Berita Shell 1989

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CONTENTS Number 7 o1.ll989 Builders ofPehol Stations and Depots A look at how two Marketing Engineering departments go about their work. GulaApong tl Sugar from mangove swamps? With hard work, it is not impossible. 3l Years of Shell Traffic Games Shell's road-safety education among schoolchildren. The Allure of Sarawak Beads t4 Awealth of Sarawak culture is hidden in these beads 'Mud-shength' for Drilling 18 In drilling oil-wells, 'mud' is simply. indispensable. In brief 22 A summary of Shell news in Malaysia and worldwide. Pembina stesen minyak dan depoh 24 Meninjau bagaimana f abatan Kejuruteraan Pemasaran mengendalikan tugasnya. GulaApong 26 Gula dari kawasan paya? Tidak mustahil, jikarajin. 3L tahun menyemai keseduan 28 keselarnatan jalan raya Pendidikan keselamatan jalan raya Shell di kalangan murid-murid sekolah. Manik yang mempesonakan 31 Kekayaan budaya Sarawak tersirat di sebalik manik-manik ini. 'Lumpur'- safu sumber kekuatan 35 Di dalam menggerudi telaga minyak, 'lumpur' wajib digunakan. -COVER: True Blue the favourite monochrome glass beads of Sarawak's Kelabit community. ,Editor: Phang Sow Yoong Editorial Office: Bangunan Shell, O Kuala Lumpur. Telephone: 03-2559144 Telex MA30414/MA31813 Fil*0,iJ,507-32 Berita Shellis the corporate magazine of Shell Companies in Malaysia and is published quarterly. Opinions e_xpressed in the articles do not necessarily reflect those of any Shell company. Editors of newspaperc 0r magazines are welcome to reproduce any article but a prior written approval should be obtained from the editor, except for editors in other Shell Companies who need only to acknowledge the source. This magazine is printed by Ling Wah Press Sdn Bhd at 1 Lorong SS 13/3D, Subang Jaya Indushial Estate, 47500 Petaling |aya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia. Ior;

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; !.- -\\ ,i ilC !oCl *, \\\\:, ! C- so Putting their heads together. MKRE Design Engineer Mohd. Rafie (extreme left) with his design draftsmen. TI ::T, 15,:'[^#J ::'J i^:'L $.',i: In many cases, the area office would start the t,l most corner oI )aDan, tnere are ball rolling by identifying a need for a depot, in- I' no less than 25 installations and stallation or a filling and service station. In the depots bearing the Shell emblem. Three of these also bear the now famous oil drop, be- case of depots and installations, the Marketing cause thev are iointly-owned with PETRONAS. Distribution department (MKOD) would pre- Installations and depots cost millions of ringgit to build and utilise the most modern pare a justification paper for approval and, if equipment available on the market. At anv gu'en time, ther, contain mrllions of ringgit the project is technically complex, MKOE may rrorth of petroleum products to satisfv market help to prepare feasibility studies, for which a demands. t0project engineer is sometimes sent Coing dolvn the supplv line, there are more further than fiie hundred filling and service stations evaluate the site vis-a-vis construction n,hich also bear the Shell logo. These service methodology. The man to do the 1ob is normally stations also cost millions of ringgit to build Syed Khairi, who n,ould then have to work verv and, at any point in time, contain miilions of closely with the design engineers, Daud Abdul ringgit worth of petroleum products, invariably sourced from the installations and depots, and Majid and Nizer. Thev prepare the preliminarv petroleum-based commodities to meet the i*i+!+:i+:ii+'ji:r,ii +=ii+..riii++iir'i rir needs of motorists. These service stations cost millions of ringgit to build and, at any point of time, Who builds and looks after such structures? contain millions of ringgit worth of Marketing Engineering does. peholeum products. Obviously, a great deal of work is involved in i+ ...,i i,i:i+iii+ffii1;.+i'4iffii::i-;;,,jiiir designing, building and maintaining these engineering and architectural plans against ap- structures, and so the engineering function is proved projects costs. divided into two departments: Project En- For the construction of a service station, after gineering (MKOE) and Retail Engineering the site has been identified bv the area office and the viability of the project agreed upon, the (MKRE). -desrgn engineer in MKRE normally Mohd Project Engineering, currently headed by -Rafie would visit the site to decide on the Syed Kadir Alhabshi, is responsible for depois most suitable layout and design of the siation and instaliations, while the other, under Alex within a given budget. He then works closely with draftsmen on preliminary drawings, en- Thomas, looks after retail outlets, By sheer coin- suring they are consistent with the design con- cidence, in terms of product flow, the office of cept. MKOE is on the sixth floor and that of MKRE on the fifth floor of Bangunan ShellMalaysia. Now After the preliminary sketches have been pre- let's look at what these departments do. pared, thev are sent to the area office for consid- 4

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Right (above): The computer can draw perspectives from an infinite number of viewing points and in nine colours - all in a matter of secondsl Left (below): A Shell pehol station in Rawang, Selangor. -Bright red drums of lubricants a familiar sight at Shell's depots. eration. Then, back they go to head office for Which reminded me of a friend, once upon a valve leaking should, of course, approximate the next step, when actual working drawings time, who bought a cooker with an oven and zero. Particular attention is also given to er- are prepared. During this time, you are quite gonomics, for a technician should not have to likely to hear Daud and his boys talking about -allhe ever baked warmed up was more perform an acrobatic act to turn a switch on or such technical stuff as, perhaps,'effects of flow -like itl were those pre-cooked rolls bought off. After all, the oilbusiness is a serious busi- of fluids on a given type of pipe' and 'rate of ex- ness, not a circus. Besides, one wouldn't want pansion of gases in relation to temperatures', from the now non-existent commissariat in the fellow to break his back, It would be bad for while Rafie and his design team would proba- him, and for Shell's business. b1y discuss how to make'form follow function'. Lutong. It is their responsibility to examine all factors to While on this point, I must highlight a hi-tech make f or cost-ef fectiveness. A11 design systems must conform to both the tool used in the design of filling stations. It is a local authorities' by-laws and Shell's own stan- computer-aided design package that cost Shell \"Cone are the days,\" said Daud, \"when you almost 150,000 ringgit three years ago. mereiy slot in a piece of equipment that would dards, with particular emphasis 0n environ- do the job it is expected to do. It must be capable Linked to a plotter fiom the same manufac- of doing what it is supposed to do, no more and mental consideration. They must also be inhe- turer, this package makes draughting a breeze. no ]ess.\" reniiy safe to contribute towards greater safety. It has the capability of drawing perspectives 6 As a very simple example, liquid from a leaking fiom an infinite number of viewing points, in valve ought to spurtin a certain direction so that BERITA SHELL January 1989 any human being within its proximity would be -least likely t0 get an unwanted and injurious bath. In the first place, the probability of a

But, in fact, there really is no end, for the maintenance engineer now has to see to it that all facilities are kept as they should be. \"We strongly believe in prevention rather than cure,\" said Edwin Chia, a maintenance en- gineer in MKOE. Edwin also makes regular inspection tours, reports on his findings and recommends corrective actions where neces- sary. In the case of retail outlets, maintenance is undertaken by Dennis or Sulaiman. While they hear restrained pleas for help, they might also hear complaints of non-arrival or delays in the delivery of equipment to the site. But they would rise to the occasion and think nothing of doing something not quite in their field. For instance, Nizer is now also helping to design and put up semi-detached houses in Kota Kinabalu for staff, Remember, Nizer is es- sentially involved with design of depots and in- stallations, not residential structures. Judging by the numbers and types of projects they have at the moment, these engineers are certainly a very busy lot. There is the upgrading of the Tiram Kimia godown in Port Kelang. While they heat restrained pleas for help, they might also hear complaints of non- anival or delays in the delivery of equipment to the site. t FI Then there are additional tanks to be erected in i Ipoh, demolition of tanks in Sungei Way and building of an LPG bottling plant in their place, construction of bitumen facilities at Kuching and major upgrading of safety system at vari- ous installations and depots. These are but a few examples. Perhaps, the most significant of their handiwork is the installation at Sepangar Bay near Kota Kinabalu. Besides its sheer size, it is also the first of such installations in South- east Asia to implement the mounded storage MKRE staff at the site, supervising construction. Project Engineer Dennis system for liquefied petroleum gas (LPG). Es- Barnabas (left) and Engineering Supervisor Sulaiman Abu Bakar (right). sentially, this system involves making man- made hills to hide cylindrical steel storage ves- nine colours in a matter of seconds! All tenders received are carefully evaluated sels, each of about six metres diameter by 40 Only those who have attempted perspectives before the construction contract is prepared metres long. The concept sounds simple, its with the assistance of the legal department to execution otherwise, and its efficary like the could really appreciate these marvellous fea- tures. Perhaps the closest similarity would be a ensure that legal requirements are met and that ubiquitous safety pin. machine that can read all ledgers of the entire it is even-sided, and then a job is awarded. Apart from the engineers and draftsmen, Shell Companies in Malaysia, and then prepare a master balance sheet, all in a matter of half This is not the end yet. As soon as work com- other staff of Marketing Engineering are no less hour. mences, the engineers are right on the front line again, monitoring and supervising the many important. They help make their departments Having done allworking and detailed draw- activities to ensure that each one is completed tick on steadily. These are the people who pro- ings, specifications are drawn and tenders cal- within the time allotted and at budgeted cost led. This is another lot of tedious processes. vide administrative support. They keep records Staff like Syed Khairi and Dennis Barnabas, They spend as much as half their time during of assets and assist in monitoring progress of project engineer in MKRE, must have informa- construction of the project on site. On comple- tion on types and technical specifications of tion of all works, they have to certify that every- works. Jamel is the key man in MKOE. His specialised materials virtually at their finger- thing is in order before handing over the facility counterpart one floor below is AbdulMalik. tips. -to the eventual operator depot to the area of- All together, they help to make Sheli fice concerned, and petrol station to a dealer. Malaysia as strong as that certain bridge built of iron and bricks, None wishes the bridge kr $come a-falling down. BERITA SHEtt Januuy 1989 7

Apong sugar is harnessed from Apong palms which thrive on mangrove swamp such as this. GI.ILA APONG by Heidi Munan There is sugar to be harnessed from the mangrove swamps. But it is tough work and demands sacrifices that few are willing to make. -r-r ry land is good for walking on; sort of place to have a barbecue. What is it? Encik |emali bin Kassim helpfully tries to direct water willdo for sailing. But the them to a path. \"Sugar,\" says the boat driver, tersely. \"Want swamp-land is where some to have a look?\" But the ground is a dense, slimy jumble of roots, branches and ooze. \"And, you're wear- people in Sarawak make a living, Scrambling up the slippery bank, we at- ing shoes!\" the swamp-dweller points out, al- most reproachfully. in between the hisgh tides. tempted to walk on the dense tangle of apong Meandering in and out of the mpiad rivers branches that criss-cross in the soft mud mois- Kaki ayam (barefooted) is the only way to get tened by two daily tides. Apong swamps are and inlets that make up the lower reaches of the not recommended hikng territory! around, in his opinion. river, the traveller suddenly spots a thin thread |emali doesn't spend his days among the Seeing a group of unexpected visitors floun- of smoke rising above the thick green curtain of mud and the mosquitoes for the fun of it. He der through knee-deep mud towards his apongpalms along the muddy banks. normally lives in a nearby kampung across the slightly elevated hut deep in the apon6.marsh, There is no village in there, and it's hardly the 8 BERITA SHELT fanuary 19E9

river from Kedup on the lower Samarahan as it begins to thicken. A slightly neglected self every now and then. Presently, there is more and more competition for kayu bako where he has a farm. batch turns out brown, and, thus, second qual- (mangrove wood)! But, when the season is right, he makes gula ity. - -Charcoal burners buy it up by boatlands apong, a sugar much in demand among the As |emali stirs the big sugar pot with a ladle almost as big as a paddle, he talks enthusiasti to burn into arang which is used in many a con- cake-makers, home-brewers and arak distillers cally of his trade. servative household for preparing speciality of Sarawak. Apong sugar is made fuom nipah (nipa fruti- dishes. Coal is still considered the best kind of Apong was used as a substitute for white cans), a kind of palm, locally known as apong. sugar during the fapanese Occupation. Its stems crawl aiong the ground, just below fuel for grilling and roasting meat. Builders are after mangrove wood, too. The Nowadays, apong srgar is sold in half-pound the squelchy morass. Branches shoot up at close straight, almost branchless sticks make good packets in the town. Housewives buy it for intervals, while the flower stems stand out ob- scaffolding when tied with rotan strings. liquely. making traditional cakes; it can also be used in Near coastal kampungs the mangrove trees place of gula melaka in West Malaysian recipes. The average size of an apong pilch is one have been nearly exhausted. Nobody means to It is mostly the brown variety that is available in the retailtrade; the whitenornbor satu (number acre, on which 300 tubes are set. The juice is col- -use up too much but every household needs one) product has been bought in bulk by the lected once a day and boiled for three or four arak distillers. a few sticks for fuel, a few sticks for building hours. sheds and a few sticks for minor house exten- \"Have a drink!\" says EncikJemali, picking up sion and repairs. Soon the mangroves are gone, one of the tubes containing apong juice. A1- Villagers go nyadap (sugar tapping) in the and the huge breakers rolling in from the South though Jemali is busy cooking the sugar, he eariy months of the year when the nipah flow- takes time off to serve his visitors. The iaws of China Sea begin to erode the village's hospitality equally apply in the mansion or hut ers. The hard part of the flower stem is peeled or, in this case, in an open-sided shed amidst and exposed for a few days, and then softened foreshore. the tidal marsh. by beating it with a mature piece of branch. Thus goes |emali's tale as he continues stir- It's all right to talk to unexpected visitors as As soon as the flowerbuds appear, the stem ring the cauldron ol apong sugar. is cut; this is when the plant's vitaljuice flow. long as the cauldron is not neglected. Bamboo lengths serve as collectrng dishes into Jemali's average daily harve$ is eight gan- Once the liquid begins to bubble, Jemali has which the sweet sap drips. tang of air sadap, This boils down to two gan- tang of sugar, or, half a biscuit tin full, the ac- to stir it frequently. The best qualig nipah sugar The liquid, air sadap, tastes sweet, with a cepted trade measure for the commodity. is yellowish white, stirred with might and main slightly sour and salty under-taste. It is not un- \"That's because I have a good, undisturbed like coconut sap from which gula melaka is patch ol apong here,\" he stresses. manufactured. Nipah is a typical estuary crop, growing in The apong juice is cooked in a cut-down 44- the alluvial slosh brought down by big rivers. The nutrients in the thick, dirty water ensure gallon drum. A mud hearth has been buiit the plant's fertility. Development, ironically, is bad for the nipah! under a rough shelter made of sticks andnipah A large area of the lower Semarahan has been -attap all plentifully available on the site. reclaimed for cultivation by the Drainage and Ir- Firewood has to be bought from another rigation and the Agricultural departments. Jem- swamp-trader, the mangrove collector. Dry ali's own farm lies within the region of this apong stems will burn, but they don't produce scheme, Asajaya. But once the land has been bunded in, the salt leached and the soil drained enough heat for boiling the vat. for crops like fruit, oil palm, cocoa and coconut, \"Stuff's getting more expensive, actually,\" nipah can'tgrow any more! Jemali says of the fuel. In the former days, a sugar-maker could take a short trip downriver and cut a bundle for him- e o a_ ts! o- cooks f emali beside his cauldron soufgbaor.iliNnogteaitrhesabdaamp b-ooaptuobnegs juice which he until it thickens into apong (in the background) which contain fresh air sadap. BERITA SHELL January 1989

\"Yes, that's a factl\" says 1.*r,,. The boat- drir,er nods in agreement. As more land is de- veloped, sugar-makers will har,e to travel longer drstances to obtain tlieir produce. Ten vears fiom now, the men fear that thev mav har,e to go up-coast past the next river, the -Sadong and the people there have their olvn territorial'boiling rights', tool Bui, will there be people who rvillborl sugar in ten vears' time? Jemali isn't too sure. A tin of apong sugat fetches between 30 ringgit and 40 ringgit, depending on the quality and current demand. A man doesn't go tapping er,ery day; the n eek's production comes to one or tu,o tins of sugar. That's a lot of work, expo- sure to the elements and insects, and absence -from home for well under 100 rrnggrt a week. \"li's not u,hat I hve 0n,\" says Jemali, \"but it brings in a litile extra cash. That's handv for mv familr,l\" Would a young felloln\" lt'ant to collect and boil air sadap? The sugar-maker shrugs his shoul- ders and then gii es the poi an extra stir. He is onlv thinking of this vear. l\\rith Hari Raya and Gawai Davak falling close to each other, he rs looking foru,ard to bumper sales. The future willlust have to take care of itselfl (Left) As soon as the tapper cuts off the flower stem of a nipah palm, the apong juice starts to flow. (Below) The Beliong Canal which leads to I emali's gula aponp;' factory' . BERITA SHELL Januaty 1989

31 Years of Shell Traffic Games by Netasha Mohd. Rafik Since 1957, Shell Traffic Game has been an integral part of the company's road-safety education among school-children. rom a modest trading venture born more than 100 years ago/ Shell Companies in Malaysia have developed into an exten- sive enterprise involved in various aspects of the oil, gas and chemical business. But the company's story is not mereiy one of successive economic expansion or technologi- = --= =calprogress. Itisalsoastoryofaconcernedcor- E-*J Iporate citizen wishing to do more for the nation rather than just contributing to the country's economic growth. One community project that has stood the test time is the Shell Traffic Game. The game originated from the Youth Traffic School which was established by Germany's Shell Youth Services. The game made its first appearance in Malaysia in 1957, after its successful debut in Holland and other European countries some 35 years ago. The way we were in the'60s. The introduction of the game coincided with which are essential to good conduct on the either on a large car park or a playing field. Malaysia's independence from British rule. Each participant is given a card with eight in- Since then, the game has gained popularity and road. Since its inception in 1957, the game has been structions which have to be carried out within a recognition. certain time limit. What is the Shell Traffic Game allabout? held on a state-level. Although the word'game'connotes fun and Each participating school sends a team of 15 For each traffic offence the participant com- mits, a point is deducted and a summon given play, it is really more than that. The ShellTraffic students comprising six'pedestrians', six'cyc- by the police on duty. The team that collects the Iists'and three'motorists' (in pedal cars). most points willbe declared the winner. Game is an educational programme which In some of the larger towns, the game is Just as the country progresses throughout the seeks to inculcate road-safety awareness, re- played on a miniature traffic 'garden'. In the years, the style of the game has also developed. sponsibility and consideration among school children, the future road-users. small towns, a make-shift track is improvised The game encourages the practising of skills BERITA SHELL fanuary 1989 11

When it first started, the Shell Traffic Game says Azizah. -{# 'qt received little formal recognition as an educa- \"A lot of fun\" is also how Downstream Train- tionalprogramme. school children. ing and Development Manager Victor Foo re- The haffic game has, in turn, led to the forma- \"ln those days, we had practice sessions only members the game. Victor participated in the one or two days before the game. There wasn't game in 1958 when he represented Batu Road tion of road safety clubs in schools and the pub- any lecture given to participants. Neither was Primary School. lication of the book'Guidelines on Road Safety' there any test conducted to assess the children's (sponsored by Shell) as well as several projects \"Road Safety awareness didn't leave an im- aimed at educating the young. knowledge of traffic rules and road-safety pact on me untilwe had the practical session \"l believe we are heading in the right direc- awareness,\" said Mr Kelly Ng Chin Kiar who just before the game. I remember the game tion!\" concludes |ack. organised the games from'1965 to1975. made me aware of how vulnerable pedeshians 20 October 1988 saw the first Shell Traffic Game organised for children with Nowadays, the Shell Traffic Game is pre- and cyclists are because they are exposed to the hearing impariment. ceded by lectures and practical exercises con- traffic. The stress on safety awareness really ducted in a safe environment. There is also a made an impact on me when I began driving as an adult. I was able to recall what I was taught quiz competition on the highway code and road during the gafiie,\" says Victor. safety. If time permits, the students can partici- Road safety is a nation-wide concern. There- pate in the elocution contest for a poster com- fore, it is only fitting that the ShellTraffic Game petition with road safety as the main theme. is played in all the 13 states and the Federal Ter- ritory. Another major change is the participation of secondary school students (Form One to Form Every year, about 30 games are organised, in- Three). Prior to 1986, only primary schoolchil- volving 15,000 students altogether. The game dren in Standard Six took part in the game. provides an opportunity for the company to in- teract with the public, particularly the younger \"The students from Form One to Form Three generation among whom Shell can inculcate a sense of responsibility which is essential to road often cycle to school. They are almost old safety. enough to take a motorcycle licence test. And, motorcycles are very popular among teenagers. In the spirit of Malaysia Incorporated, the By participating in the traffic game, they will game also allows Shell to work with various learn driving skill and safety awareness which government agencies and departments whose will remain fresh in their minds,\" said Mohd help is invaluable in the staging of these com- petitions. Jamil Shamsuddin, Shell Public Affairs Services Assistant. To date, there is no other programme quite |amil is responsible for organising the game like the Shell Traffic Game. Nor has there been a in Peninsular Malaysia and Alexander Isut similar effort sustained over thirty years by a single private enterprise in this country. Why Karim is the traffic game organiser in Sabah and does a private company like ShellMalaysia con- Sarawak. tribute so much money, time and effort to such a project as the Shell Traffic Game? Perhaps the most significant development in Shell traffic education programme was the Downstream Public Affairs Manager Jack Chan explains: \"The National Road Safety launching of the National-level Shell Traffic Council has divided its working committee into Game in November 1982. This gave the game the three \"E's Concept\": Enforcement, En- gineering and Education.\" even more recognition. What a coincidence that the national-level \"We are happy to be able to play the educa- traffic game was launched in the year when -tional role to educate the young in road Malaysia celebrated its 25th anniversary! safety followig a carelully structured prog- The triennial national traffic game brings to- ramme. The ShellTraffic Game is not only infor- gether allthe state-winners to compete for the mative and educational, it also helps to promote racial harmony in the true spirit ol muhibbah national championship. (racial harmony), The third National-level Shell Traffic Game \"Of course, we cannot take over the role of was recently held at Taman TasikTitiwangsa, in the Government or the Road Safety Councilin November, 1988. The year also witnessed the promoting road safety education. The game is introduction of the Shell Traffic Game to stu- dents with hearing impairment. there to complement the government's efforts. The Shell Traffic Game is an additionalmeans of One may wonder if the game really imparts anything more than just'fun'. reaching out to the young road users,\" said Yes, according to Downstream LegalAdviser Iack. Puan Azizah Mohd Noor, a former traffic game The important thing is that Shellhas created participant, Azizah stillremembers the game in 1965 when she was a team member represent- the environment which is conducive to incul- cating road safety awareness. Daily lessons on ing Pudu Road English Primary School. road safety are being conducted on the 16 per- \"Although it was only a game, it did leave an manent traffic game hacks throughout impact on us. It taught us discipline and com- pliance. Somehow, the idea sticks: that safety is Malaysia. This has formed the core of most of important when you are on the road!\" claims Azizah. the road safety education programmes for \"l remember getting upset because I got a tic- ket for an offence, but I did have a lot of fun!\" 12 BERITA SHELL January 1989

*, ,'{L \"s tA $.&,r,gF w .{$},iili. II Lt w, F( .; i le@? ,t i, +{l \\#I {l{rt -i[ t,} t, # ii * 'S, -- c--.\"\"{} .€*,. t )r'-*\" 't Tire third National-level Shell Traffic Game held at Lake Titiwangsa in November, 1988. 'ffii;iii 1., I '. ..n,. -:ff\"1ii \\qweEWelet i .. Y;{' -r,rf' ffi ' f': l.:? ' ,i;s,;.;s*; Shell Traffic Game played in Kota Bharu in 1959. Third from the right is Downstream Public Affairs 13 Manager jack Chan, then Shell's marketinp; representative in Kota Bharu. i,l I -SHFLL Tanuary 1989

TheAllure of SarawakBeads by Pang Ngan Yue Once worn as stafus symbols, these beads have been used to bless, to protect, to heal and even to buy a slave! If these beads cbuld talk, what tales of their existence they would tell. h.y are found among ar Dr. Thomas Chung whose bead Heidi Munan, a local authority on collection is now found in Sarawak Sarawak beads. She is also a private chaeological excavation sites. In Museum. researcher with Sarawak Museum. some civilisations, they are The name 1amp bead' was derived from the Echoing a similar opinion is Dr Thomas fact that the beads are normally the by-products Chung, a medical doctor and a qualified buried with the dead. More com- of a glass factory which specialises in tableware gemmilogrst who once owned the largest pri- monly, they are worn for different reasons or lamps. vate colleitron of Sarawak beads. ranging fiom sheer adornment to superstitions. In fact, most of the colourful lamp beads However, Dr Chung is baffled by the fact that Then, they are passed on to another genera- -started off as plain black artefacts the com- he has not, in his 'beads-led' havels, come tion, only for the cycle to begin again. In life or in death, one thing is evidenl they have an in- mon background colour of the polychrome across beads that are exactly like the Sarawak delible intimacy with the human race through Sarawak beads. beads, although the latter bear some re the ages of time. Cottage workers then melted fine rods of col- semblance to their western counterparts in They are beads. oured glass and embedded them into the black terms of materials, colours and designs. beads. Thus, they were able to create a many- Beads are considered to be among the earliest splendoured lamp beads with designs of roset- \"Our beads are totally unique,\" he added, evidence of Man's abstract thinking. Although tes or stripes. not in possession of any power to meet Man's emphatically. physiological needs for a bead cannot hunt By now, it may occur to readers that the ori- gin of Sarawak beads appears to be a foreign Pirhaps, it is the elusive origin of these - -nor provide warmth they render, in the one. Sarawak beads that perpetuates their allure and material form, concepts of prestige, power, pro- \"And if it is, the Sarawakians are not too wor- intensifies their beauty. It is probably this elu- tection and beauty. And, that is the universal siveness which allowed the minds of the people ried,\" said Heidi. \"ln fact, it is almost certain to dwell on celestial or mythical themes of the appeal of beads. that glass has never been made in Sarawak, and beads' origin: themes which, when handed The allure of beads kanscends time and few tribes know enough of lapidary art to pro- down the generations, became beliefs. space. In Malaysia, the love forbeads is particu- duce stone beads. Over 90 percent of the larly evident among the indigenous people of A Bidayuh elder informed Heidi that good Sarawak. So much so that certain categories of Sarawak or Borneo beads came to our island by spirits gave beads to virtuous women. In beads are now jealously regarded as 'Sarawak way of trade, Over the last five hundred years, (alimantan, the swift waters of a river have the beads came fiom as far as the Mediterra- beads'. nean region, Europe, West Asia, China and been known to occasionally deposit a blue bead Glass beads form the single largest group of India.\" in a woman's catch net. Sarawak beads, followed by stone beads. Of the Heidi related an eye-witness account which stone beads, the one most cherished is the happened when she attended a Gawai Mukah carnelian. Among the glass beads, differentia- tion is made between the polychrome (more than one colour)and monochrome (one colour) varieties. Another parameter for differentiation lies in the popularity of a particular type of glass beads among certain ethnic groups. \"For example, the Kelabits of Bario highlands value the let silo, the hanslucent monochrome glass beads whose colours range from blue- green to deep blue. They rank the let silo above the polychrome varieties preferred by other tribes, such as Kenyah, Kayan and Lun Bawang,\" said Heidi Munan, a local authority on Sarawak beads. The two varieties of polychrome glass beads highly esteemed by the three tribes are the Ven- etian lamp beads and millefiori (floral-pat- terned) beads. 14 BERITA SHEIL January 1969

I t BERITA SHELL fanurry 1989

Woe betide any one who touches these beads! Devils will arise and slap the trespasser's face. For these beads are the exclusive property of a Bidayuh priestess. Pictures: Front view (left) and ba& view (right) of the bead necklace when worn. -festival. She saw the descent of a bead a Carnelian beads ... the most cherished and siap the trespasser's face! -single boar tusk as if from heaven. \"There stone-beads in Sarawak. Selakau men generally do not wear beads (a1- was a trancelike state, and at the right moment female, or it loses its power,\" said Dr. Chung. though men from some other tribes may occa- of the ceremony, the bead fell from heaven,\" te- \"The bead is so powerfulthat when exposed sionally wear them). counted Heidi. to the uninitiated, it may destroy that person,\" And what if he does? Heidi acknowledged that the circumstances added Heidi. In response to Heidi's question, the elder surrounding the event might be arguable as she In any case, great care must be exercised had been shown a similar tusk bead before the when handling beads with supernatural pow- exclaimed: \"Ah, tak boleh! Dia jatuh ke lubang ceremony began. However, the event was very di utan!\" (Oh no, he musn't, lest he falls into a ers, or beads used for ceremonial rites. In most pit in the jungle!). -real to all those present and that was what of these cases, too, a line is drawn between beads used by men and those by women, That is not all. Although the women are al- mattered! lowed to wear beads, they should wear only the Dayung Bans (Priestess) Sepan informed good ones. Such incidents were also reported by Ivor Heidi that she needed her beads to strengthen H.N. Evans during his travels in Sabah. He her soul when talking to the spirits. According Some reddish-brown beads, for example, are wrote: In the old days when the sky was 10w, to Dayung Bais Sepan, no man would dare to not to be worn! They are only used to dispelthe Kinorohingan (the male deity) used to say, touch her beads. A member of the spirit cult through women when they were conducting a would also have his own beads which must not bad influence of an unlucky dream. Thus, rundukan (seance), that he would scatter sand be handled by anyone else as devils would arise from above. Then the rundukan people would throw one reddish-brown bead out of the win- spread the mats, and when the women who dow each time you wake up from a bad dreaml were conducting the rundukan loosened their hair, kinokogis (shell beads) fell from them. Great care is also exercised when re-stringrng Matching such tales of the beads' celestial ori- the beads. gins are accounts of their power and taboos as- sociated with the handling of such beads. A string of beads must not be undone or re strung lightly. You need a strong soul to re. \"Although the beads, in themselves, are not supernaturally empowered, they'strengthen' string them. The work must be reverently car- ried out by an elderly person of sufficient ex- the soul of the wearer or owner, thus, protec- perience. The Bidayuhs conduct ceremonies to ting the person in his or her journey into the 'inform' the spirits of the beads should re-str- spiritual world, commented Heidi. inging be necessary. Whatever re-stringing is to be done, beads from a 'masculine' set must Among the Kayan and Kenyah people, the never be mixed with those from a 'feminine' set. traditional doclorc (manang or shaman) we the manangbeads for conducting healing rituals. It is interesting to note that in the stringing of ceremonial or healing beads, at least one bronze \"lt's a powerfulbead, and is kept wrappedin bell must be included. It is believed that the bell. layers of-cloth in a special container, only to be referred to as setegah, keeps the spirits of the taken out by th e manangwhen he performs the healing rites. Jhe bead must not be seen by a beads fiom disagreeing among themselves. When more than one bellis used, the bells must harmonise in sound! Among the Land Dayaks, particularly the 16 BERITA SHELL fanuuY 19E9

mean life or death for the baby she is helping to deliver. The string of blue beads is normally given as part of the mid-wife's fee. However, if the family did not have the beads, or could not afford them, the beads would have to be bor- rowed for the mid-wife's use. Apart from these metaphysical dimensions, the beads are valued for the sense of wealth and beauty they impart t0 the owners, especially in the past. In those days, beads were used in commerce z\" and the trading of consumerables like rice or otor bird-nests. Beads were also used as payment for a slave. Or The lukut sekala, which literally means'very o .*l ,o_ expensive beads' is highly prized by the .F 'c' Kenyah and Kayan elites. One lukut sekala .o € could be exchanged for a slave. a* ;I A string of 'masculine beads', believed to The'manang' tbheeakda-ditaiopnoawl edrofcutlohrseainlinthge Clearly, different types of beads are valued 1::t possess supernafural powers. Brass bells bead used by by different tribes. Sina Kerab Inan, an elderly Kelabit lady of Bario, owns a bead which, she are used to prevent the spirits of the beads Kayan and Kenyah communities. from disagreeing among themselves. claimed, was once worth a slave. However, ,! hers is a camelian, a stone-bead, and not the lukut sekala Some beaded articles conferred status on the owner because they represented objecis of adornment restricted to the upper classes, or the rich. A Kelabit lady of some station, for example, would wear a peta (abeaded headcap of choice glass and stone beads like the carnelian) as if she were wearing a crown. The work of con- structing a fitting peta wlth materials as un- yielding as stones and glass, is a test of any mil- liner's skill and dexterity. No wonder the peta has always been worn with such pride. Other beaded articles conferred status indi- rectly. They comprised common objects like ladies' garments and baby-carriers. However, status was also implicated through 'Pyjamas beads', so called because of their stripes. the designs (which were sewn 0r woven with beads) featured on them. The traditional Keiabits, blue beads are traditionally used to Kenyah baby-carrier, ingan, is a fine example. bless the padi seeds so thattheywillyieidboun- Most Kenyah mothers would have an ingan. However, only ingan belonging to the upper -tiful harvests. A string of blue beads not quite class could feature a full human figure as a de- sign, Motifs of animals iike dogs and birds were long enough to be a necklace nor short enough used by the middle-class. Motifs of less definite life-forms were left for the rest of the tribe. -to be a bracelet is dipped into water and then Apart fiom iheir beauty, it is their cultural used to sprinkle the water over the padi seeds. significance which gives them their strong The Selakaus, on the other hand, believe that sense of identity, making them what they are the sight and touch of beads shengthen an in- Itoday-Sarawakbeads! fant's soul. A warm feeling is evoked when one sees a suckling baby reaching out for the deep blue glass beads worn by the mother. In theorising the primal cause for wearing beads, Robert Bross, a psychiatrist, said that - -touch and not sight is the primary sense ol With special thanks to Heidi Munan, Thomas an infant. He suggested that the passion for Chung and Ramsay Ong, beads may be an indirect longing for the tactile pleasure associated with breaslfeeding and the nipple. A Selakau mid-wife would wear a string o{ fCaovloouurriftuel,amVoenngetKiaany'laanmapn-dbeKaednsy'a-h a blue beads around her wrist while attending to a woman in labour. This is to protect her fiom ladies. the risks associated with her work which may BERITA SHELL |anuary 1989 17

'Mud-stre for by Pang Ngan Yue Beneath the towering steel strucfures of the offshore drilling rigs lies an unsuspected source of shength: 'Mud'. A source of strength conceived in the laboratory of the Production Chemishy department. * or some 30 Shellemployees, pre- nu* ry% paring'mud' and'mud' recipes is not child's play. It is an occu- =@== pation. A technician performing a test on 'mud'. They are employed either as'mud'engineers or technicians in the Production Chemistry de- partment of Sarawak Shell Bhd./Sabah Shell Petroleum Copmpany Ltd. (SSB/SSPC). Their work carries considerable weight. Firstly, comprising nearly half of the Produc- tion Chemistry department, they contribute to a major part of the deparment's activities. Sec- ondly, their work significantly contributes to one of the most basic, yet major aspect of ac- tivities within any oil exploration and produc- tion company:drilling. Probably, having half a department engaged with something like 'mud' sounds far-fetching initially, given the common understanding of the word, 'mud'. It should be explained that 'mud' is the hadi- tional reference to the drilling fluid used in oil production. It is a term which has been carried over from the pioneer days, referring to the pre- sent rotary drilling method which uses a fluid medium to bring the drilled cuttings from the bottom of the well or borehole to the surface, thus, clearing the hole as drilling progresses. In those early days, water which was used as drilling fluid, was obtained from nearby streams or other sources. The water was nor- -mally muddy an appearance that became more pronounced by the time it had been pumped down the depth of the borehole and recirculated to the surface. Hence, 'mud'. Another note of clarification is, the 'mud' re- ferred to nowadays is not as simple as its natur- ally occurring cousin. It has to be carefully pre- pared to specifications in terms of density and viscosity (two major properties among others) for use in individual wells. 18 BERITA SHELT January 1989

The'mud'is normally made of colloidal sus- pensions of clay, between six to eight different chemicals that impart the various required properties, and water (in which case, the'mud' is refened to as water-based'mud'). According to Senior Production Chemist Wim van Beest, water-based 'mud' was used for about 80 per cent of SSB/SSPC's wells drilled this year. Finally, today's 'mud' is not free. Last year, the company spent approximately 13 million ringgit on drilling fluids alone. What role does this mud have in a highly physical activity like drilling. To appreciate its role, a scenario should be es- tablished in terms of the scale of atasic drilling equipment, and the scale of drilling as an activ- ity in the production process. The actual drilling tool comprises a drill bit, which acts as the cutting instrument. It looks like a giant-sized clenched fist with tough metal teeth instead of knuckles. (A drillbit can mea- sure fiom six to 24 inches in diameter.) 'Mud'- a source of strength conceived in Production The bit is connected to the end of a column of Chemistry department steel drill pipes of some 30 feet or nine metres in length each. Depending on the depth of the ground, and grinds at the surface to be drilled, column (hydrostatic head). well to be reached, the length of the drill pipes friction, of stupendous proportions, is pro- The result is, the hydrocarbon fluids are can be extended by progressively attaching ad- duced. forced out to the surface in a violent surge, caus- Friction retards motion. Besides that, the im- ing not only wastage in terms of the oil and gas, ditional lengths of pipes to the former ones. but more importantly, danger to the workers, mense heat it produces will very quickly lead to At the lowest end of the drill pipes are al tached drill collars (extra heavy, thick-walled complete seizure of the equipment (through fire breakouts, and pollution of the environ- pipes weighing up to a tonne each) which direct harsh wear and tear). ment. the weight or force of drilling to the bottom. The The key to conholling the onset of a blowout entire length of the drill pipes with collars is 'Mud', which is circulated continuously dur- known as the drill string and can easily add up ing the drilling process, lubricates the drill lies in the maintenance of pressure control in to 100 tonnes! string, and cools the bit. According to van the borehole. 'Mud' is an effective medium for As for the scale of drilling activities, it suffices to say that Shell, the producer of almost half of Beest, the cooling function of 'mud', alone, te- pressure maintenance because its density duces the rate of wear and tear, or athition, of the drill bit by some 10 to 15 times. Consider the (among other properties) can'be suitably ad- justed. This is done by adding weighting Malaysia's total output of crude oil, has, over cost on equipment saved from that! agents to provide the required gradient needed the years of its operations, drilled more than 600 Sticking of drill pipes to the borehole's walls to balance or counteract the pressure changes in development wells to depths of 1,000 to 10,000 hampers the progress of drilling and may lead the borehole. feet under the seabed, spanning across the 630- to the abandonment of a well. This condition is Indications of an impending blowout can be kilometre coastline of Sarawak and Sabah! caused by the presence of drill cuttings or other observed fiom pressure indicators on the dril- debris that could have come off the walls of the ling rigs. Another danger sign is an increase in The magnitude of the drilling activities is matched by the costs. Drilling costs comprise borehole. the drilling rate which is accompanied by an in- about 80 and 50 per cent ofexploration and field The use of 'mud'in drilling helps to alleviate crease flow of mud to the surface, thus causing development costs, respectively. this problem. A continuous fluid or'mud'col- the fluid levelin the tank to rise. umn is maintained within the borehole as the Against this scenario, we shallsee how'mud' In practice, when a blowout condition is de- plays a multiple role which contributes, ulti- 'mud' is circulated down through the hollow tected or suspected, the blowout preventers in- mately, to making possible such an extensive drillstring and nozzles in the drill bit, then up corporated in the drilling rig are closed im- and expensive activity like drilling to proceed at again through the annular space between the mediately and the surface pressure rechecked. drillstring and borehole. Through its circula- A calculation can then be made to determine the a maximum speed that is compatible with tion, it carries with it the drill cuttings and other change in the density of the 'mud' required to safety. (The rate of drilling is relative to the type of rock body, or formation, that has to be dril- debris to the surface. In this way, the 'mud' controlthe well. I led. It can range from 60 metres per hour to both cleans and clears the borehole and helps to Offshore 'mud' technicians contribute to the merely 30 centimetres per hour if the formation prevent the drill string from becoming stuck. conhol of the situation. They are responsible for is made of very hard rock.) A blowout stands out as the most dreaded implementing the desired increase in weight of The first function of 'mud'is to facilitate and among the various drilling hazards. It occurs if the 'mud' needed to prevent a full development expedite the drilling of a borehole or well. It of a blowout. does that by effectively keeping several com- there is a sudden change in pressure within the mon drilling hazards or obstacles at bay. Preservation by a borehole is not only impor- borehole. The change in pressure may arise tant to prevent the caving-in of the well walls, it when the drill bit encounters an unexpected gas Friction poses an immedate obstacle to dril- trap within the formation and when the pres- also makes good production-economics sense, ling. As the drill bit, with the weight of the drill- sure in the formation around the borehole ex- shing sitting on it, sinks it first 'bite' into the ceeds the back pressure provided by the 'mud' considering the costs which have been, quite lit- erally, pumped into it. BERIIA SHELI ]anuary 1989 19

The people behind the'chemieal connection'in Shell. n introduction io the company's Production Chemistry depart- 'Mud' contributes to the preservation of a 'mud' expedites drilling progress, thus con- borehole by supporting and stabilising the ment is bound to be an eve- walls of the borehole. It is used as a plastering tributing to substantial savings in time and agent and it protects the walls of the well by opener to the wide extent of the 'chemical con- providing an impervious sheath (mud cake) on money that could otherwise be lost through the the wall. In this way, it can controland limit the various drilling obstacles and hazards. nection' in what is normally perceived as entry of liquid and gas from the formation into the borehole. The wall of the well is, thus, Finally, in terms of the environment and largely a physical process of oil and gas produc- strengthened and sealed; the possibility of the tion. wall caving-in is reduced, safety, 'mud' (and especially today's improved To begin with, crude oil and gas in their At certain stages during the drilling of a well, formulations for 'mud') provides operators the wall-supporting function of the 'mud' is natural produced states are chemical mixtures taken over by running and cementing a steel with adequate control over downhole pressure- in themselves, consisting mainly of hydrocar- casing in the drilled hole, before drilling recom- related hazards, such as blowouts, which have bons. Then, certain chemicals are used or mences. (This time, with smaller-sized bit. In added externally at various stages of produc- fact, wells are drilled in such a manner that the untoward consequences on safety, property tion to bring about specifically-desired results. boreholes gradually taper off towards the bot- and the environment. Finally, chemicals are also by-products of our tom.) In these ways too, the use of 'mud'is clearly operations. Where the function of 'mud' is concerned, instrumental to attaining maximum drilling ef- Whatever their origin, the use and presence one feature becomes apparent, and that is, ficiency, compatible with Shell's safety stan- 'mud' actually lends shength to drilling. dards. of these chemicals are closely monitored by the Production Chemistry department. Physically; 'mud' helps to strengthen However, to perform all those functions, the 'mud' has to be properly treated, to meet the Senior Production Chemist Wim van Beest, borehole walls, protecting and preserving the said, \"Through our laboratory and field ac- borehole. specific conditions of each well. Someone has to tivities in research and analysis, we act as the quality conhol body, providing advice and re- Economically; by its functions in cooling the be behind all the necessary planning, research, commending appropriate actions for treatment bit, cleaning and clearing the borehole, and stabilizing the pressure within the borehole, analysis and testing. of oil and gas streams whenever the need That someone is the staff of the Production arises. Chemistry department. Under the supervision \"We help in ensuring that quality, in terms of of van Beest, this department is singularly re- sponsible for the varied quality control aspects expected standards ofperformance, costs, and 0f 'mud', and'mud' preparation, which even- tually give the 'mud'its strength for the indis- safety to workers and the environment, are pensable role in drilling. satisfactorily met in relation to the use and pre- 20 sence of chemicals in our company.\" Production Chemistry department's im- mediate responsibility is to act as the'chemical arm' in the company's Production Technology department (a department within the Pet- roleum Engineering function). On the other hand, production technology is largely concerned with planning the technical aspects and design of production and injection wells, and the overall performance of produc- tion installations. The objective of production technology is to enhance production and maximise recovery of oil or gas. Similarly, production chemistry has a parallel responsibility for the chemical aspects of production. These aspects are complex and demanding, covering the spechum of the production pro- cess, from some of the beginning stages (like drilling)to the final stages in the handling of oil and gas (like dehydration). For example, from the point a well is spudded (whether for exploratory or developing pur- poses), van Beest and his men are responsible for some very pertinent areas related to drilling, preparing a well for production, and mainte- nance of the well. These include work in prep- aration, research and testing of chemical-re- lated substances for: o downhole fluid system (like drilling, comple- tion and workover fluids) to assist and expedite drilling. o oil well cementation to consolidate the condi- BERITA SHEtt fanuary 1989



In 1988, as in everyyear, Shellprogressedby ness. There is no space to list every achieve- a combination of maior capital investment sup- ment, s0 this year I am just going to give you a few examples of progress in each of the three ported by advanced technology and put in fields. Shell is always on the move, and moving place by tommitted teams ol people, who en- faster tool Let us look at the people first, as they are what make the whole company function. iure thit the whole is combined into a safe and efficient operation which serues oul customers. It is these ihree elements which typify our busi- (Cover) Shell's offshore activities are Although the amount of oi1 Shel1 produces, taking assignments with the Shell Group com- carried out round the clock. Photo shows processes and se11s rn Malaysia incteases, o.ur paniei around the world as part o[ the com the installation of the Temana itafl numbers do not increase. We continually compression-A toPside at night. increase our productivrty in order to stay com- -panies' overall development programme in (Below) People: They make Shell. petitive. As in the Olympics, we have io run fas- irJigeria, Oman, Australia and New Zealand, as ier to stay rn front. Our target must be to do the *e11 us in the Netherlands and the UK. A tob n'ith staf{ who become progressively more productive, do more fuliilling iobs, and who further 14 are on inter-sectoral assignments bet- ilso ertn rewards in line with their greater ef- forts. Whiie the voluntarv severance schemes ween the upstream and downstream com- have led to a reduction of over 230 staf{ of She11 panies. companies in Malaysia bv the end of the year, Training continues to be a *. jiso recruited 146 Malavsians with the skills vital part of business and abilities we need. in this context, we have paid particular attention to recruitingolder and Continuous staff training is necessary to re- -more experienced staff 41 in total during the. spond to the demands of technological .de- velopments, to increase productivity and to year, as well as 38 recent graduates. 0n top of have the flexibilitv to accommodate change. The number of man-days of training totalied ihat, in 19BB we plaved our part bv offering over over 15,300 in la88 and involved 3, I 50 staff at- 60 unemployed graduates the opportunity to tendance. \"garn work experience with She11. The merger of Production and Maintenance Of our total siaff, 95 per cent are Malaysrans in the upstream, ior example, involves 270 -with 58 per cent being Bumiputras 64 pet selected operators and technicians undergoing a multi-skilling programme over the next iive cent in the upstream and 49 per cent in the -years a good example of the response to seek- downstream, ihe dtfference reflecting the diffe- rent ethnic composition of the communrties of ing greater efficiencv and to organisational Peninsular MalaYsia, Sabah and Sarawak. change. Many Malaysians are, of course, also workrng as expairiates elsewhere and there are 3B under-

Quality Management !i. ,.ti During 1988, further efforts have been made 1- to implement the concepts of Quality Manage- ment, a system for doing business in the best 1 possible way. Quality Management is aimed at giving staff the freedom to use their initiative to r-t(=:::;ii improve their own work and giving them the support when they recognise this need. A \\;irril Quality Management Improvement Suggestion Scheme (QISS), which incorporates rewards in recognition of good ideas, has been introduced in the upstream and is already producing re- sults. More than 15,300 man-days were spent on staff training in 1988. The year 1988 has seen technological change Sharing Contract (PSC) on March 9, 1988. Wlth ing the contract. In the new areas, we have a1- and development in every area of our business, the Sabah area SB-1 signed in 1987, Shell now ready shot 24,600 kilometres of 2-dimensional fiom exploration for oil and gas, where it a1l be- has two areas under the new PSC terms; if we seismic and covered over 650 square kilometres gins, to new products and services for our cus- are successful these will help ensure our up- wrth 3-dimensional seismic surueys. tomers. stream presence into the next century. Such heavy emphasis on early acquisition of 3-D seismic and non-stop exploration The relatively short exploration and produc- extensive seismic data, prior to exploration dril- tion periods of the Malaysian production shar- ling, is an industry first in Malaysia, with She1l One of the most significant events in 19BB being, by far, the largest user of the 3-dimen- ing contracts mean that it is essential to start sionaltechnique in Malaysia. A consequence of n'as the signing of the Sarawak SK-5 Production this high-tech approach to data acquisition will exploration rapidly. We have done so, starting be the optimal locatron of explotation we11s, maximizing the chances of success. It will also shooting seismic almost immediately after sign- enable rapid evaluation and follow-up drilling to be made on discoveries. The first exploration well in SB-1, Kinabalu-1, was spudded in mid- November this year and is presently dril1ing. The start of drilling in this geologically complex province, only 15 months after PSC signing, is an achievement in itself, and we hold great hopes {or the future of the acreage. Shell has a long history of hydrocarboir explo- ration and production in Sabah and Sarawak, dating back to the discovery of the onshore Miri. field in 1910. Offshore exploration started in Shell is the largest user of the 3- dimensional seismic survey technique in Malaysia. D2I CHANNEL- NSTANTANEOUS PHASE SEISCROP AT DEPTH 2IO FEET

1957 and between that year and 1988, Shell dril- NO, OF WELLS EXPLORATION AND APPRAISAL WELLS DRILLED IN led 353 exploration and appraisal wells, both 700 onshore and offshore. 600 _MALAYSIA FROM 1950 to 1988 CUMULATIVE 500 Of the total 620 exploration and appraisal 400 EXPLORATION AND APPRAISAL WELLS DRILLED IN wells drilled in Malaysia between 1950 and 300 MALAYSIA FBOM 1982 TO 1988 200 1988, Shell has accounted for 373 wells or over 100 60 per cent of the total. Since 1950, Shell has 0 drilled exploratory wells every year, with 31 wells drilled in 1970 alone. Because all this activ- ity takes place far out of sight of land, people often ask if we are still looking for oiI. We can say with some pride that we have never stop- ped drillingl More wells are planned offshore in 1989, in both Sabah and Sarawak. Totalexpenditure on exploration in these two blocks in i988 was about 50 million ringgit and expenditure in 1989 is planned at about 100 million ringgit. Our fu- ture plans are ambitious, including some 30 exploration and 20 appraisal wells over the next five years, demonstrating Shell's longterm commitment to the upstream business in Malaysia. New production techniques and facilities In 1988, Shell oil and condensate production from all contract areas, including the Baram Delta joint-venture, was 230,000 bid, up only a marginal four per cent from 1987. Gas sales amounted to 977 mmcf.ld, an increase of two per cent over 1987. These gas sales are approxi- mately equivalent in ,energy terms to 180,000 b/d of oil. Over the five years, 1984 to 1988, Shell has been a major conhibutor to the country's total crude oil production. In energy terms, oil and gas combined, we are Malaysia's largest producer. More importantly, over this period, ihrough new discoveries, appraisals andletter field performance, we have also managed to re- ---- ll Horizontal drilling - another first' in Malaysia by Shell. Diagram shows how horizontal drilling is catried out.

oil and gas mixture at discharge flange ,il and gas mixture at suction flange rhe murti-phase pump courd make itpo:?:ii jl;;::*\",,,.,fl!:Xlfif\"\"Jtiril\";J#p smarrer fierds' Diagtam shows the place more than we have produced. We expect Turnkey bids invited the use of new blending tanks and equipment for ShellMDS project for imported components have seen further im- to continue to increase our reserves base for It has been an active year for Shell in pursuing provement in the quality of finished diesel. several years to come. its plan to build the world's first commercial Lutong's hardware base will be further im- The first multi-phase pump capable of handi- Middle Distillate Synthesis plant at Bintulu proved by a new cooiing water pump station by ing up to almost 70,000 b/d gross of oil, water the first-half of the year, followed by a new and gas in a fluid mixture (with over 90 per cent which will convert 100 million cubic feet per day crude heater towards the end of 1989. Even at gas fiaction) has arrived fiom UK and will be in- of natural gas into 12,000 b/d of oil products. over 70 years old, a refinery cannot afford to stalled at Bokor BODP-B in early 1989. The new Having completed a project specification at a stand still, let alone retirel pump, which will undergo a 12-month trial to assess its field performance, could make it pos- cost of some 30 million ringgit, Sheli MDS The construction of the facilities relating to sible to use satellite platforms to develop smal- (Malaysia) Sdn Bhd took the decision in early the three major projects which make up the 180 ler fields which are not at present economic; gas 198p to seek competitive lump-sum turnkey million ringgit upgrading and efficiency prog- separation facilities couldbe located on a central ramme at the Port Dickson refinery were com- platform. bidd for construction of the plant, despite falling pleted as scheduled. A11 the new units were oil prices. These bids were received by end 1988 commissioned by March 1988. With these units, Shell has scored another first in Malaysia by and a decision on whether to proceed with the the refinery now has a more flexible configura- successfully applying the techniques of hori- tion to optimize its operations and to meet in- zontal drilling to improve oilrecovery from its project will have to be made by Shell and its creasing distillates demand whilst containing Erb West field offshore Sabah in October this the surplus residue brought about by declining year. Early production tesults from the well prospective partners before the bids expire in fuel oil demand. Further, in order to ensure have been encouraging. The success of this well mid-1989. Key factors in the decision willbe the long-term manufacturing viability and profita- and the experience gained will enable Shell to level of the bids; the gas supply arrangements bility, new investments for the installation of use more of this novel technique to increase oil with PETRONAS; the government's fiscalin- upgrading facilities at Port Dickson refinery are recovery from its other oil fields. centives; and the level of oil prices. being evaluated. These would provide the capability needed to meet the strong demand In the Baram Delta, an accurate gross and net Reaching a positive decision in 1989 will not trend towards a whiter barrel and to sahsfy more stringent legislation for a reduction of lead crude metering system is necessary to allow be easy, but we remain very hopeful o{ success, content in motor gasoline from 0.4 to 0.15 g/litre correct allocation of production. After a pilot by the start of1990. iest, a new indirect field measurement system, believing that the proiect willbe profitable for which determines proportions of oil and water Malaysia, a country with large gas reserves and Quality and customer being pumped from different fields, was instal- a growing appetite for middle distillate fuels. service dominate led. As of March 1988, the system was fully ac- cepted and used for oude allocation in the Continuous refinery marketing initiatives improvements for Baram Delta area. Reflecting the continued recovery in the Three offshore projects were completed dur- better products economy, petroleum products demand con- ing the year; the third drilling platform at Bokor The Lutong refinery attained a throughput of BODP-C, the first Shell unmanned gaslift com- pression station at Temana TEK-A and the third 30,000 b/d, nohvithstanding various opera- drilling jacket at Temana TE]T-T. tional problems. Since October, the commis- sioning of two new product storage tanks and

novation, quality and customer service. These inciuded SHELL CARD, a facility for fleet own- ers; P.U.L.S.E., a customet lubricating oil sam- pling programme; and a superior safety seal to ensure the integrity of our LPG cylinders. Intet- na1 computerised systems deveiopment con- tinued, designed to improve accuracy and speed of information and therefore assist our ability to react to changes in market conditions. Tiram Kimia celebrated its tenth anniversary in October, in a year when both proceeds and profits improved despite difficulties in some market sectors. There was Iurther investment in upgrading the Port Kelang facility. The bifumen manufacturing facility and mild vacuum upnriot g-rapmamrteoaf tththeeuPpogrrtading and efficiency Dickson refinery. tinued to grow at a healthy rate of four per cent Shell's downstream Managing Director, Dato']affar Indot (left), with Southern Bank despite a significant drop in fuel oil consump- Berhad's Chief Executive Direitor, Mr. T.H. Tan, at the launching of the Shell Card. tion for power generation as a result of inter- Advances in information fuel substitution. Some fuels such as LPC, technology upstream and downstream gasoline and diesel grew at much higher rates, Oil remarns the largest source of energy ac- counting for more than 65 per cent of the coun- try's total energy mix. Though competitive pressures intensified, Shell has maintained its share and remains the largest supplier in the Malavsran market. Investment continued to be focused on mod- ernisation of our service stations, depots and in- formation systems. The flrst depot in Bintulu, built by Shell and designed to serve the needs of this developing area, began operations in July. Earlier in the year, our new LPG facility at Sapangar Bay, incorporating the company's latest thinking on safety and security, including mounded horizontal storage tanks, was opened. A number of new products and concepts have been introduced, consistent with our aim to maintain our leadership in technologrcal in- The past year saw the progressive inttoduc- tion of the ShellGroup ICEPE (lntegrated Com- puter Environment for Petroleum Engineering) system into all sections of the Petroleum En- grneering function. By year end, ICEPE had achreved al1 the benefits projected in the origi- nalproposaland staff willhave on-line access to eSfhfoerlltsSaetrvimis p-ropvainrgt ocfuSshtoemll'esr continuous service.

t1$ The Seismic Interactive Data Interpretation System 2000, the fourth workstation to be installed, has made seismic interpretation much easier. a suite of very sophisticated exploration and on-line financial systems operate also provides confident that we are WINNING. production applications based on VAX comput a message-sending facility. FYI (For Your Infor- And innovation EIS. in finance too! ofmation) is being used increasingly in place A major technicalreview was comPleted into thetelex for messages between regular users of the type and make-up of telecommunications and computer hardware, software and net- on-line systems. working which will be -required to implement the projects in the Strategic Information Plan. The introduction of these and other planned In the past, the Malaysian money market The resulting technology plans include the on-line systems to all sites will bring major lacked breadth and depth. Last year witnessed changes to the workplace. Some 200 staff in the birth of corporate loan securitisation when provision of computer access for all worksites Shell successfully issued two series of Promis- throughout Sabah and Sarawak via intercon- worksites all over the country, from Penang to sory Notes totalling 225 million ringgit. The nected local, wide and mobile area networks. Kota Kinabalu, are connected online to the Mil- fixed-rate market has developed rapidly since These networks will use the latest proven net- then, progressing from three-year to five-year lennium environment. But it is early days still. notes. For Shell, the fixed-rate notes are an effi- working technology. The new Lutong office has As the systems evolve, and as other systems are cient method of funding our long-termprojects, provided a unique opportunity to install a mod- and using the local market as a source of funds. brought on-line, opportunities will emg]ge to We also pioneered major corporate sale and ern high-speed local area network during con- struction of the building. Integrating the 750 ratioialise adminisirative processes. Staff using leaseback arrangements with Bank Islam, to personalcomputers and terminals which are al- these new systems are therefore playing a vital ready on the desks of upsheam staff onshore role in improving the infrastructure supporting mutual benefit. and offshore willthen be possible. Shell's activities and, in turn, improving ser- The substantial investments being made in downstream information and computer sys- vices to our customers. tems led to a major shift towards on-line work- The competition is tough, but with these im- ing in 1988. Area offices and worksites through- provements in information technology, I am out Malaysia are now connected to the At the outset, I said that there were three legs programme has to have a consistent base to on which our business rests: people, technol- allow efficient use of resources, both inside the downsheam computer centre in Kuala Lum- ogy and capital. The broad base of Shell's busi- company and outside, without too many peaks ness, its financial shength and its access to the pur, and the first of the new suite of on-line fi- best technology mean, together, that Shell can and troughs. staff and put in place and operate a substantial Over the past five years, Shell has invested 4 nancial systems were implemented by the investment programme year by year. The in- vestment programme has to pay regard to pre- billion ringgit in new projects in Malaysia, and DCRIS (Downstream Cost Reporting and Infor- vailing economic conditions, both nationally we expect to invest almost twice as much over and intcrnationally, as well as being flexible the next five years. Our planned investment is mation System) project team. enough to take advantage ofnew opportunities larger than that at any point in the past. as and when they arise. At the same time, the From personal computers on their desks, staff in area offices, worksites and head office can now review their customets' credit status, process receipts and update customers' ac- counts. At the same time, suppliers'invoices are processed on-line in marketing worksites and area offices, in Port Dickson refinery, and in Kuala Lumpur head office. The Millennium environment in which the

ffiq&ffi EBW *1.i*S qA Ft r:{iri ?s *sn ffi&F#3*wi* Most of Shell's offshore structures are fabricated by Malaysian companies. Photo shows the Temana compression-A topside at the Sabah Shipyard before it was loaded out. Malaysia not isolated but if the outlook settles down to a prolonged sian companies. For 1988, up to October, a total period of low prices, or iImaintenance of prices of 145 contracts worth 496 million ringgit were from world markets requires prolonged periods of production re- awarded. Over 75 per cent of the total are con- strictions, the timing of the investments wili This rnvestment cannot be isolated from tracts awarded to Malaysian companies, of movements in oi1 prices. The breakdown of have to be re-examined. OPEC dlscipline fiom early 19BB tipped the which Bumiputra companies comprise B0 per fragile oi1 supply-demand balance towards More than 75 per cent over-production, leading to an inexorable de- upstream contracts awarded cent. Fabrication contracts for five offshore cline in prices during the rest of the year, with structures worth a total of some 70 million to Malaysian companies ringgit were awarded to various Malaysian prices as low as US$10-12 per barrel. The aver- age price for Malaysran crude fell to around Since 1 983, a tolal of 7,27 0 upstream contracts yards during 1988. US$16 per barrel for 1988 against US$18 per bar- In the downstream, almost all contracts are worth some 2.1 billion ringgit have been rel in 1987. With the end November OPEC awarded. Of the total, over 83 per cent com- awarded to Malaysian companies. Plans are al- prised contracts that were awarded to Malay- ready afoot to maximize the Malaysian content agreement 0n quotas, the outlook looks some- of the MDS project if it goes ahead, although the what brighter, but there is a large overhang of The combination of people, technology and stocks laid down at low prices during the sec- capital can work just as well in a joint-venture main contractor will inevitablv be oveseas ond-half of 1988. As these stocks are worked situation. Two very important joint ventures, off, the price willbe under continuous pressure one ten years o1d and one new, deserve a spe- based. and OPEC's resolve to hold production levels to cial mention. portant joint-venture project (60 per cent PET- agreed quotas will be tested. Likewise, Milestones in MLNG RONAS, 5 per cent Sarawak Government, 17.5 per cent Mitsubishi, 77.5per cent Shell), which Malaysia's growth in production capacity out- 1988 was a memorable year for this very im- in its own right ranks as Malaysia's sixth largest strips the relatively modest growth in produc- export industry. The year saw the tenth an- tion from 540,000 b/d in 19BB to the 563,000 b/d nlversary of the signing of the joint-r,enture budgeted by the government for 1989. All oi1 agreement, and the achievement of plateau de- producers produce into the same world market livery volume under the six-million-tonne-per- annum contract with Tokyo Electric and Tokyo vulnerable to over-production. In the short term, Shell's investment programme is robust to the sort of price fluctuations we have seen, 7

'Handing-over' of operatorship of Baram Delta. Shell's upstream Managing Director, Datuk Chris Knight (left), presenting the 'key'to PETRONAS Carigali's General Manager for Baram Delta operations, Encik Idris Mansor. Gas. are also proud of being asked to assist Carigali development of our working relationship with Carigali. Previously, there were already up to Five years of technical excellence and reliable in technical matters during this important 50 Carigali staff working in teams with Shell operation, combined with judicious investment rn debottlenecking, have now confirmed that period in Carigali's growth as an upstream oil staff on the Baram De1ta. The ioint-venture spirit is already well-developed. MLNG's liquefaction plant at Bintulu could comPany. supply an additional 1.5 million tonnes per This new joint venture is a continuation and a annum of LNG to customers. This, together with more optimistic LNG market prospects in Japan and elsewhere, Ied to a firm decision dur- ing the year for Shell to construct a second 125- km 36-inch-diameter subsea gas trunkline fiom Central Luconia to Bintulu by late 1990. This substantial investment will fully support any additional sales by MLNG, whose gas in- take through the first trunkline at times already exceeds one billion cubic feet per day. Shell's technical support for all phases of the LNG project was also re-affirmed during the year by the extension of MISC's manning agree- ment with Shell Tankers UK Ltd, and by MLNG's extension of its operating service agreement with She1l. Carigali as Baram Delta operator October 1, 1988 marked a new development Minister of Public Enterprises YB Dato' Napsiah Omar, accompanied by Chairman and Chief Executive Dr. Mark Moody-Stuart, at the road-safety exhibition held in in Malaysia's oil industry when PETRONAS conjunction with Shell's Best-Driver-of-the-Year competition. Carigali took over the operatorship of the oi1 fields in the Baram Delta from Shell. A great The interaction of capital, technology and while it is only the people who can make it al1 deal of investment is planned in the Baram people, whether in joinl venture or as a Shell happen safely, technology can certainiy help. Delta over the next fewyears, including a major withoperation, must be achieved in safety, and Shell is also prepared to make funds available to gas gathering and conservation scheme and the minimum negative impact on our environment. ensure a safe operation. drilling of many new wells to tap new reserues. ForEven here, all three elements play a role. Shell will continue as 50 per cent partner in Thequalityof workintheseareasishighligh- the Baram Delta operation and has been asked by Carigali to make available to it such technical assistance as is needed. Shell values the partnership with Carigali in the Baram Delta as well as in She11's new exploration acreage. We

ted by the excellent performance achieved in our operations throughout Malaysia. This is recognised by many organisations who have re- quested Shell to contribute by providing lectur- ers for seminars and training courses through- out the country and overseas. Activities on improving the environment in- clude conducting research studies with local universities to increase our knowledge of en- vironmental sensitivities and conducting en- vironmental impact assessments. Many safety records The upstream companies have completed Held since 1957 together with the birth of the nation, the Shell Traffic Games are aimed more than five million man-hours of work with- at inculcating road-safety awareness among the young. out a losltime injury. The combined losttime injury frequency rate for Sarawak Shell, Sabah very serious accident is perhaps greatest on the record until we achieve our zero target. This Shell and their contractors is considerably bet- road. This year, road accident fatalities as- will only be possible if we all apply the very best ter than the worldwide oil industry average, sociated with our operations fell from 12 to five; defensive driving techniques. Defensive driv- and one of our construction contractors has ing courses have been conducted for some 736 completed more than four million man-hours to put this in context, total road accident company and contractor empioyees, mainly without a lost-time injury. The record is not un- tanker drivers. In addition, awareness cam- iformly good. In December, a tragic accident on fatalities for Malaysia is running at seven deaths paigns to promote safer driving habits have a contracted anchor handling vessel led to the per day. Our packed product and bulk lorries death of a seaman. drive around 60 million kilometres a year deliv- been conducted by upstream and downstream ering products, so the risk is considerable. I am Other Shellcompanies in Malaysia have also very pleased that our sales and administrative sectors, and driving safety handbooks have achieved significant safety goals, with Shell Re- staff, who also drive an average of three million been produced for company personnel and fining Company working for more than one kilometres a year 0n company business, have made available to the general public via retail year without a lost-time injury; the marketing maintained their record of no serious accident. companies have completed more than two mill- outlets. ion man-hours without lost-time accident and We cannot be huly proud of our road-safety their conhactors over three million man-hours before a lost-time accident occurred. Records in 'Mak Yong'- received overwhelming our products, our stations, our vehicles on the joint ventures are also good with MLNG staff roads, on television, and as ordinary citizens completing over four million man-hours and response when recently performed at with our neighbours. In recognition of the role their contractors working for more than one year without a losltime injury. Shell's monthly I,rrnci-P\" Cultural Prog- of the individual employee, we have just These achievements have been made possi- started the Shell Community Service scheme. ble through a much greater awareness to safety This enables individualemployees in their roie at work by staff, which has been assisted by the as citizens to sponsor community activities in extensive efforts placed on identifying and cor- which they are involved, using a donation from recting unsafe acts in the workplace. Consider- the company. This recognizes that the biggest able effort has also been given to raising the contribution we can make to the community is our own individual active involvement and in- standards of safety of our conkactors' staff terest; but a little bit of financial backing does not go amiss either. through training courses, as demonstrated by the contractors safety convention, which was Thirty-one years of attended by more than 100 of Shell marketing's Shell Traffic Games contractors fiom all over Malaysia. The opening of the Safety Training School in Miri provides Shell and its employees are part and parcel of In many areas, an on-going commitment is an opportunity for contractor training which the Malaysian community. We interact all the essentialand November saw the third Triennial was not previously available in Malaysia. time with the public through our operations, National-level Shell Traffic Games with par- Roads are stillthe most dangerous place Road safety throughout our operations con- tinued to receive special attention. Statistically we are much more likely to be involved in an ac- cident in our homes, on the road, or on the sports field than at work and the potentialfor a I

ticipants from a1l over Malaysia. Renamed the Shell Educational Traffic Competition, it has been adopted by the Malaysian Road Safety Councilunder its own umbrella of activities. Shell introduced the games to the country in 1957 with the aim of inculcating road-safety awareness in the young. Since then, 14 perma- nent 'traffic gardens' have been established in the major towns throughout the country. The local-level games are conducted regularly in each state with the involvement of the state Road Safety Councils, the police, local or city councils, information departments and bodies like the police cadets, scouts, girl guides and the Red Crescent Society. 39 games were con- ducted in 1988, involving 16,000 students. Civic centre and civic activities The Miri Dewan Suarah, to which we have Miri's Dewan Suarah - Shell's way of saying'thank you'to the Miri community. contributed three million ringgit, was opened on ]une 20th this year. This new civic centre is the years. From 723,000 ringgit in 7973, it grew abroad and 65 are in the local universities. In ad- one way for us to say thank you to the Miri people for our long association. to 2.9 million ringgit in 1988. dition, we also give bursaries to secondary The monthly Shel1 Lunch-time Cultural Prog- At present, we have a total of 112 scholars in school students throughout the country. 221 ramme, introduced in April1986, has become a institutions of higher learning, of which 47 are such bursaries were given out in 1988. familiar offering in Kuala Lumpur's cultural calendar, The programme has featured drama, dance, music, art, talks on the environment, precious stones and even fung shui. Single largest pdvate Although it is not possible to review every theme which recurs every year. The human fac- scholarship programme tor is without doubt the most important of the facet of our operations, the pattern of work de- Shell has perhaps the single largest private scribed is typical of almost all of Shell's opera- three elements and I should like to thank all sector scholarship programme. The scholarshrp tions. The combinaton of capital and technol- expenditure per year has steadily grown over ogy put together by the dedicated efforts of Shell employees for the part thev have played in people throughout the Shell organisation is a 1988. Shell - in step with the progress of Malaysia. 10

TINIAUAN AKTIVITI SHELL DALAMTAHUNl9ss OLEH DR MARK MOODY.STUART PENGERUSI DAN KETUA EKSEKUTIF SYARIKAT.SYARIKAT SHELL DI MALAYSIA 146 rukyat Malaysia yang memiliki kemahiran yang diberikan terhadap usaha mendapatkan kecekapan yang lebih tinggi dan penyesuaian dan keupayaan yang kita perlukan. Di dalam diri dengan perubahan organisasi. konteks ini, kita telah memberikan tumpuan Pengurusan Mutu kepada pengambilan kakitangan yang lebih be- Dalam tahun 1988, usaha telah ditingkatkan bagi melaksanakan konsep Pengurusan Mutu -rumur dan berpengalaman 41 orang (Quality Management), iaitu satu sistem men- jalankan urusan dengan cara yang paling baik alam tahun 1988, sebagaimana kesemuanya sepanjang tahun berkenaan, serta yang mungkin. Pengurusan Mutu bertujuan di setiap tahun yang lain, Shell memberi kakitangan kebebasan menggunakan telah meningkat maju menerusi 38 orang gaduan. Selain daripada itu, dalam dayausaha mereka untuk meningkatkan mutu gabungan pelaburan modal pekerjaan mereka dan memberikan mereka yang besar disokong oleh teknologi terbaru tahun 1988 kita telah menawarkan peluang sokongan apabila mereka menyedari keper- yang dipadukan oleh kumpulan-kumpulan luannya. Satu Skim Syor Memperbaiki Pen- manusia yang komited. Mereka memastikan kepada lebih 60 orang gaduan menganggur gurusan Mutu (QISS), yang menawarkan gan- yang keseluruhannya bergabung pula menjadi iaran bagi idea-idea yang baik, telah diper- satu operasi yang selamat dan cekap. Tiga mendapat pengalaman bekeria dengan Shell. unsur inilah yang melambangkdn keberkesa- kenalkan di sektor huluan dan telahpun nan pemiagaan kita. Oleh kerana ruang tidak Daripada kesemua kakitangan kita, 95 mencukupi bagi saya menyenaraikan sesemua peratus adalah terdiri daripada rakyat. menunjukkan hasil. kejayaan yang dicapai, pada tahun ini, saya akan cuma menggariskan beberapa contoh Malaysia, di mana 58 peratus adalah Bumipu- Tahun 1988 telah memperlihatkan peruba- kemajuan yang dicapai di setiap bidang yang teru-6lperatus di sektor Huluan dan 49 han dan kemajuan teknologi di dalam setiap tersebut, Shell sentiasa bergerak, dan dengan lebih pantas pula! Marilah kita tinjau manusia- peratus di sektor Hiliran. Perbezaan perafusan bidang perniagaan kita, dari pencarigalian nya dahulu, kerana merekalah unsur yang ini mencerminkan suku kaum yang berbeza- untuk mendapatkan minyak dan gas, di mana menjadi nadi penggerak kepada syarikat semuanya bermula, kepada barangan dan beza di Semenanjung Malaysia, Sabah dan khidmat-khidmat baru bagi para pelanggan keseluruhannya. kita, Sarawak. Ramai rakyat Malaysia pula bertugas Sungguhpun jumlah minyak yang dikeluar, Sismik 3-D dan pencarigalian tanpa sebagai pegawai dagang di merata dunia, di henti diproses serta dijual oleh Shell di Malaysia mana 38 orang sedang menjalani tugas dengan Salah satu daripada peristiwa yang paling semakin meningkat, namun bilangan kakitan- berkesan dalam tahun 1988 ialah termaktubnya gannya tidakbertambah. Kita terus meningkat- syarikat-syarikat Kumpulan Shell, sebagai Kontrak Perkongsian Pengeluaran Sarawak SK- 5 pada 9 Mac, 1988. Bersama dengan kawasan kan produktiviti supaya sentiasa bersaing. sebahagian daripada program kemajuan SB-1 di Sabah yang ditandatangani pada tahun 1987, Shell kini mempunyai dua kawasan di Seperti di dalam sukan Olimpik, kita perlu ber- -keseluruhan syarikat di Nigeria, Oman, Aus- bawah syarat-syarat baru konhak perkongsian lari lebih pantas untukterus berada di hadapan. pengeluaran; jika kita berjaya, ia akan mem- tralia dan New Zealand serta di Belanda dan Kita harus mengendalikan urusan dengan kakitangan yang semakin produktif yang UK, Seramai 14 orang lagi sedang menjalani melaksanakan pekerjaan yang lebih men- tugas antara sektor, di syarikat-syarikat Huluan datangkan kesan, dan yang juga mendapat ganjaran yang sejajar dengan usaha mereka dan Hiliran. yang lebih $gih. Sungguhpun skim-skim per- saraan sukarela telah mengurangkan lebih 230 Latihan terus merupakan orang kakitangan, Syarikat-syarikat Shell di bahagian penting perniagaan Malaysia juga telah mengambil masuk seramai Latihan kakitangan secara berterusan adalah perlu untuk menyahut kemajuan teknologi, untuk meningkatkan produktiviti dan untuk menghadapi perubahan masa dan keadaan. Latihan kakitangan dalam tahun 1988 berjum- lah 15,300 hari.pekerja dan melibatkan 3,150 orang kakitangan. Percantuman di antara fungsi Pengeluaran dan Penyenggaraan di sektor huluan, misal- nya, melibatkan 270 orang operator pilihan serta juruteknik menjalani program serba- kemahiran selama lima tahunyangakan datang - satu contoh yang baik tentang sambutan 11

Gabungan modal dan teknologi dipadukan dengan usaha setiap kakitangan di keseluruhan organisasi Shell. bantu memastikan kehadiran kita di sektor Hu- membolehkan penilaian serta penggerudian peratus daripadanya telah dilaksanakan oleh susulan dijalankan dengan pantas terhadap luan ke abad yang akan datang. penemuan-penemuan. Telaga pencarigalian Shell. Sejak tahun 1950, Shell telah menggerudi Tempoh yang agak suntuk di dalam kontrak- yang pertama di blok SB-1, Kinabalu 1, telah di- telaga pencarigalian setiap tahun, dimana 31 konhak perkongsian pengeluaran Malaysia be- gali pada pertengahan bulan November tahun telah digerudi dalam tahun 1970 sahaja. Oleh rerti bahawa adalah penting bagi kita memula- ini dan kini sedang digerudi. Permulaan kerana semua kegiatan ini dijalankan di tengah kan pencarigalian dengan pesat dan pantas. laut, jauh dari pemandangan mata, ramai orang Kita telahpun melakukan demikian, dengan penggerudian di dalam kawasan yang serba memulakan usaha menembak sismik hampir kompleks keadaan geologinya ini, hanya 15 tertanyatanya sama ada kami masih berusaha serta merta setelah konhak ditandatangani. Di mencari minyak. Kita boleh berkata dengan kawasan-kawasan baru ini, kita telah menem- bulan selepas kontrak perkongsian bak 24,600 kilometer sismik 2-dimensi,' dan agak bangga bahawa sebenarnya kita tidak per- menjalankan kajian kaedah sismik3-dimensi ke pengeluaran ditandatangani, adalah dengan sendirinya satu kejayaan dan kita menaruh nah berhenti menggerudi! atas kawasan seluas 650 kilometer persegi. harapan yang besar terhadap masa depan Banyak lagi telaga luar pantai dirancangkan Penekanan yang begitu berat terhadap kawasan ini. bagi tahun 1989, di Sabah dan Sarawak. |umlah perbelanjaan terhadap pencarigalian di kedua- perolehan awal data-data sismik secara meluas, Shell mempunyai sejarah pencarigalian dan dua blok ini dalam tahun 1988 ialah kira-kira 50 :ebelum penggerudian pencarigalian dilaku- pengeluaran hidrokarbon yang lama di Sabah juta ringgit dan perbelanjaan yang diran- kan, merupakan usaha yang pertama di kalan- dan Sarawak, sejak penemuan medan daratan cangkan bagi tahun 1989 ialah kira-kira 100 juta gan industri ini di Malaysia, di mana Shell Miri dalam tahun 1910. Pencarigalian luar pan- ring$t. Cita-cita masa depan kita sungguh merupakan pengguna terbesar kaedah 3-di- urensi di Malaysia. Pendekatan teknologi tinggi tai telah bermula dalam tahun 1957 dan antara tinggi, termasuk kira-kira 30 telaga pencariga- lian dan 20 telaga penaksiran dalam tempoh terhadap perolehan data ini akan mem- tahun itu dan tahun 1988, Shell telah lima tahun yang akan datang. Ia melam- bolehkan penentuan lokasi telagatelaga pen- menggerudi 353 telaga pencarigalian dan carigalian yang optimum, dengan itu memak- bangkan komitmen jangka panjang Shell penaksiran, di atas darat dan di luar pantai. simumkan peluang kejayaan. Ia juga akan terhadap perniagaan sektor Huluan di Daripada sejumlah 620 telaga pencarigalian Malaysia. dan penaksiran yang digerudi di Malaysia di antara tahun 1950 dan 1988, 373 atau hampir 60 12

Kaedah-kaedah pengeluaran dan ketiga di Bokor BODP-C, stesen pemampatan Pembinaan kemudahan-kemudahan yang t keniikan gas berdikari Shell di Temana TEK-A berkait dengan tiga projek besar yang melibat- kemudahan baru dan jaket penggerudian yang ketiga di Temana kan perbelanjaan 180 juta ringgit di dalam prog- TEIT-T. Dalam tahun 1988, pengeluaran minyak dan ram meningkatkan kecekapan di kilang bahan peluapan Shell dari semua kawasan kon- Tawaran tender siap guna dipelawa hak, termasuk Usahasama Baram Delta, ber- bagr projek MDS penapis Port Dickson telah siap mengikut jumlah 230,000 tong sehari, melebihi dengan jadual. Kesemua unit-unit baru telahber- hanya empat peratus dari tahun 1987. |umlah Tahun 1988 merupakan satu tahun yang giat operasi menjelang bulan Mac 1988. Dengan jualan gas ialah 977 mmcf sehari, bertambah adanya unit-unit ini, kilang penapis tersebut dua peratus daritahun 1987. |umlah jualan gas bagr Shell di dalam mengusahakan hasratnya kini berupaya mengoptimumkan operasinya ini adalah bersamaan dari segi tenaga dengan untuk membina loji Middle Distillate Synthesis bagi memenuhi permintaan yang meningkat 180,000 tong minyak sehari. Dalam tempoh secara komersial yang pertama di dunia di Bin- bagi bahan-bahan sulingan sambil menahan lima tahun, dari tahun 1984 hingga 1988, Shell tulu yang akan menukarkan sejumlah 100 juta adalah antara penyumbang terbesar terhadap kaki padu sehari gas asli menjadi 12,000 tong sisa yang berlebihan yang diakibatkan oleh per- jumlah pengeluaran minyak mentah negara. sehari barangan minyak. Setelah menyiapkan mintaan yang menurun bagi minyak bahan api. Dari segi tenaga, minyak bersama gas, Shell penentuan projek yang menelan belania 30 iuta Tambahan pula, bagi memastikan daya per- iing6t, Shell MDS (Malaysia) Sdn Bhd telah kilangan dan keberuntungan jangka panjang, merupakan pengeluar yang terbesar di membuat keputusan pada awal tahun 1988 pelaburan-pelaburan baru ke atas kemudahan- untuk mendapatkan tawaran-tawaran tender Malaysia. Lebih penting lag, dalam siap guna yang bersaing bagi membina loji ini, kemudahan peningkatan mutu di kilang meikipun dalam suasana harga minyak yang jangkamasa ini, menerusi penemuan-pene- menurun. Tawaran-tawaran ini telah diterima penapis Port Dickson sedang ditaksirkan. Ini menjelang hujung tahun 1988 dan satu keputu- akan membawa kepada keupayaan memenuhi muan baru, penaksiran serta prestasi medan san harus dibuat oleh Shell dan rakan-rakan permintaan yang ting$ terhadap barangan kongsinya sebelum tawaran-tawaran ini tamat yang lebih ringan serta memenuhi kehendak yang lebih baik, kita juga telah beriaya undang-undang yang lebih ketat bagi men- tempohnya pada pertengahan tahun 1989. Fak- gurangkan kandungan plumbum dalam menggantikan lebih daripada yang kta keluar- tor utama di dalam menentukan keputusan ter- minyak pehol, dari 0.4 kepada 0.15 g/liter men- kan. Kami harap akan dapat terus meningkat- sebut ialah harga tawaran, peraturan pembeka- jelang awal tahun 1990. kan jumlah simpanan kami buat beberapa lan gas dengan PETRONAS, galakan cukai Mutu dan khidmat pelanggan tahun yang akan datang. Pam serba-fasa yang pertama, yangberupaya Kerajaan dan paras harga minyak. menguasai dayausaha pemasaran Bukanlah mudah mencapai satu keputusan mengendalikan hampir 70,000 tong sehari Sejajar dengan ekonomiyang semakin pulih, kasar minyak, air dan gas di dalam campuran yang positif dalam tahun 1989, tetapi kami tetap permintaan bagi barangan petroleum terus mengharapkan kejayaan, memegang keper- meningkat dengan kadar yang subur, iaitu bendalir (dengan lebih 90 peratus pembahagian cayaan bahawa projek tersebut akan membawa empat peratus, meskipun penggunaan minyak gas), telah tiba dari UK dan akan dipasang di keuntungan kepada Malaysia, sebuah negara bahan api bagi penjanaan telah jatuh hasil Bokor BODP-B pada awal tahun 1989. Pam baru yang mempunyai simpanan gas yangbesar dan daripada penggantian oleh berbagai bahan api. itu, yang akan menjalani ujian-12 bulan untuk selera yang berkembang bagi bahan-bahan api Bahan-bahan api seperti LPG, minyak pehol menilai prestasinya, akan membolehkan pelan- middle distillate. dan diesel telah berkembang pada kadar yang tar-pelantar satelit digunakan untuk memaju- lebih tinggi. Minyak tetap menjadi sumber kanmedan-medan yang lebih kecil yang ketika Proses mempeftaiki kilang Penapis secara berterusan, unhrk barangan tenaga yang terbesar, merupakan lebih ini tidak ekonomik dilaksanakan; kemudahan- kemudahan pengasingan gas boleh ditempat- yang lebih baik daripada 65 peratus jumlah campuran tenaga negara. Sungguhpun persaingan bertambah kan di atas pelantar pusat. Kilang penapis Lutong telah berjaya meng- hebat, Shell telah mengekalkan kedudukannya Shell telah berjaya lagi mencatat sejarah di dan tetap menjadi pembekal terbesar di pasa- hasilkan 30,000 tong sehari sungguhpun Malaysia apabila ia berjaya buat pertama ran Malaysia. berhadapan dengan berbagai masalah operasi' Pelaburan terus ditumpukan ke atas usaha kalinya menggunakan kaedah penggerudian Sejak bulan Oktober, pemasangan dua buah mendatar untuk memperbaiki proses menaik- mempermodenkan stesen-stesen servis, tangki simpanan barangan yang baru dan depoh-depoh dan sistem maklumat kami. kan minyak dari medan Erb West di Sabah penggunaan tangki pencampuran serta alat- Depoh yang pertama di Bintulu, yang dibina dalam bulan Oktober tahun ini. Hasil-hasil oleh Shell untuk melayani keperluan di kawa- pengeluaran awal daripada telaga tersebut alat yang baru bagi komponen-komponen yang san yang sedang meningkat maju ini, telah diimport telah memperbaiki lagi mutu diesel memulakan operasinya pada bulan Julai. Pada idalah menggalakkan. Kejayaan telaga ini dan siap. Sebuah stesen pam penyejukan air yang awal tahun berkenaan, kemudahan LPG kami pengalaman yang ditimba akan membolehkan baru, yang akan dipasang pada separuh tahun Shell menggunakan kaedah ini dengan lebih yang baru di Teluk Sapangar, yang meluas lagi untuk menaikkan lebih banyak yang pertama 1989 akan memperbaiki lagi minyak dari medan-medan yang lain. kelengkapan di kilang penapis Lutong. Ini akan menggabungi ciri-ciri Shell yang terbaru diikuti dengan pemasangan alat pemanas D Baram Delta, satu sistem permeteran minyak mentah yang baru menjelang hujung mengenai keselamatan dan kawalan, termasuk tahun 1989. Sungguhpun sudah berumur lebih tangki-tangki simpanan mendatar dan tertim- minyak mentah kasar dan bersih yang tepat 70 tahun, sesebuah kilang penapis itu tidak bus, telahpun dibuka. adalah diperlukan supaya pengeluaran dapat mampu berdiam diri sahaja, inikan pula bersara dibahagikan dengan betul. Setelah ujian perin- Beberapa barangan dan konsep baru telah di- tis dijalankan, satu sistem pengukuran medan terus! yang baru, yang dapat menentukan jumlah perkenalkan, selaras dengan tujuan kami minyak dan air yang dipamkan dari medan- untuk mengekalkan kedudukan kami sebagai medan yang berlainan, telahpun dipasang. pemimpin dari segi teknologi baru, mutu dan Sejak bulan Mac 1988, sistem ini telah diterima khidmat pelanggan. Ini termasuklah SHELL sepenuhnya dan digunakan bagi pembahagian minyak mentah di kawasan Baram Delta. Tiga projek luar pantai telah disiapkan dalam tahun berkenaan; pelantar penggerudian yang 13

Shell menjadi penaja kepada acara-acara perlumbaan seperti rally kereta, bagi memberi peluang kepada peminat per- lumbaan berlumba di dalam keadaan selamat dan terkawal. CARD, satu kemudahan bagi pemilik-pemilik pada suatu tahun di mana pendapatan dan Perkomputeran Bergabung bagi Kejuruteraan Petroleum) kepada semua bahagian fungsi angkatan kenderaan; P.U.L.S.E., iaitu satu keuntungan telah terus meningkat, meskipun kejuruteraan petroleum. Menjelang hujung terdapat kesulitan di beberapa sektor pasaran, program penc0ntohan minyak pelincir bagi tahun, ICEPE telah mencapai segala faedah para pelanggan; dan penutup keselamatan Beberapa pelaburan telah dibuat untuk yang dijangkakan di dalam cadangan asal dan rang bermutu tinggi bagi tabung-tabung LPG meningkatkan kemudahannya di Pelabuhan para kakitangan akan mempunyai terusan'on- kami. Usaha bagi mema;ukan sistem perkom- Klang. puteran dalaman terus dijalankan, direkaben- line' kepada berbagar kaedah pencarigalian dan Kemajuan di dalam teknologi mak tuk untuk meningkatkan ketepatan dan kela- lumat di sektor huluan dan hiliran pengeluaran untuk usaha (yang sangat sofisti- kated) berasaskan kepada komputer-komputer :uan aliran maklumat, yang seterusnya Tahun yang baru berlalu ini telah memper- meningkatkan keupayaan kami berttndak lihatkan pengenalan satu sistem yang dikenali VAX. rerhadap sebarang perubahan di dalam kea- sebagai Shell Group ICEPE (Sistem Suasana Satu kajian teknik besar telah disiapkan bagi Jaan pasaran. menentukan jenis dan bentuk telekomunikasi dan perisian, perkakasan serta perangkaian Tiram Kimia telah menyambut ulang tahun- yang akan dlperlukan bagi meiaksanakan pro- :\\'a yang ke sepuluh padi bulan Okto6er, iaitu jek-projek di bawah Rancangan Maklumat ,UM Strategik. {}*w. Rancangan-rancangan teknologi yang di- Satu konsep baru, Shell Card, telah diperkenalkan untuk memberi kemudahan kepada hasilkan termasuklah terusan komputer bagi pemilik-pemilik angkatan kenderaan. semua kawasan-kawasan kerja di seiuruh Sabah dan Sarawak menerusi rangkaian- rangkaian yang berhubung di antara satu sama lain secara tempatan, meluas dan bergerak. Rangkaian-rangkaian ini akan menggunakan teknologi-teknologi perangkaian yang terbukti keberkesanannya. Pejabat baru di Lutong telah menawarkan peluang yang unik bagi memasang satu rangkaian kawasan yang moden dan pantas semasa bangunan itu di- bina. Ini akan memungkinkan penggabungan 750 komputer peribadi dan terminal yang sudah pun terpampang di atas mela kakitangan sektor huluan di daratan dan di luar pantai. Pelaburan besar yang sedang dijalankan bagi sistem-sistem maklumat dan komputer sektor hiliran telah membawa kepada perubahan besar menjalankan pekerjaan secara terusan 'on line' pada tahun 1988. Pejabat-pejabat kawasan dan kawasan-kawasan kerja di- hubungkan kepada pusat komputer sektor hili- ran di Kuala Lumpur, dan kelengkapan per 14

tama sistem kewangan secara terusan 'on line' secara 'on line' kepada persekitaran Millenium' tetap adalah satu kaedah yang cekap bagi mem- Tetapi semuanya masih ditahap awal. Sambil biayai projek-projek jangka panjang kami, dan telah dilaksanakan oleh pasukan projek DCRIS sistem-sistem ini berkembang, dan apabila sis- tem-sistem lain dijadikan 'on line', peluang- dengan menggunakan pasaran kumpulan (Sistem Laporan Kos dan Maklumat Hiliran). peluang akan munculbagi mewajarkan proses- sebagai sumber pembiayaan. Kita juga telah proses pentadbiran. Oleh itu, para kakitangan menerokai peraturan-peraturan jualan dan Dari komputer-komputer peribadi di atas yang menggunakan sistem-sistem ini memain- sewa balik persyarikatan yang besar dengan meja mereka, kakitangan di pejabatpejabat kan-peranan yang penting bagi memperbaiki Bank Islam, bagi faedah bersama. kawasan, kawasan-kawasan kerja dan ibu infrastruktur yang menyokong kegiatan- Pada mula tadi saya telah berkata bahawa ter- pejabat kini boleh meninjau taraf kredit kegiatan Shell dan seterusnya memperbaiki dapat tiga unsur pada mana perniagaan kita khidmat kepada pelanggan-pelanggan kita. bersandar: manusia, teknologi dan modal. Asas pelanggan mereka, memproses resit dan yang luas bagi perniagaan Shell, iaitu ketegu- Persaingan adalah sengit, tetapi dengan mengemaskinikan akaun pelanggan. Pada han kewangannya dan keupayaannya masa yang sama, i.nvois-invois , peningkatan teknologi maklumat ini, saya pembekal di- menggunakan teknologi termoden bermakna yakin yang kita sedang MENANG. bahawa Shell boleh mengadakan kakitangan, proses secara'on line' di pejabat-pejabat kawa- Dan pembaharuan dalam bidang mempadukan dan melaksanakan program san, kawasan-kawasan kerja dikilang penapis kewangan juga! pelaburan yang besar tahun demi tahun. Prog- Port Dckson dan di ibu pejabat di Kuala Lum- Pada masa-masa yang lampau, pasaran wang iam pelaburan itu hendaklah mengambil kira Malaysia kurang lebar dan mendalam. Pada Pur' 'Millenium' di mana sistem tahun lalu, telah lahir satu penelitian pinjaman Persekitaran persyarikatan apabila Shell berjaya mengeluar- kan dua siri Nota Perianiian berjumlah 225 juta kewangan '0n line' beroperasi iuga menawar- ringgit. Pasaran kadar tetap telah maju dengan kan kemudahan penghantaran pesanan. FYI pesatnya sejak itu, dari nota tiga tahun kepada nota lima tahun. Bagi Sheil, nota-nota kadar (Untuk Maklumat Anda) kini digunakan de- ngan meluas bagi menggantikan teleks bagi pesanan-pesanan di antara mereka yang sering menggunakan sistem'on line'. Perkenalan semua ini dan lain-lain sistem'on line' yang dirancangkan bagi semua tapak kerja akan membawa perubahan besar kepada kawa- san kerja. Kira-kira 200 orang kakitangan di kawasan-kawasan kerja di seluruh negara, dari Pulau Pinang ke Kota Kinabalu, dihubungkan Kebany-akkan daripada skuktur luar pantai Shell diperbuat oleh syarikat-syarikat Malay_sia. Gambar menunjukkan sebuah jaket ketika hendak dibawa keluar dari kawasan pembikinan di |ohor. 15

keadaan ekonomi semasa di peringkatnasional telah diberikan. Daripada jumlah itu, lebih 83 yang kadang-kadang menerima gas melebihi dan antarabangsa, serta cukup berpelbagai peratus terdiri daripada konhak-konhak yang satu bilion kaki padu sehari menerusi saluran diberikan kepada Syarikat-syarikat Malaysia. paip yang pertama. untuk mengambil kesempatan peluang- Bagi tahun 1988, sehingga bulan Oktober sejumlah 145 konhak berjumlah 496 juta ring$t Sokongan teknik Shellbagi semua fasaprojek peluang baru, ketika dan apabila ia timbul. LNG ini telah juga diteguhkan lagi pada tahun telah diberikan kepada syarikat-syarikat berkenaan apabila perjanjian pengendalian Pada masa yang sama, program tersebut hen- daklah mempunyai asas yang konsisten bagi Malaysia. Lebih dari 75 peratus dari kontrak- MISC dengan Shell Tankers LK Ltd dilanjut- kontrak ini diberikan kepada syarikat-syarikat kan, dan apabila perjanjian perkhidmatan membolehkan sumber-sumber di dalam dan Malaysia dan daripadanya 80 peratus terdiri operasi MLNG dengan Shell telah dilanjutkan luar syarikat digunakan dengan cekap tanpa daripada syarikat-syarikat Bumiputera. Kon- trak-konhak pembikinan lima shuktur luar lu&. terlalu banyak kemuncak dan lompangnya. pantai bernilai sejumlah kira-kira 70 juta ringgit Selama tempoh lima tahun yang lalu, Shell telah diberikan kepada syarikat-syarikat pem- Carigali selaku operator buatan Malaysia dalam tahun 1988. telah melaburkan empat bilion ringgit bagi pro- Baram Delta jek-projek baru di Malaysia, dan kami meng- Di sektor hiliran, hampir kesemua kontrak diberikan kepada syarikat-syarikat Malaysia. 1 Oktober 1988 menandakan satu lagi per- harap untuk melabur hampir dua kali ganda Rancangan sudahpun diatur untuk memak- kembangan baru bagi indushi minyak Malaysia simumkan penglibatan syarikat-syarikat apabila PETRONAS Carigali mengambil alih selama lima tahun yang akan datang. Pelabu- pengendalian medan-medan minyak di Baram ran yang kami rancangkan adalah melebihi Malaysia di dalam projek Shell MDS jika ia ber- Delta daripada Shell. Banyak pelaburan diran- mana-mana pelaburan di masa lalu. jalan seperti yang dijangka, sungguhpun kon- traktor utamanya tidak dapat dielakkan dari cangkan di Baram Delta dalam tempoh be- Malaysia tidak terpencil dari luar negeri. Pasaran dunia berapa tahun yang akan datang, termasuk satu Gabungan manusia, teknologi dan modal skim pengumpulan dan pengekalan gas dan Pelaburan-pelaburan ini tidak boleh dipencil- penggerudian banyak telagatelaga baru untuk kan daripada pergerakan harga-harga minyak. dapat berjalan selancar di dalam situasi mencari simpanan-simpanan baru. Keruntuhan disiplin OPEC dari awal tahun 1988 telah mencondongkan keseimbangan be- usahasama. Dua projek usahasama yang san- Shell akan terus menjadi rakan kongsi 50 kalan-permintaan minyak ke arah pengeluaran gat penting, yang satu berumur sepuluh tahun peratus operasi Baram Delta dan telah diminta berlebihan, membawa kepada penurunan dan yang satu lagi baru, sewajamya disebut. menyediakan sokongan teknik apabila diperfu- kan. Shell menghargai usahasama dengan Cari- harga pada seluruh bulan-bulan lain dalam Larnbaran baru bagi MLNG gali di Baram Delta dan di kawasan-kawasan tahun itu, dengan harga serendah US$10-12 pencarigalian baru Shell. Kami juga berasa setong. Harga purata bagi minyak mentah 1988 merupakan tahun yang bersejarah bagi bangga kerana telah diminta membantu Cari- Malaysia telah turun ke US$16 setong bagi projek usahasama yang sangat penting ini. gali di dalam hal-hal teknik semasa tempoh tahun 1988, berbanding dengan US$18 setong (50% PETRONAS, 5% Kerajaan Sarawak, yang penting di dalam pertumbuhan Carigali dalam tahun 1987. Dengan perjanjian kuota OPEC pada hujungbulan November, harapan- 17.5% Mitsubishi,17,5o/o Shell) yang merupa- sebagai sebuah syarikat minyak sektor huluan. nya kelihatan lebih cerah, tetapi terdapat stok kan indushi eksport yang keenam terbesamya Projek usahasama yang baru ini adalah satu berlebihan pada harga yang rendah pada separuh tahun kedua 1988. Sambilstok ini di- di Malaysia. Tahun berkenaan merupakan lanjutan serta satu kemajuan di dalam hubun- gunakan, harga akan terus mengalami tekanan ulang tahun yang ke sepuluh perjanjian gan kerja kami dengan Carigali. Pada masa yang lalu, sudahpun terdapat 50 orang kakitan- dan keupayaan OPEC untuk mengekalkan usahasama ditandatangani, dan pencapaian gan Carigali bekerja berpasuk-pasukan dengan jumlah penghantaran'tertinggi' di bawah kon- paras pengeluaran kepada kuota-kuota yang trak enam juta tan setahun dengan Tokyo Elec- kakitangan Shell di Baram Delta. Semangat dipersetujui akan diuji. Pertumbuhan tric dan Tokyo Gas. usahasama sudahpun lama wujud. Kecemerlangan teknik dan operasi yang di- keupayaan pengeluaran Malaysia juga men- Interaksi antara modal, teknologi dan manu- percayai serta pelaburan yang tepat, yang ber- gatasi pertumbuhan pengeluaran yang jalan selama lima tahun, telah mengesahkan sia, sama ada di dalam projek usahasama sederhana, daripada 540,000 tong sehari dalam bahawa loji pencairan MLNG di Bintulu ataupun operasi Shell, mestilah dicapai dengan tahun 1988 kepada 563,000 tong sehari yang di- tetapkan oleh Kerajaan bagi tahun 1989. Semua mampu membekalkan jumlah tambahan 1.5 selamat, dan dengan kesan negatif yang pengeluar minyak mengeluarkan minyak ke juta tan LNG setahun kepada para pelanggan. minimum terhadap persekitaran kita. Di sini dalam pasaran dunia yang sama, yang ter- Ini, berserta dengan pasaran LNG yang lebih pun, ketiga-tiga unsur memainkan peranan. dedah kepada pengeluaran berlebihan. Pada optimistik di masa hadapan, di |epun dan tem- jangka pendeknya, program pelaburan Shell pat-tempat lain, membuat Shell memutuskan Kerana, sungguhpun hanya manusia yang adalah sihat berpandukan harga naik-turun untuk membina saluran gas bawah laut yang boleh menjadikan semuanya berjalan dengan yang telah kita lihat, tetapi jika suasana harga kedua sepanjang 125 km dan bergaris pusat 36 selamat, teknologi memang boleh membantu. rendah berlanjutan, dan jika pengekalan harga inci dari CenhalLuconia ke Bintulu menjelang Shell juga bersedia menyediakan wang untuk memerlukan had-had pengeluaran yang ber- Iewat tahun 1990. memastikan operasi yang selamat. lanjutan, masa pelaburan itu dibuat perlulah di- kaji semula. Pelaburan yang besar ini, akan menyokong Mutu pekerjaan di dalam bidang ini diper- sepenuhnya jualan tambahan oleh MLNG, lihatkan dengan jelas daripada pencapaian Lebih 75 peratus kontrak sektor cemerlang yang dicapai dalam operasi kita di huluan diberikan kepada syarikat- seluruh Malaysia. Hakikat ini diiktiraf oleh syarikat Malaysia banyak organisasi yang telah meminta Shell Sejak tahun 1983, sejumlah 1,270 kontrak membanfu dengan menyumbangkan tenaga rktor huluan bernilai kira-kira 2.1 bilion ringgit ,l6

penceramah bagi seminar-seminar dan kursus- dan kontraktornya lebih setahun tanpa kecede- kakitangan jualan dan pentadbiran kita, yang kursus latihan di seluruh negara dan di luar ne- raan yang merugikan masa. juga memandu purata tiga juta kilometer seta- geri. Pencapaian-pencapaian ini telah diperolehi hun menjalankan tugas syarikat, telah Kegiatan-kegiatan yang dijalankan bagi dengan adanya kesedaran yang lebih terhadap mengekalkan rekod tanpa kemalangan. memperbaiki alam sekitar termasuklah menja- keselamatan semasa bekerja oleh para kakitan- Kita tidak boleh benar-benar berbangga de- lani kajian-kajian penyelidikan dengan univer- gan, yang dibantu oleh usaha yang meluas yang dijalankan terhadap mengenalpasti dan ngan rekod keselamatan sehingga kita men- siti-universiti tempatan untuk meningkatkan capai matlamat tidak ada kemalangan. Ini pengetahuan kita tentang sensitiviti persekita- membetulkan kegiatan-kegiatan yang tidak hanya akan tercapai jika kita menggunakan selamat di tempat pekerjaan. Berbagai usaha kaedah pemanduan defensif yang terbaik. Kur- ran dan menjalani taksiran-taksiran kesan sus-kursus pemanduan defensif telah dijalan- juga telah dijalankan bagi meningkatkan mutu kan bagi kira-kira 736 kakitangan syarikat dan terhadap alam sekitar. keselamatan kakitangan kontraktor kita melalui kontraktor, terutamanya pemandu-pemandu lori tangki. Selain daripada itu, kempen-kem- Banyak rekod keselamatan kursus-kursus latihan, seperti Konvensyen Keselamatan Konhaktor yang telah dihadiri pen kesedaran bagi menggalakkan tabiat Syarikat-syarikat sektor huluan telah men- capai lebih daripada lima juta jam bekerja tanpa oleh lebih daripada 100 kontraktor pemasaran memandu dengan selamat telah pun dijalankan sebarang kecederaan. Kadar kekerapan kecede- di sektor-sektor huluan dan hiliran, dan buku- raan bersama bagi Sarawak Shell, Sabah Shell Shell dari seluruh Malaysia. Pembukaan buku panduan keselamatan semasa memandu telahpun diterbiikan bagi kakitangan syarikat dan kontraktor-kontraktornya adalah jauh Sekolah Latihan Keselamatan di Miri memberi dan kepada orang ramai menerusi stesen-ste- lebih baik daripada kadar purata industri peluang bagi latihan kontraktor, yang sebelum sen minyak. minyak seluruh dunia. Salah satu daripada ini belum pernah terdapat di Malaysia. kontraktor pembinaan kita telah setakat ini Shell dan para kakitangan adalah sebahagian mencapai empat juta jam bekerja tanpa |alan raya masih tempat yang paling merbahaya daripada masyarakat Malavsia. Kita sentiasa sebarang kecederaan yang merugikan masa. berhubung dengan masyarakat, menerusi Rekodnya tidaklah rata-rata baik. Dalam bulan Keseiamatan jalan raya di keseluruh operasi operasi kita, barangan kita, stesen-stesen kita, Disember, satu kemalangan tragik di atas kapal kita terus menerima perhatian khas. Dari segi kenderaan-kenderaan kita di jalan raya, di tele- kontrak pengendali sauh telah menyebabkan visyen, dan sebagai rakyat biasa bersama-sama kematian seorang pekerja laut. statistik, tempaltempat yang lebih dengan jiran tetangga kita. Bagi mengiktiraf peranan kakitangan sebagai individu, kami Syarikat-syarikat Shell di Malaysia yang lain memungkinkan sesuatu kemalangan berlaku telah juga mencapai matlamat keselamatan ialah di rumah kita, di jalan raya, ataupun di baru sahaja melancarkan Skim Khidmat yang berkesan, dengan Shell Refining Com- padang permainan berbanding dengan semasa pany mencapai lebih setahun tanpa kecede- bekerja. Potensi bagi sesuatu kemalangan yang Masyarakat Shell. Skim ini membolehkan raan; syarikat-syarikat pemasaran telah men- serius berlaku ialah di jalan raya. Pada tahun capai lebih dari dua jam tanpa kemalangan ini, bilangan kematian di jalan raya yang berkait kakitangan perseorangan menaja kegiatan ydng merugikan masa, sementara kontraktor- dengan operasi kita telah jatuh dari dua belas ke kemasyarakatan yang mereka terlibat, dengan kontraktornya mencapai lebih dari tiga juta jam lima; untuk meletakkan ini dalam konteks sebe- menggunakan derma dari syarikat. Ini adalah bekerja sebelum kemalangan yang merugikan nar, jumlah kematian akibat kemalangan jalan satu pengiktirafan bahawa sumbangan yang masa berlaku. Rekod bagi syarikat-syarikat raya di Malaysia ialah tujuh kematian dalam terbesar yang boleh kita berikan kepada usahasama juga baik dengan kakitangan sehari. Loji barangan berbungkus dan pukal masyarakat ialah penglibatan giat dan minat MLNG mencapai lebih empat juta jam bekerja kita memandu kira-kira 60 juta kiiometer seta- kita sendiri; sungguhpun sedikii, sokongan kewangan tentunya dapat menolong. ,ffiw hun menghantar barangan, jadi risikonya adalah besar. Saya berasa sukacita yang Tiga puluh.satu tahun Pertandingan Pendidikan Lalu Lintas Shell ,.,.irt Di berbagai bidang, komitmen yang berteru- Pertandingan Pemandu Terbaik diadakan setiap tahun bagi menggalakkan amalan san adalah penting dan dalam bulan November memandu dengan selamat di kalangan pemandu lori tangki Shell. telah berlangsung Pertandingan Permainan 17 Lalu Lintas Shell Peringkat Kebangsaan tiga tahun sekali. Pertandingan ini merupakan kali ketiga ia dijalankan. Acara ini kini mempunyai nama baru, iaitu Pertandingan Pendidikan Lalu Lintas Shell. Ia telah dijadikan salah satu kegiatan Majlis Keselamatan falan Raya Malaysia. Shell telah memperkenalkan permainan ter- sebut pada tahun 1957bertujuan menyemaikan kesedaran keselamatan jalan raya di kalangan

muda-mudi. Sejak itu, 14 gelanggang tetap per- swasta. Perbelanjaan terhadap biasiswa setiap jaan yang diterangkan menggambarkan ham- mainan lalu lintas telah dibina di bandar-ban- tahun telah meningkat dari setahun ke seta- pir keseluruhan operasi Shell. Cabungan dar besar di seluruh negara. Pertandingan hun. Daripada 723 rlbu ringgit dalam tahun 7973, ia telah berkembang ke jumlah 2.9 luta modal dan teknologi, yang dipadukan dengan peringkat tempatan sentiasa dilalankan di ringgit dalam tahun 1988. setiap negeri dengan penglibatan Majlis-majlis usaha setiap manusia yang terdapat di Keselamatan Jalan Raya negeri, polis, majlis- Pada masa ini, kita mempunyai sebilangan majlis perbandaran, jabatan penerangan dan keseluruhan organisasi Shell merupakan satu badan-badan seperti polis kadet, pengakap, 112 pemegang biasiswa di institusi-institusi tema yang berulang setiap tahun. Tidak dapat pandu puteri dan Persatuan Bulan Sabit Merah. pengajian tinggi, di mana 47 orang sedang Sebanyak 39 pertandingan telah dijalankan dipertikaikan bahawa faktor kemanusiaan dalam tahun 1988, melibatkan seramai 16,000 menuntut di luar negeri dan 65 di universiti- universiti tempatan. Selain daripada itu, kita adalah faktor yang terpenting dari ketigatiga orang pelajar. juga memberikan dermasiswa kepada para pelajar sekolah menengah di seluruh negara. unsur yang tersebut dan saya ingin mengucap- Pusat Sivik dan kegiatan sivik kan terlma kasih kepada setiap orang kakitan- 221 dermasiswa telah diberikan pada tahun gan di atas peranan yang telah mereka mainkan 1988. dalam tahun 1988. Dewan Suarah Miri, yang telah menerima Sungguhpun tidak mungkin saya dapat (Bawah): Pembinaan pejabat baru Shell di meninjau setrap segi operasi kita, pola peker- Lutong melambangkan komitmen jangka sumbangan Shell berjumlah 3 juta ringgit telah panjang Shell di Malaysia. dirasmikan pembukaannya pada 20 Jun tahun ini. Pusat sivik yang baru ini ialah satu cara She1l mengucapkan terima kasih kepada masyarakat di Mid yang telah lama berkait rapat dengan kita. Program Kebudayaan Shell yang dijalankan semasa waktu rehat makan tengahari setiap bulan, yang diperkenalkan pada bulan Apnl, 1986, kini menjadr sebahagian dartpada acara terkenal di dalam kalendar kebudayaan Kuala Lumpur, Program-ptogram ini telah memapar- kan drama, tarian,' muzik, seni lukis dan ceramah mengenai alam sekitar, batu permata dan luga fung shui. Program biasiswa persendirian i Yang terbesar c ..@Li,. Shell mungkin mempunyai plogram pembe- -tu rd rian biasiswa vang terbesar di kalangan sektor -* . -,=a1at:i--3\"-,*:::.#, { I jlji Shell - maju bersama Malaysia. 18

Production Chemistry Department: The Chemical Connection for money in terms of their dehydration perfor- mance. In addition, regular evaluations are car- ried out on new demulsifiers in a continuous quest to find one that can give better perfor- mance and lower costs. At this point, it is perhaps noteworthy to mention that, unlike the practice of some other oil companies in this region, SSB/SSPC carries out onshore processing, as opposed to offshore processing. This practice has two advantages over offshore dehydration. Firstly, onshore dehydration is economical in terms of the size and costs of offshore installa- tions: with offshore processing, the capacity and size of the offshore handling platforms would need to be larger to accommodate the ad- ditional installations necessary for processing. Secondly, onshore dehydration lowers the environmental impact of oil and gas processing: in offshore processing, the separated water is discharged to the sea via a treatment system. Because of certain constraints, processing of oil and water is not optimaland this results in poor water quality, that is, there is a high oilcontent in the discharged water, exceeding the accepted limits of 100 milligrammes of oil per litre of Senior Production Chemist Wim van Beest - 30 years' experience in Shell. water. tion of a well, preparing it for production. duction Chemistry department. A secondary but nonetheless vital area of re- sponsibility of the Production Chemishy de- r prevention of formation (body of rock Normally, after a period of settling, a part of partment is to provide an efficient support ser- the water will be separated from the crude oil. around the well or borehole) impairment for The remainder, comprising miniscule droplets -vice carrying out research and analysis, pro- the maintenance and welfare of the well. of water, is present as an emulsion (water in oil) r well stimulation for optimum oil recovery. or as vapour or mist, in gas. The separation pro- viding advice and recommendation in allchem- When the oil and gas are eventually pro- -icafrelated matters to other departments in the company's operations. duced, the Production Chemistry department cess must be carried out to a further stage. Within the fold of this secondary responsibil- sees to a very important role in the piocessing A demulsifier is added to the crude oilemul- ity is included laboratory and field research in stage of these hydrocarbon fluids before they sion. It acts by destabilizing the emulsion such monitoring environmental hazards. In this re- reach their respective destinations at the oil re- that subsequent coalescence enables the minute spect, the department works closely with the \\ finery or gas plant: dehydration. water droplets to grow into bigger drops. The Safety department in the company's enhanced The produced crude oil and gas are mixed iemaining water can then be separated from the safety programme. with water. Dehydration is the process of crude oilmore easily. In short, it is evident that the activities of the separating water from the hydrocarbon fluids. Gas, on the other hand, is dehydrated by Production Chemistry department, in :spective Drawing an example from oil, the degree of 'scrubbing'it with the chemical, glycol(a water of whether they are directly or indirectly related dehydration determines the final quality of absorber), in a contactor tower. crude oil that willmeet export specification. to production, are concentric to the core of On its part, the Production Chemistry de- Shell's commitment towards quality and safety -The aim is to achieve the flstesfand most com- partment regularly conducts specification tests of its business, its employees and the envi- plete degree of dehydration. This demands ef- and analysis of demulsifiers and glycol, to en- ronment. fective chemicaltreatment advice from the Pro- sure that they produce good quality and value BERITA SHETL fanuary 1989 21

MALAYSIA 'Shell Servis'. They also reviewed was launched at the Shell House standing (MOU) with the Pet' the performance of their respec- Success for Malaysia's first tive station since'Shell Servis' was on 21 November 1988. roleum Authority of Thailand launched. horizontal well Dr. Mark Moody-Stuart, chair- (PTI) for the provisional arrange- SSPC donates van to the hand- man and chief executive of Shell SARAWAK Shell Bhd./Sabah icapped ments on the sale of Sirikit LPG. Shell Petroleum Company Ltd. Companies in Malaysia, congratu- (SSB/SSPC) successfully drilled its SABAH Shell Petroleum Com- Thai Shell will award the con- lated the staff on their speedy struction conhacts for an LPG first horizontal well in the Erb pany Ltd. (SSPC) recently do- -evacuation six minutes and 19 plant costing about US$24 million. West field, about 180 km offshore nated a pick-up van to Keningau Financed by the joint-venture Thai Labuan Island. Handicapped Association. seconds, the time normally taken Shell/PTTEP (75:25 respectively), The success heralds a new, ex- The van, costing 42,000 ringgit, to evacuate an 11-storey building. the project will be completed in 13 is custom-fitted to meet the associ- citing chapter in Shell's drilling ation's needs. Programmes for the Safety months. Thai Shell plans to com- mission the LPG plant in 1990. operations in Malaysia. Besides transporting its mem- Week included a poster-exhibition The feasibility study conducted bers, the van willbe used to de- The Sirikit LPG plant will com- on safety, a demonstration on prise an LPG separation facility, in February 1988 indicated that liver the rattan goods made by the iwo spheres at 750 tons each for association. safetytesting equipmenh and the storing LPG and loading facilities' horizontal wells are ideal for fields best-driver-of-the-year competi- SSB/SSPC's Managing Director tion in which t4 Shelldrivers com- with relatively thin oil columns Datuk Chris Knight and Head of peted for the coveted award. such as those in the Erb West field. General Affairs fames Ting at- Maritime delegates visit Shell SINGAPORE + A horizontal well has a four-fold refinery tended the presentation cere- Singapote's pehochemical potential increase in production, TWENTYthree maritime train- mony. ing delegates from 14 nations were complex compared with a conventional taken on a familiarisation tour of SSB's first'unmanned com- Shell Refining Company (SRC) on SHELL Internation4l Chemical we1l. 16 November 1988. pression station Company has agreed, in princi- Malaysia's first horizontal well The visitors were briefed on ple, with the Ministry of Finance, was completed on 5 October 1988, SARAWAK Shell Berhad (SSB) SRC's history, marine matters and Temasek Holdings and the De- Shell's fire prevention and safety -in 56 days 10 days ahead of has recently installed Temana velopment Bank of Singapore Compression Platform-A (TEK- measures. (Singapore parties) to acquire, schedule. A), the first unmanned compres- The delegates were attending a With this success, we can now through the Royal Dutch/Shell sion station. training programme in marine af- confidently plan similar horizon- fairs held at the National Institute Group, 30% of the issued equity in tal wells for future Erb West pro- TEK-A is connected by a 100- two of the five companies which jects. of Public Administration foot bridge to the existing Temana comprise the Singapore's pet- One accident-free year for Production Platform-A (TEP-A). (TNTAN). SEAREX III rochemical complex. A superstructure comprising WORLDWIDE SEAREX III, a drilling rig under Relocation of dishibution in- tender, has completed one year four piles and two decks, TEK-Ais THAILAND without a lost-time accident on equipped with gas collection, gas stallation Thai Shell's safety miles' November 12. compression, gas dehydration, tone SHELL Singapore will be re- locating its distribution installa- An increasing number of con- gas-lift distribution, power gener- ON 19 September 1988, Thai tion at Woodlands South in two ation and utility facilities. hactors for Sarawak Shell Berhad/ Shell Exploration and Production years' time. The new site will be Sabah Shell Petroleum Company TEK-A compresses low-pres- achieved a significant safety miles- on the south-west coast of Singa- sure gas at approximately 40 psig tone. Ltd. (SSB/SSPC) are achieving Pore. from TEP-A to 750 psig for gas-lift- Thai Shell has been working for favourable safety records. ing wells on the existing Temana 4 years without any lost-time acci- The S$93 million installationwill Drilling Platform-A and E (TEDP- dent. This is equivalent to over 3 be built on a 6-hectare land at Pan- 'Shell Servis'update for deal- million manhours. dan Road, furong. It is expected to A & E) and future satellite plat be ready by mid-1990. ers The success reflects remarkable forms. effort by the staff and a high de- The installation will be highly DEALERS and mechanics from gree of safety awareness in carry- automated, with the latest system 35 petrol stations attended a work- The use of gas-lift will boost oil ing out their work. for depot administration and op- production fiom the presently de- shop on 'Shell Servis' held in pleting wells. This is an achievement which eration. Thai Shell staff and the Company The move to Pandan is desirable Kuala Lumpur on October 18 and The TEK-A gas-lift compressor are proud of. 19. platform was designed to receive from both the economic and logis- 15 MMSCFD gas (maximum). It tic point of view. As the new in- The participants were from pet- stallation is in the lurong indust- rol stations under the jurisdiction can compress and deliver 14 of Area Office Central (MKAC). rial area, it is, therefore, better MMSCFD for gas-lift while it con- MKAC Area Manager C.Y. Loo sumes 1 MMSCFD of gas for fuel. situated to serve its industrial cus- stressed the importance for par- tomers. ticipating stations to strictly follow Safety week begins with a fire the procedures and the package drill Thai Shell/PTT accord on LPG Aushalia offered by'Shell Servis'. sales agreement Shell upgrades Geelong's re' A fire drill marked the begin- finery Participants discussed the ob- ning of the Safety Week which ON November 1988, Thai Shell signed a Memorandum of Under- PLANNING for the construc- jectives and rationale behind 22 BERITA SHEtt JanuarY 1989

tion of a new catcracker and other mined to restore stability to the NEW ZEALAND field near The Hague. facilities at Shell's Geelong refin- world oil market. Necessiry mea- ery has progressed following a de- sures will be taken to strengthen Shell supports the use of un- The field came into production cision to undertake a A$19-million the oilprice structure so that the leaded gasoline in the 1950s and has produced some 47 million banels of oil. engineering study. OPEC reference price of US$18ibbl NAM has allocated 40 million itGeelong needs to maintain its willbe achieved. A new concept of branding un- guiders ($22 million) to restore, to coslcompetitiveness as com- The total OPEC production for leaded fuel in New Zealand was their original state, locations such ofpetes with overseas refineries for exports into the Pacific. the first half of 1989 is set at a ceil- introduced when Shell Oil New as Marlot, Meijendel, Mariahoeve Zealand Limited launched Ultra and Loolaan. ing 18.5 mb/d, distributed The de-regulation of the Austra- among member countries. Unleaded on 5 September 1988. lian crude oil market meant that A Ministerial Monitoring Com- Although unleaded fuel does MOTORSPORT import of finished products are mittee was formed to monitor the not represent a high percentage of now more feasible. price evolution and to ensure the automatic fuel sales, the company Formula One Grand Prix The cost of the investment prog- stability of the world oil market. believes that there will be very sig- nificant growth for unleaded fuel ON 28 August 1988, Ayrton ramme is approximately A$450 The Committee will see that over the next few years. -Senna in his Shell-sponsored million. member countries strictly adhere The demand for unleaded fuel Marlboro Mclaren Honda MP4/4 SWEDEN to the stipulated production levels willincrease due to a combination and correct any violation to the OPAB, Shell and Statoil to OPEC agreement. of factors such as future car de- - won the Belgian Formula One explore for oil in the Baltic signs, public concern over the en- OMAN vironment and the government's Grand Prix. Team-mate Alain Prost came second. call for all fuels to be unleaded by The Belgian Grand Prix has seen THE Swedish Government has Petroleum Development 1990. the first titles of the Formula One granted a joint-concession to 01- Oman Shell has been in the forefront of season. With only 11 of the 16 jeprospektering AB (OPAB), Shell introducing branded unleaded races completed, Mclaren have and Statoil to explore oil and gas in PETROLEUM Development gasoline in countries throughout won the wofld conshuctors title the Swedish part of the south Bal- Oman (PDO) started the year with the world. for the 4th time, with a record of tic. a staggering 4,075 billion barrels of The benefits for using unleaded 147 points. The area under concession is ap- -oil reserves a record-breaking fi- fuel include cleaner engines and a Since the constructors titles proximately 10,000 square gure! longer life-span for spark plugs began in 1958, Shell-sponsored kilometres. The concession covers As Oman celebrates its 18th Na- and other engine components. teams have won 8 constructors ti- a period of three years. tionalDay, its largest oil company -There is a growing number of tles more than any other oil Initial work will comprise pro- remains resilient in these time of cars designed to use unleaded company and equalto Ferrari's re- cessing existing seismic data and uncertain oil prices. fuel. Shell Oil New Zealand will cord 8 titles. 1 obtaining new data. The main aim is to determine if there are any oil Production is steady with ex- launch an extensive campaign to This result has also meant a ports averaging more than 500,000 create public awareness of un- Mclaren driver is certain to win and gas structures worth drilling. barrels a day. Meanwhile, re- leaded fuel. This willalso include the titles, giving Shell an unpre- The concession is automatically serves are still above the four bill- a Shell Ultra Answer-Phone ser- cedented 15th. World Champion extended up to five years, pro- ion barrel mark, thanks to new vice to provide information which driver since Formula One began in vided OPAB, Shelland Statoil un- discoveries and re-evaluation of is needed to help the public make 1950. dertake the drilling. existing fields. the change. Meanwhile, in Portugal, Alain Exploration work will be carried New oilfields have been disco- Prost also won the Portuguese out with Shell and Statoil operat- ing in different parts of the area. vered in South Oman at Reihan CONGO Grand Prix in his Shell-sponsored Marlboro Mclaren Honda MP4/4 and Zumurrud and in the north at OPAB has the option to be the operator in the event of a produc- -Burhaan East. Significant field ex- Congo exploration agree- on 25 September 1988. Aryton tensions have been made at ment Senna came sixth. tion phase later on. Thamoud, Ihsan, Al-Burj and On 30 October 1988, Ayrton AUSTRIA Sadad (a11in South Oman). ANagreement to explore Congo's Senna won the Japanese Grand Exploration has begun in PDO's onshore Kayes A block has been Prix, thus making him the 1988 84th Meeting of the OPEC Con- latest concession areas in Dhofar signed by Shell Congo (20%), World Champion. ference and three off-shore blocks off Amoco (20%)and Chevron (60%, And, on 13 November 1988, South Oman. Alain Prost won the Aushalian operator). In Central Oman, the commis- The 1,180 square kilometres Grand Prix while team-mate Ayr- THE 84th Meeting of the Con- sioning of the Bahja gathering sta- concession lies along the coast ad- ton Senna came second. \\ ierence of the Organisation of the tion resulted in further develop- jacent to the border with Gabon. The Mclaren cars uses Shell Petroleum Exporting Countries ments in the area. lubricants and a specially-blended (OPEC) was held in Vienna, Au- Demand for gas is rising in NETHERLANDS unleaded fuel containing the sria from 21 to 28 November 1988. Oman. PDO is now in the final Spark Aider ingredient, The Conference expressed con- stages of a project to boost the NAM abandons Wassenaar cem over deteriorating world oil prices, partly caused by over-pro- -capacity of the gasline from Field -Yibal gasfields to the coast to duction of oilby some OPEC and NEDERLANDSE Aardolie meet next year's peak summer Maatschappij (NAM, 50% Shell) non-OPEC members. electricity demand. Members of OPEC and non- OPEC oil producers are deter- has abandoned its Wassenaar oil BERITA SHELL January 1989 23

Pembina Selalunya, pejabat kawasan akan memula- kan segalanya dengan mengenalpasti keper- stesen luan sesebuah depoh, instalasi dan stesen pen- mla gisian minyak atau servis. Bagidepoh dan in- stalasi, jabatan Pengedaran Pemasaran (MKOD) akan menyediakan kelulusan kertas justifikasi dan, jika projek itu kompleks dari segi teknik, MKOE mungkin membantu menyediakan kajian kejayaan. Untuk tunjuan kajian ini, kadangkala seorang jurutera projek akan dihantar untuk melakukan penilaian 1an- jutan mengenai tapak dan kaedah pembinaan. Orang yang biasanya menjalankan tugas ini ialah Syed Khairi, yang periu seierusnya ber- depoh ganding rapat dengan jurutera-jurutera rekaan Daud Abdul. Maiid dan Nizer - untuk menyediakan pelan-pelan awal kejuruteraan dan senibina berasaskan kos-kos projek yang diluiuskan. Bagi pembinaan stesen servis, setelah tapak dikenalpasti oleh pejabat kawasan dan kemungkinan kejayaan projek tersebut diper- Di mana-mana sahaja di Malaysia, terdapat stesen -setujui, jurutera rekaan di MKRE biasanya minyak dan depoh Shell. Tetapi, tidak ramai yang tahu -Mohd Rafie akan melawat tapak bagi menen- siapa yang merancang dan menyelaraskannya. tukan susun aiur dan rekabentuk stesen berse- suaian dengan belanyawan yang ditetapkan. Beliau seterusnya akan bekerja rapat dengan pelukis pelan mengenai lukisan-lukisan per- ari hujung barat laut Semenan- raan Projek, yang ketika ini ketuai oleh Syed mulaan, memastikan yang ia selaras dengan jung ke sudut vang paling Kadir Alhabshi, bertanggungjawab bagi depoh konsep rekabentuk. hujung tenggara negeri Sabah, dan instalasi, sementara yang lagi satu, di Setelah lukisan-lukisan permulaan dise- terdapat tidak kurang daripada diakan, ia akan dihantarkan ke pejabat kawa- bawah kelolaan Alex Thomas, menjaga stesen- san untuk dipertimbangkan. Semasa ini, besar dua puluh lima instalasi dan depoh yang mem- stesen minyak. Secara kebetulan, bertepatan pamerkan lambang Shell. Tiga daripada titik- dengan susunan pengaliran barangan, pejabat kemungkinan anda akan terdengar Daud dan titik pembekalan inijuga mempamerkan lam- MKOE terletak di tingkat enam dan MKRE di rakan-rakannya bercakap tentang hal-hal tek- bang titisan minyak yang kini dikenali ramai, tingkat lima Bangunan Shell Malaysia. Marilah nik, seperti kesan pengaliran bendalir menerusi kerana dimiliki bersama dengan PETRONAS. kita lihat apa yang dilakukan oleh jabatan-jaba- sejenis paip dan kadar perkembangan gas ber- tan ini. kait dengan suhu. Rafie dan pasukan rekaan- Kemudahan-kemudahan ini menelan belanja berjuta-juta ringgit untuk dibina dan menggunakan peralatan termoden. Pada sesuatu ketika, ia mengandungi barangan- barangan petroleum bernilai berjuta-juta ringgit bagi memenuhi permintaan pasaran. Setelah itu, terdapat pula lebih daripada enam ratus buah stesen pengisian minyak dan stesen servis yang turut mempamerkan lam- bang Shell. Ini juga menelan belanja berjuta- juta dnggit untuk dibina dan pada sesuatu ketika mengandungi barangan-barangan pet- roleum yang bernilai berjuta-juta ringgit, yang disumberkan dari titik-titik pembekalan yang disebut di atas, serta mengandungi barangan- barangan yang berasaskan petroleum untuk memenuhi keperluan para pemandu kereta. Siapakah yang membina dan menyenggara struktur-struktur ini? fawapannya ialah bahagian Kejuruteraan Pemasaran Shell. Nyatalah yang kerja merekabentuk, mem- bina dan menyenggara struktur-struktur ini melibatkan tugas yang berat, kerana itulah fungsi kejuruteraan dibahagikan kepada dua jabatan : Kejuruteraan Projek (MKOE) dan KejuruteraanPeruncitan(MKRE). Kejurute- Siapakah yang membina dan menyenggara stesen ini? 24 BERITA SHELL )anuary 1989

nya pula mungkin akan membincangkan Kakitangan MKRE berada di tapak, menyeliakan pembinaan. ]urutera Proiek Dennis Barnabas (kanan) dan Penyelia Kejuruteraan Sulaiman Abu Bakar. bagaimana membuat 'form follow function'. Tanggungjawab merekalah mengkaji semua pembinaan itu berjalan. Sebaik sahaja siap diruntuhkan di Sungai Way dan perlu diganti- faktor supaya berkesan dari segi kos. \"Masanva semua tugas, mereka perlu mengesahkan yang kan dengan loji pengisian LPG. Sebuah semuanya teratur sebelum kemudahan terse- telah berlalu,\" kata Daud, \"di mana anda cuma kemudahan bitumen perlu dibina di Kuching, masukkan satu alat yang akan menjalankan -but diserahkan kepada operator akhir dan berbagai peningkatan perlu dilakukan kepada sistem keselamatan beberapa buah tugas yang diharapkan daripadanya. Ia mesti pejabat kawasan bagi depoh dan peniaga bagi berupava melakukan apa yang sepatutnva di- stesen minyak. depoh dan instalasi. Ini cuma beberapa contoh lakukannya, tidak lebih dan tidak kurang Tetapi, jika difikirkan, tugas yang dijalankan sahaja, Mungkin, hasil kerja mereka yang pa- daripada itu.\" tiada akhirnya, kerana jurutera penyenggaraan perlu memastikan yang semua kemudahan di- ling berkesan ialah pembinaan instalasi di Semua sistem rekaan mestilah sejajar dengan jaga dengan wajar. \"Kami percaya penuh yang Teluk Sapangar berhampiran dengan Kota mencegah itu lebih baik daripada mengubati,\" undang-undang kecil pihak berkuasa tempatan kata Edwin Chia, seorang jurutera penyeng- Kinabalu. Selain daripada saiznya yang begitu gara di MKOE. Edwin juga membuat lawatan dan setanding dengan mutu Shell sendiri, de- besar, ia adalah juga instalasi yang pertama ngan memberikan penekanan khas terhadap pemeriksaan dari semasa ke semasa dan sepertinya di Asia Tenggara yang melaksana- pemeliharaan alam sekitar. Ia juga mesti cukup mengesyorkan tindakan-tindakan pembetulan kan sistem tangki simpanan tertimbus bagi gas selamat supaya menvumbang lagi terhadap apabila perlu. Bagi stesen-stesen minyak, peholeum cecair (LPG). Pada asasnya, sistem keselamatan. Satu contoh yang kecil ialah arah penyenggaraan dikendalikan oleh Dennis ini melibatkan penyediaan bukit-bukit buatan pancutan cecair dariinjap yang bocor. Mestilah ataupun Sulaiman. Sambil mereka melayani permintaan mendapatkan bantuan, mereka manusia untuk menyembunyikan bekas-bekas dipastikan yang pancutan itu tidak akan simpanan keluli berbentuk silinder, yang ber- terkena seseorang dan mencederanva. juga terpaksa melayan aduan jika alat-alat lam- garis pusat enam meter dan panjang 40 meter Sebenarnya, kemungkinan injap terbocor tidak bat sampai atau tidak sampai langsung. timbul sama sekali kerana sentiasa disenggara Namun begitu, mereka tetap menyahut setiap satu. Konsepnya kelihatan mudah dengan rapi, Perhatian khas juga diberikan sahaja, tetapi perlaksanaannya rumit, dan segala permintaan dan tidak keberatan kepada keselesaan juruteknik, misalnva perlu dilakukan dengan sempurna. melayani sebarang permintaan, walaupun di Selain daripada para jurutera dan pelukis semasa ia memasang atau memadam suis. luar jagaan mereka sendiri. Misalnya, Nizer juga kini membantu merekabentuk dan mem- pelan, lain-lain kakitangan di fungsi Kejurute- Bercakap tentang hal ini, teringat sava raan Pemasaran tidak juga kurang pentingnya. bina rumah-rumah berkembar bagi para kepada sejenis alat teknologi tinggi yang di- Mereka membantu memastikan tugas-tugas di gunakan bagi merekabentuk stesen minvak. Ia kakitangan di Kota Kinabalu. Nizer sebenarnya terlibat di dalam merekabentuk depoh dan in- jabatan meteka berjalan dengan lancar. sejenis perisian dan perkakasan keluaran Hew- Merekalah yang memberikan sokongan pen- stalasi dan bukan rumah kediaman. tadbiran. Mereka menyimpan rekod-rekod lett Packard yang tiga tahun dulu berharga Melihat daripada bilangan dan jenis projek harta dan membantu mengawasi kelancaran hampir $150,000. Dihubungkan kepada alat segala projek. Jamel ialah orang yang paling yang dijalankan oleh mereka ketika ini, jurut- pemplot vang dikeluarkan oleh syarikat pem- era-jurutera ini memang satu kumpulan yang penting di MKOE. Rakan sejawatnya di tingkat lima ialah AbdulMalik. buai yang sama, pakej ini mempercepatkan sangat sibuk, Mereka terlibat di dalam pening- tugas melukis pelan. Ia berupaya melukis Bersama-sama, mereka menjadikan Shell perspektif dari titik memandang yang tidak katan gudang Tiram Kimia di Pelabuhan Klang. -Malaysia kukuh sekukuh jambatan buatan terhad, di dalam sembilan warna dan memakan Kemudian terdapat pula tangki-tangki yang perlu dibina di Ipoh, dan ada pula yang perlu besi dan bata. Tiada siapa pun yang inginkan masa hanya beberapa saat! Hanya mereka yang pernah mencuba melukis perspektif akan dapat Ijambatan itu runtuh dan hancur berderai. menilai ciri-ciri yang menakjubkan ini. Mungkin satu perbandingan vang sama hebat ialah sejenis mesin yang boleh membaca lejar seluruh syarikat Shell di Malavsia, dan menyediakan kunci kira-kira dalam cuma setengah jam. Setelah semua lukisan kerja dan terperinci siap, spesifikasi pun diientukan dan tender di- pelawa, Ini satu lagi proses yang berat. Kakitan- gan seperti Syed Khairi dan Dennis Barnabas, jurutera projek di MKRE, mesti tahu dengan rapi segala maklumat yang berkaitan dengan semua jenis dan spesifikasi bahan-bahan khas. Sernua tender yang diterima dinilaikan de- ngan teliti sebelum kontrak pembinaan di- sediakan dengan bantuan jabatan undang-un- dang bagi memastikan yang semua keperluan undang-undang dipatuhi dan tidak berat sebelah. Setelah itu barulah tender diberikan. Tugasnya belum lagi tamat. Sebaik sahaja kerja dimulakan, para jurutera berada di bari- san hadapan lagi, mengawasi dan menyelia berbagai kegiatan untuk memastikan yang setiap satu akan siap mengikut jangkamasa dan kos yang ditetapkan. Mereka harus berada di tapak hampir selama separuh masa projek BERITA SHEtt |anuary 1989 25

GULA Ada sejenis gula yangdapat dihasilkan Gula apong (warna emas) dijual di pasar Kuching. dari kawasan paya. Tetapi menghasilkannya adalah tugas yang berat. Tidak ramai yang sanggup berkorban mendapatkannya. i darat seronok berjalan kaki, di Apabila musimnya tiba, PakJemali datangke punyai seekar 'ladang' nipah dan dapat laut seronok berkolek. Di pava, payi ini untuk membuat gula apong. Gula ini mendapat sambutan baik daripada kalangan memungut 300 tabung air nira sehari. Pokok- di antara laut yang bergelom- pembuat kuih, pembuat tuak dan penyuling pokok nipah yang tumbuh subur di kawasan bang dengan darat pula ialah arak di Sarawak. Gula apong pernah diSunakan tempat mencari rezeki sesetengah orang di sebagai ganti gula pasir pada zaman pendudu- paya mempunyai bunga yang keluar daripada celah-celah pelepah daunnya dan daripada Sarawak. kan Jepun. tangkai bunga mudanya inilah nira diperolehi, kemudian dimasak selama tiga ke empat jam' Di antara liku-liku dan ceruk hutan bakau Kini,gulaapong dijualdalam bungkusan berhampiran muara sungai, tibatiba si seiengah paun di pekan. Suri rumah mem- Tukang sadap akan pergi menyadap ke pengembara terlihat kepulan asap nipis yang belinya untuk membuat kuih asli; boleh di- 'ladang'nya pada awal tahun, iaitu musim datang daripada celah-celah tabir hijau pohoh- gunakan sebagai ganti gula melaka di Malaysia nipah berbunga. Mula-mula kulit iangkai Barat. Gula inibiasanya berwarna merah dan pohon apong yang hidup subur di perlemba- han berlumpur itu. dijual secara runcit mengikut gred; yang nom- bor satu berwarna agak keputih-putihan dan Anehnya, tiada kampung atau tempat per- biasanya dibeli secara borong oleh para penyul- kelahan yang kelihatan di situ. Tempat apa ini? ing arak. \"Gtlla,\" kata pemandu bot. \"Encik nak \"silakan minum!\" pelawa Pak Jemali sambil lihat?\" mengambil sebatang tabung buluhnya. Ini telah menjadi adat orang-orang disini sama ada Selepas meredah tebing yang berlumpur itu, kami berjalan di celah-celah rimbunan pohon yang duduk di istana atau pondok buruk apung yang dipenuhi dengan pelepah dan daunapongyang bersempang-perenang di seperti pondok 'menyadap' Pak Jemali di paya atas iumpur basah akibat dilanda air pasang seumpama ini, apabila meraikan tamu. dua kali saban hari. Tetapi kawasan paya ini bukan tempat'hiking'. Meraikan tamu tidak menjadi kesalahan asal- Melihat ada tamu luar datang meredah paya kan kuali niranya tidak diabaikan. sedalam lutut menuju ke pondoknya yang ber- Sebaik sahaja nira yang dimasak itu mulai iiang tinggi di antara rimbunan pohon apung mendidih, Pak Jemali mengacaunya tak belhenti-henti. Kian lama nira yang dimasak itu itu, Pak Jemali bin Kassim menunjukkan kian likat dan masak. Gula yang baik, kerana cukup kacau akan berwarna putih kekuning- mereka jalan ke pondoknya itu. Kawasan itu becak, penuh dengan akar dan pelepah dan kuningan, manakala yang kurangbaik, kerana berlumpur. \"Encik berkasut?\" penghuni paya kurang kacau akan menjadi merah. itu bertanya aneh. Sambil mengacau nira yang di dalam kualiitu \"Kami berkaki ayam sahaja di sini,\" kata Pak dengan pengacau khas, Pak Jemali mencerita- Jemali. kan kisah perusahaannya itu dengan gembira. Gula apung dibuat daripada nira pokok nipah Pak Jemali tidak duduk di situ siang dan (nipa fruticaus) yang dikenali sebagai 'pokok malam bergelumang dengan lumpur dan apung' oleh orang-orang tempatan. nyamuk di paya itu. Rumah dan kebunyya ter- Hitung panjang seorang tukang sadap mem- letak di kampung di seberang sungai, di Kedup di daerah Samarahan. 26

'l l bunga nipah yang keras itu dikupas dan dibiar- kayu bakau. Batangnya vang lurus dan tidak kelapa. Pokok nipah tidak bertempat lagi! bercabang amat sesuai untuk dibuat cerucuk \"Ya, itulah hakikatnva,\" kata Pak Jemali. .:n begitu buat beberapa hari, kemudian baha- atau perancah untuk membtna bangunan. :ran vang lembutnya dititik dengan batang Pemandu bot itu mengangguk mengiakan. Di kampung-kampung tepr pantai, pokok- :'elepah nipah yang sudah tua. pokok bakau kian pupus. Setiap orang rngin Apabila tanah kian banyak dibangun, tukang sadap terpaksa pergi jauh mencari kawasan Sebaik sahaja kudup bunga nipah muncul, berjimat menggunakannya, tetapi setiap orang lain. Sepuluh tahun akan datang, mereka .:ngkainya dipenggal untuk mendapatkan memerlukannya untuk memasak, untuk mem- :uanya. Tabung buluh ditadahkan pada bina pondok dan untuk membetulkan atau mungkin terpaksa pergike kawasan muara lain r:1ung keratan ini untuk menadah nira yang menyambung rumah. Tidak lama lagi pokok - ke Sadong, dan sudah tentu orang di sana menitis daripada bekas keratan itu. bakau akan pupus, dan ombak Laut China Sela- pun telah 'memiliki' hak ke atas kawasan itu! Air nira atau air sadap yang diperolehi itu tan akan bermaharajalela menhimbau dan Apakah masih ada orang yang menyadap manis dan agak masam masin rasanya, iaitu menghakis pantai di pinggir kampung. pada masa sepuluh tahun yang akan datang? agak berbeza sedikit daripada nira kelapa untuk Begitulah keluhan Pak Jemali sambil men- Pak Jemali tidak pasti. membuat gula melaka, gacau air niranya yang sedang dimasak rtu. Setin gula apung berharga antara $30 dengan Air nira itu dimasak di dalam tong 44 gelen Hitung panjang Pak Jemali dapat memungut $40, bergantung pada mutu dan permintaan lapan gantang air sadap sehari dan setelah di- semasa. Tukang sadap tidak menyadap setiap yang telah dibuang bahagian atasnya. Dapur- hari; justeru itu pendapatan mereka hanya satu nya dibuat daripada tanah liat yang dibuat di masak akan menjadi dua gantang gula atau atau dua tin seminggu. Kerja mereka bukan setengah tin biskut. Itulah jumlah hasil l,ang mudah, mereka terpaksa meredah pava dan bawah pondok beratap daun nipah yang diam- dapat dijual sehari. bil daripada'ladang', kemudran dianyam. menghadapi pelbagai bahaya serta sanggup \"ltupun kerana pokok-pokok apung di kawa- Mereka memasaknya dengan kayu api yang meninggalkan rumahtangga dan keluarga, san saya itu merata,\" tegasnya. dibeli daripada penjual kayu bakau di situ. Pokok nipah merupakan tumbuhtumbuhan hanya untuk mendapatkan rezeki kira-kira $100 seminggu. Pelepah nipah yang kering boleh digunakan, yang hidup subur di kawasan muara sungai tetapi panasnya tidak mencukupi. yang subur kerana menerima baja bersama- \"lni bukan mata pencarian utama saya,\" kata \"Kayu api kini kian mahal harganya,\" kata sama lumpur yang dibawa daripada hulu sun- Pak Jemali, \"lni hanya untuk menambahkan gai. Malangnya kawasan nipah tidak bertam- pendapatan. Bolehlah untuk menampung Pak Jemali. bah lagil keluarga!\" Mahukah orang-orang muda pergr Dahulu mereka pergi memotong sendtri Sebahagian besar kawasan pa\\ra muara menyadap dan memasak air sadap? Pak jemali daripada paya bakau di tepi sungai vang Samarahan telah dipulih guna untuk dijadikan kawasan pertanian oleh Jabatan Parit dan mengangkat bahu ragu, kemudian menghulur- :erhampiran, sesuka hati apabila diperlukan. . eiapi kini semuanva terpaksa berbeli dan ber- Tahair dan Jabatan Pertanian. Ladang Pak Jem- kan secawan air nira lagi. a1i sendiri terietak dt kawasan rancangan ini, ..lingl kawasan Asajaya. Apabila kawasan inidipagari Apa yang penting bagibeliau ialah tahun ini, permatang, airnva kering dan masinnya di- Pembuat arang membelinya berperahu- tawarkan, kemudian dttanami dengan pokok- kerana Hari Raya dan Hari Gawai saling men- :.:ahu untuk membuat arang kayu yang di- pokok buah-buahan, kelapa sawit, koko dan :unakan untuk memasak maiakan istimewa. 1e1ang tiba. Dengan menjelangnya hari besar \\rang kayu merupakan baha;r bakar yang pa1- seumpama ini, beliau berharap;ualannya akan rng baik untuk memanggang daging atau mem- bertambah laris. Tentang masa hadapan 'iakar sate setakat ini. perusahaan inibiariah masa yang menentukan- Untuk membina rumah pun memerlukan nya.g tU. F Il,i

31 tahun meryemai lrcsed,aran keselamatan jalan rrya Sejak tahun 1957, Permainan Lalu Lintas Shell telah meniadi sebahagian daripada program pendidikan keselamatan ialan raya bagi murid-murid sekolah. eratus tahun yang lalu, Shell .: hanya merupakan syarikat kecil {\"I . di Malaysia, tetapi kini She1l Shell mula memperkenalkan permainan ini di Malaysia pada tahun 1957. telah melibatkan diri dalam pel- tempat dan pengiktirafan. keselamatan di jalan raya kepada kalangan bagai aspek perniagaan yang berkait dengan Apakah Permainan Lalu Lintas Shell? murid sekolah, bakai pengguna jalan raya. perusahaan minyak, gas dan bahan-bahan Meskipun perkataan 'petmainan' itu mem- Permainan ini juga menggalakkan latihan kimia. Namun sejarah perkembangan sl,arrkat ini bawa makna bersuka-suka dan bermain, tetapi kemahiran yang menjadi asas penting untuk berkelakuan baik semasa di jalan raya. bukan sekadar kejayaan untuk memajukan pada hakikatnya ia lebih daripada itu. Per- bidang ekonomi atau teknologi. Sejarah mainan ini merupakan program pendidikan Sejak diperkenalkan pada tahun 1957, per- kejayaan ini juga merupakan kejayaan warga mainan ini telah diadakan pada peringkat ne- yang dapat memupuk kesedaran, korporat yang ingin memberikan sesuatu yang geri. lebih daripada setakat memberi sumbangan tanggungjawab dan sikap trmbang rasa demi terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi negara. Salah satu projek kemasyarakatan demi kepentingan masyarakat setempat ialah Per- mainan Lalu Lintas Shell. Permainan iniberasal daripada Sekolah Lalu Lintas Belia (Youth Traffic School) yang pada mulanya ditubuhkan oleh Perkhidmatan Belia Shell (Shell Youth Services), Jerman pada tahun 1950. Permainan ini diperkenalkan di Malaysia buat pertama kalinya pada tahun 1957, setelah mendapat kejayaan di Belanda dan di negeri- negeri Eropah kira-kira 35 tahun yang lalu. Pelancarannya telah dilakukan oleh Menteri Pengangkutan pada masa itu, Encik Ong Yoke Lin (kiniTun Omar Ong Yoke Lin), yang secara kebetulan berlaku bersempena dengan Hari Kemerdekaan Malaysia daripada tangan In- ggeris. Sejak iiu permainan ini kian mendapat 28 BERITA SHELL January 1989

ffffffffffiiiii Permainan lalu lintas Shell juga diadakan bagi murid-murid yang cacat pendengaran. Setiap sekolah yang mengambil bahagian menguruskan permainan ini mulai tahun 1965 Mungkin perkembangan yang amat bererti di akan menghantar 15 orang murid yang terdiri dalam program pendidikan lalu lintas Shell ini daripada enam orang 'pejalan kaki', enam hingga 1975. orang 'penunggang basikal' dan tiga orang ialah pelancaran Permainan Lalu Lintas Shell 'pemandu kereta' (memandu kereta kayuh). Pada hari ini, Permainan Lalu Lintas Shelldi- Peringkat Kebangsaan pada bulan November dahului dengan s),arahan dan latihan amali Di sesetengah bandar besar, permainan ini 1982. Ini bermakna permainan inr kian men- diadakan di taman lalu lintas kecil, Manakala di yang dijalankan di dalam persekitaran yang bandar-bandar kecil ia diadakan di medan- dapat pengiktirafan orang ramai, medan letak kereta atau taman-taman per- selamat. Juga diadakan pertandingan kuiz ten- mainan yang besar yang diubahsuai menjadi tang tatatertib di lebuh raya dan keselamatan di Secara kebetulan pelancaran permainan di taman lalu lintas sementara. Setiap peserta peringkat kebangsaanini diadakanbersem- jalan raya. Jika masa mengizinkan,murid- akan diberi sekeping kad yang mengandungi murid boleh menyertai peraduan berpidato pena dengan tahun Malaysia menyambut atau pertandingan poster yang bertemakan iapan arahan yang periu dilakukan dalam masa ulang tahun kemerdekaannya yang ke-25. yang telah ditentukan. keselamatan di jalan raya. Peringkat kebangsaan diadakan setiap tiga Setiap kesaiahan lalu lintas yang dilakukan Satu lagi perubahan besar vang dibuat ialah tahun sekali. Semua pemenang peringkat ne- oleh peserta akan ditolak satu markah dan akan penyertaan murid-murid sekolah menengah geri akan bertemu dan bertanding untuk mendapat saman daripada polis yang bertugas. (Tingkatan Satu hingga Tingkatan Tiga). Peserta yang banyak mendapat markah akan Sebelum tahun 1986, hanya murid-murid merebut kejohanan peringkat kebangsaan. diisytiharkan sebagai pemenang. sekolah rendah, Darjah Lima dan Darjah Enam Permainan Lalu Lintas Shell Peringkat Sejajar dengan kemajuan yang dicapai oleh yang mengambil bahagian. kebangsaan yang ketiga telah diadakan di negara, cara permainan ini diadakan, juga turut \"Ramaimurid Tingkatan Satu hingga Tingka- diperbaiki. Taman Tasik Titiwangsa pada bulan November tan Tiga yang berbasikal ke sekolah. Mereka 1988 yang lalu. Pada tahun ini luga diperkenal- Pada peringkat awal, Permainan Lalu Lintas sudah cukup umur untuk mengambil ujian kan Permainan Lalu Lintas Shelluntuk murid- Sheil kurang mendapat pengiktirafan sebagai lesen memandu motosikal. Motosikalamat di- murid yang cacat pendengaran. minati oleh golongan remaja. Dengan menver- program pendidikan. Kita akan berasa hairan masih ada orang \"Pada masa dahulu, kami hanya mengada- tai permainan lalu lintas ini, mereka akan mem- pelajari kemahiran memandu dan kesedaran yang mengatakan permainan ini hanva semata- kan waktu latihan sehari dua sebelum per- terhadap keselamatan di jalan raya dan apa-apa mata'bersuka-suka' dan'bermain'. mainan itu diadakan. Kami juga tidak men- vang dipelajari ini akan kekal di dalam ingatan gadakan ujian untuk menilai pengetahuan mereka,\" ujar Encik Mohd. Jamil Shamsuddin, Benar! Menurut Penasihat Undang-Undang mereka tentang peraturan di jalan raya dan Penolong Pegawai Ha1 Ehwal Awam Shell. kesedaran mereka terhadap keselamatan di Hiliran, Puan Azizah N4ohd Noor, yang pernah Encik ]amil merupakan pegawai yang ber- jalan raya,\" ujar Encik Kelly Ng Chin Kiar yang tanggungjawab menguruskan permainan ini di menyertai permainan ini pada tahun 1965 Semenanjung Malaysia, manakaia Encik Ale- semasa mewakili sekolahnya, Sekolah Rendah xander Isut Karim di Sabah dan Sarawak. Kebangsaan jalan Pudu. \"Walaupun hanya permainan, ia meninggal- kan kesan yang mendalam kepada kita supaya mematuhi peraturan lalu lintas. Kita belajar berdisiplin dan patuh. Kita akan sentiasa sedar BERITA SHELL January 1989 29