Teach Yourself Beginner's Spanish (Teach Yourself Languages)

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19 asunfopsÍáclfcossomepacticanl atterc 14ã changinmgone.ybuyinsgÌamp.sÍinding alavato.ryusintghetelepho.neemergencies 2D hablanddooliômpo talkinagbouttheweather 162 theweathÍeorreca.spt ointosÍthecompass 21 panfoÍminar.a..ndíinally... 158 accenatsnddialêc.tssignas ndnolics.s thegÍammoaÍrSpanish talin!itlüdlroÌ 16Íl solf-asssssmtoonstls 166 koylo theexoÍcisos 1ô9 toylo thosoll-assossmloenslb 182 SpanlsHn0lisviocebulary 184 EngllslÈìSpaYnolsclar DülaÍy 188 8uDloIcnlder 193 trThe symbols This indicates that the recording is recommendedfor the a Íollowing section. This section givesinformation about liÍe in Spain.

lrì ll II ã i+ o - Cg L So you want to leam Spanish.Welcome,then, to one of the o world's great languages!In terms of numbers, Spanishis one of the most widely spoken tongues: as well as the nearly 40 t+ million speakersin Spain, there are at least six times úat number in oúer parts oÍ úe world, principally, of course, in oII Central and South America. How much Spanishyou wish or need to learn is a matter of personal choice or circumstance. You can acquire sufficient social and survival skills to 'get by' on holiday in Spain in a ã mâtter of a few weeks.At the other end of úe spectrum, you can make the study of úe languagea life's work - Spanishis one of úe main sourcesof Europeanculture and literature. The aim of this book, howeveq is modest. Weaim to give you enough languageabiÌity to understand and to make yourself understood in not-too-complicated everyday situations; we aim also to give you a Íoundation Íor funher study if, as we hope, you acquire a love for the languageand its people and want to take your studies funher. Though úis book is designed to help you leam by yourself, dont forget that languageis above all else a social âctivity: try to find every occasion to listen to Spanish and if possible to speak it, however haltingly. Spaniards greatly appreciate any effort people make in their language,of which they are proud, and are usually quite flattering about your effons. So your confidencereceivesa boost and you are inspired to try further. Confidence is half the banle in learning to speâk another language.Never be aÍraid to have a go; don't worry too much about making mistakes- the main thing is to comrnunicate. IÍ you are successfulin getting your meaning across,then you are successfulin using the language,

Howto usethis book Units1-1í You must study the first 11 units in order; asyou do so, you will find you are acquiring many useful languageuses,but úey are not grouped in any sort of topic area. They are basedon what we call langllage functions, whir,h arc usesoÍ languagethat can apply to a wide variety oÍ situations. Each of the fust 11 units includes at least one dialogue or a descriptionby a Spanishcharacterof an aspectoÍ úeir ãveryday life. It is important to listen to (or read) this mâteÌiâl at leâst twice; work out the meaning for yourselÍ as far as you can, but usethe list oÍ key words and phrasesgiven below eachdialogue or passageto help you. The Languagepoiats and Comentario I sectionsin theseunits explain how úe Spanishin úe material you have just studied is puJ togeúer and sometimes include relevant background lnloÍnatlon too. The Actividad (exercise) section(s) in each unit gives you the opportunity to try out the Spanishthat hasbeenexplained in the unit so far. The Key is at the back of the book. If you have difficulty rarith an item in the Actividades, try solving úe problem Íirst oÍ all by looking again at the Spanish in the dialogues oÍ passâges,beÍore using the Key as a last resort. Howeveq do checkthe Key when you've done eachexercise- it is imponant to go back over material in areaswhere you are making errors, rather thân carrying on regardless, which is bound to get you into trouble later! ú you Íind you are making a large number oÍ errors, try tâking things more slowly anã practising the phÍasesmore as you go thÌough the mâteÍial in the unit - don't try an Actividad until you are pÍetty suÍe you have understood everything úat precedesit, as you will find that iÍ you rush you mâke lessprogressin the end, IÍ you have the recording, make good useoÍ úe pausebutton - it's good Íor your pronunciation and your memory to repeatphrasesasoÍten aspossible. Finally in each of Units 1-10, there is a shon test - Self- evaluation, which enablesyou to checkwhether you can now do someoÍ the languâgetâsks coveÍed by thât unit, The answeÍsto tlìesetests are also given in the Key, Always check your results in úe test, and reüse the unit until you can do it without errors

before you go on to the next unit. A úorough undersanding oÍ everything in Unit 1 is essentialfor you to succeedin Unit 2, and so on. Units12-21 The next nine units, numbered 12 to 20, are based,as you will see,on broad topic areas.They can be taken in any order, which enablesyou to learn Íirst how to cope with shopping, say (Unit 17), if this is what you feel you need to tackle before anything else.Units 12-20 do not have â SelÍ-evaluation, as each unit is not dependent on úe previous one, and only some have Languagepoin(s) sections.Unit 21 is a final summing up, and úere is someextra vocabulary at the end. Try to use úe book little and often, raúer úan for long stretchesat a time. I*ave it somewherehandy, so that you can pick it up Íor just a few minutes to refresh your memory again with what you were looking at úe time before. Above all, ralÉ. Talk to other Spanish speakersor learners, if at all possible; failing that, talk to yourself, to inanimate objects, to the imaginary characters in this book (warn your farnily and friends!). If you can find someoneelseto leam along with you, úat is a great bonus. Do all the exercises.and do úem more úan once. evento úe point of committing them to memory. Make maximum use of the recording: play it asbackground, evenwhen half your mind is on somethingelse- in úe caq in the garden,while doing work in the house, and so on - as well as using it when you are actually studying. The main thing is to create a continuous Spanish'presence',soúat what you are learning is always at the front of your mind, and not overlaid with the úousand and one pÍeoccupationswe all havein our daily lives. Advice on effective learning is given every so often in úe course. If at any time you feel you are not making progress,in spite of having been working assiduously in the manner described above, put úe whole thing away for a day or two. Sometimes our minds needa rest to sort out and embedwhat we havebeen learning; úe surprising úing is that when we start again we often seemto have improved in the interval when we were not consciouslydoing anything.

E E o - t= r 5o lJ IÍ you havethe recording, listen to it asyou work úrough this introductory s€ction. If you dont, follow the guidelines q)IT on how to pronounce certain letters and combinations of letters. Listening to and imitating native speakersis of course l+ the bestway to work on your pronunciation. oII Spanishhas no w, but it has three letters in its alphabet that do not exist as such in English. The first is ch, which is pronounced as inBnglish church.You will find that úe words lieginning with ch have their own section in older Spanishdictionaries, betweenc and d. The secondis ll, which is pronounced like the //i ín million: 5 Sevilla, paella, millón. In older Spanish dictionaries, words beginningwith ll havetheir own sepaÍatesectionimmediately after the I section - ll is a separateletter in Spanish,though it looks like a double I in English. GIThe third 'new' letteÍ is ff, which is different from n, and is cpronounced like the ai in oniont seffor,seiorita, Espaia. There are no common words beginning with ff. II So úe whole Spanishalphabetis as follows. If you haveúe CoL recording, listen to hovr'it soundswhen recited in Spânish. a bcchdef ghii(k) lllmn frop qrst uvxyz Spanishvowels Spanishvowels have very pure sounds, and only one sound each,It is imponant you try to get theseright: a is nearer to southern English cup thar cap; c s , m Ãana, Salamanca.

e as in eg$ Enrique, Benavent€. i as ee in feex Êno, finísimo, quiquiriqú (cock-a-doodle-doo, pronounced keekeereekee). õ as in pot - never as knout or toe. Pedro,Rodrigo, Santiagode Comoostela. u asin poolt Úbeda, Burgos,Lugo. But u is silent when it occurs between g and e or i: guerra, guía, Guernica, unlessit has two dots over ie Sigüenza,güisqui luhiskyl. Spanishconsonants Someconsonants sound different in Spanishfrom what we are usedto in English: b and v tend to be the same sound - a sort of breaúy bv: try Barcelona,Valencia,and Vizcaya,Álava, Bilbao, Vllaviciosa, Benavente. z is always pronounced th as in thing: Zemoru, Zafra, Zartgoza. c is pronounced the same way when followed by e or i: Barcelona,Valencia, Albacete. Now try: civilización. d is much softer than in English, especially when it is final, where it becomesalmost ú: Madrid, Valladolid, El Cid. h is silent: Huesca,Huelva, Maladahonda, Âlhambra. I is always guttural, rather like the scottish ú in loch: Jaén, Jijona, José,Javier. g is gumral like i when followed by an e or i: Jorge, Giión, Gerona but 'hard' asin English gut when followed by a, o or u. qu always sounds k, never kw - quiosco (ÈiosÉ), Enrique, Jadraque.(The letter k only exists in Spanishin a few words of foreign origin such as kilogramo, kilómero, Kodak.) r is always trilled - one or two flips of the tongue-tip - and rr is even strong€r: Granada, Coruia, Rodrigo, Guadarrama, Torrejón. The stress rules Spanishwords are stressedon the lust sylhble iÍ they end ïn a cònsonantoúer than n or s: Valladolid,El Escorial,Santander, Gibraltar. They are stressedonthe syllable before /ast if they end in n or s or a voweL Granada, Toledo, Valdepeãas.

If a word breaks eiúer oÍ these rules, an accent is written to show where the stess falls: José, Gifón, kilómetro, Cádiz, Málaga, civiìización. (All words ending in -ión bear this accent.) SoiÍ you seea written accent,you must stressthe syllable where the âccentis plâced. The only other useof accentsthat you need to know is úat an açcent is placed on sr to distinguish sí (yês) from si (if). Now practise your pronunciation by saying theseplace names, and check on the map, to seewhere they are. 't La Coruia 13 Santiagode Compostela San Sebastián 14 Bilbao J Burgos 1 5 Pamplona 4 Zatagoza l 6 BarceÌona 5 Taragona 17 Valladolid 6 Salamanca 1 8 Zamota 7 Madiid 1 9 ïbledo 8 Cuenca 20 Albacete 9 Badaioz 2 1 Cáceres 10 Sevilla 22 Córdoba 1l Granada )7 AImería 12 Málaga 24 Cádiz FRAICIA

Dtlre bareessentials Here are someessentialswhich you needto learn, and can also usefor pronunciation practice: Greetings Buenos días Buenastardes Buenasnoúes Hola Goodbyes Adiós Hasta luego Iüe will talk about how theseare usedin Unit 1. Now practise sayingthesecourtesy phrases: Please Por favor Thank you Gracias; nuchas gracias De nada Not at all Perdone I'm sorry Usefirl emergencyphrasesare May I? gSepuede? (if you want to tâke a chair, open a window, pushthrough a knot oÍ people,etc.); That's enough, thank you. Basta, gracias. (useit in a resteurant if your plate is getting too.full); I don't understand. No entiendo. I don't know. No sé.

€ ! .cIc\\.oJ \\ cn' ç -clII cOrã oJ I o.\\) = rü = oo In this unit you will learn . to saywho you arc . to askand saywho someonê elsèis . to give your nâmeand ask for someoneelsê's . baslccourtesyphras€s

Beforeyou start Make sure you have read the study guide in the Introduction' which gives some helpful advice on how to make the most of this course. IÍ you have úe recording, use it as much and as often as you can, taking advantage of the pause button to practise repeating phrasesuntil you can sâythem natually. ActividadActivity 1 It's likely that you already know a few words of Spanish.IÍ you can think of âny,such asthe words Íor hello, thank you, please,saythem out loud and then checkthe word list below to seewhether you were right. bnenosdías,seÍor gpod day(sir)(us€dtill aboú 3pm) busnastardes, seõorita gpod altamoon(/7],iss) (usedtill lâteeveningl buenasnoches,se6ora good nlüt (Ínadan) l€sta luÕgo 8e WU iá,ter graclas thankWu portavoÍ proase sí j€s no no hola l,erro poldone sor,1 excuseme d€nado Íhat'sal,dgn don't menüonrt I The Spanisngrê€tingsBu€nos dÍas, Buenas taldes, Busnas noches do not corespond sxactly to the English Good mominglGood day, Good aftemoon, Good sveningleood nlght. Buonos días is usêdduringthe fitst paÍt oÍ the day until roughlyÌhe timeoÍ the mainmed which,Íor mostSpaniârdsi,s around2pm or evên as latê as 3pm. AÍter that, Buonaa taÌdes is usêd. Buenas noches is us€donly latointhe eveningor whensomeonsis goingto bed. Hola, an irìfoÍmalgreetingequivalèntlo hello,can be usod al anytime. Wh6nsâyinggpodbye,hasta lu€go is thê way to saygoodbyeíor now, or seeyou raigr.AdÍos meansgoodbye,and should bs used whenyou dont expectto sêeÌhat psrsonagainfor a while.

Noticethe abbreúations$. Íor i€fior (Mr.),Srâ. for soõora (M/s.), SÌta. for s€õorlte (Mlss/Ms) and Srcs. for s€fioÌ€s (Mr. and MÍs-/MessÍs.). DOiátogo 1 Dialogue1 Isabel is going to meet some of Paco'scolleagues.BeÍore the party, he showsher somepictures. SheasksPacoto tell her who vanous PeoPleare. babêl i,Quiénos sst6 sofior? Paco Esel Sr.Ortega. lsabel Paco Estas€õora,eês Luisa? leâbel No. No ês Luisa,ês Juanlta. Paco Y estossefiorês,úquiónesson? Estosson los Sr€s.HèÍÍêto. Later Isabel introduces herself to one of úem. lsabol Sr.HeÍr€Ío,buen6 taroês. SÍ. ffega lsebel No soyêl Sr.HenêÍo,soy êl Sr.Ortêga. SÍ. OÍtsga Oh,peídones, effor... lsabêl Denada,seãorita.Y ôquiénêsVd.?Vd.ês tsabel,óno? SÍ,soy lsabê|.

€st3 a3õoÍ thlsmanlgentleman esta s€6oÍa/so6oÌlta thiswomanllady €sta seõorita thisgirl êatoa solorea thes€people/ladieasnd genflemên helshelit is,you are 93 tlÈy arc,you are {plura} whois (he/sheftAwl ho areyou? son èqulén es? whodre they? a,quiónoson? lam soy you (oftenwrittènVd., Vds,, ust€d, ustedès but pronouncêdusted, ustedês) Languagepoints I MasculineandÍemininewords In the dialogue you haveencounteredesteseior and estaseriora. Este and estaâÍe the masculineand feminine forms of the same word, which we have to use becausesúor is masculine and súora is Íeminine. All names of things in Spanish are either masculine or feminine, not only the obvious ones like man and woman, boy and girl, This distinction is known asthe genderoÍ the word. You can often tell a word's genderfrom its ending: for example, almost all words ending in -o are masculine,and those ending in -a are mostly ferninine. Genderis important becauseit affects the other words in a sentence.There is more on this in úe next unit, DonÌ worry if this is a new idea that seems strange- in practice it causesno gÌeat difficultf in Spanish. 2 EstosTtese Estosis usedwith plúral words referring to severalmasculine thingsipeople or to a mixed group of úingVpeople, e.g, estos seiores, meaning tàesemen oÍ thesemen and uomen. 3 Questions ) o C

In Spanish,it is easyto make a question. One way is to add pno? to the end of the staternent,rememberingto Íâise your voice to give a questioning tone at the end of úe sentence.This has úe sameeffect as using isnï it, aren't you, etc.in English, Vd. esIsabel. You are lsabel. Vd. esIsabel,lno? Are you Isabel? Ânother way is to turn Vd. es,Vds. son round: iBsVd. Isabel? Are you lsabell lSonVds.losSres, Are you Mr and Mrs. Herrero? Herrerc? You will have noticed úat in written Spanish two question marks are used to identify a question - an inverted one at the beginning aswell asthe stândard one ât the end. If only part oÍ the sentenceis really úe question, the question marks go round that part, as in Vd. esIsúel gno?Exclamation marks work in Ìne sameway: Paco;esVd,! Paco, ü's you! 4 Formal'you' Usted (plural ustedes) means you, rnd is used except when talking to peopleyou know very well or to children (or animals or God). In writing it is oÍten abbreviated to Vd. (plural Vds.) There is anotheq lessformal, way of sayingyou, but you won't needthis until Unit 11. 5 Howto usethe negative 'Whenyou want to sâythat somethingis zot úe case,simply put no before the word that tells you what is happening (the verb). You havein Íact already seenthis in No, zo esLuisa and No soy el Sr. Herrero. ActividadesActivities 2 How would you greet the following people at úe times shown? a a male businessacquaintance,at 10am b a girl you know well, at lpm an older couple you have met a few times, at 6pm d a hiend at a pârty, at 9pm e your family when you are going to bed, at l1pm

Someoneasks you to tell úen who the following characters are. Answer using the information given in brackets. a lQuién esesteseíor? (Paco) b pQuién esestaseíonta? (Isabell c ;Quién esestaseion? (Sra. Ortega') d lQuiénes son estosseíores? lSres,Hererol e Esteseio4 ;es Pedro?(Paco) Í Esta seãorita, ;es Luisa? (Isaóel) s Estossefiores,gsonlos Sres.García?lSres.Albal 4 Tum the Íollowing statementsinto questions by adding;no? in a, b, c and changing úe order oÍ the words in d and e. a Estosseõoresson los Sres.Méndez. b Esteseflor esPaco. c Esta seãorita esJuanita. d Vd. esPaco. e Vds. son los Sres.Alba. D Oialogo2 Dialogue2 óCómose llama? What'syourname? This time Pacois invited asa guestto Isabel'sparty and he wont know everyonethere. He asksher to identify a Íew people from her photo album. Paco i,Cómose llamaêstas€õoílta? babel Sè llamaAna. Pâco tsab€l Y oste s€ãor,ecómosê llamâ? Paco Éstees el Sr.Canera, lsab€l Esios Srss.,i,quiénosson? Sonlos Srês.Alba, Àt the party Paco introduces himselÍ to Sr. and Sra. Âlba - he has a better memory than Isabel! Paco Buenastardss. sêfioras.Me llamo Paco.Vds. son los Srês.Alba, üno? SÍa. Aba SÍ.somoslos SÍ€s.Alba. sô flamâ helslÌêis @lled,wu a!ê caled m6 llamo I am @ ec!,my nameis èCóíìo so ffamaVd,? Whatüirt.h.ow)ixê you called, whal is your name? 30moa wê at€

Languagepoints 6 Me ffamo My nameis Another way of identifyingyourselfand other peopleis to use me llamo I am called oÍ tny ndme r's, and se lLzrna helshe is called,you are called,To ask someone'snâme, use the word gCómo?at the beginningof the question: ;Cómo sellama? Vhat is hislher/its name?/ ;Cómo sellamaVd.? what is helshelit called? What is your name?/ uhat are you called? 7 More on questions You will have seenthat questionwords or 'interrogatives',as they are known, suchas ;quién? who? anó.pômo? hout! have an âccent.This is not to indicate where the stressfalls (see Pronunciationguide)but to showthat the word is beingusedin â question,not in â stâtement.You will find them usedwithout accentstn stâtements. Cl Documentonúmerc1Documentnoo.1 1Cómosellama estehotelì

Actividades Activities 5 Give the questionsto which thesewould be answers. a Me llamo Paco. b Sellama Isabel, Me llamo Sra. Méndez. d Sellama Sr.Méndez, e No. No me llamo Pedro.Me Llamo Paco. Ì No. No sellama Luisa.Sellama Isabel. s Sí. SomosPedro y Conchita Ortega. 6 Fill in the grid, using the clues given, and column A will reveal a word you will use on your departure from Spain. a a way oÍ introducing yourself b what you would say iÍ you bumped into someone c you're trying to find out who someoneis d a greeting usedbetweenÍriends e you have to go but you'll be back soon - what would vou sav? Congratulationsl You have completed the first unit of the cowse. There was a lot to learn in úis unit, and it's important to make sure you've understood it all properly before proceedingto Unit 2, Rememberto usethe ânsweÍs(Key) at the back of the book to check how well you've done in úe Actiüdades, and keep listening tolrepeating phrasesuntil úey âre thoroughly familiar. Then make a final check of your memory and understanding of the material in Unit 1 by uying the litde testbelow.

Self-evaluation How would you do the following? 1 Ask someonewho they are (two ways). 2 Tell someonewho you are (two ways). 3 Checkwith someone'Isyour name...?' 4 Apologize becauseyou've knocked over a girl's drink. 5 Identify a couple as Mr. and Mrs. Méndez.

oãõ Gr oJ CL 0) õ CL co Qr -+ì 3õ = oCL'\\) oa rì) In this unityou will leaÍn . to ask whgrppeopleaÍ€ Írom . to tind oú someone's nâtionalityandtoll thEm yours

Doiátogo Listen to (or read) the dialogue twice, pâusing to repeat the phrases. Sra, Ménd€z ADedóndê€s,Paco? Paco Soyde Madrid.SoymadrileãoY. èVd.? St€. Móndoz Soy dê Madridtambién.SoymadÍils6a, Paco Sra. lúárd€z Y Ana,6s espafiola,òvêdâd? SÍ, es espaõola,ês catalana.Los Srss. Alba son Pâco Sra. Ménd€z espanobstamblén. óDedóndeson? Sondê Sêvillalosdos. úd€dóndoê$...? whereis,.. from? üdedóndeson...? whereate ... from? tamblén a/so madÌ{lêfro fÌom Mdúd, a manlpersonfrom Maddd madrflefia frcm Maddd,a womanfromMadid los dos Íhe two, both Languagepoint I Naüonality To sayyour nationality or someoneelse's,usethe words soy, es, somos,son asyou did to identiÍy people,and add the nationality description: soy inglés, es espaíoUespaiola. Note úat úe ending of úe nationality word must change according to úe genderof the person described.It also changesiÍ you are talking about more úan one person: somos americanos,son francrses, Here are a few examples wiú the masculine, feminine and olural forms: county ma6'cullne feminine Dluìel Américâ anìencano amêÍlcanâ amedcanos Australia austÍaliano australiana australianos Italia italiano Itallana italianos Francia francés íranc€sa francês€s Escocia ôscocés êsclcesa escooêses ldanda iÍlandés irlandêsa lrlandêsss Al€mania alemán alemana abmanss Germatry is ÁJemaniain Spanish.

These nationality words are also úe ones you use when you want to say d Sp^nish uornan, a Fteachtnn, etc. Un ftancés me ts d Frenchman. Actividad 1 a Saywhere you are Írom. b Saythat you are English (or whatever). c Saythat you are not Spanish. d Àsk Pacoif he is Spanish. e Ask Isabelif sheis Soanish. Í Ask Isabel where shi is from. E Ask the Sres.Méndez where úey are from, h Ask the Sres.Méndez iÍ úey are from Madrid. (What will úey answer?) i Âsk the Sres.Méndez iÍ they are Spanish.(What will úey answer?) i Saythat you and your companion are English. k Saythat you and your companion are not Spanish. I Hot Spaniardswill say soy ospahol(a).some Íor êxample, may insi\"snt, soy câtalán, sotf caialana, soy do Catalufia, somos calalanos, somos d€ Catalufia, iÍ they are fÍom the north-easiof SoainoÍ Barcalona. Pooplefrom the BasquecountryaÌè likèlyto think oÍ themsêlvesas BasquêsÍathèrthân Spaniardsandwlll say:soy vasco, soy vasca, soy de Etrzkadl,somos ìraooog,gomosd€ Euzkadl.Euzkadlis the Basqueword Íor the Basquercgion. It ls importantto bo awaÌeol the strcngÍ€gional,or somêwouldsay national,s€nsibilitieswithinSpain,particularlyInthose reglonswhich stlll use thêir own separatèlanguâgss,such as Cataluffaand the Basquecountry. The Basquô languageis quite differentfom Spanish.lt is a vêry ancièntlanguageand excoptionallydifficultto loarn.Catalán,too, is a soparatelanguagêÍÍom Spanish,andhâsto bê baÍnêd separatêly, bú unlikeBasquêit is clos€ly t€latêdto Spanlshas it also derivês fÍom Lãtin, Somotimostho Spanish language is reíerÍ€d to as castollano or 'Câstillan'. A man íÍom BaÍcelona (ths capital oÍ Câtalufia)could say: soy d€ BâÌc€lona, Soy barc€lonós. Soy catalán y tombión .spafrol, Hablo (, spêak)catalán y tamblón castellano.

All Spaniaídsars vêry attachôdto thelr hom€ region,ev€n iÍ th€y havemovedawayfrom n. R b in Í€cognitionoÍ thls rôglonalloyaity that Spainls diüded irúoautonomÍasor règlonswith a goodd6aloÍ locál selÍ-govsrnment. Local pride is also evldent in people's attachmerìtând loyaltyto th€lr hometown oÍ city. Unlikein Engllsh, MìoÍ€ we onfy have a few woÍds lil<ê Londonarot Mancunlan, Spanishhas a word Íor lhe InhabltantsoÍ all towns oÍ any slze. For exampl6,a mantÍom Sôvillewoulddescribehlms€]fas un serdtlano. Actividad D 2 S\"y *h.r\" the following are from, e.g.Un sevillano esde Sevilla- a sevillano is from Seville.Note aa sevillano.c man from Seville.Not all oÍ them are obvious, so match the two columns, or look back ât úe map in the introduction, on p. xi. Don't forget to check your answersin the Key. Examole: Un sevillano esde Sevilla. a sevillano Barcelona b madrileio Burgos c barcelonés d granadino Câdiz e cordobés Córdoba f malagueõo Cuelca g burgalés Granada h zaragozano Madrid i tarraconense Mâlaga I toledano Salamanca k salamantino San Sebastián I vallisoletano(!) Sevilla Tarragona n conquense ïbledo o gatidano(!!) Valladolid p donostiarra(!l!) Zamota Zaragozt Languagepoints 2 Howto say'a,an':un.,!na As you saw in the phrasegiven aboveÍor a kenchman the word for a in Spanish is un. It changesto una when used wiú a feminine word. Note also that in the sort of sentenceshown in

úe first three examplesbelow, the descriptive word /ollozls the word for úe person in Spanish: un seflor espaíol a Spanishran una sefiorita francesa a Frenchgi una seiora vasca a Basquelady un irlandés an lrishman una inglesa an Englishuoman Look again ât úe list in Actividad 2. There you have a list of male/masculine iúabitants of a number of Spanish cities: a Sevíllian, a Cordoban, etc. If we wished to indicate a female inhabitant, un would becomeuna, and all words ending in -o would change to -a, thus: una sevillana; una madrileia; una granadina; una gaditana. Those ending in -s would add an -a: una barcelonesa; una cordobesa; una burgalesa. Those ending in -e or -a already would not change: una taÍÍaconense; una conquensq unâ donostiarra. So the word Íor a has two forms, un and una; in general (and there âre exceptions) you use un wiú a word ending in -o (masculine),and una with a word ending in -a (feminine). Words endingwiú oúer letters haveto be learnt asyou go. This masculine/femininedivide applies to ever)'thing in Spanish,not iust people,asyou will see. 3 Languages The masculinesingular form oÍ the nationality description, e.g. espaffol,is also the nameof the language.Soto saythat you can speakEnglishand Spanishyou say:Hablo ingl!5 y s5pafi6l.Te sãy that someoneelse speaksSpanishyou would say: Habla espaiol. llhen you have introduced yourself to a Spanish personor askedtheir narne,usingwhat you havelearnedin Unit 1, they may well encourageyou by saying Habla espaíol nuy bien: You speak Spanishuery well, even if they do not ask you iEs Vd. espaffol?or gEsVd, espaõola?Notice that in Spanish there is no capital letter on the word for your nationality or the name of the lãnguage,only on the name oÍ úe country itselÍ - espaiol, espaüola,espaioles, Espaia.

lí51 lÍl tol lõl !ôl lõl tEl tâl t3l l'l ll ll tol Ir9J Spanish-speackoinugntÍies

Actividades 3 The namesof sevenlanguagesare hidden in this wordsearch. Five are onesthat you haveencounteredin this unit, but úere ere two úat you should be able to guess.The words run across,down, up, backwards and diagonally. IGOERMCP TOS S LARA A L U P T VS N LFRANCES IPLNORLE AAROTPGN NZMLIFNA OP S E B L I D 4 You are having a conversation with a Spanish friend, Antonio, about which languagesyou speak and understand (entiendo I undcrstandl. Play your pârt to complete the dialogue. Antonlo Vd. hablaInglés,èvordad? a You Sayyes,you speakEnglisll. Antonlo b You èEsVd. âmêdcâno? Tellhimyournatíonalv ürd sy: W'rc Caâlan,üut\"t ftrtonio you? c You Sí baÍcolon&. Hablocatalán.ôEntiêndeVd. catalán? Aìtonlo gy no, you don't undetshnd Cahlán. You sp€É,k d You Frenchand Spanislr Vd. hablaèspafiolmuybiên. &y thankyou verymuch. 5 Various people are stating úeir cities of origin and úeir native language. Match the cities on the left wiú the languageson the right. a soy de Berlín i hablo inglés b soy de Londres ii hablo francés c soy de BuenosAires iii hablo catalán d soy de Barcelona iv hablo alernán e soy de París v hablo espaflol

0f Documentonúmero2 Un pequeio anuncio para Radio 3. El esloganes 'Somoscorno somos'. (Á linle aduertisementf,õr Radio 3. The slogan is:'We are as uteare'.| How woufd vou sav I am as I am? Self-evaluation Can you: 1 say whgre you are from (which town)? 2 say whãt nationality you areì 3 saywhat language(sy)ou speak? 4 tell someonehe/shespeaksEnglish, very well? 5 ask someonewhere he/sheis from? 6 asksomeoneü he/sheis Spanish/Englishe,tc? 7 give the masculine and feminine forms to describe people from the following places: a Espaia b Escociac Cataluf,a d Euskadi e Alemania?

=3CLõ acoo)r, TS)r a3 ooco II- o3 octoa-t In this unityou will lgarn . to saywhereyou live and woÍk . to ask otherswhat they do and wheÍêthey do it . to giveyour addÍ€ss . numbêr€0-20

0l Lectura Listento, or read,the following pâssageabout Pacoand Isabel. Key words are given in úe vocabulary box, but you should be able to guessthe meaning oÍ the wo:ds Íor Paco'sand Isabel's iobs. Paco vivê y trabaja en Madrid. lsab€l vive y trabaia ên Madrid también. Paco trabaja como aiquitêcto en unaoÍicinade lâ calleGoya. lsabol trabaia como administradoraèn la oÍicina ds lberia- LÍn6asAáÍeasde Esoaõa- gn la calle MaÍíadê Molina. Pacotrabaiaen la callêGoya,peíoviv6en la calleMoléndezValdós, en un apartamêntols. ab€lvivêcon la Íamlliaên un pisode la calle Almagro.El apartamontodê Paco ês pequsõo,pêro èl piso de la tâmiliâde lsabelesmuygrands. vive /iygs fa Íamilia thefamlly y tÍabda and wott(s un plao a f7aÍ erl n un apartameúo a smâllílat como as p€quefio smâ/l una oflclna an oíttce p€ro but la câllô Íhe sÍíeaÍ Ínw very con with graÍìde brg,/a/ge Actividades 1 Respond to the Íollowing statements,choosing verdad tnre or Íalso false. a Isabel vive en Madrid. Verdad Falso b Pacovive con la familia de Isabel. ü ! c Isabel rabaia en un colegio. D ! d Pacotrabaja como profesor, n n e La oficina de Pacoestáen Goya. tr ! Í Pacovive en la calle MeléndezValdés. ! n tr !

D2 Arrr*\", th. questions. gDóndetrabala Paco? b^ ;Dónde vive Paco? c ;Dónde trabajaIsabel? d gDóndevive Isabel? € 2VivePacoen un piso grande? f ;Vive Isabel en la calle Goya? c a'Quiénvive en la calle MeléndezValdés? h iQuién trabajaen María de Moline? i pTrabaiaPacocomo administrador? i ;De qúén esla oficina en María de Molina? Languagepoint 1 How to say'thê'! el, la, loí lds In Unit 2 you found úat theÍe are two Spanishwords for a and anz rm and,una, used according to the gender of the word to which úey are attached. Spanishalso has more than one word for thet eI is usedwiú masculine words. and la wiú feminine words, So we have: el apanamêrìto êl piso el aÍquitec-to olsênor lâ oficinâ la familia la s€õora la calle* fnot allfemlninewordsendin -al) When táe precedesa plural word, two new Íorms are needed.El becomeslos and la becomeslas. So we have: los apaÍtamerúos los pisos los arquitêctos los s€õoÍ€s lasolïclnas lâsÍamilias lasseõoras lascâllês As you may rememberfrom Unit 1, when you are talking about a person by their name and title, you need to use úe definite article (el, la, los or las), for example El Sr.Méndez no Mx Méndezdoen't entiendeâlemán. understandGennan. La Srta, Carrera Mks Cmt*a k from es madrileãa. Madrid. Mr. and Mrs. Alba are Los Sres.Alba son from Seaille. sevillanos.

However, when talking to a person face to fâce, the deÍinite article is not needed,unlessyou are asking them who they are. Sr.Méndez,;habla Vd. inglés? Buenosdías, Srta. Carrera. ;Son Vds. los Sres.Alba? Actividad 3 Fill in the blanks with el, la, los, or las. a - apartamentosson generalmentepequeíos. ;Dónde trabaia arouitecto? b Isabelvive con - familia. d -iDóndeSersetsá.Mn-éndezsoofinceinsapsadõeoIlseasb. ely Paco? -Pacovivpeiseond-ondevicvaelIlesaMbeelélensdmeuzVy aglrdaénsd.e. e f c Languagepoint 2 2,Quéhace Vd.? Whatdo you do? There are flvo €âsyways of asking what work someonedoes. One way is to ask iQué haceVd.? What do you doì lldany oÍ the repliesmay soundsimilarto English,but in Spanishmost oÍ them have a masculine or Íeninine form. Here are a Íew examplesof what a person might say when you ask them gQué haceVd,? masculine feminine soy actor actriz actorlactress soy profssor profssora Í€acher soy administrador administradora administtdtor soy camarêro camargra waiter/waitress soy dirgctordg direc'torade company omprêsa ompresa director soy erìíêrmêto enfermera nulse Somewords for occupations are the samewheúer they Íefer to a man or a vr'oman.These include those ending in -ista or -e, suchas:

un/una axista d tã.xi d.riuer uÍ/una ertista dn artist un/una oeriodista a iouÍrralist uníunacontâble afl acco ntúnt un/una intérprete 4n intzrprcter ur/una estudiante a.sü.td.ent The oúer way to ask about a person's iob is to say pDónde trabaia Vd.! Wherc do you uork? Here are various possible answersto úis question: Trabaioen una oficina. I work in an office. Trabajo en una agencia I uork in a tourist officel de turismo. aSency. Trabajo en un colegio. I utork in a school. Trabajo en un hospital. I uork in a hospital. Trabaioen casa. I uork at home. Note úat 1Dónde?and gQué?are two more examplesof words that need accentswhen they are usedto ask a question. Actividad 4 Match each of the following professions (on the left) with one of the placesoÍ work on the right. Someplaceswill be usedfor more úan one answer a Es profesor - trabaia en un café b Soy administradora - trabajo en un hospital c SoyenÍermera- trabajo en un colegio d Es arquitecto - rabaia en una oficina un teatfo e Es actriz - trabaia en f Soycamarero - trabaio en ClDiátogo Pacoand Isabel are being asked by Ricardo where they live and work. Listen to (or read) the dialogue tveicebefore studying the rest of the unit to seehow to talk about where you live. Rlcardo èDóndeviveVd., lsabêl? lsabêl Mvo en Madrid,en la callsAlmagro. Rlcardo èY dóndeüabala? l.ab6l TrabaFen la calle Maía de Molina.

FicaÌdo èYVd.,Paco? Paco Mvoen Madridlambién. RlcaÍdo Paco eDóndêên MadÍid? Ricardo Enla calleMsléndezValdésn, úmerocinco,tercéÍoD. Paco èY trabajaVd. en Madfid? SÍ,trabajosn la calleGoya. Languagepoints 3 'l work, I live,| ...' Tirabaioand üvo meanI uork andI liue. When you want to say 'I' do sorneúing you will find úat the word almost always ends in -o, asin severalexamplesyou already know: hablo, me llamo, entiendo. There are a very small number of exceptions to this de, one of which is the word Íor I az - soy, DC HúmerosÈN Number0s-20 0 ceÍo 1 7 once .1 uno 11 doce dos 13 trece t 4 câtorce J tres 1 5 qúnce 1 6 dieciséis 4 cuatro 1 7 diecisiete 1 8 dieciocho J cinco 7 9 diecinueve 6 se$ 20 veinte 7 siete 8 ocho 9 nueve 70 diez Learn thesethoroughly. Practisethem not only in order but at random to help you rememberthem. 5 4Dóndevavê?Wheredoyoulive? Depending on the context, you might needto give only a vague reply such as úvo en Madrid or üvo en Londres, On some occasions,however,you may needto give your address,and for visiting Spanish friends or places you will cenainly need to understand when sorneonetells vou theirs. Here is a typical address(la dirección). La direcciónde Isabeles:

SeãoritalsaúelEdllestêrGarcía Alnagro 14,fA 2AüO Mdlnid Esfdãa Notice you do not need to use the word calle, although other words, such as avenida, plaza, paseo, are usually not omitted. The figure 6\" A stands Íor sexto Á, i.e. the sixú floo4 Ílat A. 28010 is the codeÍor Madrid (28) and the district (010). Here is Paco'saddress(Pacois shon for Francisco): SefrorDot FrdnckaoRuiz ãallego MeléndezYaldês5, 3D O15Malril kpafra Actividad 5 a Ask Pacowhere he lives. (Ilhat will he answer?) b Ask Isabel where sheworks, (Vhat will sheanswer?) c Tell Pacoyou also live in a small apartm€nt. d Tell Isabel you also work in an office. e Tell her you do not speakSpanishvery well yet (todaúa). Í. Give your nationality and say what languageyou speak.

I Youwitt have noticsd two things ãbout the namesin lhis unit. The first is that lsabeland Pacohavetwo surnâmês.All SoaniaÍds do. TheytakethefiËt of theirfathedstwo namssandthe first of thêir mothêr's.In âny círse, Spanishwomên ksêp their own nameson marÍiags,and take their husband'swhenbeingspokenof iointly,as in los Srês,Méndez.lf you onlywantto usêonesumame,whichyou normallydo for infoÍmalusê, it must bê thê first. So FranciscoRuiz Gallogois Paco Rulz to his fÍiênds.The otherthing you may havê noted is the use of don. You use it in fomd situationswith the forename(neverwith the surnaÍneonly). For manied womèn use doffa. The wiÍe of Sr. Méndezhappênsto be Sra. DoÉa AuÌDÌ? Lozano Bonet. No mentionof Sr. Méndêzat all! Howèvêr,Doõa is not usuallyusedúth the namesot unmâÍÌìedwomen.Thereis morê onthisin Unit12. Actividad 6 The written numbers 0-12 are all - except one - hidden in this wordsearch.They arewritten backwards,up, down and diagonally as well âs âcÍoss.What is the missing number? LCUATRON OTPORECR ZCLTECNO EOHVSEIS INEOCCCA DUDNTOML NROEADIP Self-evaluation Can you do the following? 1 Count backwards from 20 to zero. 2 Saywhere Pacolives. 3 Ask Isabel what shedoesand where sheworks. 4 Saythat you are a company director. 5 Saywhere you live and where you work.

Documentonúmero3 PISOASESTRENAR 4 domilorios. 2 baÍos. G o c i nAam u e b l a d a . PlazdaeGaraie Directamente plopiedad Somenew flats are for salenearthe airpon. a How many bedroomsdo they have? b Wherecan you keepyour car? c What timescanyou phonethe agency?

c\\.oJ oCLã 9) I Orõ rü 3oc o.\\) oo+ 0)r In tlris unit you will lêam . to askafter othêÍa' hêalth and rospondto quèriesabout your own . to dôscÌibêpêoplêand things . to Eaywhê|€ttringsaÍ€

BeÍoreyou start You can now say a number of things about yourself in Spanish. You should be able to write or say at least sú sentencesabout yourself and where you work and live. Try to come up with a similady long description oÍ a relative or friend. Languagepoint 1 'Tob€'or,.. 'to be'? You have already learnt the Spanishfor I am, he is, etc.: soy lam somos wo aÌp es he/shalitis son Vds. son they€,re Vd.ss wuarc you ar€ (plural) However, we usea diÍferent set oÍ v.ords for I am, yot Are, etc. if we are saying where we are, or where things are, or if we are sayinghow we feel,or what statewe are in - tired, pleased,ill, well, marriedor singleand so on For example, imagine a gossipy man boring his neighbow on the beach with the following monologue. He doesnt wait for many ansrvers,but notice how he switches from one group of vr'ordsto the other according to the context. He sayssoy or es when he wants to say uhat he ìs, or uhat someúing is, but estoy,esá, estamos,están,in saying or askìngl2ow or ubere he is, or peopleand thingsare. ClMonólogo Soy aÍgentino,pêro sn este momêrúogstoy en Espaffa.Estoy dê vacaciones,y estoy muy contento. Mi familia €3tá aquí tambión. Estamos todos muy contentos.Y Vd., èêstá Vd. de vacaciones? òEslálafamiliatambión?èEnquehotel€stánVds.?Ah;es un hotel magníficoò. EsVd. millonario?2QuéhaceVd. puês?Ah, un artista. Vd. 9s muyÍamoso,€stoy seguro. €atoy de vacaciones I am on holiday oatán theyarclyouarê (plural)are êstoy contonto/soguro I am pleased/sure €atamos contentos we are pleased aquí here todo/ioda/todosllodas all, every millonaílo millionaire

Languagepoint Clz soyoestoy/am So our Spanishfriends would say: Soy Paco.Rstoysoltero (srzgla). Soy Isabel. Estoy soltera. Somoslos Sres,Méndez. Estamoscasados(maniedl. And we can say about them: IPsaacboeelseess-oeasfpioalf.rEoslatá.Esostltáersoo.ltera también, pero los Sres. Méndezestáncasadosn, aturalmente(of coursel. Perhapsúe commonest useof thesewords is inr ;Cómo estáVd.? ;Cómo estánVds.?Hou are you? To which you answer: Estoy bien, gracias./ I'm finc, thank you.l Estamosbien, gracias. We'refine, thankyou. And you? ;Y Vd.?/;Y Vds.? You can ask after third parties, as in: ;Cómo estáPaco? iCómo estánlos Sres,Méndez? To which you hope to hear the answer: Está bien, / He\\ fine.l Están muy bien los dos. They are both uery uell. Now here is a subtle point. If you ask ;Cómo esPaco?You are asking what he is like - all, short, friendly, etc. If you ask ;Cómo es?íPaco?you want to know whether he is well, happy, tired. and so on. We said above Paco está soltero. This suggeststhat he is single at the moment, but will probably marry. If you say Pacoes solteroyou âre suggestingthât he is a confirmedbaúelor. You can knock on Isabel'sdoor and ask lBstí Isabel?That is to say ls Isabel in! i.e. you are asking about where she is rather than what sheis. You will get the answer sí, esú or no, no €stá.

Actividades 1 Make eight truthful sentencesfrom úese three columns: Paco es una compafiÍaimportante s8tá madrilofios lsabel son en la calle Goyâ Los s€froÍ€sMéndsz €stán madrllefia El apartamêntodê Paco p€quefio lboÌia muygÍanoe lsabely Paco casados El piso d6 lsab€l €spaõol La oficinadê Paco 2 Chooseone of the following to fill in the blanks: no es no êstá noson noostán a Isabel y Paco- casados. b IEslaSber.lM- éndez - catalana. c barcelonés. d LDEanoícgaaelnlAeeurGraool,ryaloasy-tdaoxifsiataLsu-iesna Sevilla, e millonarios. f g - contentas. PLoasríste-rroristas en Espaía. h - simpáticos. Check your sentenceswiú úe Key at úe end of the book. To sum up: we use soy, es, somos and son to indicate charudnistics (permanent)and estoy,está\"estamosand estánto indicâte st4tes (temporary) as well as posirloz (boú temporary and permanent). Docurnentonúmero4 Look at úe restarant advertisementon úe next page. a ;Cómo sellama esterestauÍante? b ;Dónde está? c iEn qué calle está? (Horno de asarindicatesthât it specializesin roasts;un horno is an oven; asaÍ meansto roâst.)

Ci SanSegundo,-,lï0hlf$.(9182)5?05ó- 25526l - ostt(tÁl vll Cloiálogo Ricardo meetsPaco and enquiresabout Isabel.Listen to (or read) the dialogue, checking úe key words given below, and practising saying eachof the phrasesout loud. Ric€tdo èCómoestáVd., Paco? Paco Estoymuybiên,gÍacias.eYVd.? Ricado Muybien.eDóndêêstálsabel? Paco Estáên casa. Ricafdo Paco óEncasa?èNotrabaja?eEstáde vacaciones? No, no está de vacaciones.No está muy bien. Está Ricado constioada. Paco Entoncesla llamoporteléfono.eQuónúmeroes? Essl 2 17 1806 (dos,diecisietèd, ieciochoc, eKtseis). €stá constlpada shehasa cord €ntonces Ínen fa ffamopoÍ tefóÍono I' giveher a fing I PhonenumbersareusuallygiverÌ <' v P in paiÍs of figures.lf thereis an odd number oÍ figuÍes, thê one at thê 'mr\".o beginningistrcatêdsingly.So2 12 16 11 is said as dos. docê. disdséis. oncê,while10 1420 wouldbê said as dlez, catorc€, ìrelnte.

Actividades 3 A Spanish f:iend is talking to you about your English colleaguewhom he met on â visit to England. Complete the diaÌogue. Antonlo óCómoeslá Jane? a You Sayshe'sverywell. Antonlo òEstátodavÍa(stil0sotteÍa? b Vou Sayno, shois nanied to (@n\\Paul. Antonio c Vou iQuébien!èEstáncontêntoslos dos? Antonlo SayJ€s,oí course. d You Antonio óY cómoes Paul? è You Sayhe ls very nlce.Heisa Scotsman, Antonlo Í You òY dóndêviven? Antonlo Saythêylivêin Edinbulgh(Edimbuígo). g You èQuóhaca Paul? *y he'san accountantand wod<sin Edinburyh. Muybien.Y Jane,ètrabaiain Edimburgoiambién? Sayyes,sâe worksin a toutistagÊncy 4 Speakingof Paco, say that: he is very well b^ he is not very well c he is an architect d he is at home e he is on holiday Í he is pléased s he is frorn Madrid h he is in Madrid i he is Spanish i he hasa cold Check in the Key that you have used es and estácorrectly, and then do Exercise5, speakingof los Sres.Méndez: 5 a they are very well b úey arenot verywell c úey are friendly d they are at home e úey are on holiday t they are pleased c they are Írom Madrid h they are in Madrid i they are Spaniards i they have colds

Languagepoint 3 Adjectives Descriptive words such as grande, pequeõo, soltero, etc. are known as adiectives,and in Spanishúey must 'agree' wiú the person(s)or úing(s) úey describe.This meansúat, aswiú the words for occupationsthat you met in Unit 3, the endingsof úe adjectivemust be masculineor feminine,singularor plural, e.g. Parn no estâcasúo,los apaÍamentos sonpequeõos,Isaúel estrá contentd, l.asenÍeineras son simpáticas,etc. Adiectives ending in -e are úe samefor boú genders,but take an -s in úe plural: Paco es inteligente. Isabel esinteligente. Los Sres.Méndez son muy inteliçntes. When you are not sayin9the gentlenon is maried but simply a nanied gentlenan, the adjective casadoalways comcsafter the noun un seúor, e.g. un seõor casado. Here are a few more examples: un piso grande a large flat, u\"a úicr antipática a horrible gi , un chico alto a tall boy, rna seõoÍa contentâ a happy hdy. Self-evaluation Can you do úe following? 1 Sayyou are pleased. 2 Sayyou are on holiday. 3 Ask someonewhat their lob is. 4 Sayyou are married/single. 5 Ask iÍ Pacois at home (when you arrive at the flat). 6 Ask after someone'shealth. 7 Sayyou are welVnot very well.

t- {ì = qr g-l I oo ).I,, -ì t- :J II õ' oq) q)CN -II t+ @- In this unityou wlll lêarn . to give details,and ask Íor information,about families and personalcircumstances . to sâywhât things bolongto whom . to saythereis and therearc

Languagepoint 1 Twousefulverbs:'have'and'say' You have already learned how to use some different parts of verbsaccordingto who is doing úe action, for examplè,habla helshelit speaks,you speah and trabaio I uorh. Here a:refito important verbs which you needto learn. tên9o I lì€ve tiene têngmos helshelit t'€/sW, u have tienen we nave theylpu (plwal,havè digo I say dicê decimos helshelits€ys,Wu say dicen we *ty theylpu (plwallsy D LecturaI Listen to (or read) Isabel'sdescription of her family two or three times, pausing after every sentenceto practise repeating the Spanish. La Íamilia de lsabel |sabêl dicê: Somosseisen mi famllia:mi padre,mi madre,y cuatrohijos.Têngo unahêímanay dos heÍmanos.Mi hemana se llamaMargaritay mis hsrmanos sê llaman Fêrnando y José Antonio. Maígarita sstá casada.Su marido se llama Luis Méndêz.Es êl hiio de los Sres. Méndêz.MaÍgarÍtay Luistlenonun hijo- Luisito. Fêrnandoy JoséAntoniono êstáncasados.Vivenen casacon mis padrês,Afortunadamentetenemosun piso grande,Ml madrêtione tamblénun peno.Esmuypequeãoy simpátlcoS. e llamaChispa.

30moc aab €n fa íâmilia f,are a/ê srxoí us ln tll€ íanlly ml padJe ny fattbl mi madÌ€ my mother mtrBpadFs rny paÌênts hlio son hlta cla gh|€'r htlos cl,irdreÍl heÍmano ôrolher h€Ìmana sister hêÍmanoa brotharslbÍoÍhelsandsrsteís maÍldo husband mujêr wife unporïo a dog slmpútlco nice,tiendly âtoÍtrnadamoÌìl,g foftJndw Languagepoint 2 'My,your,his, her,its' The words that denote who someoneor something belongsto are very eâsy to use in Spanish. Mi zry is used with both masculineand Íeminine words (mi padre, ni madre), and has an -s addedwhen usedwiú plural words (mis padres). The words su and sus are particularly usefirl as they are úe eqúvalent of severalEnglishwords. Suis usedwith singular words and means hislherlitlyourltheir, depending on the contexq sus works in exactly the same u'ây wiú plural words. Like mi and nis, su and susare not afÍected by gender.For example: mi nieto ny grandson mis nietas my granddaughters su hermano his/herly our/their brother su hermana hislhe yourltheìr sknr susabuelos hislherlyour/their grandpmerts sustías hislherlyotrlth eir aunts

Dlectura 2 Below is a diagam of Isabel'sfamily: Fsrnandoy Josó Antonio son los heímanosde lsâbèly MaígaÍita. lsab€ly Margaritason las h€Ímanasde Fomandoy José Antonlo. Sus padr€sson los Sns. Ballsster.Loe Sr€6.Ballêstory los SÍ€s. Mónd6zson lo3 abueloa(abuelo/abuelad) € Luislto. Luislio es su nieto.Luisito€sel sobrlnode Femando,do JôsóAntonioy de lsabêl. lsabêl ss la tÍa dè Luisito; Fsrnandoy Josó Antonio son los tíos. lsabèly Luissoncu6adoa.Loss€fioresBallêstsrson los suegrosdè Luis;los Sres.Méndezson 1o3sueg|osdo MaÍgarlk, sobÍlno íqplpw c{rffi ã/o'lrer-in-y'a;vt soôÍlm nbce qrfradr s,bter-ln-law 8t|egrG parcr,is-ln-hÌry lh aJnt lo uncle Actividades f,l 1 Answerúe questions: i ;Qüén esel padredeLuis? b ;Cómo sellama el padre de Luisito? c ;Cómo sellama la tía de Luisito? d gCuántosabuelostiene Lúsito? e ;Cuántos sobrinos tiene Isabel? f ;Quiénes son los suegrosde Margarita? s ;Y de Luis? h iQuién esla cuiada de Lús? ti ;Córno sellama el hermanode JoséÁntonio? iCuántos tíos (tíos y tías) tiene Luisito?

Complete the following sentences: Isabel dice; a Margarita esmi ......,., b Fernando y JoséAntonio son mis c Luis no es... hermano,es d ... padresson los,,...... de Luisito. Luisito dice: e Tengo..,.....abuelos. f ... madre... ........Margarita. g ... úo Fernandoes,.. ......,.de mi madre. Los Sres.Ballesterdicen: h Tenemos.....,..hilos y... nieto. i Tenemossolamente... ... casada. I Isabel,Fernandoy JoséAntonio no ...,...,casados,pero ,,..,..,muchosamigos, 3 Here is some information about anoúer family. Read it careÊrlly,and úen asan exercisefill in the missingnameson the diagram which follows. You'll need to use the information about Spanishsurnamesúat you learned at úe end of Unit 3. The answers,as always, are in the Key to úe exercisesat the end oÍ the book. Carlos Lóoez Silva estácasadocon Carmen Rivera García, Tienen trei hijos y tres nietos. Suhija Carmenno estácasada pero sus dos hiios Pedro y Diego sí. La mujer de Pedro se llama Ana Serrano,y tienen una hija que también sellama Carmen. Tres mujeresde esta familia sellaman Carmen: la nieta Carmen López Serrano, su tía Carmen López Rivera, y su abuela Carmen fuvera García. La pequeãa Carmen tiene dos primos Diego y JoséMaría López Ayala, hiios de Diego López Rivera y su muler María Ayala. ab

0l Lectura3 ;,TieneVd. un coche? Doyou havea car? Isabel tells us a few more details about Paco, and Paco talks about Isabel and her Íamily. Listen tô what they say (or read the passageisf you don't haveúe recording). lsabel dlco: Pacoviveen la calle MeléndezValdés.Su apârtamentoes pequeõo peroessuficiènteparaé1.EsunapartamentaolquiladoP. aconovive con sus padres,porquêsllos viv6nahoraen Alicantê,p€b yo vivo con los mÍos.Pacolieneun coche.Su cochesiemorêê3tágn la calle porqusPacono tien6garajê. Pacodlce: lsabevl iveen un pisode la calleAlmagrop, emel pisono esdê ella, naturalmôntaô,s de sus padres,y ol cocheas dê ellostambión. lsabelno tienêcochs.Dicêquo.no es necêsarioE. llay su madrâ dican qu6 los taxis son muy convenientesparâ ellas. Paramí, un cochees másconvônlênte. alqullado ronted ellas they thern(fl parcél for him ahora now de ellos thels (m) porque becausa un coch6 a cár d€ ella lÌels slemp|8 â/ways parâ effas for them (f'l él he,him más more ollâ sl,e, her para mÍ for ma ellos Í/,e, tham(m) míos Ín ro Languagepoints 3 Saying 'he, she, lhey'=é[ ella, eltos, ellas In Spanishon-lyone word is neededfor áa and him. f-l not only meanshe bvt alsohim. Likewise, ella meansboth she andber.