MPL_G4_English_WB AK_All Terms

Module 1 Section Name What I Will Learn Dictation Word dictation Vocabulary Listen and answer Grammar Formal Writing Prefixes Common gender nouns Collective nouns Editing exercise Creative Writing Picture-based description *Note to teacher: Please do not dictate the sample answers provided for the Writing sections to the learners. They are meant to help learners generate ideas. Dictation Exercise 1.1: Word dictation 1) mistreated 2) rescue 3) fractured 6) frightened 4) special 5) leopard 9) environment 7) discussing 8) abandoned Module 1 1

Exercise 1.2: Listen and answer 1) What nickname was given to King Ashoka because of his wickedness? Ans. _T_h_e__n_ic__k_n_a_m__e__'C__h_a_n__d__A_s_h_o_k_a__' _w_a__s_g_i_v_e_n__t_o__th_e__k_i_n_g__b_e_c__a_u_s_e__o_f_h__is_w__ic__k_e_d_n__e_s_s_. ______ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 2) Which battle changed Ashoka’s life? Ans. _T_h_e__b_a_t_t_le__o_f_K__a_li_n_g_a__c__h_a_n_g__e_d__A_s_h_o__k_a_'_s _li_fe__. _________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 3) Which religion did Ashoka adopt? Ans. _A_s_h_o_k_a__a__d_o_p__te__d__th__e_r_e_l_ig__io_n__o_f_B__u_d_d__h_is_m__.___________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 4) What message did Ashoka embrace? Ans. _A_s_h_o_k_a__e__m__b_r_a_c_e__d_t_h_e__m__e_s_s_a_g__e_o__f_lo__v_e_,_p__e_a_c__e_a__n_d__k_in__d_n_e_s_s__th_a__t_B_u_d__d_h_a__t_a_u__g_h_t_.____ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 5) How did Ashoka address his people? Ans. _A_s_h_o_k_a__a__d_d__re_s_s_e_d__h_i_s_p__e_o_p_l_e__a_s_h__is_'_c_h_i_ld_r_e_n__'.________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ PR Vocabulary Q 3UHÀ[HV Prefixes are letters or groups of letters that are added at the beginning of a word to make a new word with a different meaning. Every prefix has its own meaning. Examples: ‡ re- means again ‡ im- means not 2

Prefixes can be used in the following cases. 1) to create a new word, with a new meaning 2) to create a new word with the opposite meaning of the original word or to turn a word into its negative form Examples: Base word Prefix + base word Type of meaning sure un + sure = unsure opposite in meaning / negative dis + respect = disrespect opposite in meaning / negative respect re + order = reorder order im + balance = imbalance new meaning in + complete = incomplete opposite in meaning / negative balance mis + use = misuse opposite in meaning / negative complete opposite in meaning / negative use Exercise 2.1: Complete the table by combining the base words with the correct SUHÀ[HV2QHLVGRQHIRU\\RX un- in- im- re- mis- dis- 1) fortune 1) misfortune New words 2) healthy 2) _u_n_h_e__a_lt_h_y______________________ 3) agree 4) patient 3) _d_is_a__g_re__e_______________________ 4) _im__p_a__ti_e_n_t______________________ 5) formal 5) _in_f_o_r_m__a_l_______________________ 6) _re__a_c_t__________________________ 6) act Module 1 3

([HUFLVH)LOOLQWKHEODQNVE\\FKRRVLQJDQGDGGLQJVXLWDEOHSUHÀ[HVWRWKHEDVH ZRUGVJLYHQLQEUDFNHWV2QHLVGRQHIRU\\RX un- dis- re- im- in- mis- 1) Razia was upset because of Mohan’s impolite (polite) behaviour. 2) The road was _______________u__n_e_v_e_n________________ (even). As a result, my mother fell down and hurt herself. 3) The teacher asked her students not to ______________m_i_s_b_e_h_a__v_e______________ (behave). 4) I enjoy reading but ________________d__is_li_k_e________________ (like) writing. 5) India became an _____________in_d__e_p_e__n_d_e__n_t____________ (dependent) country in 1947. 6) Did Roger ________________r_e_t_u_rn_________________ (turn) your pen? Grammar Nouns Read the passage and fill in the given table. It is a sunny Sunday. Aayat is sleeping in her cosy bed. The Sun is shining, and the birds are singing. Her mother calls out to her. Aayat jumps out of bed. She picks up her clothes and runs into the bathroom. Her brother, Asif, is waiting for her. Proper noun Common noun Gender Asif brother masculine mother feminine Aayat Sunday, Sun bed, birds, clothes, bathroom neuter 4

You have learnt about nouns in the previous classes. Let us revise the different types of nouns. Remember ‡ Common nouns are general names given to people, places, animals or things of the same kind. They do not begin with a capital letter. Examples: lady, hospital, cheetah, duster hospital ‡ Proper nounsDUHVSHFLÀFQDPHVJLYHQWRSHRSOHSODFHVDQLPDOVRU Tiggy things. They always begin with a capital letter. Examples: Enid Blyton, Amit, Nagpur, Tiggy Gender of nouns Nouns can also be sorted according to their gender. Masculine gender nouns: Feminine gender nouns: Neuter gender nouns: These are names for boys, These are names for These are nouns that name men and male animals. girls, women and female non-living things without animals. any gender. They are used for objects and places. Examples: son, uncle, Examples: daughter, aunt, They are also used to name nephew, prince, horse, niece, princess, mare, the months of the year and gander goose the days of the week. Examples: ruler, box, clothes, library, table, stone, truck, building, ocean, July, Monday Common gender nouns These refer to nouns that can be male or female. Examples: child, singer, coach, engineer, pilot, cousin, referee, parent child singer pilot Module 1 5

Exercise 3.1: Read the poem and identify the gender of the underlined nouns. Write 'M' for masculine, 'F' for feminine, 'C' for common and 'N' for neuter gender nouns in the FLUFOHVEHVLGHWKHZRUGV2QHLVGRQHIRU\\RX Baa, baa, black sheep, C Have you any wool? N Yes sir, yes sir, three bags N full! One for the master M One for the dame, And one for the little boy M Who lives down the lane! N ([HUFLVH6RUWWKHJLYHQQRXQVDFFRUGLQJWRWKHLUJHQGHU2QHLVGRQHIRU\\RX shepherdess cave stick emperor student bride Masculine Feminine emperor shepherdess, bride Neuter Common cave, stick student 6

Collective nouns Read the passage below. bunch of grapes Kriti’s father took her to her grandfather’s farm brood of hens last Thursday. A few students from her class also went along. For breakfast, her grandfather treated everyone to fresh bunches of bananas and grapes. Then, he took them around the farm. They saw a herd of cows, a flock of sheep, a brood of hens and a gaggle of geese. They also spotted an army of ants near an ant hill. flock of sheep gaggle of geese Do you know what the words in bold in the passage are? They are collective nouns. Collective nouns are words that refer to a group of people or things. Here are some more examples. Groups Collective noun Groups Collective noun soldiers, ants army bees hive sheep, birds flock flowers, fruits bunch ships fleet geese gaggle wolves, dogs pack brood class hens herd students cows, horses, buffaloes, cattle ([HUFLVH&RPSOHWHWKHVHQWHQFHVXVLQJWKHFRUUHFWFROOHFWLYHQRXQV2QHLVGRQH for you. fleet army pride family bouquet troupe 1) Jack wanted to meet my family. 2) I saw an _____________a_r_m_y_____________ of ants in my garden. Module 1 7

3) I gave my mother a ___________b_o__u_q_u_e__t__________ RIÁRZHUV 4) Kunal saw a ____________p__ri_d_e_____________ of lions on television. 5) The _____________fl_e_e_t_____________ of ships were moored at the shore. 6) The ____________tr_o_u__p_e____________ of dancers performed well. Exercise 3.4: Read the passage given below and underline the nouns. Then, answer WKHJLYHQTXHVWLRQV2QHLVGRQHIRU\\RX Arsha, Raj and Leena are good friends. They make a great team. They are polite to their parents and help the other little boys and girls in their school. They always share their books with one another. Recently, they donated a pile of books to the library. 1) Write a masculine proper noun from the passage. Ans. Raj 2) Write a collective noun from the passage. Ans. team, pile 3) Write a common gender noun from the passage. Ans. friends, parents 4) Write a feminine common noun from the passage. Ans. girls 5) Write the collective noun for 'books' from the passage. Ans. a pile of books 6) Write a neuter gender noun from the passage. Ans. school, books, library (Accept all valid responses.) 8

Formal Writing Editing exercise To learn how to write correctly, we must first be able to spot errors in writing. Here are a few points that we can follow to spot and correct errors in texts that we read. Punctuation and Does every sentence end Does every sentence start capital letters with a punctuation mark? with a capital letter? Do all proper nouns start Have commas been used with capital letters? correctly? Spelling Highlight the words that you Are the plural forms of Sentence construction feel are incorrectly spelt. words spelt correctly? Check for subject-verb agreement. The passage given below has spelling, punctuation, capitalisation and grammatical errors. Highlight the errors with a colour pencil. Then, check the answers given at the bottom of the page. last weak! my grandmother made us a big meel for dinnir i ate so much that I taught my stomach wud burst. My sister spilled sum noodles in his wite dress we laughed so hard. I helped my sister wipe of the stain. I love it when granny make noodles. It makes me very happie, Last week, my grandmother made us a big meal for dinner. I ate so much that I thought my stomach would burst. My sister spilled some noodles on her white dress. We laughed so hard! I helped my sister wipe off the stain. I love it when Granny makes noodles. It makes me very happy. Module 1 9

Exercise 4: The passage given below has 15 spelling, punctuation, sentence formation and grammatical errors. Correct the errors and rewrite the passage in the space given. Go through the points given before editing the passage. Preeti ankush and Tara went two the store pet. Ankush brought a big bag off food for his cat whiskers? Preeti loked at a tank of fish and said, Oh, i wants one too. Tara fed sum parrots and played with them. Before leaving the store they went to play with the puppies! Preeti, Ankush and Tara went to the pet store. Ankush bought a big bag of food for his cat, Whiskers. Preeti looked at a tank of fish and said, 'Oh! I want one too.' Tara fed some parrots and played with them. Before leaving the store, they went to play with the puppies. Creative Writing Picture-based description ([HUFLVH2EVHUYHWKHJLYHQSLFWXUHDQGZULWHGRZQDIHZSRLQWVDERXWLW8VHWKHVH SRLQWVWRWKHQFRPSOHWHWKHGHVFULSWLRQRIWKHSLFWXUHE\\ÀOOLQJLQWKHJDSVLQWKH paragraph. 10

Hints: ‡ 'HVFULEHZKDW\\RXVHHLQWKHSLFWXUH ‡ +RZGR\\RXWKLQNWKHDQLPDOVIHHO\" ‡ ) LOOLQWKHJDSVZLWKUHDVRQVIRUZK\\\\RXWKLQNWKDWDQLPDOVVKRXOGQRWEHORFNHGXSLQ]RRV What is the name of the place in the Which animals do you see? picture? zebras, elephant, deer, giraffes, alligator, monkey A zoo What are the animals doing? How do you feel when you see them? zebras, giraffes, deer standing in closed I feel happy seeing so many animals at one place. But I feel sad seeing them spaces, monkey hanging away from their original homes. Module 1 11

This is __________a__z_o_o_______________. There are __________m__a_n__y_d__if_fe_r_e_n__t _a_n_d__b__e_a_u_t_if_u_l________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ animals in the picture. There is _________________a_n__e_l_e_p__h_a__n_t_____________________________ at the centre. There are two ____________g_i_ra__ff_e_s___________ and ___________fl_a_m__in__g_o_s__________ each. The flamingos are standing _______________________in__a__s_m_a__ll_s_tr_e_a__m__o_f_w__a_t_e_r_________________ ______________________. A monkey is ________h_a_n__g_in_g__u__p_s_id__e_d__o_w__n_f_r_o_m__a__t_r_e_e________________ ___________________________________________________________________. There are many people __________________________in__t_h_e__zo__o________________________. An alligator is _l_y_in_g__b__e_s_id_e_______ t_h_e__w__a_t_e_r_c__a_n_a__l __________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________. However, looking at this picture makes me sad. The animals look like _t_h_e__y_a__re__a_l_w__a_y_s_k_e__p_t_i_n_ _th__e_s_a__m_e__p__la_c__e__a_n_d__h_a__v_e__n_o_w__h_e_r_e__to__g__o__________________________________________________ ___________________________________. I think we should not lock animals up in zoos because _t_h_e_y__sh__o_u_ld__h_a__v_e__th__e_f_r_e_e_d_o__m__t_o______ m__o__v_e__a_r_o_u_n_d__i_n_t_h_e__w__il_d_________________________________________________________. Their lives should not be _s_p_e_n__t _lo_c__k_e_d__u_p__in__a__s_m__a_ll_s_p_a__c_e__b_e_c__a_u_s_e__o_f_u__s_h_u_m__a__n_b__e_in__g_s________________ _____________________________. Baby animals are sometimes removed from their families, when __________________w__e__t_ra_n__sp__o_r_t _t_h_e_m__t_o__z_o_o_s______________________________________. This also makes them sad and unhappy. Animals should be free too. Even if _____th_e__a__n_im__a_l_s_a_r_e__t_re_a__te__d__w_e__ll_in__z_o_o_s___________________ _________________________________________, they should not become _o_b__je_c__ts__o_f_p__u_b_li_c________ _e_n_t_e_r_ta__in_m__e__n_t____________________________________________________________________________. This is why ____I _th_i_n_k__th__a_t_a_n__im__a_l_s_s_h_o_u_l_d__n_o_t_b__e__k_e_p_t_i_n__zo__o_s__________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________. 12

Transcript for listen and answer Module 1 Listen to the life story of a changed emperor. Answer the questions given. Ashoka the Great was emperor of the Mauryan Dynasty who ruled the Indian subcontinent from 269 BC to 232 BC. Ashoka in his younger days is said to have had a massive temper and was also very wicked and cruel. He was also nicknamed Chand Ashoka which means 'Ashoka the Fierce' for having built a horrific torture chamber. The battle of Kalinga would be the one that would change his life forever. The people of Kalinga refused to bow down to Ashoka's rule; however, they could not defeat Ashoka's army. After his conquest, Ashoka, while walking through the grounds, was moved by the number of bodies and the wails of the families of the dead. He saw burnt houses and scattered corpses which made him sick. Ashoka adopted Buddhism soon after and embraced the message of love, peace and kindness that Buddha taught. He built thousands of stupas and viharas which can be seen even today. For the rest of his life, Ashoka pursued a policy of nonviolence (Ahimsa). Unnecessary slaughter of animals was abolished. Hunting was now limited. Ashoka also promoted the concept of vegetarianism. This change in him led to people calling him Dhammashoka, meaning Ashoka, the follower of Dharma (duty or proper behaviour). All his inscriptions show compassionate loving. He addressed all his people as his ‘children’. After 40 years of rule, at the age of 72, in 232 BC, Ashoka breathed his last.

Module 2 Section Name What I Will Learn Dictation Sentence dictation Vocabulary Listen and answer Grammar Antonyms Formal Writing Creative Writing Punctuation Message writing Diary entry Dictation Exercise 1.1: Sentence dictation 1) We took a leisurely walk in the orchard. 2) They played melancholy melodies. 3) The dying child uttered a cry of pain. 4) The thief broke the barrier and entered stealthily. 5) Always think joyous thoughts. Module 1 13

Exercise 1.2: Listen and answer [d] 1) What was the fee given by the swans for using the lake? [b] [c] a) golden rocks b) a golden coin [b] [a] c) five normal feathers d) golden feathers 2) What did the homeless bird plan to do? a) go to a faraway land b) make the river its home c) compete with the other birds d) shoo away the other birds from the lake 3) Why did the golden swans refuse to give shelter to the homeless bird? a) The bird was new to the lake. b) The golden swans were jealous. c) It did not have golden feathers. d) They were afraid of the bird. 4) What did the homeless bird do after she was insulted by the swans? a) She cried. b) She went to the king with her complaint. c) She fought with the swans. d) She flew away and never came back. 5) How did the king punish the golden swans? a) He ordered them to leave the river. b) He killed all of them. c) He asked them to apologise. d) He made them servants to the homeless bird. 14

PR Vocabulary Q Antonyms Exercise 2.1: Complete the crossword puzzle with the antonyms of the words given in the clues. You can also use the pictures as hints. 1u g l 2b u s y o 3s w e e t ht a o m 4c h i ld l o w Clues: Down Across 1) an antonym of ‘beautiful’ 2) an antonym of ‘idle’ 2) an antonym of ‘top’ 3) an antonym of ‘bitter’ 3) an antonym of ‘deep’ 4) an antonym of ‘adult’ Exercise 2.2: Fill in the blanks with the antonyms of the words given in brackets. Then, colour the symbols next to the correct options. One is done for you. 1) It is very warm here. (cool) cold warm sleepy Module 2 15

2) Please meet me __________b_e__fo__re___________ dinner. (after) during at before 3) _________C__o_m__e____________ to my room. (go) Come Going Look 4) This dress is very _______e_x_p_e__n_s_iv_e___________. (cheap) light cold expensive 5) He came ___________f_ir_s_t____________ in the race. (last) middle first home 6) He travels by bus ________a_l_w_a__y_s____________. (never) today always sometimes Grammar Punctuation Rohan received an e-mail from his pen friend in Trivandrum. He opened the mail in excitement. Here is the e-mail. hi rohan, how are you i want to invite you to the onam celebrations at my house onam is an important harvest festival it is celebrated for ten days yippe i am so excited to think that you may join us for onam this year do tell me about your plans waiting eagerly to hear from you, rajam The e-mail completely puzzled Rohan. Rajam had written it in a hurry. He had missed adding commas, question marks and full stops in all the required places. He had also not used capital letters where needed. 16

Insert the correct punctuation marks and capital letters. Rewrite the e-mail so that Rohan can understand the message easily. Hi Rohan, How are you? I want to invite you to the Onam celebrations at my house. Onam is an important harvest festival. It is celebrated for ten days. Yippe! I am so excited to think that you may join us for Onam this year. Do tell me about your plans. Waiting eagerly to hear from you. Rajam Punctuation marks are the traffic signals of writing. They help us to pause, stop and start our sentences. They are symbols that make a written message clearer and reduce miscommunication. They are used to structure and organise writing. Let us now revise the punctuation marks that we have learnt till now. full stop I am placed at the end of a sentence or statement. Example: I will travel tomorrow. It is too late to travel today. comma ‡ ,DPXVHGWRVHSDUDWHWKUHHRUPRUHZRUGVRULWHPV in a list. Example: He bought vegetables, milk, fruits and cheese from the market. ‡ ,DPXVHGWRVHSDUDWHWKHSHUVRQDGGUHVVHGIURP the rest of the sentence. Example: Rohan, sit down. Module 2 17

question mark I am placed at the end of a question. exclamation mark Example: Where are we going? ‡ ,DPSODFHGDWWKHHQGRIVHQWHQFHVWKDWVKRZ emotions (happiness, excitement, frustration or anger). Example: What a beautiful beach! ‡ I am placed after interjections. An interjection is used to express a sudden burst of feeling or emotion. (Alas!, Hurray!, Wow!) Example: Wow! This room is so big. Some words always start with a capital letter. Remember the acronym M.I.N.T.S. for the correct usage of capital letters. Acronym Examples M : months, names of days ‡ 0\\ELUWKGD\\LVLQSeptember. ‡ ,JRWRFKXUFKRQ Sundays. ‡ I bought a new pencil. I : the word ‘I’ ‡ She can eat my food because I am not hungry. N : names of people, states, cities ‡ 0\\IULHQGSandeep lives in Kochi, Kerala. and countries—proper nouns ‡ ,SODQWRYLVLWNorway next month. T : titles of books and movies ‡ ,DPJRLQJWRZDWFKTitanic tonight. ‡ 0\\IDYRXULWHERRNLVBlack Beauty. S : start of sentences ‡ I have a new friend. Her name is Fatima. 18

Exercise 3.1: Rewrite the following sentences by using capital letters wherever required. One is done for you. 1) peter pan is one of the most popular children’s stories. Ans. Peter Pan is one of the most popular children’s stories. 2) ambika is reading a book titled alice in wonderland. Ans. Ambika is reading a book titled Alice in Wonderland. 3) ronaldo is a great footballer. Ans. Ronaldo is a great footballer. 4) Disney’s new movie frozen releases this friday. Ans. Disney's new movie Frozen releases this Friday. 5) the movie midnight’s children is based on a book by Salman Rushdie. Ans. The movie Midnight's Children is based on a book by Salman Rushdie. 6) 'The Little Mermaid' is a story by hans christian anderson. Ans. 'The Little Mermaid' is a story by Hans Christian Anderson. Exercise 3.2: Read the following conversation between two friends. Fill in the blanks with the correct punctuation marks. One is done for you. Krish Hey, Josh! Josh Hi, Krish! Krish Are you going to Riya's birthday party__?__ Module 2 19

Josh Of course, I’m very excited__!__ Krish Josh Are you going with someone__?__ Krish Yes, I’m going with Arjun__,__ Kevin and Bipasha. Do you want to come with us? All right. I will come with you__.__ Exercise 3.3: Underline the places with incorrect or missing punctuation marks in the given paragraph. Also, point out where capital letters have not been used correctly. My favourite pastime is reading books? The authors that I like to read are Roald Dahl. JK Rowling and ruskin Bond. The day my summer holidays began, i found a brown package under my bed. yipee, My mother had gifted me my favourite detective series for the vacation. Can you think and tell me what your favourite pastime is. Now, rewrite the paragraph by correctly using punctuation marks and capital letters. One sentence is done for you. Ans. My favourite pastime is reading books. The authors that I like to read are Roald Dahl, JK Rowling and Ruskin Bond. The day my summer holidays began, I found a brown package under my bed. Yipee! My mother had gifted me my favourite detective series for the vacation. Can you think and tell me what your favourite pastime is? 20

Apostrophe for singular possession The apostrophe is also used to show belonging or possession (that something belongs to someone). We use the apostrophe with the letter ‘s’ to show belonging. Examples: ‡ 7KLVLV+DULVMDFNHW incorrect ‡ 7KLVLV+DUL’s jacket. correct The apostrophe has been used to show that the jacket belongs to Hari. There are two main rules for adding the apostrophe to show singular possession. Let’s understand them. Rule 1 : If the noun is singular, add the apostrophe + ‘s’. Example : the tail of a dog = the dog’s tail Rule 2 : If the noun is singular and ends in ‘-s’, still add the apostrophe + ‘s’. Example : the wheel of the bus = the bus’s wheel Look at the table below for more examples. singular nouns ‡ 0\\SHQ’s lid is missing. singular nouns ending in ‘-s’ ‡ 7HOOPHDQHOHSKDQW’s story. ‡ 7KDWFDFWXV’s leaves are thick and spiny. ‡ 7KLVLVP\\ERVV’s cabin. Apostrophe with possessive pronouns Sometimes, we may get confused between contractions and possessive pronouns. Remember that possessive pronouns do not need the apostrophe. Module 2 21

Examples: Possessive pronouns Correct usage Incorrect usage Correct usage Incorrect usage 9yours 8your’s 9theirs 8their’s 9hers 8her’s 9mine 8mine’s 9its 8it’s 9ours 8ours’ or our’s Difference between plurals and possessive pronouns Remember ‡ 7KHplural form of a word shows that there is ‘more than one’ of something.  ([DPSOH ‡ 7KHteachers came to school early. ‡ $SRVVHVVLYHQRXQRUSURQRXQVD\\V¶ZKRRUZKDWRZQVRUKDVVRPHWKLQJ·  ([DPSOH ‡ 7KHteacher’s pen is on the table. ([HUFLVH&KRRVHWKHFRUUHFWRSWLRQIURPWKHEUDFNHWVWRÀOOLQWKHEODQNV2QHLV done for you. I have a big family. I live with my parents (parent’s/parents)and grandfather. My _______f_a_t_h_e_r_’_s_______ (father’s/fathers) brother and his _________s_o_n_s________ (son’s/sons) also live with us. I have a younger brother as well. His name is Kishore. His _______p__ra__n_k_s_______ (pranks/prank's) always amuse us. Kishore's closest friend is Adil. Kishore spends his weekends mostly at his _______f_ri_e_n_d__’s_______ (friend’s/friends) place. Our _______fa__m__ili_e_s_______ (families/family's) are also friends. 22

Formal Writing Message writing A message is a way to communicate or share your thoughts and feelings. Let us look at a few situations in which you can write messages. Messages to apologise Everybody makes mistakes sometimes, and it is important to apologise when we do so. A short apology message will make both you and the other person feel better. When you write a message of apology, say that you are sorry and also mention what you are sorry for. Here are some expressions you can use. 1) I am sorry for being late yesterday. 2) I apologise for forgetting to … 3) I am sorry I was rude to you. 4) I am sorry that my actions or words hurt you. Messages to express thanks We have often been in situations where we have needed people to help us. Writing a short message of thanks is a nice way to thank them for their help. Here are some useful expressions that you can use. 1) Thanks so much for… 2) Thanks a lot for… 3) Thank you, I really appreciate… 4) Thank you, I couldn’t have… without your help. Module 2 23

Messages to express sympathy Often, when people go through difficult situations, they feel lonely. They feel that nobody can understand their pain other than themselves. You can write a sympathetic message to let them know that you care about them. You can include the following sentences in your message. 1) I am saddened by your loss. 2) I am with you in this time of sorrow. 3) Words cannot express how sad this makes me feel. 4) Please know that my thoughts and best wishes are with you at this time. Your friend Rishab’s pet dog Leslie passed away last night. Leslie was with Rishab for 12 years. They were very close. Rishab is sad. Write a message to Rishab, sharing your sympathy for his loss. Sorry about your dog 26 October 2:00 p.m. Dear Rishab, I am sorry to hear the news of Leslie, passing away. I know that you were very close to her. She made you laugh even during difficult times. I cannot imagine how hard it must be for you right now. Try to think of the good memories that you and Leslie shared. I am here if you feel like talking. Take care Rishab. Love, Mehek 24

Exercise 4: Write a message to your aunt, thanking her for taking you to an art exhibition. Fill in the message with the help of the prompts given below. Thanks for the exhibition trip 1__7_A__u_g_u_s_t________ 4__:0_0__p_._m__. ________ Dear Aunty, I can’t tell you how happy _I _a_m__a__ft_e_r__v_is_it_in__g_t_h_e__a__rt_e__x_h_ib__it_io_n__t_h_a_t__y_o_u__to__o_k__m__e_f_o_r___ _________________________________________________________________________________. You know me so well and understand _m__y_i_n_t_e_re__s_t _in__a_r_t_p__ie_c__e_s_b__y_v_a__ri_o_u_s_a__rt_i_st_s_._____ _It_w__a_s__w_o__n_d_e__rf_u_l_t_o__se__e__a_ll_t_h_e__a_w__e_s_o_m__e__p_i_e_c_e__s_o_n__d__is_p_l_a_y__________________________. _T_h_a_n_k__y_o_u__s_o__m__u_c_h__________________________________ for taking me. You took a day off from work _j_u_s_t_t_o__ta__k_e_m__e__t_h_e_r_e________________________________________________ _____________________. ____________Y_o__u_a__re__t_h_e______________ best aunt in the world! Your loving niece, _R_e__s_h_m__a____________________ Creative Writing Diary entry A diary is a notebook in which one can write about things that happen in everyday life. We write diary entries to remember day-to-day things and to share our thoughts, feelings, hopes, disappointments and dreams. Module 2 25

Look at the following sample of a diary. Day and date Salutation/ Tuesday, 12 April Greeting Dear Diary, Contents I really had a great day today. I of the diary turned nine years old. I had my entry favourite cake: black forest. My best friend, Yasser, got me a big Diary entries jigsaw puzzle. I am waiting to are always open it and play with it! My other written in first friend, Nitya, made a beautiful person. wall hanging of a dog for me! She knows that I love dogs. My parents Use informal are planning a trip to Kerala this language. weekend so that we can celebrate my birthday. I am feeling so happy and loved! Puja Name 26

Exercise 5: Imagine you were given a chance to explore the world. Where would you go? What would you like to see? Write the details of the trip in your diary. Friday, 15 ________S_e_p__t_e_m__b_e_r_________ _D_e__a_r_D__ia_r_y___________________________, I was lucky enough to win a trip for two in a competition. So, Mummy and I went to ______________________t_h_e__c_a__p_it_a__l o__f_In__d_ia__,_N_e__w__D_e__lh_i________________________! We saw ________________________m_a__n_y__b_e_a__u_t_if_u_l _h_is_t_o_r_ic__a_l _m__o_n_u_m__e__n_t_s________________________ such as _______________________th__e_Q__u_t_a_b__M__i_n_a_r_a__n_d__H_u_m__a__y_u_n_’_s_t_o_m__b________________. Mummy and I also visited ______________________t_h_e__D_e__lh_i_Z_o_o_________________________ and went to a few popular restaurants in the city. The trip was ____v__e_ry__e_x_c__it_in_g__a__n_d___ _t_h_e_r_e__w__a_s_s_o__m__u_c_h__t_o__e_x_p_l_o_r_e______________________________________________________! Both Mummy and I learnt a lot. I wish we _______________c_o__u_ld__s_t_a_y__th_e__re__f_o_r_a__f_e_w______ _________________________ more days. But we had to return in ________tw__o__w__e_e_k_s_,______ ____a_s__m_y__s_c_h_o__o_l _w__a_s_r_e_o_p__e_n_i_n_g______________________________________________________. If we had some more time, _________I _w_o__u_ld__h_a__v_e__li_k_e_d__to__e__x_p_lo__re__t_h_e__c_i_ty__e_v_e__n_m__o__re_.__ I_f_e_l_t_s_a_d__w__h_e_n__I_h_a__d__to__c_o__m__e_b__a_c_k__h_o__m_e__a__ft_e_r_t_h_e__t_ri_p_______________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________. _S_h_r_ij_it_a__________________ Module 2 27

Transcript for listen and answer Module 2 Listen to this story and answer the questions. In a faraway kingdom, there was a river. This river was home to many golden swans. Every six months, the swans would leave golden feathers as a fee for using the lake. One day, a homeless bird saw the river. ‘The water in this river seems so cool and soothing. I will make my home here’, thought the bird. As soon as the bird settled down near the river, the golden swans noticed her. They came shouting. ‘This river belongs to us. We pay golden feathers to the King to use this river. You cannot live here.’ ‘I am homeless, brothers. I too will pay the rent. Please give me shelter’, the bird pleaded. ‘How will you pay the rent? You do not have golden feathers’, said the swans laughing. The humble bird pleaded many times. But the arrogant swans drove the bird away. ‘I will teach them a lesson!’ decided the humiliated bird. She went to the King and said, ‘O King! The swans in your river are impolite and unkind. I begged for shelter but they said that they had purchased the river with golden feathers.’ The King was angry and ordered his soldiers to bring the arrogant swans to his court. In no time, all the golden swans were brought to the King's court. You cannot decide who lives by the river. Leave the river at once or you all will be beheaded!’ shouted the King. The swans shivered with fear on hearing the King. They flew away never to return. The bird built her home near the river and lived there happily forever. The bird gave shelter to all other birds in the river.

Module 3 Section Name What I Will Learn Dictation Word dictation Vocabulary Listen and answer Grammar Compound words Formal Writing Singular and plural nouns Creative Writing Countable and uncountable nouns Friendly letter Character sketch Dictation Exercise 1.1: Word dictation 1) curiosity 2) questions 3) edge 4) creature 5) excited 6) kneeled 7) trouble 8) stretching 9) wrapped 2882

Exercise 1.2: Listen and answer 1) What are the names of the children in the story? Ans. T_h__e_n__a_m__e_s__o_f_t_h_e__c_h_i_ld_r_e_n__i_n_t_h_e__s_to__ry__a_r_e__J_u_s_ti_n__a_n_d__M__a_r_y_.____________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 2) According to Uncle Thomas, who haunts the lake? Ans. A__c_c__o_rd__in_g__t_o__U_n_c__le__T_h_o_m__a__s,_t_h_e__F_o__g_g_y__F_ig__u_re__h_a__u_n_t_s_t_h_e__la__k_e_.________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 3) Where had the fog settled? Ans. T_h__e_f_o_g__h_a__d__s_e_t_tl_e_d__o_v_e__r _th__e_l_a_k_e__. ___________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 4) What had Uncle Thomas packed for the children? Ans. U__n_c_l_e__Th__o_m__a_s__h_a_d__p_a__c_k_e_d__c__o_f_fe_e__a__n_d__p_a__st_r_ie_s__fo__r _th__e_c__h_il_d_r_e_n_._______________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 5) Was there really a ghostly creature that haunted the lake? Ans. N__o_,_t_h_e__re__w__a_s_n__o_r_e_a__l _g_h_o__st_ly__c_r_e_a__tu__re__t_h_a_t_h__a_u_n_t_e_d__t_h_e__l_a_k_e_._________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ PR Vocabulary Q Compound words A compound word is formed when two different += words are joined to make a new word. jelly fish jellyfish There are three forms of compound words. Module 3 29

Closed form Hyphenated form Open form The words are blended or mixed and written as a The words are simply joined The words are used together and single word. by a hyphen or hyphens. convey one idea or meaning. However, they are spelt as Examples: separate words. ‡ OLIHOHVV ‡ RXWGRRUV Examples: Examples: ‡ GD\\WRGD\\ ‡ ZRRGHQGROOV ‡ FXWRXWV ‡ JORYHSXSSHWV Exercise 2.1: Look at the picture clues given below. Pick out the words that make up the compound words shown in the pictures and write them down. One is done for you. light bee board ball skate foot house hive sea star fish shore 1) seashore 2) _fo__o_tb__a_l_l ________________________ 3) _lig__h_t_h_o_u_s_e_______________________ 4) _b_e_e__h_iv_e_________________________ 5) _st_a_r_f_is_h__________________________ 6) _sk_a__te__b_o_a__rd______________________ 30

Exercise 2.2: Tick the boxes that have compound words. Choose any two compound words and make a sentence each using them. 1) 2) 3) basketball 9 flower igloo 4) 5) 6) toothbrush 9 raindrops 9 paper Sentences: 1) _R_in_a__a__n_d__T_iy_a__p_l_a_y__b_a__sk_e__tb__a_ll_e__v_e_r_y_e__v_e_n_i_n_g_._________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 2) _I _c_a_n__h_e_a__r_t_h_e__ra__in_d__ro__p_s_f_a_l_l _o_n__th__e__ti_n_r_o_o__f _o_f_m__y__h_o_u__se__. ______________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ (Accept all valid responses.) Grammar Singular and plural nouns Read the passage given below. Underline the plural nouns. Write their singular forms in the given table. My friends and I got a few candies from our teachers. We ate it during recess. We ate our lunch and washed our dishes, spoons and glasses. While going home, we tied scarves around our necks. We visited some churches. We could hear echoes inside a few of these churches. Module 3 31

Plural Singular Plural Singular _______c_a_n__d_ie__s______ _______c__a_n_d__y_______ ______t_e_a__c_h_e_r_s______ _______te__a_c_h__e_r______ ________d_is_h_e__s_______ _________d_is_h_________ _______s_p_o__o_n_s_______ ________sp__o_o_n________ _______g__la_s_s_e_s_______ ________g__la_s_s________ _______s_c_a_r_v_e_s_______ ________s_c_a__rf________ ________n_e_c__k_s_______ ________n_e__c_k________ ______c_h__u_rc__h_e_s______ _______c_h__u_r_c_h_______ _______e_c__h_o_e_s_______ ________e_c__h_o________ __________–__________ __________–__________ Remember ‡ Regular plurals are formed by adding -s to the ends of words. Examples: car – cars, pen – pens ‡ Many plurals are formed in different ways and not just by adding -s to the ends of words. ¾ To form the plurals of words that end in -x, -o, -s, -ch, -sh and -ss, we add -es to the ends of the words. Examples: fox – foxes, hero – heroes, bus – buses, bunch – bunches, wish – wishes, address – addresses ¾ To form the plurals of words that end in -y, we change -y to -ies.   ([DPSOHVÁ\\²ÁLHVEXQQ\\²EXQQLHVEHUU\\²EHUULHV ¾ To form the plurals of words that end in -f or -fe, we change -f or -fe to -ve and then add -s. Examples: life – lives, wolf – wolves, self – selves For some exceptions, we add -s to form plurals for such words. Examples: chief – chiefs, roof – roofs More on plurals Here are a few nouns that do not change at all in the plural. You have to understand from the sentence whether one or many are being spoken about. Examples: There is a sheep in the field. 32

There are two sheep in the meadow. In the first sentence, ‘a’ sheep is spoken about. This means that there is only one sheep. Here, ‘sheep’ is singular. In the second sentence, there are ‘two’ sheep. Here, more than one sheep is mentioned. So, ‘sheep’ is a plural noun in the second sentence. Here are two more examples. There are three fish Eight deer are in the pond. grazing near the river. Exercise 3.1: Fill in the blanks with the correct plural forms from the options given in brackets. One is done for you. 1) People say that cats have nine lives. (lifes/lives) 2) I saw a few __________l_e_o_p__a_r_d_s__________ playing in the zoo. (leopard/leopards) 3) The ____________d_e_e__r__________ are sleeping. (deer/deers) 4) I grew two ___________i_n_c_h__e_s___________ taller over the summer holidays. (inches/inchs) 5) There are many good ___________li_b_r_a_r_ie_s___________ in the old city. (libraries/librarys) 6) Look at those ___________a_i_rc__ra__ft___________ in the sky. (aircraft/aircrafts) Exercise 3.2: Change the underlined singular nouns to plural. Make other changes to the sentences so that they are grammatically correct. One is done for you. 1) I saw a boy run behind the deer. Ans. I saw boys run behind the deer. Module 3 33

2) Sumit is planting a tree. Ans. Sumit is planting trees. 3) I took a photograph of the moose. Ans. I took photographs of the moose. 4) The member of the winning country will get a prize. Ans. The members of the winning countries will get prizes. 5) The thief was stealing a cargo of cars. Ans. The thieves were stealing cargoes of cars. 6) I attended the birthday party of my friend. Ans. I attended the birthday parties of my friends. Countable and uncountable nouns Look around your classroom. Can you name a few things (nouns) in the room that can be counted? Nouns that name things that we can count are called countable nouns. Examples: book (We can count the number of books.) ‡ DGRJWKUHHFDWVDQDQLPDORQHPDQ ‡ PDQ\\ERWWOHVDIHZER[HVVL[SHQV ‡ DWDEOHWKUHHFKDLUV one book three books 34

Remember ‡ : KHQDFRXQWDEOHQRXQLVVLQJXODUZHXVH¶D·¶DQ·¶WKH·RUWKHQXPEHU¶RQH·EHIRUHLW ‡ :KHQDFRXQWDEOHQRXQLVSOXUDOZHXVHZRUGVOLNH¶PDQ\\·¶DIHZ·RUQXPEHUVJUHDWHU than one (two, three and so on) before it. Now, can you think of things (nouns) that cannot be counted? Nouns that name things that cannot be counted are called uncountable nouns. For example, we cannot say ‘one milk’, ‘two milk’ or ‘three milk’. We can say ‘a milk bottle’, ‘two milk bottles’ or ‘three milk bottles’. Here, we are counting the bottles and not the milk. Here are some more examples of uncountable nouns. some milk two milk bottles ‡ ORWVRIORYHDORWRIKDSSLQHVVDOLWWOHELWRIVDGQHVV ‡ VRPHIXUQLWXUHRUOXJJDJHDORWRIKRPHZRUN ‡ DOLWWOHULFHRUVXJDUDORWRIZDWHUVRPHPLON Remember ‡ $OOXQFRXQWDEOHQRXQVDUHVLQJXODU7KHUHLVQRSOXUDOIRUPIRUWKHVHZRUGV ‡ :HXVHZRUGVOLNH¶VRPH·¶OLWWOH·¶DQ\\·RU¶PXFK·EHIRUHXQFRXQWDEOHQRXQVZKHQZH do not use any other unit. Module 3 35

Exercise 3.3: Look at the given pictures. Write ‘C’ if they are countable nouns. Write ‘U’ if they are uncountable nouns. One is done for you. 1) 2) 3) honey table rice U C U 4) 5) 6) cheese bird star U C C Exercise 3.4: Make the following uncountable nouns countable. One is done for you. 1) rice – two kilograms of rice 2) water – a glass of water 3) milk – a jug of milk 4) furniture – a piece of furniture 5) jam – a bottle of jam 6) salt – a teaspoon of salt (Accept all valid responses.) 36

Formal Writing Friendly letter We write friendly letters to our friends and family members. Read the given sample of a friendly letter carefully. See the different parts that a letter has and study the format. Salutation/Greeting +1R Your address Forest Colony You can use a Nagpur Date person’s first name. 2 June 2019 Introduction Body In the first Dear Soham, paragraph, explain This is the part why you are between the How are you? Hope you are writing. Use friendly introduction and the enjoying your basketball language. closing paragraph. camp. I have come to visit my This is where you grandparents for the summer, and Closing paragraph should talk about I am having a really good time. Ask a question or the main idea of the make a suggestion letter. My grandparents give me many so that the person gifts and let me eat all the things I can send a reply. Signature want! They also have farms where I play with the new friends I have Sign your name. made here. My mother helped How you sign off me take pictures of the fields; I shows how you feel will show them to you when I am about the person back. to whom you are writing. I wish you and Sneha could have come too. See you soon! Please teach me basketball when I get back! Lots of love, Peeyush Module 3 37

Exercise 4: Given below is the outline of a letter written by a boy, Suraj, to his cousin, Shalu, who lives in another country. He writes about the unity of his country and also writes about the various cultures and different languages of people in India. Fill in the gaps to complete the letter. Lane 33, Bhandari Nagar JP Nagar Bengaluru 2__9_J_a__n_u_a_r_y__2_0_1_9_________ Dear Shalu, How ______________h_a__v_e__y_o_u__b_e_e__n__________________? I have been waiting to finish my school project on ‘India, the Land of Unity in Diversity’ to write to you about it. The project showed how the people of India _____________________________liv_e__i_n_p__e_a__c_e__a_n_d__h_a__rm__o__n_y_____________ __________________________________________ though they speak different languages and have ____d__if_fe__re__n_t_c_u__lt_u_re__s_______________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________. Do you know that there are _____W_Z_H__Q_W_\\_Q__LQ_H__________ ______________________ states and seven _________u__n_io__n_t_e_r_r_it_o_r_ie_s__in__In_d__ia____________________? Yet, people unite in the name of _______________th_e__c__o_u_n__tr_y__________________________________. Our cricket, hockey and other sports teams have __p_e__o_p_l_e_f_r_o_m__d__if_fe__re__n_t_p_a__rt_s_o__f_In__d_ia_______ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ who play together for ___________________t_h_e__c_o_u_n__tr_y_______________________________________. People celebrate ______________f_e_s_ti_v_a_l_s_t_o_g_e__th_e__r_________________________________ and share __________e_a__c_h__o_t_h_e_r_’_s_jo__y_______________________________________ happily. I am very proud of _o_u__r _c_o_u__n_tr_y__a_n_d__t_h_e__p_e__o_p_l_e__w_h_o__l_iv_e__h_e__re__in__p__e_a_c__e_a__n_d__h_a_r_m__o_n_y___________. I wish you could ___________v_i_s_it_I_n_d_i_a____________________ during Christmas. My neighbour, Susan Aunty, makes _______________y_u_m__m__y_c__a_k_e_s__a_n_d__b__is_c_u_i_ts__________________ for all of us at that time. I told you, ______________________t_h_a_t_’_s_h_o__w__w__e_d__o__it__________________ in India. We celebrate together! Do write and let me know _______________________w__h_e__n_y_o__u__p_la__n_t_o__v_i_si_t_In__d_ia________________. With warm regards, Suraj 38

Creative Writing Character sketch A character sketch informs you about a person in detail—how they talk, look, act and think. Read the character sketch of Milan. 0LODQLVDWZHOYH\\HDUROGER\\ZKROLYHVLQDWLQ\\YLOODJHLQ6KLPOD+HKDVFXUO\\EURZQKDLU and looks as thin as a skeleton. Milan has brown eyes and a loud voice. He talks very fast and is always happy and excited. Milan usually wears comfortable shorts with loose and FRORXUIXO7VKLUWV Milan is a caring and gentle boy. He loves animals, and they make him very happy. He is very good with dogs. He wants to become a vet when he grows up. So, he studies hard. His favourite subject is science. Milan loves to play hockey and does it regularly. However, he has the bad habit of leaving his hockey stick on the floor. Exercise 5: Write a character sketch of a friend of yours. Use the given points and questions. You can also draw your friend's picture in the given space. Think about your friend in Explain how you met them. detail. What do you like or dislike about them? Module 3 39

How do they talk? What colour are their eyes? Do they behave in a physical How is their hair? certain manner? qualities How is their voice? What types of clothes and shoes do they like? What are they good What habits do they at? have? What makes them internal What kind of sports or happy? qualities music do they like? What makes them What subjects do they sad? enjoy in school? You don’t have to follow the exact order given above, but the character sketch should contain most of the points mentioned. 40

,QD\\DWLVDIRXUWHHQ\\HDUROGJLUOZKRKDVVKRUWEURZQKDLU6KHLVYHU\\WDOODQGWKLQ6KHORYHV to play football. On Sunday mornings, you will find her playing football in the school grounds. She is very soft spoken and calm but when it comes to playing football she likes to win. Inayat loves animals. She has adopted five stray dogs. She takes very good care of them. It makes Inayat very sad when she sees animals in pain. In her free time, Inayat loves to read. You can always find her sitting in a corner of a room, with her head buried in a book. Her room is always messy with books scattered all around. She does not like it when somebody disturbs her when she is reading. Inayat is a good friend, who is always ready to help others. Module 3 41

Transcript for listen and answer Module 3 Listen to this scary story and answer the questions. Justin and Mary woke up early. The night before, Uncle Thomas told them about the Foggy Figure that haunts the lake. Justin and Mary were determined to see the ghostly creature before their vacation was over. ‘Is it foggy outside?’ Mary asked, as Justin peered out the window. ‘Yup! Let's go.’ The fog had settled over the lake, making it impossible to see anything. ‘You want to go out on the water?’ Justin asked. Mary looked around, trying to find Uncle Thomas's boat, but the fog was too thick. Justin crept toward the end of the dock. He could barely see the outline of the boat. ‘I'll go first.’ He carefully lowered himself into the boat and then reached for Mary's hand. Mary climbed into the boat and sat beside him. She was getting nervous now that they were on the water. ‘See anything?’ They looked around, and gradually, the fog began to lift. Mary turned around and screamed. ‘The foggy figure!’ It was in the boat with them! Justin and Mary hugged each other in fear. But then they heard a laugh. Justin leaned toward the Foggy Figure. ‘Uncle Thomas?’ ‘I knew that story would get you two out of bed early enough to take a boat ride with me. What do you say? I packed a breakfast for us’, said Uncle Thomas. Mary smiled. She had smelled coffee earlier. And Uncle Thomas had packed coffee and pastries for them. ‘Let's do it’, Mary and Justin said.

Module 4 Section Name What I Will Learn Dictation Sentence dictation Vocabulary Listen and answer Grammar Synonyms Formal Writing Creative Writing Pronouns Formal letter Story writing Dictation Exercise 1.1: Sentence dictation 1) The teacher sternly scolded me when I interrupted her. 2) The mangoes were juicy and delicious. 3) We harvest the stalks of the rice plant. 4) The astonished man neither laughed nor grinned. 5) The bright sunshine made everything look beautiful. 4224

Exercise 1.2: Listen and answer 1) How are feathers arranged on penguins’ bodies? [d] [c] a) in a circular pattern b) in rows [a] [d] c) in columns d) without any pattern [b] 2) How long can penguins be in the sea? a) seven days b) 15 days c) months d) two days 3) What is a penguin’s source of food? a) fish b) leaves c) meat d) shrimp 4) What is the main difference between penguins and other birds? a) their colour b) ability to walk c) ability to swim d) solid bones 5) How are penguins’ feet? a) webbed feet b) flippers, not feet c) flat feet with toes d) scaly feet with claws RP Vocabulary Q Synonyms Synonyms are words or phrases that mean the same or nearly the same. Exercise 2.1: Write a synonym for each of the words underlined in the sentences. Use a dictionary if required. One is done for you. (Accept all valid responses.) 1) Our school team won the cricket match with ease. – comfort 2) This book is amazing. – _w_o__n_d_e__rf_u_l,_d__e_l_ig_h__tf_u_l__________ 3) The weather was pleasant in the morning. – _re__fr_e_s_h_in__g_,_n_i_c_e________________ 4) Assisting people in need is a good deed. – _h_e_l_p_in__g_,_g_u__id_i_n_g_______________ 5) I was eager to go to school the next day. – _e_x_c_i_te__d_,_e_n__th_u__si_a_s_t_ic___________ 6) I am afraid to enter that dark room. – _sc__a_r_e_d_,_f_r_ig_h__te__n_e_d_____________ Module 4 43

Exercise 2.2: Match the words with their correct synonyms. Synonyms Words 1) wealthy a) truthful 2) mighty b) answer 3) honest c) huge 4) intelligent d) strong 5) enormous e) rich 6) respond f) smart Grammar Pronouns Read the paragraph given below. Underline the pronouns and choose their types from the given boxes. When Anya came into the classroom, she thought to herself, ‘Is there a test today? Why did Sheetal not tell me about it?’ Anya sat down next to Vishal and prepared for the test with him. Anya had Vishal’s blue pen. She returned the pen to him. subject pronoun object pronoun reflexive pronoun she me, it, him herself 44

5HPHPEHU ‡ 3URQRXQV are words that take the place of nouns. ‡ 6 XEMHFWSURQRXQV perform the action in a sentence. (I, we, you, he, she, it, they) Example: I am a singer. ‡ 2 EMHFWSURQRXQV receive the action in a sentence. (me, us, you, him, her, it, them) Example: Give that cup to me. ‡ 5 HÁH[LYHSURQRXQV are used when we refer to the subject of the sentence again. In other words, these pronouns are used when the object of a sentence is the same as its subject. ,QDUHÁH[LYHSURQRXQWKHVXEMHFWUHFHLYHVWKHDFWLRQ:KHQUHÁH[LYHSURQRXQVDUHXVHG to put emphasis on the subject, they are called emphatic pronouns. (myself, yourself/ yourselves, himself, herself, themselves, itself, ourselves) Examples: ‡5DPL] gifted himself a sweater. ‡ WeÀQLVKHGWKHSURMHFWE\\ourselves. Exercise 3.1: Underline the pronouns in the sentences. Write 'SP' for subject pronouns, 23 IRUREMHFWSURQRXQVDQG 53 IRUUHÁH[LYHSURQRXQV2QHLVGRQHIRU\\RX 1) She is a good singer. __S_P__ 2) Rahul was waiting for me. __O_P__ 4) I cooked a delicious meal. __S_P__ 3) Lily cooked by herself. __R_P__ 6) The big dog belongs to him. __O_P__ 5) Joy bought himself a new book. __R_P__ Possessive pronouns — whose is it? Read the following sentences. These books are mine. This class is ours. The dog is his. That cycle is hers. The pretty parcel is yours. That house is theirs. The words in bold are possessive pronouns. They tell us that something belongs to someone. They show belonging. Module 4 45

Here is a list of subject pronouns and the related possessive pronouns. Subject pronoun Possessive Subject pronoun Possessive I pronoun he pronoun mine his we ours she hers you yours it its – – they theirs Exercise 3.2: Complete the sentences using possessive pronouns 'mine', 'yours', 'ours', 'his', 'hers', 'its' and 'theirs'. One is done for you. 1) That is your dog. That dog is yours. 2) This is our house. The house is _________o_u_r_s_________. 3) These rabbits belong to her. These rabbits are _______h__e_rs________. 4) That is my bus. The bus is _______m__in_e___________. 5) Those are his toys. Those toys are __________h_is__________. 6) That car belongs to them. It is ________t_h_e_i_rs_________. Exercise 3.3: Fill in the blanks with the types of pronouns given in brackets. One is done for you. 1) What is she doing in the park? (subject pronoun) 2) The doctor gave medicines to ____________h_e__r/_t_h_e_m_____________. (object pronoun) (Accept all valid responses.) 3) This is an apple. It is _______________m__in_e________________. (possessive pronoun) 4) This is your task, Chris. Can you complete it by ______________y_o_u_r_s_e_l_f _____________? (reflexive pronoun) 5) This pen is _______________t_h_e_ir_s_______________. Please return it to them. (possessive pronoun) 6) They hid ____________t_h_e_m__s_e_l_v_e_s____________ inside the castle. (reflexive pronoun) 46

Exercise 3.4: The following paragraph has six incorrect pronounV 5HZULWH WKH paragraph using the correct pronouns. One is done for you. Rani was excited. He was going to a concert. She would be going with her friends, Ira and Rishi. She was happy to be going with they. Rani dressed itself in new clothes before the concert. She also wore a new watch. We had a brown strap and a square dial. Rani asked her brother to give her the bag that he had borrowed. The bag was its, and she wanted to carry a few things in it. Rani and her friends reached the correct location and asked for directions to the concert hall. ‘That is the hall where the concert will be held. They is at the end of this corridor’, said a lady. Ans. Rani was excited. She was going to a concert. She would be going with her friends, Ira and Rishi. She was happy to be going with them. Rani dressed herself in new clothes before the concert. She also wore a new watch. It had a brown strap and a square dial. Rani asked her brother to give her the bag that he had borrowed. The bag was hers, and she wanted to carry a few things in it. Rani and her friends reached the correct location and asked for directions to the concert hall. ‘That is the hall where the concert will be held. It is at the end of this corridor’, said a lady. Module 4 47