51704118_BGM_Passport-G1 Mathematics Textbook Class 1_Text

MATHEMATICS TEXTBOOK Class 1 Name: ___________________________________ Section: ________________ Roll No.: _________ School: __________________________________

Preface IMAX partners with schools, supporting them with learning materials and processes that are all crafted to work together as an interconnected system to drive learning. IMAX presents the latest version of the Passport series – updated and revised after considering the perceptive feedback and comments shared by our experienced reviewers and users. Designed specifically for CBSE schools, the Passport series endeavours to be faithful to the spirit of the National Curriculum Framework (NCF) 2005. Therefore, our books strive to ensure inclusiveness in terms of gender and diversity in representation, catering to the heterogeneous Indian classroom. The aim of the NCF 2005 regarding Mathematics teaching is to develop the abilities of a student to think and reason mathematically, pursue assumptions to their logical conclusion and handle abstraction. The Passport Mathematics textbooks and workbooks for CBSE schools offer the following features:  Structured as per Bloom’s taxonomy to help organise the learning process according to the different levels involved  S tudent engagement through simple, age-appropriate language  Supported learning through visually appealing images, especially for grades 1 and 2  Increasing rigour in sub-questions for every question in order to scaffold learning for students  Word problems based on real-life scenarios, which help students to relate Mathematics to their everyday experiences  Mental Maths to inculcate level-appropriate mental calculation skills  Stepwise breakdown of solutions to provide an easier premise for learning of problem-solving skills Overall, the IMAX Passport Mathematics textbooks, workbooks and teacher companion books aim to enhance logical reasoning and critical thinking skills that are at the heart of Mathematics teaching and learning.  – The Authors

I Will Learn About I Recall Contains the list of learning objectives to be covered in the Discusses the prerequisite chapter knowledge for the concept from the previous academic I Think year/chapter/concept/term Introduces the concept and arouses curiosity among students I Remember and Understand Train My Brain Explains the elements in detail that Checks for learning to gauge the form the basis of the concept Ensures understanding level of students, that students are engaged in learning testing both skill and knowledge throughout Pin-up Note Contains key retention points concerning the concept I Apply I Explore (H.O.T.S.) Connects the concept to Encourages students to extend real-life situations by enabling the concept learnt to advanced students to apply what has been scenarios learnt through the practice questions Connect the Dots Maths Munchies A multidisciplinary section that Aims at improving speed of connects a particular topic to calculation and problem solving other subjects in order to enable with interesting facts, tips or tricks students to relate better to it Drill Time A Note to Parent Additional practice questions at Engages a parent in the the end of every chapter out-of-classroom learning of their child and conducting activities to reinforce the learnt concepts

Contents Class 1 1 Shapes 1.1 Understand Spatial Words���������������������������������������������������� 1 2 Patterns 2.1 Patterns in Surrounding������������������������������������������������������� 13 3 Numbers 73.1 Count in Ones and Tens������������������������������������������������������ 24 03.2 Compare 2-digit Numbers������������������������������������������������� 34 1 +-4 Addition 3 4.1 A dd 1-digit and 2-digit Numbers��������������������������������������� 42 46 x4.2  Add Two 1-digit Numbers Mentally����������������������������������� 50 95 5 Subtraction 8 25.1  Subtract 1-digit and 2-digit Numbers�������������������������������� 59 6 Time 6.1 Earlier and Later������������������������������������������������������������������� 69 6.2  Long and Short��������������������������������������������������������������������� 75 7 Money 7.1  Identify Common Currency Notes and Coins������������������ 84 7.2  Put Together Small Amounts of Money����������������������������� 89 8 Measurements 8.1  Measure Short Lengths Using Non-Standard Units����������� 96 8.2 C ompare Heavy and Light Objects�������������������������������� 102 9 Data Handling 9.1  Collect, Represent and Interpret Data���������������������������� 114

Chapter Shapes 1 I Will Learn About • basic flat and solid figures. • corners and sides of objects/ figures. • outlines of the bases of the objects. Concept 1.1: Understand Spatial Words I Think Bantei has a glass, a book, a die and a birthday hat. He drew the outlines of their bases. He has three shapes as shown. Do you know what these shapes are called? 1

1.1 I Recall Look at the positions of the cat with respect to the ball in these pictures. on under above below far near 2

in front of behind inside outside Look at the picture given below. The mouse, the cat and the woollen ball are in a line. The mouse is before the cat. The cat is between the mouse and the woollen ball. The woollen ball is after the cat. Shapes 3

L et us recall the concept of position. Choose the correct word to fill the blanks. One is done for you. a) The jug is on the table. (on/in) b) The ball is ___________________ the box. (outside/inside) c) The butterfly is ____________________ the dog. (above/under) d) The cat is ____________________ the table. (above/under) e) The dog is ____________________ the table. (far away from/near) f) The teddy bear is _____________________ the jug. (behind/in front of) 1.1 I Remember and Understand Figures such as triangle, square, rectangle and Let us learn about shapes through an example. circle are called flat Example 1: Join the dots in order and name the figures. shapes formed. 4

a) b) c) d) Solution: a) Triangle b) Square c) Rectangle d) Circle Object Let us learn more about flat figures. Study the following table. Flat figure Features Corner • 3 sides Side • 3 corners Corner • 4 equal sides Side • 4 corners Corner • 4 sides Side • 4 corners • Opposite sides are equal Shapes 5

Flat figure Features Object • No sides • No corners Example 2: Write the number of corners of the given figures. One is done for you. Figure Number of corners 3 Train My Brain How many sides and corners does each of the following objects have? a) b) c) 6

1.1 I Apply Objects such as (cube), (cuboid), (cone) and (sphere) are called solid objects. Their figures drawn using straight or curved lines are called solid figures. Observe the solid figure shown here. Cube Cuboid Cone Cylinder Sphere Example 3: Some objects are given here. Draw and name the outlines of their bases. Object Outline of the base Circle Triangle Rectangle Circle Square Shapes 7

1.1 I Explore (H.O.T.S.) Let us try to identify the different solids through an example. Example 4: Observe the given picture and answer the questions that follow. a) How many cubes are there? Colour them blue. b) H ow many cuboids are there? Colour them red. c) How many cones are there? Colour them yellow. d) Name the solid figure shown: Colour them brown. e) How many are there in the given picture? Colour them green. c) 2 d) Cylinder e) 2 Solution: a) 3 b) 4 8

Maths Munchies 213 Collect 10 things from your home. Draw the outlines of their bases. Write the names of the objects. Also, write the names of the shapes of their bases. Connect the Dots English Fun Letters such as ‘A’ and ‘V’ of the English alphabet look like triangles. Letters such as ‘O’ and ‘Q’ look like circles. Can you make a rectangle by using the letter ‘L’? What other shapes can you make using the letters of the English alphabet? AVOQL EVS Fun Shapes are all around us. What do our arms look like? Our arms look like cylinders. What is the shape of our eyeballs? Our eyeballs look like spheres. What is the shape of the Earth? Shapes 9

Drill Time Concept 1.1: Understand Spatial Words 1) Where is the dragon with respect to the box in the given pictures? a) b) c) d) e) f) 2) Complete the following table. Object Name of the solid Object Name of the solid figure figure 10

Drill Time 3) Circle the words that tell the position of the cat with respect to the ball. One is done for you. h y pmy z d x i c z c j y f l gmh i k x eqbe l own a b o v e wm s x f f ebp t d j g s r e h o y wp z l mo m i nmew j f z n on z pegqc k t ed l unde r do h t r h j ad t a f 4) Complete the following table. Object Shape of the base Name of the figure formed Shapes 11

Drill Time Object Shape of the base Name of the figure formed A Note to Parent Show your child some objects in your house. For example, television, ball, mobile, wall clock and so on. Ask him or her to identify their shapes. 12

Chapter Patterns 2 I Will Learn About • patterns in shapes. • patterns in numbers. Concept 2.1: Patterns in Surrounding I Think Bantei found paper cuttings of different shapes and sizes. He arranged the pieces in different ways and made many designs. Do you know how to make a design? 2.1 I Recall We see many things around us. They all have different sizes, shapes and colours. 13

Recall the flat and solid shapes that we have already learnt. Different shapes are given in this table. Write their names. One is done for you. Figure Name Example Triangle 14

Figure Name Example 2.1 I Remember and Understand Observe the following pictures. a) b) c) Repetition of basic shapes is d) called a pattern. From the given pictures, we observe that: a) same shapes of different sizes and colours are arranged alternately. b) different shapes of different colours are arranged alternately. Patterns 15

c) same shapes of the same size but of two different colours are arranged as a group. In all these, we observe that the groups repeat many times. Let us see a few examples of patterns. Example 1: Observe the colours of the balloons and complete the pattern. Solution: There are balloons of two colours: pink and purple. They are arranged alternately. So, the pattern formed by these balloons is shown below. Example 2: Complete the following patterns. One is done for you. a) b) c) d) 16

Try this! Colour the given pictures according to the pattern. a) b) c) Train My Brain Complete the following patterns. a) b) c) Patterns 17

2.1 I Apply Let us now see some more patterns. Example 3: Tick the picture that comes next in these patterns. One is done for you. Pattern Next picture  18

Example 4: Circle the figure that does not belong to each of the patterns given. One is done for you. a) b) c) d) Patterns can also be seen in numbers as shown. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 2.1 I Explore (H.O.T.S.) We see patterns on roofs of buildings and monuments. We also see them on floor tiles, saree borders, dresses, grills and so on. Patterns on floor tiles Patterns 19

Patterns on roofs of monuments Patterns on saree borders Patterns on doors Patterns on grills 20

Example 5: Complete the given patterns. One is done for you. a) 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 b) 2 4 6 8 _____ 12 ____ c) 14 13 12 ____ 10 _____ 8 Maths Munchies 213 We see many patterns in our surroundings. Some of them are shown here. Rangoli Mehendi Window grill Beehive Wall Tablecloth Shirt Floor Patterns 21

Connect the Dots English Fun Poems follow patterns too. Similar sounding words repeat in poems to create rhymes. Here is a short rhyme for you to sing and enjoy. Twinkle, twinkle, little star, How I wonder what you are. Up above the world so high, Like a diamond in the sky. EVS Fun You know that tigers and zebras have stripes on their bodies. Leopards and giraffes have patches on their bodies. Can you find more animals with patterns. Drill Time Concept 2.1: Patterns in Surrounding 1) Observe these patterns. Colour the pictures to complete them. a) b) 22

Drill Time c) d) 2) Observe and complete these patterns. a) _________ _________ _________ b) ________ _________ ________ c) _______ _______ _______ d) _______ _______ ______ 3) Continue the pattern by colouring the correct boxes. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 A Note to Parent Talk to your child about the patterns found in your home like floor tiles, wallpapers, clothes and so on. Take a walk around the garden. Help your child to find patterns in nature. For example, arrangement of branches, leaves and flowers on a tree. Patterns 23

Chapter Numbers 3 I Will Learn About • the concept of zero. • the sequence of numbers up to 99. • place value and face value of numbers. • writing number names. • comparing, ordering and forming numbers. Concept 3.1: Count in Ones and Tens I Think Bantei has five sticks. He counted them one by one. His father gave him more sticks to count. Is it easy to count them one by one? Is there an easier way? 3.1 I Recall We have learnt to count objects and write their numbers. 24

Counting by 1s The numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9 are called 1-digit numbers. They are also called single digit numbers. Colour the picture given. Use the colours as given for the numbers. 1 (One) 2 (Two) 3 (Three) 4 (Four) 5 (Five) 6 (Six) 7 (Seven) 8 (Eight) 9 (Nine) Numbers 25

3.1 I Remember and Understand There are 5 ducks in a pond. They flew away one by one. At last, there are no ducks in the pond. Let us learn to represent this using a number. Introducing ‘0’ 1 duck flew away. 2 ducks flew away. 4 ducks are in the pond. 3 ducks are in the pond. 3 ducks flew away. 4 ducks flew away. 2 ducks are in the pond. 1 duck is in the pond. All ducks flew away. So, there are ‘zero’ ducks in the No ducks are in the pond. pond. 26 If there are no objects, we write it as zero (0).

Example 1: Count the number of animals. Write the numbers in the boxes. One is done for you. Animals Numbers 4 Counting by 10s Let us say shows 1. Ten such boxes show a 10. So, = 10 ones = 1 ten Counting is easy if we group things into bundles of ten. We can make such collections of 10 with different things. 1 ten of balls 1 ten of books 1 ten of logs Numbers 27

Suppose we are given 34 logs of wood to count. First, we count 10 logs and make a bundle. So, one bundle has ten wooden logs. With 34 logs, we can make 3 bundles. 3 tens (written as 30) 4 ones Thus, 4 logs of wood remain. We count these remaining Each digit has its logs in ones. The total number of wooden logs can be place and place written as 3 tens and 4 ones. value in the place value chart. The number 34 has two digits. So, we use the tens (T) and the ones (O) places for two digits. Thus, we Place Value Chart write the number 34 in a place value chart as shown. Places Tens (T) Ones (O) Abacus counting Values 3 4 We can show 2-digit numbers using an abacus. Let us show the number 9 using a spike abacus. One shows the We show a digit in the number 1. ones place with a blue bead. See Fig. (a). Nine in the ones spike 9 blue beads show 9 in show the number 9. the ones place. Each TO TO TO One shows the spike of an abacus number 10. can have only 9 Fig. (a) Fig. (b) beads. See Fig. (b). To show the number 10, we remove all the blue beads. We then put 1 green bead in the tens spike. The tens spike represents the tens place. Let us show the number 34 using a spike abacus. We put 3 green beads in the tens spike. We then put 4 blue beads in the ones spike. In the same way, we can show the numbers 46 and 99 on the abacus. 28

So, 34 is 3 tens and 4 ones, 46 is 4 tens and 6 ones and 99 is 9 tens and 9 ones. TO TO TO shows 34 shows 46 shows 99 Number names Let us now learn the number names from 10 to 99. 10 ― Ten 20 ― Twenty 30 ― Thirty 11 ― Eleven 21 ― Twenty-one 31 ― Thirty-one 12 ― Twelve 22 ― Twenty-two 32 ― Thirty-two 13 ― Thirteen 23 ― Twenty-three 33 ― Thirty-three 14 ― Fourteen 24 ― Twenty-four 34 ― Thirty-four 15 ― Fifteen 25 ― Twenty-five 35 ― Thirty-five 16 ― Sixteen 26 ― Twenty-six 36 ― Thirty-six 17 ― Seventeen 27 ― Twenty-seven 37 ― Thirty-seven 18 ― Eighteen 28 ― Twenty-eight 38 ― Thirty-eight 19 ― Nineteen 29 ― Twenty-nine 39 ― Thirty-nine 40 ― Forty 50 ― Fifty 60 ― Sixty 41 ― Forty-one 51 ― Fifty-one 61 ― Sixty-one 42 ― Forty-two 52 ― Fifty-two 62 ― Sixty-two 43 ― Forty-three 53 ― Fifty-three 63 ― Sixty-three 44 ― Forty-four 54 ― Fifty-four 64 ― Sixty-four 45 ― Forty-five 55 ― Fifty-five 65 ― Sixty-five 46 ― Forty-six 56 ― Fifty-six 66 ― Sixty-six 47 ― Forty-seven 57 ― Fifty-seven 67 ― Sixty-seven 48 ― Forty-eight 58 ― Fifty-eight 68 ― Sixty-eight 49 ― Forty-nine 59 ― Fifty-nine 69 ― Sixty-nine Numbers 29

70 ― Seventy 80 ― Eighty 90 ― Ninety 71 ― Seventy-one 81 ― Eighty-one 91 ― Ninety-one 72 ― Seventy-two 82 ― Eighty-two 92 ― Ninety-two 73 ― Seventy-three 83 ― Eighty-three 93 ― Ninety-three 74 ― Seventy-four 84 ― Eighty-four 94 ― Ninety-four 75 ― Seventy-five 85 ― Eighty-five 95 ― Ninety-five 76 ― Seventy-six 86 ― Eighty-six 96 ― Ninety-six 77 ― Seventy-seven 87 ― Eighty-seven 97 ― Ninety-seven 78 ― Seventy-eight 88 ― Eighty-eight 98 ― Ninety-eight 79 ― Seventy-nine 89 ― Eighty-nine 99 ― Ninety-nine Let us see a few examples. Example 2: Count the number of objects. Write the number and its number name. Solution: The numbers and the number names of the objects are: Objects Number and number name 32 a) Thirty-two 17 b) Seventeen 61 c) Sixty-one 30

Example 3: W rite the places for each of the given numbers. Then, show them on a spike abacus. a) 13 b) 29 c) 64 Solution: Number T O a) 13 1 3 b) 29 2 9 c) 64 6 4 TO TO TO a) 13 b) 29 c) 64 Train My Brain Write the number names of the following: a) 1 ten and 4 ones = ____________________________ b) 4 tens and 5 ones = ____________________________ c) 7 tens and 8 ones = ____________________________ 3.1 I Apply We can form a number when the place values of its digits are given. Let us see a few examples. Example 4: A number has 1 in the tens place and 4 in the ones place. What is the number? Solution: Write the given digits in the place value chart as T O shown. 14 So, the number is 14. Example 5: Form using the following numbers. a) 3 in the tens place; 7 in the ones place b) 6 in the tens place; 0 in the ones place Numbers 31

Solution: To form the numbers, write the digits in the place value chart as shown. a) T O b) T O 3 7 6 0 So, the numbers are 37 and 60. Example 6: T here are four groups for a drama competition. Each group has a few students as shown. Group A Group B a) C ount the number of students in Group B. Write its number name. b) C ount the number of students in Group C. Write its number Solution: name. a) There are 10 students in Group B. Its number name is ten. b) There are 19 students in Group C. Its number name is nineteen. 32

3.1 I Explore (H.O.T.S.) Let us see a few examples of 2-digit numbers on an abacus. Example 7: Write the numbers shown on the abacuses. a) b) c) TO TO TO Solution: C ount the number of beads TO Number 32 Example 8: in each spike. Write it in the a) 3 2 30 23 Solution: place value chart. Put a 0 in b) 3 0 TO the places where there are no c) 2 3 78 25 beads. 39 Draw beads on abacus to show the given numbers. a) 78 b) 25 c) 39 a) b) Write the digits in the place value chart. c) Draw as many green beads as the tens digit. Draw as many blue beads as the ones digit. a) b) c) TO TO TO Numbers 33

Concept 3.2: Compare 2-digit Numbers I Think Bantei has 59 marbles and his sister has 95 marbles. How will they know who has more marbles? 3.2 I Recall Observe the given picture. It shows cars of different colours. The red car is before The blue car is The black car is the blue car. between the red and after the blue car. the black cars. The words before, after and between give the positions of a car. In the same way, we can identify the numbers before and after a number. Look at these numbers. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 34

We see that 4 is before 5 and 5 is after 4. Fill in the blanks with before, between or after numbers. a) _____ is before 14. b) 15 is after _____. c) 7 is between 6 and _____. 3.2 I Remember and Understand Comparing 2-digit numbers is similar to comparing 1-digit numbers. We can order the numbers after comparing them. Let us learn this concept. Before and after numbers Read the following: a) 11 comes before 12; 12 comes after 11. b) 9 comes before 10 and after 8. So, 9 lies between 8 and 10. c) 15 comes before 16 and after 14. So, 15 lies between 14 and 16. Example 9: Write the numbers that come before and after: a) 96 b) 31 c) 49 d) 55 e) 60 Solution: The numbers before and after the given numbers are: Number Before Number After Number 96 95 97 31 30 32 49 48 50 55 54 56 60 59 61 Compare numbers The symbol for greater than is >. The symbol for less than is <. We use the concept of more and less to The symbol for equal to is =. find the greater and the lesser numbers. Numbers 35

Observe the following picture. The crocodile’s mouth is open The crocodile’s mouth is closed where there are more fish. where there are less fish. 2 is less than 3. 4 is more than 1 or 2 is smaller than 3 We write it as 2 < 3. 4 is greater than 1. We write it as 4 > 1. When both the numbers are the same, we say that both are equal to each other. We write as 4 = 4. Let us see a few examples of using the symbols <, > and =. Example 10: Fill in the blanks with the correct symbols (<, > or = ). a) 23 ______ 21 b) 99 ______ 98 c) 54 ______ 74 d) 13 ______ 13 e) 4 _______ 7 Solution: a) > b) > c) < d) = e) < Train My Brain Write the numbers that come before and after the given numbers: a) ____, 32, ____ b) _____, 40, ____ c) ____, 25, ____ 36

3.2 I Apply Order 2-digit numbers We can compare more than two numbers. For that, we have to arrange them in order. There are two ways to do this: Ascending order: Writing the numbers from the smallest to the largest Descending order: Writing the numbers from the largest to the smallest Example 11: Write the numbers 26, 29 and 25 in ascending order. Solution: The given numbers are 26, 29 and 25. All the three numbers have 2 in their tens place, 2 6, 2 9, 2 5. So, let us compare the digits in their ones place, 2 6 , 2 9, 2 5. As 5 < 6 < 9, 25 < 26 < 29. So, the ascending order of the numbers is 25, 26, 29. Example 12: Write the numbers 34, 38 and 30 in descending order. Solution: The given numbers are 34, 38 and 30. All the numbers have 3 in their tens place, 3 4, 3 8, 3 0. So, let us compare the digits in their ones place, 3 4 , 3 8 , 3 0. As 8 > 4 > 0, 38 > 34 > 30. So, the descending order of the numbers is 38, 34, 30. Form 2-digit numbers Let us learn to form the greatest and the smallest 2-digit numbers. Example 13: Form the greatest and the smallest 2-digit numbers using 2 and 4 (without repeating the digits). Solution: To form the greatest number: TO 42 Write the bigger digit in the tens place and the smaller digit in the ones place. So, the greatest 2-digit number that can be formed is 42. Numbers 37

To form the smallest number: W rite the smaller digit in the tens place and the TO bigger digit in the ones place. 24 So, the smallest 2-digit number that can be formed is 24. Example 14: Form the greatest and the smallest 2-digit numbers using 5 and 7 (by repeating the digits). Solution: To form the greatest number: TO 77 Find the larger digit. Here, it is 7. Place the same digit in both the places in the place value chart. So, the greatest number is 77. To form the smallest number: TO Find the smaller digit. Here, it is 5. 55 Place the same digit in both the places in the place value chart. So, the smallest number is 55. 3.2 I Explore (H.O.T.S.) Let us see another example. Example 15: Some children are in a row as shown. Observe the picture and answer the questions that follow. Suma Ravi Rahul Salman Rita Amy 38

a) Which two boys are just after Suma? b) Between which two children is Salman? c) Who is at the right end? d) Who is just before Rahul? Solution: a) Ravi and Rahul are just after Suma. b) Salman is between Rahul and Rita. c) Amy is at the right end. d) Ravi is just before Rahul. Maths Munchies Choose a 2-digit number with a zero in its 213 ones place. Change the place of its digits. It then becomes a 1-digit number. T O Number For example, take the number 30. If we 3 0 30 change the places of its digits, the number becomes 03, which is the same as 3. 0 3 03 Connect the Dots English Fun Arrange the letters D, F, C, J, A, E, G, I, H and B in ascending and descending orders. EVS Fun An adult has 32 (3 tens and 2 ones) teeth in his or her mouth. Count the number of teeth you have. How many are they? Write the number of teeth you have in tens and ones. Numbers 39

Drill Time Concept 3.1: Count in Ones and Tens 1) Write the numbers in the place value chart. a) 51 b) 90 c) 16 d) 72 e) 39 2) Write the number names of the given numbers. a) 49 b) 31 c) 94 d) 10 e) 32 3) Form numbers which have: a) 4 in the tens place and 1 in the ones place b) 9 in the tens place and 2 in the ones place c) 7 in the tens place and 3 in the ones place d) 8 in the tens place and 6 in the ones place e) 3 in the tens place and 8 in the ones place Concept 3.2: Compare 2-digit Numbers 4) FiIl in the blanks with before, after or between numbers. a) _____ 45 b) 98 _____ c) 19 ______ 21 d) 87 _____ e) ______32 5) Write the symbols >, < or = in the following. a) 34 ____ 30 b) 20 ____ 12 c) 17 ____ 60 d) 84 ____ 84 e) 56 ____ 90 6) Write the greater and the smaller numbers in each of these pairs. a) 39, 19 b) 87, 12 c) 65, 10 d) 45, 41 e) 76, 70 7) Arrange the numbers in ascending and descending orders. a) 87, 98, 80 b) 19, 17, 30 c) 40, 50, 19 d) 28, 19, 85 e) 34, 10, 99 40

Drill Time 8) Form the greatest and the smallest 2-digit numbers using the given digits. Do not repeat the digits. a) 3, 2 b) 9, 8 c) 1, 7 d) 4, 6 e) 7, 9 A Note to Parent Ask your child to find the eldest and the youngest members of your family by comparing their ages. Help your child to make a family tree. Place the eldest member on the top and the youngest member at the bottom. Numbers 41

Chapter Addition 4 I Will Learn About • adding numbers up to 99 without regrouping. • adding two 1-digit numbers mentally. • different methods of adding numbers. Concept 4.1: Add 1-digit and 2-digit Numbers I Think Bantei can count and add the number of his toys. His father asks him to add 35 and 22. He does not have that many objects to count and add. How can he add these numbers? 42

4.1 I Recall Let us recall counting of objects. Look at the vegetables given. Count and write their numbers in the boxes. Vegetables Number a) b) c) d) e) Addition 43

4.1 I Remember and Understand A pencil stand has 3 pencils as shown in Fig. (a). Another pencil stand has 4 pencils as shown in Fig. (b). We count the pencils in the two stands continuously. The Fig. (a) Fig. (b) last number gives the total number of pencils. Counting the number of objects together is called addition. The answer in addition is called the sum. We use the symbol ‘+’ (read as plus) for addition. Example 1: Count and write the correct number of objects. One is done for you. a) 1 89 b) 44

c) Methods of addition: The words add, total, 1) Addition using fingers together, in all, altogether 2) Addition using the number line and sum are some words 3) Vertical or column addition used in addition. Let us understand these methods. Addition using fingers Observe these fingers. Each of them shows the number given. Addition 45

Let us learn to add two numbers using fingers. Example 2: Add using fingers: a) 4 and 3 b) 1 and 5 c) 5 and 5 Solution: a) 4 + 3 += Open 4 fingers on one hand. Open 3 fingers on the other. B egin counting the fingers on one hand. Continue to count the fingers on the other hand. The number counted for the last finger is the sum or total. So, 4 + 3 = 7. b) 1 + 5 += So, 1 + 5 = 6. c) 5 + 5 += So, 5 + 5 = 10. 46