202110247-TRIUMPH-STUDENT-WORKBOOK-SOCIAL_STUDIES-G09-PART1

CHAPTER 12-DEMOCRATIC AND NATIONALIST REVOLUTIONS i. By invading which country did Napoleon begin wars? ii. When was the Greek struggle for independence started? iii. Name the country which was first unified. iv. In which empires did Slav nationalism gather force? AS4-Reflection on Contemporary Issues and Questioning Long Answer Type Questions 12. Answer the following questions in 6-8 sentences. (i) Mention the Indian laws which are compared to the laws that helped to improve the lives of woman during French revolution. CHAPTER 12. DEMOCRATIC AND NATIONALIST REVOLUTIONS 199

CHAPTER 12-DEMOCRATIC AND NATIONALIST REVOLUTIONS AS5-Mapping Skills Long Answer Type Questions 13. Answer the following questions in 6-8 sentences. (i) Locate the following on a map of Europe. a) France b) Germany c) Italy d) Switzerland e) Austria (ii) Locate the following on a map of Europe. a) Russia b) Poland c) Greece d) Portugal e) Spain (iii) Read the map and answer the following questions. CHAPTER 12. DEMOCRATIC AND NATIONALIST REVOLUTIONS 200

CHAPTER 12-DEMOCRATIC AND NATIONALIST REVOLUTIONS i. In which country the congress of Vienna was held? ii. Which Island was not located in Mediterrenean sea? iii. Which country was extended in two continents? iv. Which country is located at the west side of Switzerland? v. What is mentioned in the above map? (iv) Read the map and answer the following questions. CHAPTER 12. DEMOCRATIC AND NATIONALIST REVOLUTIONS 201

CHAPTER 12-DEMOCRATIC AND NATIONALIST REVOLUTIONS i. Who led the movement to Unify Italy? ii. Which sea is seen in the above map? iii. What is mentioned in the above map? iv. Which Islands are seen in Mediterranean Sea? v. Who proclaimed as the king of United Italy. Objective Questions AS1-Conceptual Understanding 14. Choose the correct answer. (i) The parliament which continued from to was called the long parliament. (A) 1540–1650 (B) 1640–1660 (C) 1643–1666 (D) 1340–1360 (ii) The long parliament punished the ministers and officers of . (A) Louis XVI (B) George III (C)James I (D)Charles I CHAPTER 12. DEMOCRATIC AND NATIONALIST REVOLUTIONS 202

CHAPTER 12-DEMOCRATIC AND NATIONALIST REVOLUTIONS (iii) England had developed on eastern coast of North America. (A) 1818–1897 (B) 1918–1985 (C) None (D) Colonies (iv) France helped the thirteen American ______ to gain their independence from Britain. (A) Industries (B) Trade centres (C) Colonies (D) Plantations (v) The _______colonies raised a slogan ‘No Taxation without Representation’. (A) Latin (B) American (C) French (D) Paris (vi) The Americans finally won the war in October, 1781 with the military assistance of . (A) France (B) California (C) Philadelphia (D) Paris (vii) The war of Independence came to an end with the signing of the Treaty of Paris in . (A) 1773 (B) 1783 (C) 1788 (D) 1789 (viii) In_______ the national government of the United States of America adopted a republican constitution. (A) 1776 (B) 1789 (C) 1889 (D) 1689 (ix) ___________actively campaigned for political equality and freedom of thought for all people. (A) Louis X (B) Jefferson (C)James II (D)James I CHAPTER 12. DEMOCRATIC AND NATIONALIST REVOLUTIONS 203

CHAPTER 12-DEMOCRATIC AND NATIONALIST REVOLUTIONS (x) In the year Louis XVI ascended the throne of France. (A) 1774 (B) 1776 (C) 1889 (D) 1689 (xi) _________ Empire reached its peak under Napolean’s rule. (A) Russian (B) French (C) American (D) English (xii) The National Assembly completed the draft of the Constitution in (A) 1789 (B) 1774 (C)1876 (D) 1791 (xiii) Till 19th century, _______ was divided into many small independent kingdoms. (A) Hungary (B) England (C) Germany (D) India (xiv) In Europe, England was ruled by Kings of the Tudor dynasty at the beginning of the (A) 18th (B) 16th (C) 19th (D) 14th (xv) During the mid 19th century, Italy was divided into _____ states. (A) 8 (B) 7 (C) 9 (D) 5 (xvi) In 1871, France was declared republic for the third time under the leadership of Leon Gambetta. (A) 1789 (B) 1789 (C) 1876 (D) 1871 CHAPTER 12. DEMOCRATIC AND NATIONALIST REVOLUTIONS 204

CHAPTER 12-DEMOCRATIC AND NATIONALIST REVOLUTIONS (xvii) Women were disappointed that the Constitution of ______ made them passive citizens. (A) 1789 (B) 1774 (C) 1791 (D) 1871 (xviii) Napolean Bonaparte formed Rhine Confederation with _____ kingdoms. (A) 27 (B) 39 (C) 17 (D) 19 (xix) A customs union called _______formulated some trade rules for free trade, economic cooperation in these kingdoms. (A) Zollverein (B) Carbonary (C)Young Italy (D) Resorgimento (xx) The congress of Vienna was hosted by the . (A) Swiss (B) Austrians (C) Dutch (D) Polish CHAPTER 12. DEMOCRATIC AND NATIONALIST REVOLUTIONS 205

13. INDUSTRIALISATION AND SOCIAL CHANGE SESSION 1 INTRODUCTION TO INDUSTRIALISATION 1.1 Mind Map 1.2 Terminology 206 1. Industrialisation: Rapid industrialization of a nation. 2. Transformation: Complete changes. SESSION 1. INTRODUCTION TO INDUSTRIALISATION

CHAPTER 13- INDUSTRIALISATION AND SOCIAL CHANGE 1.3 Improve Your Learning Conceptual Understanding Q1. Write two sentences each on the following aspects in the context of industrial revolution [Refer to TB page 180 Q1] (a)Technology (b)Financing and Money (c)Agriculture revolution (d)Transport systems. A. i. Technology: The commencement of industrial revolution is closely linked to a small number of innovations, beginning in the second half of the 18th century. By the 1830s the following gains had been made in important technologies. E.g: Textiles, steam power and iron making. ii. Financing and money: The whole industrial revolution got founded by a few people who held power to issue essentially infinite credit. Most new industries were financed by small investors, merchants, shopkeepers and farmers. iii. Agriculture revolution: The Agriculture Revolution was period of agriculture development between 18th and the end of 19th century, which saw a massive and rapid increase in agri- cultural productivity and vast improvement in farm technology. Many inventions were created and improved during this revolution. iv. Transport Systems: The growth of industrial revolution developed because of the ability to transport raw materials and finished goods over long distances. These facilities were out of these three, water transportation was the cheapest. Mapping Skills Q1. Locate the places where iron and textile industries are mainly concentrated in England during industrial revolution. [Refer to TB page 180 Q5] A. Textile industry : Lancashire, Yorkshire, Birmingham Iron industry : Newcastle, Leeds, Birmingham, Liverpool, Bristol etc. SESSION 1. INTRODUCTION TO INDUSTRIALISATION 207

CHAPTER 13- INDUSTRIALISATION AND SOCIAL CHANGE 1.4 Key Concepts i. The period between 1780 –1850 is called “The first industrial revolution” in England. ii. Steam, a new source of power, began to be used on a wide scale in Britain industries. iii. Britain was the first industrialized country in the world. SESSION 1. INTRODUCTION TO INDUSTRIALISATION 208

SESSION 2 CONDITIONS CONTRIBUTING TO INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION IN BRITAIN 2.1 Mind Map 2.2 Terminology 1. Industrial Revolution: Machines began to be used to do work. 2.3 Improve Your Learning Conceptual Understanding Q1. What were the relative advantages of canal and Railway Transportation? [Refer to TB page 180 Q4] SESSION 2. CONDITIONS CONTRIBUTING TO INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTIO... 209

CHAPTER 13- INDUSTRIALISATION AND SOCIAL CHANGE A. i. England was well equipped by 18th century for sea –borne trade. ii. It had a good number of ports. iii. Inland transport was improved by building a network of canals. iv. Canals were initially built to transport coal to cities. v. Transport by canal is cheaper than other transports. vi. Worley (near Manchester) was built to carry coal deposits vii. After the was canal completed the price of coal fell by half. viii. Thousands of kilometers of canals were built by 1830 to transport commodities cheaply ix. Railways emerged as a new means of transport that was available throughout the year. x. These very cheap and fast. They carry passengers and goods. xi. As the canals revealed several problems, the invention of the railways took the entire process of industrialization to a second stage. Q2. What do you think is special about inventions happening during the industrial revolution? [Refer to TB page 180 Q2] A. i. After the invention of wheel, the invention of steam engine was a great event in the history of mankind. ii. James Watt invented steam engine in 1769. iii. This invention marked the beginning of the age of machines. iv. The steam engine was not only used in factories but also used to move rail engine power ships. v. This led to the development of motor cars, trucks, ships and aeroplanes etc. vi. According to me invention of steam engine was a special step in industrial revolution. vii. Most inventions were more the product of determination, interest, curiosity, even luck, than application of scientific knowledge. viii. Some inventors in the cotton industry, like John Kay and James Hargreaves, were familiar with the skills of weaving and carpentry. ix. Richard Arkwright, however, was a barber and wig – maker, Samuel Crompton was not technically skilled and Edmund Cartwright studied literature, medicine and agriculture, and initially wished to become a clergyman and knew little of mechanics. x. By contrast, in the area of steam engines, Thomas Savery, an army officer, Thomas New- comen, a blacksmith and locksmith, and James Watt, with a strong mechanical bent, all had some knowledge relevant to their inventions. xi. The road – builder John Metcalf, who personally surveyed surfaces for roads and planned them, was blind. xii. The canal–builder James Brindley was almost illiterate, with such poor spelling that he could never spell the word ‘navigation’, but he had tremendous powers of memory, imagination and concentration. SESSION 2. CONDITIONS CONTRIBUTING TO INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTIO... 210

CHAPTER 13- INDUSTRIALISATION AND SOCIAL CHANGE Information Skills Q1. Prepare a table on invention during the time of Industrial Revolution. [Refer to TB page 180 Q6] A. S.No. Inventor –Inventions Spinning Jenny 1. James Hargreaves 2. John Kay Flying shuttle 3. Richard Arkwright Roller spinning frame 4. Samuel Crompton Mule spinning machine 5. Cartwright A New loom using water power 6. James Watt Steam Engine 7. George Stephenson A cart run by steam to transport coal from the mines to sea port 8. Robert Fulton˜ , Steam ship Nicolas Roosevelt 9. John Mc Adam Safer roads with stones 10. Rowland Hill Penny post card system 2.4 Key Concepts i. From the 1780s the cotton industry symbolized British industrialization. ii. Steam power was first used in mining industries. iii. McAdam devised the method of Pakka or macadamised roads. Canals were used for transport- ing things from one place to another. iv. The first steam locomotive Stephenson’s Rocket appeared in 1814. v. The first railway line connected the cities of Stockton and Darlington in 1825 covering a distance of 9 miles. SESSION 2. CONDITIONS CONTRIBUTING TO INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTIO... 211

SESSION 3 CHANGED LIVES - WORKERS, WOMEN AND CHILDREN 3.1 Mind Map Changed life’s of workers SESSION 3. CHANGED LIVES - WORKERS, WOMEN AND CHILDREN 212

CHAPTER 13- INDUSTRIALISATION AND SOCIAL CHANGE SESSION 3. CHANGED LIVES - WORKERS, WOMEN AND CHILDREN 213

CHAPTER 13- INDUSTRIALISATION AND SOCIAL CHANGE 3.2 Terminology 1. Steam power: The hot gas that water changes into when it boils. 2. Hydraulic power: Moved through pipes etc., under pressure. 3.3 Improve Your Learning Reading the Text, Understanding and Interpretation Q1. Read the para under the title “The workers” of page 176 and comment on it. [Refer to TB page 180 Q7] A. Students' activity 3.4 Key Concepts i. A survey in 1842 revealed that the average lifespan of workers was lower than that of any other social group in cities. ii. Death in European countries caused by epidemics of disease that strong from the pollution of water. iii. Due to industrial revolution few workers were needed by the industrialists, so they preferred to employ women and children who would less agitate. iv. Electric dynamo was invented by Werner Siemens in 1866. SESSION 3. CHANGED LIVES - WORKERS, WOMEN AND CHILDREN 214

SESSION 4 INDUSTRIALISATION IN GERMANY AND FRANCE 4.1 Mind Map Industrialisation in Germany and France 4.2 Improve Your Learning Conceptual Understanding Q1. How were the lives of different classes of British women affected by the industrial revolution? [Refer to TB page 180 Q3] A. i. The Industrial Revolution was a time of important changes in the way that women worked. ii. The village women were actively involved in farm work, they reared livestock, gathered fire- wood and spun yarn on spinning wheels in their homes. iii. Their earnings were necessary to supplement men’s meagre wages. iv. Women were the main workers in the silk, lace making and knitting industries, as well as in the metal industries of Birmingham. SESSION 4. INDUSTRIALISATION IN GERMANY AND FRANCE 215

CHAPTER 13- INDUSTRIALISATION AND SOCIAL CHANGE v. Women may well have gained increased financial independence and self–esteem from their jobs; but this was more than offset by the humiliating term of work they endured. vi. Most classes eventually benefited in some way from the huge profits. vii. Thus the lives of different classes of British women were affected by the industrial revolution. 4.3 Key Concepts i. Germany had developed a powerful industrial power base and was challenging Britain by the beginning of 20th century. ii. French industrialisation was slow remained as consumer products like Textiles whereas Ger- mans British industrialisation was heavy industries. —— CCE Based Practice Questions —— AS1-Conceptual Understanding Very Short Answer Type Questions 1. Match the following. Column A Column B i. First railway line a. Electric dynamo b. Blast furnace ii. Stephenson’s rocket iii. James Brindley c. First steam locomotive iv. Abraham Darby d. First English canal v. Werner Siemens e. Stockton and Darlington 2. Match the following. Column B Column A a. Britain b. Railway line between Liverpool and Manchester i. 1760 and 1820 ii. Abraham Darby iii. First Industrial Revolution c. Alfred Krupp's iron foundry CHAPTER 13. INDUSTRIALISATION AND SOCIAL CHANGE 216

CHAPTER 13- INDUSTRIALISATION AND SOCIAL CHANGE iv. 1830 d. Industrial development in Britain v. 1810 e. 1677–1717 3. Answer the following questions in one sentence. (i) What is industrialization? (ii) Which was the first country to experience modern industrialization? (iii) Define transformation? (iv) Who designed the paddling furnace? 217 (v) What is steam power? CHAPTER 13. INDUSTRIALISATION AND SOCIAL CHANGE

CHAPTER 13- INDUSTRIALISATION AND SOCIAL CHANGE (vi) Who used the term Industrial revolution first? (vii) Define Hydraulic Power. (viii) How many people died of cholera in 1832? (ix) What is called the First Industrial Revolution? (x) In 1842, what was the average lifespan of workers in Derby? CHAPTER 13. INDUSTRIALISATION AND SOCIAL CHANGE 218

CHAPTER 13- INDUSTRIALISATION AND SOCIAL CHANGE 4. Fill in the blanks. (xi) The term ‘Industrial Revolution’ was used by European Scholars in France and in Germany. (xii) The was a time of important changes in the way that children and woman worked. industries. (xiii) Steam power was first used in (xiv) Coal mines were place to work in. (xv) Germany was producing more . (xvi) In both Germany and France, industrializations received a boost by the introduction of railways in . (xvii) The second railway line connected and Manchester in 1930. (xviii) The canal builder was almost an illiterate. (xix) no longer had to depend on charcoal. (xx) The British always wore clothes made of wool and . Short Answer Type Questions 5. Answer the following questions in 3-4 sentences. (i) Define Industrial revolution. CHAPTER 13. INDUSTRIALISATION AND SOCIAL CHANGE 219

CHAPTER 13- INDUSTRIALISATION AND SOCIAL CHANGE Long Answer Type Questions 6. Answer the following questions in 6-8 sentences. (i) How was the cotton spinning and weaving industry revolutionized? (ii) Give a description of revolution in transportation. CHAPTER 13. INDUSTRIALISATION AND SOCIAL CHANGE 220

CHAPTER 13- INDUSTRIALISATION AND SOCIAL CHANGE AS3-Information Skills Short Answer Type Questions 7. Answer the following questions in 3-4 sentences. (i) Read the given passage and answer the following questions: Coal mines were also dangerous places to work in. Roofs caved in or there could be an ex- plosion, and injuries were therefore common. The owners of coal mines used children to reach deep coal faces where the path was too narrow for adults. Younger children worked as ‘trap- pers’ who opened and shut doors as the coal wagons travelled through mines, or carried heavy loads of coal on their backs as ‘coal bearers’. i. Which place is too dangerous to work? ii. What dangers are common at coal mines? iii. Why did the owners use children to work? iv. What kind of work younger children used to do in coal mines? CHAPTER 13. INDUSTRIALISATION AND SOCIAL CHANGE 221

CHAPTER 13- INDUSTRIALISATION AND SOCIAL CHANGE AS4-Reflection on Contemporary Issues and Questioning Short Answer Type Questions 8. Answer the following questions in 3-4 sentences. (i) What are the major changes that you observe in the present day industrial units? AS5-Mapping Skills Long Answer Type Questions 9. Answer the following questions in 6-8 sentences. (i) Identify the image and write about it. CHAPTER 13. INDUSTRIALISATION AND SOCIAL CHANGE 222

CHAPTER 13- INDUSTRIALISATION AND SOCIAL CHANGE (ii) Look at the given map and answer the questions that follow. CHAPTER 13. INDUSTRIALISATION AND SOCIAL CHANGE 223

CHAPTER 13- INDUSTRIALISATION AND SOCIAL CHANGE i. Write the name of some iron and coal manufacturing areas. ii. Which country is known as the ‘workshop of the world’? iii. Why is the particular country known as ‘workshop of the world’? iv. Mention two clustered iron and coal manufacturing areas. (iii) Look at the given map and answer the questions below. CHAPTER 13. INDUSTRIALISATION AND SOCIAL CHANGE 224

CHAPTER 13- INDUSTRIALISATION AND SOCIAL CHANGE i. Name some cotton textile manufacturing areas in Britain. ii. Before industrialization, what did England do? iii. How did England use its colonial powers to develop their industries? iv. Which industries were developed in England during the period of the Industrial revolution? AS6-Appreciation and Sensitivity Short Answer Type Questions 10. Answer the following questions in 3-4 sentences. (i) Why do you think that the condition of child labourers was horrible at that time? CHAPTER 13. INDUSTRIALISATION AND SOCIAL CHANGE 225

CHAPTER 13- INDUSTRIALISATION AND SOCIAL CHANGE Objective Questions AS1-Conceptual Understanding 9. Choose the correct answer. (i) The first steam locomotive, Stephenson’s Rocket, appeared in (A) 1810 (B) 1871 (C) 1814 (D) 1841 (ii) Alfred Krupp had established a small iron foundry at Essen in . (A) 1801 (B) 1810 (C) 1081 (D) 1881 (iii) was the country to experience modern industrialization. (A) Britain (B) Germany (C) England (D) Holland (iv) The first railway line made a distance of miles. (A) 7 (B) 9 (C) 11 (D) 19 (v) Canals were initially built to transport coal to . (A) foreign (B) cities (C) states (D) villages (vi) Industrialization began in England in century. (A) 15th (B) 16th (C) 17th (D) 18th (vii) In England, coal was available closer to many important________. (A) Harbours (B) Roads (C) Canal (D) Industries CHAPTER 13. INDUSTRIALISATION AND SOCIAL CHANGE 226

CHAPTER 13- INDUSTRIALISATION AND SOCIAL CHANGE (viii) Developments were achieved by Britain, US and . (A) France (B) Germany (C) India (D) Belgium (ix) Coke was derived from _____ by removing the sulphur and impurities. (A) Steel (B) Coal (C) Iron (D) Cement (x) Society of Arts was founded in . (A) 1754 (B) 1854 (C) 1756 (D) 1750 CHAPTER 13. INDUSTRIALISATION AND SOCIAL CHANGE 227

14. SOCIAL PROTEST MOVEMENTS SESSION 1 WORKERS MOVEMENTS AND NEW IDEOLOGIES 1.1 Mind Map 1.2 Terminology 1. Socialism: Everyone has an equal right to a share of a countries wealth. 2. Luddism: Demands minimum wages, work for the workers who lost jobs due to machinery. 3. Orient lists: Persons who studies the languages arts etc., of oriental countries. 4. Feminism: The belief and aim that woman should have the same rights and opportunities as men. SESSION 1. WORKERS MOVEMENTS AND NEW IDEOLOGIES 228

CHAPTER 14- SOCIAL PROTEST MOVEMENTS 5. Capitalism: An economic system which is under private sector. 6. Revolutionaries: Attempts bye large number of people to change the government of a country. 1.3 Improve Your Learning Conceptual Understanding Q1. Which of the following statement about lives of industrial workers are correct? And correct the false statement [Refer to TB page 188 Q1] • Workers controlled the industries. • Living conditions of the workers were comfortable. • Low wages was one of the reasons for discontent among the workers. • During the phase of industrialisation there was emphasis on emotions and feeling. • Romantic writers and artists tried to highlight values of closeness to nature as described through activities such as folk tales and folk songs. A. i) False: The factory owners controlled the industries. ii) False: The workers lived in inhuman and pathetic conditions. iii) True. iv) False: There was emphasis only on earning greater profits. v) True. Q2. Write a paragraph comparing the ideas of capitalism and socialism How were they similar or different. [Refer to TB page 188 Q3] A. Capitalism Socialism Capitalism is based on private ownership Under socialism the means of production of means of production. are under the control of the government. Supply and demand forces determine There will be centralised planning the prices. mechanism. The objective of production is profit The objective of production is welfare of maximisation. the state and people. SESSION 1. WORKERS MOVEMENTS AND NEW IDEOLOGIES 229

CHAPTER 14- SOCIAL PROTEST MOVEMENTS Concentration of power or wealth will be Socialism opposes concentration of in few hands. power or wealth. The resources are controlled by the Social control of resources is under capitalists. government to benefit common people. There is no individual freedom or The individual freedom and equality of equality of opportunities. opportunities are given high priority. Ex. West Europe and North America. Ex. Eastern European countries and China. Q3. How was the idea of equality being similar or differently challenged by women and workers move- ments? [Refer to TB page 188 Q4] A. i. During medieval times and in early modern times women in the world were dominated by men. ii. They did not have rights including voting. iii. They were mostly confined to domestic work like cooking, bringing up children etc. iv. Due to industrialisation a large number of woman were employed in factories. v. As woman came out of family to work and earn, they developed a new identity about themselves. vi. They began to assert the principles of equality of all human beings. vii. A new faith of women’s movements developed after Second World War which brought atten- tion on the need for equality between men and women. Reading the Text, Understanding and Interpretation Q1. Read the last paragraph of page 187 and first paragraph of page 188 and comment on it. [Refer to TB page 188 Q7] A. students activity. Reflection on Contemporary Issues and Questioning Q1. List some of the problems faced by workers of those times. Discuss if such problems exist in our times too. [Refer to TB page 188 Q2] SESSION 1. WORKERS MOVEMENTS AND NEW IDEOLOGIES 230

CHAPTER 14- SOCIAL PROTEST MOVEMENTS A. i. The working population in England agitated for the right to vote. The government brought a new law that denied people the right to protest. ii. During the war with France, England government banned unauthorised public meetings. iii. When the handloom weavers began to demand a legal minimum wage, the Parliament in England refused. iv. When new machines are brought into a factory, some workers are rendered jobless. v. In our times also due to industrialisation some workers lost their jobs. Whenever the workers start strikes for their better living, governments used to suppress the worker’s strikes. vi. Now in our times too, the handlooms weavers lost their work and are thrown in to poverty due to introduction of machines. Mapping Skills Q1. Locate the countries in the world map in which the protest movements took place. [Refer to TB page 188 Q6] A. 1) England 2) France 3) U.S.A. 4) Spain 5) Switzerland 6) India 7) Bangladesh 8) China In these countries social protest movements took place. SESSION 1. WORKERS MOVEMENTS AND NEW IDEOLOGIES 231

CHAPTER 14- SOCIAL PROTEST MOVEMENTS Appreciation and Sensitivity Q1. Draw a poster to illustrate the ideas of “liberty, equality and justice” within the context of workers and women. Identify occasions where these are being violated –[Refer to TB page 188 Q5] Poster drawing –students activity: A. In the following occasions the ideas are violated. 1. Even now the wages given to women labour are low when compared with men. 2. Domestic violence against women has not yet been controlled. 3. Assaults against women are seen everywhere. 4. Certain job opportunities are available only for men. 1.4 Key Concepts i. Industrialisation and the emergence of nation states changed the lives of the people in very basic ways. ii. The early decades of industrialisation coincided with the spread of new political ideas pioneered by the French Revolution (1789–94) iii. Trade between England and Europe was disrupted; factories were forced to shut down, iv. Members of parliament –land owners, manufacturers and professionals, were opposed to giving the working population the right to vote. v. They supported the Corn Laws, which prevented the import of cheaper food until prices in Britain had risen to certain level. SESSION 1. WORKERS MOVEMENTS AND NEW IDEOLOGIES 232

CHAPTER 14- SOCIAL PROTEST MOVEMENTS —— CCE Based Practice Questions —— AS1-Conceptual Understanding Very Short Answer Type Questions 1. Match the following. Column A Column B i. Socialism a. Luddism ii. Ned Ludd b. Woman writer iii. Babeuf c. Radical iv. Thomas Moore d. Opposed to capitalism v. Virginia Woolf e. Socialism 2. Match the following. Column A Column B i. French Revolution a. 1795 ii. Combination Acts b. 1789–94 iii. Socialist c. 1811–1817 iv. Ideas of Socialism d. Bhagat Singh v. Luddism e. Swami Vivekananda 3. Answer the following questions in one sentence. (i) Define Quakers. CHAPTER 14. SOCIAL PROTEST MOVEMENTS 233

CHAPTER 14- SOCIAL PROTEST MOVEMENTS (ii) Which party was formed in India in 1920s? (iii) Who are Orientalists? (iv) When did the Russian revolution take place? 234 (v) What is Feminism? (vi) Who led Luddism? (vii) When did Russian women get their right to vote? CHAPTER 14. SOCIAL PROTEST MOVEMENTS

CHAPTER 14- SOCIAL PROTEST MOVEMENTS (viii) Who were women’s suffragists? (ix) Name some Indian socialists. (x) What was the idea of Babeuf? 4. Fill in the blanks. (xi) Industrialization deeply troubled and intellectuals. (xii) Karl Marx and formulated a new theory of socialism based on their study of the working of industrial capitalist production. (xiii) Human values associated with or craft production and community life of villages were lost. (xiv) Women are born free and remain equal to in rights. CHAPTER 14. SOCIAL PROTEST MOVEMENTS 235

CHAPTER 14- SOCIAL PROTEST MOVEMENTS (xv) The working population agitated for the right to . (xvi) The right to vote was extended to some women in England in 1918 and to all adult women by . (xvii) In Political protest against the harsh working conditions in factories kept increasing. (xviii) Thousands of women joined the freedom movement and helped to shape the ideas of the . (xix) Luddism was being suppressed by the and the army. (xx) In , the Parliament passed two Combination Acts which made it illegal to ‘incite the people by speech or writing to hatred or contempt of the King, Constitution or Government’. Short Answer Type Questions 5. Answer the following questions in 3-4 sentences. (i) Write about the influence of the ideas of Marx and Engels in India. (ii) How is the Industrial revolution related to French Revolution? 236 CHAPTER 14. SOCIAL PROTEST MOVEMENTS

CHAPTER 14- SOCIAL PROTEST MOVEMENTS Long Answer Type Questions 6. Answer the following questions in 6-8 sentences. (i) Industrialization gave birth to new social groups. Support this statement. AS3-Information Skills 237 Short Answer Type Questions 7. Answer the following questions in 3-4 sentences. (i) Write some social movements which you know. CHAPTER 14. SOCIAL PROTEST MOVEMENTS

CHAPTER 14- SOCIAL PROTEST MOVEMENTS (ii) Read the following paragraph and answer the questions: The protest movement known as Luddism (1811–17) was led by the charismatic General Ned Ludd. Luddism was not only an assault on machines. Its participants demanded a minimum wage. They also wanted control over the labour of women and children. They demanded for work for those who had lost their jobs because of the coming of machinery. They also asked for the right to form trade unions so that they could legally present these demands. i. Who led Luddism? ii. What did the participants demand? iii. Why did they lose their jobs? iv. Why did they want the right to form trade unions? CHAPTER 14. SOCIAL PROTEST MOVEMENTS 238

CHAPTER 14- SOCIAL PROTEST MOVEMENTS AS5-Mapping Skills Long Answer Type Questions 8. Answer the following questions in 6-8 sentences. (i) Observe the following picture and write the message . CHAPTER 14. SOCIAL PROTEST MOVEMENTS 239

CHAPTER 14- SOCIAL PROTEST MOVEMENTS (ii) Observe the following picture and write the message. (iii) Locate the countries in the world map in which the industrial revolution took place. CHAPTER 14. SOCIAL PROTEST MOVEMENTS 240

CHAPTER 14- SOCIAL PROTEST MOVEMENTS AS6-Appreciation and Sensitivity Long Answer Type Questions 9. Answer the following questions in 6-8 sentences. (i) Narrate any social movement around you which is inspirational. CHAPTER 14. SOCIAL PROTEST MOVEMENTS 241

CHAPTER 14- SOCIAL PROTEST MOVEMENTS (ii) Can there be ways of improving technology without creating unemployment for workers? Objective Questions AS1-Conceptual Understanding 10. Choose the correct answer. (i) MN Roy, Bhagat Singh, Jawaharlal Nehru, etc. were enthusiastic . (A) Anarchists (B) Socialists (C) Capitalists (D) Communists (ii) Russian Communist Revolution in ______ was the source of great inspiration for Indian nationalists. (A) 1659 (B) 1657 (C) 1757 (D) 1667 CHAPTER 14. SOCIAL PROTEST MOVEMENTS 242

CHAPTER 14- SOCIAL PROTEST MOVEMENTS (iii) The French Revolution took place during . (A) 1785–91 (B) 1789 –94 (C)1779 –84 (D)1780 –89 (iv) The ideas of Marx and Engels made a great impact on radical thinkers and activists at the end of _____ century. (A) 16th (B) 17th (C) 19th (D) 15th (v) Parliament banned unauthorized public meetings of over persons. (A) 40 (B) 50 (C) 10 (D) 70 (vi) Saint- Simon of France who advocated for public control of __________through central planning. (A) Property (B) Money (C) Banks (D)None of the above (vii) The use their wealth and power to reinforce the dominance in society. (A) farmers (B) rich people (C) peasants (D) officers (viii) In which century did social reformers in India struggle to end practices like sati, killing of girl children at birth, enforced widowhood for life, etc.? (A) 19th (B) 20th (C) 18th (D) 17th CHAPTER 14. SOCIAL PROTEST MOVEMENTS 243

CHAPTER 14- SOCIAL PROTEST MOVEMENTS (ix) Babeuf and other radicals complained that the revolution had failed to fulfil the ideals of liberty, equality and . (A) strength (B) acceptance (C) fraternity (D)capital control (x) Luddism was started in . (A) 1811 (B) 1812 (C) 1810 (D) 1808 CHAPTER 14. SOCIAL PROTEST MOVEMENTS 244

15. COLONIALISM IN LATIN AMERICA, ASIA AND AFRICA SESSION 1 EXPANSION OF EUROPE AND EARLY COLONIALISM 1.1 Mind Map 1.2 Terminology 1. Colonialism: The practice by which a powerful country controls are other countries. 1.3 Improve Your Learning Conceptual Understanding Q1. ”Trade played a major role in the colonisation”. Do you agree? why ? [Refer to TB page 203 Q1] A. i. The contact between people and countries began to increase as traders travelled far and wide to buy exotic goods and sell them at high prices. ii. The traders usually purchased and sold goods in exchange for gold and silver, made huge profits. iii. The traders and governments of Western Europe realised the importance of trade. SESSION 1. EXPANSION OF EUROPE AND EARLY COLONIALISM 245

CHAPTER 15- COLONIALISM IN LATIN AMERICA, ASIA AND AFRICA iv. These desires of Western European people encouraged to discover new routes and also to have monopolistic–trade rights. They colonised a number of Asian and African countries. In this way trade play an important role in colonization. 1.4 Key Concepts i. Some 600 years ago the people of the world travelled on the backs of horses or camels or small boats and ships which only sailed along sea coasts. ii. The contact between people and countries began to increase as traders travelled far and wide to buy exotic goods and sell them at high prices. iii. Most of the trade route connecting Europe and Asia around 1400 were controlled by Muslim Kingdoms,especially the Ottoman Empire. SESSION 1. EXPANSION OF EUROPE AND EARLY COLONIALISM 246

SESSION 2 EUROPEAN COLONIES IN AMERICA AND LATIN AMERICA 2.1 Mind Map 2.2 Terminology 1. Latin America:– Consists of Mexico, middle American states and south America. 2. Ottoman Empire:– The Turkish Empire–ruled over Egypt, parts of south Eastern Europe. SESSION 2. EUROPEAN COLONIES IN AMERICA AND LATIN AMERICA 247

CHAPTER 15- COLONIALISM IN LATIN AMERICA, ASIA AND AFRICA 2.3 Key Concepts i. After Columbus the Spanish government sent several expeditions to conquer America to plunder it. ii. Cortez, a Spanish conqueror led an expedition to massacre the people and plunder Mexico. iii. Pizarro plundered and conquered Peru. iv. The English landed in North America and began to set up colonies of English farmers along the eastern coast. v. They needed servile labour to do the work, so began to transport large number of slaves. vi. The colonial system also placed a lot of control on colonial economy. vii. Between 1816 and 1826 most of the Latin American countries became independent. viii. Simon Bolivar led a revolutionary army which was supported freedom and democracy under the influence of French Revolutionary ideas. ix. This army liberated Venezuela and another revolutionary army led by San Martin liberated Chile, Peru and Argentina by 1817. x. Brazil was a colony of Portugal became independent in 1822. xi. By 1820s United States of America had emerged as a major economical and political power. xii. The President of USA James Munroe formulated the “Munroe Doctrine”. xiii. Britain had a powerful navy, which supported the Munroe Doctrine. SESSION 2. EUROPEAN COLONIES IN AMERICA AND LATIN AMERICA 248