Mooladhanam Matham- Full Book

Fw.-_n. cmtPjv ]me-°mSv Pn√-bn¬ Ibn-en-bm´v amº‰ ho´n¬ _me-Ir-jvW≥ \\mb-cp-tSbpw Fw.- sI. ca-Wn-bp-tSbpw aqØ-a-I-\\mbn P\\n-®p. Ibn-en-bmSv sI.-hn. bp.]n. kvIqƒ, Nf- hd lb¿sk-°-≠dn kvIqƒ, H‰-∏mew F≥.-F-kv.-Fkv tImtf-Pv, Xncp-h-\\-¥-]pcw tem A°m-Zan F∂n-hn-S-ß-fn-embn hnZym-`ymkw ]q¿Øn-bm-°n. kmº-Øn-I-im- kv{X-Øn¬ _ncp-Zm-\\-¥-c-_n-c-Zphpw \\nb-a-_n-cp-Zhpw t\\Sn-bn-´p-≠v. Fkv.-F-^v.-sF- bpsS kwÿm\\ sk{I-´-dn, AJn-te¥ym tPmbn‚ v sk{I-´-dn, Un.-ssh.-F-^v.sF kwÿm\\ {]kn-U- ‚ v F∂o Npa-X-e-Iƒ hln-®n-´p-≠v. Ct∏mƒ Un.-ssh.-F-^v.sF AJn-te¥ym tPmbn‚ v sk{I-´-dn. hnZym¿∞n-˛-bp-h-P\\ {]t£m-`-ß-fn¬ ]s¶-SpØv \\nc-h-[n-X-hW sImSn-b-a¿±-\\-ßfpw Pbn¬hm-khpw A\\p-`-hn-®p. Ct∏mƒ temIvk- `-bn¬ ]me-°mSv afi-esØ {]Xn-\\n-[o-I-cn-°p-∂p. c≠p-h¿j-Øn-\\Iw Xs∂ C¥y- bnse G‰hpw anI® bph Fw.-]n-am-cn-sem-cm-fmbn \"Zn ho°v' hmcnI sXcs-s™-Sp- Øp. Cw•≠nse tImsh≥{Sn k¿∆-I-em-im-e-bpsS _nkn-\\ v kvIqfns‚ 2011-˛se t\\XrXz {]`m-jW ]c-º-c-bn¬ ]s¶-SpØv {]_‘w Ah-X-cn-∏n-®n-´p-≠v. B\\p-Im- en-I-ß-fn¬ ]Xn-hmbn Fgp-Xp-∂p. `mcy˛ \\n\\nX. c≠p-Ip-´n-Iƒ.

Fw.-_n. cmtP-jns‚ IrXn-Iƒ Ncn{Xw Ahsc Ip‰-°m-sc∂v hn[n°pw hncp-≤-tem-I-߃ BtKmf kmº-ØnI {]Xn-k-‘n-bpsS am\\-߃ aqe-[\\w aXw cm{„obw

Fw.-_n. cmtPjv aqe-[\\w aXw cm{„obw teJ-\\-߃ hne: 230.00 lcnXw _pIvkv Xncp-h-\\-¥-]pcw $ Fd-Wm-Ipfw $ ]me-°mSv tImgn-t°mSv $ Xe-t»cn $ IÆq¿ $ Im™ßmSv Hcp Xmbm´v ]ªn-t°-j≥ kwcw`w

Malayalam (Indian) Mooladhanam Matham Rashtreeyam Essays by M.B. Rajesh First Published: Feb. 2012 Copies: 1000 1322nd book of Haritham 1640th book of Thayat Publications Reserved All Rights reserved. No Part of this Publication may be reproduced. Stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form, or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photo copying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publishers. Published by Haritham Books, 'Pride', 1/ 3794 A, East Hill Road, Chakkorathukulam, Eranhipalam P.O, Calicut-6, Kerala, Phone: 9539064489 Branches: Trivandrum z Ernakulam z Palakkad z Calicut Thalassery z Kannur z Kanhangad Cover Design Ragesh. P Layout Praseetha Cover Printing A-one Offset, Calicut Inner Printing Chinnu's, Calicut Price: Rupees Two Hundred & Thirty only

\\ΩpsS bph t\\Xm°- f- n¬ {it≤b- \\- mWv Fw._- n. cmtPj- v. \\nc- h[n cm{„ob t]mcm´- ß- f- ne- qs- S, Pbn¬Poh- nX- Ø- ne- qs- S, t]meok- ns‚ _q´n\\pw emØnb- v°panS- bne- qsS aeb- mf- nbpsS s]mXpP- oh- nX- Ø- n¬ i‡a- mb CSs- ]S- e- pI- ƒ \\SØ- ph- m≥ cmtPj- n\\p Ign™- n´- p≠- .v sSen- hn-j≥ N¿®-I-fn-em-sW-¶nepw {]kw-K-ß-fn-em-sW-¶nepw Fgp-Øn- ems- W¶- nepw cmtPjv ImWn°- p∂ Ah[- m\\- X- b- pw Bib hy‡X- bpw cm{„ob FXn-cm-fn-I-fn¬t]mepw _lp-am\\w DW¿Øpw. Npcp- ßnbImew sIm≠p-Xs∂ ]m¿en-sa‚dn {]h¿Ø-\\-ßfn¬ Xnf- ßm≥ cmtP-jn\\p Ign-™p. cmtPj- ns‚ \\mema- sØ ]pkXv I- a- mWv \"aqe[- \\w aXw cm{„obw.' cmtPj- nt- \\mSv tbmPn®pw hntbmP- n®pw hmb\\ apt∂m´- pt- ]mI- pt- ºmƒ, F{Xt- Ømfw bp‡n`- {- Za- mb- mWv kz¥w \\ne]- mS- pI- ƒ cmtPjv hni- Zo-I-cn-°p-∂-Xv F∂ Imcyw hmb-\\-°m-cs‚ {i≤-bn¬]-Xn-bpw. cm{„ob˛ kmaq-lnI {]h¿Ø-\\-ß-tfm-sSm∏w Fgp-Øns‚ ]mX-bn- eqsS C\\nbpw Gsd°- mew k©c- n°- m≥ cmtPj- n\\p Ignb- s- ´. a‰p {]h¿Ø-\\-ßtf°mƒ £c-an-√m-Ø-XmWv A£cw F∂v cmtPj- ns\\ Hm¿Ωn∏- n°- m≥ Cu Ahk- cw D]t- bmK- n°- p∂- p; Ignb- p- ∂{X kabw CXn\\- mbn am‰ns- h°pw F∂v Bin°- p∂- p. {]Xm]≥ Xmbm´v

a\\p-jy-tam-N-\\-Øn-\\mbn c‡-km-£n-Xzw-h-cn® tbip-{In-kvXp-hn\\pw sNKp-th-c-bv°pw...

D≈S- °w `mKw H∂v 13 hmƒkv{So-‰nse `qIºw 26 hn°ne- oIvkv Atac- n° {]Xn°- q´- n¬ 31 BWh- I- c- m¿ AYhm IogS- ß- e- ns‚ DSº- Sn 43 H_ma- b- psS C¥ymk- µ- ¿i\\w 52 Agna- X- nb- psS A¿∞i- mkv{Xw 64 DZmc- h- ¬°c- W- I- me- sØCSX- p]- £ _Z¬- 73 _P‰v: hn]W- nb- psS BtLmj- a- mI- pt- ºmƒ `mKw c≠v 85 aXhpw am¿Ivknk- hpw 94 awKe- m]- pcØv hnS¿∂ hnjØ- ma- c 102 Xmen_- m\\pw kwL]- c- nh- mdpw 107 `oIc- X- b- psS lnµpX- za- pJw 112 hcq,- ap-kn-cn- nse c‡w ImWq... 120 aX-an-√mØ Poh≥ `mKw aq∂v 128 c≠mw Kpcp-hm-bq¿ kXym-{Klw 132 {]XoI- ß- f- psS cmjv{Sob {]tbmK- hpw Nne hnXfi- h- mZ- ß- fpw

137 cmjv{Sob hna¿i-\\-Øns‚ ss]¶n-fn-h¬°-cWw 143 Hcp ap≥ \\Ivk-sse-‰ns‚ {]Xy-b-imkv{X hn{`m-¥n-Iƒ 155 kz`mh- l- X- yb- psS cm{„obw 160 kn.]- n.sF (Fw)Dw h¿§- ˛- _- l- pP- \\- - kwL- S- \\- I- fpw 166 acWw sXcs- ™S- p°- m\\- p≈ kzmX{¥yw 170 acw \\Sp∂- Xnse km{amP- yX- zh- nc- p≤- X 174 kwhc- W- Ø- ns‚ kwL¿jt- aJ- e `mKw \\mev 184 Hm.F- ≥.hn: IhnX- b- psS \\nXyh- k- ¥- w- 188 \\\\b- mØ hnπh- P- zme

`mKw H∂v

12 aqe-[\\w aXw cm{„obw Fw.-_n. cmtPjv

13Fw.-_n. cmtPjv aqe-[\\w aXw cm{„obw hmƒkv{So-‰nse `qIºw H∂v \"We must insulate main street from wall street'' Ata-cn-°sb ]nSn®p Ipep-°nb kmº-ØnI XI¿®-sb°p-dn®v A∂sØ tIm ¨{Kk- ns‚ kv]o°¿ \\m≥kn s]temk- nb- psS {]XnI- c- W- a- mW- nX- v. hmƒkv{So‰v Ata-cn-°≥ kmº-ØnI LS-\\-bpsS kncm-tI-{µ-am- Wv. hmƒkv{So‰nse Htcm Ne-\\hpw Ata-cn-°≥ kº-ZvL-S-\\-bn¬ A\\pc- W- \\ß- fp≠- m°- pw. Atac- n° temI apXe- mf- nØ- Ø- ns‚ \\mb- I≥ F∂ \\neb- n¬ hmƒkv{So‰- nse Ne\\- ß- f- psS {]XymL- mX- ß- ƒ AhnsS am{X-a√ temI-ØmsI A\\p-`-h-s∏-Spw. ]n∂n´ BgvN hmƒkv{So-‰n¬ kw`-hn-®Xv Hcp `qIºw Xs∂-bm-bn-cp-∂p. C¥ym alm-k-ap-{Z-Øn-ep-≠mb Hcp `qIºw temI-Øns‚ hnZq-c-ÿ-amb taJ-e-I-fn¬t]mepw kp\\manØnc-I-fmbn hn\\miw kr„n-®-Xn\\v kam-\\-am-Wn-Xpw. hmƒkv{So‰v {]`-h-tI-{µ-am-bn-´p≈ Cu `qIºw temI-ØmsI kr„n-°m≥ t]mIp∂ kmº-ØnI kp\\man F{X- tØmfw hn\\m-i-I-c-am-Ip-sa∂v a\\- n-em-°m≥ C\\nbpw ka-b-sa-Sp- °pw. F¥mb- mepw hmƒk{v So‰- nse XI¿®b- psS {]Iº- \\- ß- ƒ C¥y- bpƒs∏sS F√mb- nS- Øpw A\\p`- h- s- ∏Spw F∂X- n¬ kwib- a- n√- . Atac- n°- b- nse Ct∏mg- sØ kw`h- h- nI- mk- ß- ƒ s]s´s- ∂mc- pZ- n- hkw D≠m-b-X-√. GXm≠v Hcp sIm√-ambn XpS¿∂p-h-cp∂ `h-\\- hmbv]m {]Xnk- ‘- nb- psS kvt^mS\\- mfl- I- a- mb Hcp ]cnW- Xn Bbn-

14 aqe-[\\w aXw cm{„obw Fw.-_n. cmtPjv cp∂p Ign™ BgvN D≠m-b-Xv. Ata-cn-°≥ s^U-d¬ dnk¿hv t_m¿Uns‚ sNb¿am-\\m-bn-cp∂ Ae≥ {Ko≥ kv]m\\ns‚ ImeØv XpS°w Ipdn® A\\n-b-{¥n-Xhpw hnth-N\\ cln-X-hp-amb hmbv]m \\S]- S- nI- f- mWv Ct∏mg- sØ {]Xnk- ‘- n°v apJyI- mc- Ww F∂ hmZw i‡-am-Wv. dnb¬ FtÉv cwKsØ Dul-°-®-h-S-Ønse A\\¥ km[yX- I- fpw hºn® em`hpw e£ya- m°- ns- °m≠- mWv {Ko≥kv]m≥ Ipd™ ]eni- bv°v DZmc- a- mb hmbv]Iƒ \\¬Im≥ _m¶pIsfbpw [\\I- mcy ÿm]\\- ß- t- fbpw t{]m’mln∏- n®- X- v. CXmI- s´ [\\h- n]- - Wnb- nepw AXnc- pI- f- n√- mØ Dul°- ®- h- S- Ø- n\\- nS- b- m°- n. DZmc- a- mbn `-h\\ hmbv]-Iƒ sImSp-Øp-Xp-S-ßnb ]Wb _m¶p-Iƒ hmbv] sImSp-°m-\\p≈ ]W-Øn-\\mbn \\nt£] _m¶p-Isf (Investment Bank) h≥tXmXn¬ B{i-bn-®p. \\nt£] _m¶p-I-fm-Is´ h≥tXm- Xn-ep≈ hmbv]-Isf apgp-h≥ t_m-≠p-I-fm°n hn]-Wn-bn-en-d- -°n. temI-Øm-sI-bp≈ _m¶p-Iƒ, C≥jp-^-d≥kv ÿm]-\\-߃, a‰p [\\I- mcy ÿm]\\- ß- ƒ F∂nh Cu t_m≠pI- f- n¬ `oaa- mbn ]Ww \\nt£]n-®p. Cu NqXm-´-Øn¬ hmbv] hmßn-bhcpambn \\nt£] _m¶pI- ƒ t\\cn´v _‘a- n√ F∂X- mW- v hkXv pX- . BcmWv bYm¿∞- Øn¬ hmbv] hmßnb- nc- n°- p∂Xv F∂pw Ahc- psS hnizmk- yX- bpw Xncn-®dn-hns‚ tijnbpw F{X-am-{X-ap≠v F∂pw \\nt£] _m¶p- Iƒ°v t\\cn´- d- nb- n√- . `h\\- h- mb- v]I- f- psS Xncn®- S- hv hym]I- a- mbn apS- ßpI- bpw dnb¬ FtÉv hneI- ƒ XIc- pI- bpw sNbXv t- XmsS hmb]v \\¬Inb ]W-b-_m-¶p-Iƒ s]mfn-™p. ]W-b-_m-¶p-I-fpsS {]Xn- k‘n \\nt£] _m¶p-I-sfbpw IS-∏-{X-ß-fn¬ ]Ww apS-°nb ÿm]\\- ß- s- fb- ps- a√mw _m[n°- pI- bpw sNbvXp. `h\\- h- mb- v]I- t- fbpw dnb¬ FtÉv taJe- I- s- fbpw tI{µoI- c- n®v i‡n-s∏´ Dul-°-®-h-S-Øn¬ [\\-hn-]-Wn-bn¬ ]pXnb [\\ DXv]- ∂-߃ (Derivatives) hym]-I-ambn D]-tbm-Kn-°-s∏-Sp-I-bp-≠m-bn. CØ-c-Øn-ep≈ k¶o¿Æ-amb Hcp [\\ D¬∏-∂-amWv s{IUn‰v Un^mƒ´v kzm∏v (Credit Defalut Swap) AYhm kn Un Fkv. XI¿®- bn¬ \\n∂v c£n°- m≥ bp Fkv `cW- I- qSw Gs‰S- pØ C≥jpd- ≥kv `oI-c-\\mb F.sF.Pn.kn.Un.Fkv [\\-D¬∏-∂-ßfpsS hn]-W\\ cwKsØ {]apJ ÿm]-\\-am-bn-cp-∂p. am{X-a-√, Chbv°v F sF Pn C≥jpd≥kv ]cn-c-£bpw G¿s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cp-∂p. F sF PnbpsS

15Fw.-_n. cmtPjv aqe-[\\w aXw cm{„obw XI¿®bv°v {][m\\- I- mc- Ww CXmb- nc- p∂- p. F¥mWv kn Un Fkv ? IS∏- {- Xß- f- psS dnkvIv ssIam‰w sNøp∂ Hcp D¬∏∂- a- mW- nX- v. IS- ∏{- Xß- f- nt- ∑e- p≈ Hcp XcØ- ne- p≈ C≥jpd- ≥kmW- ns- X∂v ]db- mw. AXmb- Xv Hcp Iº\\- nb- psS IS∏- {- Xß- ƒ°v Kymc≠n \\¬Ip∂ kn Un Fkv thsdmcp [\\-Imcyÿm]\\w hn]-Wn-bn-en-d-°p-∂p. IS-∏- {X-ß-fn¬ ]Ww \\nt£-]n® aq∂m-asØ ÿm]-\\-Øn\\v IS-∏{Xw hn]-Wn-bn-en-d-°nb Iº\\n s]mfn-™mepw kn Un Fkv hmßn-bn- ´ps- ≠¶- n¬ ]Ww \\„s- ∏S- n√- . kn Un Fkv hn]W- nb- ne- nd- °- nb [\\- Imcy ÿm]-\\-Øn¬\\n∂v s]mfn™ Iº-\\n-bpsS IS-∏-{X-ß-fn¬ apS-°nb ]Ww CuSm-°m≥ Ah-Imiw D≠m-bn-cn-°pw. Cßs\\ [- \\h- n]- W- nb- nse \\qX\\- hpw k¶o¿Æhpw Bb D¬∏∂- ß- ƒ D]t- bm- Kn®v \\SØ- p∂ e°n√- mØ- Xpw IÆnI- f- mbn ]S¿∂pI- nS- °- p∂- X- pa- mb NqXm´- a- mWv [\\a- qe- [- \\- Ø- m¬ \\bn°- s- ∏S- p∂ BtKmf- h- ¬°c- W {]{In-b-bpsS apJ-ap{Z. Cu NqXm-´-Øn-\\n-S-bn¬ Hcp IÆn XIcp- tºmƒ as‰√mw XI-cp-Ibpw [\\-hn-]-Wn-sbbpw kºZvL-S-\\sb BsIbpw AXv ]nSn®- pe- b- v°pI- bpw Duln°- m≥ Ignb- mØ {]Xym- LmX- ß- ƒ°v CSb- m°- pI- bpw sNøp∂- p. Atac- n°- b- nse [\\I- mc- yÿ- m]- \\- ß- f- psS H∂n\\- p]- pd- sI as‰m∂v F∂ \\neb- ne- p≈ A`qX- ]- q¿∆a- mb XI¿®b- psS ]›mØ- ew CXm- Wv. XI¿®-bpsS Bghpw hym]vXn-bp-am-Is´ Akm-[m-c-W-hp-am-Wv. Hcp h¿jtØmf- a- mbn hjf- mbn h∂ `h\\- h- mbv]m {]Xnk- ‘n Hcp X-I¿®-bn-te°v \\bn-°p-∂-Xns‚ BZy-e-£-W-߃ I≠Xv GXm \\pw amkw apºm-bn-cp-∂p. s_b¿ tèkv F∂ [\\-Imcy ÿm]- \\Ø- ns‚ {]Xnk- ‘- nt- bms- Sb- mb- nc- p∂p XpS°- w. s_b¿tèkns\\ c£ns- ®S- p°- m≥ Atac- n°- ≥ `cW- I- qSw hn\\nt- bmK- n®- Xv GIt- Ziw* 25 _ney¨ (G-Xm≠v 120,000-tImSn cq]) tUmf-dm-bn-cp-∂p. (Nn-Zw- _cw Im¿jnI ISmi- zmk- Ø- n\\v \\o°ns- h°- ps- a∂- v ]d™- - XpIbpsS Cc-´n-hcpw Cu Hcp ÿm]-\\sØ c£n-°m-\\mbn _pjv `c-W-IqSw sNe-hn´ kwJy F∂v {]ikvX ]{X-{]-h¿Ø-I≥ ]n. kmbv\\mYv \\nco-£n-®Xv {it≤-b-am-Wv.) F∂m¬ AXv hcm-\\n-cn-°p∂ henb kw`h ]c-º-c-IfpsS tIfn-sIm´v am{X-am-bn-cp-∂p. Ata-cn-°-bnse * hn\\na- b- \\- nc- °- n¬ AXX- pI- me- Øv tUmfd- n\\- p≠- mb aqeyt- imj- W- sØ (hne- bn-Sn-hv) IqSn ]cn-K-Wn-°m≥ Xm¬]-cyw.

16 aqe-[\\w aXw cm{„obw Fw.-_n. cmtPjv {]apJ ]Wb hmbv]m ÿm]-\\-ß-fmb ^m\\n-ta-bp-sSbpw {^Õn am°n-s‚bpw XI¿®-tbmsS {]Xn-k‘n Ct∏m-gsØ cq£-amb ÿnXnb- nt- es- °Ø- n. Atac- n°- b- nse ]Wb- h- mb- v]b- psS apJy ]¶v Cu ÿm]-\\-߃°m-bn-cp-∂p. Ch-bpsS hmbv]-Iƒ°v bp Fkv Kh¨sa‚ns‚ Kymc≠n D≠m-bn-cp-∂-Xn-\\m¬ temIsØ {]ap-J- amb Ht´sd _m¶pI- ƒ Chb- psS IS∏- {- Xß- f- n¬ \\nt£]- n®- nc- p∂- p. C°m-c-W-߃ sIm≠p-Xs∂ Ata-cn-°≥ `c-W-IqSw Cu ÿm]- \\-ßsf c£n-s®-Sp-°m≥ cwK-Øn-d-ßn. CXn-\\mbn 200 _ney¨ tUmf¿ hsc sNe-h-gn-°m-\\p≈ ]≤-Xn-bmWv Xøm-dm-°n-bn-cn-°p- ∂X.v ^m\\nt- a°pw {^Õn ta°n\\pw sXm´p]- n∂- mse enam≥{_t- Z¿kv XI¿∂-t∏mƒ ]t£ Ata-cn-°≥ `c-W-IqSw CS-s]-´n-√.AXns\\ XpS¿∂v enam≥ ]m∏c- mbn {]Jym]- n°- m≥ tImSX- nb- n¬ l¿Pn \\¬Ip- I-bm-bncp∂p. Ata-cn-°-bnse Bdm-asØ henb [\\-Imcy ÿm]- \\a- mb- nc- p∂ enam\\v 158 h¿j- sØ ]mcº- c- ya- p≠- .v 1929˛- se alma- mµyw (Great Depression) F∂d- nb- s- ∏´ Ncn{- XØ- nse G‰hpw henb- {]Xn- k‘- ns- bt- ∏mepw AXnP- oh- n® ÿm]\\- a- mWv enam≥ Ft∂m¿°W- w. GI- t- Ziw \\ΩpsS 282000 tImSn cq]°p Xpeya- mb tUmfd- mb- nc- p∂p enams‚ \\„w. Ata-cn-°-bnepw temIØv ]e-bn-S-Øp-ap≈ Ht´sd ÿm]\\- ß- f- pa- mbn enam≥ {_tZg- vkn\\v CS]- mS- pI- fpw _‘h- pa- p≠- m- bn-cp-∂p. C¥y-bnse sF kn sF kn k_vkn-Udn Hcp-Zm-l-c-W-am- Wv. 375 tImSn cq]b- mWv sF kn sF kn _m¶ns‚ e≠≥ k_vkn- Udn enam-\\n¬ \\nt£-]n-®n-´p-≈-Xv. F∂m¬ enams‚ XI¿® tbmsSbpw Imcyß- ƒ- Ahk- m\\- n®- n√- . Atac- n°- b- nse G‰hpw henb C≥jp-d≥kv `oa-\\mb F sF Pn (American International Group) bpsS-Xm-bn-cp∂p ASpØ Dugw. \\nIp-Xn-Zm-b-Is‚ ]Ww D]-tbm- Kn®v enams\\ c£n-°n√ F∂p ]d™ Ata-cn-°≥ {Sjdn Un∏m¿´vsa‚ns- ebpw s^Ud- ¬ dnk¿∆nt- ebpw D∂X- c- ps- S Im¬ap´v Iq´n CSn-®p. ImcWw F sF Pn IqSn XI-cp-∂Xv Ata-cn-°≥ kºZvLS-\\-bn-ep≈ hnizmkw Xo¿Øpw \\„-s∏-Sm≥ CS-bm°pw F∂-Xm-bn-cp∂p ÿnXn. temIsØ 130 cmPy-ß-fn¬ CS-]m-Sp-Ifpw 743 e£w D]t- `m‡- m°- fpw 1,16,000 Poh\\- °- mcpw D≈ F sF Pnsb c£n-°m-\\m-hp-am-bn-cp-∂n-√. ]n∂n´ Hº-Xp -am-k-Øn-\\n-S-bn¬ am{Xw

17Fw.-_n. cmtPjv aqe-[\\w aXw cm{„obw F sF Pn t\\cn´ \\„w GI- t- Ziw \\ΩpsS 87,000 tImSn- Bbnc- p∂- p. ]m∏-co-I-cWw ap∂n¬I≠ F sF Pn BkvXn-Iƒ hn‰-gn-°m≥ Xocpa- m\\- n®- p. hnam\\w ]m´Ø- n\\v \\¬Ip∂ _nkn\\- kv \\SØ- p∂ F sF Pn Xß-fpsS Bbncw hnam-\\-ßfpw hn‰-gn-°m≥ \\n›-bn-®n-cn- °p-∂p. enam\\p ]n∂mse F sF Pn IqSn ]m∏-cmbnØo¿∂m-ep≈ Ah-ÿ-sb-°p-dn-t®m¿Øv Dd°w \\„-s∏´ Ata-cn-°≥ `c-W-IqSw enams‚ ImcyØ- ns- eS- pØ \\ne]- mSv 24 aWn°- qd- nI- \\w XncpØ- n. Ata- cn°- ≥ `cW- I- qS- Ø- ns- ‚bpw [\\I- mcy hnZK- v[c- ps- Sbpw A‘mf- n∏pw Bi-b-°p-g∏hpw apgp-h≥ {]I-S-am-bn. F sF Pnbv°v GXm≠v \\ΩpsS 4,00,000 tImSnc- q]- bv°p Xpeya- mb tUmfd- ns‚ Hcp ]mt- °Pv Ata-cn-°≥ s^U-d¬ dnk¿hv {]Jym-]n-®p. CX-\\-\\p-k-cn®v sF sF PnbpsS Hml-cn-I-fn¬ 79.9 iX-am\\w k¿°m-cn\\v ssIamdn. F sF Pnbv°p tijw as‰mcp {]apJ \\nt£] _m¶mb sadn¬ en©v XI¿® Hgnh- m°- m≥ _m¶v Hm^v Atac- n° Gs‰S- p°- pI- bpw sNbXv p. _m¶v Hm^v Ata-cn° CXn-\\mbn apS-°n-bXv 50 _ney¨ tUmf¿ (23,500tImSn cq]) BWv. IW-°p-Iƒ \\¬Ip-∂Xv AKm-[-amb Hcp {]Xn-k-‘-nbpsS `bm- \\-I-amb Nn{X-am-Wv. \\qtdmfw [\\-Imcy ÿm]-\\-߃ Ata-cn-°- bn¬ {]Xn-k-‘n-bn-em-Wv. Ch CXn-\\Iw In´m-°-S-ambn BtKmf ASn-ÿm-\\-Øn¬ G-Xm≠v 26 e£w tImSn cq]bv°p Xpey-amb tUmf¿ Fgp-Xn-Ø-≈n. C\\nbpw hcm-\\n-cn-°p∂ _m[y-X-Iƒ IqSn IW-°n-se-Sp-Øm¬ G-Xm≠v \\ΩpsS 47 e£w tImSn cq]bv°p Xpeya- mb tUmf¿ thsdbpw th≠nh- c- ps- a∂- mWv IW°- v. CXph- sc Ata-cn-°≥ s^U-d¬ dnk¿hv am{Xw G-I-tZiw \\ΩpsS 115 e£w tImSn cq]bv°p kam-\\-am-b{X tUmf¿, {]Xn-k‘n t\\cn-Sm-\\mbn hn]W- nb- n¬ Hgp°- nb- X- v. bqtdm]- y≥ tI{µ _m¶v, _m¶v Hm^v Cw•- ≠v, Pm∏\\- okv tI{µ _m¶v, It\\U- nb- ≥ tI{µ_- m¶v F∂nh- s- b√mw IqSn GI-tZiw \\ΩpsS 75 e£w tImSn cq]bv°p Xpey-am-b{X tUmf¿ thsdbpw hn]-Wn-bn-te°v ]ºp sNøp-I-bp-≠m-bn. Ct∏m- gsØ XI¿®-bpsS ^e-ambn 10 h≥InS BtKmf _m¶p-I-fpsS hn]Wn aqey-Øn¬ G-I-tZiw \\ΩpsS 51 e£w tImSn cq]bv°p Xpe-am-b{X tUmf-dns‚ CSn-hmWv D≠m-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv. Ata-cn-°≥ `c-W-IqSw Ncn-{X-Ønse G‰hpw henb c£m-{]-

18 aqe-[\\w aXw cm{„obw Fw.-_n. cmtPjv h¿Ø-\\-amWv Ct∏mƒ \\S-Øp-∂-Xv. {]Xn-k-‘nsb t\\cn-Sm-\\mbn _pjv `cW- I- qSw \\n¿t±i- n®- n´- p≈ ]pXnb ]≤Xn GI- t- Ziw \\ΩpsS 33 e£w tImSn cq]bmW- v. dn∏ª- n°- ≥ Utam{- Im‰- nIv AwKß- f- psS ]n¥pW Cu ]≤-Xn°v e`n-°p-sa∂v hy‡-am-°-s∏-´n-´p-≈-Xn-\\m¬ bp Fkv tIm¨{Kk- n¬ CXv ]mkmI- ps- a∂- X- n¬ kwib- a- n√- . {]Xn- k‘n `oa-am-b-Xn-\\m¬ AXv t\\cn-Sm-\\p≈ ]≤-Xnbpw `oa-am-Wv F∂mWv {]kn-U‚ v _pjv ]d-™-Xv. ]≤-Xn-bpsS AS-¶¬ XpI CdmJv bp≤Ø- ns‚ CXph- s- cb- p≈ Nneh- n\\v Xpeyh- pw. s]‚K- W- ns‚ hm¿jnI _P-‰n-t\\-°mƒ IqSp-X-ep-am-sW∂v \\yqtbm¿°v ssSwkv Nq≠n-°m-Wn°p-∂p. ]≤Xn XpI P\\-kwJym\\p-]m-Xn-I-ambn hoXn- ®m¬ Hmtcm Ata-cn°°m-c\\pw 200 tUmf¿ e`n-°p-sa∂pw \\yqtbm¿°v ssSwkv ]d-bp-∂p. Cu `oa-amb ]mt°Pv Ata-cn-°- bpsS tZiob IS-Øns‚ ]cn[n 11.3 {Sney¨ tUmf-dmbn(G-I-tZiw 515 e£w tImSn cq]) Db¿Øm-\\n-S-bm-°p-sa∂pw ]{Xw hy‡-am- °p-∂p. Ct∏mƒ 500 _ney¨ tUmf¿ FØn-\\n¬°p∂ Ata-cn-°- bpsS _P‰v IΩn C\\nbpw KWy-ambn h¿≤n-°m\\pw Cu c£m-]m- t°Pv CSb- m°- ps- a∂pw hnZK- v[¿ {]hN- - n°- p∂- p. Atac- n°- b- ps- Sbpw temI apX-em-fn-Ø-Ø-n-s‚bpw Ncn-{X-Øn¬ 1929-˛\\p tijw kw`- hn® G‰hpw henb {]Xn-k‘n F-∂mWv Cu XI¿®sb kmº- ØnI imkv{X-⁄cpw hnZ-Kv≤cpw hnti-jn-∏n-°p∂Xv. AXn-\\m¬ CXns‚ {]XymL- mX- ß- ƒ apgph- ≥ Ct∏mƒA- \\- pa- m\\- n°- mh- p∂- X- √- . bp.-Fkv. kºZvhyh-ÿsb Hcp amµy-Øn-te°v (Recession) CXp \\bn-°p-sa∂ Imcy-Øn¬ B¿°pw `n∂m-`n-{]m-b-an-√. Cu amµyw BtKmf- X- e- Ø- n¬ i‡a- mb- n {]Xn^- e- n°- pI- bpw sNøpw. BtKmf- - km-º-ØnI hf¿®m \\nc°v CSn-bp-sa∂v Ct∏m-gsØ XI¿®bv°v aptº sF Fw F^v apX¬ UNCTAD hscb- p≈ GP≥knI- ƒ Nq≠n- °m-Wn-®n-cp-∂p-sh-t∂m¿°-Ww. Cu {]h-W-Xsb ]pXnb kw`h hnImk- ß- ƒ cq£a- m°- pw. BtKmf- X- e- Ø- n¬ amµyØ- nt- ‚X- mb {]h- W-X-IfpsS G‰hpw henb {]Xym-LmXw sXmgn-en-√mbva cq£-am- hpI F∂X- mb- nc- n°- pw. Atac- n°- ≥ [\\I- mc- yt- aJ- e- I- f- n¬ Cu h¿jw CXn\\- Iw Xs∂ 10,00,000 sXmgne- pI- ƒ \\„s- ∏´n´- p≠- v. ]pXnb kml- N-cy-Øn¬ 50,000 t]¿°p IqSn Cu taJ-e-bn¬ sXmgn¬ \\„-s∏-Sp- sa∂- mWv IW°- m°- s- ∏S- p∂- X- v. am{Xa- √- , Cu taJe- b- n¬ e`n°- p∂

19Fw.-_n. cmtPjv aqe-[\\w aXw cm{„obw Db¿∂ iºf- Ø- nepw KWya- mb Ipdhp hcpw. [\\I- mcy taJe- bnse Hmtcm Poh\\- °- mc- \\pw a‰p taJe- I- f- n¬ Npcpß- nb- Xv \\mept- ]¿s°- ¶nepw sXmgn¬ \\¬Inb- nc- p∂- ps- h∂- mWv IW°- v. AXmb- Xv [\\I- m- cyt- aJ- e- b- nse sXmgn¬ \\„- Ø- ns‚ \\menc- ´n sXmgn¬ \\„w a‰pta- J-e-I-fn¬ kw`-hn-°p-sa-∂¿∞w. Ata-cn-°≥ kºZvhyh-ÿsb Gsd B{i-bn-®n-cn-°p-∂-XmWv C¥y-bnse tkh\\-ta-J-e. C¥y- bnse sF Sn taJ-e-bnse hcp-am-\\-Øns‚ 60 iX-am-\\hpw Ata-cn- °-bn¬ \\n∂m-Wv. C¥y-bn¬ Cu cwK-ß-fn¬ sXmgn¬ \\„-ap-≠m- Ip-sa-∂mWv CXn-\\¿∞w. B {]h-W-X-Iƒ CXn-\\Iw Xs∂ {]I-S- amb- n°- g- n™- p. sF Sn Iº\\- nI- fpw a‰pw Poh\\- °- mc- psS FÆw sh´n- °pd- ®pw iºfw Ipd®- ps- a√mw ]pXnb kmlN- c- yß- sf t\\cnS- m\\- p≈ Xøms- dS- p∏v XpSß- n°- g- n™- nc- n°- p∂- p. Atac- n°- ≥ hn]W- nsb Gsd B{i-bn-°p∂ C¥y≥ sSIvssì hn]-Wn-bnse Ct∏mƒ Xs∂bp≈ {]Xnk- ‘n IqSpX- ¬ cq£a- mh- ps- a∂ ap∂d- nb- n∏- pI- fpw Ah-K-Wn-°m-\\m-hn-√. Ata-cn-°≥ XI¿®sb XpS¿∂v Hmlcn hn]- Wnb- ne- p≠- mI- p∂ Nm©m´- - ß- ƒ- cq]b- psS aqeyt- imj- W- Ø- n\\- nS- b- m- °pw. CXv Cd-°p-a-Xn-®n-e-hp-Iƒ KWy-ambn h¿≤n°p-∂-Xn\\v Imc- W-am-Ipw. Npcp-°n-∏-d-™m¬ apX-em-fnØ {]Xn-k-‘n-bpsS Ct∏m- gsØ `mchpw IqSpX- e- mbn hlnt- °≠- nh- c- nI A≤zm\\- n°- p∂ hn`m- Kß- fpw km[mc- W- °- mcpw Xs∂b- mb- nc- n°- pw. km{amP- yXzw Xßf- psS \\h sImtfm-Wn-b¬ Nqj-Whpw IS-∂m-{I-a-Whpw i‡n-s∏-Sp-Øp- ∂X- n\\pw {]Xnk- ‘n aq∂mw temI cmPyß- f- ps- Sbpw km[mc- W P\\- ßf- ps- Sbpw Nneh- n¬ ]cnl- c- n°- p∂- X- n\\pamb- nc- n°pw {ian°- pI- . AXv Xncn®- d- n™v km{amP- yX- z \\bß- f- psS hcm\\- nc- n°- p∂ ]pXnb B{I- a-Wßsf {]Xn-tcm-[n-°m≥ k÷-cm-hp-I-bmWv th≠-Xv. C¥yb- n¬ XI¿® t\\cn´p _m[n°- mX- nc- n°- m≥ ImcWw \\h en_- d¬ \\b-߃s°-Xn-cmbn CS-Xp-]£w \\S-Ønb sNdp-Øp-\\n¬∏pX- s∂b- ms- W∂ hkvXpX B¿°pw \\ntj[- n°- m\\- mh- n√- . _m¶pI- f- n¬ hntZi \\nt£] ]cn[n 74 iX-am\\w Bbpw C≥jp-d≥kn¬ 49 iX-am\\w Bbpw Db¿Øm-\\p≈ _n√p-Iƒ ]m¿e-sa‚n¬ ]mkm°s∏SmX- nc- p∂- Xv CSX- p]- £- Ø- ns‚ i‡a- mb sNdpØ- p\\- n¬- ∏p-sIm≠p am{X-am-bn-cp-∂p. B _n√p-Iƒ ]mkm-°-s∏-´n-cp-∂p-sh- ¶n¬ C¥y≥ _m¶p-I-fp-sSbpw [\\-Imcy ÿm]-\\-ß-fp-sSbpw KXn

20 aqe-[\\w aXw cm{„obw Fw.-_n. cmtPjv as‰m∂- mI- pa- mb- nc- p∂- p. ImcWw Ct∏mƒ s]mfn™ ]e hº≥amcpw C¥y≥ [\\I- mc- yt- aJ- e- b- nt- e°v IS∂- ph- c- m\\pw ChnS- psØ kzImcy ÿm]-\\-߃ Gs‰-Sp-°m\\pw X°w ]m¿Øn-cn-°p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. (X- I¿∂ F sF Pn (26 iX-am-\\w) Sm‰-bp-ambn kwbp‡ kwcw-`-Øn- te¿s- ∏´- nc- p∂- ps- h∂- v Hm¿°W- w.) CSX- p]- £w FXn¿ØX- ps- Im≠v am{X-amWv B Zpc¥w kw`-hn-°msX t]mb-Xv. F¥m-bmepw hmƒkv{So-‰nse Zpc¥w \\nb-{¥W ap‡ kºZv hyh-ÿ-bp-sSbpw hn]Wn F√mw \\n›-bn-°p-sa∂ \\h DZm-c-hmZ h‡m°- f- ps- Sbpw bp‡nc- ml- nXyw Xpd∂- pI- mW- n®- nc- n°- p∂- p. hn]- W- n- bn¬ `c-W-IqSw CS-s]-S-cp-sX∂v I¿°-i-ambn A\\p-im-kn®p h∂n- cp-∂-h¿ Ah-cpsS X´-I-Øn¬Xs∂ Kh¨sa‚ns‚ CS-s]-S-ep- Iƒ°mbn apdhnfn Iq´p∂- X- ns‚ hntcm[- m`- mk- Ø- - n\\v temIw km£yw hln°- pI- b- p≠- mb- n. NqXm´w \\SØn Xpe™ `oa≥a- msc c£n°- m≥ HSp-hn¬ \\nIp-Xn-Zm-b-Is‚ hnb¿s∏m-´nb ]Ww th≠n-h-∂p. ]mh- s∏-´-h¿°v k_vkn-Un-Iƒ ]mSn-s√∂v ^Xvh ]pd-s- ∏-Sp-hn-®n-cp∂ hº-∑m¿ Ct∏mƒ \\nIp-Xn-∏-W-Øns‚ k_vkn-Un-bn-emWv Poh≥ \\ne\\- n¿Øp∂- X- v. The age of turbulance F∂ ]pkvXI- Ø- ns‚ Bap- JØ- n¬ \\h DZmc- h- mZ- Ø- ns‚ h¿Øa- m\\ ImesØ aninl- bpw Ata- cn-°-bnse Ct∏m-gsØ {]Xn-k-‘n°p Imc-W-amb \\-b-ß-fpsS {][m\\kq-{X-[m-c-\\p-amb Ae≥ {Ko≥ kv]m≥ apX-em-fn-Ø-Øns‚ ta∑-I-sf-°p-dn®v Du‰w sIm≠Xv Hcp h¿jw apºv am{X-am-Wv. At±lw Cßs\\ FgpXn ˛ BtKmf apX-em-fnØ hyhÿ Im¬ \\q‰m≠v apº-tØ-°mƒ hnim-e-amb hg-°-ap-≈Xpw ]q¿∆ ÿnXn {]m]n°- m\\- p≈ Ignh- p≈- Xpw Xpd∂- Xpw kzbw XncpØ- p∂- Xpw {ZpX- K-Xn-bn¬ amdp-∂-Xp-amb H∂m-Wv. shdpw Hcp h¿j-Øn-\\p-tijw {Ko≥kv]m\\ns‚ ]n≥Km-an-Iƒ Xncn-®-dn-bp-∂Xv BtKmf apX-em- fnØw F´v ]Xn-‰m≠v (1929 se alm-am-µyw) apº-tØ-°mƒ H´pw `{Za- mb- n´- n√ F∂mW- v. hmƒkv{So‰n¬\\n∂v c£t- \\S- W- s- a∂ s]tem- kn-bpsS Xncn-®-dn-sh-¶nepw a≥tam-l≥knw-Kn\\pw NnZw-_-c-Øn\\pw samt≠Kv knwKv Aeph- me- nb- bv°pw D≠mh- ptam? c≠v F-s¥mcp am‰w! aqe-[-\\-K¿∆ns‚ {]Xo-I-am-bn-cp∂ hmƒkv{So‰v

21Fw.-_n. cmtPjv aqe-[\\w aXw cm{„obw C∂v AXns- \\X- nc- mb sNdpØ- p\\- ne- ]v ns‚ Du¿÷t- {kmX-  - mb- nc- n°- p- ∂p. AhnsS \\n∂v Ct∏m-gp-b-cp-∂Xv apX-em-fnØ Zq¿Øpw Nqj-W- Øn\\pw FXn-cmb \\ne-bv°mØ ap{Zm-hm-Iy-ß-fm-Wv. 2008¬ `h-\\- hmbv]m {]Xn-k-‘n-bmbn XpS-ßn, hmƒkv{So‰nse `oa≥amsc XI¿sØ-dn-™v, [\\-Im-cy-ta-J-esb apgp-h≥ ]nSn-®p-e®v HSp-hn¬ Ata-cn-°≥ kº-ZvL-S-\\-tbbpw apX-em-fnØ temI-sØ-bm-sIbpw amµyØ- ns‚ NXp∏- nt- e°v X≈nb- n´ {]Xnk- ‘- nb- n¬ \\n∂p≈ Ic- I-b-d¬ Ct∏mgpw A\\n-›n-X-Xz-Øn-em-Wv. {]Xn-k-‘n°p Imc-W- °m-cm-b-hsc c£n-°m≥ s]mXp-]Ww `oa-ambn sNe-h-gn® Ata-cn- °-bn-te-X-S-°-ap-≈ apX-em-fnØ `c-W-Iq-S-߃ km[m-c-W-°mcpw Zcn{- Zc- pa- mb alm`- qc- n]- £- Ø- ns‚ sNeh- n¬ apXe- mf- nØ- sØ c£n- °m\\- mWv {ian®- X- v. {]Xnk- ‘- nb- psS `mchpw ZpcnX- hpw apgph- ≥ P\\- ߃ klnt- °≠n h∂t- ∏mƒ \\Sps- hmS- n™v tcmKi- ø- b- ne- mb- nc- p∂ aqe-[-\\-i-‡n-Iƒ A\\m-bmkw kpJw {]m]n®v ]q¿∆-ÿn-Xn-bn¬ Xncn-s®-Øn. amµyw Ata-cn-°-bnepw a‰v apX-em-fn-Ø-cm-Py-ß-fnepw P\\ß- f- psS sXmgnepw hcpa- m\\- hpw Ih¿s∂Sp°pI- bpw Aka- X- zhpw Pohn-X-Ø-I¿®bpw cq£-am-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. apX-em-fnØ {]Xn-k‘n Fßn-s\\-bmWv P\\-Po-hn-XsØ XI¿ØXv F∂pt- \\m°- pI- . Atac- n°- b- n¬ F¨]X- pI- ƒ°pt- ijw Zmcn-{Zy-Øns‚ \\nc°v C{X-tbsd thK-Øn¬ Db¿∂Xv Cu amµy- Im-e-Øm-bn-cp-∂p. Ct∏m-gsØ IW-°-\\p-k-cn®v cmPysØ Zcn-{Z- cpsS FÆw 46-Z-i-e-£-am-Wv. CXm-Is´ 1959-\\p-ti-j-ap≈ G‰hpw Db¿∂ FÆ-am-Wv. Ata-cn-°-bnse G‰hpw ]pXnb sk≥kkv IW-°p-Iƒ {]Imcw P\\-kw-Jy-bn¬ Bdnsem∂pw Zcn-{Z-cm-Wv. 2008 XpSß- nb amµyØ- n\\- pt- ijw XpS¿®b- mbn aq∂mwh- ¿jhpw icm- icn IpSpw_- h- c- pa- m\\w CSnb- pI- bpw Zmcn{- ZyØ- ns‚ \\nc°v IqSpI- bpw sNbXv nc- n°- p∂p F∂v sk≥kkv _yqtdm ]db- p∂- p. sXmgnen√- mbav \\nc°v HutZymK- nI IW°- \\- pk- c- n®v 9iX- a- m\\- Ø- n\\- pa- pI- f- n¬ FØn- bn-cn-°p∂p. AXm-bXv 14 Zi-e£w Ata-cn-°-°m¿ sXmgn¬ cln- Xc- mb- nc- n°- p∂- p F∂¿∞w. AtXk- a- bw cmPysØ kº∂ \\yq\\- ]-£-Øns‚ hcp-am\\w h¿≤n-°p-I-X-s∂-bmWv cmPysØ P\\-kw- Jy-bn¬ apIƒØ-´n-ep≈ Hcp iX-am-\\-Øns‚ tZio-b-h-cp-am-\\-Øn- ep≈ hnlnXw 1970-I-fn¬ shdpw 8i-X-am-\\-am-bn-cp-∂Xv Ct∏mƒ 20-

22 aqe-[\\w aXw cm{„obw Fw.-_n. cmtPjv i-X-am-\\-ambn Db¿∂n-cn-°p-∂p. IqSp-X¬ t]¿ sXmgn-en-√m-bva-bn- te°pw Zmcn-{Zy-Øn-te°pw ]Xn-®-t∏mƒ kº-∂-\\yq-\\-]-£-Øns‚ hcp-am\\w IqSn-b-Xn-\\¿∞w Ak-aXzw s]cpIn F∂m-Wv. P\\-ßsf Zpcn-X-°-b-Øn-te°v hen-s®-dn™v kzbw c£n-°m≥ apX-em-fnØw \\S-Ønb {iaw t\\m°p-I. s^U-d¬ dnk¿∆v A[n- Ir-X¿ Ata-cn-°≥ tIm¨{K- ns\\ Adn-bn-®Xv [-\\-Im-cy-ÿm-]-\\- ßsf c£ns- ®S- p°- m\\p≈ c£m]- ≤- X- nI- ƒ°mbn BsI 27 {Sney¨ ({Sne- y¨=e£wt- ImSn) tUmf¿ sNeh- g- n®- ps- h∂- mW- v. CXv Atac- n- °-bpsS tZio-b-h-cp-am-\\-amb 14 {Sney¨ tUmf-dns‚ Cc-´n-tbm-f-am- sW∂v Hm¿°p-I. Ata-cn-°-bn-se-∂-t]mse an°-bq-tdm-]y≥ cmPy- ß-fnepw apX-em-fnØ `c-W-Iq-S-߃ tIm¿∏-td-‰p-Isf c£n-°m≥ IW- °- n√- msX ]Ws- amg- p°- pI- b- p≠- mb- n. C¥yb- nse c≠mwb- p]- nF k¿°mcpw Ign™ aq∂p-h¿j-Øn-\\p-≈n¬ am{Xw amµyw t\\cn-Sm- \\p≈ DtØP- I ]mt°Pv F∂t- ]c- n¬ 13e- £w tImSnbnt- esd cq]- bpsS \\nIpXn Cfh- pI- fpw B\\pI- qe- yß- f- pa- mWv tIm¿∏t- d‰- pI- ƒ°v \\¬Inb- X- v. Atac- n°- b- nt- ebpw a‰v bqtdm]- y≥ cmPyß- f- nt- ebpw apXe- mf- nØ `cW- I- qS- ß- ƒ tIm¿∏t- d‰- pI- sf c£n°- m\\- mbn ]Ww Is≠Ø- m≥ `oa-amb tXmXn¬ hmbv]-Iƒ hmßn-bn-cp-∂p. AXm-bXv tIm¿∏-td- ‰pI- ƒ hcpØ- ns- h® ISw `cW- I- qS- ß- ƒ Gs‰S- pØ- ps- h∂v A¿∞w. AtXmsS B IS-`mcw P\\-ß-fmsI Npa-°-W-sa-∂m-bn. Cßs\\ P\\-ß-fpsS sNe-hn¬ \\S-∏m-°nb c£m-]-≤-Xn-I-fpsS _e-Øn¬ {]Xnk- ‘- n°p ImcW- °- mc- mb tIm¿∏t- d‰v `oa≥am¿ an°h- cpw Ic- I-b-dp-Ibpw sNbvXp. {]Xn-k-‘n°v apJy DØ-c-hm-Zn-I-fmbn IW- °m-°-s∏-Sp∂ sP.]n-. tam¿K≥ tNkv, kn‰n-{Kq-∏v, _m¶v-Hm^v Ata- cn-°, tKmƒkvam≥km-Ivkv F∂n-h¿ Dul-°-®-hSw ]q¿∆m-[nIw Du¿÷n-X-ambn XpS¿∂p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂p. [\\-Imcy Dul-°-®S hn]-Wn-bnse CS-]m-Sp-I-fpsS 90-i-X-am-\\hpw C∂v \\nb-{¥n-°p-∂Xv Cu \\mev `oa≥am-cm-Wv. _m¶v Hm^v Ata-cn° 2011s‚ BZy Bdp- am-k-Øn-\\p-≈n¬ 307-tImSn tUmf¿ em`w D≠m-°n-b-t∏mƒ tKmƒkvam≥ kmIvkv AXns‚ Db¿∂ FIvkn-Iyq-´o-hp-Iƒ°v t_mW-kn-\\mbn am‰n-sh-®Xv 523-tUm-f-dmWv! C°q-´¿°v \\jvS-s∏-´- sX√mw hos≠-Sp-°m\\pw ho≠pw NqXm´w \\SØn sIm≈-em`w

23Fw.-_n. cmtPjv aqe-[\\w aXw cm{„obw sImøm\\pw c£m]- mt- °P- pI- ƒ hgns- bmc- p°- n. F∂m¬ amµywa- qew sXmgnepw hcp-am-\\hpw \\jvS-s∏´v PohnXw XI¿∂ km[m-cW a\\p- jy¿t°m? Ah¿°p Bizm-k-ta-Ip∂ Hcp c£m-]-≤-Xnbpw D≠m- bn√ F∂p-am-{X-a√ Ahsc IqSp-X¬ ]ngn-bp-Ibpw sNøp-I-bm-Wv. tIm¿∏t- d‰v c£m ]mt°P- pI- ƒ°mbn `cW- I- qS- ß- ƒ ISwh- mß- n- °q´n IS-`mcw s]cp-InbXns‚ t]cn¬ sNehp Npcp-°¬ ASn-t®- ev]n®p XpS-ßn. sNe-hp-Np-cp-°-ens‚ `mK-ambn iº-fw, s]≥j-\\p- Iƒ, kmaq-ln-I-t£-a-s®-e-hp-Iƒ F∂n-h-sb√mw KWy-ambn sh´n- ®pc- p°- nb- Xv amµyØ- ns‚ CcI- f- mb km[mc- W P\\ß- f- psS XI¿∂ Po-hn-XsØ IqSp-X¬ izmkw-ap-´n-®p. tIm¿∏-td-‰p-I-fpsS em`w Cd- ∏ph- c- pØ- m\\pw apXe- mf- nØ hyhÿ- sb c£n°- m\\pw Xßsf ]ngn- bpI- b- ms- W∂v Xncn®- d- n™ P\\ß- ƒ {]Xnt- j[- h- pa- mbn sXcph- ne- n- dß- n. km¿∆t- Zi- ob [\\a- qe- [- \\- Ø- ns‚ Bÿm\\- hpw Atac- n°- ≥ K¿∆ns‚ AS-bm-f-hpam hmƒkv{So‰v {]t£m-`-ß-fm¬ {]I-º\\w sIm≠p. 2011 sk]vXw-_¿ 11-ap-X¬ hmƒkv{So‰v {]t`m-`-Im-cn-Iƒ ]nSn®- S- °- n. Atac- n°- ≥ `cW- I- qS- Ø- ns‚ ASn®- a- ¿Ø- e- pI- s- fs- b√mw AXn-Po-hn®v ]nSn-s®-Sp-°¬ {]t£m`w Ct∏mgpw XpS-cp-∂p. temh¿am≥lm´-\\nse kpt°m´n ]m¿°n¬ \\n∂v XpS-ßnb hmƒkv{So‰v ]nSn-s®-Sp-°¬ {]t£m-`-Øns‚ {]I-º-\\-߃ temIw apgp-h≥ A\\p-`-h-s∏-´p-Xp-S-ßn. Ata-cn-°-bnse 300-tesd \\K-c-ß- fn¬ sFIyZ- m¿Vy {]t£m`- ß- ƒ \\S°- pI- b- p≠- mb- n. temIØ- msI 82 cmPy-ß-fnse 951 \\K-c-ß-fnepw sFIy-Zm¿Vyw {]I-Sn-∏n®v ]Xn- \\m-bn-c-߃ AWn-\\n-c-∂p. P\\-ß-fpsS ZpcnXw h¿≤n-∏n-°p∂ \\h- en_- d- ¬ \\bß- ƒs°X- nc- mb s]mXp]- W- na- pS- °- pI- fpw h≥ dme- nI- fpw a‰v {]t£m-`-ßfpw {Kokv, t]m¿®p-K¬, kvs]bn≥, C‰-en, {_n´≥, {^m≥kv XpSßn At\\Iw cmPy-ß-fn¬ A\\p-Zn\\w i‡n-s∏-´p-sIm- ≠nc- n°- p∂- p. aqe[- \\- Ø- nt- ‚bpw NqjW- Ø- nt- ‚bpw BtKmf- h- ¬°- c-W-Øn-s\\-Xn-cmb t]mcm-´-Øns‚ BtKm-f-h¬°-cWw kw`-hn-®p- sIm≠- nc- n°- p∂p F∂v A¿∞w. Cu ]S-cp∂ {]t£m-`-ß-fp-sS, {]tXy-In®v hmƒkv{So‰v {]ÿm- \\-Øns‚ G‰hpw henb khn-ti-jX AXns‚ kz`mhw apX-em-fn- ØsØ Hcp hyhÿ F∂ \\ne-bn¬ FXn¿°p∂p F∂-XmWv. Fs¥-¶nepw Nne Bh-iy-߃ apt∂m-´p-sh-®p-sIm≠pw Ah-bpsS

24 aqe-[\\w aXw cm{„obw Fw.-_n. cmtPjv ]cnl- mcw Bhi- ys- ∏´- ps- Im≠- pa- √ apXe- mf- nØw F∂ hyhÿ- s- °- Xn-cmb ÿqe-X-e-Øn-ep≈ B{I-a-W-am-W-Xv. hmƒkv{So-‰ns\\ e£yw sh°pI hgn km¿∆-tZ-iob [\\-aq-e-[-\\-Øns‚ ta[m-hn- XzsØ Xs∂ sh√ph- nf- n°- pI- b- mWv hmƒkv{So‰v {]ÿm\\w sNøp- ∂X- v. kac- a- pJ- Ø- pb- ¿∂ apJya- p{- Zmh- mIyw 99i- X- a- m\\- hpw Hcp iX- am-\\hpw XΩn¬ F∂-Xm-Wv. h¿§-k-acw F∂ ap{Zm-hm-Iyhpw AhnsS \\n∂v \\nc-¥cw Db¿∂p-tIƒ°p-∂p. Nne Xm¬°m-enI Bhi- yß- t- ftbm ASnb- ¥- nc e£yß- t- ftbm ap≥\\n¿Ønb- √ Nqj- Wm-[n-jvTn-X-amb apX-em-fnØ hyh-ÿ-sb-Øs∂ \\ncm-I-cn- °p∂XmWv Cu {]ÿm-\\-Øns‚ cmjv{Sob D≈-S°w F∂ \\nco£WØns‚ ]›mØ- ew CXmW- .v hy‡a- mb {]Xyb- i- mk{v X ]≤X- nb- pt- Sbpw AXns‚ ASnÿ- m\\- Ø- ne- p≈ Hcp ]cn]- mS- nb- pt- Sbpw icn-bmb Hcp t\\Xr-Xz-Øn-s‚bpw A`mhw XpS-ßn-b-hsb√mw Cu {]ÿm\\- Ø- ns‚ ]cna- nX- nI- f- mW- v. am¿Ivknk- Ø- m¬ {]tNmZ- nX- hpw AXn¬ ASnb- pd- ®- X- pa- mWv F∂ AhI- mi- h- mZw AXni- t- bm‡- n]- c- - am-Ip-sa-¶nepw Hcp-Imcyw \\n w-ibw ]d-bmw. apX-em-fnØ {]Xn-k- ‘nbpw AXn¬\\n∂v Db¿∂p-h∂ hmƒkv{So‰v {]ÿm-\\hpw am¿Ivkn-k-Øns‚ apX-em-fnØ hna¿i-\\hpw \\nK-a-\\-ßfpw km[q- Ic- n°- p∂- p. kmaql- nI- a- mb D¬∏mZ- \\- hpw hy‡nK- X- a- mb IøS- °- epw XΩn-ep≈ sshcp-≤yw, D¬∏m-Z\\ {]{In-b-bn¬ Xs∂ A¥¿eo-\\- amb NqjW- k- z`- mhw apXe- mf- nØ- sØ Nm{InI- a- mb {]Xnk- ‘- nI- - fnt- e°pw \\bn°- ps- a∂ am¿IvknÃv hniI- e- \\- Ø- ns‚ icn IqSpX- ¬ t_m[y-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-XmWv C∂sØ BtKmf kml-N-cy-߃. XI¿® Bk-∂-ambn F∂v hymtam-ln-®q-Iq-sS-¶nepw apX-em-fn-Ø- Øns- \\X- nc- mb {]t£m`- ß- ƒ i‡ns- ∏S- pØ- p∂- t- Xms- Sm∏w AXn¬ DX-Ip∂ Bibw F∂ \\ne-bn¬ am¿Ivkn-k-Øns‚ {]m[m-\\yhpw kzoImc- yX- bpw h¿≤n°- p∂ Hcp hkXv p \\njTv kmlN- cyw temIØv hf¿∂p-h-cp∂ F∂-Xn¬ kwibw th≠. c≠p-]-Xn-‰m≠v apºv tkmhn-b‰v bqWn-b\\pw Ing-°≥ bqtdm-∏nse tkmjy-enÃv cmjv{S- ßfpw XI¿∂-t∏m-gp-≈-Xn¬ \\n∂v hyXy-kvX-amb ÿnXn-bm-Wn-Xv. A∂v Ime-l-c-W-s∏´ am¿Ivkn-k-sØ-°p-dn®pw Ncn-{X-Øns‚ A¥ysØ°pd- n®pw apXe- mf- nØ- Ø- ns‚ A¥na- h- nP- b- s- Ø°- pd- n®pw hmNme- c- mh- pI- bpw tkmjye- nk- Ø- n\\v At\\ym]- N- mc- a- ¿∏n°- m≥ Xnc-

25Fw.-_n. cmtPjv aqe-[\\w aXw cm{„obw °p-Iq-´p-Ibpw sNbvX-h¿t]mepw Ct∏mƒ am¿Ivkns‚ aS-ßn-h-c-hv ImWp-∂-Xn¬ \\n∂p-Xs∂ temI-Øp-≠mb am‰w a\\- n-em-°mw. hmƒkv{So‰v {]`h- t- I{- µa- mb Cu `qIº- Ø- n¬\\n∂- pb- c- p∂ kp\\man apX-em-fnØ temIsØ ]nSn-®p-e-°p-tºmƒ, s{]m^:{]`mXv ]Sv\\m- bnIv Nq≠n°- mW- n°- p∂- X- pt- ]ms- e, Ncn{- XØ- ns‚ A¥yØ- n\\v ]Icw aqe-[-\\-hm-gvN-s°-Xn-cmb ]pXp hnπ-h-X-cw-K-Øns‚ e£-W-߃ {]IS- a- mI- p∂ ]pXns- bmcp Ncn{- XØ- ns‚ XpS°- a- mWv \\mw ImWp∂- - Xv.

26 aqe-[\\w aXw cm{„obw Fw.-_n. cmtPjv hn°n-eoIvkv Ata-cn° {]Xn-°q-´n¬ hn°neoIvkpw AXns‚ ta[mhn Pqen-b≥ Akm≥Ppw Ata-cn- °≥ km{am-Py-Xz-Øns‚ apJw-aqSn ]n®n-®- o-¥n-bn-cn-°p-∂p. Ata-cn- °b- psS BtKmf A[n\\- nt- hi X{¥ß- sf Nqgv∂p \\n¬°p∂ \\nKq- VX- I- f- psS Npcpf- g- nb- pt- ºmƒ \\S- pß- p∂- Xv Atac- n° am{Xa- √ temI- am-sI-bm-Wv. BZy-L-´-Øn¬ hn°n-eoIvkv ]pdØphn´ 4,00,0000 ssk\\nI tcJ-Iƒ Ata-cn-°≥ ssk\\nI cl-ky-ß-fpsS Ncn-{X- Ønse G‰hpw henb tNm¿®b- mb- nc- p∂- p. XpS¿∂v temIa- ms- Ib- p≈ Ata-cn-°≥ Fw_-kn-I-fn¬ \\n∂p≈ ¢mkn-ss^Uv tc-J-Iƒ ]pd- Øp-hn-Sp-I-bp-≠m-bn. ssk\\nI cl-ky-tc-J-I- ƒ ]pd-Øp-h-∂-t∏mƒ Cdm-°nepw A^vKm-\\n-ÿm-\\nepw Ata-cn° \\S-Ønb sImSpw-{Iq-c- X-I-fp-sSbpw a\\p-jyXz cln-X-amb ]oU\\-ß-fp-sS-bpw sR´n-°p∂ hnhc- ß- f- mWv A\\mh- c- Ww sNøs- ∏´- X- v. c≠mw L´Ø- n¬ ]pdØ- p- hn´ \\b-X{¥ cl-ky-ß-fpsS tcJ-I-fm-Is´ Ata-cn-°≥ hntZi \\bØ- ns‚ \\riwk- X shfns- ∏S- pØ- p∂p. A^Kv m\\- nÿ- m\\- nepw CdmJ- nepw Atac- n°- ≥ A[n\\- nt- hi tk\\ \\SØ- nb hnhc- W- mX- oX- a- mb ]oU\\- ß- fpw a\\pj- ymh- I- mi ewL\\- - ßfpw kw_-‘n®v \\ne-\\n¬°p∂ Bt£-]-߃ apgp-h≥ icn-sh- °pI- b- mWv hn°ne- oIvkv shfns- ∏S- pØ- e- pI- ƒ. CdmJv bp≤w kw_- ‘n® shfn-s∏-Sp-Ø-ep-Iƒ an°-hbpw Ata-cn-°≥ ssk\\n-I-cpsS ZrIkv m£n hnhc- W- sØ ASnÿ- m\\- a- m°- nb- p≈- X- mW- .v 2004˛- \\pw 2008- ˛\\pw CSb- v°p≈ kw`h- ß- sf kw_‘- n®- p≈ tcJI- fmWv ]pdØ- p- h∂- n´- p≈- X- .v

27Fw.-_n. cmtPjv aqe-[\\w aXw cm{„obw knhn-en-b∑m¿ sIm√-s∏´ 34,000 kµ¿`-ß-sf kw_‘n® Cu tcJ-I-fn¬ ]d-bp-∂p. G‰hpw ]pXnb hn°n-eoIvkv shfn-s∏-Sp-Ø- ep-Iƒ A\\p-k-cn®v 2004-˛\\pw 2008-˛\\pw CSbv°v t\\csØ IW-°m- °nb- X- nt- \\°- mƒ 15,000 Cdm°n knhne- nb- ≥am¿ IqSpX- e- mbn sIm√- s∏´- n´- p≠.v IogS- ß- m≥ {ian°- p∂ knhne- nb- ∑- msc Atac- n°- ≥ tk\\ B{Ia- n® \\nch- [n kµ¿`ß- ƒ hn°ne- oIvkv tcJI- f- ne- qsS Xpd∂- p- Im´- p∂- p≠- v. Atac- n° hmSI- s- °S- pØv \\ntbmK- n® kzImcy ssk\\y- ߃ knhn-en-b-∑msc A‘-ambn B{I-an-®-Xns‚ \\nc-h[n hnh-c- ߃ Cu tcJ-I-fn-eqsS ]pd-Øp-h-∂n-´p-≠v. Cu kw`-h-ß-sf√mw t\\csØ aqSns- hb- v°s- ∏S- pI- b- mb- nc- p∂- p. hn°ne- oIvkv tcJI- f- \\- pk- c- n®v Atac- n°- ≥ ssk\\yw CdmJ- nse a\\p-jym-h-Imi ewL-\\-߃°pw _em¬kwKw Dƒs∏sS knhn-en- b-∑m¿°v FXn-cmbn \\S∂ sImSpw {Iqc-X-Iƒ°pw t\\sc IÆ-S- bv°p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. 2009 Unkw-_-dn¬ Ata-cn-°≥ ssk\\y-Øn\\v ssIamd- nb Hcp hoUnt- bmb- n¬ CdmJn ssk\\nI- ¿ IÆps- I´- nb Hcp XSh- pI- mc- s\\ shSns- h®- ps- Im√- p∂- X- ns‚ Zriyw D≠mb- nc- p∂- p. CXn\\v DØch- mZ- nI- f- mb CdmJn ssk\\nI- c- psS t]cpI- ƒ klnXw Atac- n- °≥ A[nI- mc- nI- ƒ°v dnt∏m¿´v \\¬Ins- b¶- nepw \\S]- Sn H∂pw D≠m- bn-√. hn°n-eoIvkv tcJ-Iƒ A\\p-k-cn®v At\\z-jWw Bh-iy-an√ F∂v Nq≠n-°m´n Ata-cn-°≥ ssk\\nI A[n-Ir-X¿ ^b¬ aS-°p- Ib- mb- nc- p∂- p. CØcw kw`h߃ At\\zj- nt- °s- ≠∂v 2006 sabn¬ s]‚-K¨ t\\cn´v \\n¿t±iw \\¬In-b-Xmbn hy‡-am-°p-∂p. Ata-cn- °≥ ssk\\yw ]cni- oe- n∏- n°- pI- b- pw Bbp[- a- W- nb- n°- pI- bpw sNbXv Atac- n°- ≥ ssk\\yØ- ns‚ ta¬t\\m´- Ø- n¬ {]h¿Øn°- p∂ CdmJn ssk\\n-I-cpsS sNbvXn-I-fn¬ X߃°v CS-s]-Sm-\\m-hn√ F∂ hnNn{X hmZ-am-bn-cp∂p Ata-cn-°≥ A[n-Ir-X-cp-tS-Xv. ^e-Øn¬ CdmJn tk\\b- psS IS∂- m{- Ia- W- ß- ƒ°pw a\\pj- ymh- I- mi ewL\\- - ߃°pw Adn-™p-sIm≠v Iq´p-\\n¬°p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p Ata-cn°. CdmJn ssk\\yw ]pXnb a\\p-jym-h-Im-i-ew-L\\w \\S-Øp∂p F∂- dn-™n´pw CS-s]-Sm-Xn-cp∂ Ata-cn° Bbn-c-°-W-°n\\v ssk\\n- Isc CtX CdmJn ssk\\y-Øns‚ sIme-b-d-I-fn-te°v ssIam-dp- Ibpw sNbvXp. hn°n-eo-Ivkns‚ ]pXnb shfn-s∏-Sp-Ø-ep-Iƒ A\\p-k-cn®v Cdm-

28 aqe-[\\w aXw cm{„obw Fw.-_n. cmtPjv Jn¬ hwiobamb sshcw Bfn-°-Øn-°m\\pw Ata-cn° {ian-®p. jnbm, kp∂n hn`mK- ß- ƒ XΩne- p≈ `n∂n∏v i‡ns- ∏S- pØ- m\\pw Nne {]tXyI hn`mK- ß- sf D∑qe- \\w sNøm\\pw Ah¿ kzoIc- n® Ip’nX- am¿§-ß-fpsS hnh-c-߃ tcJ-I-fn-ep-≠v. k±mw lpssks‚ ]gb dn∏ª- n-°≥ Km¿Up-Isf D]-tbmK- n®v Atac- n-° D≠m-°nb sN∂m- bv°q´w (Wolf Brigade) XS-hp-Im-cn¬\\n∂v sImSnb ]oU-\\-ap-d-I-fn- eqsS hnhc- ß- ƒ- tiJc- n°- m≥ \\ntbmK- n°- s- ∏´ Imcyhpw ]pdØ- ph- - ∂n´- p≠- .v t\\csØ F¬kmt- hmt- Umd- n¬ {]h¿Øn® Ip{]k- n≤- \\- mb Hcp Ata-cn-°≥ B¿an DtZym-K-ÿ-\\mWv Cu \"sN∂m-bv°q´' sØ ]cn-io-en-∏n-®-Xv. 2004-˛¬ A[n-\\n-thi ka-bØv kam-d-bnepw ^eq- Pb- nepw kv{XoIfpw Ip´nI- fpw Dƒs∏sS Iq´s- °me sNøs- ∏´ kw`- hß- fpw Ct∏mg- sØ tNm¿®b- ne- qsS ]pdØ- ph- ∂- n´- p≠- v. 2006 HIvtSm- _¿ 17-˛\\v Hscm‰ Znhkw am{Xw 146 t]¿ sIm√-s∏-´Xv kw_-‘n® hnh-c-ßfpw tcJ-I-fn¬ ImWmw. Cdm-Jns\\ kw_-‘n®v ]pd-Øp- h∂ tcJ-Iƒ hni-I-e\\w sNbvXm¬ Ata-cn-°≥ A[n-\\n-th-ihpw Ahc- psS Im¿ΩnI- X- zØ- n¬ Act- ßd- nb sImSnb ]oU\\- ß- fpw Cdm- Jns\\ Fßs- \\b- mWv A¬JzbZv b°v v hf°- qd- p≈ aÆm°- nb- Xv F∂v a\\ - ne- m°- m\\- mI- pw. aX\\- nc- t- ]£ Ad_v tZiob- X- b- psS h‡mh- m- bn-cp∂ k±mw lpssks\\ A´n-a-dn-®-Xn-eq-sSbpw Cdm-Jns‚ ]c-am- [nI- mcw Ih¿s∂S- pØv B cmPysØ inYne- a- m°- nb- X- ne- qs- Sbpw A¬- Jz-bvZ-bpsS Xmh-fhpw dn{Iq-´nwKv tI{µ-hp-am°n Cdm-°ns\\ am‰n-b- Xns‚ DØ-c-hm-ZnØw Ata-cn-°°v am{X-am-sW∂ hkvXp-Xbv°v ASnh- c- b- nS- p∂p hn°ne- oIvkv shfns- ∏S- pØ- e- pI- ƒ. \\b-X{¥ cl-ky-ß-fpsS shfn-s∏-Sp-Ø-em-Is´ Xß-fpsS BtKmf ta[m-hnXzw Ac-°n-´p-d-∏n-°m≥ F{X lo\\-amb am¿§hpw Atac- n° Ahe- w_- n°- ps- a∂v sXfnb- n®- nc- n°- p∂- p. C{kmt- b¬, tPm¿- Um≥, kndnb- , kuZn, CuPn]Xv v F∂o cmPyß- f- nse bp Fkv ÿm\\- ]Xn Imcym-e-b-ß-tfm-Sv lam-kn-s‚bpw a‰p ]e-kvXo\\nb≥ t\\Xm- °-fp-sSbpw _tbm sa{SnIv hnh-c-߃ tiJ-cn-°m≥ Bh-iy-s∏-´n- cp∂- X- mbpw ]db- p∂- p. Atac- n°- ≥ Fw_k- nI- ƒ Ahc- psS BtKmf Nmc-irw-J-e-bpsS `mK-am-sW∂ sR´n-°p∂ Xncn-®-dn-hmWv Ch \\¬Ip-∂-Xv. CXn-te-‰hpw Kuc-h-ta-dnb Imcyw sFIy-cm{„ kwL- S\\- b- nse AXyp∂- X \\bX- {- ¥⁄- ¿s°X- nc- mbnt]mepw Nmch- rØn

29Fw.-_n. cmtPjv aqe-[\\w aXw cm{„obw \\SØ- p∂- p≠v F∂X- mW- v. sFIyc- m{„ sk{I´- dn P\\d- ¬ Dƒs∏s- S- bp≈ D∂-tXm-tZym-K-ÿ¿s°-Xn-cmbn Nmc-{]-h¿Ø\\w \\S-Øm≥ Ata-cn-°≥ tÉv sk{I-´dn lnemcn ¢n‚¨Xs∂ DØ-chv \\¬In- b-Xm-bmWv tcJ-Iƒ ]d-bp-∂-Xv. Ch-cpsS hnc-e-S-bmfw Dƒs∏-sS- bp≈ Un F≥ F Um‰bpw a‰pw tiJ-cn-°m≥ lnemcn Xs∂ DØ- ch- n´p F∂mWv Btcm]- W- w. bp.F- ≥ DtZymK- ÿ- ¿s°X- nc- mb Nmc- hrØn bp.F∂n\\- p≈ AhI- mi- ß- fpw kwc£- W- ß- fpw kw_‘- n® 1946 se I¨sh≥js‚ \\·-amb ewL-\\-am-Wv. a≤y˛- ]- uc- kXv y tZisØ Atac- n°- b- psS KqVe- £- yß- f- nt- e°pw AhnsS Ah¿ kr„n-°p∂ Iep-jn-Xm-¥-co-£-Øn-te°pw hn°n- eoIvkv tcJ-Iƒ hnc¬ Nq≠p-∂p-≠v. Cdms\\ B{Ian°m≥ Ata- cn°- t- bmSv kuZn Bhi- ys- ∏´p F∂ shfns- ∏S- pØ- ¬ hfsc {it≤- b-am-Wv. Fß-s\\-bmWv km{am-PyXzw kz¥w Xm¬]-cy-߃°-\\p- kc- n®v Hmtcm taJe- b- nepw CSs- ]´v kwL¿jw kr„n°- p∂- Xv F∂- Xns‚ sXfn-hp-I-fn-sem-∂m-Wn-Xv. H∏w kuZn t]mep≈ cmPy-߃ Fßs\\ km{amP- yX- zØ- ns‚ Ifn∏- mh- I- f- mbn amdp∂p F∂pw sXfn- bn°- p∂- p. P¿Ω≥ Nm≥k-e¿ BRvPe sa¿°¬, {^©v {]kn-U‚ v \\nt°mfmkv k¿t°mkn, djy≥ {][m-\\-a{¥n hvfmUn-an¿ ]pSn≥ F-∂n-h-sc-°p-dn-®p≈ hne Ipd™ ]cm-a¿i-߃ Ata-cn-°-bpsS A[o-iXz at\\m-`m-hhpw F{X ]p—-tØm-sS-bmWv a‰v cm{„-ß-sf- bpw cm{„t- \\X- m°- s- fbpw Ah¿ ImWp∂Xv F∂pw hy‡a- m°- p∂p. lnemc- nbpw AXn\\- pa- pºv tIm≠e- nkm ssdkpw a‰p cmPyß- f- nse cm{„ob t\\Xm°- f- psS \\o°ß- ƒt]mepw tNm¿Øm≥ bp Fkv Fw_- kn-Iƒ°v \\n¿t±iw \\¬In-bn-cp-∂p-sh∂pw Btcm-]n-°-s∏-Sp-∂p. kz¥w Xm¬]c- yß- ƒ°mbn a‰p cmPyß- f- psS B`y¥- c Imcyß- ƒ G-X‰w hscbpw CS-s]-Sm≥ Ata-cn-°°v aSn-bn-s√∂v CXv sXfn-bn- °p∂- p. sFIy-cm{„ kan-Xn-bnse C¥y-bpsS ÿncmw-K-XzØn\\v H_ma ]n¥pW \\¬In-b-Xns‚ BtLmj elcn sI´-S-ßpw-apºv hn°n- eoIvkv CXp kw_-‘n® tcJ Ata-cn-°-bpsS D≈n-en-cn∏v hy‡- am°- p∂- p. H_ma- b- psS ]n¥pW D]m[- nI- t- fms- Sb- p≈- X- ms- W∂pw B D]m[- nI- ƒ NXn°- pg- nI- f- ms- W∂pw CSX- p]- £w At∏mƒXs∂ Nq≠n-

30 aqe-[\\w aXw cm{„obw Fw.-_n. cmtPjv °m´- nb- Xv icns- h°- p∂p hn°ne- oIvkv shfns- ∏S- pØ- e- pI- ƒ. CtXmsS sNfn sXdn®- nc- n°- p∂- Xv Atac- n°- b- pa- mbn X{¥]- c- a- mb kJy-sØ-°p-dn®v hmNm-e-cm-Ip∂ bp ]n F k¿°m-dns‚ apJ-Øp- Iq-Sn-bm-Wv. temIsØ GsXmcp cmPy-tØmSpw Ata-cn° sh®p-]p- e¿Øp∂ _‘-Øns‚ kz`m-hhpw Ah-cpsS A[o-iXz at\\m-`m- hhpw Cu tcJ-I-fn-eqsS shfn-s∏-Sp-∂p. C¥y-bpsS Imcy-Ønepw CXpX- s- ∂b- mWv hy‡a- mh- p∂- X- .v Atac- n°- b- pa- mb- p≈ _‘Ø- ns‚ Cu kz`m-h-sØ-bmWv CS-Xp-]£w FXn¿°p-∂-Xv. Xß-fpsS BtKmf ta[m-hnXzw \\ne-\\n¿Øm≥ F¥pw sNøm≥ aSn-bn-√mØ Ata-cn-°-bp-ambn Xpey-X-bp-sSbpw ]c-kv]c hnizm-k-Øn-s‚bpw ASnÿ- m\\- Ø- ne- p≈ _‘w Akm[- ya- ms- W∂ Xncn®- d- nh- pI- sf _e- s∏S- pØ- p∂- X- mWv tNm¿∂ph- c- p∂ hnhc- ß- ƒ. A‘a- mb Atac- n°- ≥ hnt[b- X- zsØ°pdn®v ]p\\¿hnNn¥- \\w \\SØ- m≥ Cu kw`h hnIm- k-߃ bp ]n F k¿°mcn\\pw AXns‚ hntZi \\b-cq-]o-I-cW h‡m-°ƒ°pw t{]c-W-bm-tI-≠-Xm-sW-¶nepw AXp-≠m-hp-sa∂v IcpX- m\\- mh- n√- . F¥m-bm-epw, hn°n-eoIvkpw Akm-RvPbpw Ata-cn-°bpsS Dd°w sISp-Øp-∂p≠v F∂p hy‡w. kzoU-\\nse he-Xp-]-£- k¿°m-cns\\ kzm[o-\\n®v Akm-RvP-bvs°-Xn-cmb ]g-sbmcp tIkv s]mSn X´n-sb-SpØv At±-lsØ AdÃv sNbvXv Ata-cn-°-bn-te°v sIm≠p-h-cm≥ {ian-°p-∂-Xn\\v Imc-Ww C\\nbpw tNmcm-\\n-cn-°p∂ clk- yß- sf Atac- n° A{Xt- bsd `bs- ∏S- p∂p F∂X- mW- v. hn°n- eoI- kv ns‚ ^≠nwKv t{kmX - pI- ƒ apgph- ≥ kΩ¿±hpw `ojW- nbpw D]-tbm-Kn®v AS-bv°m\\pw AXns\\ izmkw ap´n-°m\\pw Ata-cn° cwKØ- nd- ß- n°- g- n™- p. hn°ne- oI- kv ns\\ \\n»–- a- m°- m≥ Atac- n°- °v Ign™- mepw Cs√¶- nepw P\\m[- n]- X- ys- Ø°- pd- n®pw a\\pj- ymh- I- mi- - sØ-°p-dn-®p-sa√mw ]pc-∏p-dØp Ib-dn-\\n∂v {]kw-Kn-°m-dp≈ Ah- cpsS hnIr-X-apJw Xpd-∂p-Im-Wn-°p-∂-Xn¬ hn°n-eoIvkv hnP-bn-®n- cn-°p-∂p. Ah-cpsS shfn-s∏-Sp-Ø-ep-Iƒ temI a\\x-km-£n-°p-ap- ºn¬ Ata-cn-°sb {]Xn-ÿm-\\Øp Xs∂-bmWv \\n¿Øp-∂-Xv. kndmPv Zn\\]- {Xw 2011 Unkw_- ¿

31Fw.-_n. cmtPjv aqe-[\\w aXw cm{„obw BW-h-I-cm¿ AYhm Iog-S-ß-ens‚ DS-ºSn PpKp]kv mh- l- a- mb hnt[b- X- zØ- ns- ‚bpw bPa- m\\ `‡nb- ps- Sbpw {]XoI- a- mWv ASq¿ tKm]me- I- - rj- vWs‚ hnt[b- \\- nse sXmΩn F∂ IYm-]m-{Xw. \\ΩpsS {][m-\\-a{¥n a≥tam-l≥kn-ßn\\v Ata-cn-°≥ {]knU- ‚ v tPm¿Pv _pjnt- \\mS- p≈ hnt[b- Xzw sXmΩnbpw bPa- m\\- - \\mb ]t´e- cpw XΩne- p≈ _‘sØ A\\pk- vac- n∏- n°- p∂- p. BWh- - I-cm-dns‚ Imcy-Øn¬ _pjn\\p \\¬Inb hm°v ]men-°m-\\m-hmsX h∂m¬ kz¥w Kh¨sa‚n-s\\-t∏mepw _en Ign-°p-sa-∂mWv At±lØ- ns‚ i]Y- w. C¥y≥ ]m¿es- a‚n\\pw CSX- p]- £- Ø- n\\pw \\¬Inb Dd-∏p-Iƒ ewLn-°m≥ At±-l-Øn\\p aSn-bn-√. ]t£ _pjn\\p \\¬Inb- Dd∏v ewLn-°p∂ Imcyw Nn¥n-°m≥t]mepw At±lw A[oc- \\- mW- v. kz¥w k¿°m-cns‚ \\ne-\\n¬∏v, A]-I-S-Øn-em-bmepw BW-h- °-cm-dn¬\\n∂v ]n∑m-dn-s√∂ a≥tam-l≥knßns‚bpw tIm¨{K- kns‚bpw ]nSnh- mi- n°- p ]- n∂- ns- e¥- mWv? BWh- °- c- md- ns‚ t\\´ß- - sf-°p-dn-®p≈ k¿°m¿ tI{µ-ß-fpsS Ah-Im-i-hm-Z-ß-fn¬ F{X- tØmfw Igº- p≠?v F¥ps- Im≠- mWv CSX- p]- £w Icmd- ns‚ XpS°w apX-ep≈ FXn¿∏n¬ Aev]w-t]mepw hn´p-hogvN sNøm≥ Xøm-dm- hmØ- X?v Icm¿ h∂ hgn a≥tam-l≥kn-ßn-s‚ Ata-cn°m kµ¿i-Øn-s\\m-Sp-hn¬ 2005

32 aqe-[\\w aXw cm{„obw Fw.-_n. cmtPjv Pqsse 18˛- \\v At±l- hpw {]knU- ‚ v _pjpw tN¿∂v \\SØ- nb kwbp- ‡{- ]J- ym]- \\- Ø- ne- mWv BWh- °- c- md- ns- \\°- pd- n®- p≈ BZy]- c- ma- ¿i- ap≠m-Ip-∂-Xv. Ata-cn-°≥ BW-thm¿÷ \\nb-a-Øns‚ (Automatic Energy Act) 123˛- mw hIp∏- p{- ]I- mc- a- p≈- X- mb- X- ps- Im≠- mWv CXv 123 Icm¿ F∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp∂Xv. Ata-cn° GXp cmPy-hp-ambn G¿s∏-Sp∂ BWh kl-I-cW Icmdpw Ah-cpsS BW-thm¿P \\nb-a-Øns‚ 123 hIp-∏p-{]Imc-ap-≈Xm-Wv. _pjv˛ a≥tam-l≥ kwbp‡ {]Jym- ]-\\-Øns‚ D≈-S°w BW-h-°-cm¿ am{X-a-√. C¥ybpw Ata-cn- °bpw XΩne- p≈ cm{„ob- hpw kmºØ- nI- hpw ssk\\nI- h- pa- mb kl- Ic- Ww h¿≤n∏- n°- pI F∂X- mWv kwbp‡- {- ]J- ym]- \\- Ø- ns‚ D≈- S-°w. Cßs\\ kl-I-cWw h¿≤n-∏n-°p-∂-Xn-s‚bpw _‘w i‡n- s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xn-s‚bpw `mK-amWv BW-h- -°-cm¿. C¥ybpw Ata-cn- °bpw XΩn-ep≈ X{¥-]-c-amb kJy-Øns‚ `mK-amWv Cu Icm¿ F∂v CSX- p]- £w Nq≠n°- mW- n°- p∂- X- n\\v ImcW- a- nX- mW- v. B {]Jym]- \\- Ø- ns‚ `mKa- mbn \\neh- n¬h∂ C¥ym˛ Atac- n° kn.C- .H- . t^mdhpw AX- ns‚ \\n¿t±i- ß- fpw kmºØ- nI taJebn¬ X{¥-]-c-amb ]¶m-fnØw hf¿Øm-\\p-t±-in-®-h-bm-Wv. ]›m-Øe kuI-cyw, Du¿÷w, sSentImw XpS-ßnb taJ-e-I-fn¬ IqSp-X¬ DZmc- h- ¬°c- W- w, Irjnb- psS Itºmf- h- ¬°c- W- w, _m¶nMv, C≥jz- d≥kv, am[y-aw, dnb¬ FtÉv, D∂-X-hn-Zym-`ymkw XpS-ßnb taJ- eI- f- nse hntZi- a- qe- [- \\ \\nt£]- ]- c- n[n Db¿Ø¬, _u≤nI kzØ- hI- mi \\nba- ß- f- psS ]p\\x{Ia- oI- c- Ww F∂nh- s- b√mw kn.C- .H- . t^md- Øns‚ \\n¿t±-i-ß-fm-Wv. kn.-C.-H. t^mdw C¥y-°mbn sh®p-\\o- ´nb hmKvZm-\\-ß-fn¬ H∂mWv BWh kl-I-cW Icm¿. CXn- \\¿∞w- A-ta-cn-°≥ Xm¬]-cy-ßsf ap≥\\n¿Øn-bp≈ hn]p-e-amb Hcp _‘Øns‚ At`Zy `mK-am-WnXv F∂m-Wv. 2005˛- se kwbp‡ {]Jym]\\Ø- n\\v sXm´pa- pº- mbn AtXh- ¿jw Pq¨ 28˛- \\v H∏ps- h® {]Xnt- cm[ N´°- qSv Icmdpw Ct∏mƒ Ccp cmPy- ßfpw XΩn¬ N¿® sNbvXp sIm≠n-cn-°p∂ ssk\\nI hn\\ymk ˛tk-h\\ Icmdpw (Logistics Support Agreement) Cu X{¥-]-c-amb kJy-Øns‚ `mK-am-Wv. Ata-cn-°≥ {]Xn-tcm[ A≠¿ sk{I-´dn U•kv ^oØns‚ hni-Zo-I-c-W-a-\\p-k-cn®v bp Fkv tk\\-Iƒ°v C¥y≥ {]Xnt- cm[ Xmhf- ß- ƒ D]t- bmK- n°- m\\pw C¥y≥ aÆne- qsS

33Fw.-_n. cmtPjv aqe-[\\w aXw cm{„obw ssk\\nI- \\- o°w \\SØ- m\\pw A\\ph- mZw \\¬Ip∂- X- mb- nc- n°pw temPn- ÃnIkv v kt∏m¿´v F{Kns- a‚ .v CXmI- s´ \\mt‰m (NATO) bpsS Gjy- bn-te-°p≈ hn]pe- o-I-cW- Ø- ns‚ `mK-hp-amW- v. Cu X{¥]- c- a- mb ]¶mf- nØ- Ø- n\\v XpS°w Ipdn®XmIs´ Ign™ _n sP ]n t\\XrX- zØ- ne- p≈ k¿°mc- ns‚ ImeØ- mW- .v B k¿°m- cnse hntZ-i-Imcy a{¥n Pkz-¥vknßpw Aa-cn-°≥ hntZ-i-Imcy sk{I-´dn kvt{Sm_v Xm¬t_m´pw tN¿∂v \\S-Ønb F´p du≠v clky N¿®-I-fn-emWv Ct∏m-gsØ kJy-Øns‚ ASn-Ød cq]- s∏-´-Xv. CXns‚ `mK-ambn C¥y, Ata-cn-°-bpsS A¥m-cm{„ ssk\\nI ]cni- oe- \\ hn\\na- b ]cn]- mSn (IMET) bn¬ BZya- mbn ]¶m- fnb- mb- n. 2000˛- ¬ Atac- n°- b- psS hnhmZ- a- mb tZiob anssk¬ {]Xn- -tcm[ ]≤Xn (NMD)sb BZy-ambn kzmKXw sNbvX cmPy-ambpw C¥y amdn. 2001 sk]vXw-_¿ ]Xn-s\\m-∂nse `oI-cm-{I-a-W-Øns‚ ]›mØ- e- Ø- n¬ A∂sØ D]{- ][- m\\- a- {¥n AZzm\\n \\yqtbm¿°nse kn sF F Bÿm\\w kµ¿in®v N¿® \\SØ- pI- bpw `oIc- X- b- vs°- Xn-cmb Ata-cn-°≥ ]≤-Xn-Iƒ°v kl-I-cWw hmKvZm\\w sNøp- Ibpw D≠m-bn. B N¿®-bpsS ^e-am-bmWv F^v _n sF bpsS Hm^okv \\yqU¬ln-bn¬ Bcw-`n-°m≥ A\\p-h-Zn-®-Xv. C¥y Ata- cn-°-bpsS kzm`m-hnI kJy-cm-{„-am-sW∂v A∂sØ {][m-\\-a{¥n hmPvt]bn hntij- n∏- n®- Xpw Cu kµ¿`Ø- n¬ Hm¿Ωnt- °≠- X- mW- v. Aßs\\ _n. sP. ]n. `c-W-Im-eØp XpS-ßnb X{¥-]-c-amb kJy- Øns‚ kzm`m-hnI hf¿®-bmWv bp.-]n.-F. k¿°m-cns‚ ImesØ BWh- °- c- m¿. s]m≈-bmb Ah-Im-i-hm-Z-߃ C¥ysb h≥i‡- nb- mbn am‰p∂- X- n\\- p≈ klmb- a- mWv knhne- n- b≥ BWh kl-I-cWIcm¿ F∂mWv Ata-cn-°≥ tÉv sk{I- ´dn tIm≠-enkm ssdkv {]Jym-]n-®-Xv. B {]Jym-]-\\-Øn¬ aXn-a- d∂ tI{µk- ¿°mcpw AXns‚ h‡m°- fpw C¥yb- nse tIm¿]t- d‰v am[ya- ß- fpw BWh- °- c- md- ne- qsS C¥- y°- p≠- mI- m≥ t]mI- p∂ t\\´- ß-sf-°p-dn®v hmNm-e-cm-bn. Ah-cpsS {][m-\\-hmZw BW-h-I-cm¿ C¥y°v Du¿-÷-kp-c-£n-XXzw \\¬Ipw F∂-Xm-Wv. A¥m-cmjv{S hn-]-Wn-bn¬ FÆ-hne A\\p-Zn\\w IpXn-®p-b-cp∂ kml-N-cy-Øn¬

34 aqe-[\\w aXw cm{„obw Fw.-_n. cmtPjv FÆ Cd-°p-a-Xnsb B{i-bn-°p-∂Xv Ipd-bv°m≥ BW-thm¿÷w klmb- n°- ps- a∂- mWv {]Nc- n∏- n°- p∂- X- v. F∂m¬ Cu AhI- mi- h- m- Zß- s- f√mw ASnÿ- m\\- c- l- nX- a- ms- W∂p ImWmw. H∂m-a-Xm-bn, C-¥y-bpsS Du¿Pm-h-iy-ß-fn¬ 44.9%hpw \\nd-th-‰p- ∂Xv FÆbpw {]IrXn hmXI- h- pa- mW- v, F∂v Bkq{- XW- I- Ω- oj- s‚ ]Ømw ]≤Xn tcJ-Iƒ hy‡-am-°p-∂p. C¥y-bpsS Du¿Pm-hiy- Øns‚ apJy-]¶pw Db¿∂p-h-cp-∂Xv KXm-K-X-ta-J-e-bn-em-Wv. Cu taJe- b- nse h¿≤n°- p∂ Bhiyw t\\cnS- m≥ FÆs- b- Xs∂ B{i- bnt- °≠- nh- c- pw. bptd\\- nb- tam BWh- \\- ne- b- ß- ƒ D¬∏mZ- n∏- n°- p∂ sshZyp-Xntbm AXn\\v ]I-c-am-hn-√. C¥y-bpsS samØw Du¿÷ D¬]mZ- \\Øns‚ 3% am{Xa- mWv BWh Du¿÷Ø- ns‚ ]¶.v BWh Icm¿ bmYm¿∞y-am-bm¬ 40,000 saKm-hm´v sshZypXn D¬∏m-Zn-∏n- °m-sa∂ tI{µ-k¿°m-cns‚ Ah-Im-i-߃ apJ-hn-e-bvs°-Sp- Øm¬t]mepw AXv samØw Du¿÷ D¬∏m-Z-\\-Øns‚ 9% am{Xta hcp-∂p-≈q. CXn-\\¿∞w C¥y-bpsS Du¿÷ -D¬∏m-Z-\\-Ønepw Du¿÷ kpc-£-bnepw BW-thm¿÷w hln-°p∂ ]¶v KWy-a√ F∂-Xm-Wv. AXp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ Du¿÷-{]-Xn-k-‘n°v AsXmcp ASnb- ¥- nc ]cnl- mc- a- mI- p∂- n√- . c≠m-a-Xm-bn, Ffp-∏-Øn¬ Ah-ew-_n-°m-hp-∂Xpw sNe-hp-Ip-d- ™-Xp-amb a‰v Du¿÷-t{km-X- p-Iƒ e`y-am-Wv. \\mj-W¬ sslt{Um tIm¿]-td-js‚ IW-°p-Iƒ {]Imcw C¥y-bn¬ Pe- ssh-ZypX ]≤-Xn-I-fn-eqsS 30,000 saKm-hm´v sshZypXn IqSp-X-embn D¬∏m-Zn-∏n-°m-\\m-hpw. t\\∏mfpw `q´m-\\p-ambn kl-I-cn-®m¬ 55000 saKmh- m´v thsdbpw D¬∏mZn∏- n°- m\\- mh- pw. \\qdp h¿jt- Øb°v v B{i- bn-°m-hp∂ I¬°cn \\nt£-]hpw cmPy-Øp-≠v F∂mWv A\\p-am- \\w. CXn\\v ]pdsa h≥tXm-Xn¬ {]Ir-Xn-hm-XI \\nt£-]hpw C¥y- bn¬ Is≠-Øn-bn-´p-≠v. Im‰n¬\\n∂pw kutcm¿÷-Øn¬\\n-∂p-a- S°w ]mc-º-tcy-Xc t{kmX- p-I-fn¬\\n∂pw sshZypXn D¬∏m-Zn-∏n- °m-\\m-hpw. CXn-\\p-X-Ip∂ Xc-Øn¬ Du¿÷-ta-J-e-bnse s]mXp \\nt£]w h¿≤n∏- n°- pI- b- mWv th≠X- v. aq∂m-a-Xm-bn, G‰hpw sNe-th-dn-b-XmWv BW-thm¿÷w F∂v IW°- pI- ƒ sXfnb- n°- p∂- p. Cd°- pa- Xn sNbvX dnbmI- vSd- pI- ƒ D]- tbm-Kn®v Hcp saKm-hm´v sshZypXn D¬∏m-Zn-∏n-°m≥ 11 tImSn cq]-

35Fw.-_n. cmtPjv aqe-[\\w aXw cm{„obw bmWv sNehp hcp-∂-Xv. Xm] sshZypXn (I¬°cn D]-tbm-Kn-®v) BsW-¶n¬ Hcp saKm-hm-´n\\v \\mev tImSn cq] am{Xta sNehp hcp∂p-≈q. Pe-ssh-Zyp-Xntbm {]Ir-Xn-hm-XIw D]-tbm-Kn-®p≈ sshZyp-Xntbm BsW-¶n¬ CXv aq∂v tImSn cq]-bp-am-Wv. {][m-\\- a{¥n ]d-bp-∂Xv 2020-˛25 BIp-tºm-tgbv°v BW-h-°-cm-dns‚ ^e- ambn Cd-°p-aXn sNbvX dnbm-IvS-dp-I-fp-]-tbm-Kn®v 30,000 saKm-hm´v A[nI- s- shZ- ypXn D¬∏mZ- n∏- n°- m\\- mh- ps- a∂- mW- v. C{Xbpw sshZypXn D¬∏mZ- n∏- n°- m≥ 3.30 e£w tImSn cq] sNehp hcpw. I¬°cn D]- -tbm-Kn-®m¬ hcp∂ sNehv 1.20 e£w tImSn am{X-hpw. c≠v e£w tImSn cq]-bn-te-sd-bmWv BW-thm¿÷-Øn\\v hcp∂ A[nIs®e- hv. Cu c≠p-e£w tImSn cq] D]-tbm-Kn®v 2.5 e£w \\thm-Zbm hnZyme- b- ß- ƒ Bcw`- n°- m\\pw 2.5 tImSn Ip´nI- ƒ°v ]{¥≠mw ¢mkv hsc KpW-ta-∑-bp≈ hnZym-`ymkw kuP-\\y-ambn \\¬Im\\pw Ign- bpw. 100 InS°- I- f- p≈ 20,000 Bip]- {- XnI- ƒ Bcw`- n°- m\\pw C{Xbpw ]Ww aXnb- mI- pw. kmaql- nI t£a taJe- b- n¬ \\nt£]- n°- mh- p∂ hn`h- ß- f- mWv BWt- hm¿÷Ø- n\\- pt- h≠n ]mgm°- p∂- Xv F∂¿∞w. hnth-N-\\-]-c-amb D]m-[n-Iƒ BWt- hm¿÷Ø- n\\v C¥y Hcp {]m[m\\- yhpw \\¬Ic- pXv F∂√ CS-Xp-]- £w ]-d-bp-∂- -Xv. Xt±-io-b-amb BW-thm¿÷ ]≤-Xn-Iƒ hnIk- n∏- ns- ®S- p°- p∂- X- n\\- mWv C¥y ap≥KW- \\ \\¬tI≠- X- .v AXn\\v BWh- °- c- md- ns‚ Bhi- ya- n√ F∂p am{Xa- √- , Xt±i- ob- a- mb BWh ]≤-Xn-Isf BW-h-°-cm¿ A´n-a-dn-°p-Ibpw sNøpw F∂-XmWv bmYm¿Yyw. sIm´n-tLmj- n°- s- ∏S- p∂ \"h¨ Sp {Xn' Icm¿ C¥y°v kºq¿W-amb knhn-en-b≥ BWh kl-I-cWw Dd-∏p-\\¬Ip∂n-√ F∂-XmWv {][m\\ Imcyw. C‘-\\- k-ºp-jvSo-I-c-W-Øn\\pw ]p\\x- kwk- vIc- W- Ø- n\\pw Bhi- ya- mb kmt¶X- nIhnZy ssIamd- n√ F∂v Icm-dn¬ hy‡-am-°n-bn-´p-≠v. C¥y-bpsS {XnXe Xt±-iob BW- thm¿÷ ]≤-Xn°v CXv henb hn\\-bm-bn-Øo-cpw. ImcWw Cu ]≤Xn ]p\\xk- wk- Iv c- W- sØ B{ib- n®- mWv \\ne\\- n¬°p∂- Xv Xs∂. H∂mw L´-Øn¬ kºp-jvSo-I-cn® bptd-\\n-b-amWv Cu ]≤-Xn-bn¬ D]t- bmK- n°- p∂- X- v. c≠mwL- ´- Ø- n¬ D]t- bmK- n® C‘\\w ]p\\xk- w- kvIc- n®v πqt´mWnba- m°n am‰n ^mÃv {_oU¿ dnbmI- vSd- pI- f- n¬ D]-

36 aqe-[\\w aXw cm{„obw Fw.-_n. cmtPjv tbm-Kn-°p-∂p. Cu L´-Øn¬ tXmdn-bw, bptd-\\n-bw-˛233 Bbn ]cn- h¿Ø\\w hcp-Øp∂p. aq∂mw L´-Øn¬ tXmdn-bhpw bptd-\\n-bw ˛233 Dw tN¿∂ an{inXw dnbmI- Sv d- pI- f- n¬ D]t- bmK- n°- p∂- p. Cu ]≤Xn ^e-{]m-]vXn-bn-se-Ø-W-sa-¶n¬ kºp-jvSo-I-c-W-Øn-s‚bpw ]p\\x- kw-kvI-c-W-Øn-s‚bpw kmt¶-XnI hnZy F{X-am{Xw {][m-\\-am- sW∂v ]d-tb-≠-Xn-√-t√m. F∂m¬ B kmt¶-Xn-I-hnZy \"h¨ Sp {Xn' Icm¿ {]Imcw e`n-°p-I-bn-√. as‰mcp {]iv\\w kn-hn¬, ssk\\n-Im-h-iy-ßfpambn _‘-s∏´ \"Cc´ D]t- bmK- Ø- n\\'v Bhi- ya- mb kmt¶X- nI- h- nZ- ybpw kma{- KnI- fpw (dual use items) Cu Icm¿ {]Imcw e`y-a√ F∂-Xm-Wv. Cc´ D]- tbm-K-sa∂ \\n¿h-N-\\-Øn\\p Iogn¬ Ht´sd taJ-e-Iƒ hcp-sa-∂-Xn- \\m¬ CXns‚ {]XymL- mXw hepX- mb- nc- n°- pw. ^mÃv {_oU¿ dnbm- IvS-dp-Ifpw Cc´ D]-tbmK kma-{Kn-I-fpsS ]cn-[n-bn¬ hcp-sa-∂-Xn- \\m¬ CØcw dnbm-IvS-dp-Isf B{i-bn-®p≈ C¥y-bpsS Xt±-iob BWh hnI-k\\ ]≤Xn {]Xn-k-‘n-bn-em-hpw. aq∂m-asØ {]iv\\w, \"h¨ Sp {Xn' Icm¿ BWh C‘\\ e`yX Dd-∏p-X-cp-∂n√ F∂-Xm-Wv. sslUv BIvSv {]Im-cw, Icm¿ d±m-°- s∏´- m¬ Atac- n° C¥y°v C‘\\w \\¬In√ F∂p am{Xa- √ BWh hnX-cW {Kq∏nse (NSG) a‰v cmjv{S-ß-fp-ambn tN¿∂v C¥y-°p≈ C‘-\\-hn-X-cWw XS-bm≥ Ah¿ {]h¿Øn-°p-Ibpw sNøpw. am{X- a-√, d±m-°-s∏-´m¬ as‰mcp t{kmX- n¬\\n-∂p≈ C‘-\\hpw Ata- cn° \\¬Inb dnbm-IvS-dp-I-fn¬ D]-tbm-Kn-°p-hmt\\m ]p\\x-kw-kvI- cn-°mt\\m C¥y°v A\\p-a-Xn-bp-≠m-In-√. \\mem-a-Xm-bn, Icm¿ d±m-°-s∏-Sp-Itbm kl-I-cWw Ah-km-\\n- ∏n-°p-Itbm sNbvXm¬ BW-h-˛-B-W-th-Xc kma-{Kn-Iƒ Xncn-s®- Sp-°m≥ Ata-cn-°°v Ah-Im-i-ap-≠m-bn-cn-°pw. am{X-a√ Cd-°p- aXn sNbvX dnbm-IvS-dp-I-sfbpw bptd-\\n-b-sØbpw B{i-bn-®mWv BW-thm¿÷ D¬∏m-Z\\w apt∂m´p sIm≠p-t]m-hp-I. CXn\\v t\\csØ I≠-Xp-t]mse h≥tXm-Xn-ep≈ apX¬ap-S°v Bh-iy-am- Wv. bptd-\\nbw hne \\nb-{¥n-°p-∂-Xm-Is´ Cu cwKØp IpØ-I- bp≈ GXm\\pw cmPyß- f- S- ß- nb {Kq∏mW- v. Ign™ GXm\\pw h¿j- ߃°n-S-bn¬ Xs∂ bptd-\\nbw hne A©n-c-´n-bmbn h¿≤n-°p-I- bp-≠mbn Ft∂m¿°p-I. h≥ apX¬ap-S°pw sNe-th-dnb C‘-

37Fw.-_n. cmtPjv aqe-[\\w aXw cm{„obw \\hpw tZmjI- c- a- mb hyhÿ- I- fpw BWh- I- c- md- ns‚ t\\´ß- s- f°- p- dn®- p≈ AhI- mi- h- mZ- Ø- ns‚ \\nc¿∞I- X hy‡a- m°- p∂- p. -kzX{¥ hntZ-i-\\-b-Øns‚ KXn BWh- I- c- md- n\\v \\¬tI≠- nh- c- p∂ kmºØ- nI hnet- b°- mƒ hep- XmWv cm{„ob- h- ne- . Icmd- ns- ebpw Ic- md- ns\\ `cn°- p∂ sslUv \\nb- a-Øn-tebpw hyh-ÿ-Iƒ hyh-ÿ-Iƒ C¥y-bpsS tZiob ]c-am- [n-Im-c-Øn\\pw hntZ-i-\\-b-Øn\\pw henb `ojWn Db¿Øp-∂-h-bm- Wv. \"sslUv BIvSpw' \"h¨ Sp {Xn Icmdpw' XΩn¬ _‘a- n√ F∂ tI{µ-k¿°m-cns‚ hmZw icn-b-√. B¿´n-°nƒ 2,1 ¬ Icm¿ \\S-∏m- °p-∂Xv _-‘-s∏´ I£n-I-fpsS tZiob \\nb-a-߃°v A\\p-kr-X- am-bn-´m-bn-cn°pw F∂v hy‡-am-°n-bn-´p-≠v. Ata-cn-°sb kw-_- ‘n®v Icm-dn\\v _m[-I-amb tZiob \\nbaw sslUv \\nb-a-amWv F∂pw Hm¿°p-I. sslUv \\nb-a-{]-Imcw A¥m-cmjv{S Bbp-[-]-cn- tim[- I- ¿°v C¥yb- psS BWh- \\- ne- b- ß- ƒ ]cnt- im[- n°- m\\- mbn Xpd- ∂ps- ImS- p°- W- w. Bhi- ya- mb L´Ø- n¬ D`b- I- £n ]cnt- im[- I- sc A\\ph- Z- n°- W- s- a∂pw ]db- p∂- p≠- .v CXv Atac- n°- ≥ ]cnt- im[- I- ¿°v IS-∂p-h-cm-\\p≈ ]n≥hm-Xn-em-Wv. Cu hyhÿ F{X-am{Xw A]-I- S-I-c-am-sW∂v {]tXyIw ]d-tb-≠-Xn-√-t√m. Cdm-Jn-s‚bpw Cdm- t‚bpw Bbp[- ]- c- nt- im[- \\- bpw BWh- \\- ne- b ]cnt- im[- \\- b- ps- a√mw cm{„o-bm-h-iy-߃°v Bbp-[-am-bn-Øo¿∂-Xns‚ A\\p-`-h-߃ \\ΩpsS ap∂n-ep-≠v. C¥y `mhn-bn¬ BW-h-]-co-£Ww \\S-Ø- cpXv F∂ hyh-ÿ Icm-dn-ep-≠v. C¥y kzta-[bm kzoI-cn-t°≠ Hcp \\ne-]mSv Ata-cn-°-tbm-Sp≈ _m[y-X-bm-bn-Øo-cp-∂Xv H´pw Bim-ky-a-√. sslUv \\nb-a-Øns‚ 104 (A)2 hIp∏p {]Imcw bp.- Fk- v. {]knU- ≠- n\\v Ft∏mƒ thWs- a¶- nepw Icm¿ d±m°- m≥ A[n- Im-c-ap-≠m-bn-cn-°pw. AXn-`o-a-amb apX¬ap-S°p \\S-Øn-b-tijw Icm¿ d±m°- s- ∏´- m¬ C¥y°- mb- nc- n°pw \\jvSw. AXps- Im≠v Icm¿ d±m-°m-\\p≈ sslUv \\nb-a-{]-Im-c-ap≈ A[n-Imcw C¥y-°p-ta¬ kΩ¿±w sNep-Øm\\pw hcp-Xn-bn¬ \\n¿Øm\\pw Ata-cn° D]-tbm- Kn°- pw. sslUv \\nb-a-Øns‚ G‰hpw henb {]Xym-LmXw hntZ-i-\\-b- Øns‚ taJe- b- ne- mW- v. C¥y≥ hntZi\\bw Atac- n°- ≥ \\bØ- n\\v

38 aqe-[\\w aXw cm{„obw Fw.-_n. cmtPjv A\\pk- rX- a- mW- v F∂v bp.F- k- v. {]knU- ‚ v tIm¨{Kk- n\\v hm¿jnI dnt∏m¿´v \\¬IW- s- a∂- mWv Hcp hyhÿ- . [Sec.104g (2) E(i)] C¥y≥ hntZi- \\- bw Atac- n°- ≥ \\bØ- n\\- \\- pk- rX- a- mWv F∂v {]knU- ‚nt\\m tIm¨{- Kk- nt\\m t_m[yw h∂ns- √¶- n¬ Icm¿ d±m°- s- ∏S- mw. Icm¿ d±m°- s- ∏S- p∂- X- ns‚ \\jvSß- ƒ Hgnh- m°- m≥ hntZi- \\- b- Ø- n¬ Ata- cn°- ≥ kΩ¿±ß- ƒ°v C¥y hgt- ß≠- nh- c- pw. sslUv \\nba- Ø- nse Cu hnNn-{X-amb hyh-ÿ-bp-sS -A¿∞w C¥y°v kzX{¥ hntZ-i- \\bw Bhi- ya- n√ F∂pX- s- ∂b- mW- v. C¥yb- psS hntZi- \\- bw C\\n apX¬ Atac- n°- ≥ `cW- I- qSw \\n›b- n°- p∂- X- mb- nc- n°- pw. AXns‚ kqN-\\-Iƒ CXn-\\Iw Xs∂ [mcmfw D≠m-bn-´p-≠v. ap≥ _n.-sP.-]n. k¿°m-dns‚ Imew apX¬ Xs∂ C¥y hntZ-i-\\-b-Øn¬ Ata-cn- °≥ hnt[-bXzw {]I-Sn-∏n®p XpS-ßn-bn-cn-°p-∂p. CdmJv B{I-a- Whpw ]ek- vXo≥ {]iv\\h- pa- pƒs∏s- Sb- p≈ {]iv\\ß- f- n¬ kzoIc- n® kao-]\\ßfpw C{k-tb-ep-ambn hf¿Øn-sb-SpØ kl-I-c-Whpw DZml- c- W- ß- ƒ. bp.]- n.F- . k¿°mcpw B hgn°- pX- s∂ \\oßn. k±mw lpssks‚ h[-apƒs∏-sS-bp≈ {]iv\\-ß-fn¬ C¥y Ata-cn-°≥ bPa- m\\- \\- pt- h≠n hgph- g- p∏- ≥ \\ne]- mSv kzoIc- n®- p. ]mek- vXo≥ P\\- X-tbm-Sp≈ {]Xn-_-≤-X-bn¬ ambw tN¿Øp. C{k-tb-ep-am-bp≈ NßmØw IqSp-X¬ i‡-ambn XpS¿∂p. BW-h-°-cm¿ hmKvZm-\\- Øn\\- p]- I- c- a- mbn sF F C- F- b- n¬ Cdms- \\X- nsc c≠pX- h- W C¥y thm´p sNbvXp. C¥y Nnc-Ime- a- mbn Db¿Øn∏- nS- n® \\ne-]mSv e÷- bn√- msX _enI- g- n®- mb- nc- p∂p Cu ae°w adn®- n¬. sslUv BISv n¬ hntZi- \\- b- sØ kw_‘- n® `mKß- f- n¬ Cdms- \\°- pd- n®v aq∂p XhW ]cm-a¿in-®n-cp-∂p. C¥y˛bp Fkv BW-h-°-cm¿ Cdm-\\p≈ i‡- amb ktµ-i-amWv F∂v tIm≠-enkm ssdkv ]d-bp-∂p. Cdms‚ Imcy-Øn¬ C¥y Ata-cn-°-s°m-∏-ap-≠m-Ip-sa∂v {]Xo-£n-°p-∂- Xmbn cm{„obImcy A≠¿ sk{I-´dn \\nt°m-fmkv t_¨kpw ]d- bp-I-bp-≠m-bn. sF F C Fbn¬ Cdm-s\\-Xn-cmbn C¥y c≠p XhW thm´p sNbXv Xv bp.F- k- .v kΩ¿±sØ- XpS- ¿∂mb- nc- p∂psh∂v {]apJ C¥y≥ \\b-X{¥ DtZym-K-ÿ≥ Ão^≥ sdbvUvta-°dpw hnc-an-®-tijw shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp-I-bp-≠m-bn. Cdm≥˛ ]mIn-ÿm≥˛ C¥y ss]]v sse≥ ]≤-X- n-bpsS A\\n-›n-X-Xz-Øn\\v ]n∂n¬ Ata- cn-°-bpsS C¥y-°p-ta-ep≈ kΩ¿±-amWv F∂Xv Hcp cl-ky-a-√.

39Fw.-_n. cmtPjv aqe-[\\w aXw cm{„obw ss]∏v sse≥ ]≤X- n°- pt- h≠n hmZn® aWni- ¶- ¿ Aøsc ÿm\\{- `- jSv \\- m°n Atac- n°- ≥ tem_nb- psS h‡mhv apcfn tZhdv sb s]t{Sm- fnbw a{¥n-bmbn Ah-tcm-[n-°p∂nS-tØm-f-saØn Ata-cn-°≥ CS- s]-S¬. kzX{¥ hntZ-i-\\-b-Øns‚ h‡m-hmb {]K¤ \\b-X-{¥- ⁄≥ IqSnb- mb ap≥ hntZi- I- mc- ya- {¥n \\Svh¿knß- n\\- p≠- mb A\\p- `-h-Øn\\p ]n∂nepw Ata-cn-°≥ ssIbp≠v F∂v ImWm-Xn-cn-°-cp- Xv. C¥y-bpsS kzX{¥ hntZ-i-\\-b-Øn\\v lm\\n-I-c-amb X{¥-]-c- amb kJyh- pa- mbn BWh- °- c- m¿ Fßs\\ _‘s- ∏´- nc- n°- p∂p F∂- Xn\\v Atac- n°- ≥ tÉv A≠¿ sk{I´dn \\nt°mf- mkv t_¨kns‚ hm°pI- ƒ Xs∂b- mWv sXfnh- .v Icmd- ns- \\°- pd- n®v At±lw ]db- p∂p ˛ \"\"s\\lvdphpw At±-l-Øns‚ tNcn-tN-cm-\\-bhpw \\ne-\\n∂ Ime- tØmfw C¥ybpw Ata-cn-°bpw XΩn¬ CXp-t]m-semcp X-{¥-]-c- amb kJyw km[y-am-Ip-am-bn-cp-∂n-√.'' F∂v. Cdm≥ _‘w, hntZ-i- \\bw F∂n-h-bpsS Imcy-Øn¬ Ata-cn-°≥ \\ne-]m-Sn\\v C¥y-bpsS ]n¥pW Dd-∏m-°m≥ BW-h-°-cm¿ Imc-W-am-Ip-sa∂pw t_¨kv Xpd∂p ]dbpIbp-≠m-bn. (Hu´v ep°v BKkvXv 2007) BW-h-°- cmdpw X{¥-]-c-amb kJyhpw kzX{¥ hntZ-i-\\-bhpw ]c-kv]cw _‘-s∏-´XmWv F∂ CS-Xp-]£ \\ne-]mSv F{X-am{Xw icn-bmWv F∂- mWv CsX√mw sXfnb- n°- p∂- X- v. B¿°mWv KpWw? Atac- n°- °v kmºØ- nI- a- mbpw X{¥]- c- a- mbpw Gsd {]tbmP- \\w sNøp-∂-XmWv Cu Icm¿. kmº-Øn-I-ambn ssk\\nI hyh-km-b- hp-ambn _‘-s∏´ _lp-cm{„ IpØ-I-Iƒ°v iX-tImSn tUmf-dn- \\p≈ Icm-dp-Iƒ e`n°pw F∂-XmWv KpWw. Ata-cn-°≥ BW-h- hyh- k- mbw Xs∂ hntZi- h- n]- W- nsb B{ib- n®- mWv \\ne\\- n¬°p∂- - Xv. Icm¿ bmYm¿∞y-am-bm¬ hºn® C¥y≥ BWh hn]Wn Ah¿°v Xpd-∂p-In-´pw. AhnsS Ah-km-\\-ambn Hcp dnbm-IvS¿ ÿm]n°- s- ∏´- Xv 1973˛emW- v. AhnsS th≠mØXmWv Ah¿ \\ap°v hn¬°p-∂-Xv. Ata-cn-°≥ ssk\\nI hyh-km-b-Øn\\pw BW-h-°- cm-dn-e- qsS i‡n-s∏-Sp∂ ssk\\nI {]Xn-tcm[ kl-I-cWw henb em`-I-c-amb Icm-dp-Iƒ e`y-am-°pw. t]m¿hn-am-\\-߃, bp≤-°-∏- epI- ƒ, ]oc¶- nI- ƒ, dUmd- pI- ƒ F∂nh- s- °√- ma- p≈ Icmd- pI- ƒ CtXm-

40 aqe-[\\w aXw cm{„obw Fw.-_n. cmtPjv S\\- p_‘- a- mbn Atac- n°- ≥ IpØI- I- ƒ°v e`n°- pw. Ct∏mƒXs∂ 126 bp≤ hnam\\- ß- - ƒ°mb- p≈ 45,000 tImSnb- psS Icmd- n\\v c≠v Ata- cn-°≥ _lp-cm-{„- - Ip-Ø-I-I-fpsS kΩ¿±w i‡-am-bn-cn-°p-∂p. BW-h-°-cm-dns\\ Cu {]Xn-tcm-[-I-cm¿ t\\Sm-\\p≈ Hcp D]m-[n-bm- bn-´mWv Ah¿ ImWp-∂-Xv. 123=126 F∂ Hcp ka-hm-Iy-sØ-°p-dn- ®p-t]mepw Ata-cn-°≥ `c-W-Iq-S-Øns‚ CS-\\m-gn-I-fn¬ kwkm-c-ap- ≠-t{X. CXnt- \\°- mƒ henb X{¥]- c- a- mb t\\´a- mWv Atac- n°- °v D≠m- hp-∂-Xv. G‰hpw apJy-amb Imcyw \\mep ]Xn-‰m-≠p-apºv C¥y H∏n- Sm≥ hnk-Ω-Xn® BWh \\n¿hym-]\\ Icm-dnse (F≥ ]n Sn) hyh- ÿ-Iƒ BW-h-°-cm¿ aptJ\\ ]n≥hm-Xn-en-eqsS ASn-t®¬∏n-°m- sa-∂-Xm-Wv. Ata-cn-°-bpsS BtKmf e£y-߃°m-bp≈ ]≤-Xn- I-fn¬ Gjy-bnse hnizkvX ]¶m-fn-bm°n C¥ysb am‰m≥ CXp klm-bn°pw F∂-XmWv as‰mcp t\\´w. ]›n-ta-jy-bpsS `q]Sw Xs∂ am‰n hc-bv°p-Ibpw C{k-tb-ens\\ i‡n-s∏-SpØn Ad_v cmPyß- sf inYne- oI- c- n°- pI- bpw sNøpI F∂Xpw adp`- mK- Øv AXn- thKw hf¿∂p hcp∂ ssN\\-tbbpw djy-tbbpw ]nSn-®p-sI-´pI F∂Xpw Atac- n°- b- psS {][m\\ X{¥]- c- a- mb e£yß- f- mW- v. CXp c≠pw \\S∏- m°- p∂- X- n¬ C¥yb- psS tkh\\w {][m\\- a- mW- v F∂v Ata- cn° a\\- n-em-°p∂p. Hcp Pq\\n-b¿ ]¶m-fn-bm-°n, hnizkvX kJy- I-£n-bm°n C¥ysb am‰p-∂-Xn-eqsS X߃°v henb t\\´ap- ≠mIpw F∂pw Ah¿ IW-°p-Iq-´p-∂p. BW-h-°-cm-dn-eqsS C¥y- bp-ambn X{¥-]-c-amb kJy-ap-≠m-°m-\\m-hp-∂-Xns‚ t\\´-ß-sf-°p- dn®v tIm≠-enkm ssdkv Ata-cn-°≥ tIm¨{K-kn-\\p-ap-ºn¬ hni- Zo-I-cn-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn. B IW-°p-Iq-´-ep-Isf ASn-ÿm-\\-am-°n-Ø- s∂-bmWv Cu BW-h-°-cm-dn-\\p-th≠n _pjv `c-W-IqSw C{X sh{]mfw ImWn-°p-∂-Xpw. ]t£, a≥tam-l≥kntßm? BWh- °- c- md- ns\\ Nqg∂v p\\- n¬°p∂ clk- ymfl- I- X- b- ps- Sbpw Zpcq- lX- b- ps- Sbpw HSph- ne- sØ sXfnh- mWv sF F CFb- pa- mbn kpc£m am\\Z- fi- I- cm¿ kw_‘- n® N¿®b- psS ImcyØ- n¬ k¿°m¿ ae°w adn-™-Xv. sF F C F t_m¿Uv Hm^v Kth¨kp-am-bp≈ N¿®, hnizmk- t- hm´v t\\Snb tijw am{Xta D≠mIq F∂mb- nc- p∂p BZyw {]W_v apJ¿Pn hy‡-am-°n-b-Xv. F∂m¬ ]n-∂oSv {][m-\\-a-{¥n-

41Fw.-_n. cmtPjv aqe-[\\w aXw cm{„obw bpa- mbn N¿® \\SØnbt- ijw B hm°v ]men°- msX kpc£- ma- m\\- - Z-fi-I-cm-dns‚ D≈-S°w CS-Xp-]-£-Øn\\v e`y-am-°m-Xn-cp-∂-Xn\\v k¿°m¿ ]d™ \\ymbw AXv cl-ky-tc-J-bm-sW-∂m-b- n-cp-∂p. F∂m¬ CtX tcJ Atac- n°- ≥ sh_vssk‰- pI- f- n¬ e`ya- ms- W∂v CS-Xp-]£w Nq≠n-°m-´n-b-t∏mƒ cl-ky-sa∂p ]d™ tcJ k¿°m¿ ]cm-P-b-s∏-Sp-Øp-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. k¿°m¿ P-\\-ß-tfbpw cmPyt- Øbpw I_- f- n∏- n°- pI- b- mb- nc- p∂p F∂mW- nXv hy‡a- m°- p∂- - Xv. Ic- md- ns‚ XpS°w apX¬ \\ne\\- n¬°p∂ kpXmc- yX- b- n√- mb- vabpw k¿°m-cns‚ ]c-kv]-c-hn-cp≤ \\ne-]m-Sp-Ifpw Xpd-∂p-Im-Wn-°-s∏-´n- cn°- pI- b- mW- v. C¥y≥ ]m¿es- a‚ns‚ hnImc- hpw CSX- p]- £- Ø- ns‚ FXn¿∏pw BWh imkv{X-⁄-∑m-cpsS `n∂m-`n-{]m-b-ßfpw hI-sh-°m-sX- bmWv a≥tam-l≥knßpw Iq´cpw BW-h-°-cm-dn-\\p-th≠n hmin- ]n-Sn-°p-∂-Xv. ]m¿e-sa‚n¬ hnjbw N¿® sNbvX-t∏mƒ `qcn-]-£m- `n-{]mbw Icm-dn-s\\-Xn-cm-bn-cp-∂p. CS-Xp-]£w XpS°w apX¬ hn´p- hog- Nv b- n√- msX Icmd- ns\\ FXn¿Øph- c- p∂- p. CSX- p]- £ ]n¥pW- b°v v ASn-ÿm-\\-amb s]mXp-an-\\naw ]cn-]m-Sn-bn¬ Ata-cn-°-bp-am-bp≈ X{¥-]c- -amb kJy-sØ-°p-dn®v ]cma- ¿in®- n-√. kzX{¥ hntZi- -\\-b- tØmS- p≈ {]Xn_- ≤- X s]mXpa- n\\- naw ]cn]- mS- nb- ne- p≠- pX- m\\- pw. AWp- i‡n IΩo-js‚ ap≥sN-b¿am≥ ]n.-sI. Aø-¶m¿, AWp-i‡n Kth-jW- -tI{µw ap≥ Ubd- I- vS¿amc- mb F. F≥. {]kmZ- v, πmknUv tdm{Un-Kvkv, F. tKm]m-e-Ir-jvW≥ XpS-ßnb {]apJ BW-h-im- k{v X⁄- cpw PÃn - pa- mc- mb Poh≥ sdÕn, IrjWv ø- ¿, ]n._- n. kmh- ¥v XpSßn \\nch- [n \\nba- ⁄- cpw Dƒs∏sS _p≤nP- ohn kaql- hpw _lp-P\\ A`n-{]m-bhpw Icm-dn-s\\-Xn-cm-bn-cn-°p-tºmgpw a≥tam- l≥kn-ßn\\pw tIm¨{K-kn\\pw Icm¿ Dt]-£n-°m≥ hø. P\\-ß- tfmSpw cmPy-tØm-Sp-ap≈ {]Xn-_-≤-Xtb°mƒ Ata-cn-°≥ `c-W- IqS- t- ØmS- mW- h- ¿°v IS∏- mS- .v k¿hI- me- sdt°m¿Uns- eØ- nb ]W- s∏-cp-∏hpw hne-°-b-‰hpw ]nSn®p \\n¿Øp-∂-Xn-e-√, cmPy-Xm¬]-cy- ߃s°-Xn-cmb BW-h-°-cm¿ \\S-∏m-°p-∂-Xn-em-W-h¿°v hy{K-X. _n sP ]n bmIs´ Nn√d t`Z-K-Xn-I-tfmsS Icm¿ Bhm-sa∂ \\ne- ]mS- ne- mW- v. Atac- n°- b- pa- mb- p≈ X{¥]- c- a- mb kJyØ- n\\v Ahcpw FXn-c-√. B kJy-Øns‚ in¬]n-Iƒ F∂ JymXn (?) X߃°p-

42 aqe-[\\w aXw cm{„obw Fw.-_n. cmtPjv am{Xw e`n-°-W-sa∂v Ah¿ B{K-ln-°p-∂p. AXp tIm¨{K- p- ambn ]¶ps- h°- m\\- mh- n√ F∂Xp am{Xa- mWv Ahc- - psS {]i\\v w. F¥p- sIm≠- mWv Cu kam\\- X? Ccp]- m¿´nI- fpw Htc h¿§sØ {]Xn\\- n[o- Ic- n°- p∂XpsIm≠- pX- s- ∂. C¥y≥ `cW- h- ¿§ß- ƒ km{amP- yXz aqe- [\\- Ø- ns‚ kJyi- ‡- nI- f- mbn (Cf- b ]¶mf- nI- f- mb- n) hfc- m≥ sImXn- °p-∂-Xns‚ {]Xn-^-e-\\-amWv tIm¨{K-kns‚bpw _n sP ]nbp- sSbpw kam-\\-amb km{am-Py-Xzm-\\p-Iqe \\ne-]m-Sp-Iƒ. Cu kµ¿`Ø- n¬ cmPyX- m¬]cyw Db¿Øn∏- nS- n°- p∂- Xv CSX- p]- - £-am-Wv. tZiob {]ÿm-\\-Øns‚ {]_p≤ ]mc-ºcyw ]n¥p-S-cp- ∂Xpw B IS-a-Iƒ- C∂v \\nd-th-‰m≥ s]mcp-Xp-∂Xpw CS-Xp-]£w am{X-am-Wv. tZiob kzmX-{¥y-Øn-s‚bpw ]c-am-[n-Im-c-Øn-s‚bpw s\\dpI- b- n¬ _pjns‚ _q´vkn´ ImepI- ƒ Aa¿Øn®- h- n´- m≥ A\\p- h-Zn-°n-s√∂v {]Jym-]n-®Xv CS-Xp-]-£-a-√msX a‰m-cp-a-√. C¥ysb hngpß- m≥ hm ]nf¿∂p h∂ h¿§ob i‡nI- sf ]nSn®- ps- I´- nb AtX cm{„ob C—mi- ‡- nt- bmsS CSX- p]- £w tZim`- na- m\\- {- ]t- NmZ- nX- a- mb Cu t]mcm´- Ø- nepw hodpI- mW- n°- pI- b- mW- v. tZim`- na- m\\n hmcnI 2008 Pqembv 27

43Fw.-_n. cmtPjv aqe-[\\w aXw cm{„obw H_m-a-bpsS C¥ym-k-µ¿i\\w H_ma BtLm-j-]q¿∆w h∂p-t]m-bn. Zo]m-h-en-°mesØ kµ¿i\\w AXn-t\\-°mƒ henb BtLm-j-am-bmWv C¥y-bnse tIm¿]-td‰v am[y-a-ß-fpw Ah-cpsS tIc-f-Ønse A\\p-bm-bn-Ifpw sIm≠mS- nb- X- v. BtLmjw Kw`oc- a- m°- m≥ th≠{X hI H_ma- bpw antjepw \\¬Ip-Ibpw sNbvXp. apwss_-bn¬ Ip´n-Iƒs°m∏w \\rØw sNbvXXpw lpa-bq¨ ih-Iq-Soc kµ¿i-\\hpw lnµn-bn¬ \"_lqXv [\\y-hmZv' F∂p XpSßn ]©-X-{¥-Øn¬ Ah-km-\\n-∏n® ]m¿e-sa‚ v {]kw-K-Ønse s]mSn-ss°-I-fp-sa√mw hm¿Ø-I-fn¬ \\nd™p. {]kw-K-Nm-Xp-cnbpw NSp-e-N-e-\\-ß-fp-ambn sk≥{S¬ lmfnse \\nd™ kZ- ns\\ BI¿jn®psh∂Xv icn-X-s∂. Bcm- [\\ aqØ hen-sbmcp hn`mKw Fw.-]n-am¿ H_ma ]d-bp-∂-Xn-s\\√mw IøS- n°- m≥ ImØnc- n°- pI- b- mb- nc- p∂- p. \\m¬]Ø- nb- ©v an\\p´v \\o≠ {]kwKw ap∏-Øn-b©v XhW IøSn t\\Sn-b-t∏mƒ H_m-a-t]mepw A¤pX- s- ∏´- nc- n°- W- w. BtLmj- ß- f- psS Bch- a- S- ß- nb- nc- n°- p∂- p. C\\n hneb- nc- pØ- e- n\\- p≈ kab- a- mW- v. CS-Xp-]-£-\\n-e-]mSv H_m-a-bpsS {]kwKw tIƒ°m≥ CS-Xp-]£ Fw.-]n-am¿ t]mb- Xn-s\\-°p-dn®v ]e \\nco-£-W-ß-fp-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. Nne¿°v A¤p- Xhpw tXm∂n. Hcp Imcyw Ak-µn-Kv≤-ambn hy‡-am-t°-≠-Xp-≠v. CS-Xp-]-£-Øn\\v H_m-a-sb-°p-dn®v hymtam-l-ß-sfm-∂p-an-√. (H-cp- thf hymtam-l-Øn-em-≠p-t]mb Ata-cn-°≥ P\\X Xs∂bpw

44 aqe-[\\w aXw cm{„obw Fw.-_n. cmtPjv AXn¬\\n∂v ap‡-am-bn-cn-°p-∂p-sh-∂mWv HSp-hn-esØ sXc-s™- Sp-∏p-^ew sXfn-bn-®-Xv.) F∂m¬ \\h-bm-Ym-ÿn-Xn-I-\\mb tPm¿Pv _pjn¬\\n∂v Ncn{- XØ- nse BZysØ Bt{^m ˛ Atac- n°- ≥ {]kn- U‚mb H_m-a-bv°p≈ hyXymkw CS-Xp-]£w IW-°n-se-Sp-°p- ∂p-sh-∂p-am-{Xw. AXv IW-°n-se-Sp-Ø-t∏mƒ Xs∂ H_m-a-bpsS kµ¿i\\e£y-ß-sf-°p-dn®v i‡hpw hna¿i-\\m-fl-I-hp-amb \\ne- ]mS- mWv CSX- p]- £w kzoIc- n®- X- v. CSX- p]- £- \\- ne- ]- mS- pI- ƒ ]q¿Æa- mbpw icns- h°- p∂- X- mWv kµ¿i- \\Ø- ns‚ _m°n]- {- Xw. CSX- p]- £w \\nc¥- cw Nq≠n°- mW- n®- ps- Im- ≠nc- p∂ km{amP- yX- z˛- k- mº- Ø- nI- ˛ cmjv{Sob Xm¬]c- yß- sf hy‡- ambn {]Xn-^-en-∏n-°p-∂p-≠v kµ¿i-\\-Øn-sem-Sp-hn¬ ]pd-Øn-d- °nb kwbp‡ {]Jym-]\\w. _n.-sP.-]n. k¿°m-cns‚ ImeØv cq]- s∏´p XpSß- nb- Xpw a≥taml- ≥knMv \\bn® H∂mw bp]nF k¿°m- cns‚ ImeØv BWh- I- c- m¿ AS°- a- p≈- \\S]- S- nI- f- ne- qsS i‡ns- ∏- ´X- pa- mb X{¥]- c- a- mb kJyw Ac°- n´- pd- ∏- n°- p∂- X- mb- nc- p∂p H_ma- bpsS kµ¿i-\\w. C¥ybpw Ata-cn-°bpw XΩn¬ Xpey-X-bpsS ASnÿ- m\\- Ø- ne- p≈ _‘hpw klI- c- W- hpw hf¿Øp∂- X- n\\v CS- Xp-]£w FXn-c-√. F∂m¬ Ct∏mƒ Du´n-bp-d-∏n-®n-´p≈ X{¥-]-c- amb _‘w Xpey-X-bpsS ASn-ÿm-\\-Øn-ep-≈-X√ F∂pw CXn¬ C¥yb- psS ÿm\\w Hcp Iogmf kJyI- £- nb- pt- SXv am{Xa- mWv F∂- Xp-am-Wv {]iv\\w. kmº-ØnI ˛ cmjv{Sob taJ-e-I-fn¬ am{X-a√ ssk\\nI ˛ {]Xn-tcm[ taJ-e-I-fnepw C¥y Iogmf ]¶m-fn-bmbn amdpI- b- mW- v. kµ¿i-\\-Øns‚ ]›m-Øew C¥yb- pa- mbn ¢n‚¨, _pjv F∂nh- c- psS ImeØv XpSß- ns- h® X{¥]- c- a- mb kJyw i‡ns- ∏S- pØ- m≥ B`y¥- c- hpw _mlyh- pa- mb kml-N-cy-߃ H_m-asb \\n¿_-‘n-X-\\m-°p∂ ]›m-Ø-e-Øn¬ IqSnb- mWv Cu kµ- ¿i\\- w. B`y¥- c cwKØv amµyØ- ns‚ BLmXw Atac- n°- sb Ct∏mgpw th´b- mS- pI- b- mW- v. kºZ- vLS- \\- b- ps- S hos≠- Sp∏v Bi¶- b- pf- h- m°pw hn[w aµK- X- nb- ne- mW- v. sXmgne- n√- mbva AXn- Kpc- pX- c- a- mbn XpSc- p∂- p. P\\- {- ]X- n\\- n[- nk- `- b- nt- e°- p≈ sXcs- ™S- p- ∏n¬ Xncn-®-Sn-bp-≠m-Im\\pw Imc-W-߃ CsX√mw Xs∂.

45Fw.-_n. cmtPjv aqe-[\\w aXw cm{„obw hntZi- Ø- ms- W¶- n¬ A^vKm\\- nÿ- m\\- nepw CdmJ- nepw AIs- ∏´ Ipcp-°n¬\\n∂v ]pd-Øp-I-S-°m≥ Ata-cn-°°v Ign-™n-´n-√. Ata- cn°- b- psS BtKmf ta[mh- nX- zØ- ns- \\X- nc- mb _lp{- [ph- X- hf¿∂p- h-cp-∂-Xns‚ kqN-\\-Iƒ i‡-am-Wv. CS-Xp-]£ hnP-b-߃ XpS- cp∂ em‰n-\\-ta-cn-°-bn¬ bpF-kns‚ ]nSn h√msX Ab-™n-cn-°p- ∂p. {ZpX-K-Xn-bn-ep≈ kmº-ØnI hf¿®-s°m∏w ssN\\-bpsS cmjv{Sob kzm[o\\w h¿≤n°- p∂- Xpw Atac- n°- sb Bi¶- s- ∏S- pØ- p- ∂p-≠v. ssN\\-˛-djy kl-I-cWw i‡n-s∏-Sp-∂Xv Ata-cn-°-bpsS Gjy≥ Xm¬]-cy-ß-sfbpw BtKm-f-ta-[m-hn-Xz-sØbpw _m[n-°p- sa∂v Ah¿°-dn-bmw. kmº-ØnI hf¿®-bn¬ ssN\\°v ]n∂n¬ c≠mw ÿm\\Ø- p≈ C¥y IqSn ASß- p∂ ssN\\˛- C- ¥- y˛- d- jy A®p- X≠v hf¿∂p-h-cp-∂Xv XS-tb-≠Xv Ata-cn-°-bpsS Bh-iy-am-Wv. Ata-cn-°-bpsS Gjy≥_-‘Øns‚ B[m-c-in-e-bmWv C¥y- sb∂pw C¥y Hcp i‡nb- mbn hf¿∂pI- g- n™- nc- n°- p∂p Fs∂√- m- ap≈ H_m-a-bpsS {]iw-k-I-fpsS D∂w CsXm-s°-bm-Wv. Gjy- bnse, {]tXyI- n®v Z£nt- Wj- yb- nse Atac- n°- b- psS `ua cmjv{Sob ]cn-K-W-\\-I-fn¬ C¥y \\n¿Wm-b-I-am-sW∂ Xncn-®-dn-hns‚ ]›m- Øew IqSn H_m-a-bpsS kµ¿i\\-Øn-\\p-≠v. aqe-[\\ Xm¬]-cy-߃ C¥y≥hn-]Wn Ata-cn-°≥ aqe-[-\\-Øn\\v Xpd-∂p-In-´-emWv kµ¿i-\\-Øns‚ ASn-b-¥c e£yw F∂ hkvXpX H_ma H´pw ad-®p-sh-®n-´n-√. ]nSn-sF°v A\\p-h-Zn® A`n-ap-J-Ønepw ]pd-s∏-Spw- apºv \\SØ- nb ]{X- k- t- Ωf- \\- Ø- nepw apwss_b- nse _nkn\\- kv kaq- lsØ A`nk- wt- _m[- \\ sNbvXt- ∏mgpw HS- ph- n¬ a≥taml- ≥knß- p- amb- p≈ kwbp‡ ]{Xk- t- Ωf- \\- Ø- nepw H_ma Xs‚ BKa- t- \\mt± iyw hy‡a- m°- pI- b- p≠- mb- n. Atacn°- b- n¬ IqSpX- ¬ sXmgne- h- k c- ß- ƒ krjSv n°- m≥ Xßf- psS Ib‰- pa- Xn i‡ns- ∏S- pØ- W- w. Xßfp sS D¬]∂- ß- ƒ°mbn C¥y hmXne- pI- ƒ ]q¿Wa- mbpw Xpd∂- nS- Ww. kµ¿i\\- Ø- ne- pS- \\- ofw H_ma ]d™- ps- Im≠- nc- p∂- Xv C°mc- ya- mW- v. H_ma- b- psS kµ¿i\\- Ø- ns‚ AP≥U \\n›b- n®- X- n¬ apJ- y]- ¶v hln- ®Xv C¥y˛ Ata-cn° kn C H t^md-am-sW-∂Xpw At±-l-Øns‚ aqhm-bncw t]c-S-ßp∂ kwL-Ønse `qcn-`mKw t]cpw Ata-cn-°≥

46 aqe-[\\w aXw cm{„obw Fw.-_n. cmtPjv h≥InS _nkn\\- k- ns‚ {]Xn\\- n[- nI- f- ms- W∂- Xpw Cu kµ¿i\\- Ø- n- \\p]- n∂- ne- p≈ aqe[- \\ Xm¬]c- yß- f- nt- e°v hnc¬ Nq≠p∂- p. kµ¿i-\\-Øn-s\\m-Sp-hn¬ ]pd-Øn-d-°nb kwbp‡ {]Jym-]-\\- Øn¬ Cu aqe-[\\ Xm¬]-cy-߃ sXfn-™p-Im-Wmw. Im¿jnI klI- c- W- Ø- ns- ‚bpw \\nXyl- c- nX hnπh- Ø- ns- ‚bpw t]cn¬ \\ΩpsS Im¿jnI- t- aJ- e Atac- n°- ≥ A{Kn _nkn\\- k- n\\v Xpd∂- ps- ImS- p°- m≥ \\ne-sam-cp-°n-°-gn-™n-cn-°p-∂p. 2005-˛se _pjv-˛-a≥tam-l≥ kwbp‡ {]Jym-]-\\-Øns‚ `mK-ambn \\ne-hn¬h∂ C¥y˛ Ata- cn° Im¿jnI hn⁄m\\ ap≥ssIb- ns‚ adh- ne- mWv \\ΩpsS Im¿jn- I-t- a-J-esb tIm¿]-td‰vh¬°-cn-°p-∂-Xv. Cu kwhn-[m-\\-Øns‚ Ub-d-IvS¿ t_m¿Un¬ Ata-cn-°sb {]Xn-\\n-[o-I-cn-°p-∂Xv _lp- cm{„ IpØ-I-I-fmb sam¨km-t‚mbpw hmƒam¿´p-am-sW∂v Adn- bp-tºmƒ Imcy-߃ hy‡-am-hpw. CsX√mw 2005-˛¬ Xs∂ CS-Xp- ]£w Nq≠n-°m-´n-bXv Ct∏mƒ ]q¿Æ-ambpw km[q-I-cn-°-s∏-´n-cn- °p-∂p. sam¨km-t‚msbt]mep-≈-h¿ {]Xn-\\n-[o-I-cn-°p∂ Ata- - cn°- ≥ A{Kn _nkn\\- k- ns‚ Xm¬]c- yß- ƒ \\ndt- h‰- m\\- p≈ bp]nF k¿°mc- ns‚ {iaß- f- psS `mKa- mWv Cu ]m¿es- a‚ v ktΩf- \\- Ø- n¬ ]mkm-°m≥ t]mIp∂ hnØp-_n¬. Im¿jnI taJe A{Kn _nkn- \\k- n\\v Xpd∂- ps- ImS- p°- p∂- X- ns‚ ^ew Im¿jnI {]Xnk- ‘n aq¿On- °epw Bfl-lXy s]cp-I-ep-am-bn-cn-°pw. Nn√d hn¬]-\\-ta-Je Xpd-∂p-In-´-emWv Ata-cn-°-bpsS as‰mcp Bhi- yw. hmƒam¿´ns- \\t- ∏me- p≈ Atac- n°- ≥ _lpc- mjv{S IpØ- I-Iƒ Gsd-°m-e-ambn CXn-\\mbn kΩ¿±w sNep-Øn-h-cn-I-bm-Wv. ]n≥hm-Xn-en-eqsS Ah¿ C¥y≥ hn]-Wn-bn¬ {]th-in-°p-I-bpw sNbvXn-´p-≠v. Nn√d hn¬]\\ taJe hntZi aqe-[-\\-Øn\\v Xpd-∂n- Sm-\\p≈ \\S-]-Sn-Iƒ kµ¿i-\\-Øns‚ XpS¿® F∂ \\ne-bn¬ D≠m- Ip-sa∂ hy‡-amb kqN-\\-Iƒ h∂p-I-gn-™p. \\mep-tIm-Sn-bn-tesd hcp∂ sNdpI- nS hym]mc- nI- f- psS D]P- oh- \\- a- m¿§w A]I- S- Ø- ne- mh- p- Ib- mb- nc- n°pw ^ew. D∂X- h- nZ- ym`- ymk taJe Xpd∂- ps- ImS- p°- p∂- - Xn\\pw kµ¿i\\- Ø- ns‚ `mKa- mbn [mcW- b- mb- n´- p≠- .v kwbp‡ ]{X- -k-tΩ-f-\\-Øn¬Xs∂ H_m-abpw a≥tam-l\\pw C°mcyw ]d-bp-I- bp-≠m-bn. _m¶n-Mv-˛-C≥jq-d≥kv taJe IqSp-X¬ DZm-c-h¬°-cn- °p-∂-Xn-\\p≈ kΩ¿±-߃°p C¥y hg-ßp-sa-∂p≈ kqN-\\-Ifpw

47Fw.-_n. cmtPjv aqe-[\\w aXw cm{„obw kwbp‡ {]Jym-]\\w \\¬Ip-∂p. AtX kabw C¥y D‰p-t\\m-°n- bnc- p∂ ]pdwt- Pmen Icmd- ns‚ ImcyØ- n¬ Atac- n° XßfpsS \\ne- ]mS- n¬ A¬]wt- ]mepw hn´ph- ogNv sNbXv n´- n√ F∂pw ImWmw. Ata- cn°- b- psS kmºØ- nI ˛ hmWnPy Xm¬]c- yß- ƒ°v C¥y kºq¿W- ambpw IogS- ß- ns- b∂- ¿∞w. BW-h-I-cmdpw ssk\\nI kJyhpw BW-h-I-cm-dn¬ H∏n-Sp-∂-Xn\\v {][m-\\-a{¥n \\nc-Ønb \\ymb-ß- fn¬ {][m\\w Cc´ D]t- bmK- k- mt- ¶X- nI- h- nZy Ah¿ \\ap°p ssIam- dp-sa-∂m-bncp∂p. C°m-cy-Øn¬ Dd-∏p-\\¬Im-\\m-hn-s√∂v C¥y-bn- te°v ]pds∏-Spw-apºv H_ma ]d-™Xp Xs∂ kw`-hn-®p. Cc´ D]- tbmK kmt¶X- nI hnZys- b°- pd- n®v kwbp‡ {]Jym]- \\w au\\w ]men- ®t∏mƒ a≥tam-l≥knMv cmPysØ sX‰n-≤-cn-∏n-°p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p- sh∂v sXfn-™p. sF F-kv- B¿ -Hbpw Un B¿ Un- Hbpw D]-tbm- Kn°- p∂ Nne kmt¶X- nI hnZyI- ƒ°v G¿s∏S- pØ- nb- nc- p∂ \\nb{- ¥- W-Øn¬ A¬]w Cfhv hcp-Øn-bXv am{X-amWv BsI-bp-≠m-b-Xv. CXp-Xs∂ Ata-cn-°≥ Iº-\\n-I-fpsS Ib-‰p-aXn Xm¬]cyw am{Xw IW-°n-se-Sp-Øp≈ `mKn-I-amb Cf-hp-I-fm-Wv. kwbp‡ {]Jym-]-\\-Øn¬ C¥y kn F-kv C (I¨sh≥j≥ Hm^v kπns- a‚dn tImº≥tkj- ≥)bn¬ H∏nS- p∂- X- ns- \\°- pd- n®v ]cm- a¿ia- p≠- .v CXn\\- p]- n∂- n¬ Atac- n°- s- °mcp KqVe- £- ya- p≠- .v ]m¿e- sa‚ v ]mkm-°nb BW-h-_m-[yX \\nb-a-Øn¬ CS-Xp-]£ t\\Xr- XzØ- n¬ {]Xn]- £w \\SØ- nb t]mcm´sØ XpS¿∂v 17(_- n) hIp∏v Dƒs∏-Sp-Øm≥ k¿°m¿ \\n¿_-‘n-X-am-bn-cp∂p. BWh A]-I-S- ap-≠m-bm¬ \\jvS-]-cn-lm-c-Øn-\\p≈ _m[yX hntZi hnX-c-W- °m¿°p-s≠∂v hyhÿ sNøp-∂-XmWv Cu hIp-∏v. Cu hIp∏v krjvSn-°p∂ _m[yX adn-I-S-°m-\\mWv H_m-a-bpsS ]cn-{i-aw. BW-h-I-cm¿ Ata-cn-°-bp-am-bp≈ ssk\\n-I-˛-{]-Xn-tcm[ kl- I-c-W-Øn-te°v \\bn-°p-sa∂ CS-Xp-]£ hna¿i-\\hpw icn-bm- sW∂v sXfn-™n-cn-°p-∂p. Ata-cn-°-bp-ambn C¥y t\\csØ H∏p- sh® {]Xnt- cm[ N´°- qSv Icmd- n\\- p]- pd- sa c≠v kp{][- m\\ ssk\\nI kl-I-cW Icm-dp-Iƒ IqSn H∏p-sh-bv°m≥ Cu kµ¿i-\\-Øn¬ [mc-W-bm-bn-cn-°p-∂p. CXn¬ Hcp Icm¿ Ata-cn-°°v thsdmcp

48 aqe-[\\w aXw cm{„obw Fw.-_n. cmtPjv cmPysØ B{Ia- n°- m≥ C¥yb- psS thyma˛- \\- mh- nI Xmhf- ß- ƒ D]- tbm-Kn-°m≥ A\\p-aXn \\¬Ip-∂-Xm-Wv. DZm-l-c-W-Øn-\\v, Cdms\\ Ata-cn° B{I-an-°p-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ apwss_-bntem sIm®n-bntem hcp∂ Atac- n°- ≥ bp≤°- ∏- e- pI- ƒ°v C‘\\w \\nd®v Cdms\\ e£y- am°n \\oßmw. c≠ma- sØ Icm¿ C¥yb- nse {]Xnt- cm[ kwhn[- m- \\-ßsf Ata-cn-°-bpsS {]Xn-tcm[ ˛hm¿Øm-hn-\\n-ab kwhn-[m-\\- ß-fp-ambn _‘-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xm-Wv. Cu c≠v Icm-dp-Ifpw C¥ysb Ata-cn-°-bpsS kºq¿Æ ssk\\nI kJy-i-‡n-bm°n am‰pw. c£m-k-anXn AwKXzw Cu kµ¿i\\- ws- Im≠v C¥y°- p≠- mb almt\\´a- mbn sIm´nt- Lm- jn°- p∂- Xv sFIyc- mjv{S kanX- nb- nse ÿncmwK- X- zØ- n\\- p≈ Ata- cn°- ≥ ]n¥pW- b- mW- .v F∂m¬ Cu ]n¥pW D]m[- nI- ƒ°v hnt[b- amWv F∂ hkvXpX t_m[-]q¿∆w ad-®p-sh-°p-I-bm-Wv. ÿncmw-K Xzw kw_-‘n® {]iv\\-Øn\\v ]m¿e-sa‚nse {]kw-Kw-hsc ImØn- cn°q F∂p-]-d™ H_ma kkvs]≥kv krjvSn-®Xv shdp-sX-b-√. Xs‚ D]m[- nI- ƒ hniZ- oI- c- n°- m≥ DNnX- a- mb thZn ]m¿es- a‚ms- W∂v Btem-Nn®v Dd-∏n-®p-X-s∂-bm-h-Ww. \"C¥y Xß-fpsS A¥m-cmjv{S DØ-c-hm-Zn-Xz-ß-fn¬\\n∂v Hgn-™p-amdn' F∂v hna¿i\\ kzcØn¬ ]d™ H_ma \"IqSp-X¬ A[n-Imcw F∂m¬ IqSp-X¬ DØ-c-hm-Zn XzwF∂mWv A¿∞w' F∂v Hm¿Ωn∏- n°- pI- bpw sNbXv p. Cdms- \\bpw _¿a-sbbpw ]cm-a¿in®-Xn-eq-sSbpw P\\m-[n-]-Xyhpw a\\p-jym-h-Im- ihpw Dd-∏p-h-cp-tØ≠ IS-a-sb-°p-dn®v ]d-™-Xn-eq-sSbpw H_ma Xs‚ ktµiw \\¬Ip-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. A¥m-cmjv{S {]iv\\-ß-fn¬ Ata-cn-°-bpsS hymJym-\\-߃°pw \\ne-]m-Sp-Iƒ°psam∏w C¥y \\n¬°W- w. Aßs\\ \\n∂m¬ bpF≥ ]p\\xk- wL- S- n∏- n°- s- ∏S- pt- ºm ƒ c£m-k-an-Xn-bnse ÿncmw-K-XzsØ ]n¥p-W°mw. Ct∏m-gsØ c≠ph- ¿jsØ Xm¬°me- nI c£mk- a- nXn AwKXzw CsX√mw \\nco- £n-°p∂ \"s{]mt_-j≥' Imem-h[n Bbn-cn-°p-sa-∂p-Iq-Sn-bmWv H_ma ]d-™-Xn-\\¿∞w. bp F≥ {]ta-b-߃ \\S-∏m-°-s∏-S-W-sa ∂pw D]-tcm-[-߃ {]m_-ey-Øn¬ hcp-Ø-W-sa∂pw H_ma ]d-bp- I-bp-≠m-bn. H_m-a-bpsS Cc-´-Øm-∏mWv ChnsS {]I-S-am-hp-∂-Xv. Iyq_-bvs°-Xn-cmb D]-tcm[w ]n≥h-en-°-W-sa∂v Cu Ign™

49Fw.-_n. cmtPjv aqe-[\\w aXw cm{„obw HItv Sm_- d- n¬ ]sØmº- Xmw XhW- bpw bp F≥ s]mXpk- ` {]tabw ]mkm°- pI- b- p≠- mb- n. 192 cmPyß- ƒ ]n¥pW- ® {]tab- sØ FXn¿ ØXv Atac- n°- bpw C{kt- bepw am{Xa- mb- nc- p∂- p. ]ek- vXo≥ kw_- ‘n® bp F≥ {]tab- ß- ƒ \\S∏nem°- W- s- a∂v Atac- n° ]db- ptam? C{kt- be- ns- \\X- nc- mbn Fs¥¶- nepw \\S]- Sn FSp°- m≥- sFIyc- mj- v{S- k-`sb bpFkv A\\p-h-Zn-°ptam? Cdm-Jns\\ B{I-an-°m≥ Ata-cn- °°v Hcp bp F≥ {]tab- Ø- ns‚t]mepw ]n≥_e- a- n√- mb- nc- p∂- t- √m. At∏mƒ H_ma ]db- p∂- Xv hfsc efnX- a- mW- v. Xßf- psS N´pI- ambn \\n∂m¬ c£m-k-anXn AwK-Xz-Øn\\v ]n¥pW \\¬Imw. Cßs\\ Ata-cn-°-bpsS HuZm-cy-Øn¬ In´p∂ c£m-k-anXn AwK-Xz-Øn\\v F¥v hne-bm-Wp-≠m-hpI F∂v ]d-tb-≠-Xn-√-t√m. t`m∏mepw slUvenbpw kp{]-[m-\\-amb P\\-Iob {]iv\\-߃ Ata-cn-°≥ {]kn-U‚ns‚ apºn¬ \\nh¿∂p-\\n∂p ]d-bm-\\p≈ ss[cyw a≥tam-l-≥kn-ßn\\pw Iq´¿°pw D≠m-bn-√. AXn¬ G‰hpw {][m\\w t`m∏m¬ Zpc¥-_m- [n-X-cpsS {]iv\\-am-Wv. t`m-∏m¬ Zpc-¥-Øns‚ Cc-Iƒ°v \\jvS-]- cnlmcw \\¬Ip-∂-Xn-s‚bpw t`m∏m-ense hnj-am-en\\yw \\o°p-∂- Xns‚bpw _m[yX bqWnb- ≥ Im¿ss_U- ns‚ Ct∏mg- sØ DSa- I- fmb Uu sIan°- ¬kn\\- pt- a¬ NpaØ- W- s- a∂ C¥yb- nse P\\I- ob Bhiyw H_ma- b- psS kµ¿i\\- t- hf- b- n¬ bp ]n F k¿°m¿ I≠n- s√∂p \\Sn®p. saIkv n°- ≥ ISe- nS- p°- nse FÆt- ®m¿®b°v v {_n´ojv s]t{Sm-fn-b-Øn\\v \\jvS-]-cn-lmcw CuSm-°p-∂-Xn¬ hn´p-ho-gvN-bn- √mØ \\ne-]mSv kzoI-cn® H_ma t`m∏m-ens‚ {]iv\\w hcp-tºmƒ au\\w ]men°- p∂- Xpw Cc´- Ø- m∏- mW- v. as‰mcp {][m\\ {]iv\\w bqWn-b≥ Im¿ss_Uv ta[m-hn-bm-bn- cp∂ hmd≥ Bt‚g- vks\\ C¥y°v hn´pI- n´- p∂- X- mW- v. Bt‚g- vks\\ c£-s∏-Sm≥ tIm¨{Kkv k¿°m¿ A\\p-h-Zn® Imcyw ]pd-Øp-h-∂- Xns\\ XpS¿∂v i‡-amb {]Xn-tj[w t\\cn-tS-≠n-h-∂-t∏mƒ Bt‚- gvkns\\ hn´p-In-´m≥ Bh-iy-s∏-Sp-sa∂v bp ]n F k¿°m¿ ]m¿e- sa‚n¬ ]d™- nc- p∂- p. Bflm¿∞X D≠mb- nc- p∂- ps- h¶- n¬ C°mcyw H_ma- t- bmSv Bhi- ys- ∏t- S≠- nb- nc- p∂- p. slUven-bpsS Imcy-Ønepw CXp-Xs∂ kw`-hn-®p. C¥y-bn¬

50 aqe-[\\w aXw cm{„obw Fw.-_n. cmtPjv h∂X- pa- pX- ¬ Xo{hh- mZ- s- Ø°- pd- n®pw XmPnse Xmak- Ø- ns‚ {]Xo- Im-fl-I-X-sb-°p-dn®pw hmtXm-cmsX {]kw-Kn-®p-sIm-≠n-cp∂ H_m- at- bmSv apwss_ B{Ia- W- Ø- ns‚ apJy kq{X[- mc- \\- mb slUev nsb hn´pX- c- W- s- a∂v Bhi- ys- ∏S- m\\- p≈ {XmWn a≥taml- ≥knß- n\\- p≠- m- bn-cp-∂n-√. knsF-F-bp-sSbpw A¬JzbvZ-bp-sSbpw Cc´ GP‚mbn- cp∂ slUven cl-ky-ß-fpsS Ie-h-d-bm-sW∂v H_m-a-bv°-dn-bmw. Hcp-]-t£, hn°n-eoIvkv ]pd-Øp-sIm-≠p-h-∂-Xn-t\\-°mƒ sR´n- °p∂ clk- yß- f- mb- nc- n°pw slUvensb hn´ps- ImS- pØ- m¬ ]pdØ- p- hc- nI F∂p H_ma Xncn®- d- nb- p∂- p≠- mI- pw. Atac- n°- b- pa- mbn Xo{h- hm-Z-Ø- n-s\\-Xn-cmbn kl-I-cn-°p-∂-Xns‚ s]m≈-Ø-c-amWv ChnsS {]IS- a- mh- p∂- X- v. t\\´w B¿°v? a≥taml- ≥knß- ps- amØ- p≈ ]{Xk- t- Ωf- \\- Ø- n¬ F≥ Un- Sn hn {]Xn\\- n[- nb- psS hf®- ps- I´- -n-√- mØ B tNmZyw H_ma- t- bmSv tNmZn®- p. 48,000 sXmgn-e-h-k-c-߃ Dƒs∏sS Ata-cn-°°v D≠m-Ip∂ t\\´- ß-sf-°p-dn®v ]d-bp∂ Xm¶ƒ°v C¥y°v e`n°p∂ t\\´-߃ Fs¥∂v hni-Zo-I-cn-°mtam? H_m-abv°v hy‡-amb DØ-c-ap-≠m- bn√- . Cu kµ¿i\\- Ø- ns‚ apJyK- pWt`m‡m°- ƒ Atac- n°- ≥ aqe- [\\ i‡n-I-fm-sW-∂Xv A\\n-tj-[y-amb hkvXp-X-bm-Wv. Ata-cn- °≥ _lp-cmjv{S IpØ-I-bm-bn-´p≈ P\\-d¬ Ce-Iv{Sn-°¬kns‚ kn C- H- sP^v Ca¬‰v \"C°t- Wma- nk- vIvssSwkn' \\v A\\ph- Z- n® A`n- ap-J-Øn¬ X߃ {]Xo-£n-°p∂ hºn® t\\´-sØ-°p-dn®v ]d-bp- ∂p≠- v. Cu kµ¿i\\- Ø- ns‚ ^ea- mb- p≠- mI- p∂ Icmd- pI- f- n¬\\n∂v am{Xw Iº-\\n-bpsS hcp-am-\\-Øn¬ ap∏Xv iX-am\\w h¿≤-\\-bp-≠m- Ip-sa∂v Ca¬‰v ]d-bp-∂p. kmº-ØnI amµy-Øn¬ Kpcp-X-c-amb {]Xn-k‘nbn¬ AI-s∏´ Iº-\\n-bmWv P\\-d¬ Ce-Iv{Sn-°¬kv Ft∂m¿°p-I. AXn¬\\n∂v ]pd-Øp-I-S-°m≥ H_m-a-bpsS C¥ym- k-µ¿i\\w Ahsc klm-bn-°p-sa-∂¿∞w. Ata-cn-°≥ hnam-\\-°- º-\\n-bmb t_mbnw-ßns‚ C¥y≥ ta[mhn tUm. Znt\\jv tIivI¿ ]d-bp-∂Xv kvss]kv sP-‰n¬\\n∂v e`n® 270 tImSn tUmf-dns‚ Icm¿ amµy ImeØ- n\\v tijw X߃°v e`n® G‰hpw henb Icm- dm-sW-∂m-Wv. knsF-sF-bpsS Hcp ]T-\\-dn-t∏m¿´v Nq≠n-°m-Wn-°p-