202110227-TRIUMPH-STUDENT-WORKBOOK-SOCIAL_STUDIES-G07-PART1

CHAPTER 9-PRODUCTION IN A FACTORY: A PAPER MILL 2.3 Improve Your Learning Conceptual Understanding Q1. List the benefits and income received by a regular employee of the paper mill. Contrast them with that of a temporary employee and a casual worker. [Refer to TB page 94 Q7] A. i. PF (Provident Fund) ii. Life insurance iii. Medical insurance iv. Increments v. D.A.( Dearness Allowance––The allowance which is given for rise in the prices of commodities in market ). Reflection on Contemporary Issues and Questioning Q1. Do you think this paper mill will stop working one day? If it does, what will be the impact on the laborers’ lives? [Refer to TB page 94 Q3] A. All the workers will lose their job. i. Permanent workers are entitled to get some benefits, under these circumstances. ii. The temporary workers won’t get any such benefits. But the contractor, who got them the job there, could find some other jobs for them. iii. Casual laborers will be affected. They won’t get any help. Q2. What are your suggestions to stop the pollution caused by industries? [Refer to TB page 94 Q5] A. i) Encourage your employees to use public transport. ii) Pollution can be reduced by conserving energy by turning off lights, computers, Air conditioners. iii) Buy zero emission electric vehicles. iv) Replace lights in your factory to energy efficient bulbs. v) Choose materials which are made from recycled materials. vi) Encourage activities like planting trees. vii) Boosting performance of boilers can sharply reduce air pollution from industries. viii) Switching from coal, oil to natural gas reduced operating costs and extend plants life by eliminating corrosion from fuels. SESSION 2. OWNERSHIP AND LIFE IN PAPER MILLS 149

CHAPTER 9-PRODUCTION IN A FACTORY: A PAPER MILL 2.4 Key Concepts i. Production is done in batches, as the inputs used are same and the outputs will have the same quality. ii. The paper mill works 24 hours a day. So, the work is done in shifts –usually 3 in number with 8 hours each. iii. The paper thus produced is sold in different parts in and out of the country. iv. There are two kinds of workers –––1. Permanent workers: Workers who work all throughout the year. and 2. Casual workers: They are employed, based on the need of the employer. v. Paper mills give employment to large number of people. But only permanent workers are little bit better in condition compared to temporary or casual workers. vi. Casual workers are being given work only if the employers require extra hands. vii. The mills cause severe environmental pollution and health hazards. viii. Andhra Pradesh exports paper to Sri Lanka, Nepal, Bangladesh, Malaysia, Singapore, Nigeria and South Africa. ix. In our state and country, there are a large number of Paper mills and factories which produce diverse articles which are very useful. They produce them in a short time but in large volumes. SESSION 2. OWNERSHIP AND LIFE IN PAPER MILLS 150

CHAPTER 9-PRODUCTION IN A FACTORY: A PAPER MILL —— CCE Based Practice Questions —— AS1-Conceptual Understanding Very Short Answer Type Questions 1. Match the following. Column A Column B i. Bhadrachalam a. Welfare scheme ii. Chipping b. General shift iii. Employed on and off c. Bhadradri district iv. Administrative staff d. Wood cut into pieces v. Provident fund e. Casual worker 2. Match the following. Column A Column B i. A shift a. 9:30 AM – 5:00 PM ii. B shift b. Batch number iii. C shift c. 2:00 PM –10:00 PM iv. General shift d. 10:00 PM – 6:00 AM v. Paper rolls e. 6:00 AM – 2:00 PM 3. Answer the following questions in one sentence. (i) Name the paper mills in Telangana? CHAPTER 9. PRODUCTION IN A FACTORY: A PAPER MILL 151

CHAPTER 9-PRODUCTION IN A FACTORY: A PAPER MILL (ii) Which raw material is supplied by the contractors to the paper mill? (iii) Name the chemicals used in making of the paper. (iv) Which is the most widely used raw material in paper mill? (v) Which tree is the alternative for bamboo trees? (vi) Name the worker who is employed on and off by Paper mills? (vii) How many stages are there in making a paper? (viii) What are the problems which a Paper mill worker faces? CHAPTER 9. PRODUCTION IN A FACTORY: A PAPER MILL 152

CHAPTER 9-PRODUCTION IN A FACTORY: A PAPER MILL (ix) What is the timing for general shift? (x) What are the challenges faced by paper mill owners ? 4. Fill in the blanks. (xi) Material required to produce a commodity is called . (xii) Usually factory owners try to reduce their costs by employing workers. (xiii) Handicraft production is done at . . (xiv) The paper mills have marketing in different cities. (xv) is most widely used in paper mills. (xvi) The new machine requires workers. (xvii) paper is also used in paper mills. (xviii) Bhadrachalam paper mill is in district. (xix) Basic raw material for paper is available in the . (xx) ESI stands for AS2-Reading the Text, Understanding and Interpretation Long Answer Type Questions CHAPTER 9. PRODUCTION IN A FACTORY: A PAPER MILL 153

CHAPTER 9-PRODUCTION IN A FACTORY: A PAPER MILL 5. Answer the following questions in 6-8 sentences. (i) Government is encouraging people to grow subabul trees on farmland for paper mills. Comment on it. AS3-Information Skills Long Answer Type Questions 6. Answer the following questions in 6-8 sentences. (i) Read the given information and answer the following questions:– This paper mill runs 24 hours a day. The workers work in three shifts of eight hours each. They are ‘A’, ‘B’, ‘C’ shifts. In each shift about 800–900 workers are at work. A shift: 6 AM to 2 PM B shift: 2 PM to 10 PM C shift: 10 PM to 6 AM (Night shift) Night shift workers get a special allowance. Workers change their shift cyclically. i. How many hours the paper mills run in a day? ii. Into how many shifts the workers work in paper mills? iii.Which one is the night shift? iv.Why do the night shift workers get a special allowance? CHAPTER 9. PRODUCTION IN A FACTORY: A PAPER MILL 154

CHAPTER 9-PRODUCTION IN A FACTORY: A PAPER MILL AS4-Reflection on Contemporary Issues and Questioning Short Answer Type Questions 7. Answer the following questions in 3-4 sentences. (i) What are the problems of the workers who are not permanent? (ii) What is the use of paper in schools? Long Answer Type Questions 155 CHAPTER 9. PRODUCTION IN A FACTORY: A PAPER MILL

CHAPTER 9-PRODUCTION IN A FACTORY: A PAPER MILL 8. Answer the following questions in 6-8 sentences. (i) What are the environmental problems caused by the paper mills? AS5-Mapping Skills Long Answer Type Questions 9. Answer the following questions in 6-8 sentences. (i) Locate the following on a given world map: (i) Sri Lanka (ii) Bangladesh (iii) Nepal (iv) South Africa (v) Nigeria CHAPTER 9. PRODUCTION IN A FACTORY: A PAPER MILL 156

CHAPTER 9-PRODUCTION IN A FACTORY: A PAPER MILL AS6-Appreciation and Sensitivity Short Answer Type Questions 10. Answer the following questions in 3-4 sentences. (i) How is the batch number helpful in paper mills? Long Answer Type Questions 11. Answer the following questions in 6-8 sentences. (i) Describe the challenges before the factory system of production. CHAPTER 9. PRODUCTION IN A FACTORY: A PAPER MILL 157

CHAPTER 9-PRODUCTION IN A FACTORY: A PAPER MILL Objective Questions AS1-Conceptual Understanding 12. Choose the correct answer. (i) The first stage of paper production is (B) Chipping (A) Cutting (C) Making pulp (D) Pressing (ii) Workers who are employed on and off are called (A) Causal workers (B) Permanent workers (C) Contract labourers (D) Construction workers (iii) Paper is actually made in stages. (A) Four (B) Five (C) Three (D) Six (iv) The liquid pulp is spread on the screens over a (B) Cube (A) Cylinder (C) Ball (D) Table (v) Bhadrachalam is in district. (A) Bhadradri (B) Adilabad (C) Warangal (D) Hyderabad (vi) The number of paper mills in Telangana is (B) Four (A) Two (C) Six (D) Eight (vii) Kagaznagar is in (B) Warangal (A) Hyderabad (C) Komrambheem district (D) Karimnagar (viii) papers are recycled in paper mills. CHAPTER 9. PRODUCTION IN A FACTORY: A PAPER MILL 158

(A) News CHAPTER 9-PRODUCTION IN A FACTORY: A PAPER MILL (B) Blank (C) Scrap (D) Hand-made (ix) Paper factories use heavy machinery that runs on (A) Petrol (B) Coal (C) Electricity (D) Solar energy (x) A paper mill requires electricity of about every year. (A) 25 MW (B) 30 MW (C) 100 MW (D) 125 MW CHAPTER 9. PRODUCTION IN A FACTORY: A PAPER MILL 159

10. IMPORTANCE OF TRANSPORT SYSTEM SESSION 1 IMPORTANCE OF TRANSPORT SYSTEM – TRANSPORT SYSTEM IN TELANGANA 1.1 Mind Map SESSION 1. TRANSPORT SYSTEM IN TELANGANA 160

CHAPTER 10-IMPORTANCE OF TRANSPORT SYSTEM 1.2 Terminology i. Busfare : The charges paid by the passengers travelling in the bus travel. ii. Roadways : Roads used by vehicles and pedestrians. iii. Airways : An area of the sky that is regularly used by planes. iv. Waterways : Routes for travel by water vehicles. v. Railways : Routes of tracks made of steel rails along which goods and passenger trains run. vi. National Highways : They run through the length and breadth of the country, connecting state Capitals, major parts and cities. vii. State Highways : Roads connecting every town in state with its Capital viii. Transport : Carry people or goods from one place to another by means of a vehicle, aircraft or ship. ix. Pavement : A raised path for pedestrians at the side of a road. 1.3 Improve Your Learning Conceptual Understanding Q1. How is the transport system essential for producing agricultural goods? Illustrate with an example. [Refer to TB page 100 Q1] A. India is one of the largest producer of sugar in the world. i. Farmers need transportation a lot. ii. They need transportation to bring the seeds, fertilizers, pesticides, etc. that have to be brought to the farm. Transport system is essential for producing agricultural goods. iii. After the harvest, the product (agricultural produce) needs to be brought to the market. For that too, they need transportation. iv. Roads are advantageous to farmers to transport their perishable goods and in turn develop markets for their products. Q2. How is the use of buses different from trains? [Refer to TB page 100 Q2] A. Buses Trains 1. Bus fares are costlier 1. Train fares are cheaper. 2. Better connectivity (connects small towns 2. Connects only important centers. and villages. 3. Can carry heavy and large amount of 3.Small quantity of goods can be carries.. products. 4. Easy access as several buses ply to and 4. Easy but waiting time is more, Less fro number of trains run as compared to bus. Q3. Why do you think waterways are important for a country? [Refer to TB page 100 Q4] SESSION 1. TRANSPORT SYSTEM IN TELANGANA 161

CHAPTER 10-IMPORTANCE OF TRANSPORT SYSTEM A. 1) Water transportation is one of the oldest and cheapest modes of transportations. 2) Sea-ports are ‘international trade centers’. i) Water ways are of two types: a) Inland water ways and b) Oceanic transport Rivers and Canals. In Andhra Pradesh state river Krishna, river Godavari and river Penna are used for the purpose. ii) Goods can be transported with low transport costs on a large scale through water ways. iii) Almost all the goods traded by Indian traders are transported to another countries through waterways. iv) Port cities or towns are thus major trading centers . v )Andhra Pradesh has 15 ports, among which Visakhapatnam is the largest port. Q4. What would happen if there is a rise in transport cost of goods made in the factories? Illustrate with an example. [Refer to TB page 100 Q6] A. i. If there is a rise in the transport cost of goods, made in the factories, there would be increase in the manufacturing cost of the goods. ii. Automatically, the producer will have to raise the price of the goods. iii. For example: When we buy a biscuit packet for Rs. 5/–we do pay for the transportation too. If the transport cost of these biscuits is increased the cost of the biscuit packet shall also get in- creased. Q5. Why is it important to provide transport facilities to villages? [Refer to TB page 100 Q3] A. i) Rural roads provide basic inputs for all round socio–economic development of rural areas. ii) Rural roads are links of networks, which facilitate movements of goods and persons in rural areas. iii) Most of villages sell their products in nearby markets, so they are dependents of rural transport system. iv) They are means of transport, which leads to improved access to market centers for rural products to get inputs or reduces cost. v) Diversification of agriculture, promotes shift in favour of cash crops and commercialization of agricultural activities vi) Diversification of livelihood opportunities. vii) Transportation helps people to get good health services, at low cost and at low distance viii) Improved services of transport enhances access to education, health and financial services. Reflection on Contemporary Issues and Questioning SESSION 1. TRANSPORT SYSTEM IN TELANGANA 162

CHAPTER 10-IMPORTANCE OF TRANSPORT SYSTEM Q1. Congestion and traffic blocks occur due to the use of vehicles in a big way. What measures do you suggest to prevent this? [Refer to TB page 100 Q8] A. i) Take Mass Transit: The best way is to use public transport like bus, rail than using own car, bikes. ii) Try Active Transportation: For less distances people can use cycles, roller blading, walking which reduces congestion. iii) Map out alternative routes: Review maps and requires which route has less traffic and prefer to go in that route. iv) Plan with your timing: The early you start the early you reach. Should plan time when there will be less traffic. v) Don’t surge ahead: Take some space behind the vehicle in front of you, so that you can escape in a easy different route. Mapping Skills Q1. Draw an outline map of Telangana State and locate Hyderabad. [Refer to TB page 100 Q9] A. .________________________________Hyderabad SESSION 1. TRANSPORT SYSTEM IN TELANGANA 163

CHAPTER 10-IMPORTANCE OF TRANSPORT SYSTEM Appreciation and Sensitivity Q1. How does transport system become a means of livelihood? [Refer to TB page 100 Q5] A. i. In the public sector of transportation, a lot of people are required, as drivers and conductors. ii. Auto / taxi drivers, Rickshaw pullers etc. also earn a livelihood out of it. iii. In addition to that, many people, like mechanics, petrol bunk workers and many other people who are related to transport in any which way. iv. A well–developed transport system maintains cultural coherence and also the socio –economic de- velopment of the country. v. It encourages urban centers and speed up the urbanization process. vi. It helps in the development of the agricultural sector through effective distribution of food grains and perishable goods from the producing areas to the markets without any interruption. 1.4 Key Concepts i. We use different vehicles to move from one place to another in our daily life. ii. There are four major modes of transportation — Roadways, Railways, Waterways, Airways. All of these are available in Andhra Pradesh and Telangana. iii. The most commonly used mode of transportation is roadways. iv. These are used to mobilize people and products. v. Transportation provides employment to a large number of people. vi. People choose the mode of transport according to their need, convenience and the distance to be trav- elled. vii. State governments maintains roads connecting small towns and districts. The village roads are main- tained by Zilla parishad, Mandal parishads and Panchayats. viii. There are around 650 railway stations in Telangana state( Big and small) SESSION 1. TRANSPORT SYSTEM IN TELANGANA 164

SESSION 2 IMPORTANCE OF TRANSPORT SYSTEM – POLLUTION AND SAFETY 2.1 Mind Map SESSION 2. POLLUTION AND SAFETY 165

CHAPTER 10-IMPORTANCE OF TRANSPORT SYSTEM 2.2 Terminology 1. Awareness campaigns: A comprehensive effort that includes multiple components (messaging, grassroots outreach, media relations, government affairs, budget, etc.) to help reach a specific goal. 2. Congestion: Crowding of traffic 2.3 Improve Your Learning Appreciation and Sensitivity Q1. Write a few slogans “Prevention of accidents”. [Refer to TB page 100 Q7] A. i) Chance takers are accident makers. ii) Avoid the worst –put safety first. iii) Speed thrills but kills. iv) Better late than never. v) Fast drive could be last drive. SESSION 2. POLLUTION AND SAFETY 166

CHAPTER 10-IMPORTANCE OF TRANSPORT SYSTEM —— CCE Based Practice Questions —— AS1-Conceptual Understanding Very Short Answer Type Questions 1. Match the following. Column A Column B i. Highways a. State government ii. District roads b. International boundary iii. Urban roads c. Central government d. Mandal revenue department iv. Border roads e. Municipal corporations v. Village roads 2. Match the following. Column A Column B i. Most commonly used transport a. Water transport ii. Fastest mode of transport b. 15 ports iii. Cheapest mode of transport c. Road transport iv. Andhra Pradesh d. Air transport v. Shamshabad e. International airport 3. Answer the following questions in one sentence. (i) Which is the largest port in Andhra Pradesh? (ii) Which is the most commonly used vehicle in Telangana? CHAPTER 10. IMPORTANCE OF TRANSPORT SYSTEM 167

CHAPTER 10-IMPORTANCE OF TRANSPORT SYSTEM (iii) Which is the most common means of transport in Telangana? (iv) Expand RTC (v) What is the use of railway gates? (vi) Who constructs roads in India? (vii) Which is the most suitable mode of transport for goods? (viii) Name the four modes of transport (ix) When does the road transport department celebrate Road safety week? CHAPTER 10. IMPORTANCE OF TRANSPORT SYSTEM 168

CHAPTER 10-IMPORTANCE OF TRANSPORT SYSTEM (x) Why do we use various modes of transport? 4. Fill in the blanks. (xi) , roads are built across different states. (xii) We use to go from one place to another. (xiii) are responsible for the village roads. (xiv) Now –a –days roads have become more . (xv) Corporation and municipalities are responsible for roads. (xvi) government maintain the roads connecting small towns and districts. (xvii) Roads laid along the international boundaries are called roads. (xviii) Panchayats roads are made of . (xix) The International Airport is situated in in Telangana. (xx) The state of does not have any coast lines or ports. Short Answer Type Questions 5. Answer the following questions in 3-4 sentences. (i) How many types of roads are there? Who is responsible for their construction and upkeep? CHAPTER 10. IMPORTANCE OF TRANSPORT SYSTEM 169

CHAPTER 10-IMPORTANCE OF TRANSPORT SYSTEM Long Answer Type Questions 6. Answer the following questions in 6-8 sentences. (i) What do you know about the Road Safety Week? AS2-Reading the Text, Understanding and Interpretation Long Answer Type Questions 7. Answer the following questions in 6-8 sentences. (i) Read the text and comment on it. For centuries, ships were important modes of travel to far away countries to take people as well as goods. But today, there are fewer people travelling by ships, whereas goods are mostly transported by them. CHAPTER 10. IMPORTANCE OF TRANSPORT SYSTEM 170

CHAPTER 10-IMPORTANCE OF TRANSPORT SYSTEM AS3-Information Skills Short Answer Type Questions 8. Answer the following questions in 3-4 sentences. (i) Read the text and answer the following questions. Majority of the vehicles running on Telangana roads, that is about, three–fourth of them, are two wheel- ers. The functioning of transport system also requires many support activities – petrol /diesel pump station, repairing shops, shop selling transport vehicles and spare parts. i. Which is the most commonly used vehicle on Telangana roads? ii. Name the different types of transport? iii. What is the other requirement of transport system? iv. What is the percentage of two wheelers in all the vehicles running on Telangana roads? CHAPTER 10. IMPORTANCE OF TRANSPORT SYSTEM 171

CHAPTER 10-IMPORTANCE OF TRANSPORT SYSTEM AS4-Reflection on Contemporary Issues and Questioning Short Answer Type Questions 9. Answer the following questions in 3-4 sentences. (i) What are the problems we are facing due to excess of vehicles on the roads? Long Answer Type Questions 10. Answer the following questions in 6-8 sentences. (i) How are roadways better than railways? (ii) What are the harmful effects of transport? 172 CHAPTER 10. IMPORTANCE OF TRANSPORT SYSTEM

CHAPTER 10-IMPORTANCE OF TRANSPORT SYSTEM AS5-Mapping Skills Long Answer Type Questions 11. Answer the following questions in 6-8 sentences. (i) Locate the following on a given map of India: i. Telangana ii. Andhra Pradesh iii. Shamshabad iv. Vishakhapatnam CHAPTER 10. IMPORTANCE OF TRANSPORT SYSTEM 173

CHAPTER 10-IMPORTANCE OF TRANSPORT SYSTEM (ii) Locate the following on a given map: i) Vishakhapatnam ii) River Godavari iii) River Krishna iv) River Penna v) Pakistan AS6-Appreciation and Sensitivity 174 Short Answer Type Questions CHAPTER 10. IMPORTANCE OF TRANSPORT SYSTEM

CHAPTER 10-IMPORTANCE OF TRANSPORT SYSTEM 12. Answer the following questions in 3-4 sentences. (i) What are the advantages of transport? Objective Questions AS1-Conceptual Understanding 13. Choose the correct answer. (i) Most of the roads are built and maintained by __________. (A) Government (B) Corporate bodies (C) Foreign countries (D) Local clubs (ii) The roads which connect different states in the country are __________. (A) National highways (B) Urban roads (C) Border roads (D) Local roads (iii) ____________ vehicles are mostly driven on the roads of Telangana. (A) Four wheeler (B) Three wheeler (C) Two wheeler (D) Six wheeler (iv) For centuries this has been an important mode of travel for great distances. (A) Airways (B) Railways (C) Waterways (D) Roadways (v) Between 1980 and 2001, the number of people living in six big Indian cities has increased by CHAPTER 10. IMPORTANCE OF TRANSPORT SYSTEM 175

(A) two times CHAPTER 10-IMPORTANCE OF TRANSPORT SYSTEM (B) four times (C) six times (D) ten times (vi) Road travel nowadays has become __________. (A) more funny (B) more risky (C) more daring (D) more challenging (vii) Road Safety Week is during __________. (B) The last week of the year (A) The first week of the year (C) The first week of March (D) The first week of December (viii) The functioning of the transport system requires __________. (A) Petrol/diesel pump stations (B) Repairing shops (C) Roads (D) All of the above (ix) Roads laid along the international boundaries are called __________. (A) Border roads (B) Urban roads (C) Highways (D) Tar roads (x) Panchayats are responsible for the __________. (A) Highways (B) State roads (C) Village roads (D) Border roads CHAPTER 10. IMPORTANCE OF TRANSPORT SYSTEM 176

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