BỒI DƯỠNG HSG SỬ 9

["201","I. L\u00cd THUY\u1ebeT TR\u1eccNG T\u00c2M CU\u1ed8C KH\u00c1NG CHI\u1ebeN TO\u00c0N QU\u1ed0C CH\u1ed0NG TH\u1ef0C D\u00c2N PH\u00c1P B\u00d9NG N\u1ed4 (1946) 1. Kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c ch\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5 a. \u00c2m m\u01b0u v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p - \u00c2m m\u01b0u: X\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam - H\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng + Ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i Hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh S\u01a1 b\u1ed9, T\u1ea1m \u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng chi\u1ebfn tranh. + Ng\u00e0y 18\/12\/1946, Ph\u00e1p g\u1eedi t\u1ed1i h\u1eadu th\u01b0 \u0111\u00f2i n\u1eafm quy\u1ec1n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t Th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i \u2192 n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng, ch\u1eadm nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 s\u00e1ng 20\/12\/1946, Ph\u00e1p s\u1ebd h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng. \u2192 \u00c2m m\u01b0u v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 \u0111e d\u1ecda nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng t\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam, \u0111\u1eb7t nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam tr\u01b0\u1edbc hai s\u1ef1 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn: ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u00e1nh Ph\u00e1p, ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u h\u00e0ng Ph\u00e1p. - Ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng + Ng\u00e0y 12\/12\/1946, Ban Th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1ee5 Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ecdp v\u00e0 Ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb To\u00e0n d\u00e2n kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn. + Ng\u00e0y 18 v\u00e0 19\/12\/1946, Ban Th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1ee5 Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ea3ng h\u1ecdp m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9ng cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c. + T\u1ed1i 9\/12\/1946, Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh ra l\u1eddi k\u00eau g\u1ecdi to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn. \u2192 \u0110\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nguy\u1ec7n v\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi th\u1ebf hi\u1ec7n t\u00ednh ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Vi\u1ec7t Nam tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng \u00e2m m\u01b0u v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a k\u1ebb th\u00f9. 2. \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng a. C\u00e1c v\u0103n ki\u1ec7n h\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh - Ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb To\u00e0n d\u00e2n kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a Ban Th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1ee5 Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ea3ng (12\/12\/1946). - L\u1eddi k\u00eau g\u1ecdi to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh (19\/12\/1946). - T\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m Kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a T\u1ed5ng b\u00ed th\u01b0 Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Chinh (th\u00e1ng 9\/1947). b. N\u1ed9i dung \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i - M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch: \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111u\u1ed5i th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. 202","- T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t: d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 v\u00e0 t\u00ednh qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf. - Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u00e2m: to\u00e0n d\u00e2n, to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n, tr\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ec, t\u1ef1 l\u1ef1c c\u00e1nh sinh tranh th\u1ee7 s\u1ef1 \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf. \u2192 \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn, s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o; t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ph\u00e1t huy s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. L\u00e0 ng\u1ecdn c\u1edd c\u1ed5 v\u0169, d\u1eabn d\u1eaft d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u1ee9ng l\u00ean kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. Xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec3m cho m\u1ecdi th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn. CU\u1ed8C CHI\u1ebeN \u0110\u1ea4U \u1ede C\u00c1C \u0110\u00d4 TH\u1eca PH\u00cdA B\u1eaeC V\u0128 TUY\u1ebeN 16 1. B\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed - Th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c Vi\u1ec7t Nam. - \u00c2m m\u01b0u v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p \u0111e d\u1ecda nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng n\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u2192 t\u1ed1i 19\/12\/1946, Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh ra l\u1eddi k\u00eau g\u1ecdi to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn. - Th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p t\u1eadp trung l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ea1i H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, \u00e2m m\u01b0u \u0111\u00e1nh \u00fap c\u01a1 quan \u0111\u1ea7u n\u00e3o kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam. 2. Ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng - Ch\u1eb7n \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e2m m\u01b0u \u0111\u00e1nh \u00fap c\u01a1 quan \u0111\u1ea7u n\u00e3o kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p. - Giam ch\u00e2n th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p trong th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1eadu ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 th\u00eam th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi huy \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn. 3. Di\u1ec5n bi\u1ebfn ch\u00ednh a. T\u1ea1i H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i - Kho\u1ea3ng 20 gi\u1edd ng\u00e0y 19\/12\/1946, c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n Y\u00ean Ph\u1ee5 ph\u00e1 m\u00e1y \u2192 t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u cho cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea7u. - V\u1ec7 qu\u1ed1c qu\u00e2n, t\u1ef1 v\u1ec7 chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u \u2026 ti\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng c\u00e1c v\u1ecb tr\u00ed qu\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p. Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ch\u1ed1ng Ph\u00e1p d\u01b0\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c: d\u1ef1ng ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i v\u1eadt, b\u1ea5t h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c, \u2026 - Trung \u0111o\u00e0n Th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp, \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecbch quy\u1ebft li\u1ec7t \u1edf B\u1eafc B\u1ed9 Ph\u1ee7, ch\u1ee3 \u0110\u1ed3ng Xu\u00e2n. Sau 2 th\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u, ng\u00e0y 17\/2\/1947, Trung \u0111o\u00e0n r\u00fat v\u1ec1 h\u1eadu ph\u01b0\u01a1ng chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn l\u00e2u d\u00e0i. b. T\u1ea1i c\u00e1c \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb kh\u00e1c 203","Ki\u00ean c\u01b0\u1eddng chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u, g\u00e2y nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n cho \u0111\u1ecbch: v\u00e2y h\u00e3m \u0111\u1ecbch trong th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Nam \u0110\u1ecbnh, bu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecbch \u1edf Vinh ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea7u h\u00e0ng, \u2026 4. \u00dd ngh\u0129a - Ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 giam ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecbch trong c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i. - Ti\u00eau hao, ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn quan tr\u1ecdng sinh l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ecbch. - B\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch \u201c\u0111\u00e1nh nhanh th\u1eafng nhanh\u201d c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p. - T\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cho c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i v\u00e0o cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn l\u00e2u d\u00e0i. CHI\u1ebeN D\u1ecaCH VI\u1ec6T B\u1eaeC THU \u2013 \u0110\u00d4NG N\u0102M 1947 1. \u00c2m m\u01b0u v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p: a. \u00c2m m\u01b0u: - Th\u00e1ng 3\/1947, Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Ph\u00e1p c\u1eed B\u00f4-la-e sang l\u00e0m cao \u1ee7y Ph\u00e1p \u1edf \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng. B\u00f4-la-e v\u1ea1ch ra k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ti\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng Vi\u1ec7t B\u1eafc + X\u00f3a b\u1ecf c\u0103n c\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ecba Vi\u1ec7t B\u1eafc, ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t c\u01a1 quan \u0111\u1ea7u n\u00e3o kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 qu\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 l\u1ef1c. + Kh\u00f3a ch\u1eb7t bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi Vi\u1ec7t \u2013 Trung Qu\u1ed1c, ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n li\u00ean l\u1ea1c gi\u1eefa Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u1edbi qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf. + Gi\u00e0nh th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh, nhanh ch\u00f3ng k\u1ebft th\u00fac chi\u1ebfn tranh. b. H\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng: - Huy \u0111\u1ed9ng 12000 qu\u00e2n v\u00e0 h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft m\u00e1y bay t\u1ea1i \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng l\u00ean c\u0103n c\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ecba Vi\u1ec7t B\u1eafc t\u1eeb ng\u00e0y 7\/10\/1947. + Binh \u0111o\u00e0n qu\u00e2n d\u00f9 \u0111\u1ed5 qu\u00e2n xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e1nh chi\u1ebfm Ch\u1ee3 M\u1edbi, B\u1eafc K\u1ea1n,\u2026 + Binh \u0111o\u00e0n b\u1ed9 binh bao v\u00e2y Vi\u1ec7t B\u1eafc \u1edf ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng v\u00e0 ph\u00eda b\u1eafc. + Binh \u0111o\u00e0n h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p (b\u1ed9 binh, linh th\u1ee7y \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ed9) bao v\u00e2y Vi\u1ec7t B\u1eafc \u1edf ph\u00eda T\u00e2y. 204","2. Di\u1ec5n bi\u1ebfn ch\u00ednh: a. Ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng: - Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ea3ng h\u1ecdp v\u00e0 ra ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb \u201cPh\u1ea3i ph\u00e1 tan cu\u1ed9c ti\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a gi\u1eb7c Ph\u00e1p\u201d. b. Th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u: - Bao v\u00e2y, ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t binh \u0111o\u00e0n qu\u00e2n d\u00f9 \u1edf B\u1eafc K\u1ea1n, Ch\u1ee3 M\u1edbi, Ch\u1ee3 \u0110\u1ed3n,\u2026 bu\u1ed9c Ph\u00e1p ph\u1ea3i r\u00fat kh\u1ecfi Ch\u1ee3 \u0110\u1ed3n, Ch\u1ee3 R\u00e3 (cu\u1ed1i th\u00e1ng 11\/1947). - \u1ede m\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u00f4ng: ch\u1eb7n \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecbch tr\u00ean \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1 4, ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 \u1edf \u0111\u00e8o B\u00f4ng Lau (30\/10\/1947). - \u1ede m\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u00e2y: ph\u1ee5c k\u00edch, \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecbch tr\u00ean s\u00f4ng L\u00f4, ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 tr\u1eadn \u0110oan H\u00f9ng, Khe Lau,\u2026 3. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3, \u00fd ngh\u0129a: a. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3: - Bu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea1i b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn qu\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p ph\u1ea3i r\u00fat ch\u1ea1y kh\u1ecfi Vi\u1ec7t B\u1eafc (ng\u00e0y 19\/12\/1947). - Lo\u1ea1i kh\u1ecfi v\u00f2ng chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecbch, ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y, thu nhi\u1ec1u v\u0169 kh\u00ed. b. \u00dd ngh\u0129a: - B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u01a1 quan \u0111\u1ea7u n\u00e3o kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn, b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 l\u1ef1c tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh. - L\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch ph\u1ea3n c\u00f4ng l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam trong cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p. - L\u00e0m th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh nhanh th\u1eafng nhanh c\u1ee7a gi\u1eb7c Ph\u00e1p, bu\u1ed9c ch\u00fang ph\u1ea3i chuy\u1ec3n sang \u0111\u00e1nh l\u00e2u d\u00e0i. \uf0ae M\u1ed1c kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan, so s\u00e1nh l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u1eefa Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 Ph\u00e1p, theo h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i cho Vi\u1ec7t Nam. \u0110\u1ea8Y M\u1ea0NH KH\u00c1NG CHI\u1ebeN TO\u00c0N D\u00c2N, TO\u00c0N DI\u1ec6N 1. Qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 - Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n v\u0169 trang to\u00e0n d\u00e2n, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n chi\u1ebfn tranh du k\u00edch. - X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u0169 trang ba th\u1ee9 qu\u00e2n: D\u00e2n qu\u00e2n du k\u00edch, b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 l\u1ef1c, b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. 2. V\u0103n h\u00f3a \u2013 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c 205","- Th\u00e1ng 7\/1950, Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 ra ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ea3 c\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng, thay h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c 12 n\u0103m b\u1eb1ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c 9 n\u0103m. - H\u01b0\u1edbng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn qu\u1ed1c. 3. Kinh t\u1ebf - Ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i kinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ecbch. - X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ef1 c\u1ea5p, t\u1ef1 t\u00fac. 4. Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb - ngo\u1ea1i giao - N\u0103m 1948, t\u1ea1i Nam B\u1ed9, l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh b\u1ea7u c\u1eed H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n t\u1eeb c\u1ea5p x\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea5p t\u1ec9nh. C\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1, ki\u1ec7n to\u00e0n \u1ee6y ban kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p. - \u0110\u1ea7u n\u0103m 1950, Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh thay m\u1eb7t Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Vi\u1ec7t Nam D\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 C\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng \u0111\u1eb7t quan h\u1ec7 ngo\u1ea1i giao v\u1edbi b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0o t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n, th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t, to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam. - Th\u00e1ng 1\/1950, Trung Qu\u1ed1c, Li\u00ean X\u00f4 c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t quan h\u1ec7 ngo\u1ea1i giao v\u1edbi Vi\u1ec7t Nam. II. H\u1ec6 TH\u1ed0NG C\u00c2U H\u1eceI \u00d4N LUY\u1ec6N \uf0d8 C\u00c2U H\u1eceI TR\u1eaeC NGHI\u1ec6M C\u00e2u 1: H\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p sau khi k\u00ed Hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh S\u01a1 b\u1ed9 (6\/3\/1946) v\u00e0 T\u1ea1m \u01b0\u1edbc (14\/9\/1946) l\u00e0 g\u00ec? A. T\u00ecm c\u00e1ch ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i, nh\u1eb1m th\u00f4n t\u00ednh to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 n\u01b0\u1edbc ta m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa B. Nghi\u00eam ch\u1ec9nh th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n Hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh S\u01a1 b\u1ed9 (6\/3\/1946) v\u00e0 T\u1ea1m \u01b0\u1edbc (14\/9\/1946) C. Ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n v\u1edbi ta \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh D. H\u1ee3p t\u00e1c v\u1edbi ta \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i gi\u00e1p qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i ph\u00e1t x\u00edt Nh\u1eadt 206","C\u00e2u 2: Cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c ch\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5 l\u00e0 do A. Ph\u00e1p b\u1ed9i \u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng ta B. Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e1nh \u00fap tr\u1ee5 s\u1edf \u1ee7y ban nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Nam B\u1ed9 C. Ph\u00e1p m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00e1nh chi\u1ebfm Nam B\u1ed9 v\u00e0 Nam Trung B\u1ed9 D. Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e1nh chi\u1ebfm nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i quan tr\u1ecdng \u1edf S\u00e0i G\u00f2n - Ch\u1ee3 L\u1edbn C\u00e2u 3: Cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c ch\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u1edf A. H\u1ea3i Ph\u00f2ng B. H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i. C. Hu\u1ebf D. S\u00e0i G\u00f2n C\u00e2u 4: \u0110\u00eam 19\/12\/1946, \u1edf H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec5n ra s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n g\u00ec? A. Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh k\u00fd v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Ph\u00e1p b\u1ea3n Hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh S\u01a1 b\u1ed9 B. Cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c ch\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5 C. Trung \u0111o\u00e0n Th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp D. Ban Th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1ee5 Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ea3ng ra ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb To\u00e0n d\u00e2n kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn C\u00e2u 5: S\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0o \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec5n ra trong kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian t\u1eeb ng\u00e0y 19\/12\/1946 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e1ng 2\/1947? A. Ph\u00e1p li\u00ean t\u1ee5c g\u1eedi t\u1ed1i h\u1eadu th\u01b0 cho ta B. Cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u \u1edf c\u00e1c \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb ph\u00eda B\u1eafc v\u0129 tuy\u1ebfn 16 C. Ph\u00e1p t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng ta \u1edf H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, H\u1ea3i Ph\u00f2ng D. Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e1nh chi\u1ebfm Nam B\u1ed9 v\u00e0 Nam Trung B\u1ed9 C\u00e2u 6: Sau khi ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9ng to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn (19\/12\/1946), Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p t\u1ea1i A. th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i B. c\u0103n c\u1ee9 T\u00e2n Tr\u00e0o C. c\u0103n c\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ecba Vi\u1ec7t B\u1eafc D. c\u0103n c\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ecba Cao - B\u1eafc - L\u1ea1ng C\u00e2u 7: L\u1eddi k\u00eau g\u1ecdi to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u00d2 Ch\u00ed Minh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n \u0111i kh\u1eafp c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o \u0111\u00eam A. 18\/12\/1946 B. 22\/12\/1946 C. 20\/12\/1946 D. 19\/12\/1946 C\u00e2u 8: H\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng khi\u00eau kh\u00edch tr\u1eafng tr\u1ee3n nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ta sau Hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh S\u01a1 b\u1ed9 (6\/3\/1946) v\u00e0 T\u1ea1m \u01b0\u1edbc (14\/9\/1946) l\u00e0 A. \u0111\u00e1nh chi\u1ebfm c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng t\u1ef1 do c\u1ee7a ta Nam B\u1ed9 v\u00e0 Nam Trung B\u1ed9 B. khi\u00eau kh\u00edch, ti\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng ta \u1edf H\u1ea3i Ph\u00f2ng, L\u1ea1ng S\u01a1n C. g\u00e2y nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c xung \u0111\u1ed9t v\u0169 trang v\u00e0 th\u1ea3m s\u00e1t d\u00e2n th\u01b0\u1eddng \u1edf H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i D. g\u1eedi t\u1ed1i h\u1eadu th\u01b0 bu\u1ed9c Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 ta ph\u1ea3i giao quy\u1ec1n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 cho ch\u00fang C\u00e2u 9: Ng\u00e0y 18 v\u00e0 19\/12\/1946, H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb Ban Th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1ee5 Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ea3ng h\u1ecdp m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng \u1edf V\u1ea1n Ph\u00fac (H\u00e0 \u0110\u00f4ng) c\u00f3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh g\u00ec? A. Ra Ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb To\u00e0n d\u00e2n kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn B. L\u1eadp \u1ee7y ban kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c C. Ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9ng to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn D. Ph\u00e1t l\u1ec7nh T\u1ed5ng kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a trong c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00e2u 10: Ban Th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1ee5 Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9ng to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p l\u1ea1i h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ed9i \u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p? 207","A. Ti\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng v\u00e0o v\u00f9ng t\u1ef1 do c\u1ee7a ta \u1edf Nam B\u1ed9 v\u00e0 Nam Trung B\u1ed9 B. Khi\u00eau kh\u00edch, ti\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng ta \u1edf H\u1ea3i Ph\u00f2ng, L\u1ea1ng S\u01a1n C. G\u1eedi t\u1ed1i h\u1eadu th\u01b0 bu\u1ed9c Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 ta ph\u1ea3i giao quy\u1ec1n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 cho ch\u00fang D. G\u00e2y ra v\u1ee5 t\u00e0n s\u00e1t \u1edf c\u00e1c ph\u1ed1 H\u00e0ng B\u00fan, ph\u1ed1 Y\u00ean Ninh, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i C\u00e2u 11: \u0110\u00eam 19\/12\/1946, \u1edf H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec5n ra s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n quan tr\u1ecdng n\u00e0o? A. Ph\u00e1p g\u1eedi t\u1ed1i h\u1eadu th\u01b0 \u0111\u00f2i Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 ta ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3i t\u00e1n l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ef1 v\u1ec7 chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u B. Ban Th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1ee5 Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ea3ng ra ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb To\u00e0n d\u00e2n kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn C. Ph\u00e1p g\u1eedi t\u1ed1i h\u1eadu th\u01b0 \u0111\u00f2i Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 ta ph\u1ea3i giao quy\u1ec1n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 cho ch\u00fang D. Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh ra L\u1eddi k\u00eau g\u1ecdi to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn C\u00e2u 12: M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng \u00fd ngh\u0129a quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u \u1edf c\u00e1c \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb l\u00e0 A. \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o an to\u00e0n cho qu\u00e2n v\u00e0 d\u00e2n ta B. \u0111\u01b0a cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn chuy\u1ec3n sang giai \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u1edbi C. \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u s\u1ef1 tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i ta D. t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cho c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn l\u00e2u d\u00e0i C\u00e2u 13: T\u1eeb th\u00e1ng 12\/1946 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e1ng 2\/1947, cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n d\u00e2n ta \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cho c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn l\u00e2u d\u00e0i? A. Cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u \u1edf c\u00e1c \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb ph\u00eda B\u1eafc v\u0129 tuy\u1ebfn 16 B. Cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u \u1edf H\u1ea3i Ph\u00f2ng - L\u1ea1ng S\u01a1n C. Cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u \u1edf H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i trong 60 ng\u00e0y \u0111\u00eam D. Cu\u1ed9c ti\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng Ph\u00e1p \u1edf Nam \u0110\u1ecbnh, Hu\u1ebf, \u0110\u00e0 N\u1eb5ng. C\u00e2u 14: Trong cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u \u1edf c\u00e1c \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb ph\u00eda B\u1eafc v\u0129 tuy\u1ebfn 16, \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb n\u00e0o k\u00ecm ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecbch l\u00e2u nh\u1ea5t? A. Hu\u1ebf. B. Nam \u0110\u1ecbnh C. H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i D. \u0110\u00e0 N\u1eb5ng C\u00e2u 15: N\u1ed9i dung c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p (1946 - 1954) c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng l\u00e0 A. to\u00e0n d\u00e2n, to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n, tr\u01b0\u1eddng k\u1ef3 v\u00e0 tranh th\u1ee7 s\u1ef1 \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf B. to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n, tr\u01b0\u1eddng k\u1ef3, t\u1ef1 l\u1ef1c c\u00e1nh sinh v\u00e0 tranh th\u1ee7 s\u1ef1 \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf C. to\u00e0n d\u00e2n, tr\u01b0\u1eddng k\u1ef3, t\u1ef1 l\u1ef1c c\u00e1nh sinh v\u00e0 tranh th\u1ee7 s\u1ef1 \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf D. to\u00e0n d\u00e2n, to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n, tr\u01b0\u1eddng k\u1ef3, t\u1ef1 l\u1ef1c c\u00e1nh sinh, tranh th\u1ee7 s\u1ef1 \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf C\u00e2u 16: \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng k\u1ef3 nh\u1eb1m A. x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u0169 trang ba th\u1ee9 qu\u00e2n B. tranh th\u1ee7 s\u1ef1 \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf C. huy \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng to\u00e0n d\u00e2n D. chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u1eefa ta v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbch C\u00e2u 17: \u00dd n\u00e0o sau \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u \u1edf c\u00e1c \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb ph\u00eda B\u1eafc v\u0129 tuy\u1ebfn 16? 208","A. Ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn sinh l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ecbch, giam ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecbch trong th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 B. B\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0m ph\u00e1 s\u1ea3n k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e1nh nhanh th\u1eafng nhanh c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p C. T\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cho c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn l\u00e2u d\u00e0i D. L\u00e0m ph\u00e1 s\u1ea3n k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e1nh nhanh th\u1eafng nhanh, bu\u1ed9c Ph\u00e1p ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1nh l\u00e2u d\u00e0i. C\u00e2u 18: V\u0103n ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0o c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a nh\u01b0 l\u1eddi h\u1ecbch c\u1ee9u qu\u1ed1c, nh\u01b0 m\u1ec7nh l\u1ec7nh chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n d\u00e2n ta b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c ch\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p? A. Tuy\u00ean ng\u00f4n \u0110\u1ed9c l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam D\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a B. Ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb To\u00e0n d\u00e2n kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a Ban Th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1ee5 Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ea3ng C. L\u1eddi k\u00eau g\u1ecdi to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh D. T\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m Kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ed Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Chinh C\u00e2u 19: .\\\"... B\u1ea5t k\u00ec \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0, b\u1ea5t k\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e0, ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb, kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n chia t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, \u0111\u1ea3ng ph\u00e1i, d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. H\u1ec5 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ee9ng l\u00ean \u0111\u00e1nh th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ee9u T\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c...\u201d. \u0110o\u1ea1n tr\u00edch trong \u201cL\u1eddi k\u00eau g\u1ecdi to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn\u201d \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh n\u1ed9i dung n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p? A. To\u00e0n d\u00e2n kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn B. Quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m ch\u1ed1ng Ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c ta C. Tr\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ec kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn D. Kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n C\u00e2u 20: Trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng Ph\u00e1p (1945 -1954), \u0110\u1ea3ng ta th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i kh\u00e1ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ec v\u00ec A. Ph\u00e1p m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n ta v\u1ec1 m\u1ecdi m\u1eb7t, ta c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng B. ta c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p, v\u1eeba \u201ckh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn\u201d, v\u1eeba \u201cki\u1ebfn qu\u1ed1c\u201d C. ta c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p, v\u1eeba \u201ckh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn\u201d, v\u1eeba \u201cki\u1ebfn qu\u1ed1c D. \u0111\u1ec3 tranh th\u1ee7 t\u1ed1i \u0111a s\u1ef1 \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf C\u00e2u 21: \u201c... D\u00f9 ph\u1ea3i gian lao kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn, nh\u01b0ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t l\u00f2ng ki\u00ean quy\u1ebft hy sinh, th\u00ec th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c ta...\u201d. \u0110o\u1ea1n tr\u00edch trong \u201cL\u1eddi k\u00eau g\u1ecdi to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn\u201d \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh A. n\u1ed9i dung kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn to\u00e0n d\u00e2n B. tinh th\u1ea7n quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn C. thi\u1ec7n ch\u00ed h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ta D. s\u1ef1 hy sinh v\u00ec \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp t\u1ef1 do c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c C\u00e2u 22: L\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u \u1edf H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i trong nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c? A. Trung \u0111o\u00e0n th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 B. Vi\u1ec7t Nam gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng qu\u00e2n C. D\u00e2n qu\u00e2n du k\u00edch D. C\u1ee9u qu\u1ed1c qu\u00e2n C\u00e2u 23: Ph\u00e1p m\u1edf c\u1eeda cu\u1ed9c ti\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng l\u00ean Vi\u1ec7t B\u1eafc thu - \u0111\u00f4ng n\u0103m 1947 nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch g\u00ec? A. Bu\u1ed9c ta ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n v\u1edbi Ph\u00e1p B. Ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t c\u01a1 quan \u0111\u1ea7u n\u00e3o kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a ta C. Gi\u00e0nh l\u1ea1i th\u1ebf ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u00ean chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng D. Khai th\u00f4ng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng sang v\u00f9ng t\u00f4 gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c 209","C\u00e2u 24: Chi\u1ebfn thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p khi t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng l\u00ean Vi\u1ec7t B\u1eafc thu - \u0111\u00f4ng n\u0103m 1947 l\u00e0 A. tri\u1ec7t c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u1ebfp t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a ta l\u00ean c\u0103n c\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ecba B. t\u1ea1o th\u1ebf hai g\u1ecdng k\u00ecm \u0111\u1ec3 bao v\u00e2y, ph\u00e1 tan c\u01a1 quan \u0111\u1ea7u n\u00e3o kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn C. d\u00f9ng to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng qu\u00e2n d\u00f9 \u0111\u1ec3 bao v\u00e2y, ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t c\u0103n c\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ecba Vi\u1ec7t B\u1eafc D. t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng c\u0103n c\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ecba Vi\u1ec7t B\u1eafc theo h\u01b0\u1edbng s\u00f4ng H\u1ed3ng - s\u00f4ng L\u00f4 - ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean Tuy\u00ean Quang C\u00e2u 25: \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng (1946 - 1954) \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t huy truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0o d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c ta? A. K\u1ebft h\u1ee3p s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c v\u1edbi s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i B. L\u1ea5y chi\u1ebfn tranh nu\u00f4i chi\u1ebfn tranh C. Chi\u1ebfn tranh nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n D. D\u1ef1a v\u00e0o s\u1ee9c m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh C\u00e2u 26: Sau th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t B\u1eafc thu - \u0111\u00f4ng n\u0103m 1947, Ph\u00e1p bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb \u201c\u0111\u00e1nh nhanh, th\u1eafng nhanh\u201d sang A. \u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n v\u1edbi ta B. \u0111\u00e1nh ch\u1eafc ti\u1ebfn ch\u1eafc C. ch\u1eafc th\u1eafng m\u1edbi \u0111\u00e1nh D. \u0111\u00e1nh l\u00e2u d\u00e0i C\u00e2u 27: \u00c2m m\u01b0u \u201c\u0111\u00e1nh nhanh th\u1eafng nhanh\u201d c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p b\u1ecb th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n sau th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i \u1edf chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n v\u00e0 d\u00e2n ta? A. Cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u \u1edf c\u00e1c \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb ph\u00eda B\u1eafc v\u0129 tuy\u1ebfn 16 B. Chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch Vi\u1ec7t B\u1eafc thu \u0111\u00f4ng n\u0103m 1947 C. Chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch Bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi thu - \u0111\u00f4ng n\u0103m 1950 D. Chi\u1ebfn cu\u1ed9c \u0110\u00f4ng - Xu\u00e2n n\u0103m 1953 - 1954 C\u00e2u 28: \u00dd ngh\u0129a quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng Vi\u1ec7t B\u1eafc thu \u0111\u00f4ng n\u0103m 1947 l\u00e0 g\u00ec? A. Bu\u1ed9c Ph\u00e1p ph\u1ea3i chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb \u201c\u0111\u00e1nh nhanh th\u1eafng nhanh\u201d sang \u201c\u0111\u00e1nh l\u00e2u d\u00e0i\u201d v\u1edbi ta B. Ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng qu\u00e2n d\u00e2n ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea9y l\u00f9i nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p C. Ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf s\u1ef1 tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh v\u01b0\u1ee3t b\u1eadc c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i ta. D. Cu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3n c\u00f4ng l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n d\u00e2n ta \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00e0nh th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i \uf0d8 C\u00c2U H\u1eceI T\u1ef0 LU\u1eacN C\u00e2u 1. Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n s\u1ef1 b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5 cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c ch\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p (19-12-1946). C\u00e2u 2. Tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y n\u1ed9i dung \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng (1946 - 1954). Ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u \u00fd ki\u1ebfn v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t to\u00e0n d\u00e2n trong \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng. C\u00e2u 3. Tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a em v\u1ec1 chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch Vi\u1ec7t B\u1eafc thu - \u0111\u00f4ng n\u0103m 1947 \u0110\u00c1P \u00c1N V\u00c0 L\u1edcI GI\u1ea2I B\u1ea2I T\u1eacP T\u1ef0 LUY\u1ec6N C\u00c2U H\u1eceI TR\u1eaeC NGHI\u1ec6M 210","1-A 2-A 3-B 4-B 5-B 6-C 7-D 8-D 9-C 10-C 11-D 12-D 13-A 14-C 15-D 16-D 17-D 18-C 19-A 20-A 21-B 22-A 23-B 24-B 25-C 26-D 27-B 28-A C\u00c2U H\u1eceI T\u1ef0 LU\u1eacN C\u00e2u 1. Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n s\u1ef1 b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5 cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c ch\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p (19-12-1946). Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5 cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c * V\u1ec1 ph\u00eda th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p: - Th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p b\u1ed9i \u01b0\u1edbc, ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i c\u00e1c Hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00e3 k\u00ed (Hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh S\u01a1 b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 T\u1ea1m \u01b0\u1edbc ng\u00e0y 14\/9\/1946), th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u00e2m m\u01b0u th\u00f4n t\u00ednh c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam (Anh, ph\u00e1t x\u00edt Nh\u1eadt \u0111ang ch\u1edd gi\u1ea3i gi\u00e1p), th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng chi\u1ebfn tranh khi\u00eau kh\u00edch. - \u1ede Nam B\u1ed9 v\u00e0 Nam Trung B\u1ed9, th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p m\u1edf c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c ti\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng. H\u1ea1 tu\u1ea7n th\u00e1ng 11\/1946, qu\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p ti\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng H\u1ea3i Ph\u00f2ng, L\u1ea1ng S\u01a1n, cho qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed5 b\u1ed9 v\u00e0o \u0110\u00e0 N\u1eb5ng, sau \u0111\u00f3 chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u00f3ng H\u1ea3i Ph\u00f2ng; Th\u00e1ng 12\/1946, Ph\u00e1p g\u00e2y h\u1ea5n \u1edf H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, chi\u1ebfm tr\u1ee5 s\u1edf B\u1ed9 T\u00e0i ch\u00ednh, g\u00e2y ra v\u1ee5 th\u1ea3m s\u00e1t \u1edf ph\u1ed1 H\u00e0ng B\u00fan (Khu ph\u1ed1 Y\u00ean N\u1ec9nh). - Ng\u00e0y 18\/12\/1946, qu\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p g\u1eedi t\u1ed1i h\u1eadu th\u01b0 \u0111\u00f2i gi\u1ea3i t\u00e1n l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ef1 v\u1ec7 chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u, \u0111\u1ec3 cho Ph\u00e1p l\u00e0m nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 gi\u1eef g\u00ecn tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 \u1edf H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng ch\u00fang s\u1ebd gi\u00e0nh to\u00e0n quy\u1ec1n h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0o s\u00e1ng ng\u00e0y 20\/12\/1946. * V\u1ec1 ph\u00eda Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam - H\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i tr\u1eafng tr\u1ee3n c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00e3 k\u00ed v\u00e0 g\u00e2y s\u1ee9c \u00e9p qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1, l\u00e0m cho n\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c b\u1ecb \u0111e d\u1ecda nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng, m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ta tr\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ef1 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn: ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea7m s\u00fang \u0111\u1ee9ng l\u00ean \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111u\u1ed5i th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp. - T\u00ecnh th\u1ebf kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea5p \u0111\u00e3 bu\u1ed9c \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi. Ng\u00e0y 18\/12\/1946, Ban Th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1ee5 Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9ng cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c ch\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c. - T\u1ed1i ng\u00e0y 19\/12\/1946, Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh ra \u201cL\u1eddi k\u00eau g\u1ecdi to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn\u201d, 211","ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng Ph\u00e1p, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 n\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. C\u00e2u 2. Tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y n\u1ed9i dung \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng (1946 - 1954). Ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u \u00fd ki\u1ebfn v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t to\u00e0n d\u00e2n trong \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng. * N\u1ed9i dung \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng (1946 - 1954) - X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111u\u1ed5i th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c, gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp t\u1ef1 do. - X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn: + Kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn to\u00e0n d\u00e2n: Cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh t\u1ef1 v\u1ec7, ch\u00ednh ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp t\u1ef1 do c\u1ee7a T\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c. C\u00f3 l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng to\u00e0n d\u00e2n m\u1edbi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 l\u1ef1c c\u00e1nh sinh. + Kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n: kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn tr\u00ean tr\u00ean t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c m\u1eb7t: qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1, ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, kinh t\u1ebf, v\u0103n ho\u00e1, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 ngo\u1ea1i giao, nh\u1eb1m l\u00e0m th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i m\u1ecdi th\u1ee7 \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p. M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c ph\u1ea3i x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng h\u1eadu ph\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n. - X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u00e2m c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn: + Kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ec: ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u201c\u0111\u00e1nh nhanh, th\u1eafng nhanh\u201d c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecbch; t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i so s\u00e1nh l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean gi\u00e0nh th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh. + T\u1ef1 l\u1ef1c c\u00e1nh sinh v\u00e0 tranh th\u1ee7 s\u1ef1 \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf: nh\u1eb1m ph\u00e1t huy m\u1ecdi n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c ch\u1ee7 quan, tr\u00e1nh tr\u00f4ng ch\u1edd v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i; m\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c v\u1eabn coi tr\u1ecdng s\u1ef1 \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf. * Ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u \u00fd ki\u1ebfn v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t to\u00e0n d\u00e2n trong \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng - Xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng ch\u1ed1ng ngo\u1ea1i x\u00e2m c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh, t\u1eeb l\u00fd lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 chi\u1ebfn tranh nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c - L\u00eanin. - T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t to\u00e0n d\u00e2n trong cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng Ph\u00e1p th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n trong vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t huy 212","s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c m\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn: M\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn Vi\u1ec7t Minh (ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1951), H\u1ed9i Li\u00ean hi\u1ec7p qu\u1ed1c d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam. \u0110\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1951, c\u00e1c m\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn n\u00e0y th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t th\u00e0nh M\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn Li\u00ean Vi\u1ec7t. - T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t to\u00e0n d\u00e2n c\u00f2n th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u1edf ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ki\u1ebfn qu\u1ed1c, ch\u0103m lo b\u1ed3i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng s\u1ee9c d\u00e2n chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u l\u00e2u d\u00e0i. - \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn, ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft to\u00e0n d\u00e2n l\u00e0 c\u1ed9i ngu\u1ed3n s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh l\u00e0m n\u00ean th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i trong cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p. Trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh ng\u00e0y nay, \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft to\u00e0n d\u00e2n l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a T\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c. C\u00e2u 3. Tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a em v\u1ec1 chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch Vi\u1ec7t B\u1eafc thu - \u0111\u00f4ng n\u0103m 1947. * Ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed - Khi ta r\u00fat kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1c \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb th\u00ec th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecba b\u00e0n chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u00f3ng (chi\u1ebfm th\u00eam m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng giao th\u00f4ng quan tr\u1ecdng) nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e2m m\u01b0u \u0111\u00e1nh nhanh th\u1eafng nhanh, m\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn tranh v\u1eabn k\u00e9o d\u00e0i. - Chi\u1ebfn tranh c\u00e0ng k\u00e9o d\u00e0i th\u00ec Ph\u00e1p c\u00e0ng g\u1eb7p nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n v\u1ec1 qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1, kinh t\u1ebf, t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh...vv - Th\u00e1ng 3\/1947 Ph\u00e1p c\u1eed B\u00f4-la-e sang l\u00e0m cao \u1ee7y \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng thay cho \u0110\u1eafc-gi\u0103ng-li- \u01a1. Th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb m\u1edf cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng qui m\u00f4 l\u1edbn l\u00ean Vi\u1ec7t B\u1eafc. * \u00c2m m\u01b0u c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p khi ti\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng l\u00ean Vi\u1ec7t B\u1eafc - Ph\u00e1 tan c\u01a1 quan \u0111\u1ea7u n\u00e3o kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a ta - Ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a ta. - Kh\u00f3a ch\u1eb7t bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi Vi\u1ec7t Trung nh\u1eb1m ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n s\u1ef1 li\u00ean l\u1ea1c gi\u1eefa ta v\u1edbi qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf. - D\u00f9ng th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i v\u1ec1 qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n b\u00f9 nh\u00ecn tr\u00ean to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 nhanh ch\u00f3ng k\u1ebft th\u00fac chi\u1ebfn tranh. * Ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7 \u0110\u1ea3ng: Ban th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1ee5 Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ea3ng ra ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb \u201cPh\u1ea3i ph\u00e1 tan cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a gi\u1eb7c Ph\u00e1p\u201d. * T\u00f3m t\u1eaft di\u1ec5n bi\u1ebfn. - Ng\u00e0y 7\/10\/1947 Ph\u00e1p huy \u0111\u1ed9ng 12000 qu\u00e2n t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng l\u00ean Vi\u1ec7t B\u1eafc theo 3 h\u01b0\u1edbng: + Binh \u0111o\u00e0n qu\u00e2n d\u00f9: nh\u1ea3y xu\u1ed1ng B\u1eafc C\u1ea1n, Ch\u1ee3 M\u1edbi, Ch\u1ee3 \u0110\u1ed3n. + C\u00e1nh qu\u00e2n b\u1ed9, binh \u0111o\u00e0n b\u1ed9 binh t\u1eeb L\u1ea1ng S\u01a1n theo \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1 4 ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean Cao 213","B\u1eb1ng; m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn kh\u00e1c theo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1 3 v\u00f2ng xu\u1ed1ng B\u1eafc C\u1ea1n t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh g\u1ecdng k\u00ecm th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t bao v\u00e2y Vi\u1ec7t B\u1eafc \u1edf ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng v\u00e0 ph\u00eda b\u1eafc. + Ng\u00e0y 9\/10\/1947, binh \u0111o\u00e0n h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p t\u1eeb H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u00f4ng H\u1ed3ng, s\u00f4ng L\u00f4 ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean Tuy\u00ean Quang, Chi\u00eam H\u00f3a t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh g\u1ecdng k\u00ecm th\u1ee9 hai bao v\u00e2y Vi\u1ec7t B\u1eafc t\u1eeb ph\u00eda t\u00e2y. - Qu\u00e2n ta chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u0103n c\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ecba Vi\u1ec7t B\u1eafc: + T\u1ea1i B\u1eafc C\u1ea1n, qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecbch v\u1eeba nh\u1ea3y d\u00f9 xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb ta bao v\u00e2y, ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t. + \u1ede m\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1 4 (c\u00e1nh qu\u00e2n b\u1ed9): qu\u00e2n ta \u0111\u00e1nh ph\u1ee5c k\u00edch nhi\u1ec1u tr\u1eadn, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 tr\u1eadn \u0111\u00e8o B\u00f4ng Lau (30\/10\/1947), ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y \u0111o\u00e0n xe c\u01a1 gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecbch, thu nhi\u1ec1u v\u0169 kh\u00ed, qu\u00e2n trang, qu\u00e2n d\u1ee5ng. + Tr\u00ean s\u00f4ng L\u00f4: ta ph\u1ee5c k\u00edch t\u1ea1i \u0110oan H\u00f9ng, Khoan B\u1ed9, Khe Lau b\u1eafn ch\u00ecm nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e0u chi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecbch. + Ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng Vi\u1ec7t B\u1eafc qu\u00e2n v\u00e0 d\u00e2n c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u ph\u00e1 tan \u00e2m m\u01b0u c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecbch. \u0110\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y 19\/12\/1947 qu\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p r\u00fat kh\u1ecfi Vi\u1ec7t B\u1eafc. * K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed * - K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3: + Lo\u1ea1i kh\u1ecfi v\u00f2ng chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u 6000 t\u00ean \u0111\u1ecbch, 16 m\u00e1y bay, 11 t\u00e0u chi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 ca n\u00f4... + C\u0103n c\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ecba Vi\u1ec7t B\u1eafc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef v\u1eefng, c\u01a1 quan \u0111\u1ea7u n\u00e3o kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 an to\u00e0n, b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9i ta tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh. - \u00dd ngh\u0129a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed. + L\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3n c\u00f4ng l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a ta, c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c quan tr\u1ecdng trong n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7u to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn. + L\u00e0m th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u00e2m m\u01b0u \u0111\u00e1nh nhanh th\u1eafng nhanh c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p, bu\u1ed9c ch\u00fang ph\u1ea3i chuy\u1ec3n sang \u0111\u00e1nh l\u00e2u d\u00e0i v\u1edbi ta. + Ch\u1ee9ng minh s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn c\u1ee7a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn l\u00e2u d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc c\u1ee7a c\u0103n c\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ecba Vi\u1ec7t B\u1eafc. \u2192 L\u00e0 m\u1ed1c kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1ec1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i cho ta CH\u1ee6 \u0110\u1ec0 9: B\u01af\u1edaC PH\u00c1T TRI\u1ec2N C\u1ee6A CU\u1ed8C KH\u00c1NG CHI\u1ebeN CH\u1ed0NG PH\u00c1P (1950 \u2013 1953) M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau 214","Ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c N\u00eau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng n\u00e9t ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch Bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi thu \u2013 \u0111\u00f4ng (1950): ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh, ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng, di\u1ec5n bi\u1ebfn ch\u00ednh, k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 - \u00fd ngh\u0129a. N\u00eau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e2m m\u01b0u \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh chi\u1ebfn tranh x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 M\u0129: K\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch \u0110\u1edd L\u00e1t \u0111\u1edd T\u00e1t-xi-nhi (th\u00e1ng 12\/1950). N\u00eau n\u1ed9i dung v\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 II c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng (th\u00e1ng 2\/1951). Tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u ch\u00ednh trong c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng h\u1eadu ph\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng sau chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng Bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi thu \u2013 \u0111\u00f4ng (1950). K\u0129 n\u0103ng Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch, t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p, \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1, so s\u00e1nh, \u2026 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n l\u1ecbch s\u1eed. Khai th\u00e1c tranh \u1ea3nh, t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u, \u0111\u1ed3 d\u00f9ng tr\u1ef1c quan, \u2026 \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c l\u1ecbch s\u1eed. 215","I. L\u00cd THUY\u1ebeT TR\u1eccNG T\u00c2M CHI\u1ebeN D\u1ecaCH BI\u00caN GI\u1edaI THU \u2013 \u0110\u00d4NG N\u0102M 1950 1. Ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed: a. Thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i: - Sau chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng Vi\u1ec7t B\u1eafc thu \u2013 \u0111\u00f4ng (1947), t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i, theo h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i cho qu\u00e2n d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam. - T\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i cho cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam. + C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Trung Qu\u1ed1c th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng, n\u01b0\u1edbc C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Trung Hoa ra \u0111\u1eddi (10\/1949). + Trung Qu\u1ed1c, Li\u00ean X\u00f4, c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u00f4ng \u00c2u, \u2026 l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t quan h\u1ec7 ngo\u1ea1i giao v\u1edbi Vi\u1ec7t Nam. + Phong tr\u00e0o gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh. + Phong tr\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea5u tranh, ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfn tranh x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c Vi\u1ec7t Nam d\u00e2ng cao \u1edf Ph\u00e1p. b. Kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n: - M\u0129 can thi\u1ec7p s\u00e2u v\u00e0 \u201cd\u00ednh l\u00edu\u201d tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0o cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng. - D\u1ef1a v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7n tr\u1ee3 v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd c\u1ee7a M\u0129, th\u00e1ng 5\/1949, th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec1 ra K\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch R\u01a1ve. + T\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00f2ng ng\u1ef1 tr\u00ean \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1 4 t\u1eeb L\u1ea1ng S\u01a1n \u0111i Cao B\u1eb1ng. + Thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp \u201cH\u00e0nh lang \u0110\u00f4ng - T\u00e2y\u201d. + \u00c2m m\u01b0u t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng l\u00ean Vi\u1ec7t B\u1eafc l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai, h\u00f2ng gi\u00e0nh th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ebft th\u00fac chi\u1ebfn tranh. 2. Ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng: Th\u00e1ng 6\/1950, Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1edf chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch Bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi - Ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn sinh l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ecbch. - Khai th\u00f4ng bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi Vi\u1ec7t \u2013 Trung \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng li\u00ean l\u1ea1c qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf. - M\u1edf r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 c\u0103n c\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ecba Vi\u1ec7t B\u1eafc, th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean. 3. Di\u1ec5n bi\u1ebfn ch\u00ednh: 216","- Bao v\u00e2y, t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p t\u1ecba c\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0110\u00f4ng Kh\u00ea (16\/9\/1950). - M\u1ea5t \u0110\u00f4ng Kh\u00ea, qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecbch \u1edf Th\u1ea5t Kh\u00ea b\u1ecb uy hi\u1ebfp, Cao B\u1eb1ng b\u1ecb c\u00f4 l\u1eadp \uf0ae Ph\u00e1p bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i r\u00fat lui kh\u1ecfi Cao B\u1eb1ng theo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1 4, song b\u1ecb qu\u00e2n d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam mai ph\u1ee5c, ch\u1eb7n \u0111\u00e1nh. - T\u1eeb 8\/10\/1950 \u0111\u1ebfn 22\/10\/1950, qu\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p ph\u1ea3i r\u00fat kh\u1ecfi h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t v\u1ecb tr\u00ed tr\u00ean \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1 4. 4. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3, \u00fd ngh\u0129a: a. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3: - Lo\u1ea1i kh\u1ecfi v\u00f2ng chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u h\u01a1n 8000 qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecbch. - Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi t\u1eeb Cao B\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0110\u00ecnh L\u1eadp v\u1edbi 35 v\u1ea1n d\u00e2n. - Ch\u1ecdc th\u1ee7ng H\u00e0nh lang \u0110\u00f4ng \u2013 T\u00e2y, ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 th\u1ebf bao v\u00e2y c\u0103n c\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ecba Vi\u1ec7t B\u1eafc. b. \u00dd ngh\u0129a: - Chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch ti\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n d\u00e2n ta trong kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn. - M\u1edf r\u1ed9ng, c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 c\u0103n c\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ecba Vi\u1ec7t B\u1eafc; b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 l\u1ef1c th\u00eam tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh. - Gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ebf ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u00ean chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00ednh B\u1eafc B\u1ed9, m\u1edf ra b\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn. \u00c2M M\u01afU \u0110\u1ea8Y M\u1ea0NH CHI\u1ebeN TRANH X\u00c2M L\u01af\u1ee2C \u0110\u00d4NG D\u01af\u01a0NG C\u1ee6A TH\u1ef0C D\u00c2N PH\u00c1P - Th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i sau chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch Bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi \u2192 Ph\u00e1p \u00e2m m\u01b0u gi\u00e0nh l\u1ea1i quy\u1ec1n ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t. - M\u0129 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng vi\u1ec7n tr\u1ee3 cho Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh chi\u1ebfn tranh x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1edf \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u00e2m m\u01b0u t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc thay ch\u00e2n th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p. - D\u1ef1a v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7n tr\u1ee3 v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 c\u1ee7a M\u0129, th\u00e1ng 12\/1950, th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec1 ra k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch \u0110\u1edd L\u00e1t \u0111\u1edd T\u00e1t-xi-nhi. + T\u1eadp trung l\u00ednh \u00c2u \u2013 Phi \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1nh, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ng\u1ee5y qu\u00e2n. + X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ph\u00f2ng tuy\u1ebfn boong-ke, thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp v\u00f9ng t\u1ea1m chi\u1ebfm, v\u01a1 v\u00e9t s\u1ee9c ng\u01b0\u1eddi, s\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam. 217","+ \u0110\u00e1nh ph\u00e1 h\u1eadu ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a ta b\u1eb1ng bi\u1ec7t k\u00edch th\u1ed5 ph\u1ec9, gi\u00e1n \u0111i\u1ec7p, chi\u1ebfn tranh kinh t\u1ebf, \u2026 \u0110\u1ea0I H\u1ed8I \u0110\u1ea0I BI\u1ec2U TO\u00c0N QU\u1ed0C L\u1ea6N TH\u1ee8 HAI C\u1ee6A \u0110\u1ea2NG C\u1ed8NG S\u1ea2N \u0110\u00d4NG D\u01af\u01a0NG (TH\u00c1NG 2\/1950) 1. Ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed a. Thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i - Sau chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng Bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi thu \u2013 \u0111\u00f4ng (1950), Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ebf ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ean chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00ednh B\u1eafc B\u1ed9. - Nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn, \u0111\u1eb7t quan h\u1ec7 ngo\u1ea1i giao v\u1edbi Vi\u1ec7t Nam. - T\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i cho cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam. b. Kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n - M\u0129 can thi\u1ec7p s\u00e2u v\u00e0 \u201cd\u00ednh l\u00edu\u201d tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0o cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng. - Cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 1950, Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec1 ra k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch \u0110\u1edd L\u00e1t \u0111\u1edd T\u00e1t-xi-nhi \u2192 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam g\u1eb7p nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 v\u00f9ng sau l\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ecbch. 2. N\u1ed9i dung H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb - Th\u00e1ng 2\/1951, \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 II c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh t\u1ea1i Chi\u00eam H\u00f3a, Tuy\u00ean Quang. - Nh\u1eefng quy\u1ebft ngh\u1ecb quan tr\u1ecdng + \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e3 th\u00f4ng qua \u201cB\u00e1o c\u00e1o ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb\u201d c\u1ee7a Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh v\u00e0 B\u00e1o c\u00e1o \u201cB\u00e0n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam\u201d c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5ng b\u00ed th\u01b0 Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Chinh. + Th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp \u1edf m\u1ed7i n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea3ng M\u00e1c-L\u00ea Nin ri\u00eang. + \u1ede Vi\u1ec7t Nam, \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0a \u0110\u1ea3ng ra ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f4ng khai v\u1edbi t\u00ean m\u1edbi l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea3ng Lao \u0111\u1ed9ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam. + B\u1ea7u Ban Ch\u1ea5p h\u00e0nh Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 B\u1ed9 Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb do H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh l\u00e0m Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch v\u00e0 Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Chinh l\u00e0m T\u1ed5ng b\u00ed th\u01b0. 3.\u00dd ngh\u0129a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed - \u0110\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u b\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1edbi trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng. 218","- Th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111i l\u00ean \u2192 l\u00e0 \u201c\u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i\u201d. PH\u00c1T TRI\u1ec2N H\u1eacU PH\u01af\u01a0NG KH\u00c1NG CHI\u1ebeN V\u1ec0 M\u1eccI M\u1eb6T 1. Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb - ngo\u1ea1i giao - Ng\u00e0y 3\/3\/1951, \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t M\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn Vi\u1ec7t Minh v\u00e0 H\u1ed9i Li\u00ean Vi\u1ec7t th\u00e0nh m\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn duy nh\u1ea5t g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 M\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn Li\u00ean Vi\u1ec7t. - Ng\u00e0y 11\/3\/1951, Li\u00ean minh nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t \u2013 Mi\u00ean \u2013 L\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp, t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ba n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng. 2. V\u0103n h\u00f3a \u2013 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c - Ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c c\u1ea3i c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c theo ba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u00e2m: ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn, ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 d\u00e2n sinh. - N\u0103m 1952, \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i Chi\u1ebfn s\u0129 thi \u0111ua v\u00e0 C\u00e1n b\u1ed9 g\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1eabu to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u2192 c\u1ed5 v\u0169 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam trong cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn to\u00e0n d\u00e2n, to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n. 3. Kinh t\u1ebf - \u0110\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh t\u0103ng gia s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. - N\u0103m 1952, Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 m\u1edf cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea1i v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m. 219","- Th\u00e1ng 4\/1953 \u2013 7\/1954, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n 5 \u0111\u1ee3t gi\u1ea3m t\u00f4 v\u00e0 1 \u0111\u1ee3t c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch ru\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t \u1edf 53 x\u00e3 thu\u1ed9c v\u00f9ng t\u1ef1 do Th\u00e1i Nguy\u00ean, Thanh H\u00f3a, \u2026 II. H\u1ec6 TH\u1ed0NG C\u00c2U H\u1eceI \u00d4N LUY\u1ec6N \uf0d8 C\u00c2U H\u1eceI TR\u1eaeC NGHI\u1ec6M C\u00e2u 1: Sau chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch Vi\u1ec7t B\u1eafc thu - \u0111\u00f4ng (1947), s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n l\u1ecbch s\u1eed th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng Ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a ta l\u00e0 A. C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Trung Qu\u1ed1c th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i (1\/10\/1949). B. M\u0129 c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t quan h\u1ec7 ngo\u1ea1i giao v\u1edbi Vi\u1ec7t Nam. C. Cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Cam-pu-chia c\u00f3 b\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1edbi. D. Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn Pathet L\u00e0o ra \u0111\u1eddi. C\u00e2u 2: Nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1951 - 1953, cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p chuy\u1ec3n bi\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? A. Li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i tr\u00ean c\u00e1c m\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn. B. Chuy\u1ec3n sang th\u1ebf ph\u00f2ng ng\u1ef1 b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed9ng. C. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh nh\u1edd s\u1ef1 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 c\u1ee7a M\u0129. D. Ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c gi\u1eef v\u1eefng quy\u1ec1n ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u00ean chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng. C\u00e2u 3: Trong cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng (1945 - 1954), Ph\u00e1p ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng l\u1ec7 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o M\u0129 l\u00e0 do A. Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean X\u00f4, Trung Qu\u1ed1c. B. Ph\u00e1p b\u1ecb th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng Vi\u1ec7t Nam, \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng. C. M\u0129 kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n Ph\u00e1p k\u00e9o d\u00e0i v\u00e0 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng chi\u1ebfn tranh \u1edf \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng. D. T\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi di\u1ec5n bi\u1ebfn kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i cho Ph\u00e1p. C\u00e2u 4: \u0110\u1ec3 kh\u00f3a ch\u1eb7t bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi Vi\u1ec7t - Trung, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 c\u1ee7a M\u0129, Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 th\u00f4ng qua k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 n\u00e0o? A. K\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch B\u00f4-la-e. B. K\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch R\u01a1-ve. C. K\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch \u0110\u1edd L\u00e1t \u0111\u1edd T\u00e1t-xi-nhi. D. K\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch Na-va. C\u00e2u 5: Ta m\u1edf chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch Bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi thu - \u0111\u00f4ng 1950 v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch g\u00ec? 220","A. Ph\u00e1 tan cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a gi\u1eb7c Ph\u00e1p. B. Ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7 l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p \u1edf \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng B\u1eafc B\u1ed9. C. Ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn sinh l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ecbch, khai th\u00f4ng bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi Vi\u1ec7t \u2013 Trung. D. K\u1ebft th\u00fac cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng Ph\u00e1p. C\u00e2u 6: Tr\u1eadn ti\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng m\u1edf m\u00e0n trong chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch Bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi thu - \u0111\u00f4ng n\u0103m 1950 l\u00e0 tr\u1eadn n\u00e0o? A. Th\u1ea5t Kh\u00ea. B. \u0110\u00f4ng Kh\u00ea. C. \u0110\u00ecnh L\u1eadp. D. Cao B\u1eb1ng. C\u00e2u 7: Chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng Bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi thu - \u0111\u00f4ng 1950 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee5c di\u1ec7n chi\u1ebfn tranh \u1edf \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? A. Ta gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy\u1ec1n ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u00ean chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00ednh B\u1eafc B\u1ed9. B. Ta gi\u00e0nh quy\u1ec1n ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ean to\u00e0n \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng. C. Ph\u00e1p gi\u00e0nh l\u1ea1i th\u1ebf ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf B\u1eafc B\u1ed9. D. Ph\u00e1p c\u00e0ng l\u00f9i s\u00e2u v\u00e0o th\u1ebf b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf v\u00f9ng r\u1eebng n\u00fai. C\u00e2u 8: Chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng ti\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 l\u1ef1c Vi\u1ec7t Nam trong cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p (1945 - 1954) l\u00e0 A. chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch Vi\u1ec7t B\u1eafc thu - \u0111\u00f4ng n\u0103m 1947.B. chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch Bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi thu - \u0111\u00f4ng n\u0103m 1950. C. chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch Trung L\u00e0o n\u0103m 1953. D. chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch \u0110i\u1ec7n Bi\u00ean Ph\u1ee7 n\u0103m 1954. C\u00e2u 9: Ng\u00e0y 23\/12\/1950, M\u0129 \u0111\u00e3 k\u00ed v\u1edbi Ph\u00e1p A. Hi\u1ec7p \u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c kinh t\u1ebf Vi\u1ec7t - M\u0129.B. Hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u00f2ng th\u1ee7 chung \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng C. Hi\u1ec7p \u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 B\u1ea3o \u0110\u1ea1i D. Hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh vi\u1ec7n tr\u1ee3 kinh t\u1ebf - t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh C\u00e2u 10: Sau th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i \u1edf chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch Bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi - thu \u0111\u00f4ng 1950, \u00e2m m\u01b0u c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 g\u00ec? A. Gi\u00e0nh l\u1ea1i quy\u1ec1n ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t B. K\u00e9o d\u00e0i v\u00e0 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng chi\u1ebfn tranh \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng, C. Ti\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng qu\u00e2n ta tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng. D. X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 b\u00f9 nh\u00ecn th\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p. C\u00e2u 11: G\u1ea5p r\u00fat x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00f9ng t\u1ea1m chi\u1ebfm l\u00e0 n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch 221","A. B\u00f4-la-e. B. R\u01a1-ve. C. \u0110\u1edd L\u00e1t \u0111\u1edd T\u00e1t-xi-nhi D. Na-va C\u00e2u 12: K\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch \u0110\u1edd L\u00e1t \u0111\u1edd T\u00e1t-xi-nhi c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a ta? A. H\u1eadu ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a ta b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e1nh ph\u00e1. B. V\u00f9ng ki\u1ec1m so\u00e1t c\u1ee7a ta b\u1ecb thu h\u1eb9p. C. Qu\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a ta b\u1ecb ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n D. Cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ta th\u00eam kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. C\u00e2u 13: \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng (2\/1951) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2u? A. P\u00e1c P\u00f3 (Cao B\u1eb1ng). B. T\u00e2n Tr\u00e0o (Tuy\u00ean Quang). C. T\u1eeb S\u01a1n (B\u1eafc Ninh). D. Chi\u00eam H\u00f3a (Tuy\u00ean Quang). C\u00e2u 14: T\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7n hai c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng (th\u00e1ng 2\/1951), Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y A. B\u00e1o c\u00e1o B\u00e0n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam B. B\u00e1o c\u00e1o ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb. C. Lu\u1eadn c\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb. D. Tuy\u00ean ng\u00f4n, Ch\u00ednh c\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0110i\u1ec1u l\u1ec7 \u0110\u1ea3ng. C\u00e2u 15: T\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7n II c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng (th\u00e1ng 2\/1951), T\u1ed5ng B\u00ed th\u01b0 Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Chinh \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y A. B\u00e1o c\u00e1o B\u00e0n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam. B. B\u00e1o c\u00e1o ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb. C. Lu\u1eadn c\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb. D. Tuy\u00ean ng\u00f4n, Ch\u00ednh c\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0110i\u1ec1u l\u1ec7 \u0110\u1ea3ng. C\u00e2u 16: T\u1ed5ng k\u1ebft kinh nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ea5u tranh c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng qua c\u00e1c ch\u1eb7ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u1ea5u tranh l\u00e0 n\u1ed9i dung \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00eau ra trong A. Lu\u1eadn c\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a Tr\u1ea7n Ph\u00fa B. B\u00e1o c\u00e1o ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh C. B\u00e1o c\u00e1o B\u00e0n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u1ee7a T\u1ed5ng B\u00ed th\u01b0 Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Chinh. D. Tuy\u00ean ng\u00f4n, Ch\u00ednh c\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0110i\u1ec1u l\u1ec7 \u0110\u1ea3ng (th\u00e1ng 2\/1951). C\u00e2u 17: \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng (th\u00e1ng 2\/1951), quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp \u1edf m\u1ed7i n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea3ng M\u00e1c - L\u00eanin \u0111\u1ec3 222","A. ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i n\u01b0\u1edbc B. ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi xu th\u1ebf ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi C. th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n. D. \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nguy\u1ec7n v\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ba n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng C\u00e2u 18: \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ea1\u1ecb bi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7n 2 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng (th\u00e1ng 2\/1951) quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh A. \u0111\u01b0a \u0110\u1ea3ng ra ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f4ng khai l\u1ea5y t\u00ean l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n \u0110\u00f4ng \u0110\u01b0\u01a1ng. B. \u0111\u01b0a \u0110\u1ea3ng ra ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f4ng khai l\u1ea5y t\u00ean l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea3ng Lao \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng C. \u0111\u01b0a \u0110\u1ea3ng ra ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f4ng khai l\u1ea5y t\u00ean l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea3ng Lao \u0111\u1ed9ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam. D. \u0111\u01b0a \u0110\u1ea3ng ra ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f4ng khai l\u1ea5y t\u00ean l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam. C\u00e2u 19: \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7n 2 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng (th\u00e1ng 2\/1951) th\u00f4ng qua A. Ch\u00ednh c\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1eafn t\u1eaft, s\u00e1ch l\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1eafn t\u1eaft B. Tuy\u00ean ng\u00f4n v\u00e0 \u0110i\u1ec1u l\u1ec7 \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n C. Lu\u1eadn c\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c v\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba D. Tuy\u00ean ng\u00f4n, Ch\u00ednh c\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0110i\u1ec1u l\u1ec7 m\u1edbi C\u00e2u 20: \u0110i\u1ec1n v\u00e0o ch\u1ed7 tr\u1ed1ng trong \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u00edch sau \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7n 2 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng (2\/1951) b\u1ea7u ra Ban Ch\u1ea5p h\u00e0nh Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 B\u1ed9 Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb \u2026.. \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea7u l\u00e0m \u2026\u2026\u2026; \u2026\u2026.. b\u1ea7u l\u1ea1i l\u00e0m \u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026 A. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh - Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch \u0110\u1ea3ng; L\u00ea Du\u1ea9n - T\u1ed5ng B\u00ed th\u01b0. B. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh - T\u1ed5ng B\u00ed th\u01b0; Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Chinh - Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch \u0110\u1ea3ng. C. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh - Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch \u0110\u1ea3ng; Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Chinh - T\u1ed5ng B\u00ed th\u01b0. D. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh - Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch n\u01b0\u1edbc; Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Chinh - T\u1ed5ng B\u00ed th\u01b0. C\u00e2u 21: H\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng Lao \u0111\u1ed9ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam sau \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai (2\/1951) l\u00e0 A. n\u1eeda h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p. B. b\u1ea5t h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p. C. c\u00f4ng khai. D. b\u00ed m\u1eadt. C\u00e2u 22: M\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn Li\u00ean Vi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c n\u00e0o? 223","A. M\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn T\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 H\u1ed9i Li\u00ean hi\u1ec7p Thanh ni\u00ean Vi\u1ec7t Nam B. M\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn Vi\u1ec7t Minh v\u00e0 H\u1ed9i Li\u00ean Vi\u1ec7t C. M\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn T\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 H\u1ed9i Li\u00ean Vi\u1ec7t D. M\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn Vi\u1ec7t Minh v\u00e0 H\u1ed9i Li\u00ean hi\u1ec7p Ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef Vi\u1ec7t Nam C\u00e2u 23: Li\u00ean minh nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t - Mi\u00ean - L\u00e0o (3\/1951) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp t\u1eeb c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c n\u00e0o \u1edf ba n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng? A. M\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t Kh\u01a1-me - M\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn L\u00e0o y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc - M\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn Vi\u1ec7t Minh. B. M\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft Campuchia - M\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t L\u00e0o - M\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn Li\u00ean Vi\u1ec7t. C. M\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn Kh\u01a1-me - M\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn L\u00e0o - M\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn Vi\u1ec7t Minh. D. M\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn Kh\u01a1-me - M\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn L\u00e0o - M\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn Li\u00ean Vi\u1ec7t. C\u00e2u 24: \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 m\u1ed1c d\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u b\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o, l\u00e0 \u201c\u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i\u201d. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a A. H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp \u0110\u1ea3ng (2\/1930). B. H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng (10\/1930). C. \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng (1935). D. \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng (2\/1951). C\u00e2u 25: T\u1eeb n\u0103m 1951 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1952, s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 A. \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ea3ng to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai (2\/1951). B. \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t Vi\u1ec7t Minh - Li\u00ean Vi\u1ec7t (3\/1951) C. H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp \u201cLi\u00ean minh nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t - Mi\u00ean - L\u00e0o\u201d. D. \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i anh h\u00f9ng v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn s\u0129 thi \u0111ua to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t (5\/1952). C\u00e2u 26: Chi\u1ebfn s\u0129 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ed9c ph\u00e1 \u1edf c\u1ee5m c\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0110\u00f4ng Kh\u00ea trong chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch Bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi thu - \u0111\u00f4ng n\u0103m 1950? A. C\u00f9 Ch\u00ednh Lan. B. Nguy\u1ec5n Qu\u1ed1c Tr\u1ecb. C. Ng\u00f4 Gia Kh\u1ea3m. D. La V\u0103n C\u1ea7u. \uf0d8 C\u00c2U H\u1eceI T\u1ef0 LU\u1eacN 224","C\u00e2u 1. Ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh b\u1ea3ng so s\u00e1nh gi\u1eefa chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch Vi\u1ec7t B\u1eafc thu - \u0111\u00f4ng 1947 v\u1edbi chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch Bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi thu - \u0111\u00f4ng n\u0103m 1950. N\u1ed9i dung Chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch Vi\u1ec7t B\u1eafc thu - Chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch Bi\u00ean Gi\u1edbi thu - \u0111\u00f4ng n\u0103m \u0111\u00f4ng n\u0103m 1947 1950 Th\u1ebf, l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 Ph\u00e1p tr\u01b0\u1edbc chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch. C\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3, \u00fd ngh\u0129a. Qua b\u1ea3ng so s\u00e1nh em c\u00f3 nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t g\u00ec? C\u00e2u 2. T\u00f3m t\u1eaft ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh, n\u1ed9i dung v\u00e0 n\u00eau \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 II c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng (th\u00e1ng 2\/1951). C\u00e2u 3. Ch\u1ee9ng minh: Sau chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng Bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi thu - \u0111\u00f4ng n\u0103m 1950, cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c ch\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ta c\u00f3 b\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1edbi. \u0110\u00c1P \u00c1N V\u00c0 L\u1edcI GI\u1ea2I B\u1ea2I T\u1eacP T\u1ef0 LUY\u1ec6N 7-A 8-B 9-B 10-B C\u00c2U H\u1eceI TR\u1eaeC NGHI\u1ec6M 17-A 18-C 19-D 20-C 1-A 2-C 3-B 4-B 5-C 6-B 11-C 12-D 13-D 14-B 15-A 16-C 21-C 22-B 23-D 24-D 25-A 26-D C\u00c2U H\u1eceI T\u1ef0 LU\u1eacN C\u00e2u 1. Ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh b\u1ea3ng so s\u00e1nh gi\u1eefa chi\u1ebfn dich Vi\u1ec7t B\u1eafc thu - \u0111\u00f4ng n\u0103m 1947 v\u1edbi chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch Bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi thu - \u0111\u00f4ng n\u0103m 1950? N\u1ed9i dung Chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch Vi\u1ec7t B\u1eafc thu - \u0111\u00f4ng n\u0103m 1947 Chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch Bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi thu - \u0111\u00f4ng n\u0103m 1950 225","- Th\u1ebf, l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a - Th\u1ebf: -Th\u1ebf: ta v\u00e0 Ph\u00e1p + \u0110\u1ecbch ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng c\u0103n c\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ecba Vi\u1ec7t + Ta ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1edf chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch t\u1ea5n c\u00f4n tr\u01b0\u1edbc chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch. B\u1eafc. \u0111\u1ecbch d\u1ecdc \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1 4. \u0110\u1ecbch b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed9ng + Ta b\u1ecb t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng, ph\u1ea3n c\u00f4ng l\u1ea1i qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a ta. \u0111\u1ecbch. - L\u1ef1c: - L\u1ef1c: + Ph\u00eda ta ti\u1ec1m l\u1ef1c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng, \u1edf M\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn Bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi, l\u1ef1c + \u0110\u1ecbch: huy \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3o l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a ta \u00e1p \u0111\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ecbch. 12.000 qu\u00e2n tinh nhu\u1ec7 v\u00e0 h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft m\u00e1y bay \u1edf \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng. + Ta \u0111ang \u1edf giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn c\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f2n y\u1ebfu, trang b\u1ecb thi\u1ebfu th\u1ed1n. - C\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e1nh - Ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu d\u00f9ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e1nh du k\u00edch, ph\u1ee5c - K\u1ebft h\u1ee3p t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 mai ph\u1ee5c. \u0110\u00e1n c\u1ee7a ta k\u00edch, ch\u1eb7n \u0111\u00e1nh. v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng chi\u1ebfn (\u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed3n, di\u1ec7t vi\u1ec7n), - K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3, \u00fd ngh\u0129a sau \u0111\u00f3 mai ph\u1ee5c ch\u1eb7n \u0111\u00e1nh nh\u1eefng - Ta bu\u1ed9c Ph\u00e1p r\u00fat kh\u1ecfi Vi\u1ec7t B\u1eafc. C\u0103n c\u1ee9 -c\u00e1Gnih\u1ea3iqpuh\u00e2\u00f3nndgi chuy\u1ec3n. gi\u1edbi Vi\u1ec7t - v\u00f9ng bi\u00ean Vi\u1ec7t B\u1eafc tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed3 ch\u00f4n qu\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p. Trung, ch\u1ecdc th\u1ee7ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c H\u00e0nh lang C\u01a1 quan \u0111\u1ea7u n\u00e3o an to\u00e0n, ch\u1ee7 l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a ta \u0110\u00f4ng - T\u00e2y, l\u00e0m ph\u00e1 s\u1ea3n K\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh. R\u01a1-ve. - \u0110\u1eadp tan k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e1nh nhanh th\u1eafng - V\u1edbi th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i n\u00e0y ta gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ebf nhanh c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p, bu\u1ed9c Ph\u00e1p ph\u1ea3i chuy\u1ec3n ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u00ean chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng. sang \u0111\u00e1nh l\u00e2u d\u00e0i v\u1edbi ta. * Qua b\u1ea3ng so s\u00e1nh em c\u00f3 nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t g\u00ec? - Cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a ta ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i sau l\u1edbn h\u01a1n th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i tr\u01b0\u1edbc. - T\u1eeb chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch Vi\u1ec7t B\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch Bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a ta c\u00f3 b\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1edbi C\u00e2u 2. T\u00f3m t\u1eaft ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh, n\u1ed9i dung v\u00e0 n\u00eau \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c s\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 II c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng (2\/1951). Ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh 226","- Trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh trong n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u00f3i c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn chuy\u1ec3n, \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng, n\u00ean \u0110\u1ea3ng ra ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f4ng khai. Th\u00e1ng 2\/1951, \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 II \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ecdp \u1edf Chi\u00eam H\u00f3a (Tuy\u00ean Quang). N\u1ed9i dung - \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e3 th\u00f4ng qua \u201cB\u00e1o c\u00e1o ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh\u201d v\u00e0 B\u00e1o c\u00e1o \u201cB\u00e0n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam\u201d c\u1ee7a T\u1ed5ng B\u00ed th\u01b0 Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Chinh. - Quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00e1ch \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng, th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp \u0110\u1ea3ng Lao \u0111\u1ed9ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam. - Th\u00f4ng qua Tuy\u00ean ng\u00f4n, Ch\u00ednh c\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0110i\u1ec1u l\u1ec7 m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng Lao \u0111\u1ed9ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam. - B\u1ea7u Ban Ch\u1ea5p h\u00e0nh Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 B\u1ed9 Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb do H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh l\u00e0m Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch v\u00e0 Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Chinh l\u00e0m T\u1ed5ng B\u00ed th\u01b0. \u00dd ngh\u0129a - L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n quan tr\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn, \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u b\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1edbi, b\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng. - \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u201c\u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i\u201d v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0110\u1ea3ng Lao \u0111\u1ed9ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam. C\u00e2u 3. Ch\u1ee9ng minh: Sau chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng Bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi thu - \u0111\u00f4ng 1950, cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c ch\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ta c\u00f3 b\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1edbi Sau chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng Bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi thu - \u0111\u00f4ng n\u0103m 1950, l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a ta tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh v\u1ec1 m\u1ecdi m\u1eb7t, qu\u00e2n d\u00e2n ta gi\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i to l\u1edbn v\u00e0 to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n, ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c gi\u1eef v\u1eefng quy\u1ec1n ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u00ean chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng ... - Tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb: \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 II (2\/1951), \u0111\u01b0a \u0110\u1ea3ng ra ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f4ng khai, t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ef1 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng \u0111\u01b0a kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i; M\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn Vi\u1ec7t Minh v\u00e0 Li\u00ean Vi\u1ec7t th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t (3\/1954) ...; Li\u00ean minh nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t - Mi\u00ean - L\u00e0o th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp (3\/1951)...; \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i anh h\u00f9ng chi\u1ebfn s\u0129 thi \u0111ua (5\/1952), ... - Tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn kinh t\u1ebf: Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec1u bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p nh\u1eb1m t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u1ec1m l\u1ef1c kinh t\u1ebf ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n... - V\u0103n h\u00f3a gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c y t\u1ebf: th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c (1950); \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean v\u0103n ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 tham gia m\u1ecdi m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u; l\u00e0m t\u1ed1t c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c v\u1ec7 sinh ph\u00f2ng b\u1ec7nh, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng m\u1edbi, coi tr\u1ecdng ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe cho nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n... - Tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1: m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 M\u0129 can thi\u1ec7p s\u00e2u v\u00e0o cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh... \u0111\u01b0a cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00ean quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn, tuy nhi\u00ean ta v\u1eabn m\u1edf c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn 227","d\u1ecbch \u1edf trung du v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng B\u1eafc B\u1ed9... gi\u1eef v\u1eefng quy\u1ec1n ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecbch tr\u00ean chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng, \u0111\u1ea9y \u0111\u1ecbch l\u00f9i s\u00e2u v\u00e0o th\u1ebf b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3, \u2026 CH\u1ee6 \u0110\u1ec0 10: CU\u1ed8C KH\u00c1NG CHI\u1ebeN CH\u1ed0NG PH\u00c1P K\u1ebeT TH\u00daC TH\u1eaeNG L\u1ee2I (1953 \u2013 1954) M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau Ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c Tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e2m m\u01b0u, h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 can thi\u1ec7p M\u0129 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n trong k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch Na-va. T\u00f3m t\u1eaft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di\u1ec5n bi\u1ebfn ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 n\u00eau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c Ti\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c trong \u0110\u00f4ng \u2013 Xu\u1ea5n 1953 \u2013 1954 v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch \u0110i\u1ec7n Bi\u00ean Ph\u1ee7. Tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y n\u1ed9i dung c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a Hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh Gi\u01a1-ne-v\u01a1 n\u0103m 1954 v\u1ec1 \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng. N\u00eau v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i, \u00fd ngh\u0129a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p (1946 \u2013 1954). K\u0129 n\u0103ng S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng SGK, t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o, quan s\u00e1t tranh \u1ea3nh, b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3, phim t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u, \u2026 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1, nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c l\u1ecbch s\u1eed. Khai th\u00e1c tranh \u1ea3nh, t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u, \u0111\u1ed3 d\u00f9ng tr\u1ef1c quan, \u2026 \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c l\u1ecbch s\u1eed. 228","I. L\u00cd THUY\u1ebeT TR\u1eccNG T\u00c2M \u00c2M M\u01afU M\u1edaI C\u1ee6A PH\u00c1P, M\u0128 \u1ede \u0110\u00d4NG D\u01af\u01a0NG \u2013 K\u1ebe HO\u1ea0CH QU\u00c2N S\u1ef0 NAVA 1. K\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch Nava: - Th\u00e1ng 7\/1953, d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7n tr\u1ee3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd c\u1ee7a M\u0129, Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec1 ra k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch Nava, nh\u1eb1m gi\u00e0nh th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh, \u201ck\u1ebft th\u00fac chi\u1ebfn tranh trong danh d\u1ef1\u201d. - K\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch Nava \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 ra to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n, quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn, c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 c\u1ea5u k\u1ebft ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 M\u0129, g\u00e2y ra cho c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c. - K\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch Na va ngay t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng m\u1ea7m m\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i: + \u0110\u1ec1 ra khi Ph\u00e1p \u0111ang \u1edf th\u1ebf b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed9ng. + M\u00e2u thu\u1eabn gi\u1eefa t\u1eadp trung v\u1edbi ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng; gi\u1eefa th\u1ebf v\u00e0 l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e0 ch\u00fang \u0111\u1eb7t ra, \u2026 2. B\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed: - Qua 8 n\u0103m ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ki\u1ebfn qu\u1ed1c, l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn m\u1ea1nh. - Th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn, l\u00e2m v\u00e0o th\u1ebf b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u00ean chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng. - M\u0129 can thi\u1ec7p s\u00e2u v\u00e0o cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh \u1edf \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng. \u2192 Th\u00e1ng 7\/1953, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a M\u0129, th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec1 ra K\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch Nava, hi v\u1ecdng trong 18 th\u00e1ng gi\u00e0nh th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh. 3. N\u1ed9i dung k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch Nava - B\u01b0\u1edbc 1: + Th\u1eddi gian: t\u1eeb thu \u2013 \u0111\u00f4ng 1953 \u0111\u1ebfn xu\u00e2n n\u0103m 1954. + K\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch: Ph\u00f2ng ng\u1ef1 chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1edf B\u1eafc B\u1ed9. Ti\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ecbnh Trung B\u1ed9 v\u00e0 Nam \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng. - B\u01b0\u1edbc 2: 229","+ Th\u1eddi gian: t\u1eeb thu \u2013 \u0111\u00f4ng n\u0103m 1954. + K\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch: Ti\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c B\u1eafc B\u1ed9, gi\u00e0nh th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh bu\u1ed9c Vi\u1ec7t Nam ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n theo nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i cho Ph\u00e1p. 4. Bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch - Xin M\u0129 t\u0103ng th\u00eam vi\u1ec7n tr\u1ee3 qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 (chi\u1ebfm 73% chi ph\u00ed chi\u1ebfn tranh \u1edf \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng). - T\u1eadp trung 44\/48 ti\u1ec3u \u0111o\u00e0n c\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng B\u1eafc B\u1ed9. - M\u1edf r\u1ed9ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ed5 ph\u1ec9, bi\u1ec7t k\u00edch \u1edf v\u00f9ng r\u1eebng n\u00fai, bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi ph\u00eda B\u1eafc. - M\u1edf cu\u1ed9c ti\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng l\u1edbn v\u00e0o v\u00f9ng gi\u00e1p gi\u1edbi Ninh B\u00ecnh, Thanh H\u00f3a, \u2026 CU\u1ed8C TI\u1ebeN C\u00d4NG CHI\u1ebeN L\u01af\u1ee2C \u0110\u00d4NG \u2013 XU\u00c2N 1953 \u2013 1954 1. Ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng, k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng - Th\u00e1ng 9\/1953, B\u1ed9 Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ea3ng h\u1ecdp v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1 ra k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch t\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn trong \u0111\u00f4ng \u2013 xu\u00e2n 1953 \u2013 1954. - Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u01b0\u1edbng chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c: t\u1eadp trung l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1edf c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c ti\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng l\u1edbn v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng h\u01b0\u1edbng quan tr\u1ecdng m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbch t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i y\u1ebfu \u2192 bu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecbch ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ra nhi\u1ec1u n\u01a1i. - Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u00e2m chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c: \u201cT\u00edch c\u1ef1c, ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng, c\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed9ng, linh ho\u1ea1t\u201d, \u201c\u0111\u00e1nh \u0103n ch\u1eafc, ti\u1ebfn \u0103n ch\u1eafc\u201d. 230","2. Di\u1ec5n bi\u1ebfn ch\u00ednh: - Cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 1953, ta ti\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ecbch \u1edf Lai Ch\u00e2u. - \u0110\u1ecbch \u0111i\u1ec1u qu\u00e2n t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng cho \u0110i\u1ec7n Bi\u00ean Ph\u1ee7, bi\u1ebfn \u0110i\u1ec7n Bi\u00ean Ph\u1ee7 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh n\u01a1i t\u1eadp trung binh l\u1ef1c th\u1ee9 hai. - Cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 1953, li\u00ean qu\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t \u2013 L\u00e0o ti\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ecbch \u1edf Trung L\u00e0o. - Nava l\u1ea1i ph\u1ea3i \u0111i\u1ec1u qu\u00e2n sang \u1ee9ng c\u1ee9u cho X\u00ean\u00f4, bi\u1ebfn X\u00ean\u00f4 l\u00e0 n\u01a1i t\u1eadp trung binh l\u1ef1c th\u1ee9 ba. - \u0110\u1ea7u n\u0103m 1954, li\u00ean qu\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t \u2013 L\u00e0o ti\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng L\u00e0o. - Nava t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ed1t gi\u1eef Lu\u00f4ng Phabang, bi\u1ebfn n\u01a1i n\u00e0y th\u00e0nh n\u01a1i t\u1eadp trung binh l\u1ef1c th\u1ee9 t\u01b0. - \u0110\u1ea7u n\u0103m 1954, ta ti\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ecbch \u1edf B\u1eafc T\u00e2y Nguy\u00ean. - Nava l\u1ea1i ph\u1ea3i t\u0103ng vi\u1ec7n binh cho Pl\u00e2yku, bi\u1ebfn Pl\u00e2yku l\u00e0 n\u01a1i t\u1eadp trung binh l\u1ef1c th\u1ee9 n\u0103m. - \u1ede v\u00f9ng sau l\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ecbch, chi\u1ebfn tranh du k\u00edch ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh, ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t, ti\u00eau hao nhi\u1ec1u sinh l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ecbch. 3. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3, \u00fd ngh\u0129a: - L\u00e0m ph\u00e1 s\u1ea3n b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u K\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 Nava, bu\u1ed9c qu\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecbch ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n. - Giam ch\u00e2n qu\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p t\u1ea1i mi\u1ec1n r\u1eebng n\u00fai, g\u00e2y nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ea5t l\u1ee3i cho ch\u00fang. - Qu\u00e2n d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy\u1ec1n ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u00ean c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00ednh \u1edf \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng. - Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cho qu\u00e2n d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam m\u1edf chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch \u0110i\u1ec7n Bi\u00ean Ph\u1ee7. CHI\u1ebeN D\u1ecaCH L\u1ecaCH S\u1eec \u0110I\u1ec6N BI\u00caN PH\u1ee6 (1954) 1. \u00c2m m\u01b0u v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p \u2013 M\u0129 231","a. \u00c2m m\u01b0u: - K\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch Nava b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u ph\u00e1 s\u1ea3n sau c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c ti\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam t\u1ecfng \u0111\u00f4ng \u2013 xu\u00e2n 1963- 1954 \u2192 Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 M\u0129 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh bi\u1ebfn \u0110i\u1ec7n Bi\u00ean Ph\u1ee7 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh trung t\u00e2m \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a K\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch Nava. - Thu h\u00fat ch\u1ee7 l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam t\u1edbi \u0110i\u1ec7n Bi\u00ean Ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t, t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cho Ph\u00e1p b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng B\u1eafc B\u1ed9, \u0111\u00e1nh chi\u1ebfm li\u00ean khu V. b. H\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng: X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0110i\u1ec7n Bi\u00ean Ph\u1ee7 th\u00e0nh t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n c\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u1ea1nh nh\u1ea5t \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng. 2. Ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng, s\u1ef1 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng \u0110\u1ea7u th\u00e1ng 12\/1953, B\u1ed9 Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ea3ng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1edf chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch \u0110i\u1ec7n Bi\u00ean Ph\u1ee7. a. M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau - Ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng qu\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p \u1edf \u0110i\u1ec7n Bi\u00ean Ph\u1ee7. - Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng T\u00e2y B\u00e1c, t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng B\u1eafc L\u00e0o. - Gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1, t\u1ea1o thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i cho cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh ngo\u1ea1i giao. b. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u00e2m: Chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb \u201c\u0110\u00e1nh nhanh th\u1eafng nhanh\u201d sang \u201c\u0111\u00e1nh ch\u1eafc ti\u1ebfn ch\u1eafc\u201d. 3. Di\u1ec5n bi\u1ebfn ch\u00ednh a. \u0110\u1ee3t 1 Ti\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ecbch \u1edf Him Lam v\u00e0 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n khu B\u1eafc, ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t c\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec3m Him Lam, \u0110\u1ed9c L\u1eadp. b. \u0110\u1ee3t 2: 232","Ti\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh chi\u1ebfm c\u00e1c v\u1ecb tr\u00ed ph\u00f2ng th\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a ph\u00e2n khu Trung t\u00e2m, chi\u1ebfm ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c c\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec3m. c. \u0110\u1ee3t 3 Ti\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecbch \u1edf ph\u00e2n khu Trung t\u00e2m v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n khu Nam. 17 gi\u1edd 30 ph\u00fat ng\u00e0y 7\/5\/1954, t\u01b0\u1edbng \u0110\u1edd C\u00e1txt\u01a1ri c\u00f9ng to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 Ban Tham m\u01b0u c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecbch b\u1ecb b\u1eaft. 4. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3, \u00fd ngh\u0129a a. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 Ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t, b\u1eaft s\u1ed1ng to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 qu\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p t\u1ea1i \u0110i\u1ec7n Bi\u00ean Ph\u1ee7, thu nhi\u1ec1u v\u0169 kh\u00ed. b. \u00dd ngh\u0129a: - Ph\u00e1 s\u1ea3n ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch Nava, xoay chuy\u1ec3n c\u1ee5c di\u1ec7n chi\u1ebfn tranh, t\u1ea1o c\u01a1 s\u1edf th\u1ef1c l\u1ef1c cho cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh ngo\u1ea1i giao c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam. - C\u1ed5 v\u0169 phong tr\u00e0o gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f2ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. HI\u1ec6P \u0110\u1ecaNH GI\u01a0NEV\u01a0 V\u1ec0 K\u1ebeT TH\u00daC CHI\u1ebeN TTRANH V\u00c0 L\u1eacP L\u1ea0I H\u00d2A B\u00ccNH \u1ede \u0110\u00d4NG D\u01af\u01a0NG (TH\u00c1NG 7\/1954) 1. B\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh k\u00ed k\u1ebft - C\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1edbn (M\u0129, Li\u00ean X\u00f4, \u2026) c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 h\u00f2a ho\u00e3n trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf: chia c\u1eaft n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u1ee9c, b\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea3o Tri\u1ec1u Ti\u00ean, \u2026 - Ph\u00e1p th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1 tr\u00ean chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng \u2192 bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn ng\u1ed3i v\u00e0o b\u00e0n \u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n. - Vi\u1ec7t Nam gi\u00e0nh th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea1i \u0110i\u1ec7n Bi\u00ean Ph\u1ee7, nh\u01b0ng ch\u01b0a t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0u th\u1ebf v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i trong so s\u00e1nh l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1edbi Ph\u00e1p tr\u00ean chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc. \u2192 Ng\u00e0y 21\/7\/1954, Hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh Gi\u01a1nev\u01a1 v\u1ec1 \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00ed k\u1ebft. 233","2. N\u1ed9i dung Hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh - C\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc tham d\u1ef1 H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb cam k\u1ebft t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n, th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a ba n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng; cam k\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng can thi\u1ec7p v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a ba n\u01b0\u1edbc. - C\u00e1c b\u00ean tham chi\u1ebfn th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ng\u1eebng b\u1eafn, l\u1eadp l\u1ea1i h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh tr\u00ean to\u00e0n \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng. - C\u00e1c b\u00ean tham chi\u1ebfn th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u1eadp k\u1ebft, chuy\u1ec3n qu\u00e2n v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n giao khu v\u1ef1c. + Vi\u1ec7t Nam: Qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 qu\u00e2n vi\u1ec5n chinh Ph\u00e1p t\u1eadp k\u1ebft \u1edf hai mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc \u2013 Nam. L\u1ea5y v\u0129 tuy\u1ebfn 17 (d\u1ecdc theo song B\u1ebfn H\u1ea3i \u1edf Qu\u1ea3ng Tr\u1ecb) l\u00e0m gi\u1edbi tuy\u1ebfn qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi. C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t khu phi qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 \u1edf hai b\u00ean gi\u1edbi tuy\u1ebfn. + L\u00e0o: l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn t\u1eadp k\u1ebft \u1edf S\u1ea7m N\u01b0a v\u00e0 Phongxal\u00ec. + Campuchia: l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ph\u1ee5c vi\u00ean t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u00f9ng t\u1eadp k\u1ebft. - C\u1ea5m \u0111\u01b0a qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i, nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1, v\u0169 kh\u00ed n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0o ba n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng. C\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tham gia b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 kh\u1ed1i li\u00ean minh qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 n\u00e0o. - Vi\u1ec7t Nam ti\u1ebfn t\u1edbi th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1eb1ng cu\u1ed9c t\u1ed5ng tuy\u1ec3n c\u1eed t\u1ef1 do trong c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 7\/1956, d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t v\u00e0 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u1ee6y ban qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf (\u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, Ba Lan, Canada). 3. \u00dd ngh\u0129a v\u00e0 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf a. \u00dd ngh\u0129a: 234","- L\u00e0 v\u0103n b\u1ea3n ph\u00e1p l\u00ed qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf ghi nh\u1eadn nh\u1eefng quy\u1ec1n d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng. - K\u1ebft th\u00fac cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng Ph\u00e1p; l\u00e0m th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i \u00e2m m\u01b0u k\u00e9o d\u00e0i, m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf h\u00f3a chi\u1ebfn tranh x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c M\u0129. - Mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n, \u0111i l\u00ean x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng XHCN. b. H\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf: - Th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i ch\u01b0a tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n v\u00ec m\u1edbi gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc. - Th\u1eddi gian chuy\u1ec3n giao khu v\u1ef1c k\u00e9o d\u00e0i (300 ng\u00e0y) \u2192 t\u1ea1o thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i cho M\u0129 t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch ch\u1ed1ng ph\u00e1. NGUY\u00caN NH\u00c2N TH\u1eaeNG L\u1ee2I, \u00dd NGH\u0128A L\u1ecaCH S\u1eec C\u1ee6A CU\u1ed8C KH\u00c1NG CHI\u1ebeN CH\u1ed0NG TH\u1ef0C D\u00c2N PH\u00c1P (1945 \u2013 1954) 1. Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i - Tinh th\u1ea7n \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ba n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng. - S\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00ecnh, \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 v\u00e0 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c, Li\u00ean X\u00f4, c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n kh\u00e1c; nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9. - S\u1ef1 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng, \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh, v\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb - qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn, s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o. - To\u00e0n \u0110\u1ea3ng, to\u00e0n d\u00e2n v\u00e0 to\u00e0n qu\u00e2n \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft m\u1ed9t l\u00f2ng. - C\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n trong c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc; m\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t; l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u0169 trang ba th\u1ee9 qu\u00e2n v\u1eefng m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 h\u1eadu ph\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn, v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc. 2. \u00dd ngh\u0129a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed - Gi\u00e1ng \u0111\u00f2n n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1 v\u00e0o tham v\u1ecdng x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c, n\u00f4 d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c sau Chi\u1ebfn tranh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ee9 hai. - Ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t chi\u1ebfn tranh x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 \u00e1ch th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p trong g\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam. 235","- Mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n, ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng CNXH, t\u1ea1o c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng mi\u1ec1n Nam, th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc. - G\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n l\u00e0m tan r\u00e3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba; c\u1ed5 v\u0169 phong tr\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea5u tranh gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. II. H\u1ec6 TH\u1ed0NG C\u00c2U H\u1eceI \u00d4N LUY\u1ec6N \uf0d8 C\u00c2U H\u1eceI TR\u1eaeC NGHI\u1ec6M C\u00e2u 1: Th\u00e1ng 5\/1953, Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 c\u1eed t\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00e0o l\u00e0m t\u1ed5ng ch\u1ec9 huy qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i vi\u1ec5n chinh Ph\u00e1p \u1edf \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng? A. B\u00f4-la-e B. \u0110\u1edd C\u00e1t-xt\u01a1-ri C. Na-va D. \u0110\u1edd L\u00e1t \u0111\u1edd T\u00e1t-xi-nhi C\u00e2u 2: M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a K\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 Na-va l\u00e0 g\u00ec? A. Xoay chuy\u1ec3n c\u1ee5c di\u1ec7n chi\u1ebfn tranh \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng B. Ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau \u0111\u00e1nh nhanh th\u1eafng nhanh C. K\u00e9o d\u00e0i v\u00e0 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng chi\u1ebfn tranh \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng D. Gi\u00e0nh l\u1ea1i quy\u1ec1n ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u00ean chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00ednh B\u1eafc B\u1ed9 C\u00e2u 3: V\u1edbi K\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch Na-va, Ph\u00e1p hi v\u1ecdng \u201ck\u1ebft th\u00fac chi\u1ebfn tranh trong danh d\u1ef1\u201d trong th\u1eddi gian A. 2 n\u0103m B. 18 th\u00e1ng C. 1 n\u0103m D. 20 th\u00e1ng C\u00e2u 4: Theo K\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch Na-va, thu - \u0111\u00f4ng 1953 v\u00e0 xu\u00e2n 1954, th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p gi\u1eef th\u1ebf ph\u00f2ng ng\u1ef1 chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1edf A. chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng mi\u1ec1n Nam B. Nam Trung B\u1ed9 C. chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc D. Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng L\u00e0o C\u00e2u 5: Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n K\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch Na-va, t\u1eeb thu - \u0111\u00f4ng n\u0103m 1953, Ph\u00e1p t\u1eadp trung qu\u00e2n l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u? A. Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng L\u00e0o B. T\u00e2y B\u1eafc C. \u0110\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng B\u1eafc B\u1ed9 D. C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 l\u1edbn C\u00e2u 6: Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u01b0\u1edbng chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a ta trong \u0111\u00f4ng - xu\u00e2n 1953 - 1954 l\u00e0 g\u00ec? A. M\u1edf c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c ti\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng h\u01b0\u1edbng quan tr\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbch t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i y\u1ebfu 236","B. T\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng v\u00e0o c\u00e1c \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb l\u1edbn - trung t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ea7u n\u00e3o ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p C. T\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ecbch \u1edf v\u00f9ng r\u1eebng n\u00fai - n\u01a1i ta c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf trong th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e1nh du k\u00edch D. T\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ecbch \u1edf \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng Nam B\u1ed9 C\u00e2u 7: B\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a K\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch Na-va l\u00e0 g\u00ec? A. Ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n binh l\u1ef1c B. T\u1eadp trung binh l\u1ef1c C. V\u1eeba t\u1eadp trung v\u1eeba ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n D. Mu\u1ed1n k\u1ebft th\u00fac chi\u1ebfn tranh trong danh d\u1ef1 C\u00e2u 8: H\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a K\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch Na-va l\u00e0 g\u00ec? A. Ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n binh l\u1ef1c B. T\u1eadp trung binh l\u1ef1c C. Ch\u1ec9 ph\u00e1t huy \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1edf \u0111\u1ecba h\u00ecnh r\u1eebng n\u00fai D. M\u00e2u thu\u1eabn gi\u1eefa t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n binh l\u1ef1c C\u00e2u 9: Th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0110i\u1ec7n Bi\u00ean Ph\u1ee7 th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00f2ng ng\u1ef1 g\u1ed3m A. 49 c\u0103n c\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u1edbi 3 ph\u00e2n khu B. 51 c\u0103n c\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u1edbi 3 ph\u00e2n khu C. 55 c\u0103n c\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u1edbi 3 ph\u00e2n khu D. 60 c\u0103n c\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u1edbi 3 ph\u00e2n khu C\u00e2u 10: \u0110i\u1ec3m y\u1ebfu l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a t\u1eadp to\u00e0n c\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0110i\u1ec7n Bi\u00ean Ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Ph\u00e1p - M\u0129 l\u00e0 g\u00ec? A. S\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng qu\u00e2n l\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng nhi\u1ec1u B. Xa h\u1eadu ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p C. X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec3mD. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ea3i qu\u00e2n C\u00e2u 11: M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ea3ng khi quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1edf chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch \u0110i\u1ec7n Bi\u00ean Ph\u1ee7 l\u00e0 g\u00ec? A. Ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ecbch, gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng T\u00e2y B\u1eafc, t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng B\u1eafc L\u00e0o B. Ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t sinh l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ecbch, t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng v\u00f9ng T\u00e2y B\u1eafc Vi\u1ec7t Nam C. th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i \u00e2m m\u01b0u c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p trong vi\u1ec7c k\u00e9o d\u00e0i v\u00e0 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng chi\u1ebfn tranh D. Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng v\u00f9ng T\u00e2y B\u1eafc, l\u00e0m ph\u00e1 s\u1ea3n ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n K\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch \u0110\u1edd L\u00e1t \u0111\u1edd T\u00e1t-xi-nhi C\u00e2u 12: M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng l\u00ed do khi\u1ebfn c\u1ea3 ta v\u00e0 Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u1ecdn \u0110i\u1ec7n Bi\u00ean Ph\u1ee7 l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec3m quy\u1ebft chi\u1ebfn chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 A. \u0110i\u1ec7n Bi\u00ean Ph\u1ee7 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecba h\u00ecnh r\u1eebng n\u00fai, thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i cho t\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn 237","B. \u0110i\u1ec7n Bi\u00ean Ph\u1ee7 c\u00f3 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c quan tr\u1ecdng C. \u0110i\u1ec7n Bi\u00ean Ph\u1ee7 l\u00e0 n\u01a1i t\u1eadp trung binh l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 ta v\u00e0 Ph\u00e1p. D. \u0110i\u1ec7n Bi\u00ean Ph\u1ee7 gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 v\u1ec1 t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean C\u00e2u 13: \u1ede t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n c\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0110i\u1ec7n Bi\u00ean Ph\u1ee7, s\u1edf ch\u1ec9 huy c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t t\u1ea1i A. Ph\u00e2n khu B\u1eafc B. Ph\u00e2n khu Nam C. Ph\u00e2n khu Trung t\u00e2m D. Ph\u00e2n khu B\u1eafc v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n khu Nam C\u00e2u 14: Chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch \u0110i\u1ec7n Bi\u00ean Ph\u1ee7 di\u1ec5n ra trong bao nhi\u00eau \u0111\u1ee3t? A. 2 \u0111\u1ee3t B. 5 \u0111\u1ee3t C. 4 \u0111\u1ee3t D. 3 \u0111\u1ee3t C\u00e2u 15: Trong \u0111\u1ee3t 1 c\u1ee7a chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch \u0110i\u1ec7n Bi\u00ean Ph\u1ee7, qu\u00e2n ta ti\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t A. to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n khu trung t\u00e2m B. ph\u00e2n khu trung t\u00e2m v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n khu Nam C. c\u0103n c\u1ee9 Him Lam v\u00e0 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n khu B\u1eafc D. c\u00e1c c\u0103n c\u1ee9 ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a ph\u00e2n khu trung t\u00e2m C\u00e2u 16: Trong chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch \u0110i\u00ean Bi\u00ean Ph\u1ee7 n\u0103m 1954, ta \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u01b0\u1edbng Ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o? A. \u0110\u1edd C\u00e1t-xt\u01a1-ri B. R\u01a1-ve C. B\u00f4-la-e D. Na-va C\u00e2u 17: T\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng \u0110i\u1ec7n Bi\u00ean Ph\u1ee7 n\u0103m 1954 \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn ngo\u1ea1i giao l\u00e0 g\u00ec? A. T\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i cho ta \u1edf H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb Gi\u01a1-ne-v\u01a1 v\u1ec1 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t chi\u1ebfn tranh \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng B. Kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam trong quan h\u1ec7 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf C. C\u1ed5 v\u0169 phong tr\u00e0o gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi D. L\u00e0m suy y\u1ebfu ti\u1ec1m l\u1ef1c qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng c\u1ee7a M\u0129 C\u00e2u 18: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7u ph\u00e1i \u0111o\u00e0n Vi\u1ec7t Nam tham d\u1ef1 H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb Gi\u01a1-ne-v\u01a1 l\u00e0 A. Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Chinh. B. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh C. V\u00f5 Nguy\u00ean Gi\u00e1p D. Ph\u1ea1m V\u0103n \u0110\u1ed3ng 238","C\u00e2u 19: Th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n v\u1edbi ta \u1edf H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb Gi\u01a1-ne-v\u01a1 l\u00e0 do A. Ph\u00e1p th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp tr\u00ean chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 \u1edf \u0110i\u1ec7n Bi\u00ean Ph\u1ee7 B. s\u1ee9c \u00e9p t\u1eeb Li\u00ean X\u00f4 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u00f4ng \u00c2u C. th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p b\u1ecb c\u00f4 l\u1eadp \u1edf \u0110i\u1ec7n Bi\u00ean Ph\u1ee7 D. d\u01b0 lu\u1eadn nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh \u1edf \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p C\u00e2u 20: N\u0103m v\u1ecb tr\u00ed t\u1eadp trung qu\u00e2n c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p sau cu\u1ed9c Ti\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110\u00f4ng - Xu\u00e2n 1953 - 1954 c\u1ee7a ta th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i l\u00e0 A. \u0110i\u1ec7n Bi\u00ean Ph\u1ee7, X\u00ean\u00f4, Pl\u00e2ycu, Lu\u00f4ng Pha-bang, M\u01b0\u1eddng S\u00e0i B. \u0110i\u1ec7n Bi\u00ean Ph\u1ee7, X\u00ean\u00f4, Pl\u00e2ycu, s\u1ea7m N\u01b0a, Phong-Sa-L\u00ec C. \u0110i\u1ec7n Bi\u00ean Ph\u1ee7, Th\u00e0 Kh\u1eb9t, Pl\u00e2ycu, Lu\u00f4ng Pha-bang, X\u00ean\u00f4 D. \u0110\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng B\u1eafc B\u1ed9, \u0110i\u1ec7n Bi\u00ean Ph\u1ee7, X\u00ean\u00f4, Lu\u00f4ng Pha-bang, Pl\u00e2ycu C\u00e2u 21: N\u1ed9i dung n\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch \u0110i\u00ean Bi\u00ean Ph\u1ee7 1954 A. Ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 tr\u00ean ph\u1ea1m vi c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc B. L\u00e0m ph\u00e1 s\u1ea3n ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n K\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch Na-va c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 M\u0129 C. Gi\u00e1ng \u0111\u00f2n quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0o \u00fd ch\u00ed x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p D. T\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i cho cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh ngo\u1ea1i giao t\u1ea1i Gi\u01a1-ne-v\u01a1 C\u00e2u 22: Th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a ta \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eadp tan ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n K\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch Na-va c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p? A. Th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i \u1edf Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng L\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u n\u0103m 1954 B. Cu\u1ed9c Ti\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110\u00f4ng \u2014 Xu\u00e2n 1953 \u2014 1954 C. Hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh Gi\u01a1-ne-v\u01a1 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00ed k\u1ebft D. Chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0110i\u1ec7n Bi\u00ean Ph\u1ee7 n\u0103m 1954 C\u00e2u 23: Hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh Gi\u01a1-ne-v\u01a1 l\u00e0 v\u0103n b\u1ea3n ph\u00e1p l\u00ed qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf ghi nh\u1eadn c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n g\u00ec cho ba n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng? A. Quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, t\u1ef1 do B. C\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n C. Quy\u1ec1n t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u1ed5ng tuy\u1ec3n c\u1eed t\u1ef1 do 239","D. Quy\u1ec1n t\u1eadp k\u1ebft, chuy\u1ec3n qu\u00e2n theo gi\u1edbi tuy\u1ebfn qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi C\u00e2u 24: Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ef1 th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p (1945 -1954) l\u00e0 A. s\u1ef1 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng, Ch\u00ednh Ph\u1ee7, \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh B. truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc, anh h\u00f9ng b\u1ea5t khu\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c m\u1ed7i khi c\u00f3 gi\u1eb7c ngo\u1ea1i x\u00e2m C. c\u0103n c\u1ee9 h\u1eadu ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc v\u00e0 kh\u1ed1i \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft to\u00e0n d\u00e2n D. t\u00ecnh \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ba n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng C\u00e2u 25: C\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1eadn t\u1ea1i Hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh Gi\u01a1-ne-v\u01a1 cho 3 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0 A. t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7, \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, t\u1ef1 do, th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t, to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 B. \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, t\u1ef1 do, kh\u00f4ng can thi\u1ec7p v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a nhau C. \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n, th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t, to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 D. \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n, to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 C\u00e2u 26: H\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a Hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh Gi\u01a1-ne-v\u01a1 n\u0103m 1954 v\u1ec1 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t chi\u1ebfn tranh, l\u1eadp l\u1ea1i h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh \u1edf \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00e0 A. ta m\u1edbi gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc B. ch\u01b0a gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00f9ng n\u00e0o \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ta C. ch\u1ec9 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mi\u1ec1n Nam D. m\u1edbi gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00f9ng T\u00e2y B\u1eafc C\u00e2u 27: T\u1ea1i sao cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh tr\u00ean b\u00e0n H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb Gi\u01a1-ne-v\u01a1 v\u1ec1 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t chi\u1ebfn tranh, l\u1eadp l\u1ea1i h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh \u1edf \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec5n ra gay g\u1eaft v\u00e0 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p? A. Do t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi di\u1ec5n ra c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng B. Do l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng ngoan c\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p. C. Do l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng ngoan c\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a M\u0129. D. Do l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng ngoan c\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p - M\u0129 C\u00e2u 28: T\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a Hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh Gi\u01a1-ne-v\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00e0 A. Ph\u00e1p bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t chi\u1ebfn tranh x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c, r\u00fat h\u1ebft qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i v\u1ec1 n\u01b0\u1edbc B. M\u0129 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n can thi\u1ec7p v\u00e0o Vi\u1ec7t Nam C. ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 phong ki\u1ebfn Vi\u1ec7t Nam s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n D. c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh trong c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc \uf0d8 C\u00c2U H\u1eceI T\u1ef0 LU\u1eacN 240","C\u00e2u 1. Qua b\u1ea3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u sau \u0111\u00e2y, h\u00e3y l\u00e0m r\u00f5 c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1. Th\u1eddi gian S\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n 1947 Chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng Vi\u1ec7t B\u1eafc thu - \u0111\u00f4ng 1950 Chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng Bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi thu - \u0111\u00f4ng 1954 Chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0110i\u1ec7n Bi\u00ean Ph\u1ee7 C\u00e2u 2. V\u00ec sao \u0110\u1ea3ng Lao \u0111\u1ed9ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1edf chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch \u0110i\u1ec7n Bi\u00ean Ph\u1ee7? N\u00eau k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng \u0111\u00f3. C\u00e2u 3. T\u00f3m t\u1eaft nh\u1eefng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ngo\u1ea1i giao c\u1ee7a Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam D\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a t\u1eeb th\u00e1ng 12\/1946 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e1ng 7\/1954. C\u00e2u 4. Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ebft th\u00fac cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng Ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam (1945-1954). C\u00e2u 5. Trong kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p 1945 - 1954, m\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1, m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? N\u00eau vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a m\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng Ph\u00e1p. C\u00e2u 6. Th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng Ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam theo b\u1ea3ng sau: N\u1ed9i dung K\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 \u00c2m m\u01b0u c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p Th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p (t\u00ean, th\u1eddi gian) Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00e0m ph\u00e1 s\u1ea3n k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p (T\u00ean, th\u1eddi gian, \u00fd ngh\u0129a) K\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e1nh nhanh K\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch R\u01a1-ve (1949) K\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch \u0110\u1edd L\u00e1t \u0111\u1edd K\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch Na-va (th\u00e1ng 5\/1953) \u0110\u00c1P \u00c1N V\u00c0 L\u1edcI GI\u1ea2I B\u1ea2I T\u1eacP T\u1ef0 LUY\u1ec6N C\u00c2U H\u1eceI TR\u1eaeC NGHI\u1ec6M 241","1-C 2-A 3-B 4-C 5-C 6-A 7-B 8-D 9-A 10-B 11-A 12-B 13-C 14-D 15-C 16-A 17-A 18-D 19-A 20-D 21-A 22-D 23-B 24-A 25-C 26-A 27-D 28-A C\u00c2U H\u1eceI T\u1ef0 LU\u1eacN C\u00e2u 1. Qua b\u1ea3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u sau \u0111\u00e2y, h\u00e3y l\u00e0m r\u00f5 c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1. Chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch Vi\u1ec7t B\u1eafc thu - \u0111\u00f4ng 1947. - Ph\u00e1p ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u00e2m m\u01b0u \u201c\u0111\u00e1nh nhanh, th\u1eafng nhanh\u201d v\u00e0 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng c\u0103n c\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ecba Vi\u1ec7t B\u1eafc nh\u1eb1m xo\u00e1 b\u1ecf c\u0103n c\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ecba, ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t c\u01a1 quan \u0111\u1ea7u n\u00e3o kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 qu\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 l\u1ef1c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng, ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng li\u00ean l\u1ea1c gi\u1eefa ta v\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, gi\u00e0nh th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 nhanh ch\u00f3ng k\u1ebft th\u00fac chi\u1ebfn tranh. - Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb c\u1ee7a Ban Th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1ee5 Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ea3ng \u201cPh\u1ea3i ph\u00e1 tan cu\u1ed9c ti\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p\u201d. T\u1eeb ng\u00e0y 7\/10 \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y 19\/12\/1947, qu\u00e2n d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ph\u1ea3n c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ecbch, b\u1ebb g\u00e3y hai g\u1ecdng k\u00ecm \u0110\u00f4ng v\u00e0 T\u00e2y c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang, bu\u1ed9c ch\u00fang ph\u1ea3i r\u00fat ch\u1ea1y kh\u1ecfi Vi\u1ec7t B\u1eafc. - L\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch ph\u1ea3n c\u00f4ng l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean trong cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p gi\u00e0nh th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i; l\u00e0m th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u201c\u0111\u00e1nh nhanh, th\u1eafng nhanh\u201d c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p; B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u0103n c\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ecba v\u00e0 c\u01a1 quan \u0111\u1ea7u n\u00e3o kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn, l\u00e0 m\u1ed1c kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong so s\u00e1nh l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i cho cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a ta, \u0111\u01b0a cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c ch\u1ed1ng Ph\u00e1p chuy\u1ec3n sang giai \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u1edbi. Chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch Bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi thu - \u0111\u00f4ng n\u0103m 1950 - B\u01b0\u1edbc sang 1950, t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 trong n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u bi\u1ebfn chuy\u1ec3n, M\u0129 t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc can thi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc \u201cd\u00ednh l\u00edu tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp\u201d v\u00e0o cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng. Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n K\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch R\u01a1-ve, Ph\u00e1p chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb ti\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng c\u0103n c\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ecba Vi\u1ec7t B\u1eafc l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 2. - Th\u00e1ng 6\/1950, Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1edf chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch Bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi, nh\u1eb1m ti\u00eau hao m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn sinh l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ecbch; khai th\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng sang Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi; m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 c\u0103n c\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ecba Vi\u1ec7t B\u1eafc. - Chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch di\u1ec5n ra t\u1eeb ng\u00e0y 16\/9\/1950 \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y 22\/10\/1950, gi\u00e0nh th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i. Ta \u0111\u00e3 ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn quan tr\u1ecdng sinh l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ecbch, gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn, khai th\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng sang Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng c\u0103n c\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ecba Vi\u1ec7t B\u1eafc. 242","- \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch ti\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean qu\u00e2n v\u00e0 d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam trong kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng Ph\u00e1p, ta gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy\u1ec1n ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ean chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00ednh B\u1eafc B\u1ed9, \u0111\u1ea9y \u0111\u1ecbch c\u00e0ng l\u00f9i s\u00e2u v\u00e0o th\u1ebf b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed9ng, \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3, m\u1edf ra b\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn. Chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch \u0110i\u1ec7n Bi\u00ean Ph\u1ee7 - \u0110\u1ee9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc nguy c\u01a1 K\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch Na-va ph\u00e1 s\u1ea3n, Ph\u00e1p - M\u0129 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0110i\u1ec7n Bi\u00ean Ph\u1ee7 th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n c\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u1ea1nh nh\u1ea5t \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng, s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c quy\u1ebft chi\u1ebfn chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y. - \u0110\u1ea7u th\u00e1ng 12\/1953, B\u1ed9 Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb Ban Ch\u1ea5p h\u00e0nh Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ea3ng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1edf chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch \u0110i\u1ec7n Bi\u00ean Ph\u1ee7. - Chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch \u0110i\u1ec7n Bi\u00ean Ph\u1ee7 di\u1ec5n ra qua ba \u0111\u1ee3t t\u1eeb ng\u00e0y 13\/3 \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y 7\/5\/1954 gi\u00e0nh th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n. - L\u00e0 th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n v\u00e0 d\u00e2n ta trong cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p. Th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0110i\u1ec7n Bi\u00ean Ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eadp tan ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n K\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch Na-va, gi\u00e1ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00f2n quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0o \u00fd ch\u00ed x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p, l\u00e0m xoay chuy\u1ec3n c\u1ee5c di\u1ec7n chi\u1ebfn tranh \u1edf \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i cho cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn ngo\u1ea1i giao gi\u00e0nh th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i. C\u00e2u 2. V\u00ec sao \u0110\u1ea3ng Lao \u0111\u1ed9ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1edf chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch \u0110i\u1ec7n Bi\u00ean Ph\u1ee7? N\u00eau k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng \u0111\u00f3. \u0110\u1ea3ng Lao \u0111\u1ed9ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1edf chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch \u0110i\u1ec7n Bi\u00ean Ph\u1ee7 v\u00ec - Do \u0110i\u1ec7n Bi\u00ean Ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh kh\u00e2u ch\u00ednh trong K\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch Na-va, n\u00ean mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n K\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch Na-va, l\u00e0m ti\u00eau tan \u00fd ch\u00ed th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n, l\u00e0m s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 hi v\u1ecdng gi\u00e0nh th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p, qu\u00e2n v\u00e0 d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam ph\u1ea3i ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n c\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0110i\u1ec7n Bi\u00ean Ph\u1ee7. - \u0110\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 1953, h\u1eadu ph\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 v\u1eefng m\u1ea1nh, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 s\u1ee9c ng\u01b0\u1eddi, s\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a cho ti\u1ec1n tuy\u1ebfn, l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean X\u00f4 v\u00e0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c. Qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh, c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 tinh th\u1ea7n v\u00e0 l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o cho vi\u1ec7c gi\u00e0nh th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i \u1edf \u0110i\u1ec7n Bi\u00ean Ph\u1ee7, m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn, d\u00e0i ng\u00e0y nh\u1ea5t trong cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn. - N\u0103m 1953, c\u00e1c v\u1ee5 xung \u0111\u1ed9t tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh. Trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi v\u1edbi ti\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1, ta \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ea5u tranh ngo\u1ea1i giao, m\u1edf ra kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng k\u1ebft th\u00fac chi\u1ebfn tranh b\u1eb1ng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh. Song ta c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh. V\u00ec v\u1eady, \u0111\u1ea7u th\u00e1ng 243","12\/1953, B\u1ed9 Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ea3ng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1edf chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch \u0110i\u1ec7n Bi\u00ean Ph\u1ee7. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 c\u1ea3 Ph\u00e1p - M\u0129 kh\u00f4ng l\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch \u0110i\u1ec7n Bi\u00ean Ph\u1ee7 - K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3: T\u1ea1i m\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn \u0110i\u1ec7n Bi\u00ean Ph\u1ee7, ta \u0111\u00e3 lo\u1ea1i kh\u1ecfi v\u00f2ng chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u 16.200 \u0111\u1ecbch, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 1 thi\u1ebfu t\u01b0\u1edbng, b\u1eafn r\u01a1i 62 m\u00e1y bay c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i, thu to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 v\u0169 kh\u00ed v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n chi\u1ebfn tranh. - \u00dd ngh\u0129a: + \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t trong cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng Ph\u00e1p (1946 - 1954), \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eadp tan ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n K\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch Na-va, gi\u00e1ng \u0111\u00f2n quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0o \u00fd ch\u00ed x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p, l\u00e0m xoay chuy\u1ec3n c\u1ee5c di\u1ec7n chi\u1ebfn tranh \u1edf \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng, t\u1ea1o c\u01a1 s\u1edf th\u1ef1c l\u1ef1c v\u1ec1 qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 cho cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh ngo\u1ea1i giao gi\u00e0nh th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i. + Chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng \u0110i\u1ec7n Bi\u00ean Ph\u1ee7 c\u1ed5 v\u0169 tinh th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea5u tranh c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba \u00c1, Phi v\u00e0 M\u0129 Latinh ch\u1ed1ng ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c. C\u00e2u 3. T\u00f3m t\u1eaft nh\u1eefng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ngo\u1ea1i giao c\u1ee7a Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 N\u01b0\u1ee9e Vi\u1ec7t Ham D\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a t\u1eeb th\u00e1ng 12\/1946 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e1ng 7\/1954. Ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a ho\u00e3n \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng trong n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7u sau C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng th\u00e1ng T\u00e1m (1945) - \u0110\u1ea3ng, Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u00f2a ho\u00e3n v\u1edbi Trung Hoa D\u00e2n qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 b\u1ecdn tay sai c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u k\u1ebb th\u00f9, nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p quay l\u1ea1i x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c Nam B\u1ed9. - Ban Th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1ee5 Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ea3ng ch\u1ecdn gi\u1ea3i Ph\u00e1p \u201cH\u00f2a \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn\u201d: + Ng\u00e0y 6\/3\/1946, Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh k\u00ed v\u1edbi G. Xanht\u01a1ni, \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Ph\u00e1p, b\u1ea3n Hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh S\u01a1 b\u1ed9, th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn vi\u1ec7c qu\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p ra mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc l\u00e0m nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 gi\u1ea3i gi\u00e1p qu\u00e2n Nh\u1eadt. \u0110\u1ec3 c\u1ee9u v\u00e3n n\u1ec1n h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh, ng\u00e0y 14\/9\/1946, Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh k\u00ed v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Ph\u00e1p b\u1ea3n T\u1ea1m \u01b0\u1edbc. + Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n s\u00e1ch l\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00f2a v\u1edbi Ph\u00e1p, ta \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u b\u1ea5t l\u1ee3i, c\u00f3 th\u00eam th\u1eddi gian h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 tranh th\u1ee7 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00ecnh \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. M\u1edf r\u1ed9ng quan h\u1ec7 ngo\u1ea1i giao, tranh th\u1ee7 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi 244","- Cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00ecnh \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, v\u1edbi thi\u1ec7n ch\u00ed h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh, th\u00e1ng 1\/1950, Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng \u0111\u1eb7t quan h\u1ec7 ngo\u1ea1i giao v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc. - T\u1eeb th\u00e1ng 1\/1950, Trung Qu\u1ed1c, Li\u00ean X\u00f4 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t quan h\u1ec7 ngo\u1ea1i giao v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng Ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 th\u00eam h\u1eadu ph\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1edbi l\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc XHCN. - Ng\u00e0y 11\/3\/1951, M\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn Li\u00ean Vi\u1ec7t, M\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn Kh\u01a1-me Itxr\u1eafc v\u00e0 M\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn L\u00e0o Itxala h\u1ecdp h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp \u201cLi\u00ean minh nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t - Mi\u00ean - L\u00e0o\u201d. Hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh Gi\u01a1-ne-v\u01a1 n\u0103m 1954 v\u1ec1 k\u1ebft th\u00fac chi\u1ebfn tranh \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng - Ng\u00e0y 7\/5\/1954, chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch \u0110i\u1ec7n Bi\u00ean Ph\u1ee7 k\u1ebft th\u00fac, gi\u00e1ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00f2n quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0o \u00fd ch\u00ed x\u00e2m l\u0103ng c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 can thi\u1ec7p M\u0129, t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cho \u0111\u1ea5u tranh ngo\u1ea1i giao c\u1ee7a ta. Ng\u00e0y 21\/7\/1954, Hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh Gi\u01a1-ne-v\u01a1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00ed k\u1ebft. - Quy\u1ec1n d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a ba n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam, L\u00e0o v\u00e0 Cam-pu-chia \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1eadn trong Hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh Gi\u01a1- ne-v\u01a1 n\u0103m 1954 v\u1ec1 \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0: \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n, th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5. - Hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh Gi\u01a1-ne-v\u01a1 1954 c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng \u0110i\u1ec7n Bi\u00ean Ph\u1ee7 k\u1ebft th\u00fac th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng Ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam, mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng. - L\u00e0 m\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng Ph\u00e1p 1945 - 1954 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam. C\u00e2u 4. Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng th\u1eafng S\u1ee3i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ebft th\u00fac cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng Ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam (1945 -1954). Th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ebft th\u00fac cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn - V\u1ec1 qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1. Chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch \u0110i\u1ec7n Bi\u00ean Ph\u1ee7 th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eadp tan ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n K\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch Na- va, gi\u00e1ng \u0111\u00f2n quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0o \u00fd ch\u00ed x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n ph\u00e1p, l\u00e0m xoay chuy\u1ec3n c\u1ee5c di\u1ec7n chi\u1ebfn tranh \u1edf \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng. - V\u1ec1 ngo\u1ea1i giao: Hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh Gi\u01a1-ne-v\u01a1 n\u0103m 1954 v\u1ec1 \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00ed k\u1ebft, c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam, L\u00e0o v\u00e0 Cam-pu-chia. Qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i Ph\u00e1p ph\u1ea3i r\u00fat kh\u1ecfi \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng. * M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 - Ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng l\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n k\u1ebft th\u00fac chi\u1ebfn tranh b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh. Song th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u1ec9 ch\u1ecbu th\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng khi ch\u00fang b\u1ecb th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1. 245","- Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n k\u1ebft th\u00fac cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn, \u0111\u1ea5u tranh qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5u tranh ngo\u1ea1i giao c\u00f3 quan h\u1ec7 m\u1eadt thi\u1ebft v\u1edbi nhau, t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng qua l\u1ea1i l\u1eabn nhau v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1u nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau chung l\u00e0 gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c v\u00e0 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc. - Th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 lu\u00f4n gi\u1eef vai tr\u00f2 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh, l\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf cho \u0111\u1ea5u tranh ngo\u1ea1i giao. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n trong tr\u1eadn quy\u1ebft chi\u1ebfn chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110i\u1ec7n Bi\u00ean Ph\u1ee7 th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i t\u1ea1i H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb Gi\u01a1-ne-v\u01a1. - \u0110\u1ea5u tranh ngo\u1ea1i giao d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5u tranh qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1, ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5u tranh qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1, ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i tr\u00ean chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 xu th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh. C\u00e2u 5. Trong kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p 1945 -1954, m\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1, m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? N\u00eau vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a m\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng Ph\u00e1p. Trong kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng Ph\u00e1p 1945-1954, m\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1, m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng - Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m: m\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang, \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft c\u00e1c t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n trong \u0111\u1ea5u tranh ch\u1ed1ng k\u1ebb th\u00f9 chung v\u00e0 trong c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc. - B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh M\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn Vi\u1ec7t Minh, ng\u00e0y 29\/5\/1946, H\u1ed9i Li\u00ean hi\u1ec7p qu\u1ed1c d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam (H\u1ed9i Li\u00ean Vi\u1ec7t) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng kh\u1ed1i \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft to\u00e0n d\u00e2n... - 6\/1949, Vi\u1ec7t minh v\u00e0 H\u1ed9i Li\u00ean Vi\u1ec7t quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ti\u1ebfn t\u1edbi th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t hai t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u1eeb c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111\u1ebfn Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng... - 3\/3\/1951, Vi\u1ec7t Minh v\u00e0 H\u1ed9i Li\u00ean Vi\u1ec7t h\u1ecdp \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t hai t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn duy nh\u1ea5t - M\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn Li\u00ean hi\u1ec7p qu\u1ed1c d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam (M\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn Li\u00ean Vi\u1ec7t) - Th\u00e1ng 3 n\u0103m 1951, M\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn Li\u00ean Vi\u1ec7t, M\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn L\u00e0o, M\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn Kh\u01a1-me h\u1ecdp H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u, th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp \u201cLi\u00ean minh nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t - Mi\u00ean - L\u00e0o\u201d, tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf t\u1ef1 nguy\u1ec7n, b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng v\u00e0 t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a nhau. Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a M\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng Ph\u00e1p - T\u1eadp h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y m\u1ecdi giai c\u1ea5p, t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp v\u00e0o nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 ch\u1ed1ng Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1edbi (kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn, ki\u1ebfn qu\u1ed1c), ... - C\u00f4 l\u1eadp k\u1ebb th\u00f9 (th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 tay sai...). 246","- \u0110o\u00e0n k\u1ebft l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf trong \u0111\u1ea5u tranh ch\u1ed1ng k\u1ebb th\u00f9 chung c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ea1o s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh trong \u0111\u1ea5u tranh ch\u1ed1ng k\u1ebb th\u00f9 chung c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng. C\u00e2u 6. Th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng Ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam theo b\u1ea3ng sau: N\u1ed9i dung K\u1ebf \u00c2m m\u01b0u c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p Th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam ho\u1ea1ch qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 l\u00e0m ph\u00e1 s\u1ea3n k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p (t\u00ean, (T\u00ean, th\u1eddi gian, \u00fd ngh\u0129a) th\u1eddi gian) K\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e1nh \u0110\u00e1nh v\u00e0o c\u00e1c \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb v\u00e0 c\u01a1 Th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i trong cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea7u \u1edf nhanh quan \u0111\u1ea7u n\u00e3o kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn c\u00e1c \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch Vi\u1ec7t B\u1eafc c\u1ee7a ta, nhanh ch\u00f3ng k\u1ebft thu - \u0111\u00f4ng n\u0103m 1947. th\u00fac chi\u1ebfn tranh B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u01a1 quan \u0111\u1ea7u n\u00e3o kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 c\u0103n c\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ecba Vi\u1ec7t B\u1eafc; bu\u1ed9c Ph\u00e1p ph\u1ea3i chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e1nh nhanh th\u1eafng nhanh sang \u0111\u00e1nh l\u00e2u d\u00e0i... K\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch R\u01a1-ve Bao v\u00e2y, c\u00f4 l\u1eadp v\u00e0 chu\u1ea9n Chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch Bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi thu - \u0111\u00f4ng (1949) b\u1ecb ti\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng c\u0103n c\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ecba 1950. Vi\u1ec7t B\u1eafc l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai... Ph\u00e1 th\u1ebf bao v\u00e2y Vi\u1ec7t B\u1eafc. L\u00e0m ph\u00e1 s\u1ea3n K\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch R\u01a1-ve. Ta gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy\u1ec1n ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u00ean chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00ednh B\u1eafc B\u1ed9, m\u1edf ra b\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1edbi cho cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn... K\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch \u0110\u1edd D\u1ef1a v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7n tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a M\u0129, - C\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch: H\u00f2a B\u00ecnh, T\u00e2y L\u00e1t \u0111\u1edd \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh chi\u1ebfn tranh x\u00e2m B\u1eafc, Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng L\u00e0o - gi\u1eef v\u1eefng quy\u1ec1n l\u01b0\u1ee3c, b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00f9ng t\u1ea1m ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecbch tr\u00ean chi\u1ebfn chi\u1ebfm, ph\u1ea3n c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 t\u1ea5n tr\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00ednh B\u1eafc B\u1ed9... c\u00f4ng l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng... - M\u1edf r\u1ed9ng c\u0103n c\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ecba kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn; ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n chi\u1ebfn tranh du k\u00edch... \u2192 L\u00e0m ph\u00e1 s\u1ea3n K\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch \u0110\u1edd L\u00e1t \u0111\u1edd T\u00e1t-xi-nhi. 247","K\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch Na-va X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u01a1 \u0110\u00f4ng - Xu\u00e2n 1953 - 1954 v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn (th\u00e1ng 5\/1953) \u0111\u1ed9ng chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ea1nh, d\u1ecbch l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0110i\u1ec7n Bi\u00ean Ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m gi\u00e0nh th\u1ebf ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng chi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1 s\u1ea3n ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch Na-va, l\u01b0\u1ee3c, xoay chuy\u1ec3n c\u1ee5c bu\u1ed9c Ph\u00e1p ph\u1ea3i k\u00ed Hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh Gi\u01a1- di\u1ec7n chi\u1ebfn tranh, hi v\u1ecdng ne-v\u01a1 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh trong 18 th\u00e1ng k\u1ebft th\u00fac x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng... chi\u1ebfn tranh trong danh d\u1ef1. 248"]