ISAN CULTURAL ROUTES

Call in at Saint Anna’s Church Nong Saeng, a magnificent Colonial-style Catholic church built in 1926 that also serves as a symbol of an international city where people from various ethnic groups live together harmoniously. A visit during the Christmas period allows visitors to see the Church beautifully decorated with ornaments and lights. Cycling along the Mekong River Visitors can enjoy cycling along the bike lane that runs in parallel with the Mekong River on Sunthon Wichit Road. The bicycles can be rented from shops around the Vietnamese Memorial Clock Tower. Spend time exploring the history of the city and the culture of the various ethnic groups in Nakhon Phanom province, and learn about the Illuminated Boat Procession at the Former Provincial Governor’s Residence Museum before enjoying delicious Vietnamese food for lunch. Festival FormerProvincialGovernor’sResidenceMuseum The Illuminated Boat Procession The Illuminated Boat Procession is organised at the end of Buddhist Lent to pay homage to the Lord Buddha’s footprint and the Goddess of Water. The boat, made of the trunk of a banana tree and loaded with flowers and lamps, is launched onto the Mekong River when the lamps are lit. Saint Anna’s Church Nong Saeng

In the afternoon, visit Wat Okat Si Bua Ban to pay homage to two revered Buddha images named ‘Phra Tio’ and ‘Phra Thiam’, and then relax by the Si Khotrabun Golden Beach, the golden beach that extends to the Mekong River and can only be seen between February and May. Spend time exploring a variety of products; such as, clothing, bags, souvenirs, and food at the Indo-China Market, which is located nearby. Wat Okat Si Bua Ban Boat Excursion along the Mekong River The Nakhon Phanom Municipality arranges boat trips along the Mekong River from 5.00 p.m. every day, offering visitors the opportunity to enjoy the scenery on both sides of the River during sunset. Crossing the Border to Lao PDR. Visitors can take a boat trip to cross the Mekong River to Thakhek district in Lao PDR. A tourist visa on arrival can be applied using a passport with at least 6 months validity and one passport-size photo, and the fee depending on the passport of origin. Go to Wat Si Thep Pradittharam to pay homage to a Buddha image named Phra Saeng and observe the beautiful murals, both of which are inside the Ubosot (ordination hall). Situated next to the Ubosot is a magnificent golden Chedi containing the ashes of Luangpu Chan, a famous monk of the Northeastern region. Then, visit Wat Maha That that houses Phrathat Nakhon, a Chedi important for people born on Saturdays and contains holy relics. Phrathat Nakhon Wat Si Thep Pradittharam Visitors are recommended to finish the day by going to Ban Na Chok (Ho Chi Minh’s House) and discover the simple lifestyle that Ho Chi Minh, the former President of Vietnam, lived while he sought asylum here in 1924 for 7 years. 101 ISAN CULTURAL routs

Day 4 Start the last day by travelling to Amphoe Pla Pak to Wat That Maha Chai to pay respect to Phrathat Maha Chai, an important Chedi for those born on Wednesdays. Built in 1952, the Chedi is in an octagonal shape and enshrines the relics of the Lord Buddha. The Ubosot houses a principal Buddha image named ‘Phra Phuttha Chaiyasit’ and a Buddha image exquisitely carved from the largest Neem tree in Thailand. Phrathat Maha Chai Then, travel to Amphoe Renu Nakhon and visit the Phu Thai Village in Renu Nakhon to learn about the culture and way of life of the Phu Thai ethnic group that has been residing here for over 200 years. Here, visitors can observe the production process of hand-woven cotton cloth and U (a local alcoholic beverage), enjoy a Pha Laeng (Isan style) dinner, as well as watch and learn the ‘Phu Thai dance’. Then, call in at Wat That Renu to pay homage to Phrathat Renu, a beautiful Chedi that is important for people who were born on Monday. At the temple, visitors can also find several stalls selling local products; such as, the hand-woven cotton cloth made by the Phu Thai Renu people. Phrathat Renu 102 ISAN CULTURAL routes

This afternoon, make a trip to Amphoe That Phanom to make merit at Phrathat Phanom, which is situated in Wat Phrathat Phanom Wora Maha Wihan. Not only is it the most sacred Chedi of Nakhon Phanom province, Phrathat Phanom is also a Chedi for people who were born on Sunday and in the Year of the Monkey. Festival Phrathat Phanom Fair The Phrathat Phanom Fair is an annual event held in February where people from both sides of the Mekong River come to pay respect to the Chedi. Phrathat Si Khun Phrathat Phanom Fair Complete the trip by travelling to Wat Phrathat Si Khun, located in Amphoe Na Kae, to pay homage to Phrathat Si Khun, a beautiful Chedi measuring 24 metres high and is important for people born on Tuesdays. The temple also features an Ubosot that houses Luangpho Sakkayasing, a sacred Buddha image of Amphoe Na Kae. Nakhon Phanom province features birthday Chedis for all seven days. It is believed that merit-making at the appropriate Chedi brings happiness to the merit-maker, and if time allows, visitors are recommended to go to pay homage to all the Chedis. • Sunday : Phrathat Phanom • Monday : Phrathat Renu • Tuesday : Phrathat Si Khun • Wednesday : Phrathat Maha Chai • Thursday : Phrathat Prasit • Friday : Phrathat Tha Uthen • Saturday : Phrathat Nakhon 103 ISAN CULTURAL routs

Contact Information Saint Michael the Archangel Cathedral N17° 15.355’ E104° 11.048’ Sakon Nakhon Ban Tha Rae, Tambon Tha Rae, Amphoe Mueang Sakon Nakhon, Amphoe Mueang Sakon Nakhon Sakon Nakhon Wat Phrathat Choeng Chum Wora Maha Wihan Phu Thai Kata Community at Ban Non Hom N17° 09.855’ E104° 09.163’ N17° 03.113’ E104° 12.597’ Charoen Mueang Road, Ban Non Hom, Tambon Non Hom, Tambon That Choeng Chum, Amphoe Mueang Sakon Nakhon, Amphoe Mueang Sakon Nakhon, Sakon Nakhon Sakon Nakhon Sonchai Khanphiakaeo +66 (8) 1999 2007 Indigo-dyed Cloth Walking Street Namfon Aphiwatthanasiri N17° 09.856’ E104° 09.162’ +66 (8) 6335 3598 Rueang Sawat Road, Remark: Please make an appointment in advance. Tambon That Choeng Chum, Amphoe Mueang Sakon Nakhon, Wat Tham Pha Daen Sakon Nakhon N17° 01.842’ E104° 04.445’ Saturday – Sunday 2.00 p.m. – 9.00 p.m. Ban Dong Noi, Tambon Dong Mafai, Amphoe Mueang Sakon Nakhon, Sakon Nakhon Wat Pa Sutthawat and the Museum of Every day 6.00 a.m. – 6.00 p.m. Achan Man Phurithattathera Puparn Royal Development Study Centre N17° 09.123’ E104° 08.319’ N17° 06.107’ E104° 02.193’ Suk Kasem Road, Tambon Dong Mafai, Ban Na Nok Khao, Tambon Huai Yang, Amphoe Mueang Sakon Nakhon, Amphoe Mueang Sakon Nakhon, Sakon Nakhon Sakon Nakhon +66 (0) 42747458-9, +66 (0) 4271 2975 Nong Han Chaloem Phrakiat Park Every day 8.00 a.m. – 4.30 p.m. N17° 15.656’ E104° 09.335’ Remark: Please make a reservation for Kasetsart University Chalermphrakiat accommodation within the Centre in advance. Sakon Nakhon Province Campus Tambon Chiang Khruea, Puparn Ratchanives Palace Amphoe Mueang Sakon Nakhon, N17° 07.331’ E104° 01.609’ Sakon Nakhon Highway 213 (Sakon Nakhon-Kalasin Road), Tambon Huai Yang, Amphoe Mueang Sakon Ban Tha Rae and Ancient Houses Nakhon, Sakon Nakhon N17° 15.237’ E104° 10.931’ Every day 9.00 a.m. – 4.00 p.m. Ban Tha Rae, Tambon Tha Rae, Amphoe Mueang Sakon Nakhon, Sakon Nakhon 104 ISAN CULTURAL routes

Amphoe Phanna Nikhom Ban Don Koi N17° 21.111’ E104° 01.241’ Wat Tham Kham Ban Don Koi Indigo-dyed Fabric Weaving N17° 13.035’ E103° 54.098’ Community Enterprise Ban Kham Pa, Tambon Rai, 284 Don Koi, Mu 2, Tambon Sawang, Amphoe Phanna Nikhom, Sakon Nakhon Amphoe Phanna Nikhom, Sakon Nakhon Thawin Upri Achan Fan Acharo Museum +66 (8) 7091 2190 at Wat Pa Udom Somphon Remark: Please make an appointment in advance. N17° 21.427’ E103° 51.920’ Ban Un Dong Tambon Phanna, Amphoe Phanna Nikhom, N17° 10.806’ E103° 50.324’ Sakon Nakhon Un Dong – Nong Chai Wan Indigo-dyed Fabric Every day 8.00 a.m. – 5.00 p.m. Weaving Group 31 Mu 1, Tambon Na Nai, Ban Non Ruea Amphoe Phanna Nikhom, Sakon Nakhon N17° 16.598’ E103° 56.930’ Sunee Promgomol Non Ruea Samakkhi Farm Housewife Group +66 (8) 0765 3939, +66 (9) 7032 4939 107 Mu 3, Ban Na Hua Bo, Tambon Na Hua Bo, Remark: Please make an appointment in advance. Amphoe Phanna Nikhom, Sakon Nakhon Waree Chaitamat Amphoe Akat Amnuai +66 (8) 7232 9016 Remark: Please make an appointment in advance. Ban Tham Tao N17° 41.242’ E103° 59.106’ Ban Kham Kha Ban Tham Tao Farmer Housewife Group N17° 15.465’ E103° 54.503’ 164 Mu 1, Ban Tham Tao, Ban Kham Kha Indigo-dyed Fabric Tambon Samakkhi Phatthana, Weaving Group Amphoe Akat Amnuai, Sakon Nakhon 77 Mu 11, Ban Kham Kha Noi, Tambon Rai, Thanyalak Thawikittiphan Amphoe Phanna Nikhom, Sakon Nakhon +66 (8) 6241 2544 Pira Prasertkanthong Remark: Please make an appointment in advance. +66 (0) 4298 1771 Remark: Please make an appointment in advance. Amphoe Kut Bak Ban Na Di Ban Kut Haet N17° 17.335’ E103° 55.699’ N17° 03.760’ E103° 48.823’ Teeta Natural Indigo-dyed Textile Group Ban Kut Haet Indigo-dyed Fabric 1 Mu 14, Ban Na Di, Tambon Na Hua Bo, Community Enterprise Amphoe Phanna Nikhom, Sakon Nakhon Ban Kut Haet, Tambon Kut Bak, Praphaiphan Daengchai (Auntie Jew) Amphoe Kut Bak, Sakon Nakhon +66 (8) 1954 2205 +66 (8) 9570 7927 Remark: Please make an appointment in advance. Tambon Kut Bak Learning Centre Ban Kut Haet, Tambon Kut Bak, Amphoe Kut Bak, Sakon Nakhon +66 (8) 0177 4526 Remark: Please make an appointment in advance. 105 ISAN CULTURAL routs

Amphoe Charoen Sin Saint Anna’s Church Nong Saeng N17° 25.276’ E104° 46.591’ Ban Kut Na Kham Arts and Crafts Centre Sunthon Wichit Road, Tambon Nai Mueang, N17° 35.409’ E103° 36.291’ Amphoe Mueang Nakhon Phanom, Ban Kut Na Kham, Tambon Charoen Sin, Nakhon Phanom Amphoe Charoen Sin, Sakon Nakhon Every day 8.30 a.m. – 4.30 p.m. +66 (0) 4270 9229 Every day 8.00 a.m. – 4.00 p.m. Former Provincial Governor’s Residence Museum Remark: Please make an appointment in N17° 24.960’ E104° 46.805’ advance for group visits. Sunthon Wichit Road, Tambon Nai Mueang, Amphoe Mueang Nakhon Phanom, Amphoe Kusuman Nakhon Phanom +66 (0) 4251 1574 Thai So Cultural Centre Wednesday – Sunday 9.00 a.m. – 5.00 p.m. N17° 19.857’ E104° 20.037’ 20 Baht 333 Mu 1, Tambon Kusuman, Amphoe Kusuman, Sakon Nakhon Wat Okat Si Bua Ban +66 (0) 4276 9052 N17° 24.127’ E104° 47.325’ Monday – Friday 8.30 a.m. – 4.30 p.m. Sunthon Wichit Road, Tambon Nai Mueang, Remark: Please make an appointment in Amphoe Mueang Nakhon Phanom, advance for group visits. Nakhon Phanom Nakhon Phanom Si Khotrabun Golden Beach N17° 24.083’ E104° 47.350’ Amphoe Na Wa Sunthon Wichit Road, Tambon Nai Mueang, Amphoe Mueang Nakhon Phanom, Phrathat Prasit Nakhon Phanom N17° 29.074’ E104° 05.848’ Wat That Prasit Indo-China Market Tambon Na Wa, Amphoe Na Wa, Nakhon Phanom N17° 24.079’ E104° 47.350’ Sunthon Wichit Road, Tambon Nai Mueang, Amphoe Tha Uthen Amphoe Mueang Nakhon Phanom, Nakhon Phanom Phrathat Tha Uthen Every day 8.00 a.m. – 6.00 p.m. N17° 34.914’ E104° 35.494’ Wat Phrathat Tha Uthen Wat Si Thep Pradittharam Ban Tha Uthen, Tambon Tha Uthen, N17° 23.760’ E104° 47.333’ Amphoe Tha Uthen, Nakhon Phanom Si Thep Road, Tambon Nai Mueang, Amphoe Mueang Nakhon Phanom, Amphoe Mueang Nakhon Phanom Nakhon Phanom Every day 8.00 a.m. – 5.00 p.m. Third Thai-Lao Friendship Bridge N17° 28.960’ E104° 43.702’ Ban Hom, Tambon At Samat, Amphoe Mueang Nakhon Phanom, Nakhon Phanom Passport with at least 6 months validity and one passport-size photo Fee ranges between US$ 20 and US$ 42 depending on the passport of origin 106 ISAN CULTURAL routes

Phrathat Nakhon Amphoe That Phanom N17° 23.471’ E104° 47.564’ Wat Maha That Phrathat Phanom Sunthon Wichit Road, N16° 56.519’ E104° 43.473’ Tambon Nai Mueang, Wat Phrathat Phanom Wora Maha Wihan Amphoe Mueang Nakhon Phanom, Chayangkun Road, Ban That Phanom, Nakhon Phanom Tambon That Phanom, Amphoe That Phanom, Every day 8.00 a.m. – 8.00 p.m. Nakhon Phanom Every day 8.00 a.m. – 6.00 p.m. Ban Na Chok (Ho Chi Minh’s House) Amphoe Na Kae N17° 22.450’ E104° 45.667’ Ban Na Chok, Tambon Nong Yat, Phrathat Si Khun Amphoe Mueang Nakhon Phanom, N16° 56.699’ E104° 29.820’ Nakhon Phanom Wat Phrathat Si Khun Every day 8.00 a.m. – 4.30 p.m. Ban Na Kae Noi, Tambon Na Kae, Amphoe Na Kae, Nakhon Phanom Amphoe Pla Pak Useful contact information Phrathat Maha Chai in Sakon Nakhon and N17° 16.715’ E104° 27.538’ Nakhon Phanom Wat That Maha Chai Ban Maha Chai, Tambon Maha Chai, Tourism Authority of Thailand (TAT), Amphoe Pla Pak, Nakhon Phanom Nakhon Phanom Office (Responsible areas: Mukdahan, Nakhon Phanom, Amphoe Renu Nakhon and Sakon Nakhon) Phu Thai Village in Renu Nakhon +66 (0) 4251 3490-1 N17° 03.029’ E104° 39.881’ Ban Phu Thai Highway Police 1193 117 Mu 1, Tambon Renu, Tourist Police 1155 Amphoe Renu Nakhon, Nakhon Phanom +66 (0) 4257 9520 Remark: Please make an appointment in advance. Phrathat Renu Please visit N17° 02.860’ E104° 40.573’ www.tourismthailand.org/Sakon-Nakhon Wat That Renu for more information on accommodation, Ban Renu Nakhon, Tambon Renu, restaurants, and attractions in Sakon Nakhon Amphoe Renu Nakhon, Nakhon Phanom www.tourismthailand.org/Nakhon-Phanom Every day 6.00 a.m. – 7.00 p.m. for more information on accommodation, restaurants, and attractions in Nakhon Phanom. Remark: It is recommended that visitors use a tour guide when travelling this route, as there may be a language barrier. 107 ISAN CULTURAL routs

ROUTE 8 NAKHON PHANOM – BUENG KAN The Trip to Discover Extraordinary Architecture and Charming Cultural Heritage along the Mekong River Introduction: The Nakhon Phanom – Bueng Kan route commences in Nakhon Phanom province, where visitors are recommended to first go to make merit at the magnificent Phrathat Phanom. Then, learn about the culture of the Phu Thai ethnic group at the Phu Thai Village in Renu Nakhon before spending time exploring stunning architecture at various temples along the Mekong River. Continue to Bueng Kan province and walk up the wooden stairs to pay homage to the Lord Buddha’s relics and admire the beauty of nature at Kaeng Ahong, the naval of the Mekong River. 108 ISAN CULTURAL routes

To 13 Mekong LAO PDR. Amphoe River Ban Phaeng 11 LAO PDR. 10 2028 Amphoe 12 212 Mekong River Tha Uthen 212 To Amphoe Phon Sawan Amphoe Mueang 240 7 Nakhon Phanom 98 4 22 6 5 22 212 240 To Sakon 212 Nakhon 2276 2033 2105 Nakhon Phanom Amphoe 2 Amphoe That Phanom Renu Nakhon 3 1. Phrathat Phanom 2031 Amphoe Renu Nakhon 2. Phrathat Renu 2033 212 3. Phu Thai Village in Renu Nakhon Amphoe Na Kae 1 Amphoe Mueang Nakhon Phanom 4. Ban Na Chok (Ho Chi Minh’s House) To Sakon 223 212 5. Phrathat Nakhon Nakhon 6. Wat Si Thep Pradittharam Amphoe To 7. Indo-China Market Mukdahan 8. Si Khotrabun Golden Beach To That Phanom 9. Wat Okat Si Bua Ban 10. Former Provincial Governor’s Mukdahan Residence Museum 11. Saint Anna’s Church Nong Saeng 12. Third Thai-Lao Friendship Bridge Amphoe Tha Uthen 13. Phrathat Tha Uthen

Bueng Kan Amphoe Si Wilai 1. Wat Chetiya Khiri Wihan Amphoe Mueang Bueng Kan 2. Wat Photharam 3. Wat Ahong Silawat and Kaeng Ahong 3 212 2 LAO PDR. To Amphoe Mueang 212 Mekong River Nong Khai Bueng Kan 3009 Amphoe 5019 1 2095 Si Wilai 2005 2095 3009 2267 3012 212 222 To 2026 Nong Khai To Nakhon 2026 Phanom 2417 2094 To Nakhon Phanom To Sakon To Nakhon Nakhon Phanom To Sakon Nakhon

Day 1 Start the journey by going to Wat Phrathat Phanom in Amphoe That Phanom to pay homage to the most sacred Chedi in Nakhon Phanom province named Phrathat Phanom. Containing the breastbones of the Lord Buddha, the Chedi was built over 2,300 years ago and is believed to grant happiness to the merit-maker. Festival Phrathat Phanom Fair Usually held in February, the Phrathat Phanom Fair is an annual event where people from the Northeastern region of Thailand and Lao PDR. come to pay respect to the Chedi. Phrathat Phanom Make a trip to Amphoe Renu Nakhon to visit Wat That Renu that houses Phrathat Renu, which is outstandingly built in the same style as that of Phrathat Phanom. People who come to pay homage to Phrathat Renu, especially those who were born on Monday, are believed to be granted happiness and beautiful skin. Apart from making merit, people who visit Wat That Renu can also purchase local products and handicrafts made by the Phu Thai Renu people from many stalls within the temple’s grounds. Phrathat Renu Take some time to learn about the culture and tradition of the Phu Thai ethnic group at the Phu Thai Village in Renu Nakhon. Here visitors can explore the local way of life; such as, producing hand-woven cotton cloth and making U (local alcoholic beverage). A homestay experience that includes a Pha Laeng (Isan style) dinner and a Phu Thai dance performance is also available for interested visitors. 111 ISAN CULTURAL routes

Phrathat Nakhon Continue the journey to Amphoe Mueang Nakhon Phanom and observe how Ho Chi Minh, the former President of Vietnam, lived while he sought asylum in Thailand for 7 years at Ban Na Chok (Ho Chi Minh’s House). Several Vietnamese families have relocated to live in Nakhon Phanom province, and visitors can enjoy mouthwatering Vietnamese food for lunch. With a full stomach, start the afternoon tour by going to pay homage to Phrathat Nakhon, a Chedi that enshrines holy relics, at Wat Maha That. The Ubosot (ordination hall) inside the temple also houses an ancient Buddha image named ‘Luangpho Ong Saen’. Ban Na Chok (Ho Chi Minh’s House) 112 ISAN CULTURAL routes

Cycling along the Mekong River Visitors can enjoy cycling along the bike lane that runs in parallel with the Mekong River on Sunthon Wichit Road. The bicycles can be rented from shops around the Vietnamese Memorial Clock Tower. Vietnamese Memorial Clock Tower Visit Wat Si Thep Pradittharam, an ancient temple featuring Ubosot with beautiful murals depicting the life of the Lord Buddha, a sacred Buddha image named ‘Phra Saeng’, a golden Chedi containing the ashes of venerable Luangpu Chan, and a stunning Kuti (monk’s residence) that has won an architectural award. Enjoy shopping at the Indo-China Market, which offers a wide array of products including clothing, snacks, and souvenirs. If your visit is between February and May, visit Si Khotrabun Golden Beach, a beautiful beach that extends to the middle of the Mekong River around four months a year. Wat Si Thep Pradittharam Boat Excursion along the Mekong River Indo-China Market A popular activity is to take a boat trip to view the beautiful scenery on both sides of the Mekong River, which begins around 5.00 p.m. every day. Crossing the Border to Lao PDR. Visitors can take a boat to cross the Mekong River to Thakhek district in Lao PDR. A tourist visa on arrival can be applied using a passport with at least 6 months validity and one passport-size photo, and the fee depending on the passport of origin. 113 ISAN CULTURAL routes

Day 2 Begin the day by visiting Wat Okat Si Bua Ban to pay homage to two Buddha images with an interesting story. Legend has it that when Phra Tio was believed to be burned down during a fire at the temple, Phra Thiam was carved to replace Phra Tio, but then Phra Tio was later found in the Mekong River. Therefore, both Buddha images are now placed together inside the Ubosot. Then, call in at the Former Provincial Governor’s Residence Museum to find out more about the history and culture that helped define Nakhon Phanom province, as well as learn more about the Illuminated Boat Procession, which is an important event of the province. Wat Okat Si Bua Ban Former Provincial Governor’s Residence Museum Festival The Illuminated Boat Procession The event is held at the end of Buddhist Lent (around October) to pay homage to the Lord Buddha’s footprint and the Goddess of Water where the boat, which is made of the trunk of a banana tree and loaded with flowers and lamps is launched onto the Mekong River. The Illuminated Boat Procession

Continue the journey to Saint Anna’s Church Saint Anna’s Church Nong Saeng Nong Saeng, a Catholic church that was built in 1926 and is a symbol of an intercultural city where a mixture of ethnic groups live together peacefully. The beautifully constructed church is particularly striking during the Christmas period when it is decorated with ornaments and lights. Proceed onto the Third Thai-Lao Friendship Bridge, a two-lane bridge measuring 13 metres wide and 1,423 metres long. If time permits, visitors can cross the bridge to Thakhek district in Khammouane province of Lao PDR. Crossing the Third Thai-Lao Friendship Bridge to Khammouane province Documents required for a 30-day tourist visa on arrival include: • Passport with at least 6 months validity • One passport-size photo • The fee depending on the passport of origin Third Thai-Lao Friendship Bridge In the afternoon, travel to Wat Phrathat Tha Uthen in Amphoe Tha Uthen to pay respect to Phrathat Tha Uthen. The Chedi houses the Lord Buddha’s relics and is believed to grant happiness and success to those who come to make merit, especially those who were born on Friday. Phrathat Tha Uthen 115 ISAN CULTURAL routes

Wat Photharam Day 3 Depart Nakhon Phanom province and make a journey to Bueng Kan province. The first destination is Wat Chetiya Khiri Wihan or Wat Phu Thok, which is situated on Phu Thok in Amphoe Si Wilai. A set of stairs and wooden bridge, built with the faith of the locals, winds around the hill, leading to the top of Phu Thok. Visitors can enjoy the tranquil natural surroundings as well as pay homage to the Lord Buddha’s relics that are enshrined inside the ‘Phuttha Wihan’. ‘Phu Thok’ means ‘isolated mountain’ in Isan dialect and was given this name because this mountain stands out and can be seen even from afar. Wat Chetiya Khiri Wihan (Wat Phu Thok) After lunch, travel to Amphoe Mueang Bueng Kan to Wat Photharam, which houses Luangpho Phra Yai, a sacred Buddha image that people come to pray for prosperity and wealth. Measuring 2 metres wide and 2.1 metres high, Luangpho Phra Yai is in the subduing Mara posture and was accidently discovered by the locals along with ancient artefacts including pottery and tools. Another interesting object at the temple is a display of an ancient junk that was sunk into the Mekong River in 1947. 116 ISAN CULTURAL routes

Complete the trip by visiting Wat Ahong Silawat and Kaeng Ahong that are situated by the Mekong River. Embraced by boulders of various shapes and sizes, Wat Ahong Silawat features a beautiful Ubosot that houses a Buddha image named ‘Phra Phuttha Khuwanan Satsada’. Located in front of the Ubosot is Kaeng Ahong, which is believed to be the deepest section or the navel of the Mekong River. Wat Ahong Silawat Kaeng Ahong is believed to be an underwater kingdom beneath the Mekong River and is one of the best places to visit during the Naga Fireball phenomenon. The special feature of the Naga fireballs seen here is that they are in a green colour whereas other places have pink fireballs. Festival Naga Fire Ball Phenomenon At the end of Buddhist Lent (around October), people gather by the Mekong River to witness the Naga Fire Ball Phenomenon. It is believed that the Naga launches the fireballs as a way to pay respect to the Lord Buddha on the full moon of the 11th lunar month. The best places to see the Naga fireballs in Bueng Kan province are Kaeng Ahong in Amphoe Mueang Bueng Kan, Amphoe Pak Khat, and Amphoe Bueng Khong Long. Kaeng Ahong

Contact Information Nakhon Phanom Wat Si Thep Pradittharam N17° 23.760’ E104° 47.333’ Amphoe That Phanom Si Thep Road, Tambon Nai Mueang, Amphoe Mueang Nakhon Phanom, Phrathat Phanom Nakhon Phanom N16° 56.519’ E104° 43.473’ Every day 8.00 a.m. – 5.00 p.m. Wat Phrathat Phanom Wora Maha Wihan Chayangkun Road, Ban That Phanom, Indo-China Market Tambon That Phanom, Amphoe That Phanom, N17° 24.079’ E104° 47.350’ Nakhon Phanom Sunthon Wichit Road, Tambon Nai Mueang, Every day 8.00 a.m. – 6.00 p.m. Amphoe Mueang Nakhon Phanom, Nakhon Phanom Amphoe Renu Nakhon Every day 8.00 a.m. – 6.00 p.m. Phrathat Renu Si Khotrabun Golden Beach N17° 02.860’ E104° 40.573’ N17° 24.083’ E104° 47.350’ Wat That Renu Sunthon Wichit Road, Tambon Nai Mueang, Ban Renu Nakhon, Tambon Renu, Amphoe Mueang Nakhon Phanom, Amphoe Renu Nakhon, Nakhon Phanom Nakhon Phanom Every day 6.00 a.m. – 7.00 p.m. Wat Okat Si Bua Ban Phu Thai Village in Renu Nakhon N17° 24.127’ E104° 47.325’ N17° 03.029’ E104° 39.881’ Sunthon Wichit Road, Tambon Nai Mueang, Ban Phu Thai Amphoe Mueang Nakhon Phanom, 117 Mu 1, Tambon Renu, Nakhon Phanom Amphoe Renu Nakhon, Nakhon Phanom +66 (0) 4257 9520 Former Provincial Governor’s Residence Museum Remark: Please make an appointment in advance. N17° 24.960’ E104° 46.805’ Sunthon Wichit Road, Tambon Nai Mueang, Amphoe Mueang Nakhon Phanom Amphoe Mueang Nakhon Phanom, Nakhon Phanom Ban Na Chok (Ho Chi Minh’s House) +66 (0) 4251 1574 N17° 22.450’ E104° 45.667’ Wednesday – Sunday 9.00 a.m. – 5.00 p.m. Ban Na Chok, Tambon Nong Yat, 20 Baht Amphoe Mueang Nakhon Phanom, Nakhon Phanom Saint Anna’s Church Nong Saeng Every day 8.00 a.m. – 4.30 p.m. N17° 25.276’ E104° 46.591’ Sunthon Wichit Road, Tambon Nai Mueang, Phrathat Nakhon Amphoe Mueang Nakhon Phanom, N17° 23.471’ E104° 47.564’ Nakhon Phanom Wat Maha That Every day 8.30 a.m. – 4.30 p.m. Sunthon Wichit Road, Tambon Nai Mueang, Amphoe Mueang Nakhon Phanom, Nakhon Phanom Every day 8.00 a.m. – 8.00 p.m. 118 ISAN CULTURAL routes

Third Thai-Lao Friendship Bridge Useful contact information N17° 28.960’ E104° 43.702’ in Nakhon PHANOM and Ban Hom, Tambon At Samat, BUENG KAN Amphoe Mueang Nakhon Phanom, Nakhon Phanom Tourism Authority of Thailand (TAT), Passport with at least 6 months validity Nakhon Phanom Office and one passport-size photo (Responsible areas: Mukdahan, Nakhon Phanom, Fee ranges between US$ 20 and US$ 42 and Sakon Nakhon) depending on the passport of origin +66 (0) 4251 3490-1 Amphoe Tha Uthen Tourism Authority of Thailand (TAT), Phrathat Tha Uthen Udon Thani Office N17° 34.914’ E104° 35.494’ (Responsible areas: Bueng Kan, Nong Khai, and Wat Phrathat Tha Uthen Udon Thani) Ban Tha Uthen, Tambon Tha Uthen, Amphoe Tha Uthen, Nakhon Phanom +66 (0) 4232 5406-7 Bueng Kan Highway Police 1193 Tourist Police 1155 Amphoe Si Wilai Please visit Wat Chetiya Khiri Wihan www.tourismthailand.org/Nakhon-Phanom N18° 07.950’ E103° 52.850’ for more information on accommodation, Phu Thok, Ban Kham Khaen, restaurants, and attractions in Nakhon Phanom. Tambon Na Saeng, Amphoe Si Wilai, www.tourismthailand.org/Bueng-Kan Bueng Kan for more information on accommodation, Remark: Phu Thok is closed on 10-16 April restaurants, and attractions in Bueng Kan. of every year. Remark: It is recommended that visitors use a tour Amphoe Mueang Bueng Kan guide when travelling this route, as there may be a language barrier. Wat Photharam N18° 20.326’ E103° 41.529’ Ban Tha Khrai, Tambon Bueng Kan, Amphoe Mueang Bueng Kan, Bueng Kan Wat Ahong Silawat and Kaeng Ahong N18° 25.310’ E103° 28.130’ Ban Ahong Tambon Khai Si, Amphoe Mueang Bueng Kan, Bueng Kan 119 ISAN CULTURAL routes

ROUTE 9 NONG KHAI – BUENG KAN Intriguing Cities by the Mekong River with the Mysterious Myth of Naga Fireballs and the Underwater World Introduction: The Nong Khai – Bueng Kan route along the Mekong River starts in Nong Khai province by making merit at Phrathat Bang Phuan. Cross the First Thai-Lao Friendship Bridge to Vientiane, before coming back to Thailand and paying homage to the highly revered Luangpho Phra Sai at Wat Pho Chai. Proceed to Bueng Kan province and explore the deepest part of the Mekong River at Kaeng Ahong and complete the trip by spending some peaceful time at Phu Thok. 120 ISAN CULTURAL routes

Nong Khai LAO PDR. To Amphoe Amphoe Mueang Nong Khai Phon 1. Phrathat Bang Phuan Phisai 2. Hat Chom Mani 3. First Thai-Lao Friendship Bridge 6 4. Tha Sadet Market 5. Wat Pho Chai 3040 6. Phrathat La Nong (Phrathat Klang Nam) 45 3 212 2 Amphoe 2024 Mueang Nong Khai 233 2 Mekong River To 242 Amphoe Tha Bo 2 To 1 211 Amphoe Tha Bo 2 To Udon Thani

Bueng Kan Amphoe Mueang Bueng Kan 1. Wat Ahong Silawat and Kaeng Ahong 2. Wat Photharam Amphoe Si Wilai 3. Wat Chetiya Khiri Wihan 1 212 2 LAO PDR. To Amphoe Mueang 212 Mekong River Nong Khai Bueng Kan 3009 Amphoe 5019 3 2095 Si Wilai 2005 2095 3009 2267 3012 212 222 To 2026 Nong Khai To Nakhon 2026 Phanom 2417 2094 To Nakhon Phanom To Sakon To Nakhon Nakhon Phanom To Sakon Nakhon

Day 1 Phrathat Bang Phuan Start off in Amphoe Mueang Nong Khai and visit Wat Phrathat Bang Phuan to pay homage to Phrathat Bang Phuan, an ancient Chedi that plays an important role in being the centre of faith of the people in Nong Khai province. Also located within the temple area is ‘Satta Mahasathan’, the ‘seven great sites’ that represent the places that Lord Buddha lived after his enlightenment. If your visit is during the dry season, particularly in April, then stop by at Hat Chom Mani, which is a 200-metre-long sandy beach by the Mekong River that only appears when the water level is low. Hat Chom Mani 123 ISAN CULTURAL routes

Festival Bun Bang Fai Rocket Festival The Festival, held in the 7th lunar month, is where visitors can witness a Bang Fai (rocket) parade, a local performance, and the launching of the Bang Fai. Located not far from Hat Chom Mani is the First Thai-Lao Friendship Bridge that connects Amphoe Mueang Nong Khai and Vientiane of Lao PDR. The 1,170-metre-long Bridge also enables visitors to continue the journey to Luang Phrabang of Lao PDR. and Vietnam. Bun Bang Fai Rocket Festival Crossing the First Thai-Lao Friendship Bridge to Vientiane of Lao PDR. Visitors can cross the First Thai-Lao Friendship Bridge to explore various interesting attractions in Vientiane; such as, Phrathat Luang Vientiane, Wat Phra Kaeo, as well as morning and evening markets. Documents required for a 30-day tourist visa on arrival include: • Passport with at least 6 months validity • One passport-size photo Fee ranges between US$ 20 and US$ 42 depending on the passport of origin. Operating Hours: Every day 6.00 a.m. – 10.00 p.m. First Thai-Lao Friendship Bridge

Visitors can enjoy another form of travel to Lao PDR. by taking a train from Nong Khai Railway Station to Tha Na Laeng of Vientiane. The 3.5-kilometre-long rail link across the Mekong River is the only rail connection between Thailand and Lao PDR. Nong Khai Railway Station Enjoy ‘Naem Nueang’ for lunch and then go on a shopping spree at the Tha Sadet Market, which is a popular market among the locals and tourists featuring local and Indo-Chinese products; such as, silk products, basketry, electronic appliances, souvenirs, and snacks. The Market also serves as a pier for taking the boat to cross the Mekong River to Lao PDR. Naem Nueang Tha Sadet Market A must-have dish when visiting Nong Khai Naem Nueang province, Naem Nueang is a Vietnamese 125 dish made of pork and assorted vegetables wrapped in rice noodles with spicy and ISAN CULTURAL routes sweet sauce.

Spend time at Wat Pho Chai, a famous temple that houses the most sacred Buddha image of Nong Khai province named ‘Luangpho Phra Sai’. A seated Buddha image in the subduing Mara posture, Luangpho Phra Sai is made of gold and measures 81.28 centimetres wide and 124.46 centimetres high. Legend of Luangpho Phra Sai Legend has it that during the reign of King Rama III, the three Buddha images names Phra Suk, Phra Soem, and Phra Sai, were relocated from Lao PDR. There was a storm during the move, and Phra Suk sank in the river. The other two survived the storm and Phra Soem was taken to Bangkok, while Phra Sai was enshrined at Wat Pho Chai. Luangpho Phra Sai Wat Pho Chai 126 ISAN CULTURAL routes

FestivalS Phrathat La Nong Bun Bang Fai Festival Songkran Festival On the full moon day of the 7th lunar month 127 (around June), the Bun Bang Fai Festival is organised at Wat Pho Chai to make merit to ISAN CULTURAL routes Luangpho Phra Sai. Songkran Festival On 13 April of every year, Wat Pho Chai organises the Songkran (Thai New Year) Festival and takes Luangpho Phra Sai on a procession for devotees to bathe the Buddha image in holy water. From Wat Pho Chai, travel to Phrathat La Nong, also known as ‘Phrathat Klang Nam’, which means ‘Chedi in the middle of the water’. Phrathat La Nong is an ancient Chedi that was constantly flooded and eventually collapsed into the middle of the Mekong River. The local people joined hands to build a replica of the Chedi, containing some parts the original one.

Phrathat La Nong Story has it that Phrathat La Nong was constructed by 5 Arahants (those who have advanced along the path of enlightenment in Buddhism) who brought the Lord Buddha’s relics to be enshrined at 6 different places. Phrathat La Nong is one of the 6 places and enshrines 9 pieces of the Lord Buddha’s right foot. Day 2 Leave Nong Khai province and continue the journey along the Mekong River to Amphoe Mueang Bueng Kan in Bueng Kan province. Visit Wat Ahong Silawat and Kaeng Ahong that are situated by the Mekong River to see the mysterious beauty of boulders of various shapes and sizes scattered around the temple’s grounds. Inside the Ubosot (ordination hall) of Wat Ahong Silawat is a Buddha image named ‘Phra Phuttha Khuwanan Satsada’, whereas located in front of the Ubosot is ‘Kaeng Ahong’, which is believed to be the deepest section or what the locals called ‘the navel’ of the Mekong River. 128 ISAN CULTURAL routes

Wat Ahong Silawat Kaeng Ahong is believed to be an underwater kingdom beneath the Mekong River. It is one of the best places to visit during the Naga Fireball phenomenon, and the Naga fireballs seen here during the phenomenon are a green colour whereas the fireballs in other places are a pink colour. The people of the Northeastern region of Thailand, particularly Nong Khai and Bueng Kan provinces have a strong belief that the Naga lives in an underwater kingdom in the Mekong River. Naga is a large snake with a golden crest, scale-like fish and red pair of eyes, and legend has it that the Nagas appear towards the end of Buddhist Lent and launches fireballs as a way to pay respect to the Lord Buddha. Festival Naga Fire Ball Phenomenon At the end of Buddhist Lent (around October), locals and tourists come to the Mekong River to marvel at the spectacular Naga Fire Ball Phenomenon. The best places to see the Naga fireballs in Bueng Kan province are Kaeng Ahong in Amphoe Mueang Bueng Kan, Amphoe Pak Khat, and Amphoe Bueng Khong Long. 129 ISAN CULTURAL routes

Wat Photharam Make a visit to Wat Photharam to pay respect to Luangpho Phra Yai, an ancient Buddha image that was discovered by the locals along with ancient artefacts including pottery and tools. The Buddha image is in the subduing Mara posture and measures 2 metres wide and 2.1 metres high. Visitors to the temple can also find an ancient junk that was sunk in the Mekong River in 1947 and was brought to be displayed here. After lunch, travel to Amphoe Si Wilai to Wat Chetiya Khiri Wihan or Wat Phu Thok. A bridge and a set of stairs wind around the mountain leading to the top of Phu Thok. There, visitors can pay homage to the Lord Buddha’s relics that are enshrined inside ‘Phuttha Wihan’, as well as enjoy a quiet and peaceful time amidst the natural beauty. The tranquil surroundings have made this temple a great place for meditation practice and for visitors to conclude the trip. ‘Phu Thok’ means Wat Chetiya Khiri Wihan (Wat Phu Thok) ‘isolated mountain’ in Isan dialect and was given this name because this mountain stands out and can be seen even from afar. 130 ISAN CULTURAL routes

Contact Information Bueng Kan Nong Khai Amphoe Mueang Bueng Kan Amphoe Mueang Nong Khai Wat Ahong Silawat and Kaeng Ahong N18° 25.310’ E103° 28.130’ Phrathat Bang Phuan Ban Ahong, Tambon Khai Si, N17° 44.650’ E102° 40.883’ Amphoe Mueang Bueng Kan, Bueng Kan 172 Ban Don Mu, Tambon Phrathat Bang Phuan, Wat Photharam Amphoe Mueang Nong Khai, Nong Khai N18° 20.326’ E103° 41.529’ Ban Tha Khrai, Tambon Bueng Kan, Hat Chom Mani Amphoe Mueang Bueng Kan, Bueng Kan N17° 52.600’ E102° 42.800’ Ban Chom Mani, Tambon Michai, Amphoe Si Wilai Amphoe Mueang Nong Khai, Nong Khai Wat Chetiya Khiri Wihan First Thai-Lao Friendship Bridge N18° 07.950’ E103° 52.850’ N17° 52.523’ E102° 42.963’ Phu Thok, Ban Kham Khaen, Ban Chom Mani, Tambon Michai, Tambon Na Saeng, Amphoe Si Wilai, Bueng Kan Amphoe Mueang Nong Khai, Nong Khai Remark: Phu Thok is closed on 10-16 April Passport with at least 6 months validity of every year. and one passport-size photo Fee ranges between US$ 20 and US$ 42 Useful contact information depending on the passport of origin in NONG KHAI and BUENG KAN Every day 6.00 a.m. – 10.00 p.m. Tourism Authority of Thailand (TAT), Tha Sadet Market N17° 53.133’ E102° 44.833’ Udon Thani Office Rim Khong Road, Tambon Nai Mueang, Amphoe Mueang Nong Khai, Nong Khai (Responsible areas: Bueng Kan, Nong Khai, and Every day 8.00 a.m. – 5.00 p.m. Udon Thani) Wat Pho Chai N17° 53.083’ E102° 45.433’ +66 (0) 4232 5406-7 873 Mu 10, Soi Phra Sai, Prachak Sinlapakhom Road, Highway Police 1193 Tambon Nai Mueang, Tourist Police 1155 Amphoe Mueang Nong Khai, Nong Khai Please visit www.tourismthailand.org/Nong-Khai Phrathat La Nong (Phrathat Klang Nam) for more information on accommodation, N17° 53.933’ E102° 46.133’ restaurants, and attractions in Nong Khai. Rim Khong Road, Tambon Nai Mueang, www.tourismthailand.org/Bueng-Kan Amphoe Mueang Nong Khai, Nong Khai for more information on accommodation, restaurants, and attractions in Bueng Kan. Remark: It is recommended that visitors use a tour guide when travelling this route, as there may be a language barrier. 131 ISAN CULTURAL routes

ROUTE 10 UDON THANI – NONG KHAI From the Land of the Five-Thousand-Year Civilisation and Mi Khit Cloth to the City of the Nagas and Luangpho Phra Sai Introduction: The Udon Thani – Nong Khai route starts in Udon Thani, a province rich in cultural heritage where visitors can learn about the strong bond of the Thai and Chinese people and discover the beauty of Mi Khit textiles. Visitors also get to explore the rich history of Udon Thani province that dates back over 5,000 years at Ban Chiang. Then, move on to Nong Khai province and spend time learning about the relationship of the Thai people and Buddhism through temple visits. Enjoy a boat excursion along the Mekong River and cross the First Thai-Lao Friendship Bridge to visit a neighbouring country. 132 ISAN CULTURAL routes

16 To Nong Khai 2376 Amphoe Na Yung 15 2 2096 2348 7 13 2255 2022 Amphoe Ban Phue 2021 14 2097 216 2312 Amphoe Mueang Udon Thani 6 22 2 31 2096 216 10 42 11 210 5 12 To Nong Bua Udon Thani Amphoe Lam Phu International Airport Nong Han 216 22 To Sakon Nakhon 9 2350 2 8 UDON THANI Amphoe Kumphawapi To Khon Kaen Amphoe Mueang Udon Thani Amphoe Nong Han 1. City Pillar Shrine 10. Ban Chiang National Museum 2. Wat Matchimawat 11. Excavation Site within Wat Pho Si Nai 3. Nong Prachak Sinlapakhom Public Park 12. Ban Chiang Local Textile Weaving Group 4. Wat Phothisomphon 5. Wat Thipphayaratnimit Amphoe Ban Phue 6. Udon Thani Thai-Chinese Cultural Centre 13. Wa Pa Ban Kho 14. Wat Phra Phutthabat Bua Ban and Chao Pu-Ya Shrine 15. Phu Phrabat Historical Park 7. Ban Na Kha Amphoe Na Yung Amphoe Kumphawapi 16. Wat Pa Phu Kon 8. Phrathat Don Kaeo 9. Red Lotus Sea

Mekong River 1 Amphoe 2 3 Lao PDR. Sangkhom 211 Mekong Ri 4028 11 Amphoe 4 Si Chiang Mai 9 3040 10 242 212 To Amphoe 8 Phon Phisai 7 5 233 2 Amphoe Tha Bo 211 ver Amphoe Mueang Nong Khai 6 211 2 Nong Khai To Udon Thani Amphoe Sangkhom 1. Wat Pha Tak Suea Amphoe Mueang Nong Khai 6. Phrathat Bang Phuan Amphoe Si Chiang Mai 7. Hat Chom Mani 2. Ban Wang Nam Mok 8. First Thai-Lao Friendship Bridge 3. Wat Hin Mak Peng 9. Tha Sadet Market 4. Wat Aranyabanphot 10. Wat Pho Chai 11. Phrathat La Nong (Phrathat Klang Nam) Amphoe Tha Bo 5. Wat Si Chomphu Ong Tue

Day 1 City Pillar Shrine Start the trip in Amphoe Mueang Udon Thani by paying homage to the City Pillar and pray for happiness and protection at the City Pillar Shrine. The Shrine was constructed in 1959 and renovated to showcase a beautiful mix of Northeastern and modern Thai style of architecture in 1999, while the City Pillar is made of a 5-metre-long golden rain tree wood in which 3 metres were under the ground. The City Pillar Shrine in Udon Thani province is believed to grant success in work, and it is recommended for worshippers to walk in and out the same door before and after praying in order for their wishes to come true. Festival Thung Si Mueang Festival Held at Thung Si Mueang Park in December of every year, the Festival features a procession, local performances, contests, and stalls selling local products, particularly hand-woven cloth and Mi Khit cloth produced by the locals. Visit Wat Matchimawat, an ancient temple that was constructed around the same time as the establishment of Udon Thani city in 1893. Enshrined within the Ubosot (ordination hall) is ‘Luangpho Nak’, an ancient Buddha image seated under the cover of a Naga. Nong Prachak Sinlapakhom Public Park Continue to Nong Prachak Sinlapakhom Public Park, a public park where people enjoy spending time relaxing, exercising by running or cycling around the lake, and taking photos with the huge yellow duck that has become the icon of the Park. 135 ISAN CULTURAL routes

Call in at Wat Phothisomphon and pay homage to the 1,300-year-old Buddha image made of laterite and the 600-year-old bronze Buddha image named ‘Phra Phuttha Ratsami’. The temple also houses a replica of the Lord Buddha’s footprint that was brought from Nakhon Phanom province, and a spectacular Chedi named ‘Phra Borommathat Thamma Chedi’ that enshrines the Lord Buddha’s relics. Wat Phothisomphon Then, proceed to Wat Thipphayaratnimit, also known as Wat Pa Ban Chik to observe the beautiful Chedi that contains the Lord Buddha’s relics and the sculpture of Luangpu Thira Thitathammo who was the former abbot of the temple. There is also a beautiful Ubosot that showcases the combination of the Sukhothai and Ayutthaya styles of architecture. Udon Thani Thai-Chinese Cultural Centre & Chao Pu-Ya Shrine After lunch, visit the Udon Thani Thai-Chinese Cultural Centre, which was established to conserve the arts, culture, and way of life of the Thai-Chinese community. The highlight is the Museum of Morality that displays the history, culture, and tradition of the Chinese community that has been living in Udon Thani province for over 120 years, as well as the exhibition about Confucius and his teachings. There is also a Chinese-style garden featuring 24 stone carvings, auspicious plants, and a beautiful pond. Once there, visitors are also recommended to visit the Chao Pu-Ya Shrine, a Chinese spirit shrine that is located next to the Centre, to pay respect to Chao Pu and Chao Ya, the deity highly revered by the Thai-Chinese community. 136 ISAN CULTURAL routes

Make a trip to Ban Na Kha, a village known for producing beautiful Mi Khit cloth, which is the distinctive product of Udon Thani province. Visitors can observe the villagers weaving Mi Khit cloth at the Wat Bua Chum Library Local Wisdom Museum. Then visit the Ban Na Kha Textiles Market, one of the largest indigo-dyed and Mi Khit textile centres in the Northeastern region. The Market offers a large collection of textiles including Mi Khit textiles, silk textiles, indigo-dyed Matmi textiles, and Khit textiles. Ban Na Kha Textiles Market Mi Khit textile is the textile that uses a combination of Matmi (tying the cotton or silk yarns before dyeing in colour to reveal patterns after they are untied) and Khit (using a stick to raise the threads while weaving to make an embossed pattern) techniques, resulting in an even more elaborated pattern on the textile. Travel to Amphoe Kumphawapi to pay homage to Phrathat Don Kaeo, also known as Phra Maha That Chedi, which resembles Phrathat Phanom in Nakhon Phanom province. Surrounding the Phrathat are Bai Sema (boundary stones) and Sao Hin (stone posts) that are believed to have been built around 557-757. Day 2 Rise early and visit the Red Lotus Sea, a freshwater swamp that is carpeted with pink water lily flowers. Here, visitors can take a boat ride and navigate through the lake to be up close to the flowers. The pink water lily flowers at the Red Lotus Sea only bloom between the end of December and February, and the best time to take a boat ride to see the lotus flowers blooming is from 6.00 a.m. to 9.00 a.m. Red Lotus Sea

Continue the journey to Amphoe Nong Han to Excavation Site within Wat Pho Si Nai explore Ban Chiang, an important prehistoric Ban Chiang Local Textile Weaving Group archaeological site of Southeast Asia that is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. First, visit the Ban Chiang National Museum to learn about the prehistoric cultural heritage of the Northeastern region and Ban Chiang through the displays of items uncovered from the excavation sites; such as, skeletons, pottery, and utensils. Then, move on to the Excavation Site within Wat Pho Si Nai, the first site museum in Thailand, in which the archaeological items found here; such as, skeleton, pottery, and stone and metal artefacts are believed to be over 5,000 years old. Take a lunch break and spend the afternoon at the Ban Chiang Local Textile Weaving Group to learn about indigo-dyeing, Matmi making, and textile weaving. Ban Chiang’s signature pattern includes the Ban Chiang pottery pattern, Ban Chiang’s spiral pattern that was developed from the shell pattern, and the pattern that combines the ancient and modern patterns together. Visitors can purchase indigo-dyed products, Matmi textiles, as well as ready-to-wear clothing at several shops in the community. The pottery found at the excavation sites became the pride of the people of Ban Chiang, and they have been making imitations of the ancient potteries and paint motifs in prehistoric patterns, which have become popular as souvenir items amongst tourists. Visitors can observe the demonstration of pottery shaping, and try their hand at painting various motifs on the pottery. Ban Chiang National Museum

Wat Pa Ban Kho Day 3 This morning, travel to Amphoe Ban Phue to visit Wat Pa Ban Kho, a temple that features a stunning Chedi called ‘Phra Maha That Chedi Chaloem Barami Phra Nawamin’ that contains the Lord Buddha’s relics. The temple also houses a ‘Wihan of Four Holy Places for Buddhism’, which showcases carvings depicting the Lord Buddha when he was born, attained enlightenment, preached his first sermon, and entered nirvana. Visitors can also find a museum that displays information and stories about Luangpho Thun who built the temple. Then, visit Wat Phra Phutthabat Bua Ban, a temple built in 1911 and comprises a beautiful Mondop (square-based building with pyramidal roof) in the Lan Xang style of architecture. The Mondop houses a replica of the Lord Buddha’s footprint, and around 100 metres north of the Mondop is where several pieces of ancient sandstone Bai Sema were uncovered. Phu Phrabat Historical Park Learn about Buddhist art at the Phu Phrabat Historical Park, located at the foothills of the Phu Phan Mountains. The Park features rock formations of various shapes and sizes that were caused by natural erosion, and the boulders were believed to be constructed into a religious place around the 7th-11th century. The Khmer style of architecture was introduced during the 13th century as can be seen from the rocks that have been chiseled into the picture of Buddha images at Tham Phra (Phra Cave). Prehistoric paintings in the pictures of humans, animals, and palms, on the surface of the boulders and cliffs were also discovered. 139 ISAN CULTURAL routes

In the afternoon, go to Amphoe Na Yung to witness one of the most spectacular forms of Buddhist architecture in the Northeastern region at Wat Pa Phu Kon. Surrounded by picture- perfect mountainous landscape, the Wihan (image hall) is exquisitely constructed and contains murals depicting the story of Lord Buddha and a 20-metre-long reclining Buddha made of white marble. Leave Udon Thani province for Amphoe Sangkhom in Nong Khai province to visit Wat Pha Tak Suea, which is situated on the Phu Phan Noi Mountain range at 550 metres above mean sea level. Visitors can pay homage to the Lord Buddha’s relics and enjoy a panoramic view of the Mekong River that is particularly beautiful when the water level is low to reveal a glittering sand ridge. There is a U-shaped skywalk with a glass floor and walls, offering visitors a thrilling experience of observing the scenery of the natural surroundings. A not-to-be-missed activity when visiting Amphoe Sangkhom is to take a boat trip along the Mekong River in which visitors can enjoy observing the beautiful scenery on both sides of the river. Day 4 Set off to Amphoe Si Chiang Mai to Ban Wang Nam Mok, a village that is rich with cultural heritage and is embraced by a peaceful natural setting. Visitors are invited to observe the hand-woven fabric making process, take a walk along the nature trail, cycle around the village, and if time allows, enjoy a homestay experience and participate in a ‘Baisi Su Kwan’ (blessing) ceremony. Visitors can also purchase the ‘Pha Laeng’ lamp, a well- known local product of this village, as a keepsake. Then, visit Wat Hin Mak Peng, a Buddhist temple that was established by Luangpu Thet Thetrangsi as a Dhamma retreat. Visitors can enjoy a moment of inner peace while being surrounded by shady trees and tranquil ambience of the Mekong River. Ban Wang Nam Mok Wat Hin Mak Peng derives its name from 3 sacred stones that were found by the river within the temple’s grounds. The stones are shaped like an ancient weight called ‘Mak Peng’ in local dialect and ‘Hin’ is Thai for stone; thus, Wat Hin Mak Peng literally translates to ‘Ancient Stone Weight Temple’. 140 ISAN CULTURAL routes

Stop by at Wat Aranyabanphot, a temple constructed to honour Luangpu Rian Woralapho, a renowned Buddhist monk in Thailand. The temple houses a Mondop housing a sculpture of Luangpu Rian in a standing posture, a Wihan containing a sculpture of Luangpu Rian in a seated posture, and Phra Sutham Chedi Wat Aranyabanphot (also known as Luangpu Rian Woralapho Museum) that displays the teachings and personal belongings of Luangpu Rian. Proceed to Amphoe Tha Bo to pay homage to Luangpho Phrachao Ong Tue that is enshrined at Wat Si Chomphu Ong Tue. Measuring 3.29 metres wide and 4 metres high, the seated Buddha image is in a subduing Mara posture and is highly revered by the people from both sides of the Mekong River. Wat Si Chomphu Ong Tue Phrathat Bang Phuan Travel to Amphoe Mueang Nong Khai and enjoy ‘Naem Nueang’ (a delicious Vietnamese dish made of pork and vegetables wrapped in rice noodles and topped with spicy and sweet sauce) for lunch. Then go to pay respect to Phrathat Bang Phuan, an important Chedi of Nong Khai province, at Wat Phrathat Bang Phuan. Visitors can also find ‘Satta Mahasathan’, the ‘seven great sites’ that represent the places that Lord Buddha lived after his enlightenment at the temple. It is recommended to plan your visit to coincide with the dry season, which is around April, to enjoy the beautiful sight of the 200-metre-long sandy beach at Hat Chom Mani, which only appears when the water level is low. Hat Chom Mani

Continue the journey along the Mekong River to find the First Thai-Lao Friendship Bridge, a 1,170-metre-long bridge connecting Amphoe Mueang Nong Khai and Vientiane of Lao PDR. First Thai-Lao Friendship Bridge Crossing the First Thai-Lao Friendship Bridge to Vientiane of Lao PDR. Documents required for a 30-day tourist visa on arrival include: • Passport with at least 6 months validity • One passport-size photo Fee ranges between US$ 20 and US$ 42 depending on the passport of origin. Operating Hours: Every day 6.00 a.m. – 10.00 p.m. Visitors can try a different travel experience by taking a train from Nong Khai Railway Station crossing the Mekong River to Tha Na Laeng of Vientiane. Spend the afternoon browsing the Tha Sadet Market, a popular market with a variety of local and Indo-Chinese products; such as, silk products, basketry, souvenirs, and snacks. The Market also serves as a pier for taking the boat to cross the Mekong River to Lao PDR. Take some time to pay homage to Luangpho Phra Sai, the most important Buddha image for people of Nong Khai province, at Wat Pho Chai. According to legend, Luangpho Phra Sai was one of the three Buddha images that were relocated from Lao PDR. During the move, there was a storm and one Buddha image sank in the river, another one was brought to Bangkok, while Luangpho Phra Sai was bought to be enshrined here. Festival Bun Bang Fai Festival On the full moon day of the 7th lunar month (around June), the Bun Bang Fai Festival is organised at Wat Pho Chai where people can pay homage to Luangpho Phra Sai. 142 ISAN CULTURAL routes

Festival Songkran Festival On Songkran (Thai New Year which is on the 13 April of every year) Day, Luangpho Phra Sai is brought on a procession in which devotees can bathe the Buddha image in holy water for their blessing. To complete the trip in Nong Khai province, visit Phra- that La Nong, also known as ‘Phrathat Klang Nam’, which means ‘Chedi in the middle of the water’ as the Chedi collapsed into the Mekong River. Visitors can pay homage to the replica of the Chedi, which contains some parts of the original one and it is believed that the original Phrathat La Nong enshrines 9 pieces of the Lord Buddha’s right foot bones. Phrathat La Nong Festival Bun Bang Fai Rocket Festival Held in the 7th lunar month on every year, this exciting Festival offers visitors an opportunity to witness a contest of the most creative Bang Fai (rocket) and the launching of the Bang Fai, as well as watch a performance enacting the legend of the Naga fireballs. Contact Information Wat Phothisomphon N17° 24.808’ E102° 46.681’ Udon Thani 22 Pho Niyom Road, Tambon Mak Khaeng, Amphoe Mueang Udon Thani, Udon Thani Amphoe Mueang Udon Thani The museum opens every day at 8.00 a.m. – 4.30 p.m. City Pillar Shrine N17° 24.835’ E102° 47.274’ Wat Thipphayaratnimit Athibodi Road, Tambon Mak Khaeng, N17° 23.836’ E102° 46.998’ Amphoe Mueang Udon Thani, Udon Thani 201 Naresuan Road, Tambon Mak Khaeng, Every day 8.30 a.m. – 4.00 p.m. Amphoe Mueang Udon Thani, Udon Thani Wat Matchimawat Udon Thani Thai-Chinese Cultural Centre N17° 24.912’ E102° 47.426’ and Chao Pu-Ya Shrine Watthananuwong Road, Tambon Mak Khaeng, Amphoe Mueang Udon Thani, Udon Thani N17° 23.960’ E102° 48.410’ 888, 39 Sanchao Neramit Road, Tambon Mak Nong Prachak Sinlapakhom Public Park Khaeng, Amphoe Mueang Udon Thani, N17° 25.110’ E102° 46.762’ Udon Thani Athibodi Road, Tambon Mak Khaeng, +66 (0) 4224 2333 Amphoe Mueang Udon Thani, Udon Thani Every day 9.00 a.m. – 7.00 p.m. Every day 6.00 a.m. – 6.00 p.m. 143 ISAN CULTURAL routes

Ban Na Kha Amphoe Ban Phue N17° 33.087’E102° 48.063’ Ban Na Kha, Tambon Na Kha, Amphoe Mueang Wa Pa Ban Kho Udon Thani, Udon Thani N17° 36.038’ E102° 38.372’ Arkhom Seehaboot +66 (8) 5745 2987 Ban Kho, Tambon Khuea Nam, Amphoe Ban Phue, Udon Thani Remark: Please make an appointment in advance. The museum opens every day at 8.00 a.m. – 5.00 p.m. Amphoe Kumphawapi Wat Phra Phutthabat Bua Ban Phrathat Don Kaeo N17° 37.219’ E102° 20.801’ N17° 08.441’ E103° 01.227’ Ban Phai Lom, Tambon Mueang Phan, Mu 5, Ban Don Kaeo, Tambon Kumphawapi, Amphoe Ban Phue, Udon Thani Amphoe Kumphawapi, Udon Thani Phu Phrabat Historical Park Red Lotus Sea N17° 43.846’ E102° 21.470’ N17° 12.744’ E103° 02.070’ Ban Thio, Tambon Mueang Phan, Ban Diam Pier, Tambon Chiang Whae, Amphoe Ban Phue, Udon Thani Amphoe Kumphawapi, Udon Thani +66 (0) 4221 9837-9 Every day 6.00 a.m. – 11.00 a.m. Every day 8.30 a.m. – 4.30 p.m. 100 Baht Amphoe Nong Han Amphoe Na Yung Ban Chiang National Museum N17° 24.437’ E103° 14.196’ Wat Pa Phu Kon Tambon Ban Chiang, Amphoe Nong Han, N17° 55.369’ E102° 07.095’ Udon Thani Ban Na Kham Yai, Tambon Ban Kong, Tuesday – Sunday and public holidays 8.30 a.m. Amphoe Na Yung, Udon Thani – 4.30 p.m. Every day 5.00 a.m. – 5.00 p.m. Excavation Site within Wat Pho Si Nai Nong Khai N17° 24.490’ E103° 14.642’ Wat Pho Si Nai Amphoe Sangkhom 90 Pho Si Nai Road, Mu 11, Tambon Ban Chiang, Amphoe Nong Han, Wat Pha Tak Suea Udon Thani N18° 02.184’ E102° 18.277’ Every day 9.00 a.m. – 6.00 p.m. Ban Dong Tong, Tambon Pha Tang, Amphoe Sangkhom, Nong Khai Ban Chiang Local Textile Weaving Group Every day 6.00 a.m. – 6.00 p.m. N17° 24.329’ E103° 14.548’ (Skywalk: Every day 8.30 a.m. – 4.30 p.m.) Tambon Ban Chiang, Amphoe Nong Han, Udon Thani Amphoe Si Chiang Mai Suntaree Manyahong +66 (8) 3337 1297 Ban Wang Nam Mok N17° 59.233’ E102° 22.683’ Remark: Please make an appointment in advance. Ban Wang Nam Mok Community Coordination Centre, 2 Mu 5, Tambon Phra Phuttthabat, 144 Amphoe Si Chiang Mai, Nong Khai ISAN CULTURAL routes Tinnaphop Suphantha +66 (8) 6232 5300 Remark: Please make an appointment in advance.

Wat Hin Mak Peng Wat Pho Chai N17° 59.003’ E102° 25.710’ N17° 53.083’ E102° 45.433’ Mu 4, Ban Thai Charoen, Tambon Phra 873 Mu 10, Soi Phra Sai, Prachak Sinlapakhom Phuttthabat, Amphoe Si Chiang Mai, Nong Khai Road, Tambon Nai Mueang, Amphoe Mueang Nong Khai, Nong Khai Wat Aranyabanphot N17° 57.933’ E102° 30.017’ Phrathat La Nong (Phrathat Klang Nam) Si Chiang Mai – Sangkhom Road, Tambon Ban N17° 53.933’ E102° 46.133’ Mo, Amphoe Si Chiang Mai, Nong Khai Rim Khong Road, Tambon Nai Mueang, Amphoe Mueang Nong Khai, Nong Khai Amphoe Tha Bo Useful contact information Wat Si Chomphu Ong Tue IN Udon Thani and Nong Khai N17° 52.583’ E102° 34.533’ Ban Nam Mong, Tambon Nam Mong, Tourism Authority of Thailand (TAT), Amphoe Tha Bo, Nong Khai Udon Thani Office Amphoe Mueang Nong Khai (Responsible areas: Bueng Kan, Nong Khai, and Phrathat Bang Phuan N17° 44.650’ E102° 40.883’ Udon Thani) 172 Ban Don Mu, Tambon Phrathat Bang Phuan, Amphoe Mueang Nong Khai, Nong Khai +66 (0) 4232 5406-7 Hat Chom Mani Highway Police 1193 N17° 52.600’ E102° 42.800’ Tourist Police 1155 Ban Chom Mani, Tambon Michai, Amphoe Mueang Nong Khai, Nong Khai Please visit www.tourismthailand.org/Udon-Thani First Thai-Lao Friendship Bridge for more information on accommodation, N17° 52.523’ E102° 42.963’ restaurants, and attractions in Udon Thani. Ban Chom Mani, Tambon Michai, www.tourismthailand.org/Nong-Khai Amphoe Mueang Nong Khai, Nong Khai for more information on accommodation, Passport with at least 6 months validity and restaurants, and attractions in Nong Khai. one passport-size photo Fee ranges between US$ 20 and US$ 42 Remark: It is recommended that visitors use a tour depending on the passport of origin guide when travelling this route, as there may be a Every day 6.00 a.m. – 10.00 p.m. language barrier. Tha Sadet Market N17° 53.133’ E102° 44.833’ Rim Khong Road, Tambon Nai Mueang, Amphoe Mueang Nong Khai, Nong Khai Every day 8.00 a.m. – 5.00 p.m. 145 ISAN CULTURAL routes

ROUTE 11 NONG KHAI - LOEI Travel from the Gateway to the Neighbouring Countries to the Town with Wooden Houses by the Mekong River, and the Land of Friendship and Unity Introduction: The Nong Khai – Loei route starts in Nong Khai province to enjoy exploring the ancient temples in the city and cross the First Thai-Lao Friendship Bridge to Lao PDR. Continue the journey to spend time at the charming small town by the Mekong River called ‘Chiang Khan’ in Loei province. Then, proceed to discover the uniqueness of the Phi Ta Khon Festival and the origin of the renowned Phrathat Si Song Rak. 146 ISAN CULTURAL routes

Mekong River 11 Amphoe 9 Lao PDR. Sangkhom 211 10 Amphoe Si Chiang Mai 2 4028 8 5 242 4 3040 6 212 3 7 To Amphoe Phon Phisai Amphoe Tha Bo Mekong Ri 233 2 211 ver Amphoe Mueang Nong Khai 1 211 2 Nong Khai To Udon Thani Amphoe Mueang Nong Khai 1. Phrathat Bang Phuan Amphoe Si Chiang Mai 2. Phrathat La Nong (Phrathat Klang Nam) 8. Wat Aranyabanphot 3. Wat Pho Chai 9. Wat Hin Mak Peng 4. Tha Sadet Market 10. Ban Wang Nam Mok 5. First Thai-Lao Friendship Bridge Amphoe Sangkhom 6. Hat Chom Mani 11. Wat Pha Tak Suea Amphoe Tha Bo 7. Wat Si Chomphu Ong Tue

LOEI Amphoe Na Haeo 15. Wat Si Pho Chai Amphoe Chiang Khan 16. Phrathat Din Thaen 1. Wat Phra Phutthabat Phu Khwai Ngoen 17. Wat Pho Chai Na Phueng 2. Kaeng Khutkhu 3. Wat Tha Khaek Amphoe Dan Sai 4. Phi Khon Nam Mask at Ban Ton La 18. Wat Phon Chai and the Phi Ta Khon Museum 5. Tai Dam House of Museum 19. Phrathat Si Song Rak 6. Pha Sat Loi Khro 20. Wat Neramit Wipatsana 7. Niyomthai House of Quilted Blankets 8. Yong Sen House of Traditional Massage Lao PDR. Mekong River 211 9. Wat Maha That 7 10. Wat Si Khun Mueang To 11. Wat Tha Khok 3 2 Nong Khai Amphoe Tha Li 12. Ban Na Kraseng Rattan Weaving Village 8 11 13. Thai-Lao Friendship Bridge across the 6 9 1 Hueang River 10 211 14. Phrathat Satcha 4 Lao PDR. Hueang River 2195 201 Amphoe Chiang Khan 2195 13 12 16 1268 2115 5 15 2195 Amphoe 1268 Tha Li Amphoe 2099 14 Na Haeo 2113 2114 17 201 18 2115 2013 21 Amphoe Mueang Loei 19 2013 20 Amphoe Dan Sai 2014 To Phetchabun

Day 1 Start the trip by making merit at Phrathat Bang Phuan, which is located at Wat Phrathat Bang Phuan in Amphoe Mueang Nong Khai. Phrathat Bang Phuan is an ancient Chedi that is highly sacred to the people of Nong Khai province. Within the temple is also a replica of ‘Satta Mahasathan’ or the ‘seven great sites’ that Lord Buddha lived after his enlightenment. Then, visit Phrathat La Nong, which is also known as ‘Phrathat Klang Nam’ (literally translates to ‘Chedi in the middle of the water’) because the Chedi collapsed into the middle of the Mekong River. Legend has it that Phrathat La Nong enshrines 9 pieces of the Lord Buddha’s right foot bone, and the locals built a replica of the Chedi, containing some parts of the original one nearby. Phrathat Bang Phuan Wat Pho Chai Stop by at Wat Pho Chai, a temple that enshrines the most revered Buddha image in Nong Khai province named ‘Luangpho Phra Sai’. Measuring 81.28 centimetres wide and 124.46 centimetres high, Luangpho Phra Sai is a seated Buddha image in the subduing Mara posture. Story has it that there was a storm during the relocation of three Buddha images from Lao PDR., and one Buddha image sank in the river, while the other two survived. One was brought to Bangkok, while Luangpho Phra Sai was brought to be enshrined here. Festival Festivals at Wat Pho Chai The Bun Bang Fai Festival is organised on the full moon day of the 7th lunar month (around June) for devotees to pay homage to Luangpho Phra Sai, and during the Songkran (Thai New Year which is on 13 April) Festival, Luangpho Phra Sai is brought on a procession, so the locals can bathe the Buddha image in holy water for their blessing. 149 ISAN CULTURAL routes