202110225-TRIUMPH-STUDENT-WORKBOOK-SOCIAL_STUDIES-G06-PART1

CHAPTER 9-COMMUNITY DECISION MAKING IN A TRIBE (A) Tribes do not believe in private property. (B) Tribes differentiate between rich and poor tribe members. (C) Tribes do not believe that they descend from a common ancestor. (D) Men and women enjoy equal decision making power in all tribes. (vii) Panch comprises the _________ householders of a Gond village. (A) adult female (B) adult male and female (C) adult male (D) boys and adult (viii) Which of the following is not a function of the Panch? (A) Impose fines on villagers. (B) Impose taxes on villagers. (C) Fix the date for important festivals. (D) Allow marriages. (ix) In return for the services provided by the village Patla, men and women (A) work in his fields for a day. (B) help him to feed guests to the village. (C) abide by his decisions. (D) pay him money. (x) The village Patla has lost his importance as (A) other communities inhabit Gond villages. (B) modern Panchayati Raj elections are popular among villagers. (C) Sarpanches are appointed through direct elections. (D) Gond villagers have started going to the police or courts to settle their disputes. CHAPTER 9. COMMUNITY DECISION MAKING IN A TRIBE 149

10. EMERGENCE OF KINGDOMS AND REPUBLICS SESSION 1 EMERGENCE OF KINGDOMS AND REPUBLICS – GANGES VALLEY 2700 YEARS AGO 1.1 Mind Map 1.2 Terminology 1. Kingdom: A country that is governed by a king or queen 2. Republic: A state in which supreme power is held by the people and their elected representatives, and which has an elected or nominated president rather than a monarch. 3. Janapada: They were the major kingdoms of Vedic India. SESSION 1. GANGES VALLEY 2700 YEARS AGO 150

CHAPTER 10-EMERGENCE OF KINGDOMS AND REPUBLICS 1.3 Improve Your Learning Reading the Text, Understanding and Interpretation Q1. Read the para five in page 87 “In most villages . . . ” and write your comment. [Refer to TB page 92 Q5] A. Student Activity 1.4 Key Concepts i. Ganga and Yamuna rivers flow between the Himalayan mountains and the hills of the Deccan Plateau, and the plain through which they flow is called the Gangetic Valley. ii. The people of different tribes settled down to practice agriculture in convenient parts of the valley. The tribes were called ‘Jana’ and the place where they settled was called Janapada. iii. Large villages and towns developed in these parts called Mahajanapadas or big ‘Janapadas’. iv. We know much about these villages and towns from archeological excavations in different places and also from the books composed during the period i.e. some 2700 years ago. v. Some important archaeological sites from the time of Mahajanapadas — Delhi, Atranjikhera, Patna, Kausambi, Rajgir, Ayodhya etc. vi. Some important books of this period are Upanishads, Dharmasutras, Digha Nikaya etc. vii. The agriculturists in Mahajanapadas were called “Grihapathis.” Images A king riding out of a town fort SESSION 1. GANGES VALLEY 2700 YEARS AGO 151

SESSION 2 EMERGENCE OF KINGDOMS AND REPUBLICS – SOCIAL AND POLITICAL HISTORY OF MAHAJANAPADAS 2.1 Mind Map 2.2 Terminology 1. Mahajanapada: Large groups of villages and towns 2. Dasas: Slaves 2.3 Improve Your Learning Conceptual Understanding Q1. Compare the Ganas with Gond Panch –what similarities and differences do you see between them? [Refer to TB page 92 Q2] SESSION 2. SOCIAL AND POLITICAL HISTORY OF MAHAJANAPADAS 152

CHAPTER 10-EMERGENCE OF KINGDOMS AND REPUBLICS A. Gond Panch Ganas Similarities: 1) Ruled by group of male rulers 1) Panch is a council of adult male householders. 2) No participation of women 2) No participation of women 3) They performed rituals, met and 3) Panch fixes dates of major festivals, decided upon issues of common interest allow marriages, rituals and settle in assemblies through discussion and disputes. debate. Differences: i. Gana is a form of government ruled i. It is a Panch – council of adult male by a group of rulers. householders. ii. It is seen in Vajji Mahajanapada. ii. It is seen in a village. Q2. Can you point out the difference between the way villages are managed today and how they were managed in the time of Mahajanapadas? [Refer to TB page 92 Q3] A. Villages were managed in the time of Mahajanapadas in several ways. 1) The agriculture was managed by landowners called Grihapatis or Gahapatis who worked along with their family on the fields. 2) They also employed ‘Dasas’ or slaves and workers or ‘bhartukas’ or who worked on their fields and homes in return for wages; 3) Usually the largest landowner became the headman of the village. He was the leader of the village and used by the king to collect taxes from other villages. 4) He also acted as a judge and sometimes as a policeman to maintain law and order in the village. The way villages are managed today: 1) Agriculture is managed by the farmers themselves in their land either by themselves or by workers. 2) Today there are no slaves or bonded labour. All workers receive their wages. 3) Today villages are managed by Gram Panchayat which is headed by a Sarpanch. 4) The Sarpanch is elected for 5 years by voters above the age of 18 years and are registered as voters in the Gram Sabha. 5) He presides over the meetings of Gram Panchayat and makes arrangements for the election of Upa–sarpanch. He plans the programmes for the present year and makes a review of the administration of the previous year and proposes new developmental programmes. SESSION 2. SOCIAL AND POLITICAL HISTORY OF MAHAJANAPADAS 153

CHAPTER 10-EMERGENCE OF KINGDOMS AND REPUBLICS Reflection on Contemporary Issues and Questioning Q1. Find out how the crafts persons are taxed by the government today. Was it the same in the times of Mahajanapadas? [Refer to TB page 92 Q4] A. 1) Today the crafts people pay taxes to the Gram Panchayat of the village. 2) In the time of Mahajanapadas as well as today there were craftspersons like blacksmiths who made tools for agriculture, potters who made pots for cooking and storing grains, carpenters who made carts, furniture etc. and weavers who wove cloth for the villagers. They were taxed liberally. Today money is paid to buy craft products. Mapping Skills Q1. Locate the 16 Mahajanapadas on the map of India. [Refer to TB page 92 Q6] A. SESSION 2. SOCIAL AND POLITICAL HISTORY OF MAHAJANAPADAS 154

CHAPTER 10-EMERGENCE OF KINGDOMS AND REPUBLICS 2.4 Key Concepts 1. Agriculture was managed by landowners called Grihapatis or Gahapatis. They employed dasas or slaves and workers or ‘bhartukas’ for wages. 2. The largest landowner becomes the headman of the village. 3. Cities of those times were mainly inhabited by poor people who worked hard for others to earn their living. 4. Most of the Mahajanapadas were ruled by kings. The kings had an army of their own to ensure that people followed their orders and no other king would attack their kingdom. SESSION 2. SOCIAL AND POLITICAL HISTORY OF MAHAJANAPADAS 155

SESSION 3 EMERGENCE OF KINGDOMS AND REPUBLICS – CASE STUDIES: MAGADHA A POWERFUL KINGDOM; VAJJI - A GANA 3.1 Mind Map 3.2 Terminology 156 1. Bhartukas: Workers working in the fields in return for wages 2. Grihapatis: Landowners who managed agriculture SESSION 3. CASE STUDIES: MAGADHA A POWERFUL KINGDOM; VAJJI - A GANA

CHAPTER 10-EMERGENCE OF KINGDOMS AND REPUBLICS 3.3 Improve Your Learning Conceptual Understanding Q1. What do you mean by Gana? How were they different from the kingdoms ruled by the kings? [Refer to TB page 92 Q1] A. 1) Gana means an area ruled by a tribal group. 2) In a Gana, there is no single ruler but a group of rulers. 3) Sometimes even thousands of men ruled together and each of them called themselves a ‘raja’. i.e., Vajji. 4) They performed rituals, met and decided upon issues of common interest in assemblies through discussion and debate. 5) But the kingdoms were ruled by kings hereditarily. 6) These kings had an army of their own to ensure that people followed their orders and no other king would attack their kingdom. 7) These kings had a council of ministers which held different responsibilities. 3.4 Key Concepts i. Magadha kingdom was spread on both sides of the Ganga River. ii. Bimbisara and his son Ajatasatru were early kings of Magadha. During the time of Mahapadma Nanda the kingdom extended from the north–west part of India to Odisha. iii. The Vajji Mahajanapada was to the north of Magadha and it had a Gana form of government. iv. Buddha and Mahavira belonged to Ganas and became famous teachers respected in all the Mahajana- padas. Images Gana assembly scene from Sanchi SESSION 3. CASE STUDIES: MAGADHA A POWERFUL KINGDOM; VAJJI - A GANA 157

CHAPTER 10-EMERGENCE OF KINGDOMS AND REPUBLICS SESSION 3. CASE STUDIES: MAGADHA A POWERFUL KINGDOM; VAJJI - A GANA 158

CHAPTER 10-EMERGENCE OF KINGDOMS AND REPUBLICS —— CCE Based Practice Questions —— AS1-Conceptual Understanding Column B Very Short Answer Type Questions 1. Match the following. Column A i. Painted Grey Ware a. Jana ii. Dasas b. Janapadas iii. Land owner c. Plates iv. Tribes d. Slaves v. Mahajanapadas e. Grihapatis 2. Match the following. Column B Column A a. Tax paid to the king b. Army i. Book c. Obeyed headman’s commands ii. Blacksmith d. Sickles and axe iii. King e. Upanishads iv. People of the tribes v. Bhaga 3. Answer the following questions in one sentence. (i) How are the Ganges plains? CHAPTER 10. EMERGENCE OF KINGDOMS AND REPUBLICS 159

CHAPTER 10-EMERGENCE OF KINGDOMS AND REPUBLICS (ii) What were the materials used to build strong fortresses? (iii) Who were called Jana? (iv) How did the kings collect taxes from the people? (v) What is meant by Janapada? (vi) Why the kings of Mahajanapadas were in need of armies? (vii) What was the other name for Janapada? 160 (viii) How did the herders of cattle pay tax to the king? CHAPTER 10. EMERGENCE OF KINGDOMS AND REPUBLICS

CHAPTER 10-EMERGENCE OF KINGDOMS AND REPUBLICS (ix) Who ruled the Mahajanapadas? (x) Name the powerful Magadha kings. 4. Fill in the blanks. (xi) The Gangetic plain is very . (xii) The largest landowner became the of the village. (xiii) The Ganga and Yamuna rivers bring from the Himalayas and flow throughout the year. (xiv) Potters made pots for and . (xv) The tribes called ‘Jana’ settled in a place called . (xvi) Traders were made to pay on the goods they sold. (xvii) was a powerful kingdom in Mahajanapadas. (xviii) was the son of Bimbisara. CHAPTER 10. EMERGENCE OF KINGDOMS AND REPUBLICS 161

CHAPTER 10-EMERGENCE OF KINGDOMS AND REPUBLICS (xix) The slaves captured in wars and sold to the farmers were called . (xx) emerged as a very powerful kingdom during Mahajanapadas period. Short Answer Type Questions 5. Answer the following questions in 3-4 sentences. (i) What are the sources through which we are able to know about the Mahajanapadas? (ii) Name some of the important archaeological sites of the Mahajanapadas. Long Answer Type Questions 6. Answer the following questions in 6-8 sentences. (i) Make a list of the Mahajanapadas and cities which were situated on the Ganges valley. CHAPTER 10. EMERGENCE OF KINGDOMS AND REPUBLICS 162

CHAPTER 10-EMERGENCE OF KINGDOMS AND REPUBLICS (ii) What are the reasons for the emergence of Magadha as a powerful kingdom? AS4-Reflection on Contemporary Issues and Questioning Long Answer Type Questions 7. Answer the following questions in 6-8 sentences. (i) Point out the differences between the way villages are managed today and how they were managed in the time of Mahajanapadas. (ii) Discuss the history of Mahajanpads and method of tax collection. 163 CHAPTER 10. EMERGENCE OF KINGDOMS AND REPUBLICS

CHAPTER 10-EMERGENCE OF KINGDOMS AND REPUBLICS Objective Questions AS1-Conceptual Understanding 8. Choose the correct answer. (i) The Gangetic plain receives rainfall. (A) low (B) moderate (C) heavy (D) none of the above (ii) The different tribes who settled down to practice agriculture in the Gangetic valley were called . (A) Mana (B) Sana (C) Bana (D) Jana (iii) One of the important books written during this period of Mahajanapadas was (A) Upanishads (B) Koran (C) Bible (D) Ramayana (iv) Agriculture was managed by land owners called (B) Grihapatis (A) Gajapathi (C) Gruhampad (D) Ganas (v) Tools like sickles and plough that are necessary for agriculture were made by (A) Blacksmiths (B) Goldsmiths (C) Carpenters (D) Weavers CHAPTER 10. EMERGENCE OF KINGDOMS AND REPUBLICS 164

CHAPTER 10-EMERGENCE OF KINGDOMS AND REPUBLICS (vi) The areas where Janapada people settled were . (A) River valleys (B) Mountain areas (C) Deserts (D) Coastal areas (vii) Most of the Mahajanapadas were ruled by . (A) Nizams (B) Kings (C) Headman (D) Dasas (viii) met the expenses of entertaining guests and holding festivals. (A) Tribals (B) Bhartukas (C) Gahapatis (D) Gond Patla (ix) Division of crops into six equal parts and giving one part to the king by the Grihapatis was called . (A) Raga (B) Saga (C) Bhaga (D) Mega (x) In the Southern part of Magadha deposits were available which were used for making weapons. (A) Magnesium (B) Iron ore (C) Silver (D) Copper CHAPTER 10. EMERGENCE OF KINGDOMS AND REPUBLICS 165

SESSION 1 11. FIRST EMPIRES 1.1 Mind Map FIRST EMPIRES – MAURYAN EMPIRE: SOURCES 1.2 Terminology 1. Empire: Large kingdoms 2. Arthashastra: Book written by Kautilya 1.3 Improve Your Learning Reading the Text, Understanding and Interpretation Q1. Read the para under the title “Ashoka’s message to his subjects” and comment on it. [Refer to TB page 102 Q8] A. Student Activity Reflection on Contemporary Issues and Questioning Q1. Hereditary ruling was prevalant at the time of King Ashoka. How is present ruling different from that time? [Refer to TB page 102 Q7] SESSION 1. MAURYAN EMPIRE: SOURCES 166

CHAPTER 11-FIRST EMPIRES A. Present ruling is a lot different from the hereditary rule. These days there are no kings. People elect their leaders through elections and once the term of ruling is over, elections take place again and a new leader is elected. This process did not exist in the olden days. Mapping Skills Q1. Locate the following in the world map: [Refer to TB page 102 Q6] A) Syria B) Egypt C) Greece D) Sri Lanka D) India A. Syria Q2. Identify three rivers and two territorial capitals on Indian map. [Refer to TB page 102 Q4] SESSION 1. MAURYAN EMPIRE: SOURCES 167

CHAPTER 11-FIRST EMPIRES SESSION 1. MAURYAN EMPIRE: SOURCES 168

CHAPTER 11-FIRST EMPIRES A. Appreciation and Sensitivity Q1. After the war of Kalinga, King Ashoka decided not to fight any more wars. Do you think these types of decisions promote world peace? How? [Refer to TB page 102 Q5] A. Ashoka decided not to fight anymore wars after the war of Kalinga because of the violence and bloodshed that has happened in the war. He was th only king in the History who gave up conquest after winning the war. These type of decisions promote world peace. If kings like Ashoka gave up war, there are chances of that other kings can get inspired. Also Ashoka built roads, rest houses, dug wells and promoted peace which can lead to peace at a greater level. SESSION 1. MAURYAN EMPIRE: SOURCES 169

CHAPTER 11-FIRST EMPIRES 1.4 Key Concepts 1. The large kingdoms are called Empires and their kings are called Emperors. 2. Chandragupta Maurya was among the earliest emperors of Indian sub-continent. 3. In the beginning the Magadha Kingdom was confined to Magadha and nearby areas. But later it included all the Mahajanapadas of those times. 4. The Mauryans ruled different parts of the empire differently. The area around Pataliputra was under the direct control of the emperor. 5. There are other areas or provinces which were ruled from provincial capitals like Takshashila, Ujjaini or Suvarnagiri. These were ruled by royal princes who were sent as Governors. 6. The areas of Ganga river valley, Krishna river valley, Malwa plateau, the Godavari valley etc. were fertile lands and hence well–populated. SESSION 1. MAURYAN EMPIRE: SOURCES 170

SESSION 2 FIRST EMPIRES – ABOUT ASHOKA 2.1 Mind Map 2.2 Terminology 1. Dhamma: Dharma 2. Yagnas: Puja performed by fire 2.3 Improve Your Learning Appreciation and Sensitivity Q1. Why do you think Ashoka was a unique ruler? [Refer to TB page 102 Q2] A. 1) The most famous Mauryan ruler was Ashoka. He was the first ruler who tried to take his message to the people through inscriptions. SESSION 2. ABOUT ASHOKA 171

CHAPTER 11-FIRST EMPIRES 2) Most of Ashoka’s inscriptions were in Prakrit and were written in the Brahmi script. 3) He was the only king in the world who gave up wars after achieving victory. 4) Ashoka tried to solve the problems of his subjects. 5) He built roads, dug wells and built rest houses. 6) He was the only king who arranged treatment for both human beings and animals. 7) He fought a fierce war against Kalinga, due to which lakhs of people died. 8) He was the only king who believed that winning people through dharma is better than conquering them through force. 9) He appointed special officials called dhamma mahamatras to teach dhamma. 2.4 Key Concepts 1. The most famous Mauryan ruler was Ashoka who tried to take his message to the people through inscrip- tions. 2. Most of Ashoka’s inscriptions were in Prakrit and were written in the Brahmi script. 3. Ashoka fought a war to conquer KaIinga. He was so horrified when he saw the violence and bloodshed, that he decided not to fight wars any more. 4. Ashoka was inspired by the teachings of Buddha. 5. Ashoka appointed officials known as Dhamma mahamatras who went from place to place teaching people about Dhamma. Maps Map of India showing the important cities and sites of Mauryan empire SESSION 2. ABOUT ASHOKA 172

SESSION 3 FIRST EMPIRES – KINGDOMS AND EMPIRES IN THE DECCAN 3.1 Mind Map 3.2 Terminology 1. Monastery: A building in which monks live 2. Sub–continent: A large distinguishable part of a continent, such as North America or the part of Asia containing India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh. SESSION 3. KINGDOMS AND EMPIRES IN THE DECCAN 173

CHAPTER 11-FIRST EMPIRES 3.3 Improve Your Learning Conceptual Understanding Q1. What did the lkshvaka rulers do to get acceptance from the various clan headmen? [Refer to TB page 102 Q1] A. To get acceptance from various clans the kings of lkshvaka tried to bring together the various headmen and small chiefs by intermarrying with their families. Q2. What enabled the establishment of kingdoms in the Deccan 2000 years ago? [Refer to TB page102 Q3] A. 1) Around the time the Mauryans conquered the Deccan, large parts of the region had developed village settlements and small towns in which iron tools were used. 2) However most of the areas must have been under forest with hunter-gatherers and herders living in small settlements. 3) Probably each of these areas was inhabited mainly by a group of people closely related to each other through birth and marriage called clans. 4) Some of the important persons among these clans may have emerged as powerful headmen who led them and settled their internal disputes. 5) They gradually grew wealthy and powerful and ruled the clans. 6) Soon after the Mauryan Empire ended, many headmen of such clans emerged as small kings and ruled Deccan. Q3. Discuss what were the social policies during the Gupta period? [Refer to TB page 102 Q9] A. The Gupta Kings are famous for two major developments in the Indian political system. Firstly, when they conquered a new kingdom they allowed the old king to continue to rule on the condition that they accept the superior status of the Gupta kings and follow their orders. Thus, many old dynasties continued to rule in many areas, especially in south India, despite being defeated. Secondly, some Gupta kings and many of their subordinate kings or kings friendly to them gave villages to Brahmins with full administrative rights. Thus, these villagers did not have to pay any taxes to the king or obey the orders of provincial officers who could not even enter these villages. The Gupta kings were also great patrons of Brahmanic religious practices like Ashwamedha sacrifice. They also patronised Puranic Hinduism, especially Vaishnavism and Shaivism by building temples devoted to the various avataras of Vishnu, Shiva and Durga and making endowments to worship them. The Gupta kings also patronised and gave grants to Buddhist stupas like Sanchi stupa and Jaina monasteries. 3.4 Key Concepts i. Clan is a group of people closely related to each other through birth and marriage. ii. After the Mauryan Empire ended, many headmen of clans emerged as small kings like Satavahanas or Andhras. iii. Satavahanas built a large kingdom which extended from the banks of the Narmada river to the Kr- ishna–Godavari delta. SESSION 3. KINGDOMS AND EMPIRES IN THE DECCAN 174

CHAPTER 11-FIRST EMPIRES iv. After the end of Satavahana kingdom a family called lkshvakas assumed royal titles and established a kingdom with its capital in Vijayapuri. v. Gautamiputra Satakarni, Vashishtiputra Pulumavi and Yajnasri Satakarni were prominent among the Sa- tavahana kings. vi. Chantamula and Virapurushadatha were the important kings of Ikshvaka dynasty. Images 2. Sri portrayed on coins 1. Gautamiputra Satakarni portayed on coins SESSION 3. KINGDOMS AND EMPIRES IN THE DECCAN 175

CHAPTER 11-FIRST EMPIRES —— CCE Based Practice Questions —— AS1-Conceptual Understanding Column B Very Short Answer Type Questions a. Rocks and pillars 1. Match the following. Column A i. Shaka Era ii. Mehrauli iron pillar b. Mauryan King iii. Ashoka c. Taught Dhamma iv. Dhamma Mahamatras d. Shakabda v. Ashoka’s Inscriptions e. Qutub Minar Complex 2. Match the following. Column B a. Nagarjunakonda Column A b. Rome i. Foreign trade c. Stupa ii. Amaravati d. Samudra Gupta iii. Monastery e. Valuable antiquities iv. Excavations v. Famous Gupta King 3. Answer the following questions in one sentence. (i) Who was the son of Chandragupta Maurya? (ii) How did the emperor issue the orders to the officials? 176 CHAPTER 11. FIRST EMPIRES

CHAPTER 11-FIRST EMPIRES (iii) Who was Ashoka’s father? (iv) Which was the area where the gold mines were situated? (v) What was other name of for Kautilya? (vi) Who was the first ruler who took the messages though inscriptions to the people? (vii) Whom did the King appoint to collect the taxes from the people? 177 (viii) Name the script in which Ashoka’s inscriptions were written? CHAPTER 11. FIRST EMPIRES

CHAPTER 11-FIRST EMPIRES (ix) Who were Spies? (x) Whom did Ashoka appoint to teach people about Dhamma? 4. Fill in the blanks. (xi) The Ikshvakas Kings performed expensive yagnas like . (xii) Qutub Minar is in . (xiii) The women of Ikshvakas family were devoted to saints. (xiv) The other name of Chandra Gupta was . (xv) The Kushans originally migrated from . (xvi) Dhanyakataka is on the banks of river near Amaravathi. (xvii) The most famous Kushan King was . (xviii) Megasthenes an ambassador of a Greek King in the court of Chandragupta wrote a book called . (xix) The Shaka era is behind the Common Era. (xx) Kautilya wrote a very important book called . CHAPTER 11. FIRST EMPIRES 178

CHAPTER 11-FIRST EMPIRES Short Answer Type Questions 5. Answer the following questions in 3-4 sentences. (i) What are the sources through which we know about the Mauryan Empire? Long Answer Type Questions 6. Answer the following questions in 6-8 sentences. (i) What was the necessity for the Mauryan rulers to employ spies within the empire? (ii) Discuss the greatness of the Satavahana Kings and how did they encourage trade relations with the other countries? CHAPTER 11. FIRST EMPIRES 179

CHAPTER 11-FIRST EMPIRES AS2-Reading the Text, Understanding and Interpretation Short Answer Type Questions 7. Answer the following questions in 3-4 sentences. (i) Do you think that excavations help in knowing the economic conditions of the Satavahana Dynasty? Long Answer Type Questions 8. Answer the following questions in 6-8 sentences. (i) In ancient period Monarchy was hereditary. In what ways is it different from the present type of govern- ment? CHAPTER 11. FIRST EMPIRES 180

CHAPTER 11-FIRST EMPIRES AS5-Mapping Skills Very Short Answer Type Questions 9. Answer the following questions in one sentence. (i) Locate the following on the given map of India. i) Takshashila ii) Pataliputra iii) Ujjayini iv) Tosali v) Kalinga vi) Suvarnagiri CHAPTER 11. FIRST EMPIRES 181

CHAPTER 11-FIRST EMPIRES AS6-Appreciation and Sensitivity Short Answer Type Questions 10. Answer the following questions in 3-4 sentences. (i) Why do you think that Ashoka occupied a unique place in the history of India? Long Answer Type Questions 11. Answer the following questions in 6-8 sentences. (i) How did the Kalinga war bring about great change in the mind of Ashoka towards warfare? Do you think his change of attitude helped to maintain peace? CHAPTER 11. FIRST EMPIRES 182

Objective Questions CHAPTER 11-FIRST EMPIRES AS1-Conceptual Understanding . 12. Choose the correct answer. (B) Chandra Gupta Maurya (D) Kanishka (i) The Mauryan dynasty was established by (A) Ashoka (C) Bindusara (ii) Ashoka conquered Kalinga after years of becoming the King. (A) Two (B) Three (C) Five (D) Eight (iii) The minister of Chandra Gupta Maurya was . (A) Chanakya (B) Tansen (C) Megasthenes (D) Tenali (iv) The word Dhamma is from the language. (A) Telugu (B) Hindi (C) Prakrit (D) Tamil (v) The most famous Mauryan ruler was . (A) Bindusara (B) Harsha (C) Ashoka (D) Samudragupta (vi) The most important Satavahana kings made their capital. (A) Pataliputra (B) Mathura (C) Delhi (D) Dhanyakataka CHAPTER 11. FIRST EMPIRES 183

CHAPTER 11-FIRST EMPIRES (vii) The ancient name of Coastal Odisha was . (A) Kalinga (B) Linga (C) Pataliputra (D) Ujjain (viii) The founder of the Satavahana dynasty was . (A) Simuka (B) Satakarni (C) Pullewari (D) Yagnari (ix) Ashoka believed that winning people through is much better than conquering through force. (A) Drama (B) Dhamma (C) War (D) Messengers (x) The Ikshvakas had their capital in . (A) Vishapuri (C) Vijayapuri (B) Sainikpuri (D) Snehapuri (xi) The book “Arthasastra' was written by (B) Kautilya (A) Chandragupta (D) Akbar (C) Ashoka (xii) Which of the following statements about the Satavahana kings is not true? (A) The first Satavahana capital was Kotilingala. (B) They encouraged trade with places such as Bengal and Rome. (C) Gautamiputra Satakarni was an important Satavahana king. (D) They only donated tax free land to Brahmins. (xiii) Large kingdoms are called (B) District (A) Mahajanapadas (C) Empires (D) None of the above CHAPTER 11. FIRST EMPIRES 184

CHAPTER 11-FIRST EMPIRES (xiv) Which of the following cities was not part of the inner state of the Gupta Empire? (A) Madurai (B) Patliputra (C) Prayaga (D) Ujjain (xv) Officials appointed by Ashoka to spread his teaching were called (A) Dhamma mahamatras (B) Karma mahamatras (C) Mantris (D) Mahatamas CHAPTER 11. FIRST EMPIRES 185

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