202110227-TRIUMPH-STUDENT-WORKBOOK-SOCIAL_STUDIES-G07-PART1

CHAPTER 6-AFRICA (xiii) The Cape of Good Hope is in . (xiv) is the most important natural resource of Nigeria. (xv) The slaves were declared free citizens in America in . Short Answer Type Questions 5. Answer the following questions in 3-4 sentences. (i) How is River Nile helpful in Africa? (ii) What were the things accepted by the tribal leaders in exchange for the slaves? Long Answer Type Questions 99 CHAPTER 6. AFRICA

CHAPTER 6-AFRICA 6. Answer the following questions in 6-8 sentences. (i) Name the different types of vegetation found in Africa. AS3-Information Skills Short Answer Type Questions 7. Answer the following questions in 3-4 sentences. (i) Read the text and answer the following questions: The Europeans exported African timber, minerals etc. on a very large scale to Europe. In fact, the gold and diamond mines in southern Africa are still under the control of European companies. Zambia and Zimbabwe have priceless mines of copper. This mineral has long been an important export item. The Europeans did not stop with exporting the resources of Africa. They established plantations to grow tea, coffee, rubber, tobacco etc. These products were also exported to Europe. i) Name some European countries that reached Africa to colonize it. ii) Name any two plantations that were exported to Europe. iii) Where are the priceless mines of copper in Africa? iv) Name an important export item CHAPTER 6. AFRICA 100

CHAPTER 6-AFRICA AS4-Reflection on Contemporary Issues and Questioning Long Answer Type Questions 8. Answer the following questions in 6-8 sentences. (i) Explain the situation of slaves, when compared to present day worker. AS5-Mapping Skills Long Answer Type Questions 9. Answer the following questions in 6-8 sentences. (i) Locate the following on a given map of Europe: a) France b) England c) Italy d) Germany e) Portugal CHAPTER 6. AFRICA 101

CHAPTER 6-AFRICA AS6-Appreciation and Sensitivity Short Answer Type Questions 10. Answer the following questions in 3-4 sentences. (i) How did Africa become the cradle of the humankind? Long Answer Type Questions 11. Answer the following questions in 6-8 sentences. (i) What were the miserable conditions when Africans were enslaved and taken to North and South Amer- ica? CHAPTER 6. AFRICA 102

CHAPTER 6-AFRICA Objective Questions AS1-Conceptual Understanding 12. Choose the correct answer. (i) Which is the largest fresh water lake in Africa? (B) Lake Tanganyika (A) Lake Nyasa (C) Lake Victoria (D) Lake Baikal (ii) Which among the following latitudes passes through the middle of Africa? (A) Tropic of Cancer (B) Equator (C) Tropic of Capricorn (D) All of the above (iii) The slaves were declared free citizens in America in the year (A) 1947 (B) 1880 (C) 1860 (D) 1990 (iv) Chocolates are made from this product. (B) Coffee (A) Timber (C) Cocoa (D) Coconut (v) River Nile drains into the (B) Mediterranean Sea (A) Red Sea (C) Indian Ocean (D) Atlantic Ocean (vi) The world’s largest gold mines are in (B) Australia (A) Africa (C) Asia (D) Europe (vii) This region gets moderate rainfall. (B) Savanna (A) Temperate (C) Tundra (D) Frigid (viii) Which of the following is an arid phyiscal feature with less or no vegetation? CHAPTER 6. AFRICA 103

CHAPTER 6-AFRICA (A) Desert (B) Plains (C) Mountains (D) Plateaus (ix) The highest peak in Africa is (A) Mount Kilimanjaro (B) Mount Kenya (C) Mount Everest (D) Mount Meru (x) Most of the Egypt is a (A) Plateau (B) Lake (C) Desert (D) Plain CHAPTER 6. AFRICA 104

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CHAPTER 7A-HANDICRAFTS AND HANDLOOMS (PART 1) J AS4-Reflection on Contemporary Issues and Questioning 110 Short Answer Type Questions 5. Answer the following questions in 3-4 sentences. CHAPTER 7A. HANDICRAFTS AND HANDLOOMS (PART 1)

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CHAPTER 78-HANDICRAFTS AND HANDLOOMS (PART 2) AS4-Reflection on Contemporary Issues and Questioning Long Answer Type Questions 5. Answer the following questions in 6-8 sentences. (i) How do you say middleman occupies an important position in the handloom industry? ASS-Mapping Skills Long Answer Type Questions 6. Answer the following questions in 6-8 sentences. (i) Locate the following on the map of India. a) Gujarat b) Maharashtra c) Uttar Pradesh d) Odisha e) Kerala CHAPTER 78. HANDICRAFTS AND HANDLOOMS (PART 2) 121

CHAPTER 78-HANDICRAFTS AND HANDLOOMS (PART 2) CHAPTER 78. HANDICRAFTS AND HANDLOOMS (PART 2) 122

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9. PRODUCTION IN A FACTORY - A PAPER MILL SESSION 1 PRODUCTION IN A FACTORY: A PAPER MILL – PRODUCTION IN A FACTORY - A PAPER MILL 1.1 Mind Map 1.2 Terminology 1. Softwood trees : trees which are soft and could not be used for making furniture but for making match sticks, agarbatties etc. 2. Raw material : Things used for the production of a particular commodity. SESSION 1. PRODUCTION IN A FACTORY - A PAPER MILL 143

CHAPTER 9-PRODUCTION IN A FACTORY: A PAPER MILL 1.3 Improve Your Learning Conceptual Understanding Q1. Imagine that you wish to start a leather or textile factory. What are the aspects you will have to consider for setting up a mill? [Refer to TB page 94 Q1] A. For setting up of a leather goods industry factory, we have to take into stock the following facts: • . First of all we need to look for a place which is far –off from residential area, as the treatment of leather with chemicals give out very foul smell. • Procurement of raw material –––Leather can be procured from animal hides, like cow, goat, buffalo etc. • The hides of tigers, crocodiles, snakes etc have been banned by Government, so it should not be acquired illegally. • A good training department to be made where high–end training should be provided to workers. • We should concentrate on making any one type of leather goods, for eg. if we concentrate on bag then skilled staff should be hired, who know how to design bags, what leather to be suitable, what kind of stich to be given and which colour would attract more buyers. • Good machines of cutting leathers, stitching machines should be bought. • proper care should be taken to contain environment hazards. • Good facilities to the workers should be provide because only happy and healthy workers can con- tribute to make good leather products. • If all the above facts are followed stringently, we can hope to make a good profit–making factory producing quality goods. Q2. Explain the process of paper–making in your own words. [Refer to TB page 94 Q2] A. Paper making factory needs to follow step by step method as given below: • Procurement of raw material is the first and step. • Wood is the prime requisite for making paper especially Bamboo tress. • Since bamboo trees are not much available, subabul trees are also used to make paper. • These loads of trees are given a batch number and then cut into chips by big machines which can cut a lorry full of trees in 30 minutes flat. • The batch number is very important because if anything wrong happens, it can be easily identified as to which batch went wrong so that it can be removed or rectified. • These chips are further cut into much smaller pieces. • These chips are sent into boiling water where with the help of other chemicals which make it into pulp like substance to which further whiteners are mixed to make white papers. • These pulps are further rolled and flattened with the help of machines. • When the sheet of pulp is ready for making paper, its been cut into several sizes and ready to dispatch. SESSION 1. PRODUCTION IN A FACTORY - A PAPER MILL 144

CHAPTER 9-PRODUCTION IN A FACTORY: A PAPER MILL Q3. Compare the production of baskets by craftspersons and production of paper with reference to the following points: (i) Workplace (ii) Tools/machines (iii) Raw materials (iv)Workers (v) Market (vi) Owners. [Refer to TB page 94 Q8] A. Paper Baskets 1. Paper can only be made in a Paper mill which requires big Baskets can be woven in a land. small place. 2. Paper making first of all requires lorries to collect raw The raw material for material like wood from forests and delivered at the paper baskets are are spines of factory date palms which can be brought by a single person from villages to town. 3. Big machines are required for chipping woods, making Basket maker just cuts the wood pulp and rolling and flattening the wooden pulp. spine of date palm with the help of knife and dries it in the sun. 4. Collection of raw material of wood is a big work. Collection of raw material is fairly easy as compared to paper. 5.Paper Mills have to maintain a large workforce as the No workforce required. requirement is big and work is done round the clock in shifts. 6. The selling or marketing the paper is done in various cities Baskets are sold on the on a large scale. They have depots on various cities and pavements of big or small papers are dispatched according to the orders of customers. cities. The maker only sells Paper is also exported to countries Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, them. Malaysia, Singapore Nigeria etc. 7.Paper Mill is not really owned by one person but few The maker of the baskets is partners who invest large amount of money and also borrow the seller and owner both. from banks. The profit is shared by the partners equally. Q4. There is a paper mill at Sirpur Kagaznagar in Komrambheem district. Why do you think it is not established in the district headquarters? Discuss. [Refer to TB page 94 Q9] SESSION 1. PRODUCTION IN A FACTORY - A PAPER MILL 145

CHAPTER 9-PRODUCTION IN A FACTORY: A PAPER MILL A. • It is a general phenomenon that all good things have a bad side too. • The paper which we use is white and clear and shining but the other side of the story is quite dark. • After the paper is being rolled out, the waste water is released out in open, out side the factory which gives a very strong stench due to the usage of chemicals while making paper. • This stench has to be borne by the residents as they have their homes there. • The chipping process too lets out large amount of dust which sits on nearby trees, plants and also inside houses. • This dust is also inhaled by the people living in and around paper mills. • The Sirpur Kagaz Nagar paper mills are far from the city to avoid pollution hazard. • Some paper mills have got machines which remove the contaminating stuff from the waste water and then releases it out of its premises but a lot of paper mills hardly pay any attention to this pollution which has very adverse effect on human health. • Just like Kagaznagar mills were made outside the cityskirts way other paper mills too should shift their paper mills to the outskirts of the city for the upkeep of general health. Reading the Text, Understanding and Interpretation Q1. Read the third para of page 91. Do you think that the factories are taking care of their workers health? Why? [Refer to TB page 94 Q11] A. Students activity Reflection on Contemporary Issues and Questioning Q1. Imagine the world without paper. What alternatives will you use instead of paper? [Refer to TB page 94 Q4] A. From the moment we wake up in the morning paper is a part of our life. Paper is useful to us in many ways every day. From toilet paper to train tickets every thing is paper. Without paper we cannot buy a cup of coffee. we cannot post our mail. There is no post office. No hard copies like xerox, documents, stamp papers exist. No loyalty cards, coupons. Instead of paper we have technological advancements like mobile phones, laptops, and instead of taking paper copies we can use softwares like PDFs, images etc. There are three–free papers. Post–consumer wastes can be used. We can use Henp, Kenof, Bamboo, Agri–pulp and cotton. If we use these alternatives we can save our earth from deforestation. Mapping Skills Q1. Locate the following countries on the world map. [Refer to TB page 94 Q10] a) Sri Lanka b) Singapore c) Nigeria d) South Africa e) Nepal SESSION 1. PRODUCTION IN A FACTORY - A PAPER MILL 146

CHAPTER 9-PRODUCTION IN A FACTORY: A PAPER MILL A. 1.4 Key Concepts • A paper mill aquires a large area of land and several big machines are installed in the mill for paper making. • Bamboo tree pulp is the best for making paper. • But nowadays bamboo trees are not found much so Subabul trees are used. • Paper mill is not owned by any single person. There are always four to five persons who make paper mill by making large investments and also borrow money from Banks. • A paper mill should always be established on the out skirts of the city to avoid health hazards as lot chemicals are used in paper making. • Chipping is a process by which large logs of wood are cut into small pieces which gives out lots of dust. • The chips of wood are made into white pulp with the help of chemicals like caustic soda, salt etc. • The wooden pulp are flattened, rolled and dried to make fine thin paper and being cut in required sizes and also rolls as per the consumers’ demands. SESSION 1. PRODUCTION IN A FACTORY - A PAPER MILL 147

SESSION 2 PRODUCTION IN A FACTORY: A PAPER MILL – OWNERSHIP AND LIFE IN PAPER MILLS 2.1 Mind Map 2.2 Terminology 1. Allowance : An amount or sum allowed to person, regularly for stated purpose. 2. Bonus : An unsought or unexpected extra benefit. 3. Accountant : One who keeps accounts. SESSION 2. OWNERSHIP AND LIFE IN PAPER MILLS 148