MPL_G3_English_WB AK_All Terms

Module 1 Section Name What I Will Learn Dictation Word dictation Vocabulary Animals and their young ones Grammar Nouns Formal Writing Answer questions based on a picture Creative Writing Describe a picture *Note to teacher: Please do not dictate the sample answers provided for the Writing sections to the learners. They are meant to help learners generate ideas. Dictation Exercise 1: Word dictation 1) amazing 2) pulley 3) helmet 4) husk 5) grate 6) whirled 9) ingredients 7) mound 8) fluffy Module 1 1

PR Vocabulary Q Animals and their young ones Do you know that there are different names for the young ones of different animals and birds? A baby dog is called a puppy. The young one of a goat is called a kid. Here are a few more examples. • tiger – cub • eagle – eaglet • hen – chick • owl – owlet Exercise 2.1: Look at the given pictures of animals and birds. Fill in the missing letters and complete the names of their young ones. 1) d u __c__ k __l__ i n g 2) p i __g__ __l__ e t 3) f a __w__ n 4) g o __s__ l i __n__ g 5) l _a___ m __b__ 6) t __a__ d p __o__ l e 2

Exercise 2.2: Match the animals with their young ones. Column B Column A 1) horse a) calf 2) cat b) kid 3) kangaroo c) foal 4) lion d) kitten 5) cow e) joey 6) goat f) cub Grammar Nouns Read the passage and sort the underlined nouns into the given table. Saif studies at St Jude’s School in Darjeeling. He is the captain of the boys’ swimming team. Saif has a pet mare. Her name is Ego. Module 1 3

Proper noun Common noun Gender Saif boys masculine Ego mare feminine Remember • Common nouns are the common names given to people, places, animals or things in general. They do not begin with a capital letter. Examples: girl, park, cat, ball • Proper nouns are special names given to people, places, animals or things. They always begin with a capital letter. Examples: Swati, India, Bruno, Monday • Masculine gender nouns are names for boys, men and male animals. Examples: boy, grandson, drake, prince, bull, king • Feminine gender nouns are names for girls, women and female animals. Examples: girl, granddaughter, duck, princess, cow, queen Exercise 3.1: Colour the stars that have proper nouns in yellow. Colour the stars that have common nouns in green. One is done for you. 1) May 2) tree 3) Patna 4) biscuit 5) Monica 6) garden Proper nouns: May, Patna, Monica Common nouns: tree, biscuit, garden Neuter gender nouns These are nouns that name non-living things that have no gender. They are used for objects and places. They are also used to name the months of the year and the days of the week. Examples: computer, floor, water, chair, school, car, building, river, Thursday, March 4

Exercise 3.2: Here is a passage on how to make yourself some toast. Read the passage and underline the neuter gender nouns. One is done for you. Use a knife to spread some butter on the slice of bread. Put the slices on a hot pan to toast them. Oh wait! Someone just knocked—who could it be? It's just a child tricking the neighbours. Now, let's get back to our toast. But what toast? The kitchen is filled with smoke, and the toast is now black as coal! Oh dear! Seems like there won't be any toast today! Exercise 3.3: Sort the nouns according to gender. One is done for you. 1) computer 2) nephew 3) hen 4) wife 5) lioness 6) book Masculine gender Feminine gender nephew hen wife lioness Neuter gender computer book Module 1 5

Exercise 3.4: Read the sentences and complete the table. One is done for you. Meghu plays the guitar every Friday. Her aunt helps Meghu with her lessons. Meghu’s seven-year-old brother often comes to watch her practise. Proper nouns Common nouns Gender masculine __________–_________ _______b_r_o_t_h_e_r______ feminine Meghu ________a_u__n_t_______ neuter _______F_r_id_a__y_______ ____g_u_i_ta__r,_l_e_s_s_o_n_s___ Formal Writing Answer questions based on a picture Exercise 4: Answer the questions about the picture given below. 6

1) What are the family members doing? Ans. The family members are cleaning the house. 2) Which room of the house is the family in? Ans. The family is in the kitchen. 3) What is the father doing? Ans. The father is washing dishes. 4) What are the children doing? Ans. The girl is cleaning/wiping the table, and the boy is sweeping the floor. 5) Are the family members happy working together? Give reasons. Ans. Yes, the family members are happy working together because they are all smiling in the picture. (Accept all valid responses.) Module 1 7

Creative Writing Describe a picture Exercise 5: Observe the picture given below. Then, complete the sentences based on it. 1) There are ______________________________tw__o__c_h__ild__re__n__________________________ in the picture. 2) They are a ________________b_o_y___________ and a _________________g_i_rl___________. 3) They look very ____________h_a__p_p__y__________ and _________________e_x_c_it_e_d_______. 4) They are ______________________________p__la_y_i_n_g__b_a__d_m__in_t_o_n_________________ in a ___p_a_r_k_/_g_a__rd__e_n__________________________________________. 5) One of them is wearing ___a__T_-_s_h_ir_t____________________________________________ ____________________________, and the other is wearing ________________________ ___________a__t_o_p__a__n_d__a__sk_i_rt__________________________________________________. 8

Module 2 Section Name What I Will Learn Dictation Sentence dictation Vocabulary Grammar Spellings and jumbled words Formal Writing Punctuation Creative Writing Contractions Note writing Write about a personal experience Dictation Exercise 1: Sentence dictation 1) There is a worm on the leaf. 2) He was a foolish fish. 3) The coat is hanging on the hook. 4) The train will arrive presently. 5) Our teacher told us a story. Module 1 9

PR Vocabulary Q Spellings and jumbled words Exercise 2.1: Underline the correctly spelt word in each of the given word pairs. 1) relativ relative 2) piece peice 3) calendar calender 4) neighbour neybour 5) liberary library 6) whistel whistle Exercise 2.2: Rearrange the jumbled letters to make words related to family. 1) M A L I F Y – _______________f_a_m__i_ly_______________________________ 2) R T E H F A – _______________f_a_t_h_e__r ______________________________ 3) T O H B R E R – _______________b__ro__th_e__r_____________________________ 4) S S T R I E – _______________s_is_t_e_r________________________________ 5) O C U I N S – _______________c__o_u_s_in_______________________________ 6) T E M H O R – _______________m__o__th_e__r_____________________________ 10

Grammar Punctuation Punctuation marks are symbols that are used to make sentences easier to understand. full stop I show the end of a sentence. comma Example: My mother works in a hospital. She loves her work. I am used to separate three or more words in a list. I also tell readers where to pause. Examples: There are boxes, bags, toys and clothes in the storeroom. Sandeep, please come here. I am used at the end of a question. Example: Do you know a song about friendship? question mark Let us learn about a new punctuation mark. exclamation mark I am used to express strong feelings such as joy, anger, pain, excitement, sadness or surprise. Examples: • What a great surprise! (joy or surprise) • What a horrible smell! (surprise or disgust) • Ouch! I hurt my knee. (pain) Module 2 11

Many words always start with a capital letter. We can use the acronym M.I.N.T.S. to help us remember when to use capital letters. Acronym Examples • Our exams are in November. M : months, names of days • Sunday is my favourite day of the week. • I have a new pet. I : the word ‘I’ • It was raining, and I did not have an umbrella. N : special names given to • My pen pal Ranu lives in Sydney, Australia. • I want to go to Srinagar during the holidays. people, states, cities and countries—proper nouns • I am going to see Harry Potter today. • Feluda is my favourite book. T : titles of books and movies S : start of sentences • Diya has a new pet. His name is Tuffy. Exercise 3.1: Rewrite the paragraph given below with the correct punctuation marks and capital letters wherever required. The first part is done for you. once upon a time, there was a dog named kalu? He loved going for walks and chewing his bone Kalu lived with a Boy named Salim. Salim took good care of Kalu Ans. Once upon a time, there was a dog named Kalu. He loved going for walks and chewing his bone. Kalu lived with a boy named Salim. Salim took good care of Kalu. 12

Apostrophe for singular possession The apostrophe (’) is used to show that something belongs to someone (possession). The most common way to show belonging is to add -’s to a singular noun. Rita’s new shoes Fred’s house Ali’s guitar (the new shoes that (the house that (the guitar that belongs to Fred) belongs to Ali) belong to Rita) Exercise 3.2: Rewrite the sentences by correctly using the apostrophe for possession. One is done for you. 1) The new T-shirt of Sahil is nice. Ans. Sahil’s new T-shirt is nice. 2) The watch that belongs to Bilal is old. Ans. Bilal's watch is old. 3) The letters that belong to Rani fell on the floor. Ans. Rani's letters fell on the floor. 4) The bag of Ruma is lost. Ans. Ruma's bag is lost. Module 2 13

5) The house of John is far from here. Ans. John's house is far from here. 6) The fields that belong to the farmer are big. Ans. The farmer's fields are big. Contractions Read the following conversation. Clara: It’s a beautiful day! Come, we’ll go on a picnic. Alia: That’s a good plan, but I don’t have my bicycle. Clara: Oh! I’ve got an idea. You may ride my old bicycle. Alia: Great! You’re very clever, Clara. Notice that, while speaking, we shorten words by joining or combining some of them. The short form of a word is called a contraction. 'Contract' is to become small. Examples: it's = it is we’ll = we will that’s = that is don’t = do not I’ve = I have you’re = you are 14

Role of the apostrophe in contractions Contractions use the apostrophe (’) in place of the missing letters in a word. How is Î How i’s Î How’s Let us look at some more contractions that are formed by replacing letters with the apostrophe. Contractions with ‘is’, 'am' and ‘are’ (The ‘i’ in ‘is’ and the ‘a’ in ‘are’ are replaced by the apostrophe.) (The 'a' in 'am' is replaced by the apostrophe.) I am = I’m she is = she’s he is = he’s you are = you're how is = how’s that is = that’s they are = they’re we are = we’re Contractions with ‘will’ and ‘have’ (The ‘wi’ in ‘will’ and the ‘ha’ in ‘have’ are replaced by the apostrophe.) I will = I’ll she will = she’ll he will = he’ll it will = it’ll you will = you’ll they will = they’ll you have = you’ve we have = we’ve they have = they’ve Contractions with ‘not’ (The ‘o’ in ‘not’ is replaced by the apostrophe—except for ‘will not’.) is not = isn’t are not = aren’t has not = hasn’t have not = haven’t was not = wasn’t will not = won’t were not = weren’t do not = don’t does not = doesn’t did not = didn’t cannot = can’t could not = couldn’t Module 2 15

The apostrophe is not used for possessive pronouns such as mine, ours, theirs, his, hers and yours. Correct usage Incorrect usage Correct usage Incorrect usage 9mine 8mine’s 9his 8his’s 9ours 8our’s 9hers 8her’s 9yours 8your’s 9its 8it’s 9theirs 8their’s – – Exercise 3.3: Match the words with the correct contractions. One is done for you. Column A Column B 1) does not a) why’s 2) we will b) we’ve 3) they are c) doesn’t 4) we have d) won’t 5) why is e) they’re 6) will not f) we’ll 16

Difference between possessives and contractions the paintbrush ¾ You have learnt about using the apostrophe that belongs to to show singular possession of nouns. the student ¾ A possessive noun tells 'who or what owns or has something'. the cover that belongs to the Examples: book • The student’s paintbrush is on the floor. • The book’s cover is colourful. ¾ Contractions are words made by contracted form combining two words and leaving out one of 'we have' or more letters. coofn'htraavcetendotf'orm ¾ An apostrophe takes the place of the removed letters. Examples: • We’ve met the students. • The books haven’t been covered yet. Module 2 17

Exercise 3.4: Identify whether the given sentences have used the apostrophe for possessives or contractions. Write ‘Po’ for possessives and ‘C’ for contractions. Underline the word that has the apostrophe in each case. One is done for you. 1) Raju took Yasmin’s pencil box. – Po 2) We’re sure it will rain today. – C 3) There isn’t any money left. – C 4) The lion’s den is in the jungle. – Po 5) My cousin's house is nearby. – Po 6) Don’t feed the animals. – C Formal Writing Note writing Notes are used to share short messages (in one or two sentences). Read the sample of a note given below to understand its different parts. Salutation/Greeting Dear Parth, Body How you address the Write only the main person depends on how You did well in the test. idea that you want to close you are to them. Keep up the good work! convey. Signature Best wishes, How you sign off also Mrs Asha Tuli depends on how close you are to the person. 18

Exercise 4: Your cousin, Nilima, is participating in an inter-school boxing championship. Fill in the gaps to complete this note to wish her luck. Dear Nilima, It is great to know that you are participating in _th__e_i_n_t_e_r_-s_c_h__o_o_l_b__o_x_in_g____________ _c_h_a_m__p__io_n__sh__ip___________________________________________________. I am sure you _w_i_ll_d__o_v__e_ry__w__e_ll________________________________. All the best! With love, _S_a_r_it_a______________ Creative Writing Write about a personal experience Exercise 5: Write about an incident when you (or your family) helped your neighbours or when your neighbours helped you (or your family). Hints: • Write about what happened, who needed help and why. • How did you or your family help your neighbours or get help? • What did you learn from this incident? Last week, I had exams at school. My parents had gone to visit my grandmother in Shimla because she was ill. Who would take care of me when they went away? I was scared of living without my parents for a week. Module 2 19

Our neighbours, Mr and Mrs Kannan helped us. They told my parents not to worry about me. Mr Kannan dropped me to school and picked me up after the exam each day. Mrs Kannan would help me with my revision every night. They made sure that they cooked my favourite dishes. On the day that my exams got over, they even surprised me by taking me out for ice cream! I was very happy. My parents and I were thankful to Mr and Mrs Kannan. 20

Module 3 Section Name What I Will Learn Dictation Word dictation Vocabulary Grammar Prefixes Formal Writing Singular and plural nouns Creative Writing Countable and uncountable nouns Editing exercise Descriptive writing Dictation Exercise 1: Word dictation 1) buzzing 2) coconut 3) paise 4) grove 5) dislike 6) miser 7) sibling 8) famine 9) loaves Module 1 21

PR Vocabulary Q Prefixes A prefix is a group of letters that we add to the beginning of a word to make a new word with a different meaning. Every prefix has its own meaning. Examples: Word Prefix + word Meaning of prefix Example sentence like dis + like opposite in I dislike people who tell lies. = dislike meaning / negative kind un + kind opposite in The children were unkind to = unkind meaning / negative the kitten. write re + write new meaning We were asked to rewrite our possible = rewrite homework. ability im + possible opposite in It was impossible to lead = impossible meaning / negative compete in the race with a broken leg. in + ability opposite in His inability to speak in = inability meaning / negative French made it difficult for him to travel in France. mis + lead opposite in We should not mislead others = mislead meaning / negative by telling lies. 22

Exercise 2.1: Complete the table by combining the words with the correct prefixes. One is done for you. im- in- un- re- mis- dis- Base word 1) dishonest New words 1) honest 2) _u_n_c_o__v_e_r____________________ 2) cover 3) place 3) m__i_s_p_la__c_e____________________ 4) _im__p_u_r_e______________________ 4) pure 5) i_n_s_u_f_fi_c_ie__n_t__________________ 6) _re_c__y_c_l_e_____________________ 5) sufficient 6) cycle Exercise 2.2: Complete the sentences by using the suitable prefixes with the words in brackets. 1) I need to _________________re__fi_ll_____________________ (fill) my water bottle before we leave for the movie. 2) You can’t leave your work _____________u__n_fi_n_is_h_e__d___________________ (finished). 3) Nobody likes ________________im__p__o_li_te___________________ (polite) behaviour. 4) The lion ______________d_i_sa__p_p_e__a_r_e_d________________ (appeared) into the jungle. 5) Mou was lost because she followed __________________i_n_c_o_r_r_e_c_t_______________ (correct) directions to the house. 6) I _____________m__i_s_u_n_d_e__rs_t_o_o_d_______________ (understood) my friend and fought with her. Module 3 23

Grammar Singular and plural Read the passage given below about a visit to a wildlife park. Underline the plurals used in the passage. Then, write their singular forms in the table given after the passage. We went to the Jim Corbett National Park recently. It has many animals and birds. We drove through the jungle full of trees with thick branches. In the park, there were many buses full of tourists. We spotted many foxes, wild pigs and elephants. We also saw a few rabbits behind some bushes. On our way back, we stopped at a restaurant and ate tasty dishes. We also drank many glasses of orange juice. Plural Singular Plural Singular _____a__n_im__a__ls_______ ______a__n_im__a_l_______ _______b_i_rd__s________ _______b__ir_d________ _____t_r_e_e_s__________ _______t_r_e_e_________ _____b__ra__n_c_h_e__s_____ ______b_ra__n_c_h_______ _____b__u_s_e_s_________ _______b__u_s_________ ______t_o_u__ri_st_s_______ ______t_o_u_r_is_t_______ _____f_o_x_e__s _________ _______f_o_x__________ ________p_ig__s________ ________p_i_g________ _____e__le_p__h_a_n_t_s_____ _____e_le__p_h_a_n__t______ ______ra__b_b__it_s_______ ______r_a_b_b__it_______ _____b__u_s_h_e_s________ ______b__u_s_h_________ ______d__is_h_e_s________ _______d_is_h_________ _____g__la_s_s_e_s________ ______g__la_s_s_________ _________–__________ ________–__________ 24

Remember • Regular plurals are formed by adding -s to the ends of words. Examples: car – cars, pen – pens • To form the plurals of words that end in -x, -o, -s, -ch, -sh or -ss, we add -es to the ends of the words. Examples: box – boxes, potato – potatoes, bus – buses, church – churches, wish – wishes, glass – glasses Exercise 3.1: Fill in the blanks with the plural forms of the nouns given below. One is done for you. Singular Plural 1) brush brushes 2) eraser _____________e_r_a_s_e_r_s____________ 3) potato ____________p_o_t_a_t_o_e__s___________ 4) class _____________c_la__s_se__s____________ 5) lunch ____________l_u_n_c__h_e_s____________ 6) box _____________b__o_x_e_s_____________ Module 3 25

More on plurals Read the following sentences. Tina had a candy. She There is a lady inside the My sister has a diary. bought fifteen more doctor’s office. There are I have many diaries. candies. two ladies in the waiting room. Remember To form the plurals of nouns that end in -y, we remove the -y and add -ies to the ends of the words. Examples: Plural Singular Plural babies enemy enemies Singular cities family families baby countries party parties city country 26

Read the following passage. This is the Patel family. Mr Patel is working in the kitchen along with his two children. His wife, Megha Patel, is doing her office work. The children bought two loaves of bread in the morning to make sandwiches. They carefully cut slices of the bread using knives. Now, Mr Patel is chopping carrots, cucumbers, lettuce leaves and other vegetables. Mr Patel knows where everything is kept on the kitchen shelves. Remember To form the plurals of words that end in -f or -fe, change the -f or -fe to -ve and then add -s. Examples: Plural Singular Plural loaves knife knives Singular leaves shelf shelves loaf wolves thief thieves leaf lives half halves wolf life Note: Some words ending in -f or -fe do not follow this rule. For such words, we simply add -s to form the plurals. Examples: cliff – cliffs, roof – roofs, chief – chiefs Module 3 27

Exercise 3.2: Fill in the blanks with the plural forms of the given nouns. One is done for you. Singular Plural 1) leaf leaves 2) story _____________s_t_o_r_ie_s_____________ 3) life ______________l_iv_e_s______________ 4) half _____________h_a__lv_e__s ____________ 5) butterfly ____________b_u_t_te__rf_li_e_s___________ 6) baby _____________b_a__b_ie__s____________ 28

Countable and uncountable nouns Look at the given pictures of nouns. cereal courage books eggs wind coffee You will notice that some of these nouns can be counted whereas the others cannot be counted. can be counted → books, eggs → countable nouns cannot be counted → cereal, courage, wind, coffee → uncountable nouns Module 3 29

Remember • Any singular or plural noun that can be counted is called a countable noun. • We use ‘a’, ‘an’ or ‘one’ before singular countable nouns. • We use words such as ‘any’, ‘many’, ‘a few’ or numbers greater than one before plural countable nouns. Examples: Please give me three I have many friends. There were a few books. oranges left. Remember • Many nouns, such as names of materials (cotton), food items (milk) and ideas (love, happiness, information), cannot be counted. They are called uncountable nouns. • Uncountable nouns do not have plural forms. We cannot use ‘a’, ‘an’ or numbers before uncountable nouns. • To show the quantity of uncountable nouns, we use words such as ‘some’, ‘any’, ‘a bag of’, ‘a lot of’, ‘much’ or ‘less’. 30

Examples: There is a lot of water Roger does not get much There isn’t any sand in the lake. time to listen to music in my socks. nowadays. Exercise 3.3: Sort the words given below. One is done for you. lemon truth jewellery photograph candle milk Countable nouns Uncountable nouns 1) lemon 2) _tr_u_t_h_________________________________ 3) _p_h_o__to__g_ra__p_h__________________________ 4) _je_w__e_l_le__ry_____________________________ 5) _c_a_n__d_le_______________________________ 6) _m__ilk__________________________________ Module 3 31

Exercise 3.4: Use ‘a’, ‘an’, ‘a little’, 'some' or ‘a few’ and write ‘C’ for countable nouns and ‘U’ for uncountable nouns. One is done for you. a/an/a little/a few C/U (countable noun 1) a little salt or uncountable noun) U 2) _a_n_____________________________ egg _____________C______________ 3) _s_o_m__e__/_a__li_tt_l_e__________________ cheese ______________U_____________ 4) _a__fe__w__________________________ apples _____________C______________ 5) _s_o_m__e__________________________ salad ______________U_____________ 6) _a______________________________ cucumber _____________C______________ Formal Writing Editing exercise Exercise 4: You are an error detective, and here is your mission: Given below is a paragraph with spelling, punctuation and grammatical errors. Spot ten errors and rewrite the paragraph in the space provided. The story of the blue jackal is taken from the Panchatantra! It is the story of jackal that fell into a bucket of blue dye when he was being chased by sum dogs. When he came out of the bucket, he had turned blue and all the animal were scered of him. They treeted him like a king because they thought he would be powerful, 32

But won night, when he heard another jackal howl, he howled back? The animals found out that he was not speciel, but just another jackal. The story of the blue jackal is taken from the Panchatantra. It is the story of a jackal that fell into a bucket of blue dye when he was being chased by some dogs. When he came out of the bucket, he had turned blue and all the animals were scared of him. They treated him like a king because they thought he would be powerful. But one night, when he heard another jackal howl, he howled back. The animals found out that he was not special, but just another jackal. Module 3 33

Creative Writing Descriptive writing If you had to describe a watermelon to somebody without telling them the name of the fruit, how would you do it? Picture the fruit in your mind. What does it look like? What colour is it? How big is it? Does it have seeds? How does it taste? When you use words to describe a person, thing or place in detail, it helps others to see exactly what you are seeing. Read the description of the park shown in the picture. This is a park in a big city. It has many trees and bushes. The bushes are filled with beautiful wild flowers. There is a small pond, near a path in the park. People use this path for their walks and to do exercise, every morning and evening. There are benches in the park, where people can sit when they are tired. Lamp posts stand at the sides of this path to light the way in the evening. It is a peaceful and quiet place. Did the description help you picture the park in your mind? Now, can you describe a place that you have been to? 34

Exercise 5: You have just returned from a school trip with your classmates. Write a short paragraph to describe to your parents the place you visited. Use the given hints to write your descriptive paragraph. Hints: • Which place did you visit? • How did the surroundings look? Were there buildings, mountains or water bodies around? • What were the sounds you heard? • What colours did you see? • What did you notice first about the place? Last week, we went to a nursery for a school trip. A nursery is a place where plants are grown and sold. When we entered the nursery, there were hundreds of plants all around us. Some were in brown pots on the ground, and some were in hanging pots. Some of the plants had colourful flowers. We met Mr Abbas, who owns the nursery. He told us the names of the plants, and also showed us some plants that can be used as medicine. There were butterflies flying everywhere. Along with plants, the nursery also had lots of colourful pots, watering cans and bags of soil. The best part of the trip was when Mr Abbas said that we could choose a plant each and take it home! I chose a hibiscus plant with pretty red flowers. The trip was a lot of fun. I enjoyed learning about the different plants. Module 3 35

Module 4 Section Name What I Will Learn Dictation Sentence dictation Vocabulary Suffixes Grammar Pronouns Formal Writing Message writing Creative Writing Descriptive writing Dictation Exercise 1: Sentence dictation 1) My mother was sipping on hot tea. 2) The dog shook his paw with me. 3) We should chew our food well. 4) The cat was chasing the crow. 5) The child greeted her mother with a wide smile. 3663

PR Vocabulary Q Suffixes A suffix is a letter or a group of letters, added to the end of a word to form a new word. Remember Adding a suffix to a word changes the part of speech of that word. • Adding -ness or -ion changes a word to its noun form. Examples: aware (verb) – awareness (noun) calculate (verb) – calculation (noun) • Adding -ly changes a word to its adverb form. Example: hard (adjective) – hardly (adverb) • Adding -ful changes a word to its adjective form. Example: joy (noun) – joyful (adjective) Exercise 2.1: Add ‘-ness’ or ‘-ly’ as suffixes to the given words to form new words. -ness -ly 1) kind ________k_i_n_d_n__e_s_s_______ __________k_in__d_ly_________ 2) soft 3) neat _________so__ft_n_e__ss________ __________s_o_f_t_ly_________ 4) fresh 5) clever -ness = ________n_e__a_t_n_e_s_s_______ __________n_e_a__tl_y________ 6) honest + or ________f_re__sh__n_e_s_s_______ __________fr_e_s_h_l_y________ _______c__le_v_e__rn__e_s_s______ _________c_l_e_v_e_r_ly________ -ly ____________–___________ _________h_o_n_e__s_tl_y_______ Module 4 37

Exercise 2.2: These balloons are about to fly off! Draw strings to attach the balloons to the box with the correct suffix to make new adjectives. help reject attract care subtract joy -ful -ion Grammar Pronouns Underline the pronouns in the passage below. Sort them into subject and object pronouns. The old explorers were very brave. They travelled to strange lands. I am an explorer too. My brother also likes exploring new places. Other children find us to be very different. They sometimes make fun of us. I do not listen to them because exploring is my passion. Subject pronouns Object pronouns they, I us, them 38

Remember • A subject pronoun is used as the subject (who/what does the action) of a sentence in place of a noun. • An object pronoun is used to replace the noun that receives the action of a verb. Reflexive pronouns He treated himself to a They baked a cake for She can complete the movie. themselves. project by herself. When the subject and the object refer to the same person or thing, a reflexive pronoun is used. In a reflexive pronoun, the subject is the doer and receiver of the action. Examples: • She gifted herself a book. • We bought fruits for ourselves. • I cut myself. When reflexive pronouns are used to put emphasis on the subject, they are called emphatic pronouns. They emphasise that the subject both did and received the action. Examples: • She can complete the project by herself. • Gaurav can repair the toy by himself. Module 4 39

Here is a list of subject, object and reflexive pronouns. Singular Subject pronouns Object pronouns Reflexive pronouns Plural I me myself you yourself you him himself he her herself she it itself it us we you ourselves you them yourselves they themselves Remember • Singular reflexive pronouns are formed with ‘-self’ and plural ones with ‘- selves’. • When a reflexive pronoun replaces phrases like ‘on my/her/his/our/their own’, the preposition ‘on’ should be changed to ‘by’. Example: Sonia did it on her own. Sonia did it by herself. Exercise 3.1: Fill in the blanks with the correct reflexive pronouns. One is done for you. 1) I made dinner all by myself. 2) John took a trip to Japan by ________h_i_m__se__lf__________. 3) Salma cut _________h_e_r_se__lf__________ while chopping vegetables. 4) Haroun and his family built a house for _______t_h_e_m__s_e_l_v_e_s_______. 5) Harmaan drew a portrait of _________h_i_m__se__lf_________. 6) The kitten made __________it_s_e_lf___________ comfortable on the couch. 40

Exercise 3.2: Rewrite the sentences given below with the correct reflexive pronouns. One is done for you. 1) He dressed herself this morning. Ans. He dressed himself this morning. 2) We had to cook all by themselves, as our parents were out of town. Ans. We had to cook all by ourselves, as our parents were out of town. 3) The lady spoke to himself as she crossed the road. Ans. The lady spoke to herself as she crossed the road. 4) I take pictures of himself. Ans. I take pictures of myself. 5) Did you take lessons in painting, or did you learn it itself? Ans. Did you take lessons in painting, or did you learn it yourself? 6) The players decided to call herself the‘Kolkata Knights’. Ans. The players decided to call themselves the 'Kolkata Knights'. Exercise 3.3: Replace the underlined words with suitable pronouns from the box. One is done for you. us she myself them herself they 1) Our dog Mini was sleeping. Ans. She was sleeping. Module 4 41

2) My mother sent my brother and me outside. Ans. My mother sent us outside. 3) My sister finished the work on her own. Ans. My sister finished the work by herself. 4) My brother threw the frisbee to Rahul and Sunny. Ans. My brother threw the frisbee to them. 5) Greta rewarded Greta with a yummy dinner. Ans. Greta rewarded herself with a yummy dinner. 6) Sara, Shobha and Ira are best friends. Ans. They are best friends. Exercise 3.4: Replace the underlined words with suitable subject, object and reflexive pronouns. One is done for you. Tejas is painting a picture. Tejas is using his favourite paintbrush. Tejas always takes good care of the paintbrush. Rina is cycling. Rina is wearing a dress and a hat. Ravi and Rohan are running. Ravi and Rohan are having fun. Chetan is fishing. He has made a fishing rod for Chetan. The children are having fun. Nothing can disturb the children. 42

Ans. Tejas is painting a picture. He is using his favourite paintbrush. Tejas always takes good care of it. Rina is cycling. She is wearing a dress and a hat. Ravi and Rohan are running. They are having fun. Chetan is fishing. He has made a fishing rod for himself. The children are having fun. Nothing can disturb them. Formal Writing Message writing People invite us on many occasions. We can write messages to accept or decline an invitation. Exercise 4: Your friend has invited you to his birthday party. You have a football team selection camp that day and will have to miss the party. Write a message to your friend, informing him that you will be unable to attend the party. Hints: • Wish your friend. • Mention why you will have to miss the party. • Apologise (say sorry) for having to miss the party. Module 4 43

Dear Rahul, Thank you for inviting me to your birthday party. I would like to wish you a happy birthday in advance. Unfortunately, I have an important selection match that day and will not be able to attend the party. I am sorry for not being able to make it. I will surely come by later to meet you. Have a great party! With love, Sandeep 44

Creative Writing Descriptive writing Do you and your friends look the same? Everybody looks different. The colour of our skin and hair, the shape of our noses and other such features are different. The kinds of clothes we wear and the ways in which we walk and talk are also not the same. Read the description of the people in this picture. The man has straight, black hair. He is wearing a T-shirt with a black collar. He has long and thick eyebrows. The woman has short and wavy hair. She is wearing a pretty top and black tights. She has big eyes. She looks excited to be out with her family. The boy has short brown hair. He also has big eyes. He is wearing a loose T-shirt and a pair of shorts. The girl has short hair that she has tied up at the back. She has a big smile on her face. She is looking excitedly at her parents. She is wearing a top and a skirt. All the people in the picture are wearing slippers. Module 4 45

Now, let us match the pictures of people to the given descriptions. She is wearing a striped sweater with long sleeves. She is jumping with joy. She looks very excited. She is wearing a round-necked top. She has shoulder-length straight hair. She looks very angry. He is wearing a shirt and a tie. He is sitting with his elbows resting on a table. He looks sad; or maybe he is just tired. He has brown hair. He is scratching his head in confusion. It looks like he is thinking about something. She has curly hair. She is wearing a small nightdress. She is smiling. She has a very sweet face. 46

Exercise 5: Look at the picture given below. Describe any two people in the picture in a few lines. Describe their looks, clothes, hairstyles, expressions and so on. The man is wearing a white T-shirt and long pants. He has short brown hair. He has a moustache and a beard. He is a tall man. He looks like he is twenty-five to thirty-five years old. He is smiling and looks happy. He looks like he is full of energy. The young girl is wearing a white top and a brown skirt. She has two pigtails. She is wearing big, square-framed spectacles. She must be around ten-years old. She is crying. She is either sad or hurt about something. Module 4 47

Module 5 Section Name What I Will Learn Dictation Word dictation Vocabulary Antonyms Grammar Adjectives Formal Writing Explanatory writing Creative Writing Dialogue writing Dictation Exercise 1: Word dictation 1) rainbow 2) moose 3) sail 4) bridge 5) bow 6) heaven 7) overtops 8) prettier 9) wonderful 4884

PR Vocabulary Q Antonyms An antonym is a word that is opposite in meaning to another word. Examples: Exercise 2.1: Fill in the blanks by choosing the antonyms of the words marked in bold from the words given below. found loose forgot last always sink 1) We saw the twig float for some time, and then it began to _________si_n_k_________. 2) Safar _______a_l_w_a__y_s______________ visits us, but we never see Sarah. 3) Bunty is usually the first to wake up and the _____________la_s_t____________ to go to bed. 4) The dress was too tight at the waist and too ___________lo_o__s_e____________ in the arms. 5) The pen that was lost in the morning has now been ___________f_o_u_n__d___________. 6) I remembered to post my mother’s letter but ___________fo__rg_o__t___________ to put a stamp on it. Module 5 49

Exercise 2.2: Match the antonyms in Columns A and B. Column A Column B 1) a) construction careful 2) b) fear together 3) c) careless excited 4) d) bored destruction 5) e) apart modern 6) f) old-fashioned courage 50