202110733-PERFORM-STUDENT-WORKBOOK-SOCIAL_STUDIES-G10-FY_Optimized

PRACTICE SHEET - 5 (PS-5) I. Choose the correct option: system in India and suggest changes 1. Vande Mataram was written by _____. c. To suppress the non cooperation movement and a. Bankim Chandra Chttopadhyay suggest ways to oppress Indians b. Mahatma Gandhi d. To set up various laws to continue trade with Indian c. Rabindranath Tagore peasants and traders d. Jawaharlal Nehru 8. What was the main idea of Satyagraha? 2. Under whose presidency was ‘Purna Swaraj’ a. Idea was to send Britishers back demanded and declared 26 January1930 as b. Idea was to use any methodology or ideology and Independence Day? stand for truth a. Mahatma Gandhiji c. It emphasised if the cause was true, if the struggle b. Jawaharlal Nehru was against injustice, then physical force was not c. Subhas Chandra Bose necessary to fight the oppressor d. Lala Lajpat Rai d. Always follow truth 3. Who designed Swaraj flag? 9. Which of these were followed in non cooperation a. Bankim Chandra Chatopadhyay movement? b. Mahatma Gandhi a. Surrender of titles that the government awarded, c. Dr. B. R. Ambedkar b. Boycott of civil services, army, police, courts and d. Jawaharlal Nehru legislative councils, schools, and foreign goods 4. Which of these is not a part of cultural support for c. Boycott foreign goods nationalism? d. All of the above a. Digital media 10. Who among the following was Congress b. History and fiction reluctant to include as part of its struggle for c. Folklore and songs freedom? d. Popular prints and symbols a. Dalits 5. What were the causes of Quit India Movement? b. Women a. failure of the Cripps Mission c. Industrial workers b. Effects of world war II d. All of the above c. Both of them d. Neither of them II. Short Answer Questions: 6. Why was satyagraha started in Kheda? 1. Describe the following shortly. a. Affected by crop failure and plague epidemic, the i)Implications of First World War on India - peasants of Kheda could not pay revenue and were ii) Rowlatt Act and Jallianwala bagh – demanding relaxation of revenue iii) Gandhiji support Khilafat movement- b. The plantation workers in Kheda wanted to move 2. Salt march became an effective tool for freedom freely out of Tea gardens struggle. Explain this statement? c. The high rents on the land by Talukdars and 3. What solutions were suggested by the Dalit landlords ignited fight for satyagraha leaders to solve the problems? What were the d. All of the above demands of Dr.B.R Ambedkar? 7. Why was Simon commission set up? a. To study the repercussions after the Jallianwala III. Long Answer Questions: massacre 1. How did the movement unfold? Who participated b. To look into the functioning of the constitutional in it? How did different social groups conceive of the idea of Non-Cooperation? 2. Describe the significance of Civil Disobedience Movement? Why was it re-launched and how did it come into force? 87

Self-Evaluation Sheet Marks: 15 Time: 30 Mins 1. By whom was the first image of ‘Bharat Mata’ 6. Describe the role of the plantation workers of painted?  (1 mark) Assam in the Non-Cooperation Movement.  (3 marks) 2. Which Congress session was the resolution of Purna Swaraj adopted in?  (1 mark) 3. Why did Mahatma Gandhi want to join Khilafat issue? (1 mark) 7. Explain briefly the Khilafat Movement in India.  (5 marks) 4. State one demand of peasants in Awadhi.  (1 mark) 5. Describe any three major problems faced by the peasants of Awadhi in the days of Non- Cooperation Movement.  (3 marks) 88

3. The Making of a Global World Month : June Total Periods : 06 Learning Outcomes At the end of this lesson, students will be able to: • Explain how modern weapons were used in • Understand how various routes helped spread world war. trade and culture. • Understand how international monetary fund • Explain how and why various regions were and world bank come into existence. conquered. • Understand the formation of G-77. • Understand the abolition of corn law. • Explain Chinese economic model. • Understand the role of technology. • Understand the role of MNCs • Explain indentured labour and the cause of their migration. Concept Map The making of a global world The pre-modern The nineteenth century The inter-war Rebuilding a world world (1815-1914) economy economy: The post-war • The silk routes • The world economy • Wartime era • Post-war link the world takes shape transformations • Food travel: • Role of technology • Post-war settlement and • Late nineteenth the Bretton Woods Spaghetti and recovery institutions potato century colonialism • Rise of mass • The early post-war • Conquest, • Tinderpest or the years disease and production and • Decolonisation and trade cattle plague consumption independence • Indentures labour • The great • End of Bretton Key Points depression Woods and the migration from India • India and the beginning of • Indian entrepreneurs great depression globalisation abroad • Indian trade, colonialism and the global system The pre-modern world railways, steamship and telegraph. • Travellers, traders, priests and pilgrims travelled The nineteenth century (1815-1914) • In the 19th century, economic, political, social, vast distance for carrying goods, money, ideas, skills, inventions and even germs and disease. cultural and technological factors interacted in • The silk routes were regarded as the most complex ways to transform societies and reshape important route linking the distant parts of the external relations. world. • Indentured labour means a bonded labourer • Routes proved to be a great source of trade and under contract to work for an employer for a cultural links between distinct parts of the world. specific amount of time. • The Indian subcontinent had been known for its The inter-war economy bustling trade with goods, people, customs and • The First World War was fought between two knowledge. It was a crucial point in their trade power blocs. On one were the allies – Britan, network. France, Russia and later joined the US. and on the • Europe’s wealth financed its trade with Asia. opposite side -Germany, Austria, Hungary and • Faster industrial growth in Britain led to higher Ottoman and Turkey. incomes and more food imports. • First-time modern weapons like machine-guns, • Technology had a great impact on the tanks, aircraft, chemical weapons etc were used transformation of 19th century world such as on a massive scale. 89

3. The Making of a Global World Month : June Total Periods : 06 Rebuilding a world economy: The post-war era • The world wide spread of MNCs was a notable • International Monetary Fund and World Bank feature in the 1950s and 1960s as US business expanded worldwide. were set up to finance post-war restructuring. • Agricultural overproduction remained a problem. • In last two decades, the economy of the world has changed a lot as countries like China, It makes the price of agriculture products slump. India and Brazil have achieved rapid economic • The low-cost structure of Chinese economy made development. its products cheaper. China became a favourite destination for MNCs to invest. Work Plan Concept Coverage Coverage details Practice Sheet The pre-modern world • The Silk routes link the world PS -1 The nineteenth century • Food travels: Spaghetti and potato (1815-1914) • Conquest, disease and trade PS-2 • A world economy takes shape The inter-war economy • The role of technology PS-3 Rebuilding a world • Late nineteenth-century colonialism economy: The post- • Rinderpest or the cattle plague PS-4 war era • Indentured labour migration from PS-5 Self-evaluation India Sheet • Indian entrepreneurs abroad • Indian trade, colonialism and global system • Wartime transformation • Post-war recovery • Rise of mass production and consumption • The great depression • India and the great depression • Post-war settlement and the Bretton Woods Institutions • The early post-war years • Decolonisation and independence • End of Bretton Woods and the beginning of globalisation Worksheet for “The Making of a Global World” Evaluation with self- check or Peer check* 90

PRACTICE SHEET - 1 (PS-1) 1. Define globalisation. 2. What were cowries? 3. What is El Dorado? 4. What kind of cultural exchanges were made through silk routes? 5. ‘The pre modern world shrank greatly in the 16th Century’. Justify this statement. PRACTICE SHEET - 2 (PS-2) 1. What were the Canal Colonies? 2. Give three reasons why Europeans fled to America in the 19th century. 3. What was Rastafarianism? 4. What was ‘Chutney Music’? 5. What was the role of Indian entrepreneurs abroad? 6. Why did the industrialists and people living in cities of Britain force the government to abolish corn laws in the 18th century? Give two reasons. PRACTICE SHEET - 3 (PS-3) 1. Which were the two power blocs in the First World War? 2. Why was the First World war Like no other war before? 3. Why was household income declined after the First World war? 4. When did the Great Depression begin? Explain its impact on the world. 5. How were jute producers of Bengal affected by economic crisis? 91

PRACTICE SHEET - 43 (PS-43) 1. What does NIEO mean? 2. What led to the collapse of the system of fixed exchange rates? 3. What was Bretton Woods system? 4. What is the exchange rate? Differentiate between fixed exchange rates and, flexible or floating exchange rates or floating exchange rates. 5. Describe any five factors that led to the end of the Breton Woods system and the beginning of globalisation. 6. Explain how food offers long distance cultural exchange. 7. Which two key lessons did economists and politicians draw from inter-war economic experiences? 8. What is mass production and mass consumption? 9. Explain how the silk routes linked the world in the pre-modern era. 92

PRACTICE SHEET - 5 (PS-5) I. Choose the correct option: 7. Why was G-77 formed? 1. The Origin of potato crop was from which place? a. These were the developing nations who came a. Europe together to plan their development b. America b. The developing nations organised themselves to c. India gain control over their natural resources and get fairer d. China prices for their raw materials 2. Who discovered the America? c. These were the developed nations which took part a. Christopher Columbus in the world wars b. Henry Ford d. These were the various products listed to be traded c. Magellan worldwide by fixing prices. d. James cook 8. What would happen if there was more supply of 3. What commodities were exported from India? wheat in the market? a. Food grains and raw material a. Prices will get low b. Indigo dye b. Traders will face loses c. Opium c. Farmers will be at loss d. All of the above d. All of the above 4. Which was the powerful weapon which Spain 9. What was the main aim of creation of IMF and used to conquer and colonise America? WB? a. They attracted them with money as Europe was a. To give loans when the world faced destruction due super power at that time and Americans seem to natural calamities isolated b. To meet the financial needs of the industrial b. The germs such as those of smallpox – a deadly countries killer c. To uplift the lives of people in war laden places c. Guns and ammunitions d. To increase literacy which would lead to better d. Preaching’s of Christianity and propagating about economic development God 10. What do you think is the reason behind MNC’s 5. What were the creative contemporary expressions shifting their focus towards Asian countries? of the post-indenture experience? a. Low-cost structure of the countries a. Chutney music b. Cheap labour and low wages b. Muharrum procession c. Availability of raw materials and large market c. Rastafarianism d. All of the above d. All of the above 6. What do you understand by trade surplus? II. Short Answer Questions: a. Situation where country’s imports increase exceed 1. Write three factors for each of the following: its exports a. Three types of ‘flows’ within international b. Economic measure of balance of trade where economic exchanges exports exceed its imports b. Methods of creating labour c. Balancing a state where exports is equal to imports c. Three factors responsible for indentured labour d. Surplus means when market has surplus of any migration from India commodity 2. What was Rinderpest and how was Africa subdued? 3. Analyse these two situations and answer the following: 93

PRACTICE SHEET - 5 (PS-5) i) Effect of abolishing the Corn Laws ii) Factors that led to end of Bretton Woods System III. Long Answer Questions: 1. What were the main features of First World War and how did it affect the socio economic conditions of the world? 2. Enumerate the causes of Great Depression? Analyse the effects of The Great Depression of 1929 on Indian economy and trade? Explain in your own words? 94

Self-Evaluation Sheet Marks: 15 Time: 30 Mins 1. What was G-77?  (1 mark) 6. Mention the three types of movement or flows within international economic exchanges.  (3 marks) 2. Why do most of the TVs, mobile phones and toys come from China?  (1 mark) 3. How did Rinderpest reach Africa? (1 mark) 4. How did food like ‘noodles’ travel to various 7. How did smallpox prove to be the most powerful weapon of the Spanish conquerors in the early parts of the world and get adopted by different modern phase?  (5 marks) names?  (1 mark) 5. Why do you think faster economic growth in the world led to migration of indentured labour?  (3 marks) 95

4. The Age of Industrialisation Month : July/August Total Periods : 08 Learning Outcomes • Explain the role of gomastha • Explain the change in the market during the first At the end of this lesson, students will be able to: • Understand how technology displaced world war • Understand the work of early entrepreneurs traditional industries • Understand the indian market scene by the end • Explain why technology change occurred slowly • Understand difference In handmade goods And of 19th century • Memories important dates and personalities machine made goods • Understand how silk and cotton dominated international textile market Concept Map The Age of Industrialisation Before the Hand labour Industrialisation Factories The peculiarities Market for industrial and steam in the colonies come up of industrial goods revolution growth power The coming up Life of the The age of The early Small-scale industries of the factory workers Indian textiles entrepreneurs predominate The pace of What Where did the industrial change happened to workers come from? Key Points weavers? Manchester comes to India Before the industrial revolution Hand labour and steam power • Proto-industrialisation was a phase when • In Victorian Britain, there was no shortage of there was large-scale industrial production human labour. for an international market which was not • Therefore, industries did not want to based on factories. • Proto-industrial system was part of a network introduce machines which required large of commercial exchanges. capital investment. • By the 1730s, the earliest factories in England • Many seasonal industries were also there who came up. usually preferred hand labour. • A series of inventions in the 18th century • Handmade goods came to symbolise increased the efficacy of each step of the refinement and class. production process. • Labours were available in abundance in the • Richard Arkwright created the cotton mill. market which affected the lives of workers. • The most dynamic industries in Britain were • After the busy season was over, workers clearly cotton and metals. became jobless. • The new industries could not easily displace • In the early 19th century, wages increased but traditional industries. the price of the goods also increased. • Technological changes occurred slowly . Industrialisation in the colonies • Before the age of machine industries, silk 96

4. The Age of Industrialisation Month : July/August Total Periods : 08 and cotton goods from India dominated the fortune in the China Trade. international market in textile. • After colonial power came in power, Indian • After the East India Company established political power, they tried to eliminate the businessmen were barred from trading with existing traders and brokers and establish a Europe in manufactured goods. more direct control over the weavers. • Industrialists usually employed a jobber to • It appointed paid servants called gomastha get new recruits. to supervise weavers, collect supplies and The peculiarities of industrial growth examine the quality of cloth. • European Managing Agencies established • In many weaving villages there were reports tea and coffee plantations, acquiring land at of clashes between weavers and gomasthas. cheap rates from the colonial government. • The price weavers received from the Company • By the first decade of the 20th century, was miserably low. the Swadeshi movement promoted Indian • As cotton industries developed in England, industries. industrial groups pressurised the government • During the First World War, British mills were to impose import duties on cotton textile so busy with war production to meet the needs that Manchester goods could sell in Britain of the army, Manchester imports into India without competition. declined. • By the end of the 19th century, factories in • By the second decade of the 20th century, India began production, flooding the market weavers used looms with a fly shuttle. with machine made goods which created a Market for goods problem for weavers. • New consumers are created through Factories come up advertisements • In 1854, the first cotton mill in Bombay came up. • Advertisements appear in newspapers, • In 1855, first jute mill in Bengal came up. magazines, hoardings, street walls, television. • In Bengal, Dwarkanath Tagore made his • Advertisements became a vehicle of the nationalist message of Swadeshi. 97

4. The Age of Industrialisation Month : July/August Total Periods : 08 Work Plan Concept Coverage Coverage details Practice Sheet Before the industrial • The coming up of factory PS -1 revolution • The pace of industrial change PS-2 Hand labour and • Life of workers steam power • The age of industrial textiles PS-3 Industrialisation in • What happened to weavers? the colonies • Manchester comes to India PS-4 • The early entrepreneurs PS-5 Factories come up • Where did the workers come from? The peculiarities of • Small-scale industries predominate PS-6 industrial growth • The new Republic of Vietnam • The entry of the US into the War PS-7 Market for goods • The Ho Chi Minh trail Self-evaluation Worksheet for “The age of Industrialization” Sheet Evaluation with self- check or Peer check* 98

PRACTICE SHEET - 1 (PS-1) 1. Who is a ‘stapler’ and a ‘ fuller’? 2. Which place was known as finishing centre? 3. Which industry followed the cotton industry in England? 4. What does ‘proto industrialisation’ mean? 5. What were the benefits enjoyed by the villagers in the proto- industrial system. 6. Write a brief note on the cotton Industry. PRACTICE SHEET - 2 (PS-2) 1. What was a ‘spinning jenny’? 2. Who devised ‘spinning jenny’ and when? 3. The upper classes, during Victorian period, preferred things produced by hands. Explain. 4. Describe the condition of the workers in the 19th century in England. PRACTICE SHEET - 3 (PS-3) 1. What was the prediction of Henry Patullo, a company official about Indian textiles? 2. Why did the industrial groups in England pressurise the government to impose import duties on cotton textiles? 3. Why did Surat lose its importance as a port in the 18th century? Explain. 4. “The colonial control over the Indian merchants tightened after the end of the 18th century. Explain the statement. PRACTICE SHEET - 4 (PS-4) 1. Where was the first cotton mill in India established and when? 2. Where was the first jute mill in India set up and when? 3. Who worked for industrialists to get new recruits? 4. Mention any three restrictions imposed by the British Government upon the Indian merchants in the 19th century. 5. Explain the main functions of a jobber. 99

PRACTICE SHEET - 5 (PS-5) 1. What was a fly shuttle? 2. What was the Swadeshi movement? 3. What was the result of First World War on Indian industries? 4. ’Industrialisation in India was a mixed blessing.’ Justify the statement. PRACTICE SHEET - 6 (PS-6) 1. Why were labels used on cloth bundles? 2. Why were manufacturers printing calendars to popularise their product? 3. ‘Consumers are created through advertisement.’ Support the statement with three suitable examples. 4. Why did Indian businessmen avoid competing with Manchester goods in the Indian markets? Explain the reasons. 5. Discuss the plight of the Indian weavers with the advent of the East India company. 6. How did the Indian manufacturers and British manufacturers advertise for their goods? 100

PRACTICE SHEET - 7 (PS-7) I. Choose the correct option: d. They would go to meet their family 1. Which place came to be known as a finishing 7. Who were gomasthas? centre? a. They were the trained workers in textile industries a. London b. They were brokers who were in between weaver in b. Spain the villages and the traders c. Germany c. A paid servant to supervise weavers, collect d. India supplies, and examine the quality of cloth 2. Steam engine was improved by ________. d. They were the temporary workers who were a. Jenny employed according to the requirement b. James Watt 8. Dwarkanath Tagore made his fortune in the China c. Richard Arkwright trade before he turned to industrial investment. d. All the three together Which of the statement is true about him? 3. Before the age of machine industries, _____ and a. Had visions of developing industrial enterprises in _____ goods from India dominated the international India market in textiles. b. The first cotton mill of Ahmadabad was set up by a. Silk and cotton him b. Ryan and cotton c. First spinning and weaving mill of Madras began c. Woollen and shawls production d. Nylon and leather d. Traded with Burma 4. What did British export and import from China? 9. Why did women workers attack Spinning Jenny? a. Exported cotton and imported metals a. He did not pay wages to the women b. Exported tea and imported wheat b. He looked down upon women and discriminated c. Exported opium to China and took tea to England them d. Exported indigo and imported wool c. His modern machine reduced demand of labour 5. How did Jamsetjee Nusserwanjee Tata build a and which resulted in unemployment huge industrial empire India? d. His machine was the cause of death of few workers a. Accumulated their initial wealth partly from due to some glitches in it exports to China 10. How was ‘jobber’ considered a person with some b. Raw cotton shipments to England authority and power? c. Set up the first iron and steel a. He got people from his village d. All of the above b. Gave them jobs, helped them settle in the city 6. Why did the mill workers travel to villages? c. Provided them money in times of crisis a. They were emotionally attached to villages d. All of the above b. They would go to village homes during harvests and festivals II. Short Answer Questions: c. They would go to enjoy vacation as the work in mill 1. What is Proto-industrialisation? In 17th century, will be very hectic why were artisans and peasants being employed by merchants? 2. How did East India Company establish monopoly in trade? 101

PRACTICE SHEET - 7 (PS-7) 3. The First World War created favourable conditions for the development of industries in India. Support the statement? III. Long Answer Questions: 1. Some industrialists were not keen in introducing mechanical technology and preferred human labour. Explain? How was the life of workers in Victorian Britain? 2. Explain the importance of advertisement in the marketing of the goods? How did Indian and British merchants and manufacturers advertise their products in India to promote sales? 102

Self-Evaluation Sheet Marks: 15 Time: 30 Mins 1. Which non-mechanised sectors of industries 6. Describe any three problems faced by the Indian were grown with small innovations? (1 mark) cotton weavers in the 19th century.  (3 marks) 2. Who improved the steam engine? Who manufactured the new model? (1 mark) 3. From which pre-colonial ports was vibrant sea trade operated?  (1 mark) 7. Highlight any five benefits of industrialisation on the society.  (5 marks) 4. How did Indian merchants and bankers help in the export of trade?  (1 mark) 5. Explain any three effects of industrialisation on agriculture in the 18th century. (3 marks) 103

5. Print Culture and the Modern World September/October Total Periods : 10 Learning Outcomes At the end of this lesson, students will be able to: • Understand how a new reading public emerged • Understand how the print technology developed • Understand how print created an opportunity of in China a new debate and discussion • Understand how print was no longer limited to • Explain how print culture created the conditions scholar and officials. which led to French revolution. • Explain the role of Marco Polo in print • Understand how women and children got into technology reading • Explain how printing travelled to other parts of • Understand how India got introduced to printing Europe press • Explain the contribution of Gutenberg Concept Map Key Points 1. The first printed books • Rich women began to read and many of them • The earliest print technology was developed in began publishing their poetry and plays. China, Japan and Korea. • The Buddhist missionaries from China introduced • From 594 AD onwards, books were printed in hand-printing technology into Japan around 768 – 770 AD. China by rubbing paper against the inked surface of woodblocks. • The Buddhist Diamond Sutra which was printed • For a very long time, the imperial state of China in 868 AD was the oldest Japanese book. Libraries was the major producer of printed material. and bookstores were packed with hand-printed • The Chinese bureaucratic system recruited its materials of various types. personnel through civil services examinations. • By the 17th century, the use of print diversified in 2. Print comes to Europe China because of a blooming urban culture. • Marco Polo was a great explorer from Italy. He • Print was no longer limited to scholar and officials. returned from China in 1295 and brought the • Fictional narratives, poetry, autobiographies, knowledge of woodblock printing along with him. anthologies of literary masterpieces and romantic • By the early fifteenth century, woodblocks were play became the staple for the reading public. widely used in Europe to print various materials. Reading acquired the status of a preferred leisure It almost replaced the books made by calligraphy. activity. • Gutenberg learnt the art of polishing stones, and became a master goldsmith and also became an expert in creating lead moulds. 104

5. Print Culture and the Modern World September/October Total Periods : 10 • Gutenberg used his knowledge to bring • Many periodicals serialized important novels in innovation to the print technology. The first book the 19th century. printed by him was the Bible. 6. India and the world of print 3. The print revolution and its impact • The Portuguese missionaries were the first to • With the print technology, a new reading public bring printing press to Goa in the mid-16th emerged. Books became cheaper because of century. printing. • Print culture helped in initiating new debate on • Popular ballads and folk tales were published religious, social and political issues in India. which could be listened by even the illiterates. • Print helped in bringing the religious texts within • Literate people read out stories and ballads to reach of the common masses. those who could not read. • It also helped in shaping the new political debate. • Print created an opportunity of a new debate and 7. Religious reforms and public debates discussion. • From the early 19th century there were intense • People began questioning some established debate about religious issues. notions of religion. • Different groups offered a variety of new • The Roman Church felt troubled by new ideas interpretations of the beliefs of different religions. which raised questions about the existing norms • In 1821, Raja Ram Mohan Roy published the of faith. Sambad Kumudi. 4. The reading mania • In 1810, the first printed edition of the • The literacy levels improved through the 17th and Ramcharitrmanas of Tulsidas, a 16th century text 18th centuries in Europe. was published in Calcutta. • Booksellers employed pedlars who roamed 8. New forms of publication around villages to sell books. • Many writers emerged who began to write in the • Periodicals, novels, almanac, etc. formed the Indian context. People could correlate with the staple for the reading mania. theme and characters of such novels in a better • Ideas of scientists and philosophers became more way. accessible to the common people. • Many other new forms of writing also came into • Many historians are of the view that print culture origin; like lyrics, short stories, essays about created the conditions which led to French social and political matters, etc. Revolution. • This was the time, when many women writers 5. The 19th century also began to express their views through their • Many books were written and printed keeping in writings. mind the sensibilities of children. 9. Print and censorship • The lending libraries became the hub of activity • Before 1798, the colonial rulers were not too for white-collar workers, artisans and lower concerned with censorship. Initially, the control middle class people. measures were directed against Englishmen in • Offset press was developed in the late 19th India who were critical of Company misrule. century. • After the revolt of 1857, the attitude to freedom of • Electrically operated presses came in use from the press changed. the turn of the twentieth century. 105

5. Print Culture and the Modern World September/October Total Periods : 10 Work Plan Coverage details Practice Sheet • Print in Japan PS -1 Concept Coverage The first printed books • Gutenberg and the printing press PS-2 Print comes to Europe The print revolution and • A new reading public PS-3 its impact • Religious debates and the fear of print PS-4 The reading mania • Print and dissent PS-5 The 19th century • ‘Tremble, therefore, tyrants of the world • print culture and the French Revolution • Children, women and workers • Further innovations India and the world of • Manuscripts before the age of print PS-6 print • Print comes to India PS-7 PS-8 Religious reforms and • Women and print public debates • Print and the poor people New forms of publication Print and censorship Worksheet for “Print Culture and the Modern World” PS-9 Evaluation with self- Self-evaluation check or Peer check* Sheet 106

PRACTICE SHEET - 1 (PS-1) 1. Which authority possessed the right of printing in ancient China? 2. What was the use of woodblocks in 15th century in Europe? 3. Name the Chinese traditional book which folded and stitched at the side. 4. What is meant by calligraphy? 5. How did the earliest printing technology develop in the world? 6. Explain five important characteristics of the print culture in Japan. PRACTICE SHEET - 2 (PS-2) 1. Who developed the first printing press in 1430? 2. Despite the woodblock printing, which factor raised the demand of new technology in printing? 3. Which previous knowledge did Gutenberg draw to design his innovation in the form of a printing press? 4. Despite introduction of print-culture, why were luxurious edition still handwritten? 5. Describe any three difficulties in copying manuscripts. 6. How did the knowledge of wood-block printing come to Europe? Explain. PRACTICE SHEET - 3 (PS-3) 1. Why were Martin Luther’s Theses, a challenge to the Church in Europe? 2. Why was transition from hearing public to reading public difficult in Europe? 3. Who was Martin Luther? 4. What was Protestant Reformation? 5. What is meant by the print revolution? Explain its significance. 6. ‘The Roman Catholic Church had to face many dissents from mid-16th century onwards.’ Justify the statement. 107

PRACTICE SHEET - 34 (PS-34) 1. What were ‘chapbooks?’ 2. How Biliotheque Bleue was different from chapbooks? 3. How did print popularise the ideas of the enlightened thinkers? 4. What was the ‘Reading Mania’? What was its impact on children, women and workers? 108

PRACTICE SHEET - 35 (PS-35) 1. Mention any one characteristic feature of an offset press. 2. Mention one major contribution of Richard M. Hoe. 3. Name the best-known best known women novelists of Europe who redefined the picture of women in society. 4. Who compiled folk-tales in Germany? 5. What motivated a large number of children, women and workers in Europe to become readers? Support your answer with examples. 6. Explain the strategies that were adopted by the publishers and printers to sell their products in the 19th and 20th century England. PRACTICE SHEET - 6 (PS-6) 1. Mention the technique of preserving the manuscript in India. 2. When did the first printing press come to India? 3. Name the first weekly that appeared in India. 4. Who started to edit the Bengal Gazette weekly in 1780? 5. Trace the history of print revolution in India. 109

PRACTICE SHEET - 7 (PS-7) 1. Name the first edition of the Indian religious text published in vernacular languages. 2. Who was the publisher of Sambad Kaumudi in 1821? 3. How did print encourage the reading of religious texts among the Hindus? 4. How did religious communities in India make use of printing technology to tell their ideas? PRACTICE SHEET - 8 (PS-8) 1. Who wrote Gulamgiri, which criticised the injustice of caste system? 2. Name the autobiography of Rashsundari Devi. 3. Name the book by Kashibaba that had detailed the experiences of poor workers in India. 4. Who agreed to revise Press Laws in 1835? 5. Analyse the impact of print culture on industrial workers in India during 19th and 20th centuries. 6. How did the Vernacular Press Act strengthen the British government in India? 7. What led the colonial government to pass the Vernacular Press Act in 1878? How did it affect the vernacular newspapers? 8. “The imperial state in China was the major producer of printed material.” Support this statement with examples. 9. What is vellum? Why was it used in Europe? 110

PRACTICE SHEET - 9 (PS-9) I. Choose the correct option: c. Everything should be judged through the 1. The earliest kind of print technology was application of reason and rationality. developed in China d. All of the above a. Painting 8. The _______, troubled by effects of popular b. hand printing readings and questionings of faith, imposed severe c. Calligraphy controls over publishers and booksellers and began d. None of these to maintain an Index of Prohibited Books from 1558. 2. What is Calligraphy? a. The monarchial government a. The art of printing b. Roman church b. The method of painting c. The printing guild c. The art of beautiful and stylish writing d. Religious scholars d. A method of block printing 9. Why were women not allowed to educate? 3. “Liberty of speech, liberty of the press, freedom a. Because of the superstitions and myths that of association- The Government of India is now prevailed in the society seeking to crush the three powerful vehicles” Who b. Conservative Hindu believed that literate girl would said this? be widowed a. BalGangadhar Tilak c. Muslims feared that educated women would be b. Ambedkar corrupted by reading Urdu romances c. Mahatma Gandhi d. All of the above d. Jawaharlal Nehru 10. How did visual culture develop in print culture? 4. Handwritten manuscripts could not satisfy the a. Visual images could be reproduced in multiple ever-increasing demand for books. Why? copies a. laborious and time-consuming business b. Raja Ravi Verma produced images for mass b. Manuscripts were fragile and could not be carried circulation around or read easily c. Caricatures and cartoons were published in c. Copying was an expensive journals commenting on social and political issues d. All of the above d. All of the above 5. By the early fifteenth century, for what purpose were woodblocks used in Europe? II. Short Answer Questions: a. To print textiles 1. Explain the different stages of development of b. Playing cards printing technology in China? c. Religious pictures with simple, brief texts 2. Write shortly about the following personalities d. All of the above whose thoughts had a great affect on the people 6. In the 1920s in England, these popular works and society? were sold in cheap series, called the Shilling Series. a. Martin Luther a. Road side stack b. Menocchio b. Robert series c. Kailash bashini Debi c. Shilling Series 3. Explain in your own words how print culture d.Cartoon series affected the life of poor people? 7. The writings of Voltaire and Rousseau - a. Questioned superstition and despotism. III. Long Answer Questions: b. Argued for the rule of reason rather than custom, 1. Explain how did nationalism grow with the help of print culture? What restrictions were imposed by the Vernacular Press Act on the Indian Press? Explain? 2. Explain the following: 111

PRACTICE SHEET - 9 (PS-9) (i) State the impact of printing revolution? (ii) The hearing public and reading public intermingled. Write your comments on the statement? 112

Self-Evaluation Sheet Marks: 15 Time: 30 Mins 1. What was the name of oldest printed book of 6. Highlight any three contributions of Johann Japan? (1 mark) Gutenberg towards the printing press.  (3 marks) 2. Who introduced print-culture to Japan?  (1 mark) 3. By whom, was the art of woodblock printing introduced in Europe?  (1 mark) 4. Which brothers of Germany contributed in 7. Explain the five effects of print revolution. compiling the text for children?  (1 mark)  (5 marks) 5. Name the hub of the new print culture in China and describe it.  (3 marks) 113

1. Power Sharing Month : March/April Total Periods : 05 Learning Outcomes At the end of this lesson, students will be able to: • Understand the reason for conflict in Belgium. • Understand the reason for civil war in Sri Lanka. • Explain how Belgium resolved its problems. • Explain why power sharing is necessary. • Understand the various forms of power sharing. Concept Map Power Sharing Belgium and Majoritarianism Accommodation Forms of power Sri Lanka in Sri Lanka in Belgium sharing Key Points communities strained over time. The Sri Lankan Tamils launched parties and struggles. Belgium and Sri Lanka • The distrust between the two communities • Belgium is a small country in Europe which turned into a widespread conflict and soon took the shape of a civil war. shares its borders with France, Germany, and the Accommodation in Belgium Netherlands. • In order to bring harmony between the two • 59% of the population in the Flemish region communities, Belgium took cognizance of the speaks Dutch, another 40% people live in the prevailing regional differences and cultural Wallonia region and speak French. The remaining diversities. 1% of the Belgians speak German. • The Belgian Constitution prescribes an equal • The minority French-speaking community was number of Dutch and French-speaking ministers relatively rich and powerful. in the Central Government. • The Dutch-speaking community who got the • Brussels has a separate Government in which benefit of the economic development and educa- both the communities have equal representation. tion much later resented this fact. • Apart from the Central and State Government, • Hence, the tension between these two communi- there is also a third kind of Government. It’s ties was very severe in Brussels. called the Community Government • Sri Lanka has a diverse population where the Forms of power sharing Sinhala speaking population is 74% and the • Power sharing is desirable because it helps in Tamil-speaking is 18%. reducing the possibility of conflicts between Majoritarianism in Sri Lanka social groups. • When Sri Lanka became an independent country • Power sharing is the very spirit of a democratic in 1948, the leaders of the Sinhala community rule and requires sharing of power with those wanted to secure their dominance over the affected by its exercise as well as those who have Government by virtue of their majority. to bear its consequences. • In 1956, an Act was passed to recognize Sinhala • A democracy gives due respect to diverse groups as the only official language, thereby disregarding Tamil. • Relations between the Sinhala and the Tamil 114

1. Power Sharing Month : March/April Total Periods : 05 and views prevailing in a society and everyone levels of government is called the vertical division has a voice in the shaping of public politics. of power. • Horizontal Distribution of Power: In this form, • Power is also shared among different social the power is shared among different organs of groups, such as the religious and linguistic the government, such as the legislature, the groups. The ‘Community Government’ is a good executive, and the judiciary. example of this type of power sharing. • Vertical Division of Power: The sharing of power • Various power-sharing arrangements can also be can also be done at the different levels of the seen in the way, political parties, pressure groups, government- a general government for the entire and movements, control or influence those in country and governments at the provincial or power. regional level. The division of higher and lower Work Plan Concept Coverage Coverage details Practice Sheet Belgium and Sri Lanka • Reason for conflict in PS -1 Majoritarianism in Sri Lanka Belgium PS-2 • reason for Civil War in Sri PS-3 Accommodation in Self-evaluation Sheet Belgium Lanka Forms of power sharing • How Belgium resolved its problems • Why power sharing is necessary • Forms of power sharing Worksheet for “Power Sharing” Evaluation with self- check or Peer check* 115

PRACTICE SHEET - 1 (PS-1) 1. Which language is mainly spoken in the Flemish region of Belgium? 2. Which group of countries surround Belgium? 3. Which community in Belgium was relatively rich and powerful? 4. Mention the two major social groups in Sri Lanka. 5. What is meant by majoritariarism? 6. What is meant by ‘Tamil Elam’? 7. Evaluate the steps taken by the Sri Lankan government which became the milestones for majoritarianism in Sri Lanka. 8. Which demands of the Sri Lankan Tamils were accepted and met with to settle the ethnic conflict in Sri Lanka for good? 116

PRACTICE SHEET - 2 (PS-2) 1. The community government in Belgium is a good example of which form of power sharing? 2. Apart from the Central and the State Governments, which is the third type of government practiced in Belgium? 3. What is the division of power between higher and lower level of government known as? 4. Why is power sharing essential for democracy? 5. What is a ‘Community Government’? 6. Explain the causes of tension that existed between Dutch and French speaking people in Belgium. 7. What are different forms of power sharing in modern democracies? Give an example of each of these. 8. “Existence of Dutch- and French-speaking people in Belgium created an ethnic tension.” Elaborate the statement. 9. Criticise the majoritarian measures adopted by the Lankan Government to establish Sinhala supremacy. 10. Why did Belgians amend their Constitution four times? Explain. 11. What is meant by the system of ‘checks and balances’? 117

PRACTICE SHEET - 3 (PS-3) I. Choose the correct option: 7. Even though Dutch-speaking community 1. Coalition government defines: was majority in Belgium, they got the benefit of a. Different political parties unite to form a economic development later. Why? government a. They were illiterates and did not know about these b. Majority party which form a government governance rules c. All the minority parties unite to form a government b. French-speaking community was relatively rich and even if the required number is not met powerful d. None of the above definition is correct c. French speaking communities were having support 2. Which was the largest speaking language in of all the neighboring countries Belgium? d. Dutch speaking people were not residents. They a. French migrants from other neighboring countries b. British 8. A methodology under which major section of a c. Dutch society is given power in the governance – d. Other languages a. Minoritism 3. Most followed religion in Srilanka – b. Secularism a. Hinduism c. Majoritarianism b. Islam d. Power sharing c. Jainism 9. What would have happened if Dutch community d. Buddhism took advantage of its numeric majority and force its Understanding will on the French and German-speaking population 4. The word ethnic means _______. to form the government? a. Division based on linguistic ratio a. Would conflict further and lead to very messy b. Division based on shared culture partition of the country c. Division based on different religions followed b. Dutch would form the government as it was d. Division based on largest share of population of majority particular religion c. Power sharing concept which is more complex 5. Who are Indian Tamilians in Sri Lanka? need not be dealt with a. Sri Lankans who speak Tamil d. French government which are neighbours of b. Indian tamilians whose forefathers went to Sri Belgium would have called for a war Lanka as plantation workers during colonial period 10. Community government signifies c. Indian Tamilians who go temporarily to Sri Lanka a. Safeguard the interest of the upper government for business b. The power regarding the welfare of the weaker d. Sri Lankans who do not follow Buddhism but section follow Hinduism c. power regarding cultural, educational and 6. Which of these principles is not a part of language-related issues democracy? d. power of the people of equal status a. people rule themselves through institutions of self-government II. Short Answer Questions: b. respect is given to diverse groups and views that 1. What were the majoritarian measures that the exist in a society elected government established in Sri Lanka in c. all power of a government must reside in one 1956? person 2. Explain the following with examples. d. Everyone has a voice in the shaping of public (i) Checks and Balances policies. (ii) Vertical division of power 3. How can power be shared between (a) social and linguistic groups (b) political parties and pressure groups? 118

PRACTICE SHEET - 3 (PS-3) III. Long Answer Questions: 1. Sri Lanka has an excellent record of economic development, education and health. Then how did civil war happen? 2. What is power sharing? According to the examples given in the chapter, which country has implemented power sharing properly and effectively and how? 119

Self-Evaluation Sheet Marks: 15 Time: 30 Mins 1. What is the language spoken by the people 6. Why is power sharing desirable? Explain giving residing in the Wallonia region of Belgium? any three prudential reasons.  (3 marks)  (1 mark) 2. Which language is spoken by majority of Sri Lankans?  (1 mark) 3. Name the major religion of Sri Lanka.  (1 mark) 4. How and when was Sinhala recognized as the 7. Bring out any two sharp contrasts between Belgium and Sri Lankan democracies.  (5 marks) official language of Sri Lanka? (1 mark) 5. Explain the ethnic composition of Belgium. (3 marks)  120

2. Federalism Month : March/April Total Periods : 06 Learning Outcomes • Understand the three-tier system of government in India At the end of this lesson, students will be able to: • Understand the meaning of federalism • Interpret the features of Indian federation • Understand the features of federalism • Understand how federalism is practiced in India • Explain how federalism is important for a • Understand the need for local governing bodies • Understand the functions of Panchayati Raj country like India • Explain the two different kinds of federations Concept Map Federalism What is What makes How is federalism Decentralisation federalism? India a federal practiced? in India country? Key Points states coming together on their own to form a bigger unit What is federalism? • ‘Holding together’ Federation: a large country • Federalism is a system of government in which decides to divide its power between the constituent states and the national government the power is divided between a central authority What makes India a federal country? and various constituent units. • The Constitution originally provided for a two- • There are two or more levels (or tiers) of tier system of government- Central Government, government. representing the Union of India and the State • Different tiers of government govern the same Governments citizens, but each tier has its own jurisdiction • Later, the third tier of federalism was added in the in specific matters of legislation, taxation and form of Panchayats and Municipalities administration. • The Constitution divides powers between the • The fundamental provisions of the constitution Union Government and the State Government cannot be unilaterally changed by one level of within three lists government. Such changes require the consent of • Union list includes subjects of national both the levels of government. importance • Sources of revenue for each level of government • State list contains subjects of State and local are clearly specified to ensure its financial importance autonomy. • Concurrent list includes subjects of common • The federal system thus has dual objectives: to interest to both the Union Government as well as safeguard and promote unity of the country, the State Government, such as education, forest, while at the same time accommodate regional trade unions etc. diversity. • An ideal federal system has both aspects: mutual trust and agreement to live together. • ‘Coming together’ Federations: the independent 121

2. Federalism Month : March/April Total Periods : 06 • Residuary subjects: Those subjects which are not federalism has been strengthened in practice. mentioned in any of the three lists or any matter Decentralisation in India that arise with passage of time • There are many local issues which can only • All states of India do not have equal powers be solved by a local governing body. It is also • The judiciary oversee the implementation of possible to ensure direct participation of people in such a governing body. constitutional provisions and procedures • A major step towards decentralisation was taken How is federalism practiced? in 1992. The Constitution was amended to make • Linguistic States: The creation of Linguistic the third-tier of democracy more powerful and effective. States was the first and a major test for • The local governing bodies were given democratic politics in our country. This was constitutional status. done to ensure that people who spoke the same • Now it is constitutionally mandatory to hold language lived in the same State. regular elections to local government bodies. • Language policy: A second test for Indian • The State governments are required to share federation is the language policy. Our some powers and revenue with local government Constitution did not give the status of national bodies. language to any one language. • The nature of sharing varies from state to state. • Hindi was identified as the official language. But Rural local government is popularly known by the Hindi is the mother tongue of only about 40% of name Panchayati Raj. Indians • Centre-State relations: Restructuring the Centre-State relations is one more way in which Work Plan Concept Coverage Coverage details Practice Sheet What is federalism? • Meaning of federalism PS -1 What makes India a • Features of federalism PS-2 federal country? • Why federalism is PS-3 How is federalism PS-4 practiced? important PS-5 Decentralisation in India • Three tier system of Self-evaluation Sheet government • Linguistic state • Language policy • Centre-State relation • Need for local self- government • Role of Panchayati Raj Worksheet for “Federalism” Evaluation with self- check or Peer check* 122

PRACTICE SHEET - 1 (PS-1) 1. In what way can changes be made in the federal Constitution? 2. Name a country which is an example of ‘Coming Together’ federation. 3. ‘Indian Constitution has a unitary bias.’ Support the statement with one example. 4. Explain the features of federalism. PRACTICE SHEET - 2 (PS-2) 1. How do the central and state governments enjoy their power in federal system? 2. How much majority in the parliament is required to amend any part of the Indian Constitution? 3. In which list of the Indian Constitution does education come? Why? 4. Which institution decides in case of any dispute about the division of powers between centre and state? 5. Explain the factors that make federal government in India so attractive. 6. Explain how the federal experiment has been successful in the matter of formation of states in India. 123

PRACTICE SHEET - 3 (PS-3) 1. Which era was the beginning of the coalition governments at the Centre in India? 2. How many languages are recognised as Scheduled Languages by the Indian Constitution? 3. Which language is most of the official state work done in in India? 4. Name two states which were created to recognise differences based on culture, ethnicity or geography. 5. What is a coalition government? 6. Why did the makers of our Constitution declare India to be a ‘Union of States’? PRACTICE SHEET - 4 (PS-4) 1. Name the representative body formed by a few Gram Panchayats. 2. What is another popular name of Rural local government in India? 3. Name the independent institution that has been created in each State to conduct panchayat and municipal elections in India. 4. What is the official post for the chairperson of a Municipal Corporation? 5. State any two achievements and any two problems of the Panchayati Raj system. 6. Explain any five steps taken towards strengthening of the third tier of democracy in India. 7. How has the third tier of the government of our country been made more effective and powerful by the constitutional amendment of 1990? 8. ‘Promotion of Hindi continues to be the official policy of the Government of India.’ Elucidate. 9. Which values can be associated with federalism? 10. Which features of Panchayati Raj do you like the most and why? Explain. 124

PRACTICE SHEET - 5 (PS-5) I. Choose the correct option: states and divides power between them 1. Federalism is a: c. The central government brings together all states a. System of government where a single person rules but do not transfer power to them entire country with the help of ministers d. Independent states come together during the time b. A system of government in which the power is of national crisis otherwise they are different divided into two or more levels of government 8. In case of dispute of implementation of c. A government where all people are equal. constitutional provisions and procedures or power d. A government where people choose other people sharing, who can make a decision? to make decisions for us a. The union government 2. From 1993, Belgium shifted from a ____ to a b. The state government ________ form of government. c. High court or Supreme court a. Unitary , federal d. All the cabinet ministers with majority voting b. Federal , unitary 9. Why was education added in concurrent list? c. Monarch to unitary a. Concurrent list had very few subjects d. Federal to communism b. Concurrent list was made later 3. How were states formed in our country? c. Education pattern should be of a uniform character a. Based on geography in the entire country b. Based on languages d. None of these c. Based on culture and ethnicity 10. How can the fundamental provisions of Indian d. All of the above constitution be amended? 4. Who has the power to legislate on the ‘residuary’ a. By passing a bill in Lok Sabha and getting the subjects? consent of the President a. State government b. Consent of at least two-thirds majority of both the b. Union government houses of Parliament is a must and ratified by the c. Village Panchayats legislatures of half of the total states d. Both state and central government should together c. Cabinet ministers, President and state chief come to consensus ministers need to pass the bill 5. Based on which Article was Jammu and Kashmir d. Judiciary, Legislative state members and enjoying the status of State till now? parliament members should pass the bill with a. Article 35 majority b. Article 370 II. Short Answer Questions: c. Article 377 1. What is federalism? Is India a federal government? d. Article 20 2. Compare the federations –Coming together and 6. India is: Holding together federations? a. A federal union of state and union territories 3. Explain the significance of decentralization? How b. Neither federal nor democratic has the third tier of government been more effective c. Not a federal country in India? d. None of these 7. What does the ‘coming together’ mean? 125 a. Independent states coming together on their own to form bigger unit b. The central government bringing together all the

PRACTICE SHEET - 5 (PS-5) III. Long Answer Questions: 1. Describe the three fold distribution of legislative powers between the Union Government and the State governments. Who can make law on the subjects which are not covered under the lists and name it? 2. (i) What challenges did centre-state relations in India face before the 1990’s. How has this been restructured to enable smooth functioning of governments? (ii) What was the remarkable decision made about Jammu and Kashmir in 2019? 126

Self-Evaluation Sheet Marks: 15 Time: 30 Mins 1. Define federalism.  (1 mark) 7. How has federalism helped in India? Give your own assessment. (5 marks) 2. In which list of the Indian Constitution do railways come under? Why?  (1 mark) 3. Which administrative authority of India manages subjects of union territories? (1 mark) 4. What status has been given to Hindi by the Constitution of India? (1 mark) 5. Give three reasons why decentralisation is favoured in democracy. (3 marks) 6. Briefly explain the structure of local (3 marks) government.  127

3. Democracy and Diversity Month :June/July Total Periods : 05 Learning Outcomes advantage of social differences • Understand the disintegration of Yugoslavia At the end of this lesson, students will be able to: • Understand the three determinants of the • Understand the incident of during the Mexico outcome of politics of social divisions Olympics • Interpret how social diversity is normal and • Understand how Mexico Olympics incident healthy for a democracy. gained attention for the Civil Rights Movement • Explain how social difference originates • Explain the various forms of social differences • Understand how political parties take Concept Map Democracy and Diversity A story form Differences, Politics of social Mexico Olympics similarities, divsions divisions • Origin of social • Range of difference outcomes • Over-lapping • Three and cross cutting determinants differences Key Points • Overlapping difference – social division takes place when some social differences overlaps with 1. A story from Mexico Olympics other difference. • The story depicts an important landmark in the • Cross-cutting differences – if social differences history of the Civil Rights Movement in the United cross cut one another, it is difficult to put one States. group of people against another one. • The two men standing with clenched fists upraised and head bowed are the US athletes, 3. Politics of social divisions Tommie Smith and John Carlos. • The International Olympics Association held • Competition among various political parties on Carlos and Smith guilty of violating the Olympic the basis of some existing social division can spirit by making a political statement. transform these social divisions into political • Their medals were taken back. divisions and would further lead to conflicts, • Back home, they were subjected to a lot of violence or even disintegration of the nation. criticism. Even Peter Norman, the Australian athlete, was subjected to criticism. He was not • Political competition along religious and ethnic included in the next Olympics. lines resulted in the disintegration of Yugoslavia • But their action gained attention for the Civil into six independent countries. Rights Movements in the US. 2. Differences, similarities, divisions • Three factors decide the outcome of politics of • Social differences are social identities based on social divisions. accident of birth or on individual choices. • Social division is a situation of conflict based on • It depends on how people perceive their social inequalities such as religion, caste etc. identities. • Social difference divides similar people from one another but they also unite very different people. • Demands that are within the constitutional framework and are not at the cost of another community become easier to accommodate. • It depends on how justly the government reacts to the demands of the different groups. 128

3. Democracy and Diversity Month :June/July Total Periods : 05 Work Plan Practice Sheet PS -1 Concept Coverage Coverage details PS-2 A story of Mexico • The incident of Mexico PS-3 Olympics PS-4 Olympics Differences, similarities, • Origin of social Self-evaluation Sheet division differences Politics of social • Overlapping and cross- divisions cutting differences • Range of outcomes • Three determinants Worksheet for “Demoracy and Diversity” Evaluation with self- check or Peer check* 129

PRACTICE SHEET - 1 (PS-1) 1. Why did Tommie Smith receive his medal wearing black socks and no shoes? 2. Which country’s government adopted the Apartheid policy? 3. Who was Peter Norman? 4. Differentiate between Civil Rights Movement and Black Power Movement. 5. Who are African-Americans? 6. What do you mean by Black Power Movement? 130

PRACTICE SHEET - 2 (PS-2) 1. Mention one impact of migration. 2. What term is used for a society where there are no significant ethnic differences? 3. Give one example to show that cross-cutting social differences are easier to accommodate. 4. Explain the origins of social differences. 5. What is meant by overlapping social difference? Explain its impact. 131

PRACTICE SHEET - 3 (PS-3) 1. ‘Social division of one kind or another exists in most countries.’ In the light of the above statement, mention a few bases of social division in India. 2. Explain with example, the role of political leaders to determine the outcome of politics of social divisions. 3. Suggest any two measures to check the social divisions. 4. Explain the three factors that determine the outcome of politics of social divisions. 5. Do you think that social divisions are always dangerous? Explain. 6. How do social divisions affect politics of a country? Explain. 7. How far is it correct to say that social divisions exist only in big countries like India? 132

PRACTICE SHEET - 4 (PS-4) I. Choose the correct option: c. The Black Power movement 1. Who were African-Americans? d. Apartheid a. People who were born to American and Africans 6. The term Democracy means: b. Few people who were born in that place and face a. a form of government in which the people have the discrimination based on their color authority to choose their governing legislation c. All other people other than Americans are b. a form of government where king has the ultimate considered as Africans power d. Descendants of Africans who were brought into c. a government where people cannot intervene in America as slaves between the 17th century and early the government decisions 19th century d. a government where the power ultimately lies in 2. The term migration means: the hands of the president a. Movement of people from one region to another 7. Overlapping social differences create possibilities or to another region within a country or another of deep social divisions and tensions. Which country country for the purpose of work or other economic faces this? opportunities a. Netherlands b. People belonging to same culture and sect are b. Northern Ireland called migrants c. Both the countries c. When people belonging to same religion tend to d. Neither of them move to another place together in order to avoid 8. Germany and Sweden were once highly conflicts, it is termed as migration homogeneous? What does this mean? d. None of these a. Society which is filled with people from different 3. Which of these countries faced social divisions? regions either for work or economic opportunity a. Belgium b. Society that has similar kinds of people especially b. Sri Lanka where there are no significant ethnic differences c. US c. Society where people are economically equal and d. All of the above countries try to share their wealth if they have more in order to 4. What was Civil Rights Movement? be of same status a. It was a set of violent protests in US aimed at d. People belong to same caste, creed, religion and abolishing legal racial discrimination against African- economic status Americans 9. Why do social differences arise? b. It was a non-violent movement to fight against a. Due to difference in religion, language racial discrimination practiced in the US against b. Due to difference in race and colour African- Americans which was led by Martin Luther c. Due to difference in tradition, custom, culture King Junior d. All the above are reasons c. It was the protest by Americans who had a feeling 10. Why do you think Peter Norman who was neither that Africans were given more favouritism than black nor American joined the ceremony? African- Americans a. To show Support against discrimination d. These were non-violent movements to fight against b. Peter and The two Americans were good friends the basic civil rights of people in America when c. Peter Norman also suffered discrimination in his life communism was flourished d. All of the above 5. Which of the following is more of militant anti-racist movement, advocating even violence if necessary to end racism. a. Civil disobedience movement b. Civil Rights Movement 133

PRACTICE SHEET - 4 (PS-4) II. Short Answer Questions: 1. Recently San Jose University has installed figures of two persons, statues of Tommie Smith and John Carlos in their campus. Who were they? 2. How is overlapping different from cross cutting difference? 3. What can be done to promote national integrity among the people of India? III. Long Answer Questions: 1 .How does a social difference lead to social division? Explain with examples. 2. (i) How is political expression of social division in democracy beneficial? (ii) Why do some people think that it is not correct to politicize social divisions? 134

Self-Evaluation Sheet Marks: 15 Time: 30 Mins 1. Mention the racial similarity between Tommie 5. Explain the causes of social differences. Smith and John Carlos.  (1 mark)  (3 marks) 2. Which university has recently installed the statues of Tommie Smith and John Carlos in its campus?  (1 mark) 6. How do marginalised and deprived people react to social injustice? Explain.  (3 marks) 3. Name the two athletes who raised the issue of Civil Rights in the Mexico Olympics. (1 mark) 4. Who led the Civil Rights Movement in USA?  (1 mark) 7. State five important features of Civil Rights Movement in USA.  (5 marks) Ans: 135

4. Gender, Religion and Caste Month : July Total Periods : 05 Learning Outcomes • Understand the constitution of India and religion At the end of this lesson, students will be able to: • Understand the position of women in Indian • Understand the concept of secular state • Understand the current status of caste related society • Understand the different ways women face prejudice • Interpret the reasons that have blurred the discrimination • Explain the representation of women in politics caste-based divisions • Explain what is communal politics Concept Map Key Points • Many Indian parents still prefer to have a male child. A girl child is killed before her birth in many 1. Gender and politics cases. This has led to an skewed sex ratio in India. • Various movements which are aimed at ensuring • The political representation of women had been equal rights for women are called feminist very poor in the Indian legislatures. Even in the movements. cabinet, the number of women ministers is very • Indian society is still a patriarchal society, even low. though women are now working in many fields. • The literacy rate among women is only 54% • One-third of seats in local government bodies compared with 76% among men. have been reserved for women candidates. This • The percentage of women in highly paid jobs is has helped in increasing women’s representation still very small. 136