1ea1p: c\u00f2n c\u00f3 c\u00e1ch vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 L\u00f4i R\u1ea1p, Xui R\u1ea1p, L\u00f4i L\u1ea1p h\u1ea3i m\u00f4n (H\u00e1n t\u1ef1), P\u00e9am pr\u00eak chroy thu\u1ed9c huy\u1ec7n T\u00e2n H\u00f2a, x\u1ee9 G\u00f2 C\u00f4ng (T\u1ef1 v\u1ecb ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i mi\u1ec1n Nam - V\u01b0\u01a1ng H\u1ed3ng S\u1ec3n, NXB VHTT 1993, tr 580). \u1ede ph\u00eda t\u00e2y huy\u1ec7n C\u1ea7n Gi\u1edd, s\u00f4ng r\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng s\u00e2u, t\u00e0u b\u00e8 kh\u00f4ng v\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, do hai con s\u00f4ng V\u00e0m C\u1ecf \u0110\u00f4ng v\u00e0 T\u00e2y h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t \u1edf g\u1ea7n huy\u1ec7n ly V\u00e0m C\u1ecf, ch\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ebfn ranh gi\u1edbi gi\u1eefa ba huy\u1ec7n C\u1ea7n \u0110\u01b0\u1edbc (Long An), huy\u1ec7n Duy\u00ean H\u1ea3i v\u00e0 G\u00f2 C\u00f4ng \u0110\u00f4ng th\u00ec g\u1eb7p nh\u00e1nh s\u00f4ng r\u1ed9ng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a s\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3ng Nai, r\u1ed3i ra bi\u1ec3n \u1edf c\u1eeda s\u00f4ng So\u00e0i R\u1ea1p (S\u1ed5 tay \u0111\u1ecba danh Vi\u1ec7t Nam - NXB Lao \u0110\u1ed9ng, tr 458) th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201c\u0111\u00e1m l\u00e1 t\u1ed1i tr\u1eddi\u201d - \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u0103n c\u1ee9 m\u1edbi. 122","T\u1eacP 5: DANH NH\u00c2N QU\u00c2N S\u1ef0 VI\u1ec6T NAM v\u1eeba m\u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e1u \u0111\u1ec3 r\u00fat lui. B\u1ecdn ch\u00fang n\u1ed5 s\u00fang \u0111u\u1ed5i theo. Ch\u1eb3ng may, \u0111\u1ea1n tr\u00fang v\u00e0o x\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ecbnh, \u00f4ng ng\u00e3 xu\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 b\u1ecb ch\u00fang v\u00e2y b\u1eaft. B\u1ecb th\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u1eb7ng, bi\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, \u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u1eb7t m\u1eafng t\u00ean T\u1ea5n r\u1ed3i \u0111\u00e2m g\u01b0\u01a1m v\u00e0o b\u1ee5ng t\u1ef1 s\u00e1t. N\u01a1i Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ecbnh ng\u00e3 xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh b\u1ea5t t\u1eed l\u00e0 m\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ea5t tr\u1ed1ng - nay thu\u1ed9c \u1ea5p 3, x\u00e3 T\u00e2n Ph\u01b0\u1edbc, huy\u1ec7n G\u00f2 C\u00f4ng \u0110\u00f4ng (Ti\u1ec1n Giang). Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ecbnh hy sinh - \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t to l\u1edbn cho phong tr\u00e0o ch\u1ed1ng Ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ta th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3. Nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 Nguy\u1ec5n \u0110\u00ecnh Chi\u1ec3u \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft b\u00e0i v\u0103n t\u1ebf v\u00e0 12 b\u00e0i th\u01a1 kh\u00f3c \u00f4ng. Trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 b\u00e0i: Trong Nam t\u00ean h\u1ecd n\u1ed5i nh\u01b0 c\u1ed3n, M\u1ea5y tr\u1eadn G\u00f2 C\u00f4ng n\u1ee9c ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ed3n. D\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ea1n bay r\u00eam t\u00e0u b\u1ea1ch qu\u1ef7, H\u01a1i g\u01b0\u01a1m th\u00eam r\u1ea1ng th\u1ebb ho\u00e0n m\u00f4n. Ng\u1ecdn c\u1edd \u1ee9ng ngh\u0129a tr\u1eddi ch\u01b0a b\u1ebb, C\u00e1i \u1ea4n B\u00ecnh T\u00e2y \u0111\u1ea5t v\u1ed9i ch\u00f4n. N\u1ee1 khi\u1ebfn anh h\u00f9ng r\u01a1i gi\u1ecdt l\u1ee5y, L\u00e2m r\u00e2m ba ch\u1eef \u0111i\u1ebfu linh h\u1ed3n. L\u0103ng m\u1ed9 Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ecbnh hi\u1ec7n nay t\u1ea1i G\u00f2 C\u00f4ng 123","B\u1ed8 S\u00c1CH K\u1ec2 CHUY\u1ec6N DANH NH\u00c2N VI\u1ec6T NAM Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n th\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ebfc \u00f4ng m\u00e0 t\u1eb7ng th\u00eam ch\u1eef \u201cC\u00f4ng\u201d l\u00e0m ch\u1eef l\u00f3t: Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng C\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t th\u01a1: Ti\u1ebfng x\u01b0a \u201c\u0111\u00e1m l\u00e1 t\u1ed1i tr\u1eddi\u201d C\u00f3 Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng C\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ecbnh tr\u1ea3i ph\u01a1i gan v\u00e0ng Ngay c\u1ea3 Qu\u1ed1c s\u1eed qu\u00e1n tri\u1ec1u Nguy\u1ec5n khi bi\u00ean so\u1ea1n \u0110\u1ea1i Nam ch\u00ednh bi\u00ean li\u1ec7t truy\u1ec7n- \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eebng ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a vua T\u1ef1 \u0110\u1ee9c - c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i h\u1ea1 b\u00fat: \u201c\u00d4ng v\u1eabn \u1edf l\u1ea1i Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh, ch\u1ec9 huy phong tr\u00e0o kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn, l\u1ea5y danh hi\u1ec7u l\u00e0 Trung thi\u00ean t\u01b0\u1edbng qu\u00e2n, m\u1ed9t \u00f4ng T\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ee9ng gi\u1eefa tr\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng theo l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a ai c\u1ea3. V\u00ec theo l\u1ec7nh th\u00ec giang s\u01a1n ph\u1ea3i x\u00f3a b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3, con ch\u00e1u R\u1ed3ng Ti\u00ean m\u1eafc v\u00f2ng n\u00f4 l\u1ec7! Sao b\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 \u00e1o xi\u00eam \u0111\u00f9m b\u1ecdc l\u1ea5y nhau, d\u1ecdc ngang n\u00e0o bi\u1ebft tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f3 ai? \u1ea4y m\u1edbi gan! \u1ea4y m\u1edbi t\u00e0i! L\u00e0m cho qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecbch s\u1edfi gai gi\u1eadt m\u00ecnh. Ch\u00ed kh\u00ed c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng th\u1eadt l\u00e0 hi\u00ean ngang! Vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 oanh li\u1ec7t!\u201d. Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ta lu\u00f4n ghi nh\u1edb c\u00f4ng \u01a1n c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi hy sinh v\u00ec T\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c. S\u00e1ng ng\u00e0y 20\/8\/1995 t\u1ea1i v\u01b0\u1eddn hoa \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ecbnh - con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t th\u1ecb x\u00e3 G\u00f2 C\u00f4ng (Ti\u1ec1n Giang) \u0111\u00e3 long tr\u1ecdng kh\u00e1nh th\u00e0nh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng anh h\u00f9ng B\u00ecnh T\u00e2y \u0111\u1ea1i nguy\u00ean so\u00e1i Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ecbnh. T\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y do nh\u00e0 \u0111i\u00eau kh\u1eafc t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh Di\u1ec7p Minh Ch\u00e2u th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n, cao 7,75m ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebf 4,5m, b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ea5t li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e1 hoa c\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u1eafng, n\u1eb7ng tr\u00ean 80 t\u1ea5n. T\u00ean tu\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ecbnh c\u00f2n s\u1ed1ng m\u00e3i trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u00e0. 124","T\u1eacP 5: DANH NH\u00c2N QU\u00c2N S\u1ef0 VI\u1ec6T NAM V\u00f5 Duy D\u01b0\u01a1ng Th\u00e1p M\u01b0\u1eddi l\u01b0u d\u1ea5u anh h\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e1nh T\u00e2y Chi\u1ec1u. Tr\u00ean ng\u1ecdn cau xanh m\u01b0\u1edbt, n\u1eafng v\u00e0ng \u0111ang nh\u1ea1t d\u1ea7n. Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb ch\u0103n tr\u00e2u v\u1eabn h\u00e0o h\u1ee9ng tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Tr\u00ean s\u00e2n c\u1ecf r\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 hai \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb \u0111ang v\u1eadt nhau, nh\u1eb1m tranh t\u00e0i ai l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u1ecfe nh\u1ea5t. L\u0169 \u0111\u1ee9ng ngo\u00e0i chia l\u00e0m hai phe v\u1ed7 tay, h\u00f2 reo \u1ea7m \u0129. A! T\u00fan s\u1eafp ng\u00e3 kia r\u1ed3i! C\u1ea3 l\u0169 tr\u1ee3n tr\u00f2n m\u1eaft khi th\u1ea5y T\u00fan \u0111ang b\u1ecb hai c\u00e1nh tay c\u1ee9ng nh\u01b0 s\u1eaft c\u1ee7a \u201c\u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7\u201d \u0111\u01b0a l\u00ean l\u00ean cao v\u00e0 n\u00e9m xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea5t. T\u00fan n\u1eb1m ngay \u0111\u01a1 c\u00e1n thu\u1ed7ng. Ti\u1ebfng vang reo h\u00f2 kh\u00f4ng ng\u1edbt. Xa xa nh\u1eefng c\u00e1nh c\u00f2 tr\u1eafng th\u1ea5p tho\u00e1ng bay v\u1ec1 Ch\u00e2n dung t\u01b0\u1edbng qu\u00e2n V\u00f5 Duy D\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00eda ch\u00e2n m\u00e2y... L\u0169 tr\u1ebb l\u1eadt \u0111\u1eadt l\u00f9a (1827-1866) tr\u00e2u v\u1ec1 chu\u1ed3ng. \u1ee6a! Sao T\u00fan v\u1eabn n\u1eb1m m\u00e3i th\u1ebf? C\u00f3 ti\u1ebfng k\u00eau r\u00fa l\u00ean! Th\u00ec ra, sau c\u00fa l\u1ee1 tay nh\u01b0 tr\u1eddi gi\u00e1ng \u1ea5y, T\u00fan \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eaft th\u1edf! \u0110\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb tr\u1ebb g\u00e2y ra c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft n\u00e0y c\u00f3 g\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1eb7t ch\u1eef \u0111i\u1ec1n, kh\u00f4i ng\u00f4, m\u00f4i \u0111\u1ecf nh\u01b0 son b\u1ed7ng xanh m\u00e9t m\u1eb7t m\u00e0y. Tin d\u1eef n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 loan truy\u1ec1n r\u1ea5t nhanh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn tai quan ph\u1ee7. Ch\u1eb3ng m\u1ea5y ch\u1ed1c, \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb b\u1ecb gi\u1ea3i l\u00ean ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i\u1ec1u tra. Tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd 125","B\u1ed8 S\u00c1CH K\u1ec2 CHUY\u1ec6N DANH NH\u00c2N VI\u1ec6T NAM do s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i b\u1ecb t\u00f9 t\u1ed9i n\u00ean n\u00f3 toan v\u00f9ng ch\u1ea1y. \u0110\u00e3 \u0111o\u00e1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y, hai anh l\u00ednh l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee1ng ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u1eafm tay n\u00f3 l\u1ea1i, nh\u01b0ng l\u00fac n\u00f3 v\u00f9ng m\u1ea1nh th\u00ec c\u1ea3 hai c\u00f9ng ng\u00e3 s\u00f3ng so\u00e0i xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea5t. \u0110\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb kh\u1ecfe nh\u01b0 v\u00e2m! Nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tin n\u00e0y, quan ph\u1ee7 b\u1ef1c m\u00ecnh l\u1eafm, \u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i xu\u1ed1ng t\u1eadn nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1eaft th\u1ee7 ph\u1ea1m cho b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng khi b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o nh\u00e0, bao nhi\u00eau n\u1ed7i b\u1ef1c d\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng tan d\u1ea7n... \u00d4ng b\u1ed7ng se s\u1eaft t\u00e2m can khi nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7t l\u00e0 c\u00e1i ch\u00f2i tu\u1ec1nh to\u00e0ng, b\u00ean trong kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec ngo\u00e0i m\u1ed9t ch\u1ecfng tre \u1ed9p \u1eb9p. Ti\u1ebfp chuy\u1ec7n v\u1edbi \u00f4ng, m\u1ed9t g\u00f3a ph\u1ee5 \u1ed1m y\u1ebfu \u0111ang d\u00ecm c\u01a1n ho trong l\u1ed3ng ng\u1ef1c. Qua tr\u00f2 chuy\u1ec7n \u00f4ng bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb n\u00e0y con nh\u00e0 ngh\u00e8o, l\u00e0m m\u01b0\u1edbn cho ph\u00fa h\u1ed9 trong l\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ebfm \u0103n qua ng\u00e0y, c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00f3 r\u1ea5t kh\u1ecfe v\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng hi\u1ebfu th\u1ea3o v\u1edbi m\u1eb9. Sau \u0111\u00f3, \u00f4ng g\u1ecdi n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e0 \u00e2n c\u1ea7n h\u1ecfi han v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea9y ra. \u00d4ng bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 m\u01b0\u1eddi m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u00f3 v\u00f4 t\u00ecnh l\u1ee1 tay, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ed1 s\u00e1t. V\u1edbi l\u00f2ng nh\u00e2n t\u1eeb, \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9ng ra lo li\u1ec7u, \u0111\u1ec1n b\u00f9 cho gia \u0111\u00ecnh n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n, nh\u01b0ng b\u00f9 l\u1ea1i b\u00e0 m\u1eb9 ph\u1ea3i cho n\u00f3 v\u1ec1 l\u00e0m con nu\u00f4i. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c, b\u00e0 m\u1eb9 \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2y, cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u thay \u0111\u1ed5i. V\u1ec1 \u1edf nh\u00e0 tri ph\u1ee7, n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecdc ch\u1eef v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc v\u00f5. N\u0103m th\u00e1ng qua nhanh, tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh thanh ni\u00ean to cao, \u0111\u1eb9p trai v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f4ng \u00edt thi\u1ebfu n\u1eef th\u1ea7m th\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u1ed9m nh\u1edb. Theo truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft d\u00e2n gian, trong m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n quan ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn l\u1ec7nh v\u1ec1 kinh ch\u1ea7u vua, ch\u00e0ng c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1eabn \u0111i theo. Trong l\u00fac cha nu\u00f4i b\u1eadn vi\u1ec7c quan, ch\u00e0ng t\u1ea3n b\u1ed9 \u0111i xem c\u1ea3nh s\u00f4ng H\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00fai Ng\u1ef1. B\u1ed7ng th\u1ea5y thi\u00ean h\u1ea1 \u0111ang nh\u1ed1n nh\u00e1o, h\u00f2 h\u00e9t \u1ea7m \u0129 tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t kh\u00fac s\u00f4ng, ch\u00e0ng t\u00f2 m\u00f2 ch\u1ea1y \u0111\u1ebfn xem. Tr\u1eddi \u01a1i! C\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t b\u00e8 g\u1ed7 qu\u00fd do \u0111\u1ee9t d\u00e2y n\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb d\u00f2ng n\u01b0\u1edbc cu\u1ed1n ph\u0103ng. M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang s\u1ee9c n\u00edu l\u1ea1i, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3... L\u1eadp t\u1ee9c, ch\u00e0ng lao xu\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 d\u00f9ng s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh gh\u00ecm l\u1ea1i b\u00e8 g\u1ed7 \u0111ang lao \u0111i nh\u01b0 ng\u1ef1a b\u1ea5t kham. Ai n\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ec1u kinh ng\u1ea1c, kh\u00f4ng tin v\u00e0o m\u1eaft m\u00ecnh. T\u1ea1i sao l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u1ecfe \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf? Tin n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn tai nh\u00e0 vua, nh\u00e2n l\u00fac tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh \u0111ang m\u1edf k\u1ef3 thi v\u00f5 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm nh\u00e2n t\u00e0i n\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 g\u1ecdi ch\u00e0ng v\u00e0o th\u1eed s\u1ee9c. M\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa, m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ed1 m\u1eaft khi nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y ch\u00e0ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u1eed n\u0103m tr\u00e1i linh, m\u1ed7i tr\u00e1i n\u1eb7ng v\u00e0i ch\u1ee5c l\u00fd l\u00f4 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch hai tr\u00e1i c\u1ea7m tay, hai tr\u00e1i c\u1eb7p n\u00e1ch, m\u1ed9t tr\u00e1i ng\u1eadm \u1edf mi\u1ec7ng v\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i thong th\u1ea3 nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng! 126","T\u1eacP 5: DANH NH\u00c2N QU\u00c2N S\u1ef0 VI\u1ec6T NAM Tr\u00ean \u0111\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u1ecfe nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng? N\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ecdc b\u1ed9 truy\u1ec7n tranh \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n Le Lombard ta th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt Benoit Brisefer, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ec7nh danh \u201cT\u00ed hon th\u1ea7n l\u1ef1c\u201d, c\u00f2n kh\u1ecfe h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 th\u1ebf n\u1eefa. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 h\u01b0 c\u1ea5u t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 Peyo v\u00e0 Will. C\u00f2n \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt c\u00f3 th\u1eadt trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed Vi\u1ec7t Nam, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 v\u1ec1 sau \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng l\u00e3nh t\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a phong tr\u00e0o kh\u00e1ng Ph\u00e1p cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XIX \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Nam. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean ch\u00e0ng kh\u1ecfe, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u1ecfe \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf, v\u00ec do qu\u00e1 tin y\u00eau ch\u00e0ng n\u00ean qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang m\u1edbi t\u1ea1o th\u00eam giai tho\u1ea1i n\u00e0y v\u00e0 qua \u0111\u00f3 ta c\u0169ng bi\u1ebft v\u00ec sao ch\u00e0ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi \u00f4ng Ng\u0169 Linh ho\u1eb7c Ng\u0169 Linh Thi\u00ean H\u1ed9. V\u1ec1 nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt n\u00e0y nh\u00e0 v\u0103n S\u01a1n Nam ghi nh\u1eadn, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u201cm\u1ed9t trong b\u1ed1n v\u1ecb anh h\u00f9ng v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XIX, v\u1ec1 t\u1ea7m v\u00f3c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ee9ng ngang v\u1edbi Th\u1ee7 Khoa Hu\u00e2n, Nguy\u1ec5n Trung Tr\u1ef1c, sau Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ecbnh\u201d. S\u1ef1 ghi nh\u1eadn n\u00e0y c\u00f3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf, b\u1edfi sau khi anh h\u00f9ng Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ecbnh tu\u1eabn ti\u1ebft, phong tr\u00e0o kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn \u1edf Nam k\u1ef3 v\u1eabn ph\u1ea5t cao ng\u1ecdn c\u1edd ngh\u0129a d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ch\u1ec9 huy c\u1ee7a V\u00f5 Duy D\u01b0\u01a1ng, t\u1ee9c Ng\u0169 Linh Thi\u00ean H\u1ed9. L\u00e2u nay, c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u s\u1eed h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin kh\u00f4ng th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 n\u0103m sinh, n\u0103m m\u1ea5t v\u00e0 sinh qu\u00e1n c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng. Nay ch\u00fang t\u00f4i d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u201cV\u00f5 Duy D\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn \u0110\u1ed3ng Th\u00e1p M\u01b0\u1eddi\u201d (NXB \u0110\u1ed3ng Th\u00e1p - 1992) \u0111\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecdc nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady nh\u1ea5t. B\u1edfi l\u1ebd, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u00ean so\u1ea1n kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t th\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ecba, g\u1eb7p nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a ra nhi\u1ec1u th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m ch\u1ee9ng. Theo \u0111\u00f3, anh h\u00f9ng \u201cV\u00f5 Duy D\u01b0\u01a1ng sinh n\u0103m 1827, qu\u00ea qu\u00e1n \u1edf th\u00f4n C\u00f9 L\u00e2m Nam, nay Nam T\u01b0\u1ee3ng, x\u00e3 Nh\u01a1n T\u00e2n, huy\u1ec7n Anh Nh\u01a1n (B\u00ecnh \u0110\u1ecbnh). Hi\u1ec7n nay, Nam T\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00f4n nh\u1ecf \u0111\u1ed9 m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u00f3c gia n\u1eb1m d\u01b0\u1edbi ch\u00e2n n\u00fai Th\u01a1m (b\u00ean tay ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng 19 t\u1eeb Quy Nh\u01a1n \u0111i l\u00ean) c\u00e1ch s\u00f4ng C\u00f4n 4km v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda Nam, c\u00e1ch l\u00e0ng Ki\u00ean M\u1ef9 (qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng Nguy\u1ec5n Hu\u1ec7) 12km... T\u1ed5 s\u00e1u \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a V\u00f5 Duy D\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0 V\u00f5 H\u1eefu Man t\u1eeb mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc v\u00e0o C\u00f9 Lao Nam l\u1eadp nghi\u1ec7p, \u0111\u1ebfn nay con ch\u00e1u v\u1eabn c\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0 ng\u1ee5 t\u1ea1i th\u00f4n n\u00e0y. C\u00e1c th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 ti\u1ebfp theo sau l\u00e0 V\u00f5 V\u0103n Th\u1ea1nh, V\u00f5 V\u0103n T\u00edn, V\u00f5 H\u1eefu S\u1ef1 v\u00e0 V\u00f5 V\u0103n \u0110\u1ee9c. \u00d4ng V\u00f5 H\u1eefu \u0110\u1ee9c c\u00f3 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 b\u1ea3y ng\u01b0\u1eddi con, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f2n s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ebfn khi tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh ch\u1ec9 5 127","B\u1ed8 S\u00c1CH K\u1ec2 CHUY\u1ec6N DANH NH\u00c2N VI\u1ec6T NAM ng\u01b0\u1eddi - ba trai, hai g\u00e1i: V\u00f5 H\u1eefu Bi\u1ec3u, V\u00f5 Duy T\u00e2n, V\u00f5 Duy D\u01b0\u01a1ng, V\u00f5 Th\u1ecb Vi\u1ebft v\u00e0 V\u00f5 Th\u1ecb B\u1ea3y... L\u00fac tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh, V\u00f5 Duy D\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1ea5y b\u00e0 Ph\u1ea1m Th\u1ecb Li\u1ec7u, ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00f4n Tr\u00e1ng Long c\u00f9ng huy\u1ec7n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1855, b\u00e0 Li\u1ec7u h\u1ea1 sanh ng\u01b0\u1eddi con \u0111\u1ea7u. Ti\u1ebfp theo v\u00e0i n\u0103m sau \u0111\u00f3, b\u00e0 sanh ng\u01b0\u1eddi con trai th\u1ee9 hai trong l\u00fac \u00f4ng l\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0o Nam. C\u0169ng theo l\u1eddi t\u01b0\u1eddng thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a c\u1ee5 V\u00f5 Qu\u1ebf trong th\u1eddi gian \u1edf Nam k\u1ef3, V\u00f5 Duy D\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 l\u1ea5y v\u1ee3 hai \u0111\u00e3 sanh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi con trai t\u00ean l\u00e0 V\u00f5 Ch\u00e2u v\u00e0 V\u00f5 Phong. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c b\u00f4 l\u00e3o \u1edf B\u1eafc Chi\u00eang (M\u1ed9c H\u00f3a, Long An) x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 khi \u1edf trong Nam, V\u00f5 Duy D\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t \u00f4ng h\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ea3 g\u1ea3 con g\u00e1i cho. Nh\u01b0ng t\u00ean tu\u1ed5i v\u00e0 qu\u00ea qu\u00e1n b\u00e0 n\u00e0y v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u201d (S\u0110D, l\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00edch t\u1eeb tr. 58 \u0111\u1ebfn tr. 71). N\u1ebfu \u0111\u00fang nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, V\u00f5 Duy D\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0o mi\u1ec1n Nam l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 \u00f4ng kho\u1ea3ng 28 tu\u1ed5i. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta l\u1ea1i nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ebfn anh h\u00f9ng Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ecbnh, sinh n\u0103m 1820, qu\u00ea qu\u00e1n \u1edf Qu\u1ea3ng Ng\u00e3i, c\u0169ng v\u00e0o Nam l\u1eadp nghi\u1ec7p kho\u1ea3ng n\u0103m 1844. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p \u201c\u0111\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec1n l\u1eadp \u1ea5p\u201d l\u00e0 nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n tr\u00ean v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t m\u1edbi v\u00e0 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n t\u1ea1o d\u1ef1ng tuy\u1ebfn ph\u00f2ng ph\u1ee7, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 tr\u1ecb an nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i xa x\u00f4i h\u1ebbo l\u00e1nh, ti\u1ebfp gi\u00e1p v\u1edbi r\u1eebng n\u00fai - \u0111\u00fang nh\u01b0 trong l\u1eddi t\u00e2u v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 7\/1854 c\u1ee7a Kinh l\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ee9 Nam k\u1ef3 Nguy\u1ec5n Tri Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng g\u1eedi v\u1ec1 b\u00e1o c\u00e1o cho vua T\u1ef1 \u0110\u1ee9c: \u201c\u0110\u1ea5t Nam k\u1ef3 li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi gi\u1eb7c Man, d\u00e2n xi\u00eau t\u00e1n nhi\u1ec1u. Nay m\u01b0\u1ee3n \u0111i\u1ec1u chi\u00eau m\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ee5 d\u00e2n v\u1ec1, \u0111\u1ed1c vi\u1ec7c khai kh\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ec3 nu\u00f4i d\u00e2n \u0103n, th\u1eadt l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch qu\u1ea3n y\u1ebfu gi\u1eef gi\u1eb7c v\u00e0 y\u00ean d\u00e2n\u201d. Theo ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a gia \u0111\u00ecnh b\u00ean v\u1ee3, Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ed9 d\u00e2n xi\u00eau t\u00e1n l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec1n \u1edf v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t Gia Thu\u1eadn thu\u1ed9c t\u1ec9nh Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c phong ch\u1ee9c ph\u00f3 qu\u1ea3n c\u01a1, sau th\u0103ng qu\u1ea3n c\u01a1. C\u00f2n V\u00f5 Duy D\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1edf C\u00e1i B\u00e8, Cai L\u1eady (nay thu\u1ed9c Ti\u1ec1n Giang) do c\u0169ng c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c phong ch\u1ee9c danh \u201cb\u00e1t ph\u1ea9m Thi\u00ean h\u1ed9\u201d, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2y m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi quen g\u1ecdi \u00f4ng l\u00e0 Thi\u00ean H\u1ed9 D\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1861 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u0103ng ch\u1ee9c Qu\u1ea3n c\u01a1. V\u1ec1 ch\u1ee9c danh \u201cthi\u00ean h\u1ed9\u201d, nh\u00e0 v\u0103n S\u01a1n Nam gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch: \u201cThi\u00ean h\u1ed9 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e0u, phong t\u01b0\u1edbc h\u00e0m, nh\u1edd quy\u00ean g\u00f3p v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c ngh\u0129a, khi Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ebfn. T\u00f9y kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00faa g\u1ea1o, ti\u1ec1n b\u1ea1c \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec vua T\u1ef1 \u0110\u1ee9c phong B\u00e1 h\u1ed9 (b\u1ef1c th\u1ea5p), Thi\u00ean h\u1ed9 (b\u1ef1c cao h\u01a1n) r\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ebfn V\u1ea1n h\u1ed9. Thi\u00ean h\u1ed9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0n, t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng 128","T\u1eacP 5: DANH NH\u00c2N QU\u00c2N S\u1ef0 VI\u1ec6T NAM cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi quy\u1ec1n qu\u00fd, ch\u1ee7 \u0111i\u1ec1n, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vua c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ecba t\u00f4 v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 t\u00e1 \u0111i\u1ec1n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0n h\u1ed9 d\u00e2n. Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, vua kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea5p cho m\u1ed9t s\u00e0o, m\u1ed9t m\u1eabu n\u00e0o c\u1ea3\u201d (1). C\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ecbnh, v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tinh th\u00f4ng v\u00f5 ngh\u1ec7 \u0111ang \u00f4m \u1ea5p ho\u00e0i b\u00e3o l\u1edbn, n\u00ean nh\u1eefng l\u01b0u d\u00e2n d\u01b0\u1edbi quy\u1ec1n ch\u1ec9 huy c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u00f4ng ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c kh\u1ea9n hoang, h\u1ecd c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch luy\u1ec7n t\u1eadp v\u00f5 ngh\u1ec7 \u201ckhi chi\u1ebfn tranh ra tr\u1eadn, khi b\u00ecnh lo c\u00e0y cu\u1ed1c\u201d. Sau n\u00e0y, ch\u00ednh nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n ngh\u00e8o, d\u00e2n l\u01b0u t\u00e1n n\u00e0y l\u00e0 l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u ngoan c\u01b0\u1eddng d\u01b0\u1edbi ng\u1ecdn c\u1edd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ecbnh, V\u00f5 Duy D\u01b0\u01a1ng, Th\u1ee7 Khoa Hu\u00e2n, Nguy\u1ec5n Trung Tr\u1ef1c, Ph\u1ee7 C\u1eadu, Phan V\u0103n \u0110\u1ea1t, L\u00ea Cao D\u0169ng... d\u1ef1ng n\u00ean trang s\u1eed h\u00e0o h\u00f9ng ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u1ed1ng Ph\u00e1p. C\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p l\u1eebng l\u1eaby nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean H\u1ed9 D\u01b0\u01a1ng g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi chi\u1ebfn khu \u0110\u1ed3ng Th\u00e1p M\u01b0\u1eddi, sau khi tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh k\u00fd H\u00f2a \u01b0\u1edbc n\u0103m 1862. Nh\u01b0ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3, khi Nguy\u1ec5n Tri Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vua T\u1ef1 \u0110\u1ee9c c\u1eed gi\u1eef ch\u1ee9c T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Qu\u00e2n v\u1ee5 v\u00e0o Nam ch\u1ec9 huy qu\u00e2n th\u1ee9 Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh ch\u1ed1ng ph\u00e1p, th\u00ec l\u00fac \u1ea5y, Thi\u00ean H\u1ed9 D\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7t ki\u1ec7t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Nam t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed9i qu\u00e2n s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng \u1ee9ng chi\u1ebfn. C\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, t\u1ea1i Ba Gi\u1ed3ng, ph\u00eda t\u00e2y b\u1eafc t\u1ec9nh \u0110\u1ecbnh T\u01b0\u1eddng (nay thu\u1ed9c t\u1ec9nh Ti\u1ec1n Giang) \u00f4ng c\u00f9ng Th\u1ee7 Khoa Hu\u00e2n m\u1ed9 qu\u00e2n \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u1eb7c v\u00e0 c\u00f3 m\u1ed1i h\u1ec7 ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd v\u1edbi ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n c\u1ee7a Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ecbnh (G\u00f2 C\u00f4ng), Tr\u1ea7n Xu\u00e2n H\u00f2a (Cai L\u1eady), Qu\u1ea3n L\u00e0 (C\u1ea7n Giu\u1ed9c)... \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng c\u00f9ng Th\u1ee7 Khoa Hu\u00e2n chi\u00eau hi\u1ec1n t\u1ee5 ngh\u0129a k\u00e9o v\u1ec1 gi\u1ea3i v\u00e2y cho th\u00e0nh Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh, khi b\u1ecb Ph\u00e1p t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng n\u0103m 1859. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, Ba Gi\u1ed3ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u0103n c\u1ee9 kh\u00e1ng Ph\u00e1p b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ea1i b\u1ea3n doanh c\u1ee7a Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ecbnh \u1edf G\u00f2 C\u00f4ng. Nh\u1eefng tr\u1eadn \u0111\u00e1nh long tr\u1eddi l\u1edf \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ed5 ra, th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n kh\u00ed th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n qu\u00e2n Nam k\u1ef3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u1eb7c gi\u1eef t\u1eebng t\u1ea5c \u0111\u1ea5t, cho d\u00f9 v\u0169 kh\u00ed t\u1ed1i t\u00e2n, l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00f9ng h\u1eadu c\u1ee7a gi\u1eb7c Ph\u00e1p \u0111ang ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u00e0nh th\u1ebf ti\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng. Th\u00e1ng gi\u00eang n\u0103m 1861, ch\u00fang chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3n K\u1ef3 H\u00f2a (Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh), sau \u0111\u00f3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e1nh chi\u1ebfm M\u1ef9 Tho, Bi\u00ean H\u00f2a v\u00e0 V\u0129nh Long. Trong khi nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t \u1edf ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Nam \u0111ang m\u1ea5t d\u1ea7n v\u00e0o tay qu\u00e2n vi\u1ec5n chinh, th\u00ec ngo\u00e0i B\u1eafc gi\u1eb7c gi\u00e3 l\u1ea1i n\u1ed5i l\u00ean nh\u01b0 r\u01b0\u01a1i, (1) \u0110\u1ecba ch\u00ed \u0110\u1ed3ng Th\u00e1p M\u01b0\u1eddi - H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng Khoa h\u1ecdc X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh bi\u00ean so\u1ea1n - NXB Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb Qu\u1ed1c gia -1996, trang 272). 129","B\u1ed8 S\u00c1CH K\u1ec2 CHUY\u1ec6N DANH NH\u00c2N VI\u1ec6T NAM Trao \u0111\u1ed5i \u1ee7y nhi\u1ec7m th\u01b0 t\u1ea1i Hu\u1ebf tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi Phan Thanh Gi\u1ea3n v\u00e0o S\u00e0i G\u00f2n k\u00fd hi\u1ec7p \u01b0\u1edbc Nh\u00e2m Tu\u1ea5t (1862) ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch cai tr\u1ecb h\u00e0 kh\u1eafc c\u1ee7a tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh! V\u1edbi t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf \u201cn\u1ed9i c\u00f4ng ngo\u1ea1i k\u00edch\u201d, vua T\u1ef1 \u0110\u1ee9c nh\u1ea5p nh\u1ecfm nh\u01b0 ng\u1ed3i tr\u00ean l\u1eeda, v\u1ed9i sai Phan Thanh Gi\u1ea3n v\u00e0 Phan Duy Ti\u1ebfp ph\u1ea3i t\u00ecm m\u1ecdi c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3ng h\u00f2a v\u1edbi gi\u1eb7c Ph\u00e1p. \u201cHi\u1ec7p \u01b0\u1edbc H\u00f2a b\u00ecnh v\u00e0 H\u1eefu ngh\u1ecb\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00fd ng\u00e0y 5\/6\/1862 (t\u1ee9c ng\u00e0y 9\/5 n\u0103m Nh\u00e2m Tu\u1ea5t) t\u1ea1i S\u00e0i G\u00f2n. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, vua T\u1ef1 \u0110\u1ee9c xu\u1ed1ng ch\u1ec9 bu\u1ed9c c\u00e1c l\u00e3nh t\u1ee5 kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ph\u1ea3i b\u00e3i binh, than \u00f4i \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a ph\u1ea3i bu\u00f4ng v\u0169 kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ea7u h\u00e0ng, ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn nh\u1eefng t\u1ea5c \u0111\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a T\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c b\u1ecb qu\u00e2n vi\u1ec5n chinh gi\u00e0y x\u00e9o! Vua T\u1ef1 \u0110\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t h\u1ecd v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf \u201cti\u1ebfn tho\u00e1i l\u01b0\u1ee1ng nan\u201d. L\u00e0 k\u1ebb s\u0129 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 th\u1ea5m nhu\u1ea7n h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng lu\u00e2n l\u00fd cang th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh t\u1eeb h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0n n\u0103m \u201cqu\u00e2n t\u1eed, th\u1ea7n t\u1eed, th\u1ea7n b\u1ea5t t\u1eed b\u1ea5t trung\u201d, th\u1ebf nay c\u00e3i m\u1ec7nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u0103ng? Sau khi c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc, \u0111\u1eb7t v\u1eadn m\u1ec7nh h\u01b0ng vong c\u1ee7a T\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c l\u00ean tr\u00ean, h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng theo l\u01b0\u01a1ng tri c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc. B\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p l\u1ec7nh b\u00e3i binh, ng\u00e0y 4\/9\/1861, Thi\u00ean H\u1ed9 D\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u1ec9 huy ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n t\u1eadp k\u00edch \u0111\u1ed3n Bourdais, n\u1eb1m tr\u00ean tuy\u1ebfn ph\u00f2ng th\u1ee7 r\u1ea1ch B\u1ea3o \u0110\u1ecbnh, nh\u1eb1m c\u1eaft \u0111\u1ee9t s\u1ef1 li\u00ean l\u1ea1c c\u1ee7a gi\u1eb7c gi\u1eefa M\u1ef9 Tho v\u00e0 T\u00e2n An. Tr\u1eadn \u0111\u00e1nh n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea9y qu\u00e2n vi\u1ec5n chinh v\u00e0o th\u1ebf b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed9ng, ch\u00fang ph\u1ea3i \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u1ec7n binh \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3i v\u00e2y. Ng\u00e0y 14\/10\/1861, Thi\u00ean h\u1ed9 D\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f9ng \u00c1n s\u00e1t \u0110\u1ecbnh T\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c m\u1ed9t tr\u1eadn \u0111\u00e1nh l\u1edbn \u1edf C\u00e1i Thia, C\u00e1i B\u00e8 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng ph\u00e1o thuy\u1ec1n Gougeard \u0111ang tu\u1ea7n 130","T\u1eacP 5: DANH NH\u00c2N QU\u00c2N S\u1ef0 VI\u1ec6T NAM ti\u1ec5u tr\u00ean s\u00f4ng Ti\u1ec1n. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 hai t\u00e0u chi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a gi\u1eb7c b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e1nh ch\u00ecm v\u00e0 gi\u1ebft ch\u1ebft tr\u00ean 50 l\u00ednh Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 b\u1ecdn m\u00e3 t\u00e0. Nh\u1eefng tr\u1eadn \u0111\u00e1nh n\u00e0y \u0111em l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, b\u1edfi c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd nh\u1eb1m h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 \u201cchia l\u1eeda\u201d cho nhau. Trong th\u1eddi gian n\u00e0y, \u201cV\u00f5 Duy D\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t ch\u1ec9 huy l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t Ba Gi\u1ed3ng t\u1eeb B\u00ecnh C\u00e1ch qua Nhi\u00eau Thu\u1ed9c, M\u1ef9 Qu\u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn C\u00e1i B\u00e8, C\u00e1i Thia. Ba Gi\u1ed3ng th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trung t\u00e2m kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn \u1edf ph\u00eda t\u00e2y b\u1eafc t\u1ec9nh \u0110\u1ecbnh T\u01b0\u1eddng k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi trung t\u00e2m T\u00e2n H\u00f2a (G\u00f2 C\u00f4ng) c\u1ee7a Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a qu\u00e2n x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0o t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng l\u00fang t\u00fang v\u1ec1 chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eefa t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n binh l\u1ef1c\u201d (1). S\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, v\u00ec trong su\u1ed1t th\u1eddi gian b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u01b0\u1edbc Nam, c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u1edf v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t m\u1edbi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Nam, gi\u1eb7c Ph\u00e1p lu\u00f4n g\u1eb7p s\u1ef1 ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd khi\u1ebfn ch\u00fang ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n binh l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3. S\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i \u1edf th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m Thi\u00ean H\u1ed9 D\u01b0\u01a1ng gi\u01b0\u01a1ng cao ng\u1ecdn c\u1edd kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn m\u00e0 c\u00f2n k\u00e9o d\u00e0i m\u00e3i v\u1ec1 sau... V\u1edf H\u1ed3n thi\u00eang ca ng\u1ee3i g\u01b0\u01a1ng chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a V\u00f5 Duy D\u01b0\u01a1ng (1)V\u00f5 Duy D\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn \u0110\u1ed3ng Th\u00e1p M\u01b0\u1eddi, tr. 113. 131","B\u1ed8 S\u00c1CH K\u1ec2 CHUY\u1ec6N DANH NH\u00c2N VI\u1ec6T NAM M\u1ed9t c\u1ea3nh trong v\u1edf H\u1ed3n thi\u00eang C\u00e1c l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e3 \u201cd\u1ecdc ngang n\u00e0o bi\u1ebft tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f3 ai\u201d. N\u0103m 1863, Th\u1ee7 Khoa Hu\u00e2n b\u1ecb T\u1ed5ng \u0111\u1ed1c An Giang b\u1eaft n\u1ed9p cho Ph\u00e1p, \u00f4ng b\u1ecb ch\u00fang \u0111\u00e0y sang \u0111\u1ea3o R\u00e9union; n\u0103m 1864, Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ecbnh b\u1ecb t\u00ean ph\u1ea3n b\u1ed9i Hu\u1ef3nh T\u1ea5n d\u1eabn gi\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ebfn c\u0103n c\u1ee9 ph\u1ee5c k\u00edch gi\u1ebft ch\u1ebft; H\u1ed3 Hu\u00e2n Nghi\u1ec7p sa v\u00e0o tay gi\u1eb7c v\u00e0 b\u1ecb \u00e1n ch\u00e9m... Nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng v\u00ec th\u1ebf l\u00e0 l\u00f2ng d\u00e2n nao n\u00fang. H\u1ecbch k\u00eau g\u1ecdi \u0111\u00e1nh T\u00e2y ra \u0111\u1eddi trong th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y v\u1eabn l\u1eddi tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 \u0111anh th\u00e9p: Ch\u1edb th\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ed3n d\u01b0\u1edbi G\u00f2 C\u00f4ng th\u1ea5t th\u1ee7 m\u00e0 tr\u1edf m\u1eb7t h\u1ea1i nhau, Ch\u1edb nghe b\u1ea3o tr\u00ean B\u1ebfn Ngh\u00e9 ph\u00e2n c\u01b0 m\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0nh l\u00f2ng theo m\u1ecdi. H\u1ec5 l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1edb \u1edf hai l\u00f2ng, \u0110\u00e3 v\u00ec n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u1ea3i theo m\u1ed9t ph\u00eda. 132","T\u1eacP 5: DANH NH\u00c2N QU\u00c2N S\u1ef0 VI\u1ec6T NAM Tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0m ngh\u0129a, sau c\u0169ng l\u00e0m ngh\u0129a, tr\u01b0\u1edbc sau cho tr\u1ecdn, S\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 danh, th\u00e1c c\u0169ng c\u00f3 danh, s\u1ed1ng th\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7ng th\u01a1m danh n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u00e0... Tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t to l\u1edbn tr\u00ean, \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o to\u00e0n l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, Thi\u00ean H\u1ed9 D\u01b0\u01a1ng nhanh ch\u00f3ng \u0111\u01b0a qu\u00e2n v\u1ec1 \u1edf \u0110\u1ed3ng Th\u00e1p M\u01b0\u1eddi - m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh, \u0111\u1ecba th\u1ebf hi\u1ec3m tr\u1edf, th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t: Th\u00e1p M\u01b0\u1eddi n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7n \u0111\u1ed3ng chua H\u1ed5 m\u00e2y, c\u00e1 s\u1ea5u thi \u0111ua v\u1eaby v\u00f9ng Mu\u1ed7i k\u00eau nh\u01b0 s\u00e1o th\u1ed5i \u0110\u1ec9a l\u1ec1nh t\u1ee3 b\u00e1nh canh C\u1ecf m\u1ecdc th\u00e0nh tinh R\u1eafn \u0111\u1ed3ng bi\u1ebft g\u00e1y Khi ch\u1ecdn v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00e0y l\u00e0m c\u0103n c\u1ee9 kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn, r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, Thi\u00ean H\u1ed9 D\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00e0nh v\u1ec1 m\u00ecnh th\u1ebf ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng trong \u0111i\u1ec1u binh khi\u1ec3n t\u01b0\u1edbng. M\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t tr\u0169ng, s\u00ecnh l\u1ea7y m\u00e0 ngay c\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3n x\u1ee9 c\u0169ng ng\u1ea1i ng\u00f9ng: T\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y x\u1ee9 s\u1edf l\u1ea1 l\u00f9ng Con chim k\u00eau c\u0169ng s\u1ee3, con c\u00e1 v\u00f9ng c\u0169ng kinh ... Ch\u00e8o ghe s\u1ee3 s\u1ea5u c\u1eafn ch\u01b0n Xu\u1ed1ng b\u01b0ng s\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ec9a, l\u00ean r\u1eebng s\u1ee3 ma khi\u1ebfn gi\u1eb7c Ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng d\u00e1m li\u1ec1u l\u0129nh \u0111em qu\u00e2n t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng c\u0169ng l\u00e0 l\u1ebd t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean. V\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t s\u00ecnh l\u1ea7y, c\u1ecf c\u00e2y lau l\u00e1ch um t\u00f9m n\u00e0y n\u1eb1m v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda b\u1eafc c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng s\u00f4ng C\u1eedu Long, c\u00f2n c\u00f3 t\u00ean \u0110\u1ed3ng Lau s\u1eady, \u0110\u1ed3ng C\u1ecf L\u00e1c. Sau n\u00e0y, trong cu\u1ed9c tr\u01b0\u1eddng chinh ch\u1ed1ng ngo\u1ea1i x\u00e2m, b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9i C\u1ee5 H\u1ed3 c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 noi g\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec1n nh\u00e2n ch\u1ecdn \u0110\u1ed3ng Th\u00e1p M\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1eadp c\u0103n c\u1ee9 kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec th\u1ebf, v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00e0o h\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a tinh th\u1ea7n qu\u1eadt kh\u1edfi: Bao gi\u1edd h\u1ebft c\u1ecf Th\u00e1p M\u01b0\u1eddi Th\u00ec d\u00e2n Nam m\u1edbi h\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e1nh T\u00e2y ... 133","B\u1ed8 S\u00c1CH K\u1ec2 CHUY\u1ec6N DANH NH\u00c2N VI\u1ec6T NAM Ai \u01a1i n\u1ec1n Th\u00e1p m\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea7ng Tr\u0103m n\u0103m l\u01b0u d\u1ea5u anh h\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e1nh T\u00e2y ... Th\u00e1p M\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed3ng r\u1ed9ng bao la T\u00e2y v\u00f4 \u0110\u1ed3ng Th\u00e1p l\u00e0m ma kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea7u \u0110\u1ed3ng Th\u00e1p M\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u00e0y x\u01b0a thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Th\u1ee7y Ch\u00e2n L\u1ea1p, ca dao c\u00f3 c\u00e2u: Th\u00e1p M\u01b0\u1eddi n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7n \u0111\u1ed3ng chua Ph\u00f9 sa mu\u00f4n d\u1eb7m c\u1ee7a vua Ch\u00f9a V\u00e0ng T\u1ea1i sao c\u00f3 t\u00ean \u0110\u1ed3ng Th\u00e1p M\u01b0\u1eddi? C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u1eb7t ra: th\u00e1p c\u00f3 10 t\u1ea7ng n\u00ean g\u1ecdi Th\u00e1p M\u01b0\u1eddi; ho\u1eb7c th\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng sau 9 th\u00e1p kh\u00e1c n\u00ean g\u1ecdi Th\u00e1p M\u01b0\u1eddi. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u L\u00ea H\u01b0\u01a1ng: \u201cTh\u00e1p M\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ng\u00f4i th\u00e1p b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e1 do vua Jayavarman VII x\u00e2y c\u1ea5t tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1edd v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n B\u00e0 La M\u00f4n l\u00e0 v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n chuy\u00ean tr\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh cho nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh th\u00e1p c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng c\u0103n nh\u00e0 s\u00e0n l\u1ee3p b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e1 m\u1ecfng, b\u1eb1ng ng\u00f3i hay b\u1eb1ng l\u00e1 th\u1ed1t n\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ed1m n\u1eb1m d\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u1ec7nh do nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean y t\u1ebf ho\u00e0ng tri\u1ec1u coi s\u00f3c. Nh\u1eefng ng\u00f4i th\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y c\u1ea5t d\u1ecdc theo c\u00e1c con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1edbn trong n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e0 ng\u00f4i n\u1eb1m trong \u0110\u1ed3ng Th\u00e1p M\u01b0\u1eddi, t\u00ednh t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3m xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t, \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u00e0o h\u00e0ng th\u1ee9 m\u01b0\u1eddi. Th\u1eddi gian tr\u00f4i qua, t\u00e0n ph\u00e1 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac c\u1ed5 nh\u00e2n, d\u00e3y nh\u00e0 g\u1ed7 \u0111i\u00eau t\u00e0n, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t t\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u01b0 t\u1eed \u0111\u00e1 v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t linh ph\u00f9 (linga) c\u0169ng b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e1, d\u01b0\u1edbi b\u1ec7 c\u00f3 kh\u1eafc ch\u1eef B\u1eafc Ph\u1ea1n (Sanscrit) ghi t\u00ean th\u00e1p th\u1ee9 m\u01b0\u1eddi\u201d. (Xem t\u1eadp san S\u1eed - \u0110\u1ecba s\u1ed1 14, n\u0103m 1969 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n t\u1ea1i S\u00e0i G\u00f2n). Trong th\u1eddi gian l\u1eadp c\u0103n c\u1ee9 t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y, Thi\u00ean H\u1ed9 D\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn cao nh\u1ea5t t\u1ea1i Nam k\u1ef3. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 huy nhi\u1ec1u tr\u1eadn \u0111\u00e1nh vang d\u1ed9i nh\u01b0 tr\u1eadn M\u1ef9 Tr\u00e0 (7\/1865), tr\u1eadn C\u00e1i N\u1ee9a (3\/1866)... Nh\u1eefng t\u01b0\u1edbng l\u0129nh t\u00e0i gi\u1ecfi d\u01b0\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0110\u1ed1c binh Ki\u1ec1u, Th\u1ee7 Chi\u1ebfu, Ph\u00f2ng Bi\u1ec3u, Nhi\u00eau Ch\u1ea5n, Nhi\u00eau B\u00e1, Th\u00f4ng Ph\u1ee5ng... H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft, nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i v\u00e0o trong truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft d\u00e2n gian v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n \u0111an c\u00e0i h\u01b0, th\u1ef1c nh\u1eb1m ca ng\u1ee3i tin th\u1ea7n y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecf m\u00ecnh v\u00ec N\u01b0\u1edbc. 134","T\u1eacP 5: DANH NH\u00c2N QU\u00c2N S\u1ef0 VI\u1ec6T NAM Thi\u00ean H\u1ed9 D\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ed3ng Th\u00e1p M\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? N\u0103m 1954, h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 Nguy\u1ec5n Hi\u1ebfn L\u00ea khi vi\u1ebft quy\u1ec3n du k\u00fd - bi\u00ean kh\u1ea3o B\u1ea3y ng\u00e0y trong \u0110\u1ed3ng Th\u00e1p M\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 tham kh\u1ea3o \u201cM\u1ed9t t\u1edd tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i Ph\u00e1p n\u0103m 1865\u201d v\u00e0 cho bi\u1ebft nh\u01b0 sau: \u201cCh\u1ec9 c\u00f3 ba con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o Th\u00e1p M\u01b0\u1eddi: m\u1ed9t t\u1eeb g\u00f2 B\u1eafc Chi\u00eang \u0111i xu\u1ed1ng, m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eeb r\u1ea1ch C\u1ea7n L\u1ed1 \u0111i l\u00ean, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eeb C\u00e1i N\u1ee9a \u0111i l\u1ea1i. \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t T\u01b0\u1ee3ng S\u01b0 t\u1eed v\u00e0 linga t\u1ea1i v\u00f9ng Th\u00e1p M\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i qua \u0111\u1ed3n T\u1ea3, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ee9 nh\u00ec qua \u0111\u1ed3n H\u1eefu v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ee9 ba qua \u0111\u1ed1n Ti\u1ec1n. Ba \u0111\u1ed3n \u1ea5y che ch\u1edf cho t\u1ed5ng h\u00e0nh dinh \u1edf Th\u00e1p M\u01b0\u1eddi. \u0110\u1ed3n n\u00e0o c\u0169ng c\u00f3 l\u0169y \u0111\u1ea5t chung quanh, cao ch\u1eebng 2 th\u01b0\u1edbc r\u01b0\u1ee1i, d\u1ea7y kho\u1ea3ng th\u01b0\u1edbc r\u01b0\u1ee1i, trong v\u00e0 ngo\u00e0i l\u0169y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00e0ng c\u1eeb b\u1eb1ng sao; l\u0169y c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee5c c\u1eeda v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eafm ra ngo\u00e0i. M\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ed3n ch\u1ee9a t\u1eeb 200 t\u1edbi 300 ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n, 10 kh\u1ea9u s\u00fang v\u00e0 4 - 5 ch\u1ee5c th\u1edbt s\u00fang b\u1eafn \u0111\u00e1 (pierner) v\u1edbi v\u00e0i kh\u1ea9u \u0111\u1ea1i b\u00e1c 12. Ngo\u00e0i ra, c\u00f2n n\u0103m s\u00e1u \u0111\u1ed3n nh\u1ecf \u1edf xa t\u1ed5ng h\u00e0nh dinh nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed3n G\u00f2 B\u1eafc Chi\u00eang, \u0111\u1ed3n \u1ea5p L\u00fd... m\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ed3n c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng 150 ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n v\u00e0 t\u1eeb 15 t\u1edbi 35 th\u1edbt s\u00fang b\u1eafn \u0111\u00e1. V\u1eady t\u1ed5ng c\u1ed9ng ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n c\u00f3 t\u1edbi 1.000, trong s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u l\u00ednh Tagan (Tagal - t\u1ee9c l\u00ednh L\u00ea D\u01b0\u01a1ng) v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u00ednh Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e0o ng\u0169 t\u00ean l\u00e0 Linguet. Kh\u00ed gi\u1edbi, thu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ea1n th\u00ec c\u00f3 thuy\u1ec1n ch\u1edf t\u1eeb H\u00e0 Ti\u00ean, R\u1ea1ch Gi\u00e1 v\u00e0o. 135","B\u1ed8 S\u00c1CH K\u1ec2 CHUY\u1ec6N DANH NH\u00c2N VI\u1ec6T NAM C\u00f2n l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c th\u00ec ch\u1eafc do d\u00e2n c\u01b0 quanh \u0110\u1ed3ng Th\u00e1p cung c\u1ea5p. Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u1ec7n nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i t\u1eeb C\u1ea7n L\u1ed1 v\u00e0o Th\u00e1p, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1edf g\u1ea1o cho ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n n\u00ean c\u00f3 t\u00ean \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng G\u1ea1o... T\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i Ph\u00e1p do d\u1ef1, kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3ng Th\u00e1p l\u00e0 c\u00f2n s\u1ee3 b\u1ed1n \u201ct\u01b0\u1edbng qu\u00e2n\u201d l\u1ee3i h\u1ea1i nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n: b\u00f9n, \u0111\u1ec9a, n\u1eafng v\u00e0 mu\u1ed7i. C\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed3ng n\u00e0y h\u1ed3i \u1ea5y m\u1ed7i n\u0103m ng\u1eadp \u00edt nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 s\u00e1u th\u00e1ng v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u00e1ng n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea5t kh\u00f4 h\u1eb3n. Trong th\u00e1ng t\u01b0, t\u1ee9c cu\u1ed1i m\u00f9a n\u1eafng, m\u00e0 tr\u00ean ba con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o Th\u00e1p, c\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ed7 n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00e2u \u0111\u1ebfn 5 t\u1ea5c ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t th\u01b0\u1edbc. \u0110i gi\u00e0y \u1ed1ng m\u00e0 l\u1ed9i qua nh\u1eefng ch\u1ed7 s\u00ecnh \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f3 nh\u1ecdc v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng l\u1ea1i c\u00f2n nguy hi\u1ec3m. Trong b\u00f9n l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec9a r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn, k\u00eau l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec9a tr\u00e2u. Ch\u1ec9 v\u00f4 \u00fd m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat l\u00e0 n\u00f3 b\u00e1m v\u00e0o ng\u01b0\u1eddi, lu\u1ed3n v\u00e0o ch\u1ed7 k\u00edn nh\u1ea5t trong th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 m\u00e0 ta kh\u00f4ng hay. L\u00ednh Ph\u00e1p, v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng quen, s\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ec9a l\u1eafm. S\u1ee9c n\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f2n \u0111\u00e1ng s\u1ee3 h\u01a1n. Ch\u00fang ta th\u1eed t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u00ean l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng gay g\u1eaft, d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u00e0 h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc h\u00f4i th\u1ed1i, gi\u1eefa l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng b\u1ee5i lau, s\u1eady, n\u0103n, b\u00e0ng cao c\u00f3 khi t\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Gi\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u01b0\u1edbt qua tr\u00ean ng\u1ecdn, kh\u00f4ng sa len l\u1ecfi v\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng b\u1ee5i \u1ea5y, n\u00ean \u0111i trong \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u1eafm l\u00fac ta th\u1ea5y h\u1ea7m \u0111\u1ebfn ngh\u1eb9t th\u1edf. Nhi\u1ec1u l\u00ednh Ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecb n\u1ed5i s\u1ee9c n\u00f3ng \u1ea5y, tinh th\u1ea7n b\u1ea3i ho\u1ea3i, kh\u00f4ng chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u g\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 ngay ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea7u, \u0111\u1ea1i \u00fay Gally Passebosc \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i xin th\u00eam 25 vi\u1ec7n binh \u0111\u1ec3 thay h\u1ecd. Nh\u01b0ng v\u1ecb t\u01b0\u1edbng qu\u00e2n l\u00e0m cho l\u00ednh Ph\u00e1p kinh h\u1ed3n ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u2018t\u01b0\u1edbng qu\u00e2n\u201d mu\u1ed7i. Th\u1eddi \u1ea5y mu\u1ed7i nhi\u1ec1u t\u1edbi n\u1ed7i, bu l\u1ea1i l\u00e0m cho l\u00ednh Ph\u00e1p m\u1edf m\u1eaft kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, h\u00e1 mi\u1ec7ng c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Ng\u00e0y th\u00ec n\u1eafng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec9a, \u0111\u00eam th\u00ec l\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 c\u00f3 mu\u1ed7i, qu\u00e2n l\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ngh\u1ec9 ng\u01a1i, mau ki\u1ec7t s\u1ee9c l\u1eafm\u201d. Ch\u00ednh nh\u1edd v\u1ecb tr\u00ed l\u1ee3i h\u1ea1i n\u00e0y, ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e1nh nhi\u1ec1u tr\u1eadn l\u1edbn v\u00e0 th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i gi\u00f2n gi\u00e3. Ng\u00e0y 22\/7\/1865, Thi\u00ean H\u1ed9 D\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u1ec9 huy 100 ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trang b\u1ecb 56 kh\u1ea9u s\u00fang, 2 \u0111\u1ea1i b\u00e1c v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u g\u01b0\u01a1m \u0111ao b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3n M\u1ef9 Tr\u00e0 (Sa \u0110\u00e9c). Ngay sau \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ecd ph\u00f3ng h\u1ecfa \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u1ee3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1eafm m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc t\u00e0u nh\u1ecf. Ho\u1ea3ng h\u1ed1t, gi\u1eb7c Ph\u00e1p t\u1eadp trung h\u1ecfa l\u1ef1c ph\u1ea3n c\u00f4ng m\u1ea1nh. Ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n r\u00fat lui, ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecf l\u1ea1i 136","T\u1eacP 5: DANH NH\u00c2N QU\u00c2N S\u1ef0 VI\u1ec6T NAM m\u1ed9t kh\u1ea9u s\u00fang \u0111\u1ea1i b\u00e1c v\u1edbi hai th\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea1n. Nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y k\u1ebf ti\u1ebfp, Thi\u00ean H\u1ed9 D\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1ea1i t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 ch\u1ecdc th\u1ee7ng v\u00e0o tuy\u1ebfn C\u00e1i B\u00e8, M\u1ef9 Qu\u1edbi... Tr\u1eadn \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1eef d\u1ed9i n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 ti\u00eau h\u1ee7y nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed3n tr\u1ea1i, \u0111\u00e1nh tan nhi\u1ec1u to\u00e1n qu\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p. Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u00f3 tay tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u201cxu\u1ea5t qu\u1ef7 nh\u1eadp th\u1ea7n\u201d c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y ra nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t, gi\u1eb7c Ph\u00e1p quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh huy \u0111\u1ed9ng binh m\u00e3 h\u00f9ng h\u1eadu m\u1edf chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng v\u00e0o t\u1ed5ng h\u00e0nh dinh c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean H\u1ed9 D\u01b0\u01a1ng. V\u1ec1 chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch n\u00e0y, h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 Nguy\u1ec5n Hi\u1ebfn L\u00ea cho bi\u1ebft: \u201cT\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u n\u0103m 1866, \u0111\u00f4 \u0111\u1ed1c De Lagrandi\u00e8re m\u01b0u t\u00ednh ph\u1ea3n c\u00f4ng v\u00e0o \u0110\u1ed3ng Th\u00e1p M\u01b0\u1eddi. Cu\u1ed1i th\u00e1ng 3, Ph\u00e1p \u0111em 250 l\u00ednh \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed3n \u1ea4p L\u00fd. Ng\u00e0y 14\/4\/1866, Ph\u00e1p cho nhi\u1ec1u s\u0129 quan v\u00e0 tr\u00ean 500 l\u00ednh chia l\u00e0m 3 tuy\u1ebfn c\u00f9ng ti\u1ebfn v\u00f4 Th\u00e1p M\u01b0\u1eddi. \u0110\u1ed9i qu\u00e2n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1i \u00fay Boub\u00e9 ti\u1ebfn t\u1eeb C\u1ea7n L\u1ed1, ng\u00e0y 15\/4 t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3n Sa Ti\u1ec1n. Kho\u1ea3ng 150 ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n ch\u1ed1ng tr\u1ea3 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd, trung \u00fay Vigny b\u1ecb th\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u1eb7ng, nh\u01b0ng r\u1ed1t cu\u1ed9c ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i v\u00f9i gi\u1ea5u kh\u00ed gi\u1edbi xu\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi b\u00f9n v\u00e0 r\u00fat lui v\u00e0o ph\u00eda trong. C\u0169ng ng\u00e0y \u0111\u00f3, thi\u1ebfu t\u00e1 D\u00e9r\u00f4me chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed3n nh\u1ecf tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eeb C\u00e1i N\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed3n Ti\u1ec1n; c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea1i \u00fay Gally Passebosc th\u00ec chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c G\u00f2 B\u1eafc Chi\u00eang sau khi b\u1ecb kho\u1ea3ng 120 ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n ch\u1ed1ng gi\u1eef kh\u00e1 m\u1ea1nh. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n ph\u1ea3i r\u00fat c\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3n T\u1ea3, H\u1eefu, Ti\u1ec1n. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 h\u00e0ng r\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 t\u1ed5ng h\u00e0nh dinh. Ng\u00e0y 16\/4\/1866, D\u00e9r\u00f4me t\u1edbi \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed3n Ti\u1ec1n. Qu\u1ea3n T\u1ea5n h\u0103ng h\u00e1i nh\u1ea5t \u0111i ti\u00ean phong t\u00ednh l\u1ea5y ngay \u0111\u1ed3n \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e3nh c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea7u, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee3i qu\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p \u1edf sau \u0111i t\u1edbi, v\u1ed9i v\u00e0ng t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng, nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t s\u00fang trong \u0111\u1ed3n ria ra h\u1ea1 lu\u00f4n m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n ba s\u1ed1 l\u00ednh c\u1ee7a y, v\u00e0 y h\u1ea5p t\u1ea5p r\u00fat lui. H\u00f4m sau, D\u00e9r\u00f4me l\u1ea1i t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3n Ti\u1ec1n m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa; c\u00f2n Galy th\u00ec t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3n T\u1ea3 do \u0111\u00edch th\u00e2n Thi\u00ean H\u1ed9 D\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u1ed1ng gi\u1eef. Qu\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p bao v\u00e2y ba m\u1eb7t, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 m\u1eb7t h\u1eadu \u0111\u01b0a v\u1ec1 Th\u00e1p M\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng r\u00fat lui c\u1ee7a ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n. Khi \u1ea5y n\u01b0\u1edbc chung quanh \u0111\u1ed3n s\u00e2u tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t th\u01b0\u1edbc, mu\u1ed1n t\u1edbi g\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed3n, l\u00ednh Ph\u00e1p ph\u1ea3i \u0111eo t\u00fai \u0111\u1ea1n l\u00ean c\u1ed5 cho kh\u1ecfi b\u1ecb \u01b0\u1edbt. Ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i k\u1ecbch li\u1ec7t, ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eafm v\u00e0o l\u00ednh Ph\u00e1p m\u00e0 b\u1eafn, n\u00ean b\u1ecdn l\u00ednh tay sai th\u1eeba c\u01a1 leo \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed3n. Ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n r\u00fat 137","B\u1ed8 S\u00c1CH K\u1ec2 CHUY\u1ec6N DANH NH\u00c2N VI\u1ec6T NAM lui r\u1ea5t kh\u00e9o, kh\u00f4ng ai b\u1ecb b\u1eaft, c\u00f2n qu\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p th\u00ec b\u1ecb th\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n ba m\u1edbi chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3n, chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 3 kh\u1ea9u s\u00fang \u0111\u1ea1i b\u00e1c 12, 17 th\u1edbt s\u00fang b\u1eafn \u0111\u00e1 v\u00e0 27 chi\u1ebfc ghe, xu\u1ed3ng. Ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m sau, \u0111\u1ed3n T\u1ea3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3n Ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec1u th\u1ea5t th\u1ee7. Ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n v\u00e0 Thi\u00ean H\u1ed9 D\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1ecf h\u00e0nh dinh Th\u00e1p M\u01b0\u1eddi. Galy v\u00e0o chi\u1ebfm m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed3n tr\u1ed1ng. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed3n vu\u00f4ng v\u1ee9c m\u1ed7i chi\u1ec1u ch\u1eebng 200 th\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u1eeda r\u1ea5t ch\u1eafc, s\u00fang b\u1eafn kh\u00f4ng th\u1ee7ng. Trong \u0111\u1ed3n c\u00f3 v\u00e0i ch\u1ee5c n\u00f3c nh\u00e0, kho ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ea1n d\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c. Ph\u00e1p n\u1ed5i l\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed1t, ch\u00e1y 2 ng\u00e0y m\u1edbi t\u1eaft. Ng\u00e0y 19\/4, qu\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p quay v\u1ec1 v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i \u0111i v\u1ea5t v\u1ea3 2 ng\u00e0y n\u1eefa m\u1edbi t\u1edbi c\u0103n c\u1ee9 c\u0169. Su\u1ed1t trong tu\u1ea7n l\u1ec5, th\u1ee7y qu\u00e2n do t\u00e0u ch\u1edf, ch\u1ea1y d\u1ecdc theo c\u00e1c s\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 phong t\u1ecfa \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ra c\u1ee7a ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n. Ng\u00e0y 22\/4, trong khi v\u1ec1 T\u00e2n An, m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc t\u00e0u kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u v\u00ec l\u1ebd g\u00ec m\u00e0 ch\u00ecm, 11 l\u00ednh Ph\u00e1p ch\u1ebft. Sau tr\u1eadn \u0110\u1ed3ng Th\u00e1p M\u01b0\u1eddi, qu\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p ki\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u1ea5y ch\u1ebft v\u00e0 b\u1ecb th\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00f4ng d\u01b0\u1edbi 100 m\u1ea1ng\u201d (S\u0110D tr.43 - 49). Th\u1eafng tr\u1eadn n\u00e0y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 \u201cl\u1ea5y l\u00e0m h\u00e3nh di\u1ec7n v\u00ec k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, v\u00ec r\u1eb1ng t\u1eeb nay ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t s\u1ebd h\u1ebft \u1ea3o v\u1ecdng, h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng ta ch\u1ec9 th\u1eafng h\u1ecd \u1edf chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng m\u00e0 th\u00f4i\u201d. Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf cho th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi hu\u00eanh hoang n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn Vi\u1ec7t Nam ch\u1ee9ng minh ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh nh\u1eefng chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft theo nh\u1eadt k\u00fd h\u00e0nh qu\u00e2n c\u1ee7a l\u00ednh Ph\u00e1p tham gia chi\u1ebfn tr\u1eadn, ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ed5 sung th\u00eam nhi\u1ec1u chi ti\u1ebft th\u00fa v\u1ecb theo l\u1eddi k\u1ec3 l\u01b0u truy\u1ec1n trong d\u00e2n gian,. T\u01b0\u01a1ng truy\u1ec1n, t\u1ea1i t\u1ed5ng h\u00e0nh dinh khi b\u00e0n k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 l\u1ea1i t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng n\u1ebfu gi\u1eb7c Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ed5 qu\u00e2n t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng, l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1eadt ch\u00fang ra m\u00e0 \u00edt t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t nh\u1ea5t? Thi\u00ean H\u1ed9 D\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f9ng b\u1ed9 ch\u1ec9 huy v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a t\u00ecm ra k\u1ebf s\u00e1ch n\u00e0o hay nh\u1ea5t, b\u1ed7ng ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n v\u00e0o b\u00e1o c\u00e1o c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebfn xin hi\u1ebfn k\u1ebf. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u00e3o n\u00f4ng qu\u1eaft th\u01b0\u1edbc, tr\u00ean tay c\u1ea7m theo m\u00f5 tr\u00e2u v\u00e0 cho bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00e3 hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea7y tr\u00e2u bi\u1ebft nghe theo ti\u1ebfng m\u00f5. Th\u1eadt v\u1eady, c\u1ea3 b\u1ea7y tr\u00e2u h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m con \u0111\u00e3 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng r\u0103m r\u1eafp theo nh\u1ecbp nh\u1eb7t khoan c\u1ee7a ti\u1ebfng m\u00f5. Thi\u00ean H\u1ed9 D\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng l\u1eafm v\u00e0 ch\u1ecdn k\u1ebf s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y. Do \u0111\u00f3, l\u00fac qu\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p h\u00f9ng h\u1ed5 ti\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng, 138","T\u1eacP 5: DANH NH\u00c2N QU\u00c2N S\u1ef0 VI\u1ec6T NAM \u00f4ng kh\u00f4n kh\u00e9o b\u00e0y binh b\u1ed1 tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00fang l\u1ecdt v\u00e0o tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecba mai ph\u1ee5c, l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9i h\u00ecnh tr\u00e2u \u0111\u00e3 theo ti\u1ebfng m\u00f5 m\u00e0 x\u00f4ng ra giao chi\u1ebfn d\u1eef d\u1ed9i. \u0110\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e0n tr\u00e2u h\u00f9ng h\u1ed5, nhanh nh\u1eb9n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u gi\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng ng\u1edd tr\u01b0\u1edbc, ch\u00fang tr\u1edf tay kh\u00f4ng k\u1ecbp v\u00e0 ch\u1ebft t\u1ea1i tr\u1eadn nhi\u1ec1u v\u00f4 s\u1ed1. Sau chi\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng, b\u1ea7y tr\u00e2u thi\u1ec7n chi\u1ebfn n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Thi\u00ean H\u1ed9 D\u01b0\u01a1ng phong Ng\u01b0u qu\u00e2n th\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u01b0\u1edbng. Kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng th\u1ebf, \u00f4ng c\u00f2n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ea3 r\u1eafn, ong b\u00f2 v\u1ebd \u0111\u1ec3 tham gia gi\u1ebft gi\u1eb7c v.v... Nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n n\u00e0y tho\u1ea1t nghe c\u00f3 v\u1ebb ly k\u1ef3, nh\u01b0ng th\u1eadt ra n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb c\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u00f3 th\u1eadt. B\u1edfi nh\u01b0 ta bi\u1ebft, khi ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh \u00e1i qu\u1ed1c b\u1eb1ng chi\u1ebfn thu\u1eadt du k\u00edch, l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng \u01b0u th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecba h\u00ecnh, \u0111\u1ecba v\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1eafng \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1edbn m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n m\u00ecnh g\u1ea5p nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, nh\u1eefng truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft tr\u00ean cho th\u1ea5y ngo\u00e0i t\u00e0i c\u1ea7m qu\u00e2n, Thi\u00ean H\u1ed9 D\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0m t\u1ed1t c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c \u201cd\u00e2n v\u1eadn\u201d, v\u00ec th\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9, t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean s\u1ef1 \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 n\u00e0y c\u00f2n b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u00ednh ngh\u0129a m\u00e0 \u00f4ng \u0111ang l\u00e0 v\u1ecb t\u1ed5ng ch\u1ec9 huy t\u1ed1i cao. Ca dao ghi l\u1ea1i l\u00f2ng d\u00e2n d\u00e0nh cho \u00f4ng: Chi\u1ec1u chi\u1ec1u m\u00e2y v\u0169 gi\u00f3 v\u1ea7n C\u1ea3m \u00f4ng Thi\u00ean H\u1ed9 x\u1ea3 th\u00e2n c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1eddi Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec th\u1ebf, d\u00f9 gi\u1eb7c Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i trong chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed3ng Th\u00e1p M\u01b0\u1eddi, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 khu\u1ea5t ph\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00fd ch\u00ed chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, Thi\u00ean H\u1ed9 D\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1eabn t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n Campuchia v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u1ee7 l\u0129nh kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn c\u00e1c n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf v\u00f9ng bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi t\u1eeb T\u00e2y Ninh \u0111\u1ebfn An Giang. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00ed th\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u n\u00e0y, gi\u1eb7c Ph\u00e1p ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i nh\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ec3 g\u00e2y \u00e1p l\u1ef1c, ch\u00fang cho r\u1eb1ng, s\u1ef1 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 do c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap c\u1ee7a tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m v\u1eeba l\u00f2ng ch\u00fang, vua T\u1ef1 \u0110\u1ee9c bu\u1ed9c l\u00f2ng ra D\u1ee5 c\u00f4ng khai t\u1ea7m n\u00e3 c\u00e1c anh h\u00f9ng kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn. Trong \u0110\u1ea1i Nam th\u1ef1c l\u1ee5c do S\u1eed qu\u00e1n nh\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n bi\u00ean so\u1ea1n \u1edf m\u1ee5c \u201cN\u0103m B\u00ednh D\u1ea7n, T\u1ef1 \u0110\u1ee9c XIX (1866)\u201d ta th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 \u0111o\u1ea1n vi\u1ebft li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn Thi\u00ean H\u1ed9 D\u01b0\u01a1ng: \u201cB\u1ea5y gi\u1edd, th\u00e1ng 6, ch\u1ee7 s\u00fay Ph\u00e1p cho l\u00e0 ba t\u1ec9nh (An Giang, V\u0129nh Long, H\u00e0 Ti\u00ean) v\u1eabn ch\u1ee9a gi\u1ea5u t\u00ean Thi\u00ean H\u1ed9 D\u01b0\u01a1ng, cho 139","B\u1ed8 S\u00c1CH K\u1ec2 CHUY\u1ec6N DANH NH\u00c2N VI\u1ec6T NAM m\u01b0\u1ee3n kh\u00ed gi\u1edbi gi\u00fap vi\u1ec7c chinh chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m c\u1edb m\u1edbi\u201d. Nh\u00e0 vua tr\u00e1ch \u201cB\u00e8n xu\u1ed1ng D\u1ee5 sai kinh l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ea7n v\u00e0 t\u1ec9nh th\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3 d\u00f2 x\u00e9t, n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 t\u00ean D\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 b\u1ecdn t\u00f2ng qu\u00e2n l\u00e9n l\u00fat \u1ea9n n\u00e1u trong h\u1ea1t, b\u1eaft giao ngay; n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng th\u00ec b\u00e1o cho quan ch\u1ee7 s\u00fay Ph\u00e1p t\u1ef1 b\u1eaft l\u1ea5y\u201d. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec th\u1ebf, ca dao c\u00f2n l\u01b0u truy\u1ec1n l\u1eddi th\u1edf than v\u00e0 m\u1ec9a mai: Chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e2u c\u00f3 chuy\u1ec7n l\u1ea1 \u0111\u1eddi Quan \u0111i theo gi\u1eb7c b\u1eaft ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0nh ngay Ngh\u00ecn n\u0103m nh\u1edb m\u00e3i nh\u1ee5c n\u00e0y Theo T\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea3, \u0111\u00e1nh T\u00e2y b\u1ecb t\u00f9! V\u1ec1 c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a anh h\u00f9ng Thi\u00ean H\u1ed9 D\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u cho r\u1eb1ng, nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 d\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a vua T\u1ef1 \u0110\u1ee9c, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 giao quy\u1ec1n cho ph\u00f3 t\u01b0\u1edbng \u0110\u1ed1c Binh Ki\u1ec1u (Nguy\u1ec5n T\u1ea5n Ki\u1ec1u), b\u00ed m\u1eadt ra H\u00f2n Ch\u00f4ng b\u1eaft li\u00ean l\u1ea1c v\u1edbi ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n Nguy\u1ec5n Trung Tr\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ecba b\u00e0n kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn. L\u1ea1i c\u00f3 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u cho r\u1eb1ng, chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u00f4ng ra kinh \u0111\u00f4, \u0111\u1eb7ng m\u1eadt b\u00e1o v\u1edbi vua T\u1ef1 \u0110\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u l\u00e2u d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n qu\u00e2n Nam k\u1ef3, nh\u01b0ng khi thuy\u1ec1n m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ebfn C\u1ea7n Gi\u1edd b\u1ecb c\u01b0\u1edbp bi\u1ec3n gi\u1ebft ch\u1ebft. Di t\u00edch G\u00f2 Th\u00e1p (\u0110\u1ed3ng Th\u00e1p M\u01b0\u1eddi) n\u01a1i th\u1edd V\u00f5 Duy D\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ed1c Binh Ki\u1ec1u (2004) 140","T\u1eacP 5: DANH NH\u00c2N QU\u00c2N S\u1ef0 VI\u1ec6T NAM L\u1ea1i c\u00f3 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u cho r\u1eb1ng \u00f4ng ch\u1ebft v\u00ec b\u1ea1o b\u1ec7nh \u1edf chi\u1ebfn khu \u0110\u1ed3ng Th\u00e1p M\u01b0\u1eddi. C\u00e1i ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean H\u1ed9 D\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ebfn nay v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi th\u1ecfa \u0111\u00e1ng, ch\u1ec9 bi\u1ebft \u00f4ng m\u1ea5t v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 10\/1866. Cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn b\u1ec1n b\u1ec9 do Thi\u00ean H\u1ed9 D\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u1ec9 huy, d\u00f9 ch\u1ec9 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i trong v\u00f2ng 7 n\u0103m (1859 - 1866), nh\u01b0ng \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn v\u00e0 b\u00e0n l\u0129nh c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 c\u1ea7m qu\u00e2n c\u00f3 t\u00e0i: li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi c\u00e1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 li\u00ean minh v\u1edbi d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Khmer \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng k\u1ebb th\u00f9 chung; ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c d\u00e2n v\u1eadn; c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1eadn (trong s\u1ed1 ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n c\u00f2n c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u l\u00ednh L\u00ea D\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u00ednh Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e0o ng\u0169 Linguet); ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ecba h\u00ecnh hi\u1ec3m tr\u1edf \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1eadp c\u0103n c\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ecba, tr\u00fa qu\u00e2n... Sau khi \u00f4ng m\u1ea5t, nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi anh h\u00f9ng qua c\u00e2u \u0111\u1ed1i (B\u1ea3o \u0110\u1ecbnh Giang d\u1ecbch): U\u1ed1ng h\u1eadn anh h\u00f9ng, ti\u1ebfng n\u1ed5i B\u1eafc - Nam, Th\u00e1p M\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f3i h\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ecfa m\u00e3i; B\u1ec1n gan tu\u1ea5n ki\u1ec7t, danh truy\u1ec1n kim c\u1ed5, Ng\u0169 Linh phong \u0111\u1ed9 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n \u0111\u00e2y. Ng\u00e0y nay, t\u1ea1i Di t\u00edch v\u0103n h\u00f3a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed qu\u1ed1c gia G\u00f2 Th\u00e1p \u1edf x\u00e3 M\u1ef9 Tr\u00e0, huy\u1ec7n Th\u00e1p M\u01b0\u1eddi (\u0110\u1ed3ng Th\u00e1p), h\u1eb1ng n\u0103m v\u1eabn t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c l\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i t\u01b0\u1edfng ni\u1ec7m Thi\u00ean H\u1ed9 D\u01b0\u01a1ng, ph\u00f3 t\u01b0\u1edbng \u0110\u1ed1c Binh Ki\u1ec1u v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebft v\u00ec N\u01b0\u1edbc. L\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i n\u00e0y di\u1ec5n ra t\u1eeb chi\u1ec1u ng\u00e0y 14\/11 \u0111\u1ebfn r\u1ea1ng s\u00e1ng ng\u00e0y 16\/11 l\u00e0 d\u1ecbp \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00f4n l\u1ea1i truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u1eb7c c\u1ee9u n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a ti\u1ec1n nh\u00e2n. Hi\u1ec7n nay, tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ed5ng \u0111\u1ec1n th\u1edd v\u1eabn r\u1ef1c r\u1ee1 c\u00e2u \u0111\u1ed1i li\u1ec5n: G\u00f2 Th\u00e1p \u0111\u1ecba linh, n\u1ed1i ch\u00ed anh h\u00f9ng g\u00ecn T\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c; Th\u00e1p M\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u00e2n ki\u1ec7t, gi\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1edd \u0111\u1ea1i ngh\u0129a gi\u1eef Qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng. Trong \u0111\u1ec1n c\u0169ng c\u00f3 c\u00e2u \u0111\u1ed1i: S\u1eed xanh s\u00e1ng ch\u00f3i danh Thi\u00ean H\u1ed9, Bia mi\u1ec7ng l\u01b0u truy\u1ec1n ti\u1ebfng \u0110\u1ed1c Binh. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ebft, h\u1ecd s\u1ed1ng m\u00e3i trong s\u1ef1 ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng m\u1ed9 v\u00e0 bi\u1ebft \u01a1n c\u1ee7a h\u1eadu th\u1ebf. 141","B\u1ed8 S\u00c1CH K\u1ec2 CHUY\u1ec6N DANH NH\u00c2N VI\u1ec6T NAM Nguy\u1ec5n Trung Tr\u1ef1c H\u1ecfa h\u1ed3ng Nh\u1eadt T\u1ea3o oanh thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ecba, ki\u1ebfm b\u1ea1t Ki\u00ean Giang kh\u1ea5p qu\u1ef7 th\u1ea7n. \u201cNgo\u00e0i c\u1eadt c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t manh \u00e1o v\u1ea3i, n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ee3i mang bao t\u1ea5u b\u1ea7u ng\u00f2i; trong tay c\u1ea7m m\u1ed9t ng\u1ecdn t\u1ea7m v\u00f4ng, chi n\u00e0i s\u1eafm dao tu, n\u00f3n g\u00f5. H\u1ecfa mai \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1eb1ng r\u01a1m con c\u00fai, c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ed1t xong nh\u00e0 d\u1ea1y \u0111\u1ea1o kia; g\u01b0\u01a1m \u0111eo d\u00f9ng b\u1eb1ng l\u01b0\u1ee1i dao phay, c\u0169ng ch\u00e9m r\u1edbt \u0111\u1ea7u quan hai n\u1ecd. Chi nh\u1ecdc quan qu\u1ea3n gi\u00f3ng tr\u1ed1ng k\u1ef3, tr\u1ed1ng gi\u1ee5c, \u0111\u1ea1p r\u00e0o l\u01b0\u1edbt t\u1edbi, coi gi\u1eb7c c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng; n\u00e0o s\u1ee3 th\u1eb1ng T\u00e2y b\u1eafn \u0111\u1ea1n nh\u1ecf, \u0111\u1ea1n to, x\u00f4 c\u1eeda x\u00f4ng Nguy\u1ec5n Trung Tr\u1ef1c (1835-1868) v\u00e0o, li\u1ec1u m\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3. K\u1ebb \u0111\u00e2m ngang, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00e9m ng\u01b0\u1ee3c, l\u00e0m cho m\u00e3 t\u00e0 ma n\u00ed h\u1ed3n kinh; b\u1ecdn h\u00e8 tr\u01b0\u1edbc, l\u0169 \u00f3 sau, tr\u1ed1i k\u1ec7 t\u00e0u thi\u1ebfc, t\u00e0u \u0111\u1ed3ng s\u00fang n\u1ed5\u201d. H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh v\u00e0 kh\u00ed ph\u00e1ch ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u1ed1ng Ph\u00e1p t\u1ea1i mi\u1ec1n Nam hi\u1ec7n l\u00ean r\u1ea5t r\u00f5 trong V\u0103n t\u1ebf ngh\u0129a s\u0129 C\u1ea7n Giu\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a c\u1ee5 \u0110\u1ed3 Chi\u1ec3u. 142","T\u1eacP 5: DANH NH\u00c2N QU\u00c2N S\u1ef0 VI\u1ec6T NAM Ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n ch\u00e2n l\u1ea5m tay b\u00f9n, ch\u01b0a t\u1eadp luy\u1ec7n vi\u1ec7c binh, ch\u01b0a quen tr\u1eadn m\u1ea1c, nh\u01b0ng khi gi\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ebfn, h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u00f2ng t\u1ef1 gi\u00e1c \u0111\u1ee9ng l\u00ean chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u d\u0169ng c\u1ea3m. N\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trang b\u1ecb \u201cbao t\u1ea5u\u201d (bao \u0111\u1ef1ng m\u00e3 t\u1ea5u), \u201cb\u1ea7u ng\u00f2i\u201d (b\u1ea7u ch\u1ee9a ng\u00f2i s\u00fang h\u1ecfa mai) v\u00e0 c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng c\u1ea7n \u201ctr\u1ed1ng k\u1ef3\u201d (tr\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1eebng \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u1eddi gian), \u201ctr\u1ed1ng gi\u1ee5c\u201d (ti\u1ebfng tr\u1ed1ng th\u00fac ti\u1ebfn qu\u00e2n)... h\u1ecd v\u1eabn h\u0103ng h\u00e1i chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u b\u1eb1ng l\u00f2ng y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 c\u0103m th\u00f9 gi\u1eb7c \u201cli\u1ec1u m\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3\u201d. Qua \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u0103n t\u1ebf n\u00e0y, ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a anh h\u00f9ng Nguy\u1ec5n Trung Tr\u1ef1c trong h\u00e0ng ng\u0169 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n v\u00f4 danh. \u00d4ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 v\u1ecb t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh, t\u1eebng h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1ed5ng l\u1ed9c m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng b\u1eb1ng ngh\u1ec1 l\u00e0m ru\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 ch\u00e0i l\u01b0\u1edbi. S\u1eed nh\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecf s\u00f3t ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ec9 l\u01b0\u1edbt qua ti\u1ec3u s\u1eed c\u1ee7a kh\u00f4ng \u00edt anh h\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00e1ng Ph\u00e1p, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 sau Hi\u1ec7p \u01b0\u1edbc 1862, b\u1edfi h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ec7nh b\u00e3i binh c\u1ee7a tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh khi ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c d\u1ea5y binh \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u1eb7c. D\u00f9 v\u1eady, n\u1ebfu ch\u00ednh s\u1eed \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng ghi l\u1ea1i t\u1ec9 m\u1ec9, c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 th\u00ec c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1eadu th\u1ebf t\u00ecm t\u00f2i ghi l\u1ea1i. V\u1ec1 n\u0103m sinh v\u00e0 nguy\u00ean qu\u00e1n c\u1ee7a \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00e0i l\u01b0\u1edbi\u201d Nguy\u1ec5n Trung Tr\u1ef1c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m r\u00f5 trong H\u1ed9i th\u1ea3o khoa h\u1ecdc \u201cNguy\u1ec5n Trung Tr\u1ef1c, th\u00e2n th\u1ebf v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p\u201d do \u1ee6y ban nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n t\u1ec9nh Ki\u00ean Giang t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u1eeb ng\u00e0y 7 \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y 8\/10\/1988, nh\u00e2n 120 n\u0103m ng\u00e0y \u00f4ng hy sinh. H\u1ed9i th\u1ea3o n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh: D\u00f2ng h\u1ecd Nguy\u1ec5n Trung Tr\u1ef1c \u0111\u1eddi th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t \u1edf X\u00f3m L\u01b0\u1edbi, x\u00e3 V\u0129nh H\u1ed9i, huy\u1ec7n Ph\u00f9 C\u00e1t (B\u00ecnh \u0110\u1ecbnh), \u0111\u1eddi th\u1ee9 hai v\u00e0o l\u1eadp nghi\u1ec7p \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Nam. Nguy\u1ec5n Trung Tr\u1ef1c sinh kho\u1ea3ng n\u0103m 1835 \u0111\u1ebfn 1838 t\u1ea1i B\u00ecnh Nh\u1ef1t, huy\u1ec7n C\u1eedu An, ph\u1ee7 T\u00e2n An (nay thu\u1ed9c x\u00e3 B\u00ecnh \u0110\u1ee9c, huy\u1ec7n B\u1ebfn L\u1ee9c, t\u1ec9nh Long An) trong m\u1ed9t gia \u0111\u00ecnh n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n ngh\u00e8o. V\u1ec1 t\u00ean g\u1ecdi, l\u00fac \u00f4ng m\u1edbi sinh, gia \u0111\u00ecnh g\u1ecdi Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n L\u1ecbch ho\u1eb7c Ch\u01a1n; khi \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u1eb7c, \u00f4ng m\u1edbi l\u1ea5y t\u00ean Nguy\u1ec5n Trung Tr\u1ef1c v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh phong cho ch\u1ee9c quy\u1ec1n Qu\u1ea3n binh n\u00ean c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi Qu\u1ea3n L\u1ecbch. Nguy\u1ec5n Trung Tr\u1ef1c \u0111\u00e3 tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n bi th\u1ea3m nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ea7y kh\u00ed ph\u00e1ch h\u00e0o h\u00f9ng: Ng\u00e0y 25\/2\/1861 \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed3n Ch\u00ed H\u00f2a th\u1ea5t th\u1ee7, Nguy\u1ec5n Tri Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00fang \u0111\u1ea1n tr\u1ecdng th\u01b0\u01a1ng, qu\u00e2n tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh r\u00fat v\u1ec1 Bi\u00ean H\u00f2a; cu\u1ed1i th\u00e1ng 143","B\u1ed8 S\u00c1CH K\u1ec2 CHUY\u1ec6N DANH NH\u00c2N VI\u1ec6T NAM 3\/1861, Ph\u00e1p t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ecbnh T\u01b0\u1eddng, Tr\u1ea7n Xu\u00e2n H\u00f2a b\u1ecb gi\u1eb7c b\u1eaft \u0111\u00e3 c\u1eafn l\u01b0\u1ee1i t\u1ef1 v\u1eabn, qu\u00e2n tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh r\u00fat v\u1ec1 V\u0129nh Long... Sau khi th\u1eafng th\u1ebf v\u1ec1 qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u0103n h\u00f3a: ng\u00e0y 21\/9\/1861 Ph\u00f3 th\u1ee7y s\u01b0 \u0110\u00f4 d\u1ed1c Charner k\u00fd ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1edf tr\u01b0\u1eddng Trung h\u1ecdc Ph\u00e1p - Vi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u1edf Nam k\u1ef3 mang tr\u00ean Tr\u01b0\u1eddng B\u00e1 \u0110a L\u1ed9c nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p; t\u1edd Le Bulletin Officiel de l\u2019Exp\u00e9dition de la Cochinchine\u201d (C\u00f4ng b\u00e1o c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c vi\u1ec5n chinh x\u1ee9 Nam k\u1ef3) d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp c\u1ee7a Th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1c Nam k\u1ef3... Nh\u1eb1m ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p, nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Nam k\u1ef3 d\u1ea5y l\u00ean phong tr\u00e0o t\u00ecnh nguy\u1ec7n \u1ee9ng ngh\u0129a, g\u00f3p g\u1ea1o nu\u00f4i qu\u00e2n: Th\u00e1ng 9\/1861, Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ecbnh chi\u00eau m\u1ed9 ngh\u0129a binh ch\u1ed1ng Ph\u00e1p \u1edf Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh; th\u00e1ng 10\/1861, Phan V\u0103n \u0110\u1ea1t, L\u00ea Cao D\u0169ng sa v\u00e0o tay gi\u1eb7c b\u1ecb \u00e1n ch\u00e9m; ng\u00e0y 9\/12\/1861 Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e1nh chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u1ea3o C\u00f4n L\u00f4n v\u00e0 qua n\u0103m sau ch\u00fang ra Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp nh\u00e0 t\u00f9 C\u00f4n \u0110\u1ea3o... L\u01b0\u1edbt qua bi\u00ean ni\u00ean n\u00e0y, ta th\u1ea5y c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn g\u00ecn gi\u1eef t\u1eebng t\u1ea5c \u0111\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a T\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c cam go bi\u1ebft ch\u1eebng n\u00e0o. V\u1eadn m\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c nh\u01b0 ng\u00e0n c\u00e2n treo s\u1ee3i t\u00f3c. L\u00f2ng d\u00e2n thu\u1edf \u1ea5y ra sao? H\u1ecd c\u0103m th\u00f9 gi\u1eb7c, quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m ch\u1ed1ng gi\u1eb7c nh\u01b0 trong b\u00e0i v\u0103n t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a C\u1ee5 \u0110\u1ed3 Chi\u1ec3u \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh: T\u1ea5c \u0111\u1ea5t ng\u1ecdn rau \u01a1n Ch\u00faa, t\u00e0i b\u1ed3i cho n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u00e0 ta; b\u00e1t c\u01a1m manh \u00e1o \u1edf \u0111\u1eddi, m\u1eafc m\u1edb chi \u00f4ng cha n\u00f3. V\u00ec ai khi\u1ebfn quan qu\u00e2n kh\u00f3 nh\u1ecdc, \u0103n tuy\u1ebft n\u1eb1m s\u01b0\u01a1ng; v\u00ec ai xui \u0111\u1ed3n l\u0169y tan t\u00e0nh, xi\u00eau m\u01b0a ng\u00e3 gi\u00f3. S\u1ed1ng l\u00e0m chi theo qu\u00e2n t\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea1o, qu\u0103ng v\u00f9a h\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u00f4 b\u00e0n \u0111\u1ed9c, th\u1ea5y l\u1ea1i th\u00eam bu\u1ed3n; s\u1ed1ng l\u00e0m chi \u1edf l\u00ednh m\u00e3 t\u00e0, chia r\u01b0\u1ee3u l\u1ea1t, g\u1eb7m b\u00e1nh m\u00ec, nghe c\u00e0ng th\u00eam h\u1ed5. Th\u00e0 th\u00e1c m\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7ng c\u00e2u \u0111\u1ecbch kh\u00e1i, v\u1ec1 theo t\u1ed5 ph\u1ee5 c\u0169ng vinh; h\u01a1n c\u00f2n m\u00e0 ch\u1ecbu ch\u1eef \u0111\u1ea7u T\u00e2y, \u1edf v\u1edbi man di r\u1ea5t kh\u1ed5. Trong nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y \u0111en t\u1ed1i n\u00e0y, Nguy\u1ec5n Trung Tr\u1ef1c \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m n\u00ean hai chi\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng r\u1ef1c r\u1ee1 nh\u1ea5t, ch\u00f3i l\u1ecdi nh\u1ea5t trong trang s\u1eed ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e1nh Ph\u00e1p t\u1ea1i Nam k\u1ef3. 144","T\u1eacP 5: DANH NH\u00c2N QU\u00c2N S\u1ef0 VI\u1ec6T NAM Chi\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng n\u00e0y ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qua hai c\u00e2u th\u01a1 h\u00e0o s\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n s\u0129 Hu\u1ef3nh M\u1eabn \u0110\u1ea1t (1807 - 1883): H\u1ecfa h\u1ed3ng Nh\u1eadt T\u1ea3o oanh thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ecba, Ki\u1ebfm b\u1ea1t Ki\u00ean Giang kh\u1ea5p qu\u1ef7 th\u1ea7n. Th\u00e1i B\u1ea1ch d\u1ecbch: L\u1eeda b\u1eebng Nh\u1eadt T\u1ea3o r\u00e2m tr\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea5t, Ki\u1ebfm tu\u1ed1t Ki\u00ean Giang r\u1ee3n qu\u1ef7 th\u1ea7n. L\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd, chi\u1ebfc t\u00e0u v\u0169 trang \u201cEsp\u00e9rance\u201d (Hy V\u1ecdng) do trung \u00fay h\u1ea3i qu\u00e2n Parfait ch\u1ec9 huy \u0111ang neo t\u1ea1i l\u00e0ng Nh\u1eadt T\u1ea3o (Long An), nh\u1eb1m kh\u1ed1ng ch\u1ebf c\u00e1c h\u01b0\u1edbng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n. Gi\u1eb7c Ph\u00e1p t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u201cc\u0103n c\u1ee9 n\u1ed5i\u201d l\u1ee3i h\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u m\u1eb7t: m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1o \u0111\u00e0i di \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed1 ph\u00f2ng c\u1ea9n m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 y\u1ec3m tr\u1ee3; m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n binh l\u00ednh, qu\u00e2n nhu; l\u1ea1i c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb \u201cd\u01b0\u1ee1ng qu\u00e2n\u201d n\u1eefa. Do n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n vai tr\u00f2 \u201cchi\u1ebfm \u0111\u00f3ng\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cb\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ecbnh\u201d nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00ean l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec1 ra m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1nh ph\u00e1 chi\u1ebfn thuy\u1ec1n Esp\u00e9rance b\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi gi\u00e1. Nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y \u201ccon qu\u00e1i v\u1eadt b\u1eb1ng s\u1eaft\u201d \u1ea5y, l\u00f2ng d\u00e2n t\u1eebng ng\u00e0y c\u0103m h\u1eddn \u201cB\u1eefa th\u1ea5y b\u00f2ng bong che tr\u1eafng l\u1ed1p, mu\u1ed1n t\u1edbi \u0103n gan; ng\u00e0y xem \u1ed1ng kh\u00f3i ch\u1ea1y \u0111en s\u00ec, mu\u1ed1n ra c\u1eafn c\u1ed5\u201d. Nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t n\u00f3? \u0110\u1ecba h\u00ecnh tr\u00ean s\u00f4ng Nh\u1eadt T\u1ea3o tho\u00e1ng \u0111\u00e3ng, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u1ecf c\u00e2y lau s\u1eady che khu\u1ea5t n\u00ean gi\u1eb7c d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, d\u1eabu t\u1eeb xa. N\u1ebfu li\u1ec1u l\u0129nh d\u00f9ng thuy\u1ec1n ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau, ch\u00fang s\u1ebd nh\u1ed5 neo ch\u1ea1y ra xa, r\u1ed3i d\u00f9ng h\u1ecfa l\u1ef1c b\u1eafn tr\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i, nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf ta s\u1ebd g\u00e1nh l\u1ea5y th\u01b0\u01a1ng vong. V\u1eady ph\u1ea3i d\u00f9ng m\u01b0u. Sau khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c b\u00f4 l\u00e3o trong l\u00e0ng hi\u1ebfn k\u1ebf, quy\u1ec1n Qu\u1ea3n binh Nguy\u1ec5n Trung Tr\u1ef1c nhanh ch\u00f3ng tri\u1ec3n khai k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch. \u00d4ng giao cho ph\u00f3 qu\u1ea3n binh Hu\u1ef3nh Kh\u1eafc Nh\u01b0\u1ee3ng, V\u00f5 V\u0103n Quang, qu\u1ea3n to\u00e1n Nguy\u1ec5n H\u1ecdc, l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ea7n H\u1ed3 Quang Chi\u00eau chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u00e0n qu\u00e2n c\u1ea3m t\u1eed, v\u00f5 ngh\u1ec7 tinh nhu\u1ec7, b\u01a1i l\u1ed9i gi\u1ecfi, trang b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 m\u00e3 t\u1ea5u, g\u01b0\u01a1m \u0111ao v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfn thuy\u1ec1n ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ea7y ch\u1ea5t ph\u00f3ng h\u1ecfa \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng nh\u1eadn nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5. S\u00e1ng ng\u00e0y 10\/12\/1861, t\u1eeb t\u00e0u Esp\u00e9rance, gi\u1eb7c Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n 145","B\u1ed8 S\u00c1CH K\u1ec2 CHUY\u1ec6N DANH NH\u00c2N VI\u1ec6T NAM tr\u00ean d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111o\u00e0n ghe c\u01b0\u1edbi. Tr\u00ean chi\u1ebfc ghe \u0111i \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng m\u1eb7c \u00e1o r\u1ed9ng, \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1ecbt kh\u0103n \u0111en, \u0111\u1ee9ng b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef xinh \u0111\u1eb9p, m\u1eb7c \u00e1o d\u00e0i, \u0111\u1ed9i n\u00f3n. Ai n\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ec1u ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean khi th\u1ea5y ch\u00fa r\u1ec3 kh\u0103n \u0111\u00f3ng \u00e1o d\u00e0i ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n Trung Tr\u1ef1c. \u0110o\u00e0n ghe l\u01b0\u1edbt s\u00f3ng \u0111i v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda chi\u1ebfn t\u00e0u Esp\u00e9rance. Ti\u1ebfng tr\u1ed1ng, ti\u1ebfng h\u00e1t c\u1ee7a g\u1ea7n tr\u0103m con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m n\u00e1o \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t kh\u00fac s\u00f4ng. Gi\u1eb7c Ph\u00e1p th\u00edch th\u00fa quan s\u00e1t l\u1ec5 r\u01b0\u1edbc d\u00e2u trong \u0111\u00e1m c\u01b0\u1edbi c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n b\u1ea3n x\u1ee9 m\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00fang ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng th\u1ea5y. Ch\u1eb3ng m\u1ea5y ch\u1ed1c, \u0111o\u00e0n ghe c\u01b0\u1edbi c\u1eadp s\u00e1t be t\u00e0u c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang v\u00e0 d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i. M\u1ed9t v\u1ecb b\u00f4 l\u00e3o tr\u1ecbnh tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ee9ng d\u01b0\u1edbi ghe n\u00f3i v\u1ecdng \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3. D\u00f9 v\u1eady, ch\u00fang c\u0169ng hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 h\u1ecd nghi\u00eam tr\u00ecnh vi\u1ec7c c\u01b0\u1edbi v\u00e0 ra d\u1ea5u mu\u1ed1n d\u00e2ng cho ch\u00fang m\u1ed9t \u00edt l\u1ec5 m\u1ecdn. Th\u1ea5y th\u1ebf, b\u1ecdn l\u00ednh Ph\u00e1p th\u00f2ng thang d\u00e2y xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e1m c\u01b0\u1edbi leo l\u00ean thuy\u1ec1n. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean ch\u00fa r\u1ec3 Nguy\u1ec5n Trung Tr\u1ef1c v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecf qua c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i n\u00e0y. L\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e0u Esp\u00e9rance, sau nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi x\u00e3 giao, ch\u00fa r\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3 v\u1edd kh\u00fam n\u00fam tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7t b\u1ecdn l\u00ednh Ph\u00e1p. B\u1ed7ng t\u00ean ch\u1ec9 huy ph\u00f3 k\u00eau r\u00fa l\u00ean, y lo\u1ea1ng cho\u1ea1ng ng\u00e3 xu\u1ed1ng bong t\u00e0u. M\u00e1u tu\u00f4n x\u1ed1i x\u1ea3. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00fac l\u01b0\u1ee1i dao b\u00e9n gi\u1ea5u trong tay \u00e1o th\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fa r\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e2m th\u1eb3ng v\u00e0o ng\u1ef1c y! L\u1eadp t\u1ee9c m\u1ed9t tr\u1eadn \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1p l\u00e1 c\u00e0 do c\u00e1c c\u1ea3m t\u1eed qu\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00e0nh th\u1ebf ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc. C\u00e1c ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n t\u1eeb d\u01b0\u1edbi ghe c\u0169ng nhanh ch\u00f3ng leo l\u00ean t\u00e0u h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng b\u00faa s\u1eaft ph\u00e1 t\u00e0u, k\u1ebb \u0111\u00e2m ngang ch\u00e9m d\u1ecdc. B\u1ecb \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd, b\u1ecdn gi\u1eb7c Ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf tay k\u1ecbp, b\u1ecf m\u1ea1ng kh\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u. Trong l\u00fac n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c ghe thuy\u1ec1n ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ea7y r\u01a1m, thu\u1ed1c n\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 \u00e1p s\u00e1t \u201ccon qu\u00e1i v\u1eadt kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3\u201d. Khi c\u00e1c ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n nh\u1ea3y xu\u1ed1ng s\u00f4ng t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch tho\u00e1t th\u00e2n th\u00ec c\u00e1c thuy\u1ec1n ghe n\u00e0y c\u0169ng ph\u00f3ng h\u1ecfa. C\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t kh\u1ed1i l\u1eeda kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 b\u1ee7a v\u00e2y t\u00e0u chi\u1ebfn Esp\u00e9rance v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y n\u00f3 trong nh\u00e1y m\u1eaft. L\u1eeda s\u00e1ng r\u1ef1c tr\u00ean d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng Nh\u1eadt T\u1ea3o. Chi\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3n h\u00e1ch n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m r\u00fang \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00e0ng ng\u0169 qu\u00e2n vi\u1ec5n chinh. Ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ng\u1edd tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed9t tr\u1eadn \u0111\u00e1nh qu\u1ea3 c\u1ea3m, \u0111\u1ea7y m\u01b0u tr\u00ed l\u1ea1i di\u1ec5n ra nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. Ri\u00eang t\u00ean trung \u00fay ch\u1ec9 huy Parfait tho\u00e1t ch\u1ebft, v\u00ec y \u0111i c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c. \u0110\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3 th\u00f9, y ra l\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y c\u1ea3 th\u00f4n Nh\u1eadt T\u1ea3o. V\u1ec1 146","T\u1eacP 5: DANH NH\u00c2N QU\u00c2N S\u1ef0 VI\u1ec6T NAM ph\u00eda ta, vua T\u1ef1 \u0110\u1ee9c r\u1ea5t h\u1ea3 h\u00ea tr\u01b0\u1edbc chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng n\u00e0y, \u0111\u00e3 th\u01b0\u1edfng ti\u1ec1n cho ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n r\u1ea5t h\u1eadu, 4 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb ch\u1ebft tr\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5p ti\u1ec1n tu\u1ea5t g\u1ea5p hai, ch\u1ea9n c\u1ea5p cho nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 b\u1ecb gi\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y... C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i, tr\u1eadn Nh\u1eadt T\u1ea3o \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u cho m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t tr\u1eadn \u0111\u00e1nh c\u00e1c t\u00e0u tu\u1ea7n ti\u1ec5u kh\u00e1c tr\u00ean tr\u00ean v\u00e0m s\u00f4ng \u1edf Nam k\u1ef3. Sau khi tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh k\u00fd H\u00f2a \u01b0\u1edbc n\u0103m 1862, Nguy\u1ec5n Trung Tr\u1ef1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ec7nh ra Hu\u1ebf nh\u1eadn ch\u1ee9c Qu\u1ea3n c\u01a1. M\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u H\u00f2a \u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 k\u00fd, nh\u01b0ng \u00f4ng v\u1eabn ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c nhi\u1ec1u tr\u1eadn \u0111\u00e1nh vang d\u1ed9i kh\u00e1c \u1edf T\u00e2n An, G\u00f2 C\u00f4ng, C\u1ea7n Giu\u1ed9c... Nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c d\u1ea5y binh lan r\u1ed9ng kh\u1eafp Nam k\u1ef3 \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn gi\u1eb7c Ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng, ch\u00fang bu\u1ed9c tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh nh\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n c\u00f3 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ee9t kho\u00e1t, ph\u1ea3i nghi\u00eam ch\u1ec9nh ch\u1ea5p h\u00e0nh H\u00f2a \u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 k\u00fd. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec th\u1ebf, vua T\u1ef1 \u0110\u1ee9c h\u1ea1 l\u1ec7nh b\u00e3i binh. V\u1eady nh\u1eefng th\u1ee7 l\u0129nh \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1nh ngo\u1ea1i x\u00e2m th\u00ec tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh x\u1eed s\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o cho h\u1ee3p l\u00fd? Ta bi\u1ebft, Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c phong l\u00e0m L\u00e3nh binh An Giang ho\u1eb7c Nguy\u1ec5n Trung Tr\u1ef1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1i v\u1ec1 H\u00e0 Ti\u00ean gi\u1eef ch\u1ee9c Th\u00e0nh th\u00e1i \u00fay, t\u1ee9c quan gi\u1eef th\u00e0nh v.v... l\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ngo\u00e0i m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecd th\u00f4i ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ecbch t\u1ea1m chi\u1ebfm. Nh\u01b0ng khi Nguy\u1ec5n Trung Tr\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eadn ch\u1ee9c n\u00e0y th\u00ec H\u00e0 Ti\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh n\u1eefa. S\u1ed1 l\u00e0 ng\u00e0y 20\/6\/1867, gi\u1eb7c Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e1nh chi\u1ebfm th\u00e0nh V\u0129nh Long, hai ng\u00e0y sau, ch\u00fang \u0111\u00e1nh chi\u1ebfm Ch\u00e2u \u0110\u1ed1c, t\u1ec9nh th\u00e0nh t\u1ec9nh An Giang v\u00e0 b\u1ed1n ng\u00e0y sau ch\u00fang \u0111\u00e1nh chi\u1ebfm lu\u00f4n t\u1ec9nh th\u00e0nh H\u00e0 Ti\u00ean m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed1n m\u1ed9t vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1n, kh\u00f4ng g\u1eb7p s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1ng c\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 n\u00e0o. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 6 t\u1ec9nh Nam k\u1ef3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p. R\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh Hu\u1ebf l\u00fac b\u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y d\u00e3 t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a k\u1ebb ngo\u1ea1i x\u00e2m mu\u1ed1n nu\u1ed1t g\u1ecdn n\u01b0\u1edbc ta b\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi gi\u00e1. B\u1edfi trong th\u00e2m t\u00e2m, vua t\u00f4i nh\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n v\u1eabn \u1ea3o t\u01b0\u1edfng s\u1ebd gi\u00e0nh l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t b\u1eb1ng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ngo\u1ea1i giao, th\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, b\u1ed3i th\u01b0\u1eddng chi\u1ebfn ph\u00ed\u2026. Do \u1ea3o t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00ean nh\u00e0 vua m\u1edbi xu\u1ed1ng l\u1ec7nh b\u00e3i binh v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 \u01b0\u01a1n h\u00e8n n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap cho gi\u1eb7c Ph\u00e1p th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u00e2m m\u01b0u nhanh ch\u00f3ng h\u01a1n. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf o\u00e1i o\u0103m n\u00e0y, Nguy\u1ec5n Trung Tr\u1ef1c cho r\u00fat qu\u00e2n v\u1ec1 H\u00f2n Ch\u00f4ng, c\u00e1ch H\u00e0 Ti\u00ean ch\u1eebng 15km, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u0103n c\u1ee9 kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn 147","B\u1ed8 S\u00c1CH K\u1ec2 CHUY\u1ec6N DANH NH\u00c2N VI\u1ec6T NAM \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ee3i th\u1eddi c\u01a1. T\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 m\u1eadt thi\u1ebft v\u1edbi c\u00e1c l\u00e3nh t\u1ee5 ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Hoa, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Khmer c\u00f9ng tham gia \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u1eb7c c\u1ee9u n\u01b0\u1edbc. \u0110\u1ecba b\u00e0n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng do \u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 huy ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb C\u00e0 Mau \u0111\u1ebfn H\u00e0 Ti\u00ean, Ph\u00fa Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 l\u1ea5n sang v\u00f9ng N\u00fai S\u1eadp (An Giang)... Khi l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e3 v\u1eefng m\u1ea1nh, Nguy\u1ec5n Trung Tr\u1ef1c quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m \u0111\u00e1nh chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u1ed3n Ki\u00ean Giang do t\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i \u00fay Sauterne ch\u1ec9 huy. V\u1ec1 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1, \u00f4ng nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh R\u1ea1ch Gi\u00e1 thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba h\u00ecnh r\u1eebng r\u1eadm, bi\u1ec3n bao b\u1ecdc n\u1ebfu b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e1nh, gi\u1eb7c s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ea1y tho\u00e1t v\u00e0 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u1ebfp vi\u1ec7n. N\u1ebfu ch\u00fang li\u1ec1u l\u0129nh ti\u1ebfp vi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng kinh \u0111\u00e0o t\u1eeb n\u00fai S\u1eadp th\u00ec hai b\u00ean l\u1ea1i r\u1eadm r\u1ea1p, thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i cho vi\u1ec7c b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ee5c k\u00edch. V\u1edbi suy ngh\u0129 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u1eadp n\u00ean chi\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng \u201cKi\u1ebfm tu\u1ed1t Ki\u00ean Giang r\u1ee3n qu\u1ef7 th\u1ea7n\u201d, hi\u1ec3n h\u00e1ch kh\u00f4ng k\u00e9m g\u00ec tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed1t t\u00e0u Esp\u00e9rance \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec5n ra. Sau n\u00e0y, ban Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u L\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0110\u1ea3ng Ki\u00ean Giang \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1: \u201c\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t \u1edf Nam b\u1ed9 ngay sau Nam k\u1ef3 l\u1ee5c t\u1ec9nh b\u1ecb gi\u1eb7c chi\u1ebfm cho t\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a Nam k\u1ef3 1940, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 ti\u1ebfng vang r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn l\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd v\u00e0 m\u00e3i v\u1ec1 sau n\u00e0y\u201d. Theo truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft d\u00e2n gian, khi c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u1edbng l\u0129nh mu\u1ed1n t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng s\u1edbm h\u01a1n, nh\u01b0ng Nguy\u1ec5n Trung Tr\u1ef1c v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd, v\u00ec th\u1ebf c\u00f4 Ba \u0110\u1ecf v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c n\u00f3i kh\u00edch l\u00e0 \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3... tr\u1ee9ng d\u00e1i! C\u00e1ch n\u00f3i n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ta th\u1ea5y bu\u1ed3n c\u01b0\u1eddi, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u1eddi \u0103n ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i b\u00ecnh d\u1ecb c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n gian, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng th\u00f4 t\u1ee5c. \u00dd h\u1ecd n\u00f3i \u00f4ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0, nh\u00fat nh\u00e1t. Nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng, chi ti\u1ebft n\u00e0y cho ta th\u1ea5y \u00f4ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ea7m t\u0129nh, quy\u1ebft \u0111o\u00e1n v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng phi\u00eau l\u01b0u trong d\u1ee5ng binh. V\u00ec l\u00fac \u1ea5y, \u00f4ng th\u1ea5y th\u1eddi c\u01a1 v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c luy\u1ec7n t\u1eadp ch\u01b0a chu \u0111\u00e1o n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 kh\u1edfi s\u1ef1 s\u1edbm h\u01a1n. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa \u201cbi\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft ta tr\u0103m tr\u1eadn tr\u0103m th\u1eafng\u201d l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 khinh su\u1ea5t. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch b\u00e0y binh b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a gi\u1eb7c trong \u0111\u1ed3n S\u0103n \u0110\u00e1. V\u00e0o m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u n\u1ecd, nh\u1ea1t n\u1eafng, nh\u1eefng t\u00ean l\u00ednh vi\u1ec5n chinh ch\u1ee3t s\u1eedng s\u1ed1t khi th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi thi\u1ebfu n\u1eef Vi\u1ec7t lai Khmer r\u1ea5t duy\u00ean d\u00e1ng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed3n. N\u00e0ng t\u00ean Thi Ba Do, nh\u01b0ng m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1ecdi c\u00f4 Ba \u0110\u1ecf. N\u00e0ng b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng rong v\u00e0 c\u00f3 gi\u1ecdng rao r\u1ea5t ng\u1ecdt ng\u00e0o, truy\u1ec1n c\u1ea3m. D\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u l\u1eafm, nh\u01b0ng \u00e2m 148","T\u1eacP 5: DANH NH\u00c2N QU\u00c2N S\u1ef0 VI\u1ec6T NAM \u0111i\u1ec7u ng\u00e2n nga c\u1ee7a ti\u1ebfng rao \u1ea5y c\u0169ng khi\u1ebfn ch\u00fang m\u00ea \u0111\u1eafm. Nh\u1edd v\u1eady, n\u00e0ng c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn v\u1edbi ch\u00fang v\u00e0 quan s\u00e1t c\u00e1ch b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed trong \u0111\u1ed3n. Nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin ghi nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, n\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec1u b\u00e1o c\u00e1o ban ch\u1ec9 huy ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa n\u00e0ng c\u00f2n gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00ednh Vi\u1ec7t \u0111ang l\u00e0m tay sai cho gi\u1eb7c, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 Qu\u1ea3n C\u1ea7u. C\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111ang di\u1ec5n ra t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p, c\u00f3 t\u00ean L\u01b0\u1ee3m v\u00ec tham s\u1ed1ng s\u1ee3 ch\u1ebft \u0111\u00e3 ra \u0111\u1ea7u h\u00e0ng gi\u1eb7c v\u00e0 cho bi\u1ebft ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng R\u1ea1ch Gi\u00e1. L\u1eadp t\u1ee9c, n\u00e0ng b\u1ecb b\u1eaft c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang v\u1eabn ch\u1ee7 quan, cho r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00f4ng d\u00e1m manh \u0111\u1ed9ng trong th\u1eddi gian n\u00e0y. Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea7n ch\u1eeb, \u0111\u00eam 16\/6\/1868 Nguy\u1ec5n Trung Tr\u1ef1c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u1edfi binh. Ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c th\u00e0nh hai m\u0169i ti\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng, t\u1eeb H\u00f2n Ch\u00f4ng ti\u1ebfn theo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 t\u1eeb T\u00e0 Ni\u00ean ti\u1ebfn ra theo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ed9. D\u01b0\u1edbi quy\u1ec1n ch\u1ec9 huy t\u00e0i t\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, l\u00fac 4 gi\u1edd s\u00e1ng tr\u1eddi c\u00f2n t\u1ed1i nh\u01b0 m\u1ef1c, ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n b\u00ed m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9t nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed3n. Ngay t\u1ea1i ch\u00f2i canh, hai t\u00ean l\u00ednh \u0111ang ng\u1ee7 g\u00e0 ng\u1ee7 g\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb gi\u1ebft tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean. Ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c h\u1ecd lao v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed3n d\u00f9 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trang b\u1ecb g\u01b0\u01a1m gi\u00e1o, c\u00f9ng l\u00fac l\u00ednh kh\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecf n\u1ed9i \u1ee9ng c\u0169ng ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p nh\u1ecbp nh\u00e0ng. B\u1ecb t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd, qu\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p c\u0169ng c\u1ea7m c\u1ef1 ch\u1ed1ng tr\u1ea3 quy\u1ebft li\u1ec7t, nh\u01b0ng b\u1ecb v\u00e2y s\u00e1t qu\u00e1 khi\u1ebfn ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t huy \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecfa l\u1ef1c, ph\u1ea3i r\u00fat ch\u1ea1y ra ph\u00eda R\u1ea1ch Gi\u1ed3ng. L\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y n\u00ean ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c mai ph\u1ee5c t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y v\u00e0 gi\u1ebft ch\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t m\u1ed1ng! Ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y \u0111\u1ed3n c\u00f9ng dinh t\u1ec9nh tr\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 t\u1ec9nh th\u00e0nh R\u1ea1ch Gi\u00e1. Trong tr\u1eadn \u0111\u00e1nh n\u00e0y, t\u00ean \u0111\u1ed3n tr\u01b0\u1edfng, 5 s\u0129 quan c\u00f9ng 67 binh l\u00ednh ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec1n t\u1ed9i. Ngay c\u1ea3 t\u00ean t\u1ec9nh tr\u01b0\u1edfng \u201cCh\u00e1nh Ph\u00e8n\u201d - nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n g\u1ecdi nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf v\u00ec y c\u00f3 b\u1ed9 r\u00e2u v\u00e0ng hoe nh\u01b0 l\u00f4ng ch\u00f3 ph\u00e8n - ng\u1ee7 trong \u0111\u1ed3n c\u0169ng chung s\u1ed1 ph\u1eadn. S\u00e1ng h\u00f4m sau, hay tin ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n th\u1eafng tr\u1eadn, Huy\u1ec7n Hi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 h\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u1ee9c l\u00e0ng s\u1edf t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh di\u1ec7n. Nguy\u1ec5n Trung Tr\u1ef1c khoan h\u1ed3ng cho h\u1ecd v\u00e0 k\u00eau g\u1ecdi ph\u1ea3i gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c cho ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n. Bi\u1ebft k\u1ebb th\u00f9 s\u1ebd \u0111em vi\u1ec7n binh ph\u1ea3n c\u00f4ng, \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1eafp hai \u0111\u1eadp ng\u0103n s\u00f4ng t\u1ea1i T\u00e0 K\u00ean v\u00e0 N\u00fai S\u1eadp, nh\u1eb1m kh\u1ed1ng ch\u1ebf con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea1o m\u00e0 ch\u00fang s\u1ebd h\u00e0nh qu\u00e2n. \u0110\u00fang nh\u01b0 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n, hai ng\u00e0y sau, ng\u00e0y 18\/6 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng qu\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p \u0111ang \u0111\u00f3ng qu\u00e2n \u1edf V\u0129nh Long \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn R\u1ea1ch Gi\u00e1. C\u00f9ng \u0111i v\u1edbi t\u00ean ch\u1ec9 huy 149"]