PA-O History

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152 ¤if;tdrfaxmifusoGm;onfhtcg wbufaqGrsKd;rsm;ESifh qufqH&mü abmif uefYowfcsuf&Sdojzifh xdkrQ &i;f E;DS cirf irf rI &adS y/ &i;f E;DS atmiaf eciG uhf vkd n;f ueoYf wxf m;on/f rrd wd iG f cirf irf uI kd jyciG rhf &Eikd /f treS tf m;jzihf ¤i;f woYkd nvf n;f w&mG wn;f aeonhf rrd \\d aqrG sK;d om;csi;f rsm;yijfzpof n/f oaYkd omf otYl wuG f ¤i;f woYkd nf ao;G rawmf rsK;d rpyaf qrG sK;d rsm; jzpMfuon/f 'wk ,d tqihf aqrG sK;d E,G qf urf sm;jzpíf rrd \\d quqf aH &;wiG f tuetYf owf xm;&onf/ ¤if;yxrtqifh aqGrsKd;rsm;tay:wGif oHa,mZOfydk&Sd&onf/ (4-4-2014) 9;00 zDtJrf (5-4-2014) uav;rsm; t&,G af &muvf monthf cg cjJGcm;íaeMu&on/f tx;l ojzihf red ;f uav;rsm;wiG f txed ;f tord ;f tuuG tf ny§ rf sm;vmon/f a,musfm;av;rsm;rmS vwG vf ycf iG hf tveG tf uRH &vmMuon/f oEYkd iS hf armiEf iS Ehf rS rsm; rSm tvdkvdk uif;uGmvdkovdkjzpfvmMuonf/ tpfudkonf zcifESifhtwl tdrfOD;cef;wGif tdyf&NyD; nDrjzpfolurl rcd iEf iS hf tjcm;uav;rsm;EiS thf wl trd tf wiG ;f buwf iG f tyd Mfu&on/f armiEf rS EpS Of ;D rmS trd tf vyk rf sm;vyk cf sed Ef iS hf v,,f mvyk cf sed rf sm;wiG of m qckH iG MhfuKH&Muon/f xtkd csed wf iG f armiaf &m ErS yg ]]usK;d }}rsK;d E,G qf urf S trd af xmizf uuf kd a&G;cs,f&ef pdwf0ifpm;vsuf&SdaeMuavNyD/ wcgw&H armifuaomfvnf;aumif;? ESraomfvnf;aumif; wpfOD;udk wpfOD; atmifoG,fvkyfay;wwfMuonf/ wpfOD;udkwpfOD; tultnD ay;wwfMuonf/ tb;kd tbmG ;rsm;uvn;f ajr;rsm;\\ trd af xmiaf &;upd uö kd wen;f wzkH 0iaf &mupf uG zf uaf v&h adS von/f ajr;rsm;onf þupd rö sm;twuG f tb;kd tbmG ;xH uyvf mMuNy;D wikd yf iwf wMfuon/f pipf ptf m;jzihf tb;kd tbmG ; rsm;rmS &mG wiG f wo;D wjcm; aexikd Mfuonthf cg ajr;rsm;u vma&muaf exikd wf wMfuon/f tb;kd tbmG ;rsm;uvn;f tNird rf ae &mG wiG ;f ½dS om;or;D trd rf sm;oYkd wptf rd 0f i?f wptf rd xf uG of mG ;Ny;D ajr;rsm;ukd omG ;a&muMfun½hf aI v&h MdSu on/f uav;rsm;onf bBu;D EiS hf Bu;D a':rsm;ukd tb;kd tbmG ;rsm;uohJ Ykd av;pm;Muaomvf n;f &i;f E;DS rI twikd ;f twm t& ESdrfhusavonf/ vuxf yxf rd ;f jrm§ ;jci;f upd wö iG f wm;jrpcf surf sm;&odS n/f zci\\f nED iS hf rcd i\\f nrD rsm;vn;f wm;jrpcf suwf iG f tusK;H 0iof n/f ¤i;f w\\Ykd uav;rsm;onf wvr;f omG ;aqrG sK;d rsm;tjzpf oabmxm;Muon/f zcinf \\D Ze;D ? rcd if nDr\\ vifa,mufsm;udkvnf; þtwdkif;yif oabmxm;&avonf/ trsm;tm;jzihf aqrG sK;d om;csi;f rui;f Muonohf rl sm;onf w&mG wn;f wiG &f MdSuon/f ¤i;f w\\Ykd c,H rl uI vn;f ]]twiG ;f tyk pf }k }? ]]tjyitf yk pf }k }[k cjJGcm;quqf wH wMfuon/f aps;rsm;wiG f awUG qokH nohf rl sm;rmS &mG wiG af wUG qMkHu orl sm;xuf O;D a&yrkd sm;on/f &i;f E;DS rtI wikd ;f twmt& rrd &d mG &dS vrl sm;onf &yaf 0;aeorl sm;xuf yíkd &i;f E;DS uRr;f 0if wwfMuonf/ xdkYaMumifh tjcm;&GmrS vlrsm;tm; vdrfvnfjcif;? cdk;0Sufjcif;? vufa&mufapmfum;jcif; trIrsm;udk usL;veG af v&h MdSuon/f rrd od m;csi;f rsm;tvnüf þtjzprf sK;d awUG &coJ n/f &mG vBlu;D rsm;uvn;f þvyk &f yrf sm;ukd vucf aH vrh &MdSuacs/ xaYkd Mumihf rrd &d mG tjyif t&yaf 0;aeorl sm;tay:wiG f ¤i;f woYkd abmxm;EiS hf ywof uíf atmuyf gtwikd ;f tqiqhf ichf jJGcm;Eikd of n-f 1/ ytdk;rsm; r[kwfolrsm;? txl;ojzifh &Srf;/ 2/ &yfa0;ae ytdk;rsm;? rdrdaqGrsKd;rawmfpyfol/ 3/ yt;kd r[wk of rl sm;? oaYkd omf bmomw&m;? p;D ymG ;a&;EiS hf vrl aI &;upd rö sm;wiG f rrd Ed iS thf qutf o,G f &odS /l 4/ yt;kd rsm;jzpíf 'wk ,d tajccH aqrG sK;d E,G qf u&f odS ?l aps;te;D üaeo?l b&k m;yuJG si;f y&mae&mrsm;ü aexikd of /l 5/ rdrdom;csif; aqGrsKd;rsm;/ 6/ rdrdom;csif;rsm;wGif ydk? zD? rm? ygerf qifh&Sdolrsm;/ 7/ rdrd\\ om;csif;aqGrsKd; t&if;tcsmrsm;? zgwef? zmeef? rdk;wef? rdk;eefESifh ¤if;\\uav;rsm;/ 8/ rdrd\\ rdom;pk/ ,cuk mvwiG f &mG acgi;f aqmirf sm;onf &rS ;f EiS yhf t;kd &mG rsm;tm; c;kd q;kd v,k ujfci;f ukd vurf cMHuay/ oaYkd omf

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177 Muon/f þonrf mS vil ,rf sm;cpH m;ciG &hf onhf tciG thf a&;wp&f y[f k qEkd ikd af yon/f rbd rsm;onvf n;f rrd wd \\Ykd om;orD;rsm;twGuf wpfpdwfwpfydkif; wm0ef&Sdonf[k owfrSwfxm;onf/ emruse;f jzpjfci;f EiS hf a&m*gb, puJG yjfci;f onf Murm® q;kd 0iíf jzpof n[f k owrf wS ,f MkHunwf wMfuon/f wbufuvnf; trSm;t,Gif;wpfckck&Sdí ewfrsm;u rdrdwdkYtm; tjypf'Pfcwfonf[k ,lqMuonf/ ¤if;wdkYwGif jyóemwpfck? qif;&J'ku©wpfckMuHKwdkif; ,if;tcsufESpfcsufudk t\"duOD;wnf yHkcsavh&Sdonf/ tcsKdUudpörsm;wGif ewrf sm;ukd yal Zmyf ojci;f jzihf uok Muavon/f 'uk o© uk u© rkd S ewuf tkd m;xm;Muon/f ,i;f upd rö sm;twuG f ¤i;f wuYkd kd ar;jre;f onthf cg rrd wd wYkd iG f uMHurm® erd vhf monthf cg raumi;f q;kd 0g;wYkd 0iaf &muaf EmS i,hf uS &f ef yíkd v,G uf ol jzihf rrd wd Ykd ,cuk ohJ Ykd ab;'uk a© &mu&f on[f k qMkduon/f ,i;f t,tl qrmS a&;S b;pOaf bmiqf uf o,af qmivf monhf twGuf ¤if;wdkYwGif t½dk;pGJaeavNyD/ yt;kd rsm;onf use;f rma&;twuG f vyk af qmiuf siMhfu&H rnuhf pd rö sK;d ukd pwd 0f ipf m;rrI &adS cs/ wezf ;kd vn;f rxm; wwMfuacs/ rrd vd yk af qmiof rQonf uMHurm® tay:wiG of m wnof n[f k ,ql xm;orQ use;f rma&;twuG f aqmif &e?f a&mS i&f euf pd rö sm;uvkd n;f pwd yf g0ipf m;Murnrf [wk af y/ pipf ptf m;jzihf vbYl 0wiG f tyd cf sed rf eS jfci;f ? pm;csed rf eS f jcif;ESifh rdrdudk,fcE¨m MuHhcdkifoefpGrf;atmif aexdkifaeorQ rnfonfha&m*grS uyfNidEdkifrnfr[kwfacs/ ¤if;wdkYonf usef;rma&;twGuf ta&;BuD;onfh tcsdefrSeftdyfjcif;? pm;jcif;? a&rdk;csKd;jcif;? udk,fvufoefYpifjcif;ESifh udk,fcE¨m twuG f tjcm;vtkd ycf surf sm;jzpof nhf MuchH ikd of epf rG ;f apruI kd vspvf sL½xI m;av&h odS n/f tq;kd q;kH rmS tm[m&jynphf kH onfh tpmtm[m&rsKd; rpm;wwfjcif;ESifh wpfudk,fa& oefY&Sif;rItm;enf;jcif;yif jzpfonf/ emruse;f jzpof tl m; aq;uok rrI sm;jyKvyk of nthf cg 0nd mOaf vmuEiS hf E,G of nuhf xk ;kH en;f emrsm;uokd m to;kH jyKMuavon/f ewtf m;yal Zmjfci;f onf uxk ;kH en;f em\\ tajccjHzpof n/f aepY Of trd &f bdS &k m;piwf iG f vLS z,G f 0wK¬jziyhf al Zmjfci;f onf trd af pmiehf wtf m; yojci;f rnaf yon/f trd af pmiehf wtf m; yal Zmyf ojci;f jzihf rrd td rd wf iG f 0iaf &muaf eonhf ewqf ;kd rsm;ukd z,&f mS ;cikd ;f jci;f jzpaf von/f &mG apmiehf wuf kd EpS pf Oyf al Zmjfci;f jzihf raumi;f aom ab;? raumi;f aomurH sm;ukd z,&f mS ;jci;f wpef n;f jzpof n/f &mG apmiehf wof nf wecf ;kd t&edS tf 0gBu;D onhf ewjfzpf on/f jyóemBu;D i,f ay:vmonthf csed wf iG vf n;f &mG apmiehf wuf kd yal Zmyf owwMfuon/f raumi;f aomMurm® ukd z,&f mS ;onhf en;f wp&f y&f adS o;on/f ,i;f en;f rmS b&k m;ausmi;f ueof mG ;í vLS 'ge;f jci;f jzihf raumi;f onahf b;? uHMur®mwdkYudk z,f&Sm;Edkifonf[k ,HkMunfMuonf/ xdkYaMumifh ¤if;wdkYonf ab;wpHw&m usa&mufvmonfhtcg b&k m;w&m;uvkd n;f u;kd u,G qf n;f uyMfuvsuf ewrf sm;uvkd n;f yal Zmyf owwMfuon/f oaYkd omf ewrf sm; u;kd u,G f yorrI mS tpOrf ysuvf yk af v&h odS nhf \"avrh [wk /f jyóemBu;D i,f ay:aygurf oS m ta&;ay:yorrI sm; jyKvyk jfci;f jzpaf von/f uav;oil ,rf sm;wiG f taqmivf uzf UJG rsm; qixf m;av&h odS n/f ,i;f taqmirf mS opaf pwh prf sK;d jzpof n/f tqdkyg taqmifudk uav;wpfvom;t&G,fwGif aiGMuKyfwGifxnfhí qGJay;xm;wwfonf/ ,if;taqmifudk uav;av;ig;EpS tf &,G tf xd qaJG y;av&h MdSuavon/f ,i;f taqmiof nf uaH umi;f apwwaf Mumi;f o&d on/f vBlu;D rsm;vn;f a&;S ,ciuf ,i;f taqmirf sK;d ukd qxJG m;av&h adS Mumi;f o&d on/f ,ctk csed wf iG f ,i;f \"avh rsK;d r&adS wmah cs/ vBlu;D rsm;aqmi&f rnhf taqmirf mS vuaf rmi;f wiG f 0w&f on/f ,i;f taqmirf sm;ukd ewuf awmf rsm;EiS hf bek ;f awmBfu;D rsm;u *gxmrEmÅ ef re;f rwI af y;Muon/f bek ;f awmBfu;D rsm;onf rrd wd tYkd m; ryirhf zwd bf J ae trd rf sm;oYkd omG ;vm0ixf uG af vrh &MdSuacs/ yizhf wd vf monthf cgwiG f w&m;\"ra® [mMum;ay;Muon/f ur0® gzwjfci;f truI kd jyKMuavon/f ,i;f twuG f bek ;f awmBfu;D tm; vLS z,G ?f we;f z,G jfzihf tx;l yal ZmMfu&avon/f ewuf awmf rsm;uvkd n;f ac:íre;f rwI cf ikd ;f av&h odS n/f yt;kd ewuf awmrf sm;rmS jrerf mewuf awmrf sm;uohJ Ykd a&aT iyG pnö ;f rsm;pmG &&SdMujcif;r&Sd/ ¤if;tm; tpm;taomuf auR;arG;jcif;ESifh udpöNyD;Mu&onf/ ewfuawmfrsm;onf þtvkyfudk rdrdtusKd;tjrwftwGuf vkyfcGifhr&SdMuaMumif; od&Sd&onf/ aq;q&mrsm;vn;f þu@wiG f yg0ivf mwwMfuon/f oaYkd omf ¤i;f taejzihf a&m*gab;ukd umu,G &f ef xuf uko&efudkom OD;wnfvkyfaqmifavh&Sdonf/ aq;0g;rsm; rwdkufauR;rD aq;xufjrufap&ef *gxmrEÅef &wG qf akd v&h adS von/f

178 þen;f þ[ejfzihf uok jci;f rvS íJG tjcm;a&m*gtwuG f a&m*gy;kd ui;f a0;atmi?f yaysmuaf tmif uok en;f rsm;ukd tm;xwk jfci;f r&MdSuay/ pipf ptf m;jzihf buwf ;D &;D ,m? Aikd ;f &ypf Ef iS hf y&ruEf jkrLrQ ao;i,of nhf \"mwyk pnö ;f rsm;onf a&m*gjzpaf prnthf &mrsm;jzpof n/f v\\l use;f rma&;twuG f xtkd &mrsm;onf tc&mjzpMfuon/f iuS f zsm;a&m*g usa&mufjcif;onf jcifwpfrsKd;udkufjcif;aMumifhjzpfon[kajymvQif ytdk;rsm; ,HkMunfavhr&SdMuacs/ xaYkd Mumivhf n;f ¤i;f w\\Ykd yw0f e;f usiwf iG f jcirf sm;aexikd f rayguzf mG ;Eikd af tmif rjyKjyif rvyk uf ikd Mfujci;f jzpaf von/f u,kd cf Em¨ xcd ukd 'f P&f m&roI nvf n;f uMHurm® ay:wiG of m ½;kd r,zf UJG Muon/f ,i;f upd tö wuG f jzpaf y:& onhf tcsutf vutf ay: ta&;,ol nuf wpbf u?f c&H orl mS rrd Mdurm® q;kd MuKHíom þocYkd pH m;&on[f k ,ql xm;wwMfuon/f þxcd ukd rf rI sK;d vurf wivf wG of mG ;onthf cg rrd ud aH umi;f axmurf veG ;f í vwG of n[f qk jkdyef on/f xcd ukd rf ud rrd ud rH aumi;f taMumi;f roivhf Ykd c&H on[f ak jymon/f xaYkd Mumihf ¤i;f wtYkd m; uuH om t&m&m ukd cs,vf ,S pf ;kd r;kd aeon[f k ajymq&kd e&f adS von/f ¤i;f w\\Ykd b0wiG f uoH mvQif tr?d uoH mvQitf ztjzpf jzpaf y on/f xcd ukd 'f P&f m&pOf ¤i;f wyYkd ukH kd þae&mwiG f azmjfyvakd yon/f 'P&f mrS ao;G xuG af eonthf cg ao;G xuG f wdwfap&ef t0wfpkwfjzifh 'Pf&may:rSaeí zdxm;wwfMuonf/ 'Pf&mudk aq;aMumokwfoif&ef rBudK;pm;/ xaYkd Mumivhf n;f temrmS y;kd 0iíf ,O;f vmwwMfuon/f aq;&uG of nf ao;G xuG uf kd wwd af pon[f k qokd n/f xYkd aMumifh aq;&Guftenf;i,fudk ,lNyD; yg;pyfjzifh0g;vsuf 'Pf&mudk tHkay;onf/ aq;zuf0if t&GufrsKd;udk,lNyD; uifí temusufatmif uyfxm;ay;avh&Sdonf/ wcgw&H aoG;xGufwdwfap&ef a&eHqDudk toHk;jyKMuonf/ ¤if;wdkYwGif ydk;owfaq;r&Sd? temrsm;udk aq;aMumokwfoif&efvnf; pdwful;xJ rxnfhMuacs/ tqitf jrpvf jJTci;f upd rö sm;wiG f ywwf ;D pn;f jci;f ? EydS ef ,jfci;f EiS hf tem;,jlci;f rsm;jzihf uok wwMfuon/f qDudktylay;í a,mif,rf;aeonfh 'Pf&mtay:wGif vdrf;usHESdyfe,fay;avh&SdMuonf/ t½dk;tqpfrsm; 'Pf&m tuif;raorDwGifyif vlemonf tNidrfraebJ oGm;vmvIyf&Sm;aewwfonf/ tqyd rf jyi;f xevf oS nhf a>rEiS hf y;kd rmT ;rsm;uukd yf gu 'P&f mrmS a,mi,f r;f vmwwof n/f xtkd cg azmjfy cohJ nhf t&uG rf sK;d jzihf uyxf m;Muavon/f tqyd jfyi;f onhf a>rrsK;d uukd of mG ;ygu tazmvf yk of ul yg;pyjfzithf qyd f udk pwk xf wk yf pMfuavon/f tqyd uf ek of mG ;onthf cg aq;q&mtm; tjreaf c:Muon/f aq;q&monf vel mtm; oajy&uG wf iG f a&qwG íf yujfze;f ay;on/f ¤i;f woYkd nf t½;kd rsm;EiS yhf wof uíf em;vnjfci;f r&adS cs/ t½;kd usK;d onhf tcg t½;kd ukd aeom;wusjyexf m;vukd of n/f wnof nehf n;f rmS vel mtemtusif ouof monahf e&monf ae&m reS [f ,k ql Muon/f þen;f jzihf vel m\\temusuof mG ;onthf cg yrkH eS rf a&mubf J t*gF csKUd ,iG ;f aeMu&awmoh n/f tpm;taomuf rqijfciíf vn;f Aukd ef ma&m*grsm; jzpyf mG ;apavon/f r;kd O;D tcsed wf iG f 0r;f uukd af &m*g jzpfavh&Sd\\/ ,if;udpörSm a&aMumifhjzpfonf[k ,lq&ef&Sdonf/ emzsm;í wpfudk,fvHk; wkef&DaevQif (xmcGv) tat;rod n[f k ,ql Muon/f pek ;f jyKpm;jci;f aMumivhf n;f tjcm;emruse;f rrI sm;&odS n[f vk n;f ,ql xm;wwMfu onf/ odkYaomf aus;&Gmom;rsm;u tqdkyg jyKpm;wwfolrsm;udk tpOfapmifhMunfhavh&Sdaeojzifh þudpöjzpf&yfrsKd; jzpfyGm;rI enf;yg;avonf/ emruse;f jzpvf monthf cg 0nd mOaf vmurS vel mtm; y;l uypf ;kd r;kd vmon[f k ,ql Muon/f tx;l ojzihf pdwfazmufjyefoGm;olrsm;onf 0dnmOf\\yl;uyfaerIudk txl;cHpm;ae&onf[k qdkonf/ ,if;vlemrSm aoab;rS vGwfí oufomvmonfhtcg tqdkyg 0dnmOfrsm; ukd,frScGgoGm;onf[k ajymMuonf/ pkef;uav;twwfudk ]]atmufvrf;}}twwf[k owfrSwfMuonf/ ,if;twwfrsm;udk rdef;rrsm;uom vyk af qmiaf v&h MdSuon[f k qMkduon/f raumi;f q;kd 0g; rpd mä woYkd nf red ;f rrsm;wiG of m crkd ;DS vmwwof n/f oaYkd omf aus;&mG rsm;wiG f &odS nahf q;q&mrsm;onf atmuvf r;f ynmukd ErdS ef i;f Eikd of rl sm;jzpíf þynmonvf n;f acgi;f raxmiEf ikd af Mumi;f jzihf qMkduon/f red ;f rrsm;wiG f ,i;f twwyf nmrsm;ukd oiíf wwvf mMuonrf [wk /f raumi;f qdk;0g;wdkYu ¤if;wdkY\\udk,fwGif;odkY 0ifa&mufcdkuyfvmí þynmrsm; wwfvmMuonf[k ,HkMunfMuavonf/ tqydk g pek ;f ua0ynmonf rcd irf oS r;D oYkd tqiqhf ihf u;l ajymi;f omG ;av&h adS Mumi;f / xaYkd Mumihf pek ;f r\\or;D rsm;ukd pkef;wwfolrsm;tjzpf awGU&Sdolrsm;u oHo,&SdaewwfMuonf/ raumi;f q;kd 0g; cukd ycf &H onrhf ed ;f rukd pek ;f r[ak c:Muon/f rnof nehf n;f [ejfzihf y;l uycf &H onuf rkd l avh

179 vmpHkprf;ír&acs/ ntcsdefwGif &GmwGif;ü vSnfhvnfusufpm;aeonfudk &Gmom;wpHkwOD;u jrif&onf[lonfh tcsufponf/ ntcsdefrawmfwGif tazmfryg rdef;rwpfOD;wnf; 0g;½HkyifMum;wGifvnf;aumif;? opfyifMum;wGif vn;f aumi;f awUG &onthf cg pek ;f rtjzpf pyG pf MJGuavon/f wpBfurd wf pcf gawUG ½EkH iS hf ooH ,pwd rf ay:Muaomvf n;f tBurd Bfurd f awUG jrivf monthf cg tqykd gtprJG mS yíkd Bu;D vmon/f þooYkd oH ,&adS eonrhf ed ;f rukd &mG om;wppf uk acsmif;ajrmif;zrf;qD;í ppfar;wwfMuonf/ auseyaf vmuaf tmif tajzray;ygu wwk jfzi½hf udk yf wk wf wMfuon/f ½ukd of nwhf wk uf vkd n;f trd of aYdk &muf onthf cg r;D ½UdI ypwf wMfuon/f aemuaf erY euaf &muíf red ;f rwpOf ;D O;D wiG f wwk jfzi½hf ukd xf m;on'hf P&f mukd awUG jri&f ygu xrkd ed ;f rukd pek ;f r[wk pxf pcf s owrf wS vf ukd Mfuawmoh n/f tqykd g red ;f rrsm;ukd &mG jyiof Ykd EiS xf wk wf wf Muonf/ þodkYjzifh Muvmonfhtcg ,if;rdef;rrSm tpGefYy,fcH jzpfoGm;Mu&Smonf/ tcsKdUudk &GmwGifyif aecGifhay; xm;wwMfuon/f oaYkd omf ¤i;f rmS ooH ,tjritf Mun'hf Puf kd wpof uvf ;kH cpH m;aeMu&avon/f rMumrED pS rf sm; u þuJhodkYaom rdef;rrsm;udk owfypfavh&SdMuonf/ tqykd gred ;f rrsm;ukd wp&f mG v;kH rs aMumuMfuon/f rsuvf ;kH csi;f qikd íf yif rMun&hf MJuacs/ rsuvf ;kH csi;f qikd f Munrhf yd gu rrd td ay: ab;tE&Å m,f wpwkH &m usa&muvf mrn[f yk if ,MkHun,f ql xm;wwMfuon/f pek ;f rrsm; ynmonf tvtkd avsmuf xuG af y:aewwof n[f k qMkduon/f pek ;f rwiG f x;l jcm;onhf rsuvf ;kH &½dS rkH Qru tjcm; pGrf;aqmifEdkifonf ynmrsm;vnf; &Sdao;onf[k ,HkMunfaeMuonf/ rdrdwdkYqHyif? wHawG;? vufonf;cGHwpfck? b;D wpaf csmi;f om pek ;f rrsm;\\vuwf iG ;f oYkd usa&muof mG ;ygu rrd wd tYkd m; BuKduof vjkdyKpm;Eikd of n[f k qMkduon/f rcd ipf ek ;f ronf rrd td en;f i,uf kd re;f rwI Nfy;D or;D tm; rsKcd sapjci;f jzihf ynmvuqf iuhf r;f Ny;D jzpof n[f k qokd n/f þen;f jzihf rrd wd \\Ykd qyH icf snrf sm;ukd pek ;f rrsm;vu0f ,f &&odS mG ;jci;f jzihf rrd wd tYkd m; jyKpm;Eikd of n[f k ,l qMuonfhtavsmuf rdrdwdkYacgif;zD;&if xGufvmonfh qHyifrsm;udk ajrjr§Kyfypfavh&Sdonf/ vufonf;ajconf; v;DS jzwpf rsm;uvkd n;f azsmuzf suyf pMfuon/f avvh mcsutf &y&f ytf & aus;&mG rsm;wiG f pek ;f rrsm;rmS aus;&mG om; rsm;ESifh w&if;wESD; aexdkifcGifhr&Mujcif;rSm aocsmvSavonf/ trsm;,MkHunwf p&f yrf mS ua0twwyf nmonf rrd \\d u,kd cf Em¨ ukd yokH @metf rsK;d rsK;d ajymi;f vEJT ikd of n[f íl jzpof n/f wpaf e&mrS wpaf e&moYkd vsijfreof nthf [ek jfzihf omG ;a&muEf ikd of n[f vk n;f qokd n/f ua0rsm;ab;&ef rmS rrd ad us;&mG wpcf ok mru &mG e;D csKypf yaf us;&mG rsm;EiS hf ywof uaf eav&h adS von/f ,i;f upd rö sK;d jzpaf y:vmonthf cg aus;&GmvlBuD;rsm;onf wm0ef,l tjypfay;avh&SdMuonf/ &mG rsm;wiG f uqH ;kd r;kd armS iuf srI rMumcP ay:ayguvf monthf cgrsK;d wiG f pek ;f zr;f yrJG sm; usi;f yav&h MdSuon/f 1950-cEk pS f 0e;f usiüf ,i;f upd rö sK;d wpBfurd rf Q ray:ayguzf ;l ao;acs/ u&iof yl ek xf pOuf mvwiG f ,i;f pek ;f EiS uhf a0 rsm;ukd azmxf wk Mfuav&m tqykd g pek ;f ua0rsm;rmS ao'Ppf &D ijfci;f coH mG ;Mu&avon/f ,i;f trrI sK;d wpEf pS tf wiG ;f ig;rI&SdcJhaMumif; awGU&Sd&avonf/ aq;q&mrsm;onf aq;0g;bufwGif uRrf;usif½Hkomru 0dnmOfydkif;qdkif&m ESdrfeif;rItwwfwGifvnf; wwfuRrf;Muonf/ odkYaomf þudpörsKd; ay:aygufygu t\"dutm;udk;tm;xm;jyKcH&olrsm;rSm bkef;awmfBuD;rsm; jzpfavonf/ bkef;awmfBuD;\\ aemufwGifrS aq;q&mrsm;jzpfMuonf/ aq;q&mrsm;\\aemufrS ewfuawmfrsm; jzpof n/f aq;q&mrsm;onf aus;&Gm\\,HkMunfrIudk tjynfht0&&SdMuonf/ q&mrsm;onf atmufvrf;ynmudk vukd pf m;orl sm;r[wk af Mumi;f ,MkHunMfuon/f emruse;f jzpíf aq;q&mtm;yiohf nthf cg aq;q&monf aq;0g; rsm;wukd af uR;Ny;D bmoma&;qikd &f mvyk if e;f rsm;ukd vel mu,kd pf m; vyk af qmiaf y;omG ;wwof n/f aq;q&muykd iohf nhf tcg csucf si;f vukd vf mavrh &/dS vel mtm; aq;uok Eikd &f ef aq;x;kd rnthf csed rf sK;d ukd wuG cf suíf vukd yf gvmav&h dS avonf/ ,if;enf;udk jrefrmESifh &Srf;aq;q&mrsm;xHrS enf;emudk,ljcif; jzpfEdkifonf/ aq;q&ma&mufonfESifh wNyKdief uf vel m\\ vQmEiS rhf suvf ;kH atmuf rsucf ;kH &adS o;G a&miuf kd avvh mMun½hf oI n/f ao;G w;kd EeI ;f ukd pr;f oyof n/f ¤i;f onf vel mvuaf y:&dS EpS af e&mwiG f ao;G w;kd EeI ;f upkd r;f on/f ,i;f aemuwf iG rf S vel m\\ a&m*gukd owrf wS tf wnfjyK xkwfazmfavh&SdMuonf/ tawUG tMuKH&iuhf suNfy;D orl sm;yyD D a&m*gtreS uf kd azmEf ikd Mfuavon/f ¤i;f aemuf aq;q&monf rrd wd iG f

180 ygvmonhf aq;0g;rsm;ukd xwk Nfy;D azmpf yaf wmoh n/f Ny;D aemuf vel mtm; aq;wukd of n/f use&f adS q;rsm;ukd rnof Ykd rnfyHk wdkuf&rnfudk ñTefMum;oGm;onf/ odkYaomf ¤if;onf vlemtm; wpfaeYpmaq;zHkxuf ydkíray;wwfay/ aemufaeYvm&ef &nf&G,fcsuf&Sd[efwlMuonf/ aq;ay;&if; tdrfapmifhewftm; rnfodkYrnfyHk ylaZmfyo&rnfudk vr;f ñeT rf aI y;wwof n/f b&k m;ausmi;f uewf iG f rnof nyhf pnö ;f rsm;jzihf ,MwmacsvLS 'ge;f &rnqf okd nuf kd ajymMum; omG ;wwMfuon/f rdrdrEdkifeif;onfh a&m*grsm;wGif aq;q&monf 0dnmOfenf;tultnDudk ,lavh&SdMuonf/ q&monf rnfonfhtcgrQ £ajE´ysufavhr&Sd/ ol\\aq;rsm;rSmvnf; tpGrf;xufMuonf/ arsmufaoG;tajcmuf? usm;pG,f treI ?Yf usm;EwI cf r;f ar;T jym? ui;f ajcrsm;\\jymrsm;onf q&m\\tprG ;f xuaf q;rsm;jzpMfuon/f tqykd gaq;rsm;EiS hf aq;zu0f iof pjfrp?f opOf ? op&f uG wf jYkdzihf aygi;f pyvf ukd of nthf cg tprG ;f xujfruvf oS nhf aq;ztkH r,jfzpvf map on/f ¤i;f onf aq;u&k i;f b&k m;qak wmi;f jci;f ? ewaf umi;f ewjfrwrf sm;tm; tutl naD wmi;f jci;f jyKav&h odS n/f aq;q&mrsm;\\ pdwfydkif;qdkif&m ukxHk;rSmvnf; xda&mufrI&SdvSayonf/ aus;&GmwGif trsm;wum\\ MunfnKdav;pm;rIudk cH&olrsm;yDyD ¤if;\\ aq;zufqdkif&m tMuHÓPfrsm;udkvnf; vdkufemMuonfu rsm;onf/ vlemudk aq;ukoenf;rsm;uvnf; pdwf\"mwfydkif;t& tvGeftm;wufrIudk jzpfapavonf/ aps;rsm;wiG f trsm;wum em;vnof ;kH pEJG ikd of nhf aq;rsm;wukd af uR;xm;av&h MdSuon/f omreef mzsm;a&m*g rsm;twuG f toiahf zmpf yaf &mi;f onahf q;rsm; jzpMfuavon/f ,i;f aq;rsm;ukd o;kH píJG raysmuof nthf cgwiG rf S aq;q&mtm; yifhac:avh&SdMuonf/ aq;q&m trd rf a&murf uD mvwiG f vel mtm; tyyk cf saq;rsm; wukd af uR;xm;av&h MdSuon/f aus;&mG wiG f tykyfcsaq;rSm vlwdkif;oHk;pGJaeus aq;wr,fjzpfavonf/ vlemtm; rD;zdkab;wGif apmifjzifhaxG;í xm;avh&SdMuonf/ &nf&G,fcsufrSm vlemacR;xGufvQif a&m*g oufomrnf[lí jzpfonf/ vlemtm; rmonfhtpm;taomufrsm; auR;arG;avhr&SdMuacs/ tom;? OESifh tjcm; vwqf wof nhf [i;f o;D [i;f &uG tf prd ;f ? tusuwf uYkd kd auR;ar;G avrh &/dS vel mtwuG f t\"ud tpm;tpmrmS qejfyKwf jzpof n/f vel mxm;onahf e&mrmS wptf rd of m;v;kH \\ t\"ud xm; vyI &f mS ;aeonhf r;D zakd b;wiG f jzpaf eonthf avsmuf vlemrSm Nidrfoufat;aq;pGm tem;,lcGifhr&acs/ vel mrmS tweif ,f aeaumi;f onEf iS hf xxikd af e&on/f q&m\\ vr;f ñeT rf uI vkd n;f rvukd ef mEikd af wmh ay/ þojYkdzihf vel mrmS jyevf oJ mG ;jci;f ? evexf &uMfum&nS jfci;f rsm; jzpaf y:Mu&avon/f aq;q&rsm; aq;u&k m wGif oHk;pGJonfh ypönf;ud&d,m[lí oD;jcm;r&Sd/ aq;0g;wdkufonfhtcg tdrfwGifoHk;pGJaeus cGuf? ZGef;wdkYudkom o;kH pMJGuon/f vel mwiG f u;l puwf wof nahf &m*grsm; usa&muof nthf cg uav;rsm;uokd m a&mS i&f mS ;cikd ;f wwMfu NyD; vlBuD;rsm;url twlaexdkif apmifha&SmufMuavonf/ aus;&mG wiG f t\"ud tm;u;kd tm;xm;ae&onhf orl sm;rmS aq;q&mrsm;omjzpaf von/f veG cf ohJ nhf (18) vcefYu aemifyvefwGif uGefaygif'g aq;pyform;wpfOD; ydkYxm;onfudk awGU&onf/ ¤if;rSmvnf; uRrf;usifol r[wk af cs/ tqykd g&mG rS aq;ay;ce;f rmS vn;f u&iof yl ek xf pOf ysuof mG ;cohJ n/f c&p,f mebf moma&;qikd &f m b&k m; ausmi;f rsm;\\ Bu;D Muyrf jIzihf awmiBfu;D NrKdU\\awmibf uf ig;rikd tf umG wiG f aq;½?kH aq;ay;ce;f ziG vhf pS xf m;avon/f ,i;f aq;ce;f twuG f wm0ecf H q&mroel mjyKukd a'guwf m a*:'eqf ;D *&wd Af uf oiwf e;f ay;xm;on/f ¤i;f q&mr onf ta&SUvufa'owpfcGifodkY vSnfhvnfukoay;aecJhonf/ aq;½wkH i&f rnuhf pd rö sm;wiG f omoemjyKaq;½okH Ykd ac:aqmivf mcohJ n/f cpJG wd &f rnuhf pd rö sm;twuG f aq; ½HkBuD;odkY wifydkYay;Muonf/ awmifBuD;NrdKUwGif txl;uk orm;awmfBuD;rsm; rsm;pGm&Sdaeaomfvnf; aus;&Gmrsm;odkY a&muEf ikd of rl sm; r[wk af cs/ aus;&mG om;rsm;tm; aq;½BkHu;D rS jyKpuk ok ay;aeaomvf n;f trsm;prk mS aq;½BkHu;D oYkd omG ;&aumi;f reS ;f roMdu/ aq;½BkHu;D \\ cenYf m;onthf &edS tf 0gonyf if ¤i;f w\\Ykd pwd uf kd acsmujfcm;apon/f awmif Bu;D &dS use;f rma&;XmervS n;f aus;&mG rsm;wiG f u;l puwf wof nahf &m*gb, usa&muof nthf cg aq;x;kd tzUJG rsm; apvwT f aq;x;kd ay;Muavon/f oaYkd omf ,i;f vyk if e;f rsm;rmS atmuyf gtcsurf sm;aMumihf tusK;d ouaf &muof ihf oavmuf roufa&mufaMumif; awGU&Sd&avonf- (1) ¤if;wdkYonf usef;rma&; ynma&;vkyfief;rsm; raqmif&GufoGm;jcif;?

181 (2) &mG oYkd vma&murf nahf euY kd BuKdwitf aMumi;f Mum;rxm;ojzihf ¤i;f ukd vma&muof nthf cg aus; &Gmtrsm;pkrSm tvkyfcGifwGif a&mufaeMujcif;? (3) ¤if;wdkYwGif aq;0g;tvHktavmuf r,laqmifvmjcif;? (4) aq;xdk;&mwGif roefY&Sif;ojzifh tem,Of;rIjzpfapjcif;? (5) qif;&Jom; &Gmom;rsm;tay: apwemrxm;bJ rdrdwdkY wm0efausrIudk t\"duxm;jcif;/ ponfwdkYjzpfavonf/ ,if;udpötwGuf t\"ducsKdU,Gif;csufrSm BuD;MuyfrItm;enf;jcif; jzpfavonf/ xaYkd Mumivhf n;f ta&US vucf ½ikd wf iG f use;f rma&;Xme\\ aqmi&f uG cf surf sm;rmS rnof nthf usK;d aus;Z;l rS xuG af y: rvmcahJ cs/ þojYkdzihf yt;kd rsm;onf rrd wd aYkd us;&mG &dS (q&mwp)D ac: Aad Em¨ q&mrsm;uokd m tm;u;kd tm;xm; jyKaeMu& &mS avon/f pwd 0f ipf m;z,G wf pcf rk mS ,cak emuqf ;kH ay: aq;0g;rsm;jzpof nhf AwD mriuf eG af ygi;f ? uEDG ikd ?f qm;acgi;f ? wikd uf mAeG ef wd qf 'kd gEiS hf tjcm;aq;rsm;ukd wikd ;f &i;f aq;rsm;EiS hf py[f yof ;kH paJG eMujci;f jzpof n/f ,i;f aq;rsm;onf yt;kd rsm;twuG f tx;l taxmutf ujlzpaf eon/f aq;q&mrsm;uok í r&Eikd of nthf cg vel mtm; taemuwf ikd ;f aq;en;f jzihf tuok c&H ef 0g;xr;f pijfzihf q&m0exf oH Ykd ac:aqmiof mG ;wwMfuon/f xtkd csed wf iG f taemuwf ikd ;f aq;ynmwwfonfh q&m0efvnf; rwwfEdkif/ vufavQmh&onfh tcsdefrsKd;jzpfavNyD/ vlemaoqHk;vQif aq;q&mrsmudk tjypfwifavhr&SdMuacs/ xdcdkuf'Pf&m&rI? aoqHk;rIt00wdkYonf uH aMumiohf mjzpof n[f k ,MkHun&f i;f &MdSuon/f q&may;onahf q;rmS a&m*gouof mapon/f vel mtouaf oq;kH &jci;f rmS uMHurm® ukd rweG ;f veS Ef ikd íf jzpof n[f k ,ql on/f vel m pruse;f rmpOuf o\\l uMHurm® tq;kd taumi;f udk vlwdkif;rodMu/ vlemaoqHk;onfhtcgusrSomvQif xdkol\\ Mur®mtvGefqdk;aeaMumif; cGJjcm;odcGifh&Muonf/ Murm® q;kd onf xokd \\l twwd bf 0q;kd araG Mumihf jzp&f on/f aq;q&mEiS hf v;kH 0ywof ujfci;f r&[dS k vucf xH m;Mu on/f voYl bm0twikd ;f aq;q&mwpOf ;D O;D tay:wiG f ¤i;f \\uok ruI kd tm;r&ojzihf tjcm;wpaf ,muaf ,muuf kd ajymif;vJí tukcHrIrsKd;&Sdygonf/ odkYaomf q&mtay:wGif tm;udk;rIuawmhrl avsmhroGm;ay/ aq;0g;uok rtI wuG f aiaG Mu;jzihf ueaf wmMhuon/f tm;v;kH em;vnxf m;onthf csurf mS aq;q&muikd f poJG nhf aq;0g;rsm;onf aps;r0S ,,f ol ;kH p&JG on[f k vucf eH m;vnxf m;Muon/f ueO;D ajc<uctjzpf aiaG Mu;ukd q&mvma&muof nhf yxrtacguwf iG yf if ay;ur;f xm;wwMfuon/f vel mtm; &u&f nS uf ok &rnthf csed rf sK;d wiG f rrd &d vdS Qi&f odS vkd wjzn;f jzn;f ay;ur;f omG ;av&h MdSuon/f vel maoq;kH omG ;onthf cg aq;q&mu rrd ad q;uck rS wcsKdUw0ufudk jyefí ay;vSLoGm;Muavonf/ aq;q&mwpfOD; yifhNyD;onfhtcg ,if;q&monf vlemudk ¤if;wpfOD;wnf;rS wm0efcHí uko&onf/ tjcm;q&mwpfOD;udk wNydKifeuf ac:xm;½dk;xHk;pHr&Sd/ ¤if;cGifhjyKrSom ac:cGifh&Sdavonf/ tcef; (26) aoqHk;jcif; yt;kd rsm;\\ vbYl 0EiS yhf wof uíf ar;G zmG ;vmjci;f EiS hf aoq;kH jci;f tay: oabmxm;c,H cl surf mS A'k t¨ ,0l g' EiS hf E;DS E,G af eavon/f t&m&monf tewoå abmw&m;om jzpof n/f vol w0å gwYkd tou&f iS af exikd Ef ikd jfci;f rmS u,kd cf Em¨ ? cpH m;csu?f tm½ckH pH m;r?I pwd Ef iS hf towd &m;-ponhf tcsuif g;csutf ay:wiG f wn&f adS eon/f A'k t¨ ,tl q t& ,if;tcsufig;csufonf wb0ESifh wb0 tul;tajymif;wGif yg&SdoGm;wwfMuonf[kqdkonf/ vl\\vdyfjymonf vl\\0dnmOftwGif;odkY rnfodkYrnfyHk a&muf&Sdvmonfudk rnfolrQ &Sif;vif;rjyEdkifcJhyg/ uav;i,wf pOf ;D ar;G zmG ;vmonEf iS whf NyKdief uf o0Yl nd mOwf iG f vyd jfymcukd yvf mNy/D ¤i;f \\touuf kd &iS of eaf p&ef touqf uaf y;omG ;on[f k qMkduon/f þMoumoavmuwiG f jyevYf iG ahf eon0hf nd mOof nf tew&å adS eon/f ¤i;f woYkd nf uav;rsm; ar;G zmG ;vmrnuf kd t&oH ihf apmiqhf ikd ;f aeMuon/f tqykd g 0nd mOrf sm;onf tjcm;r[wk ?f a&;S tpOtf quf b;kd ab;bbD irf sm;\\ 0nd mOrf sm;om jzpMfuon/f xaYkd Mumivhf n;f uav;rsm; ar;G zmG ;onthf cg tewå= rl&if; ]]ter®wå}}&Sdaeonf/

182 uav;i,f\\ udk,fcE¨mwGif rnfonfh trSwftom;rsm; ygvmonfudk plprf;avhvm &SmazGavh&SdMuonf/ uav;wiG f u,G vf eG Nfy;D ol om;csi;f wpOf ;D wiG &f odS nhf trwS tf om;rsK;d wpcf ck yk g&ydS gu v0l ipf m;on[f k rwS ,f vl ukd Mfuon/f trwS tf om;jzihf ,i;f ,ql csuof nf ,wk ,då wk må r&adS cs/ rnof nthf aMumi;f tcsuaf Mumihf v0l ipf m;jzpvf mon[f ol nhf tcsuuf vkd n;f rnof rl Q p;l pr;f rrI jyKMuacs/ ,i;f t,tl qonf A'k r¨ ay:rD acwOf ;D umv\\ tawG;tac:a[mif;rsm; jzpfzdkYrsm;onf/ uav;rsm; ar;G zmG ;Ny;D onEf iS whf NyKdief uf uav;wiG f 0iaf &mucf ukd yvf monhf vyd jfym0nd mOuf kd aysmuvf iG hf romG ;atmif *½pk ukd af v&h MdSuon/f uav;uiyf eG ;f wyrf nahf erY wirf D wpaf etY xd uav;\\ vyd jfym u,kd wf ikd NfrJ rnf rNrJrnfudk a0cGJqHk;jzwfí r&ao;acs/ vwl pOf ;D aoq;kH omG ;onthf cg vyd jfymcgG omG ;cNhJy;D rnof nthf cgwiG rf S jyerf vmawm[h k ,MkHunMfuon/f vlwpfOD;wpfa,muf arhajrmí aoi,faZmESifh jzpfaeygu ¤if;\\vdyfjymudk,frS cPcGgxGufoGm;onf[k rSwf,l Muon/f vwl pOf ;D wpaf ,muf EpS Ef pS NfcKduNfcKdutf yd af ysmaf eonthf cg ¤i;f tm; tvewYf Mum;jzpaf tmif E;kd avrh &MdSu acs/ ,ifodkYvkyfjcif;jzifh vdyfjymvGifhoGm;wwfonf[k ajymMuonf/ touf½SL&yfí aoG;tckef &yfoGm;onfhtcg ol\\vdyfjymudk,frS tNyD;wdkifoGm;onf[k ,HkMunfMuavonf/ aojci;f w&m; utH ptD rH wp&f ytf jzpf ,ql Muon/f aoi,af Zmjzihf ajrmaepOuf mvwiG f A'k \\¨ tq;kH trjzpfonfh rwnfNrJonfh tewåoabmudk ½Ijrifae&rnf[k qdkonf/ þodkY 0rf;enf;jcif;pdwftpGJ aysmufrnf/ usifvnfcHpm;ae&onfh 'ku©w&m;wdkYrS Nidrf;at;vGwfajrmufjcif;tjzpfodkY a&mufrnf[k qdkonf/ rdom;pkwdkYu uG,fvGefoltwGuf aumif;rIukodkvfjyKvkyfay;jcif;jzifh xdkolrSm tyg,fwHcg;ydwfvsuf edAÁmefwHcg; zGifhEdkifrnf[k ,MkHunxf m;Muon/f þtcsurf sm;onf yt;kd rsm;\\ aojci;f w&m;tay: ½jIriof ;kH oycf ,H cl surf sm;yif jzpaf yon/f aq;q&mrsm;onf vel maoq;kH awmrh nuf kd o&d ydS gu trd of m;rsm;tm; txed ;f trwS jfzihf jyav&h odS n/f ,if;txdef;trSwfudk vlemudk,fwdkifvnf; awGU&Sdodjrifonfhtcg bk&m;w&m;udk BudK;pm;tm½HkjyKavh&SdMuonf/ rwd af qEG iS hf om;csi;f rsm;u vel m\\ab;wiG f at;aq;wnNfird pf mG xikd &f i;f touuf ek of mG ;onuf kd apmiMhfunahf e wwMfuon/f xm0&ccJG gG &awmrh nthf wuG f tcsi;f csi;f EwI qf uaf jymqikd Mfuonhf tpOtf vm\"avrh &adS y/ wcg w&H vlemtaoajzmifhap7eftwGuf teD;&Sdvlrsm;u bk&m;pmw&m;pmrsm; &Gwfzwfjcif;trI jyKay;Muonf/ tx;l ojzihf toutf &,G if ,&f ,G íf aori;f ukd &irf qikd &f oJ nhf vuP© mrsK;d &adS eygu om;csi;f wpOf ;D onf trd tf jyif tarmS ixf oJ Ykd xuG íf vLS z,G yf pnö ;f jzihf 0nd mOuf kd jyeaf c:av&h odS n/f ,i;f ovYkd yk pf Oüf vLS z,G yf pnö ;f ukd tdwfwpfvHk;wGif xnfhxm;&onf/ wpfBudrfwGif wcgom ac:&onf/ ,if;odkYac:í 0dnmOfonf tdwfwGif;odkY jyecf 0kd ivf mon[f k ,ql Ny;D ygu twd uf ykd wd vf ukd &f on/f Ny;D aemuf aetrd wf iG ;f oYkd jye0f ivf mvsuf vel m\\te;D wiG f twd uf zkd iG vhf ukd &f on/f tjcm;om;csi;f rsm;u vel mtm; 0nd mOjfyeaf &muvf mNyjDzpíf tpm;tpmwuYkd kd pm;aomu&f ef wukd wf eG ;f av&h MdSuon/f ,i;f ojYkdyKvyk af omvf n;f x;l jcm;w;kd wurf vmonthf cg rsuvf ;kH rsm;ukd ziG íhf Munohf n/f ao;G w;kd rw;kd ukd pr;f íMunohf n/f aoq;kH omG ;aMumi;f aocsmomG ;onthf cg rod m;prk sm;onf y&ad '0r;D awmuaf vmirf jIzihf iakd <u; Muawmhonf/ uav;rsm; aoqHk;onfhtcg rdcifonf wufoGm;wwfojzifh om;csif;rsm;u xdef;xm;Mu&onf/ vqe;f (14)&u?f vjynahf e?Y vqe;f (1)&uaf erY sm;wiG f aoq;kH ygu csucf si;f oN*KØ[&f on/f tcr;f tem; jzihf oN*KØ[cf iG rf jyK/ tavmi;f ukd zsmjziyhf wíf ocsKØi;f ooYkd ,af qmijfrK§yEf &HS avon/f tjcm;aerY sm;wiG f aoq;kH ol jzpyf gu trd of m;rsm;\\ aiaG Mu;jynphf rkH aI y:rwl nNfy;D EpS of uof vkd oN*KØ[cf iG &hf adS von/f &yaf 0;aeom;csi;f aqrG sK;d uvkd n;f taMumi;f Mum;av&h MdSuon/f oN*KØ[rf nahf e&Y uuf kd owrf wS &f mwiG f &yaf 0;aeom;csi;f rsm; a&muEf ikd rf nhf aeYudk csdefqowfrSwfavh&SdMuonf/ u,G vf eG of tl wuG f y&ad '0r;D awmuavmiaf eorl sm;rmS vn;f quvf uif akd <u;aecsed rf &bJ tobk tcr;f tem;twuG f jyiqf irf rI sm;ukd jyKvyk &f awmoh n/f om;csi;f rsm;u tavmi;f tm; a&csK;d ay;Ny;D aemuf t0wtf pm; vvJ ,S af y;Mu&on/f a,musfm;tavmi;f EiS hf touf (10)EpS tf xuf uav;rsm;\\ tavmi;f ukd a&csK;d ay;&on/f red ;f rrsm;u red ;f rEiS hf uav;rsm;\\ tavmi;f ukd a&csK;d ay;&on/f a&csK;d ay;onthf csed wf iG f ajcrukd csK;d csxm;&Ny;D ESpfckudk yl;ícsnfxm;&onf/ yg;pyfwGif;odkYvnf; rwfaphudk xnfhxm;NyD; yg;pyfudk aphaeatmif ydwfxm;&onf/

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200 Muon/f xtkd cg aus;&mG om;rsm;onf bek ;f Bu;D wyg;yg;tm;yiíhf ausmi;f xikd af pav&h adS von/f aus;&mG bek ;f Bu;D ausmif;rsm;wGif bkef;BuD;r&SdbJ rxm;tyf[k ,lqxm;wwfMuonf/ ausmi;f rsm;wiG f qckd ohJ nthf wikd ;f aA;G AeG ?f O;D yÍiÆ ;f ? u&kd iEf iS hf ausmi;f om;rsm;tjyif tjcm;orl sm; r&MdSuacs/ ausmi;f om;av;rsm;onf b&k m;upd ?ö ausmi;f upd ?ö oCH mupd tö 00ukd ¤i;f wuYkd yif atmuaf jcord ;f vyk uf ikd Mfu& avon/f ewuf ;kd u,G rf uI @wiG f tzUJG tpn;f rsm;? uRr;f usiof rl sm;[íl txitf &mS ;r&adS y/ ,i;f upd Eö iS hf tuRr;f w0if &odS rl sm;rmS (q&mwp)D Aad Em¨ q&mrsm;om jzpMfuon/f wpEf pS wf pcf g aus;&mG rsm;ü ewyf al Zmyf JG usi;f yavh &&dS m bek ;f Bu;D rsm;uaomvf n;f aumi;f ? aus;&mG &dS ewqf ikd &f m tzUJG tpn;f rsm;uaomvf n;f aumi;f O;D aqmiuf si;f y jcif;rsKd;r[kwfbJ aus;&Gm&Sd tBuD;tuJrsm;uom OD;aqmifusif;yjcif;rsKd;jzpfavonf/ ewfrsm;ESifhywfoufonfh jyKzG,fudpöt00udk &Gmom;rsm; wpfOD;csif;u rdrdwdkYudk,fydkif yooGm;avh&SdMuavonf/ aus;&mG rsm;wiG f ewEf iS yhf wof uof nhf tjcm;uRr;f usiof wl pOf ;D rmS ewuf awmjfzpaf von/f jrerf mjynrf wiG f ewuf awmrf sm;onf ew0f iyf ;l orQ ar;jre;f orl sm;ukd ajzMum;av&h MdSuavon/f vrl sm;onf ew0f iof nrf sm; ukd ewaf r;Muon/f ew0f iof nrf sm;onf ew½f yk rf sm;a&US wiG f qikd ;f 0ikd ;f Bu;D jzihf ucek Mfuon/f yt;kd rsm;wiG rf l ,i;f jrefrmrsm;\"avhudk vdkufemjcif;r&SdbJ yumoeuif;onfh ewfyGJrsm;udkom usif;yavh&Sdavonf/ red ;f rrsm;wiG f tb,af Mumihf ewyf ;l wwof nuf kd em;vn&f ef cucf vJ oS n/f avvh mcsurf sm;t& ¤i;f \\ ciyf eG ;f u,G vf eG of mG ;onthf cg xrkd ed ;f rtm; awmaf umuof n[f k owrf wS Mfuon/f xrkd ed ;f ruvn;f rrd \\d omG ;av oltm; ewfrSwqifh pHkprf;onf/ ar;jref;Muonf/ aool\\toHudk Mum;&onfr[kwfaomfvnf; aool\\ajym pum;[qk ukd m ar;jre;f orQukd tvukd of ithf vsm;oihf ajzMum;av&h MdSuon/f a&US jzpuf vkd n;f a[mMum;av&h odS n/f trsm;tm;jzihf aus;&mG rsm;wiG f ewuf awmrf sm;onf tjcm;orl sm;en;f wyl if touaf r;G 0r;f aMumi;f truI kd jyKMu&avon/f ¤i;f tm; ar;jre;f orl sm; a&muvf monthf cg ¤i;f u &ucf sed ;f ay;av&h MdSuon/f ar;jre;f rnohf ol nf p&tH jzpf ig;r;l ay;xm;c&hJ on/f csed ;f onahf ewY iG rf l ar;jre;f vmo\\l ar;jre;f orQukd em;axmivf suf ¤i;f u,kd wf ikd f ew½f yk af &US wiG xf ikd Nfy;D *gxmrEeÅ rf sm; &wG qf akd eav&h adS von/f ¤i;f onf ew½f yk af &US wiG f ';l axmuxf ikd vf suf vuf tyk cf sxD m;&on/f ¤i;f \\rsuEf mS onf ew½f yk uf kd rsuEf mS rxl m;Ny;D ar;jre;f vmotl m; aMumay;xm;&on/f ar;jre;f csurf sm;ukd ajzMum;pOüf vn;f rsuEf mS vnvhf mavrh &/dS ar;jre;f orl sm;uvn;f ew0f iof n\\f rsuEf mS ukd rMun&hf J Muacs/ ,i;f oYkd ewaf r;jci;f ukd aus;&mG ewpf if a&US wiG vf n;f aumi;f ? aetrd &f dS ewpf iaf &US wiG vf n;f aumi;f jyKvyk f avh&SdMuavonf/ ewfar;onfhtcg tjcm;olrsm;vnf; vma&mufMunfh½IEdkifonf/ ewfar;jref;vdkolwdkif;onf ewuf awmaf &US wiG cf sxm;onhf zvm;wiG ;f oYkd ta<uig;r;l xnNhfy;D ar;jre;f Eikd Mfuavon/f uREykf af vvh mrod avmuf ewuf awmrf sm;onf red ;f rrsmom jzpMfuavon/f þa'ou wpcf vk ;kH wiG f ewuf awmof ;kH O;D om&&dS m ,i;f ewf uawmrf sm;onf e;D py&f m&mG rsm; zwd af c:onthf cg vukd íf a[majymav&h MdSuavon/f ¤i;f w\\Ykd touaf r;G rrI mS tjcm;red ;f rrsm;en;f wyl if trd 0f i;f twiG ;f o;D EyHS irf sm; pukd yf sK;d Mu&avon/f þa'owiG f ew0f iof nf a,musfm; wpfOD;rS r&Sday/ aus;&mG bek ;f Bu;D ausmi;f rsm;onf A'k b¨ mom0iwf ikd ;f omG ;vm0ixf uG f qn;f uyuf ;kd u,G cf iG hf &MdSuavon/f oaYkd omf ausmi;f \\a0,sm0ptö wuG rf l aus;&mG &dS wwEf ikd of wl pOf ;D wpaf ,mu?f orYkd [wk f tzUJG tpn;f wp&f y&f yuf aqmi&f uG yf yhH ;kd ay;avon/f tx;l ojzihf &mG vBlu;D rsm;onf b&k m;r?I ausmi;f rI aqmi&f uG &f mwiG f O;D aqmiOf ;D &uG f jyKMu&avonf/ aiGaMu;wwfEdkifí ausmif;rI? bk&m;rIudpörsm;wGif wpfOD;csif;? wpfa,mufcsif; ulnDvSL'gef;Edkif orl sm;rmS b&k m;wum? ausmi;f wumbUJG &&vdS mcMhJuavon/f ,i;f y*k Kd¾vrf sm;onf b&k m;ausmi;f w\\Ykd a*gyursm; tvdkvdkjzpfvmNyD; bk&m;rI? ausmif;rIrsm;twGuf ¤if;wdkYuyif uruxjyKvsuf tvSLaiGaumufcHavh&SdMuonf/ taumufcH&&SdaiGudk t&if;tESD;wpfckwGif jr§KyfESHí wdk;yGm;atmif aqmif&Gufxm;avhr&Sdacs/ þa'owGif ewfudk;uG,frI a&maxG;aeonfh Ak'¨bmomtjyif tjcm;udk;uG,frIrSm c&pfbmomjzpfav onf/ þa'owGif c&pf,mefausmif; oHk;ausmif;&Sdavonf/ c&pf,mefbmom0if (250)OD;rQ&Sdavonf/ ,if; c&pf,mefbmom0ifrsm;udk z,fvdkufvQif ytdk;rsm;onf ADZuyif Ak'¨bmom0ifrsm;jzpfaMumif; 0efcH&ayrnf/