PHYSICAL EDUCATION

Training and Doping in Sports 193 3. Excess use of these substances causes skin disease like Acne. 4. Baldness appears in some people before age. 5. They increases blood pressure. 6. The testicles become small. 7. It may cause Tremor, Heart attack or even Death. 8. The muscularity develops in female and hairs start growing on their face. 9. The breast development in males. 10. Men becomes infertile. Effects, Side Effects of Prohibited Substance S. No. Substance Effects Normal Side Effects Serious Side Effects Increases hunger Damage in lever and 1. Anabolic Steroids Increase in muscle Hair fall kidneys. weight Unstable behaviour Heart attack and 2. Drugs Increase in bone marrow High blood pressure blockage. 3. Diuretics Reduces fatigue Aggressiveness Increase in chest and short- Habitual and mentally 4. Glucocorti Relaxation in pain ness of testicles in males. dependent costeroids Sleep Stoppage of breast Decrease in fatigue development in females and Change in viscosity 5. Blood growth of hairs on face. of blood doping Instant loss of weight Uneven heart rate Less steroids in urine Dizziness and vomitting Loss to kidneys and Uneven heart rate Increases the chances of heart stroke Kidneys fail injury Cramps in legs Coma, faint and constipation Barrier in growth of Weakness in muscles children Allergy, asthma Dry mouth Increases fat on neck and swelling Strain in muscles and face Loss of Potash in body Increases RBC and Dizziness Danger of Heart Haemoglobin attack, Aids and Increases endurance Tearing of muscles. Hepatitis Increases in carrying oxygen Weakness in muscles Weakness in bones, cartilages and joints Slow healing Increases pressure on heart Blood clotting Increases pressure on heart Blood clotting

194 Health and Physical Education—XI S. No. Substance Effects Normal Side Effects Serious Side Effects Excitement in CNS 6. Stimulants and Mind Increase in heart rate and Uneven heart rate respiration Increase in body 7. Beta-2 Safety from high B.P. Experience of uneasiness temperature Agonist Stop uneven Heart rate Headache Loss in weight Stop the tremor Fatigue Uneasiness Fatigue Constipation Sweating Diarrhea Cold hands Pressure Anxiety Heart fail Headache Loss of endurance Practice Questions 10.6 I. Short–I Question Answers (3 Marks, 100 Words) 1. What are the side effects of prohibited substances? 2. Explain the prohibited methods in details. II. Short–II Question Answers (5 Marks, 200 Words) 1. Elaborate the side effects of prohibited substances. 2. Explain in details the prohibited substances. 10.7 Dealing with Alcohol and Substance Abuse Alcohol and drug abuse has emerged as a serious concern in India. Article 47 of the Constitution provides that “The State shall regard the raising of the level of nutrition and the standard of living of its people and the improvement of public health as among its primary duties and, in particular, the State shall endeavor to bring about prohibition of the consumption except for medicinal purposes of intoxicating drinks and of drugs which are injurious to health.” India is a signatory to three United Nations Conventions, namely: Convention against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances, 1988. Thus, India also has an international obligation to, inter alia, curb drug abuse. The United Nations General Assembly, in its 20th Special Session in 1998, has accepted demand reduction as an indispensable pillar of drug control strategies. The demand reduction strategy consists of education, treatment, rehabilitation and social integration of drug dependent persons for prevention of drug abuse. For the purpose of drug demand reduction, the Ministry of Social Justice & Empowerment has been implementing the Scheme of Prevention of Alcoholism and Substance (Drug) Abuse since 1985-86. The Scheme was revised thrice earlier (1994, 1999 and 2008) prior to the recent revision which came into force from January 1, 2015. Objectives The objectives of the Scheme for Prevention of Alcoholism and Substance (Drug) Abuse are: 1. To create awareness and educate people about the ill-effects of alcoholism and substance abuse on the individual, the family, the workplace and society at large.

Training and Doping in Sports 195 2. To provide for the whole range of community based services for the identification, motivation, counselling, de-addiction, after care and rehabilitation for Whole Person Recovery (WPR) of addicts to make a person drug free, crime free and gainfully employed. 3. To alleviate the consequences of drug and alcohol dependence amongst the individual, the family and society at large. 4. To facilitate research, training, documentation and collection of relevant information to strengthen the above mentioned objectives. 5. To support other activities which are in consonance with the mandate of the Ministry of Social Justice & Empowerment in this field. Approach and Strategy The approach of this Scheme is to provide the whole range of services including awareness generation, identification, counselling, treatment and rehabilitation of addicts through voluntary and other organizations. With a view to reducing the demand for and consumption of alcohol and dependence producing substances, the thrust would be on preventive education programme and Whole Person Recovery of the drug dependent persons. In order to achieve the objectives of the scheme the key strategies will be as follows: 1. To evolve culture-specific models for the prevention of alcoholism and substance abuse and for rehabilitation of drug dependent persons. 2. To promote collective initiatives and self-help endeavour among individuals and groups vulnerable to addiction or found at risk. 3. To increase community participation and public cooperation in the reduction of demand for dependence- producing substances. 4. To create and sustain an infrastructure of trained human resource personnel and service providers to strengthen the service delivery mechanisms. 5. To establish and foster appropriate synergy between State interventions, corporate initiatives, the voluntary sector and other stakeholders in the field of substance abuse prevention. 6. To facilitate networking among policy planners, service providers and other stakeholders, with an aim to encourage appropriate advocacy. 7. To promote and sustain a system of continuous monitoring and evaluation including self-correctional mechanism. Target Groups All victims of alcohol and substance (drugs) abuse with a special focus on: Children including street children, both in and out of school. Adolescents/Youth Dependent women and young girls, affected by substance abuse. High risk groups such as sex workers, Injecting Drug Users (IDUs), drivers etc. Prison inmates in detention facilities including children in juvenile homes addicted to drugs. Practice Questions 10.7 I. Short–I Question Answers (3 Marks, 100 Words) 1. What are the objectives of alcohol and substance abuse. II. Short–II Question Answers (5 Marks, 200 Words) 1. What measures should be adopted to abolish this?

196 Health and Physical Education—XI Multiple Choice Type Questions 1. Who said, “Sports training is the point of view to focus on our game of choice”? (a) Tod Towneas (b) Kingsburry (c) Maxvail (d) Gandhiji 2. Sports training is an art or science. (a) Art only (b) Science only (c) Art and Science both (d) None of these 3. How many principles are there in sports training till now? (a) 11 (b) 10 (c) 12 (d) 15 4. What is reduced by warming up in a body? (a) Viscosity of muscles fibres (b) Reduces BP in body (c) Increase pressure in blood (d) Reduces bone marrow in bones 5. How many types warming up are they: (a) Two (b) Four (c) Three (d) Five 6. According to whom, “Warming up enhances the temperature of blood which in turn enables the muscles to improve the performance.” (a) Davries (b) King Moire (c) Gandhiji (d) Suresh Gupta 7. Which of the following is not prohibited in compitition (a) stimulants (b) cannabinoid (c) nareotics (d) diversities 8. Skill is a ability to perform a .......... . (a) Whole movement (b) Less movement (c) Fast movement (d) Dead movement 9. Doping is the use of any method and substance which enhances the performance of ......... . (a) Athlete (b) Gymnast (c) Cricket player (d) All of these 10. In how many ways doping can be done? (a) Four (b) Five (c) Two (d) Ten 11. Excess of drugs causes .......... . (a) Heart attack (b) Polio (c) Skin disease (d) Cough and cold 12. Use of Diuretics results in ........... . (a) Uneven heart rate (b) Fever (c) Skin disease (d) None of these

Training and Doping in Sports 197 13. Blood doping is a method to increase the count of ........... . (a) White cells (b) Green cells (c) Red blood cells (d) None of these 14. Name the drug which is prohibited at all times in sports. (a) Gene doping (b) Spray (c) Tablets (d) None of these 15. The objectives of scheme for prevention of Alcoholism and Substance (Drug) Abuse are: (a) To create awareness and educate people about ill effects of alcoholism and substance abuse on the individual, the family and society (b) To motivate people (c) Awareness in the society (d) All the above 16. According to ............. “Sports training is the basic form of preposition of sportsmen”. (a) mortin (b) H.M. Barrow (c) horre (d) Matmejew 17. According to ............. the overload should not be increased race rapidly (a) principle of general preparation (b) the principle of progression (c) the principle of spriticity (d) the principle of variety 18. .............. means the process of preparation for some task. (a) complex (b) exercise (c) training (d) sports 19. According to .............. sports training is a planned and controlled process. (a) Matwejew (b) Martin (c) Harre (d) SMW 20. The training load should be increased for improving the performance of sportspersons. (a) Principle of overload (b) Principle of variety (c) Principle of cyclicity (d) Principle of specificity 21. .............. is a practice in itself. (a) warming up (b) strength (c) exercise (d) physical 22. .............. is the word used in the field of sports (a) performance (b) doping (c) competition (d) strength 23. Full form of WADA (a) world anti-doping agency (b) world ant-doping agency (c) world anti-doping agency (d) word anti-doping agenda 24. .............. is responsible for maintaining and updating these substance and methods annually (a) DADA (b) LADA (c) GADA (d) WADA

198 Health and Physical Education—XI 25. .............. is prohibited in competition only in certain sports such as archery and karate. (a) Alcohol (b) Daru (c) HDL (d) ACTH 26. Doping control has become essential in the field of .............. and .............. (a) Sports (b) Games (c) Drugs (d) Both (i) and (ii) 27. Doping can be classified into which types? (a) Physical methods (b) Both (a) and (b) (c) Performance enhancing methods (d) None of the above 28. Physical method of doping includes (i) Blood doping (ii) Narcotics (iii) Anabolic steriods (iv) Gene doping (a) only (i) (b) only (ii) (c) both (i) and (ii) (d) both (i) and (iv) 29. .............. are prohibited in Archery, shooting and golf as they reduce trembling of hands and keep the heart rate low (a) Diuretics (b) Beta-Blockers (c) Beta-2-Agonirts (d) Cannabinoids 30. Warming up is important as it .............. (a) reduces chances of dizziners or fainting (b) decreases lurl of adrenaline (c) decrease virosity of muscles (d) returns heart rate to initial stage 31. According to .............. “Sports training is the basic form of preparation of sportsmen” (a) Harre (b) Maturjew (c) W.H.Sheldon (d) H.M.Barrow 32. “Lying on your right side, pull left leg into left gluts, feeling the stretch in front of the thigh.” Which muscle group is bring stretched through this excercise? (a) Triceps (b) Quadriceps (c) Chest (d) Glutes 33. Propal removal of waste products can be achieved by (a) Warming up (b) Limberdown (c) Both (a) and (b) (d) None of the above 34. Stretching exercises, jogging, callisthemic exercises can be classified under (a) specific warming up (b) general warming up (c) limbring down (d) passive warming up 35. .............. concludes that warming up increases temperature of blood and muscles improve the performance (a) Hill (b) Ross (c) Dr. Vries (d) None of the above

Training and Doping in Sports 199 36. A training programme should be modified to otake individual differences into which after following consideration (a) Large muscles heal slower than small muscles (b) Fast or explorier movements require more recovery time (c) Fast twitch muscles recover quickly (d) All of the above 37. Which the following drug reduces as eliminate pain from injuries (a) Nareoties (b) Peptide Harmones (c) Cannaloids (d) Stimulants

Answers Key of MCQ Unit 1 to 10 Q. No. Unit 1 Unit 2 Unit 3 Unit 4 Unit 5 Units Unit 7 Unit 8 Unit 9 Unit 10 Q. No. (a) (a) (d) (d) (a) Unit 6 (a) (b) (c) (a) 1 (a) (a) (c) (c) (b) (b) (c) (c) (c) 1 2 (d) (b) (c) (c) (b) (a) (a) (c) (c) (b) 2 3 (d) (c) (a) (b) (a) (a) (d) (a) (a) (a) 3 4 (a) (c) (c) (a) (d) (a) (a) (a) (a) (a) 4 5 (d) (b) (a) (b) (a) (a) (d) (a) (b) (a) 5 6 (d) (d) (a) (b) (a) (b) (a) (a) (a) (d) 6 7 (c) (b) (a) (d) (a) (d) (b) (a) (a) (a) 7 8 (b) (d) (a) (a) (a) (c) (a) (a) (a) (a) 8 9 (c) (d) (d) (b) (b) (d) (a) (a) (a) (c) 9 10 (d) (c) (b) (a) (a) (a) (c) (b) (c) (c) 10 11 (d) (a) (c) (c) (a) (a) (a) (a) (a) (a) 11 12 (d) (c) (a) (a) (a) (a) (a) (b) (a) (c) 12 13 (b) (c) (b) (b) (a) (a) (a) (a) (d) (a) 13 14 (a) (c) (b) (a) (a) (a) (a) (a) (a) (d) 14 15 (d) (a) (d) (a) (a) (a) (d) (a) (c) (d) 15 16 (d) (c) (a) (b) (b) (c) (a) (a) (c) (b) 16 17 (a) (a) (a) (a) (a) (c) (b) (c) (b) (c) 17 18 (d) (a) (d) (b) (a) (a) (a) (a) (c) (b) 18 19 (d) (b) (b) (c) (d) (b) (b) (a) (d) (a) 19 20 (a) (a) (b) (b) (b) (a) (b) (c) (c) (a) 20 21 (a) (a) (a) (b) (a) (c) (b) (d) (b) (d) 21 22 (d) (d) (b) (d) (b) (b) (a) (a) (d) (c) 22 23 (c) (c) (c) (a) (a) (d) (c) (a) (c) (d) 23 24 (d) (c) (d) (a) (a) (d) (b) (d) (c) (a) 24 25 (c) (a) (d) (a) (c) (d) (b) (b) (d) 25 26 (c) (b) (c) (a) (a) (d) (b) (c) (b) 26 27 (d) (a) (c) (a) (a) (d) (b) (b) (d) 27 28 (c) (b) (a) (b) (b) (c) (a) (b) (b) 28 29 (d) (a) (d) (a) (c) (b) (d) (c) (c) 29 30 (d) (b) (c) (a) (d) (a) (c) (d) (b) 30 31 (b) (b) (a) (a) (a) (a) (a) (b) 31 32 (b) (a) (b) (a) (b) (b) (b) 32 33 (d) (a) (c) (c) (c) (a) (b) 33 34 (a) (a) (c) (d) (a) (a) (c) 34 35 (c) (c) (c) (b) (d) (a) (d) 35 36 (b) (c) (b) (a) (b) (a) (a) 36 37 (c) (b) (b) (b) (d) (b) 37 38 (d) (a) (d) (b) (c) 38 39 (b) (b) (b) (d) (a) 39 40 (b) (d) (b) (a) 40 41 (a) (b) (a) (d) 41 42 (a) (d) (d) 42 43 (a) (b) (a) 43 44 (a) (d) (b) 44 45 (b) (d) (b) 45 46 (b) (b) (c) 46 47 (a) (d) 47 48 (d) 48 49 (a) 49 50 50