202110247-TRIUMPH-STUDENT-WORKBOOK-SOCIAL_STUDIES-G09-PART1

CHAPTER 5- BIOSPHERE 2.3 Key Concepts i. Tropical grasslands grow on either sides of the Equator. ii. Elephants, zebras, giraffes, deer and leopards are common in tropical grasslands. iii. Temperate grasslands are found in the mid–latitudinal zones. iv. Thorny bushes are found in the dry desert –like regions. v. Polar regions are extremely cold. vi. In tundra region vegetation grows in summer season. SESSION 2. GRASSLANDS 99

SESSION 3 HUMAN SOCIETY AND ENVIRONMENT 3.1 Mind Map 3.2 Terminology 1. Acid rains: Acid rains are caused by the mingling of acidic particles of atmosphere with rain increasing the acid content of rain water. 3.3 Improve Your Learning Mapping Skills Q1. Locate the following countries in the world map. [Refer to TB page 58 Q6] SESSION 3. HUMAN SOCIETY AND ENVIRONMENT 100

CHAPTER 5- BIOSPHERE a) New Zealand b) Brazil c) Australia d) North America e) China f)India A. Appreciation and Sensitivity Q1. How can we protect natural resources? [Refer to TB page 58 Q4] A. Preservation of natural resources is essential for maintaining harmony with the environment. 1) Programmes like ‘rainwater harvesting’ and ‘save water’ should be done to assure adequate water supply for future use. 2) Air and climate can be preserved by not releasing harmful gases and pollutants into the air and water. We should decrease noise pollution. 3) Programmes like Vanamahotsav should be conducted to plant more trees to have a balance in the atmosphere. SESSION 3. HUMAN SOCIETY AND ENVIRONMENT 101

CHAPTER 5- BIOSPHERE 4) Each and every nation should sign a declaration like Kyoto Protocol to bring down the release of greenhouse gases. 3.4 Key Concepts i. The building of knowledge of the environment is an essential part of human beings interaction with the natural world. ii. The process of reshaping the surface of the earth received a great push with the industrial revolution and process of colonization. SESSION 3. HUMAN SOCIETY AND ENVIRONMENT 102

SESSION 4 INDUSTRIES 4.1 Mind Map 4.2 Improve Your Learning Reading the Text, Understanding and Interpretation Q1. Read the paragraph under the title “In addition to. . . and soil” on page 57 and comment on it. [Refer to TB page 58 Q7] A. Student activity. Reflection on Contemporary Issues and Questioning Q1. Why is ecological crisis occurred in modern times? What are its effects? [Refer to TB page 58 Q2] A. Environment refers to all the conditions and influences surrounding and affecting our existence and development. Environmental pollution, ecological decay and depletion of natural resources have become major international problems in the last two or three decades. Modern industries, science and technology and urbanization have made rapid progress in the last two centuries. As modernity is increasing worldwide the forests are declining, reckless deforestation by individu- als and private business leads to dangerous imbalances in our biosphere. Effects: Industrialization, rapid population growth and urbanization all have meant unprecedented SESSION 4. INDUSTRIES 103

CHAPTER 5-BIOSPHERE exploitation of natural resources like minerals, forests, soil, water, air etc, besides the sources of energy stored in the earth for billions of years. This has resulted in rapid deforestation and decline of reserves of minerals, oil and ground water. 4.3 Key Concepts i. Acid rains are caused by the mingling of acidic particles of atmosphere with rain increasing the acid content of rain water. ii. The chemical fertilizers are made from petro–chemicals. —— CCE Based Practice Questions —— AS1-Conceptual Understanding Very Short Answer Type Questions 1. Match the following. Column A Column B i. Earth a. Integral connection with water and air ii. Life forms b. Consumed by microorganisms iii. Food from plants c. Mixing of poisonous substances in air iv. Ecological crisis d. Unique planet v. Mercury e. Eaten by animals 2. Match the following. Column B Column A a. Temperate deciduous forests i. Forests b. Hardwood ii. Grasslands c. India iii. Ebony CHAPTER 5. BIOSPHERE 104

CHAPTER 5-BIOSPHERE iv. Tropical deciduous forests d. Moderate rainfall v. Deer, fox and wolves e. Sufficient rainfall 3. Answer the following questions in one sentence. (i) What is the term of increase in earth’s average surface temperature due to effect of greenhouse gases? (ii) In which forests are animals like tiger, lion and langoors found? (iii) In which sphere does life constitute itself? 105 (iv) Which type of forests shed their leaves in the dry season? (v) Who are the primary food producers? (vi) Name any two hardwood trees. CHAPTER 5. BIOSPHERE

CHAPTER 5-BIOSPHERE (vii) What do the plants draw from soil? (viii) Give any two products made from softwood trees. (ix) Name the chemical that farmers use to treat cattle. (x) Name any two gases that cause acid rain. 4. Fill in the blanks. (xi) The earth has thriving on it. (xii) The coniferous forests are also called . (xiii) Life thrives only in the intersection of , and . (xiv) are called monsoon forests. CHAPTER 5. BIOSPHERE 106

CHAPTER 5-BIOSPHERE (xv) Tropical evergreen forests are also called forests. (xvi) The trees used to make pulp are found in forests. (xvii) Forests are found in India,northern Australia and Central America. (xviii) Any disturbance in life cycle is called . (xix) is found around the Mediterranean Sea in Europe, Africa and Asia. (xx) The cumulative impact of pollution is . Short Answer Type Questions 5. Answer the following questions in 3-4 sentences. (i) What is ecological crisis? Long Answer Type Questions 107 6. Answer the following questions in 6-8 sentences. (i) What are the reasons for greenhouse effect? CHAPTER 5. BIOSPHERE

CHAPTER 5-BIOSPHERE AS3-Information Skills Long Answer Type Questions 7. Answer the following questions in 6-8 sentences. (i) Read the following passage and answer the questions: Many scientists have argued that the present way of life is not “sustainable” for life. If we use such large quantities of natural resources, nothing will be left for our children and grandchildren. All living beings on Earth depend on the environment and have to live according to the environ- ment. But, for their enjoyment and development, human beings are destroying nature. The commercial activities carried on by human beings are affecting every life and every matter on the earth. If it continues like this, it is dangerous not only to animals but also to human beings themselves. 1. What do you mean by “sustainable”? 2. Can you name a few commercial activities that lead to ecological crisis? 3. What do all living beings depend upon? 4. Suggest one method of conservation that you can easily practice. CHAPTER 5. BIOSPHERE 108

CHAPTER 5-BIOSPHERE AS4-Reflection on Contemporary Issues and Questioning Short Answer Type Questions 8. Answer the following questions in 3-4 sentences. (i) Observe the various types of pollution that you come across, name them. AS5-Mapping Skills Long Answer Type Questions 9. Answer the following questions in 6-8 sentences. (i) Locate the following places in the world map: i. China ii. Brazil iii. India iv. Australia v. Mediterranean Sea CHAPTER 5. BIOSPHERE 109

CHAPTER 5-BIOSPHERE (ii) Identify and give the names of the numbered regions on the given world map. CHAPTER 5. BIOSPHERE 110

CHAPTER 5-BIOSPHERE AS6-Appreciation and Sensitivity Short Answer Type Questions 10. Answer the following questions in 3-4 sentences. (i) How can you say that life forms are symbiotic in nature? (ii) Look around your school and find articles made of hardwood and soft wood and list them. Objective Questions (B) Birds AS1-Conceptual Understanding (D) Humans 11. Choose the correct answer. (B) Temperate deciduous forests (D)Temperate evergreen forests (i) Who are the primary food producers? (A) Animals (C) Plants (ii) Which forests are found near the equator? (A) Tropical deciduous forests (C)Tropical evergreen forests CHAPTER 5. BIOSPHERE 111

CHAPTER 5-BIOSPHERE (iii) Where are animals like silver fox, mink, and polar bear found? (A) Mediterranean vegetation (B) Coniferous forests (C)Grass lands (D)Temperate evergreen forests (iv) What is the other name for Steppes in Eurasia? (A) Temperate grasslands (B) Tropical grasslands (C)Thorny bushes (D)Tundra vegetation (v) Where are citrus fruits like oranges and olives commonly found? (A) Tropical deciduous forests (B) Temperate deciduous forests (C)Mediterranean vegetation (D)Coniferous forests (vi) In which forests can we find rosewood, ebony and mahogany? (A) Tropical deciduous forests (B) Tropical evergreen forests (C)Temperate evergreen forests (D)Temperate deciduous forests (vii) What type of vegetation does polar region have? (A) Tropical grasslands (B) Temperate grasslands (C)Thorny bushes (D)Tundra vegetation (viii) What was the first source of energy? (B) Stone (A) Sticks and grass (C) Wood (D)Stick and stone (ix) What is the term for climatic change worldwide? (A) Pollution (B) Depletion (C) Deforestation (D)Global warming CHAPTER 5. BIOSPHERE 112

CHAPTER 5-BIOSPHERE (x) When did the practice of agriculture begin? (B) 1800 B.C (A) 5000 B.C (C)10,000 B.C (D)2000 B.C CHAPTER 5. BIOSPHERE 113

SESSION 1 6. AGRICULTURE IN INDIA 1.1 Mind Map TYPES OF FARMING AND CROPPING SESSION 1. TYPES OF FARMING AND CROPPING 114

CHAPTER 6- AGRICULTURE IN INDIA 1.2 Terminology 1. Chemical fertilizer: Fertilizers which are basically made from petro–chemicals are called chemical fertilizer. 1.3 Improve Your Learning Conceptual Understanding Q1. Name one important beverage crop and specify the geographical conditions required for its growth. [Refer to TB page 72 Q1] A. i) Tea is an important beverage crop. ii) Tea cultivation is an example of plantation agriculture. The tea plant grows well in tropical and subtropical climate endowed with deep and fertile well–drained soil, rich in humus and organic matter. iii) Tea bushes require warm and moist frost–free climate all through the year to ensure continuous growth of tender leaves. iv) Major tea producing states are Assam, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal and Kerala. Mapping Skills Q1. On an outline map of India show millet producing areas. [Refer to TB page 72 Q3] A. Millet producing states in India. SESSION 1. TYPES OF FARMING AND CROPPING 115

CHAPTER 6- AGRICULTURE IN INDIA Uttar Pradesh Madhya Pradesh Andhra Pradesh SESSION 1. TYPES OF FARMING AND CROPPING 116

CHAPTER 6- AGRICULTURE IN INDIA 1.4 Key Concepts i. Agriculture is an age–old economic activity in our country. ii. Subsistence farming is of two types. They are simple subsistence farming and intensive subsis- tence farming. iii. The main characteristic of commercial farming is the use of higher doses of modern inputs. iv. Agriculture dropping pattern depends on seasons and natural resources such as soil, water and light. v. India has three cropping seasons rabi, kharif and zaid. vi. Rice is the staple food crop of a majority of the people in India. vii. Millets are called coarse grains. SESSION 1. TYPES OF FARMING AND CROPPING 117

SESSION 2 TYPES OF CROPS 2.1 Mind Map 2.2 Improve Your Learning Mapping Skills Q1. Observe the map given on the page 74 and locate the states where paddy is grown in the outlinemap of India. [Refer to TB page 73 Q14]. SESSION 2. TYPES OF CROPS 118

CHAPTER 6- AGRICULTURE IN INDIA A. SESSION 2. TYPES OF CROPS 119

CHAPTER 6- AGRICULTURE IN INDIA 2.3 Key Concepts i. India is the largest producer as well as the consumer of pulses in the world. ii. Sugarcane is a tropical as well as a subtropical crop. iii. India produces about 4% of the world’s coffee production. iv. Arabica is a good quality of coffee in India which was brought from Yemen. v. India produces about 13% of the world’s vegetables. vi. Rubber grows very well in Kerala and Tamil Nadu. vii. Cotton, jute, hemp and natural silk are the four major fibre crops grown in India. viii. Rearing of silk worms for the production of silk fibre is known as sericulture. ix. India is believed to be the original home of the cotton plant. x. India is the third largest producer of cotton in the world. SESSION 2. TYPES OF CROPS 120

SESSION 3 AGRICULTURE - ITS IMPORTANCE 3.1 Mind Map 3.2 Terminology 1. Dryland agriculture: Rainfed fields or areas are called as dryland agriculture (or) lands that are depending on rainfall for agriculture is called dryland agriculture. 2. Modern farming practices: Hybrid farming is called modernization of agriculture.(or) Practice of new methods in agriculture is called modern farming practices. SESSION 3. AGRICULTURE - ITS IMPORTANCE 121

CHAPTER 6- AGRICULTURE IN INDIA 3.3 Improve Your Learning Conceptual Understanding Q1. In earlier classes we have studied about land distribution. How does the following image reflect this idea. Write a paragraph about this in the context of Indian agriculture. [Refer to TB page 73 Q12] A. The land distribution movement had a great influence in the field of agriculture. Most of the cultivable land area, which was in the hands of the rich landlords was brought out from their control and distributed to the landless peasants. Thus, the farmers were brought back into the business of agriculture. This was a great boost for the Indian farmers, after Independence. They were willing to work hard on the land they had .The results of their hard work were enjoyed by the land–lords earlier, thus they hadn’t been interested in farming. But through the land distribution movement, this scenario was changed. 3.4 Key Concepts i. Agricultural labourers and cultivators are the main people who are engaged in farming. ii. Crops are categorized into two categories: food crops and non–food crops. iii. Agriculture depends on season, soil, water and sunshine for cultivation. SESSION 3. AGRICULTURE - ITS IMPORTANCE 122

SESSION 4 INCREASING IRRIGATION AND BUILDING DAMS 4.1 Mind Map SESSION 4. INCREASING IRRIGATION AND BUILDING DAMS 123

CHAPTER 6- AGRICULTURE IN INDIA 4.2 Improve Your Learning Conceptual Understanding Q1. How has the Green Revolution in some areas resulted in short –term gains but long–term losses to farmers? [Refer to TB page 73 Q10] A. Short Term gains: Due to Green Revolution packages, agriculture was well developed and re- sulted in good production. Long –term Losses :–But in some areas the productivity of the land has started showing a declin- ing trend. Fertilizers, pesticides and insecticides, which once showed dramatic results, are now degrading the soils. Periodic scarcity of water has led to reduction in area under irrigation. Ineffi- cient water management has led to water logging and salinity. Due to free power to a section of farmers, they have pumped ground water to grow water –intensive crops in low rainfall areas. e.g. rice in Punjab. Thus unsustainable pumping has reduced water storage in aquifers. Consequently, many wells and tube wells have run dry. This has resulted in the marginal and small farmers not being able to cultivate crops. SESSION 4. INCREASING IRRIGATION AND BUILDING DAMS 124

CHAPTER 6- AGRICULTURE IN INDIA Reflection on Contemporary Issues and Questioning Q1. The land under cultivation has got reduced day–by–day. Can you imagine its consequences? [Refer to TB page 72 Q2] A. Agricultural development is dependent on irrigation. Because of the imbalance of water resources, the farmers are facing water crisis, due to which the crop production has decreased. This has led to a steep rise in demand for production, inflation and food crisis. It has also contributed to growing unemployment and poverty. 4.3 Key Concepts i. The Indian Government began to change the policy towards agriculture and it was called as Green Revolution. ii. In the second face of Green Revolution the government introduced High Yeilding Varieties seeds. SESSION 4. INCREASING IRRIGATION AND BUILDING DAMS 125

SESSION 5 GREEN REVOLUTION AND ITS SPREAD 5.1 Mind Map SESSION 5. GREEN REVOLUTION AND ITS SPREAD 126

CHAPTER 6- AGRICULTURE IN INDIA 5.2 Terminology 1. Green revolution: In India it was a period when agriculture in India increased its yields due to improved agronomic technology. 5.3 Improve Your Learning Conceptual Understanding Q1. How is dryland agriculture different from irrigated agriculture ? [Refer to TB page 73 Q7] A. i. 45% of the cultivable land which cannot easily be irrigated and depends solely on rainfall is known as dryland in our country. ii. Unlike the cultivation of irrigated lands, dryland farming poses different challenges. iii. Conserving the rainfall that the area receives is the first step. This is done through watershed development programmes which include afforestation, bunding, building check–dams and tanks. iv. Fertility of soil needs to be raised by adding organic manure. v. Farmers may also need new varieties of growing a mix of crops on the same land, knowledge about the best ways of growing a mix of crops on the same land etc. vi. Dryland agriculture needs special attention and more effort to grow crops than other lands. Q2. Why are chemical fertilizers used in new farming methods? How could use of fertilizers make soil less fertile? What are the alternative ways of enriching soil? [Refer to TB page 73 Q9] A. Modern agriculture uses a large amount of chemical fertilizers and pesticides for irrigation. The chemical fertilizers are basically made from petro-chemicals and therefore derive from petroleum, which eventually remains in the soil and also mixed with water used for irrigation and reaches the rivers, seas and ground water. This results in contamination of water and soil. As a result many micro-organisms and small animals like earthworms are destroyed and this in turn affects the long term fertility of the soil. Alternative ways: Instead of artificial fertilizers natural manures like cattle dung and humus are very useful in increasing the natural qualities of the soil as they consist of nitrogen, phosphorus and potash. We can also use vermi compost. SESSION 5. GREEN REVOLUTION AND ITS SPREAD 127

CHAPTER 6- AGRICULTURE IN INDIA Q3. Explain all the ways in which the Indian Government supported the Green Revolution. [Refer to TB page 73 Q5] A. The government introduced new kinds of seeds to Indian soil. They were invented in various agricultural research institutions in India and abroad. This marked the second phase of agriculture development. These new seeds were known as High Yielding Varieties. It was also accompanied by use of chemical fertilizers, machinery such as tractors and others besides irrigation facilities. A variety of cooperative banks were set up in rural areas to provide credit to farmers so that they could buy raw materials such as seeds, fertilizers, pesticides and machinery required for modern farming. Reflection on Contemporary Issues and Questioning Q1. Can you recall the incident when pesticides were found in soft drinks? How is this related to the use of pesticides? Discuss. [Refer to TB page 73 Q8] A. Yes, recently we have seen an incident where pesticides were found in soft drinks. Pesticides are used in agriculture on a large scale nowadays. One of the benefits of pesticides is enhanced economic potential in terms of increased production of food. However its use has also resulted in serious health implications to man and his environment. Since various pesticides are used in agricultural production, they are transferred to the products which are prepared by these raw ma terials. In some cases people have used pesticides instead of some safe preservatives which was harmful to our health. Thus pesticides were found in soft drinks. 5.4 Key Concepts i. Dryland areas depend solely on rainfall. ii. The green revolution helped farmers produce a higher level of food grains and non–food grains on the same plot of land they had. iii. Environmental resources like soil fertility and ground water are built up over many years. SESSION 5. GREEN REVOLUTION AND ITS SPREAD 128

SESSION 6 POST REFORM AGRICULTURE 6.1 Mind Map 6.2 Terminology 1. Organic material: Matter composed of organic compounds that has come from the remains of organisms such as plants and animals and their waste products in the environment. 2. Foreign trade policy: A policy which regulates the trade affairs of a country with other countries. 6.3 Improve Your Learning Conceptual Understanding [Refer to TB Q1. What is a Minimum Support Price (MSP)? How is it implemented in your area? page 73 Q4] SESSION 6. POST REFORM AGRICULTURE 129

CHAPTER 6- AGRICULTURE IN INDIA A. A lot of grains come into the market at harvest time. One problem farmers face is the low price of grain during this time. This means farmers are not able to sell at high enough prices to be able to repay their loans and continue using new farming methods. They need to be protected from traders who might try to buy the grains at low prices. Therefore, the government has decided to set a Minimum Support Price (MSP). A minimum sup- port price is a price at which the farmers can sell their grain if they want to the government. The government sets the MSP so as to cover the cost of cultivation and allow a little bit of profit to the farmer. Because of the MSP, farmers are not forced to sell their grains at cheaper prices to the traders. MSP is not properly implemented in our area as there are farmers who still sell their grains at a cheaper price to the traders. Q2. What could be the effects of foreign trade on farmer’s income? [Refer to TB page 73 Q11] A. Foreign trade can cause a farmer’s income to fluctuate a lot. In certain years and for certain crops the farmers might gain money from exports. In other years, farmers could lose money because of cheap imports and fall in prices of farm products. Small farmers without much savings will not be able to bear this loss. They will get caught in a debt trap and become poorer. The government has to be very careful in allowing trade in farm products. Reading the Text, Understanding and Interpretation Q1. Read the paragraph under the title “Fertilizer problems” on page 70 and comment on it. [Refer to TB page 73 Q13] A. Student activity. Appreciation and Sensitivity Q1. Do you think it is important for India to be self–sufficient in food grains production? Discuss. [Refer to TB page 73 Q6] A. India should be self–sufficient in food grains production. Food corporation of India was formed by the Government to purchase food grains from the farmers and store them. It stocks food grains and supplies to ration shops and other government schemes like midday meals in schools. Some of the reasons are: SESSION 6. POST REFORM AGRICULTURE 130

CHAPTER 6-AGRICULTURE IN INDIA i. A large portion of our population especially children and poor communities are unable to get adequate nutrition. ii. Whenever there were little rains, drought situations prevailed. This led to decrease in food production and force government to import food grains. iii. To avoid these kind of situations we should be self–sufficient in food grain production. 6.4 Key Concepts i. Foreign trade of farm products was not allowed from1967 to 1991. ii. The developed countries are however constantly putting pressure on India to allow greater im- ports of crops produced in their countries. iii. These developed countries want to sell their surplus farm products in the developing countries as they have a large number of buyers. —— CCE Based Practice Questions —— AS1-Conceptual Understanding Very Short Answer Type Questions 1. Match the following. Column A Column B i. Slash and burn a. Winter ii. Labour intensive b. Summer iii. Kharif c. Intensive subsistence farming iv. Rabi d. Onset of monsoon v. Zaid e. Shifting agriculture 2. Match the following. Column B Column A a. Midday meals i. Land reforms b. Food and fodder crop ii. Fertility of soil iii. Maize c. Plantation agriculture CHAPTER 6. AGRICULTURE IN INDIA 131

CHAPTER 6-AGRICULTURE IN INDIA iv. Tea d. Land Ceiling Act v. Government schemes e. Compost and manure 3. Answer the following questions in one sentence. (i) What are the requirements of agriculture? (ii) What is sericulture? (iii) How many cropping seasons are there in India? What are they? (iv) Where does cotton grow well in India? CHAPTER 6. AGRICULTURE IN INDIA 132

CHAPTER 6-AGRICULTURE IN INDIA (v) On what factors does the success of Rabi crops depend upon? (vi) Give reasons for the jute crop losing its market? (vii) What are the major crops grown in India? (viii) What is the importance of agriculture in India? (ix) Which crop is known as beverage crop? (x) Why do farmers add more and more chemical fertilizers while farming? 133 CHAPTER 6. AGRICULTURE IN INDIA

CHAPTER 6-AGRICULTURE IN INDIA 4. Fill in the blanks. (xi) is a commercial crop in Haryana. (xii) is known as the golden fibre. (xiii) is a tropical as well as sub tropical crop. (xiv) One distinct feature of Indian agriculture is the . (xv) India is believed to be the original home of the . (xvi) are most suitable for pulses. (xvii) is a labour intensive industry. (xviii) India becomes in food grains production. (xix) India produces about of the world’s vegetables. (xx) The main source of irrigation is using ground water. Short Answer Type Questions 5. Answer the following questions in 3-4 sentences. (i) How can you identity whether the soil is fertile? CHAPTER 6. AGRICULTURE IN INDIA 134

CHAPTER 6-AGRICULTURE IN INDIA (ii) Describe the role played by food corporation of India. Long Answer Type Questions 6. Answer the following questions in 6-8 sentences. (i) How can farmers improve farming in dry land areas? CHAPTER 6. AGRICULTURE IN INDIA 135

CHAPTER 6-AGRICULTURE IN INDIA (ii) What are the effects of the Green Revolution? (iii) What was the difference of production of food grains between 1960–61 and 1970–71? CHAPTER 6. AGRICULTURE IN INDIA 136

CHAPTER 6-AGRICULTURE IN INDIA AS4-Reflection on Contemporary Issues and Questioning Long Answer Type Questions 7. Answer the following questions in 6-8 sentences. (i) How do dams influence the life of man? AS5-Mapping Skills Long Answer Type Questions 8. Answer the following questions in 6-8 sentences. (i) Locate the following on the map of India. a) Nilgiri Hills b) Cherrapunji c) Garo Hills d) Cuttack e) Andaman and Nicobar Islands CHAPTER 6. AGRICULTURE IN INDIA 137

CHAPTER 6-AGRICULTURE IN INDIA (ii) Locate the following on the map of India. (Food crops to non–food crops growing states) a) Punjab b) Haryana c) Uttar Pradesh d) Rajasthan e) Telangana f) Madhya Pradesh CHAPTER 6. AGRICULTURE IN INDIA 138

CHAPTER 6-AGRICULTURE IN INDIA (iii) Observe the given map and answer the following questions: 139 CHAPTER 6. AGRICULTURE IN INDIA

CHAPTER 6-AGRICULTURE IN INDIA i. Which states are mentioned in this map? ii. Name the coastal states where paddy is grown? iii. Which country is the largest producer of paddy in world? iv. How is it possible to given rice even in the areas with less rainfall? v. In which coastal state paddy is not produced? CHAPTER 6. AGRICULTURE IN INDIA 140

CHAPTER 6-AGRICULTURE IN INDIA Objective Questions AS1-Conceptual Understanding 9. Choose the correct answer. (i) is an age–old economic activity in our country. (A) Horticulture (B) Agriculture (C) Sericulture (D)Commercial farming (ii) are known as coarse grains which have high nutritional value. (A) Millets (B) Paddy (C) Maize (D) Wheat (iii) HYV stands for . (A) Huge yielding variety (C)High yielding variety (B) Huge yielding variations (D)High yielding velocity (iv) The largest producer of pulses in the world is . (A) Sri Lanka (B) China (C) USA (D) India CHAPTER 6. AGRICULTURE IN INDIA 141

CHAPTER 6-AGRICULTURE IN INDIA (v) The percentage of oil seeds in the total cropped area of India is . (A) 12% (B) 10% (C) 14% (D) 18% (vi) The Arabica variety of coffee was initially brought from__________. (A) Mecca (B) Omen (C) Yemen (D) Muscat (vii) crop is called equatorial crop. (A) Cotton (B) Tea (C) Paddy (D) Rubber (viii) Nearly of working women are engaged in agriculture. (A) 60% (B) 70% (C)65 % (D) 80% (ix) The Revolution has brought in several environmental imbalances. (A) Green (B) Blue (C) White (D) Yellow (x) Organic farming is being practised for the last decade by Natwar bhai of _________. (A) Maharashtra (B) West Bengal (C) Odisha (D) Telangana CHAPTER 6. AGRICULTURE IN INDIA 142

7. INDUSTRIES IN INDIA SESSION 1 FACTORIES 1.1 Mind Map SESSION 1. FACTORIES 143

CHAPTER 7- INDUSTRIES IN INDIA 1.2 Terminology 1. Colonial rule: The policy or practice of a wealthy or powerful nations maintaining or extending their control over other weaker countries, especially in establishing settlements or exploiting resources. e.g. British rule in India 2. Consumer goods: Goods that are ultimately consumed rather than used in the production of another commodity. Clothing, food, automobiles and jewelry are all examples of consumer goods. 3. Infrastructure facilities: Fundamental facilities and systems serving a country, city, or area, including the services and facilities necessary for its economy to function. For example: roads, bridges, tunnels, water supply, sewers, electrical grids, telecommunications, and so forth. 1.3 Improve Your Learning Conceptual Understanding Q1. Why did the government take up the responsibility to set up basic goods industries? [Refer to TB page 91 Q1] A. 1) Basic industries produce essential goods that can form a base to support a large variety of factories. 2) Basic goods industries not only require more money but also take a long time to set-up. 3) Private industrial groups or families were not willing to invest in such industries. 4) Hence it was decided that government should invest in basic goods industries as this would also help privately—owned industries for their expansion. Q2. Why are industries located in specific areas? [Refer to TB page 91 Q2] A. Industries are located in specific areas because of certain basic requirements like 1) Availability of raw materials like jute, cotton or minerals and ores. 2) Power and machinery — either hydro-electricity or thermal power or the easy availability of the machineries needed. 3) Transportation is needed to bring raw materials to factories and transfer finished goods from factories to the markets. 4) Availability of cheap labour, both skilled and unskilled and proper banking facilities. 1.4 Key Concepts i. Industries are an essential aspect of a nation’s development. ii. Factories conduct the process of manufacturing. iii. In a manufacturing production process, the raw materials are changed into goods that can be useful. iv. Agriculture is the major provider of employment in India. v. People prefer industrial employment for better and more secure living conditions. vi. Industrialization generates employment and contributes to the well being of the people. SESSION 1. FACTORIES 144

SESSION 2 TYPES OF INDUSTRIES 2.1 Mind Map SESSION 2. TYPES OF INDUSTRIES 145

CHAPTER 7- INDUSTRIES IN INDIA 2.2 Terminology 1. Basic goods industries: Industries which produce essential goods. 2. Self sufficiency: Able to do or produce everything that you need without the help of other country. 2.3 Improve Your Learning Conceptual Understanding Q1. What are “basic goods” industries? How they are different from consumer goods industries? [Refer to TB page 91 Q3] A. 1) Industries which produce essential goods that can form a base to support a large variety of factories like machines, electricity, transport facilities etc. are basic goods industries. 2) The goods which are used in our daily life that are directly used by people like a soap, tooth brush, biscuits etc. are called as consumer goods. Basic Goods Industries Consumer Goods Industries 1. Factories producing essential goods 1) Factories producing goods which are necessary for industries are called basic used for direct consumption are called goods industries. consumer goods. E.g. Machines, electricity etc. E.g. Soaps, Furniture, TVs etc. 2. These goods are not for direct 2)These goods are directly consumed by consumption. consumers. 3. Basic industries produce essential 3)Consumer goods industries do not goods that can form a base to support a support any other industries. large variety of factories. Reading the Text, Understanding and Interpretation Q1. Read the paragraph 3 on page 83 and comment on it. [Refer to TB page 91 Q10] A. Students activity. Information Skills Q1. Give a list of towns/areas in which conventional mineral resources are found and ask students to identify the possible industries which can be set up. [Refer to TB page 91 Q4] SESSION 2. TYPES OF INDUSTRIES 146

CHAPTER 7- INDUSTRIES IN INDIA A. Part 1: S.N Minerals/ Towns/areas in which these List of kind of industries that can o. sRoeu- rces resources are available be set up in this area 1. Iron i. Singhbhum in Jharkhand i. Iron and steel industry ii. Mayurbhanj, Koenjhar in ii. Heavy machines iii. Tools Odisha iv. Weapons iii. Raipur and Bastar in v. Constructions and transport Chattisgarh. vehicles etc., iv. Bellary and chikmagalur in vi. Railway coaches etc., Karnataka. v. Salem in Tamil Nadu vi. Khammam in Telangana. vii. Ratnagiri and Chanda in Maharashtra. 2. Coal Important coal fields are i. Jharia, Chandrapura, Bokaro and Giridhi in Jharkhand. i. Iron and steel industry ii. Ranigunj and Asansol in West ii. Thermal power industry Bengal. iii. Used as fuel in many other iii. Singrauli and Korba in Madhya Pradesh. industries. iv. Singareni in Telangana. iv. Largely used in railways. 3. Jute West Bengal, Assam, Bihar Jute industry is concentrated in and Odisha. West Bengal. i. Jute textiles ii. Bag–making iii. Carpet–making iv. Door mats etc. 4. Oil Gujarat, Assam, Bombay High Different types of industries. Part 2: SESSION 2. TYPES OF INDUSTRIES 147

CHAPTER 7- INDUSTRIES IN INDIA Minerals/ Towns/areas in which these List of kind of industries that can S.No. Rsoeu- rces resources are available be set up in this area 5. Natural i. Cambay and Ankleshwar i. Power industry Gas fields in Gujarat. ii. Fertilizer industry iii. Used as fuel ii. Bombay High in Maharashtra. 6. Forests Forests are found in Madhya Forests yield both soft wood and Pradesh, Telangana, Odisha, hard wood. Maharashtra, Arunachal Pradesh Forest–based industries are– and Uttar Pradesh. i. Paper (soft wood trees) ii. Furniture iii. Timber iv. Soaps v. Match boxes vi. Handicraft vii. Turpentine and viii. Railway sleepers 7. Manganese i. Koenjhar, Kalahandi, i. Iron and steel industry Mayurbhanj, Sundarghar and ii. Chemical industry Thalcher in Odisha. iii. Bleaching powder iv. Electrical ii. Chitradurg, Shimoga, v. Glass chikmagalur, Bellary and vi. Leather Dharwad in Karnataka. vii. Photography iii. Bhalghat, Seori, Jabalpur in Madhya Pradesh. iv. Singhbum in Jharkhand. v. Panchamahal in Gujarat. SESSION 2. TYPES OF INDUSTRIES 148