202110227-TRIUMPH-STUDENT-WORKBOOK-SOCIAL_STUDIES-G07-PART1

15. ESTABLISHMENT OF THE BRITISH EMPIRE IN INDIA SESSION 1 ESTABLISHMENT OF THE BRITISH EMPIRE IN INDIA – COMING OF EUROPEANS TO INDIAN SUB-CONTINENT 1.1 Terminology i. Royal charter : An official document granting some right issued by the king or Queen. ii. Subedar : The ruler of a region under Mughals . iii. Sole right : complete right, iv. Demand : Firm and official request v. Forts : Protecting Constructions, stone compounds to protect the royal palaces and other valuable wealth. vi. Colonies : Temporary settlement of the people who occupy the area with a specific purpose. vii. Drill : Instruction or military training viii. Parade : A public procession, especially one celebrating a special day or event 1.2 Improve Your Learning Conceptual Understanding Q1. Why did the European trading companies maintain armies in India? What role did these armies play in the business of the companies? [Refer to TB page 146 Q1] A. 1) The European trading companies were engaged in regular fights. 2) In order to assist the company, they maintained armies. 3) They later helped the company in establishing their authority over the Indian kings. 4) These armies acquired lands, built their own forts to wage battles against each other. 5) When the local kings fought among themselves these companies sided with either party and used the armies to amass profits, and eventually colonise. Q2. How could the European armies defeat the Indian armies in the 1700’s and 1800’s? [Refer to TB page 146 Q2] A. The European armies were well trained in warfare as well as deceit. They exploited the differences between the Indian kingdoms to their great advantage. And over a period of time, became very powerful. The British East India Company, especially, became the dominant force in the 1800s. It commanded a huge army and had ample resources from its colonial exploits to fund wars for the next century. Q3. Express your dissatisfaction towards the rule of Britishers. [Refer to TB page 146 Q11] A. The people were dissatisfied with the British rule due to following reasons: SESSION 1. COMING OF EUROPEANS TO INDIAN SUB-CONTINENT 249

CHAPTER 15-ESTABLISHMENT OF THE BRITISH EMPIRE IN INDIA i) Passing of “Arms act” in 1878 disallowing Indians from possessing arms. ii) The British destroyed many independent empires and brought them under their control Ex. Hyderabad, Sikkim. iii) The East India company, spread use of opium. iv) British propaganda showed Indians as low intelligent begins who need reformation. v) They destroyed many Temples. vi) They forcibly converted many Hindus. vii) They levied heavy taxes on Indians. viii) They mercilessly tortured and killed thousands of people. Mapping Skills Q1. Locate the sea route of Vasco–da–Gama from Portugal to India in the map. [Refer to TB page 146 Q9] A. SESSION 1. COMING OF EUROPEANS TO INDIAN SUB-CONTINENT 250

CHAPTER 15-ESTABLISHMENT OF THE BRITISH EMPIRE IN INDIA 1.3 Key Concepts i. Aurangzeb was the last of the powerful Mughal rulers. ii. By the second half of the 18th century, the British were well established in India. iii. The East India Company was allowed to come to India in 1600 A.D. by the British ruler, Queen Elizabeth— I. iv. They had discovered a new sea–route to India, around the Cape–of–Good hope v. Portuguese explorer Vasco–da–Gama was the one who found the new way to Calicut in1498. vi. They were followed by French and Dutch traders. vii. They all came to trade items like pepper, clove, cardamom, cinnamon, cloth etc. viii. They later formed their own companies — like the English East India Company, the French East India Company etc. ix. Slowly they began to take over the regional kingdoms x. They fought wars and amassed a lot of wealth xi. The Europeans had, meanwhile, established their colonies in various countries, such as North & South America, Africa and Asia. xii. In India, the British took advantage of the weakening Mughal Empire after Aurangzeb and eventually established themselves as the dominant power. SESSION 1. COMING OF EUROPEANS TO INDIAN SUB-CONTINENT 251

SESSION 2 ESTABLISHMENT OF THE BRITISH EMPIRE IN INDIA – GROWING EUROPEAN INFLUENCE AND ESTABLISHMENT OF ENGLISH EAST INDIA COMPANY 2.1 Terminology i. Impudence : Disrespect. ii. Jagir : The revenue assignment under Mughals. 2.2 Improve Your Learning Conceptual Understanding Q1. What are some of the similarities and differences between the way the Mughals came to power in India and the way the English came to power in India? [Refer to TB page 146 Q8] A. Similarities: 1) Both the British and Mughals were foreigners. ‘ 2) Mughals defeated the Delhi Sultanate and the British defeated the Mughals. Differences :– 1) Mughals came to power with a sudden attack but British came to power through a slow process of trading, getting Diwani right and later occupying the regions. 2) Mughals did not create conflicts among the native rulers but the English did.They initiated conflicts among the local rulers. 3) British collected maintenance from the native rulers for maintaining the standing armies but Mughals did not do the same. 4) Mughals did not face any organized revolt against them. But the British had to face revolts. Appreciation and Sensitivity Q1. Write a short note on the need of unity to avert foreign invasion. [Refer to TB page 146 Q10] SESSION 2. GROWING EUROPEAN INFLUENCE AND ESTABLISHMENT OF ENGLISH EAST ... 252

CHAPTER 15-ESTABLISHMENT OF THE BRITISH EMPIRE IN INDIA A. 1) The Indian rulers and the people should unite in order to prevent foreign invasion. 2) On many occasions when foreign rulers saw two Indian rulers fighting among themselves, they would take sides and get involved in the fight. 3) They would lend their army to one side to help them defeat their rivals. But in return, the companies would demand and extract many trade concessions from the rulers. 4) The rulers also ‘gifted’ the companies large amounts of money in return for their military help. This money helped the companies increase their trade even more. 5) To prevent this kind of exploitation there was every need to stand for unity among the Indian rulers. 2.3 Key Concepts i. The company began to misuse the power. They began to expand their influence over other European colonies as well. ii. The British had taken complete control over the kingdoms. They enhanced taxes and these troubled the people. iii. Indians were appointed in mean services, known as ‘Sipahis’ in military. iv. Sirajuddaula was the Nawab of Bengal. v. Coastal district were called circar districts. SESSION 2. GROWING EUROPEAN INFLUENCE AND ESTABLISHMENT OF ENGLISH EAST ... 253

SESSION 3 ESTABLISHMENT OF THE BRITISH EMPIRE IN INDIA – THE REVOLT OF 1857 3.1 Mind Map SESSION 3. THE REVOLT OF 1857 254

CHAPTER 15-ESTABLISHMENT OF THE BRITISH EMPIRE IN INDIA 3.2 Terminology i. Cantonment : The living area of a standing army. ii. Maulvies : Religious heads and scholars of Islam 3.3 Improve Your Learning Conceptual Understanding Q1. What did the people who revolted in 1857 want to achieve? [Refer to TB page 146 Q6] A. i. They hoped that the English would be driven away. ii. Mughal rule and the earlier political order would be restored. iii. Equal treatment of Indian Sipahis iv. Right to adopt a child by the kings who had no children. v. Pension to the families of Peshwas. vi. Honouring the religious sentiments of both Hindu and Muslim soldiers and the religious heads. vii. Allowing Indian rulers to rule their own kingdom. viii. No interference of British in the internal affairs of India. Q2. In 1857, which soldiers felt their religious faith was being violated, and why? [Refer to TB page 146 Q4] A. 1) Both Hindu and Muslim soldiers were in the British Army. 2) A new bullet was introduced. It was packed in a paper. It was smeared with fat. 3) It was believed that this fat was of cow and pig. 4) Cow is a sacred animal for Hindus. Pig was not liked by Muslims. 5) Thus their religious feelings were hurt. Q3. In Queen Victoria’s declaration of 1858, what complaints of the rebels did she try to address? [Refer to TB page 146 Q7] A. i. The authority of British East India Company was brought to an end. ii. India was brought under the direct rule of the British Crown. iii. Annexation of Kingdoms was stopped. iv. In her declaration, Queen victoria tried to satisfy most of the groups of the Indian people. She said that Indian kings would rule their own kingdoms and English would not try to dethrone them. v. The Zamindars were assured that their properties would be protected. vi. The Pandits and Maulvis were assured that the British government would not interfere in matters of Indian religions and let the old tradition continue. Q4. In what ways did people revolt against the British in 1857? [Refer to TB page 146 Q5] SESSION 3. THE REVOLT OF 1857 255

CHAPTER 15-ESTABLISHMENT OF THE BRITISH EMPIRE IN INDIA A. i. The Sipahis took up arms and weapons. ii. The peasants and landlords also took up arms. iii. They stopped paying taxes. iv. They destroyed railway lines, burnt police stations, courts, post and telegraph office. The rebels looted the houses and burnt the documents of money lenders. Information Skills Q1. Collect the information of 1857 revolt and fill in the table with the particulars. [Refer to TB page 146 Q3] S.No People participated in the revolt People stayed away from the 1. revolt The Royal families, farmers, land owners, tribal people, craftsmen, Indian soldiers in British, many rulers of the Indian army etc. States, big Zamindars, money lenders A. 1) Those kings who were well supported by the British did not participate in the Revolt.. 2) The basic reason for many of them was improper taxation, ruthless treatment and asking for more and more from the produce, leaving them hungry and dissatisfied. 3.4 Key Concepts i. All sections of the society were dissatisfied in one way or the other. ii. The soldiers were seething with anger for they felt that their faith had been outraged iii. This revolt spread like fire throughout the nation. In villages the Zamindars led the movement. iv. The initial movement was suppressed. Bahadurshah was sent to Myanmar. v. The revolt was suppressed with an iron hand. In History, this became famous as the ‘The Sepoy Mutiny’ or as ‘The First War of Independence’. vi. In 1858, Queen Victoria made a declaration and with that, the company rule came to an end. Annexation of Indian territories also was stopped. SESSION 3. THE REVOLT OF 1857 256

CHAPTER 15-ESTABLISHMENT OF THE BRITISH EMPIRE IN INDIA —— CCE Based Practice Questions —— AS1-Conceptual Understanding Very Short Answer Type Questions 1. Match the following. Column A Column B i. Vasco da Gama a. Nizam of Deccan ii. Sirajuddaula b. Portuguese explorer iii. Muzaffar Jung c. Maratha Peshwa iv. Tipu Sultan d. Nawab of Bengal v. Nana Sahib e. Ruler of Mysore 2. Match the following. Column A Column B i. 1498 a. Death of Aurangzeb ii. 1757 b. Sea route to India was discovered iii. 1858 c. Nawab of Arcot fought against the French Army iv. 1707 d. Queen Victoria made a Declaration v. 1764 e. Battle of Plassey 3. Answer the following questions in one sentence. (i) What do you mean by Mercantilism? CHAPTER 15. ESTABLISHMENT OF THE BRITISH EMPIRE IN INDIA 257

CHAPTER 15-ESTABLISHMENT OF THE BRITISH EMPIRE IN INDIA (ii) What was the slogan given by Indian Sipahis? (iii) Who discovered the sea route to India? (iv) What were the results of 1857 revolt? (v) In 1857 which soldiers feared that English would destroy their religions and convert them to Christianity? (vi) Who revolted against the English? (vii) What was the declaration of Queen Victoria of England? CHAPTER 15. ESTABLISHMENT OF THE BRITISH EMPIRE IN INDIA 258

CHAPTER 15-ESTABLISHMENT OF THE BRITISH EMPIRE IN INDIA (viii) Who started the revolt of 1857? (ix) Which areas were called as ‘Northern Sarkars’? (x) In which year was Dar–ul–Ulm at Chadarghat established? 4. Fill in the blanks. (xi) Sirajuddaula was the Nawab of . (xii) was the last powerful Mughal ruler. (xiii) Bahadur Shah Zafar died in . (xiv) ICS stands for . (xv) The fine quality of produced in India had a big market in Europe. (xvi) deported Emperor Bahadur Shah Zafar to a far away location in . (xvii) It took the English more than a year to suppress the revolt of . (xviii) There were a mere English officers and soldiers in India. (xix) Barakpur is near . (xx) was a revolutionary who fought against the British in Hyderabad. Short Answer Type Questions CHAPTER 15. ESTABLISHMENT OF THE BRITISH EMPIRE IN INDIA 259

CHAPTER 15-ESTABLISHMENT OF THE BRITISH EMPIRE IN INDIA 5. Answer the following questions in 3-4 sentences. (i) What efforts did the British government make to satisfy people after the Revolt of 1857? (ii) Why did the East India Company come to India? Long Answer Type Questions 6. Answer the following questions in 6-8 sentences. (i) How could French army manage to defeat the large army of Nawab Anwaruddin Khan? CHAPTER 15. ESTABLISHMENT OF THE BRITISH EMPIRE IN INDIA 260

CHAPTER 15-ESTABLISHMENT OF THE BRITISH EMPIRE IN INDIA (ii) What were the causes for the revolt of 1857? Name the prominent leaders who participated in it. (iii) What were the reforms brought by Salar Jung in Hyderabad? CHAPTER 15. ESTABLISHMENT OF THE BRITISH EMPIRE IN INDIA 261

CHAPTER 15-ESTABLISHMENT OF THE BRITISH EMPIRE IN INDIA AS2-Reading the Text, Understanding and Interpretation Long Answer Type Questions 7. Answer the following questions in 6-8 sentences. (i) Despite the widespread success of the revolt of 1857, the English slowly gained control over the situa- tion. Comment on it. AS3-Information Skills Short Answer Type Questions 8. Answer the following questions in 3-4 sentences. (i) Read the text and answer the following questions: Dupleix, a governor of the French East India Company, helped Muzaffar Jang to become the Nizam of Deccan. In return, Muzzaffar Jang gave the French some territories near Pondicherry and the town of Machilipatnam. He also gave Rs. 50,000 to the company, Rs. 50,000 to the French troops, and Rs. 20,00,000 and Jagir worth Rs. 1,00,000 per year to Dupleix. i. Who was the governor of French East India Company? ii. Who helped Muzaffar Jang to become the Nizam of Deccan? iii. Name the territory that had been given by Muzaffar Jang. iv. How much money he had given to the French troops? CHAPTER 15. ESTABLISHMENT OF THE BRITISH EMPIRE IN INDIA 262

CHAPTER 15-ESTABLISHMENT OF THE BRITISH EMPIRE IN INDIA AS5-Mapping Skills Long Answer Type Questions 9. Answer the following questions in 6-8 sentences. (i) Study the map and answer the following questions: i. At present Lahore is in which country? 263 ii. Name a coastal city which was under British rule? iii. What is the capital of Nepal? CHAPTER 15. ESTABLISHMENT OF THE BRITISH EMPIRE IN INDIA

CHAPTER 15-ESTABLISHMENT OF THE BRITISH EMPIRE IN INDIA iv. How was Hyderabad different from other states? v. What is the present name of Ceylon? (ii) Locate the following on a given map of India: i) Delhi ii) Lucknow iii) Banaras iv) Mysore v) Hyderabad CHAPTER 15. ESTABLISHMENT OF THE BRITISH EMPIRE IN INDIA 264

CHAPTER 15-ESTABLISHMENT OF THE BRITISH EMPIRE IN INDIA (iii) Locate the following on a given map of India: i) Kolkata ii) Chennai iii) Bombay iv) Goa v) Pune (iv) Study the map and answer the following questions: 265 CHAPTER 15. ESTABLISHMENT OF THE BRITISH EMPIRE IN INDIA

CHAPTER 15-ESTABLISHMENT OF THE BRITISH EMPIRE IN INDIA i. Name any three places under British rule in 1770 AD. ii. Name any two places where Indian Kings still ruled in 1770. iii. Name the areas that were not under the British rule in 1770 AD. iv. If we compare the map along with a present day political map of India what difference do you observe? CHAPTER 15. ESTABLISHMENT OF THE BRITISH EMPIRE IN INDIA 266

CHAPTER 15-ESTABLISHMENT OF THE BRITISH EMPIRE IN INDIA Objective Questions AS1-Conceptual Understanding 10. Choose the correct answer. (i) Vasco da Game discovered the sea route to India in the year (A) 1498 (B) 1570 (C) 1947 (D) 1857 (ii) The English defeated Sirajuddaula in (B) 1947 CE (A) 1857 CE (C) 1757 CE (D) 1657 CE (iii) In 1764 CE, Nawab Anwaruddin Khan of Arcot sent his army to fight against the (A) French company (B) East India Company (C) Dutch (D) Spanish company (iv) Who helped Muzaffar Jung to become the Nizam of Deccan? (A) Sirajuddaula (B) Dupleix (C) Tantia Tope (D) Shah Jahan (v) The 1857 revolt was started by Indian (B) Doctors (A) Sipahis or soldiers (C) Nawabs (D) Emperors (vi) Vasco da Gama belonged to (B) England (A) Holland (C) Portugal (D) France (vii) Where did Bahadur Shah Zafar die? (B) Rangoon (A) Hyderabad (C) Delhi (D) Agra (viii) Who discovered the sea route to India? CHAPTER 15. ESTABLISHMENT OF THE BRITISH EMPIRE IN INDIA 267

(A) Vasco da Gama CHAPTER 15-ESTABLISHMENT OF THE BRITISH EMPIRE IN INDIA (B) Robert Clive (C) Queen Victoria (D) Columbus (ix) Who fought against the British in Hyderabad during the Revolt of 1857? (A) Muzaffar Jung (B) Turrebaz Khan (C) Nana Sahib (D) Bahadur Shah Zafar (x) The Portuguese established their base in (B) Bengal (A) Delhi (C) Goa (D) Hyderabad CHAPTER 15. ESTABLISHMENT OF THE BRITISH EMPIRE IN INDIA 268

(vii) (viii) Collect images of some famous monuments built by Mughals, label them with their names and paste them in your scrapbook. (ix) Write a script of a small play with a message that slave trade is illegal, a punishable offence and against humanity. (x) Make a poster on the revolt of 1857 with a slogan. 269