BỒI DƯỠNG HSG SỬ 9

["D. S\u1ef1 ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch gi\u00e0u ngh\u00e8o ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn. C\u00e2u 2. Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n n\u00e0o l\u00e0 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n nh\u1ea5t th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf M\u0129 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nhanh ch\u00f3ng sau Chi\u1ebfn tranh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ee9 hai? A. \u00c1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u c\u1ee7a c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng khoa h\u1ecdc - k\u0129 thu\u1eadt. B. M\u0129 gi\u00e0u l\u00ean nh\u1edd bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n v\u0169 kh\u00ed cho c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc tham chi\u1ebfn. C. T\u00e0i nguy\u00ean thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean phong ph\u00fa. D. T\u1eadp trung s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n cao. C\u00e2u 3. Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n n\u00e0o sau \u0111\u00e2y d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn suy y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf M\u0129 t\u1eeb sau th\u1eadp k\u1ec9 90 c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XX? A. S\u1ef1 v\u01b0\u01a1n l\u00ean c\u1ea1nh tranh c\u1ee7a T\u00e2y \u00c2u v\u00e0 Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n. B. Do vi\u1ec7n tr\u1ee3 cho c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc T\u00e2y \u00e2u. C. Do theo \u0111u\u1ed5i tham v\u1ecdng b\u00e1 ch\u1ee7 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. D. S\u1ef1 gi\u00e0u ngh\u00e8o qu\u00e1 ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch trong c\u00e1c t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. C\u00e2u 4. M\u0129 l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u cu\u1ed9c A. c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. B. c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng k\u0129 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. C. c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng khoa h\u1ecdc - c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7. D. c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin. C\u00e2u 5. Trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1973 - 1982, n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf M\u0129 l\u00e2m v\u00e0o t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng, suy tho\u00e1i ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 do A. t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a phong tr\u00e0o gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. B. t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. C. vi\u1ec7c M\u0129 k\u00fd Hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh Pari n\u0103m 1973 v\u1ec1 Vi\u1ec7t Nam. D. s\u1ef1 c\u1ea1nh tranh c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc T\u00e2y \u00c2u. C\u00e2u 6. M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau bao tr\u00f9m trong ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed1i ngo\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a M\u0129 sau Chi\u1ebfn tranh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ee9 hai l\u00e0 A. l\u00f4i k\u00e9o, kh\u1ed1ng ch\u1ebf c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc T\u00e2y \u00c2u. B. bao v\u00e2y, ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t Li\u00ean X\u00f4 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc XHCN. C. \u0111\u00e0n \u00e1p phong tr\u00e0o c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. D. th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u201cchi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u\u201d. 51","C\u00e2u 7. M\u0129 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf n\u00e0o sau \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec1 ra \u201cChi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u\u201d? A. S\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n T\u00e2y \u00c2u. B. S\u1ef1 c\u1ea1nh tranh quy\u1ebft li\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a T\u00e2y \u00c2u v\u00e0 Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n. C. S\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a phong tr\u00e0o gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. D. Ti\u1ec1m l\u1ef1c kinh t\u1ebf, qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 v\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc k\u0129 thu\u1eadt v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i. C\u00e2u 8. Th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1 nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a M\u0129 trong vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u201cchi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u\u201d bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n qua th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a A. c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Trung Qu\u1ed1c n\u0103m 1949. B. c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam n\u0103m 1975. C. c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng \u1edf Cu-ba n\u0103m 1959. D. c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o \u1edf lran n\u0103m 1979. C\u00e2u 9. Sau khi Chi\u1ebfn tranh l\u1ea1nh k\u1ebft th\u00fac, M\u0129 c\u00f3 tham v\u1ecdng n\u00e0o sau \u0111\u00e2y? A. Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed1i ngo\u1ea1i trung l\u1eadp. B. V\u01b0\u01a1n l\u00ean chi ph\u1ed1i, l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. C. D\u00f9ng s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh kinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 thao t\u00fang th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. D. Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec1 ra chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u m\u1edbi. C\u00e2u 10. M\u0129 \u0111\u00e3 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 x\u00f3a b\u1ecf c\u1ea5m v\u1eadn v\u00e0 b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00f3a quan h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0o? A. N\u0103m 1976. B. N\u0103m 1994. C. N\u0103m 2004. D. N\u0103m 2006. C\u00e2u 11. Sau Chi\u1ebfn tranh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ee9 hai, Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n A. ch\u1ecbu t\u1ed1n th\u1ea5t n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1. B. gi\u00e0u l\u00ean nhanh ch\u00f3ng. C. b\u1ecb l\u1ec7 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o Anh. D. c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba. C\u00e2u 12. Trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1945 - 1952, cu\u1ed9c c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o sau \u0111\u00e2y c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e3 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n l\u00e0m n\u00ean s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u201cth\u1ea7n k\u00ec\u201d c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n trong th\u1eadp k\u1ec9 60-70 c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XX? A. C\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch ru\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t. B. Gi\u1ea3i t\u00e1n c\u00e1c \u201cDaibatx\u01b0\u201d. 52","C. D\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 h\u00f3a lao \u0111\u1ed9ng. D. C\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c. C\u00e2u 13. Bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n n\u00e0o sau \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u201cth\u1ea7n k\u00ec\u201d c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1960-1973? A. S\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p chi\u1ebfm h\u01a1n 50% t\u1ed5ng s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. B. Tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ed1c kinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ee9ng th\u1ee9 hai trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n (sau M\u0129). C. T\u1eeb th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 70 Nh\u1eadt tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t trong ba trung t\u00e2m kinh t\u1ebf t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. D. T\u1eeb n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ea1i tr\u1eadn, kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n thi\u1ebfu th\u1ed1n, Nh\u1eadt v\u01b0\u01a1n l\u00ean th\u00e0nh si\u00eau c\u01b0\u1eddng kinh t\u1ebf. C\u00e2u 14. Trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 60 c\u1ee7a th\u00ea k\u1ec9 XX, s\u1ef1 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u201cth\u1ea7n k\u00ec\u201d v\u00ec A. t\u1eeb n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ea1i tr\u1eadn \u0111\u00e3 v\u01b0\u01a1n l\u00ean th\u00e0nh si\u00eau c\u01b0\u1eddng kinh t\u1ebf. B. t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n v\u01b0\u1ee3t xa M\u0129 v\u00e0 T\u00e2y \u00c2u. C. \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u1ec1 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m d\u00e2n d\u1ee5ng. D. l\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m kinh t\u1ebf t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh duy nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. C\u00e2u 15. Nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1eabn t\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a \u201cth\u1ea7n k\u00ec\u201d Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n l\u00e0 A. coi tr\u1ecdng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc - k\u0129 thu\u1eadt. B. ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u1ed1n ra n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i. C. thu h\u00fat v\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 t\u1eeb b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. D. b\u00e1n c\u00e1c b\u1eb1ng ph\u00e1t minh, s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf. C\u00e2u 16. Nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0o gi\u00fap Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n v\u01b0\u01a1n l\u00ean tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh si\u00eau c\u01b0\u1eddng kinh t\u1ebf? A. Vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o, qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc. B. Chi ph\u00ed cho qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng r\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p. C. Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 v\u1ed1n qu\u00fd nh\u1ea5t. D. \u00c1p d\u1ee5ng th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u khoa h\u1ecdc - k\u0129 thu\u1eadt. C\u00e2u 17. \u0110i\u1ec3m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt trong chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n sau Chi\u1ebfn tranh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ee9 hai \u0111\u1ebfn nay l\u00e0 A. \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p n\u1eb7ng v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m. 53","B. t\u1eadp trung ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p d\u00e2n d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao. C. ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 v\u00e0 h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n. D. \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u1ed1n cho vi\u1ec7c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t minh khoa h\u1ecdc-k\u0129 thu\u1eadt. C\u00e2u 18. T\u1eeb s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n trong ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf th\u1eadp k\u1ec9 60-70 c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XX, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 r\u00fat ra b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc kinh nghi\u1ec7m n\u00e0o cho Vi\u1ec7t Nam trong c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc hi\u1ec7n nay? A. \u00c1p d\u1ee5ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u khoa h\u1ecdc - c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0o s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. B. \u0110\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ec3 mua b\u1eb1ng ph\u00e1t minh khoa h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n. C. K\u00eau g\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n vi\u1ec7n tr\u1ee3 kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ed1c. D. T\u1eadp trung to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p d\u00e2n d\u1ee5ng. C\u00e2u 19. \u201cK\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch M\u00e1c-san\u201d (1948) c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch A. Ph\u1ee5c h\u01b0ng ch\u00e2u \u00c2u. B. C\u1ea1nh tranh ch\u00e2u \u00c2u. C. Ph\u1ee5c h\u01b0ng kinh t\u1ebf ch\u00e2u \u00c2u. D. Ph\u1ee5c h\u01b0ng kinh t\u1ebf T\u00e2y \u00c2u. C\u00e2u 20. M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a M\u0129 khi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u201cK\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch M\u00e1c-san\u201d sau Chi\u1ebfn tranh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ee9 hai l\u00e0 A. t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc \u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n ki\u1ec3u m\u1edbi \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c2u. B. t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc T\u00e2y \u00c2u v\u00e0o li\u00ean minh qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 ch\u1ed1ng Li\u00ean X\u00f4. C. th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh li\u00ean k\u1ebft kinh t\u1ebf - ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb \u1edf khu v\u1ef1c T\u00e2y \u00c2u. D. xoa d\u1ecbu m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba v\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc T\u00e2y \u00c2u. C\u00e2u 21. M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a M\u0129 khi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u201cK\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch M\u00e1c-san\u201d sau Chi\u1ebfn tranh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ee9 hai l\u00e0 A. gi\u00fap c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc T\u00e2y \u00c2u ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf. B. t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc \u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n ki\u1ec3u m\u1edbi \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c2u. C. th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh li\u00ean k\u1ebft kinh t\u1ebf - ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb \u1edf khu v\u1ef1c T\u00e2y \u00c2u. D. xoa d\u1ecbu m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba v\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc T\u00e2y \u00c2u. C\u00e2u 22. Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n kh\u00e1ch quan n\u00e0o gi\u00fap c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc T\u00e2y \u00c2u ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c kinh t\u1ebf sau Chi\u1ebfn tranh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ee9 hai? 54","A. S\u1ef1 suy y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean X\u00f4. B. S\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7n tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a M\u0129. C. \u00c1p d\u1ee5ng th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u khoa h\u1ecdc k\u0129 thu\u1eadt. D. Th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i phong tr\u00e0o gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. C\u00e2u 23. Sau Chi\u1ebfn tranh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ee9 hai, y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1eabn t\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc T\u00e2y \u00c2u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u0103ng n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, n\u00e2ng cao ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 h\u1ea1 gi\u00e1 th\u00e0nh s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m l\u00e0 A. c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng khoa h\u1ecdc - k\u0129 thu\u1eadt. B. vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc. C. khai th\u00e1c tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean. D. ngu\u1ed3n v\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a M\u0129. C\u00e2u 24. T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c kinh t\u1ebf - ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb khu v\u1ef1c l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t h\u00e0nh tinh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp t\u1eeb sau Chi\u1ebfn tranh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ee9 hai \u0111\u1ebfn nay l\u00e0 A. ASEAN. B. APEC. C. EU. D. CENTO. C\u00e2u 25. N\u1ed9i dung n\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh \u0111\u00fang nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean minh ch\u00e2u \u00c2u (EU)? A. Nhu c\u1ea7u li\u00ean k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f9ng nhau ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. B. H\u1ee3p t\u00e1c li\u00ean k\u1ebft nh\u1eb1m tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 l\u1ec7 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o M\u0129. C. \u1ea2nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a xu th\u1ebf to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u h\u00f3a. D. Li\u00ean k\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i tr\u1ecdng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a. C\u00e2u 26. S\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp Li\u00ean minh ch\u00e2u \u00c2u (EU) mang l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u0103n b\u1ea3n n\u00e0o cho c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean tham gia? A. Duy tr\u00ec h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh v\u00e0 an ninh th\u00ea gi\u1edbi. B. H\u1ee3p t\u00e1c c\u00f9ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tr\u00ean c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c. C. C\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u1ec1 l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c v\u0103n h\u00f3a. D. T\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ee9c c\u1ea1nh tranh v\u1ec1 qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1. C\u00e2u 27. \u0110i\u1ec3m gi\u1ed1ng nhau c\u1ee7a M\u0129, T\u00e2y \u00c2u v\u00e0 Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n trong th\u1eadp k\u1ec9 70 c\u1ee7a th\u1ec3 k\u1ec9 XX l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u1ecbu t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a A. kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. B. kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng kinh t\u1ebf th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. C. kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng ch\u1ea5t x\u00e1m trong n\u01b0\u1edbc. D. kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. C\u00e2u 28. \u0110i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c nhau v\u1ec1 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc T\u00e2y \u00c2u sau Chi\u1ebfn tranh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ee9 hai l\u00e0 55","A. \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u khoa h\u1ecdc - k\u0129 thu\u1eadt. B. t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng t\u1ed1t c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. C. s\u1ef1 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o, qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc. D. chi ph\u00ed cho qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng th\u1ea5p. C\u00e2u 29. \u0110i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t trong m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi M\u0129 c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc T\u00e2y \u00c2u sau Chi\u1ebfn tranh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ee9 hai l\u00e0 A. \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 c\u1ea1nh tranh quy\u1ebft li\u1ec7t v\u1edbi M\u0129. B. li\u00ean minh ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd v\u1edbi M\u0129. C. t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a M\u0129. D. ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u00e0o M\u0129. C\u00e2u 30. \u0110i\u1ec3m t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng trong ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n v\u00e0 T\u00e2y \u00c2u trong th\u1eadp k\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea7u sau Chi\u1ebfn tranh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ee9 hai l\u00e0 A. nh\u1eadn vi\u1ec7n tr\u1ee3 v\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed3ng minh c\u1ee7a M\u0129. B. nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1ec1 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean X\u00f4. C. th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp c\u00e1c k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c kinh t\u1ebf. D. ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch 5 n\u0103m v\u1ec1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf. C\u00e2u 31. C\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00e2u \u00c2u (EC) v\u00e0 Hi\u1ec7p h\u1ed9i c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia \u0110\u00f4ng Nam \u00c1 (ASEAN) \u0111\u1ec1u ra \u0111\u1eddi trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh A. tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 hai c\u1ef1c Ianta h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh. B. Chi\u1ebfn tranh l\u1ea1nh ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t. C. xu th\u1ebf li\u00ean k\u1ebft khu v\u1ef1c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh. D. tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 Vec-xai - Oa-sinh-t\u01a1n tan r\u00e3. C\u00e2u 32. Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn ba trung t\u00e2m kinh t\u1ebf t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh M\u0129, Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n v\u00e0 T\u00e2y \u00c2u b\u1ecb kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng, suy tho\u00e1i k\u00e9o d\u00e0i trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1973 - 1991 l\u00e0 do A. kinh t\u1ebf M\u0129 suy tho\u00e1i \u0111\u00e3 k\u00e9o theo n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc T\u00e2y \u00c2u. B. t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u0103m 1973. C. s\u1ef1 c\u1ea1nh tranh m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p m\u1edbi. D. s\u1ef1 chi ph\u1ed1i \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 \u201chai c\u1ef1c\u201d I-an-ta v\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c Chi\u1ebfn tranh l\u1ea1nh. C\u00e2u 33. \u0110i\u1ec3m chung v\u1ec1 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a M\u0129, T\u00e2y \u00c2u v\u00e0 Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n sau Chi\u1ebfn tranh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ee9 hai l\u00e0 do A. khai th\u00e1c, b\u00f3c l\u1ed9t t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n c\u00f4ng \u1edf thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba. 56","B. khai th\u00e1c hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean, kho\u00e1ng s\u1ea3n trong n\u01b0\u1edbc. C. mua c\u00e1c ph\u00e1t minh v\u00e0 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. D. c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc. C\u00e2u 34. \u0110i\u1ec3m gi\u1ed1ng nhau v\u1ec1 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, M\u0129 v\u00e0 T\u00e2y \u00c2u sau Chi\u1ebfn tranh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ee9 hai l\u00e0 A. l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng v\u1ed1n n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i, t\u1eadp trung \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh kinh t\u1ebf then ch\u1ed1t. B. \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u c\u1ee7a khoa h\u1ecdc - k\u0129 thu\u1eadt. C. khai th\u00e1c hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean, kho\u00e1ng s\u1ea3n phong ph\u00fa. D. chi ph\u00ed cho qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng v\u00e0 an ninh th\u1ea5p. C\u00e2u 35. \u0110i\u1ec3m gi\u1ed1ng nhau c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a M\u0129, T\u00e2y \u00c2u, Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n t\u1eeb sau nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 50 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2000 \u0111\u1ec1u A. l\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m kinh t\u1ebf - t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. B. kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng kinh t\u1ebf. C. t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng kinh t\u1ebf \u1edf m\u1ee9c hai con s\u1ed1. D. ch\u1ecbu s\u1ef1 c\u1ea1nh tranh c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a. \uf0d8 C\u00c2U H\u1eceI T\u1ef0 LU\u1eacN C\u00e2u 1. Nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n n\u00e0o ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf sau n\u0103m 1945, M\u0129 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n gi\u00e0u m\u1ea1nh nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi? C\u00e2u 2. Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n n\u00e0o gi\u00fap M\u0129 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n gi\u00e0u m\u1ea1nh nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi sau Chi\u1ebfn tranh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ee9 hai? C\u00e2u 3. Tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu v\u1ec1 kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc - k\u0129 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u201cth\u1ea7n k\u1ef3\u201d. Ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u \u00fd ki\u1ebfn v\u1ec1 nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n. C\u00e2u 4. Tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh v\u1ec1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean minh ch\u00e2u \u00c2u (EU). Ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u \u00fd ki\u1ebfn v\u1ec1 vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u00f3 trong n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. \u0110\u00c1P \u00c1N \uf0d8 C\u00c2U H\u1eceI TR\u1eaeC NGHI\u1ec6M 57","1-C 2-A 3-A 4-C 5-B 6-D 7-D 8-B 9-B 10-B 11-A 12-D 13-A 14-A 15-A 16-C 17-B 18-A 19-A 20-B 21-A 22-B 23-A 24-C 25-C 26-B 27-A 28-D 29-B 30-A 31-C 32-B 33-D 34-B 35-A \uf0d8 C\u00c2U H\u1eceI T\u1ef0 LU\u1eacN C\u00e2u 1. Nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n n\u00e0o ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf sau n\u0103m 1945, M\u0129 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n gi\u00e0u m\u1ea1nh nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi? - Sau Chi\u1ebfn tranh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ee9 hai, kinh t\u1ebf M\u0129 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nhanh ch\u00f3ng, tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh trung t\u00e2m kinh t\u1ebf - t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh duy nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n l\u00e0 : + S\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p chi\u1ebfm 56,4% to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. + N\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p g\u1ea5p 2 l\u1ea7n n\u0103m n\u01b0\u1edbc: Anh, Ph\u00e1p, C\u1ed9ng ho\u00e0 Li\u00ean bang \u0110\u1ee9c, I-ta-li- a v\u00e0 Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n c\u1ed9ng l\u1ea1i. + N\u1eafm trong tay 3\/4 d\u1ef1 tr\u1eef v\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 n\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n ch\u00e2u \u00c2u v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c. + V\u1ec1 qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1, M\u0129 n\u1eafm trong tay \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n v\u1ec1 bom nguy\u00ean t\u1eed... - Tuy nhi\u00ean, s\u1ef1 gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u0129 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i chia cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n, b\u1edfi v\u00ec 25% d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 M\u0129 (\u0111a ph\u1ea7n l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi da \u0111en) ph\u1ea3i s\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1ee9c ngh\u00e8o kh\u1ed5. C\u00e2u 2. Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n n\u00e0o gi\u00fap M\u0129 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n gi\u00e0u m\u1ea1nh nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi Chi\u1ebfn tranh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ee9 hai? - Chi\u1ebfn tranh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ee9 hai n\u1ed5 ra trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i cho M\u0129. M\u0129 \u0111\u00e3 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 114 t\u1ec9 \u0111\u00f4la nh\u1edd bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n v\u0169 kh\u00ed, g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y kinh t\u1ebf M\u0129 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nhanh ch\u00f3ng. - Trong khi c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc T\u00e2y \u00c2u l\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a chi\u1ebfn tranh, ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu s\u1ef1 t\u00e0n ph\u00e1 n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1 th\u00ec M\u0129 l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0 b\u00ecnh, nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ch\u1ea1y sang M\u0129 \u0111\u1ec3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u. - M\u0129 \u0111\u00e3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 nhanh ch\u00f3ng nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u khoa h\u1ecdc k\u0129 thu\u1eadt trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111i ti\u00ean phong trong cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng khoa h\u1ecdc k\u0129 thu\u1eadt l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai. - Vai tr\u00f2 \u0111i\u1ec1u ti\u1ebft c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 m\u00e1y nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng, hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti, t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. 58","- L\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 M\u0129 r\u1ed9ng th\u1ee9 t\u01b0 tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean, s\u1ef1 c\u1ea7n c\u00f9 v\u00e0 ch\u0103m ch\u1ec9 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n c\u0169ng l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y kinh t\u1ebf M\u0129 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nhanh ch\u00f3ng. C\u00e2u 4. Tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu v\u1ec1 kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc - k\u0129 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u201cth\u1ea7n k\u1ef3\u201d. Ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u \u00fd ki\u1ebfn v\u1ec1 nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n. a) Tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu v\u1ec1 kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc - k\u0129 thu\u1eadt - Sau khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i, t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1952 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1960 c\u00f3 b\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nhanh, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1960 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1973, l\u00e0 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u201cth\u1ea7n k\u00ec\u201d. - T\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng cao li\u00ean t\u1ee5c, nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi hai con s\u1ed1 (1960 - 1969 l\u00e0 10,8%). Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t si\u00eau c\u01b0\u1eddng kinh t\u1ebf (sau M\u0129). T\u1edbi n\u0103m 1968, Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e3 v\u01b0\u01a1n l\u00ean l\u00e0 c\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ed1c kinh t\u1ebf t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n, \u0111\u1ee9ng th\u1ee9 hai sau M\u0129, tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t trong ba trung t\u00e2m kinh t\u1ebf - t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi (c\u00f9ng M\u0129 v\u00e0 T\u00e2y \u00c2u). - Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t d\u00e2n d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi (tivi, t\u1ee7 l\u1ea1nh, \u00f4t\u00f4...), c\u00e1c t\u00e0u ch\u1edf d\u1ea7u c\u00f3 tr\u1ecdng t\u1ea3i l\u1edbn (1 tri\u1ec7u t\u1eafn), c\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ed9 d\u00e0i 9,4 km n\u1ed1i hai \u0111\u1ea3o H\u00f4nsu v\u00e0 Sic\u00f4c\u01b0... b) Ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u \u00fd ki\u1ebfn v\u1ec1 nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n. - Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o chu \u0111\u00e1o; c\u00f3 \u00fd th\u1ee9c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c k\u1ec9 lu\u1eadt, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trang b\u1ecb ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 nghi\u1ec7p v\u1ee5, c\u1ea7n c\u00f9 v\u00e0 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m, \u00fd th\u1ee9c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng... Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 v\u1ed1n qu\u00ed nh\u1ea5t, l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u. - Vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o, qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n (nh\u01b0 d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh kinh t\u1ebf th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi; bi\u1ebft \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 khoa h\u1ecdc - k\u0129 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0o s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t nh\u1eb1m n\u00e2ng cao n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c c\u1ea1nh tranh h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a, t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng, bi\u1ebft t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n...). - Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp: + Ph\u00e1t huy truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u1ea7n c\u00f9, ch\u0103m ch\u1ec9, chu \u0111\u00e1o, ham h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi, c\u00f3 tinh th\u1ea7n \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft, l\u00f2ng y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00e2u s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam. N\u00ean ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o ngu\u1ed3n nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u00f3 ch\u1eef t\u00edn, c\u00f3 \u00fd th\u1ee9c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, c\u00f3 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ti\u1ebfp thu khoa h\u1ecdc - k\u0129 thu\u1eadt hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. 59","C\u00e2u 4. Tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean minh ch\u00e2u \u00c2u (EU). Ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u \u00fd ki\u1ebfn v\u1ec1 vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u00f3 trong n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. a) Tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean minh ch\u00e2u \u00c2u (EU) - Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh + Sau Chi\u1ebfn tranh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ee9 II, c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc TBCN \u1edf T\u00e2y \u00c2u nh\u1eadn vi\u1ec7n tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a M\u0129, ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i kinh t\u1ebf, c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 v\u1ecb th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh tr\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf. + N\u0103m 1951, s\u00e1u n\u01b0\u1edbc T\u00e2y \u00c2u (Ph\u00e1p, CHLB \u0110\u1ee9c, I-ta-li-a, B\u1ec9, H\u00e0 Lan v\u00e0 L\u00fac- x\u0103m-bua) \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f9ng nhau th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp C\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Than - Th\u00e9p ch\u00e2u \u00c2u (ECSC), n\u0103m 1957, th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp C\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nguy\u00ean t\u1eed ch\u00e2u \u00c2u v\u00e0 C\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng kinh t\u1ebf ch\u00e2u \u00c2u (EEC). + N\u0103m 1967, ba t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c n\u00e0y h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t th\u00e0nh C\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00e2u \u00c2u (EC) v\u00e0 t\u1eeb th\u00e1ng 1\/1993 \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00ean l\u00e0 Li\u00ean minh ch\u00e2u \u00c2u (EU). - M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau: Nh\u1eb1m h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean v\u1ec1 kinh t\u1ebf, ti\u1ec1n t\u1ec7 v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb (x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p, ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed1i ngo\u1ea1i, an ninh chung, Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p chung). - S\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n: + Th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean: T\u1eeb 6 n\u01b0\u1edbc ban \u0111\u1ea7u, \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1995, EU \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh 15 n\u01b0\u1edbc. N\u0103m 2004, k\u1ebft n\u1ea1p th\u00eam 10 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u00f4ng \u00c2u, \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2007 th\u00eam 2 n\u01b0\u1edbc, n\u00e2ng t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean l\u00ean 27 n\u01b0\u1edbc. + EU ra \u0111\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eb1m h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c kinh t\u1ebf, ti\u1ec1n t\u1ec7 m\u00e0 c\u00f2n li\u00ean minh trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb. + Th\u00e1ng 6\/1979, \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec5n ra cu\u1ed9c b\u1ea7u c\u1eed Ngh\u1ecb vi\u1ec7n ch\u00e2u \u00c2u \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean. Th\u00e1ng 3\/1995, b\u1ea3y n\u01b0\u1edbc EU hu\u1ef7 b\u1ecf s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c \u0111i l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y qua bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a nhau. Th\u00e1ng 1\/2002, ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ti\u1ec1n chung EURO. + Li\u00ean minh ch\u00e2u \u00c2u l\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c li\u00ean k\u1ebft ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb - kinh t\u1ebf l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t h\u00e0nh tinh, chi\u1ebfm h\u01a1n 1\/4 GDP c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. b) Ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u \u00fd ki\u1ebfn v\u1ec1 vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u00f3 trong n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi 60","- S\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a C\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng kinh t\u1ebf ch\u00e2u \u00c2u (EEC) \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ed5 v\u0169 s\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u1edf c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a ASEAN. - S\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c v\u1ec1 kinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m cho T\u00e2y \u00c2u tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t trong ba trung t\u00e2m kinh t\u1ebf - t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi chi\u1ebfm h\u01a1n 1\/4 GDP c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, v\u1ecb th\u1ebf kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a trung t\u00e2m ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng, g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn quan h\u1ec7 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf. - Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean EU ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd, t\u1ea1o n\u00ean s\u1ef1 c\u1ea1nh tranh l\u1edbn v\u1edbi M\u0129, Nh\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc NIC... th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc - k\u0129 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i. - Tuy nhi\u00ean, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trung t\u00e2m ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb - kinh t\u1ebf l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t h\u00e0nh tinh, \u0111\u00f4i khi T\u00e2y \u00c2u ch\u01b0a th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1ch quan trong vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c tranh ch\u1ea5p \u1edf khu v\u1ef1c v\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, c\u00f2n ng\u1ea3 theo M\u0129. L\u1ecaCH S\u1eec TH\u1ebe GI\u1edaI CH\u1ee6 \u0110\u1ec0 5: QUAN H\u1ec6 QU\u1ed0C T\u1ebe T\u1eea N\u0102M 1945 \u0110\u1ebeN NAY M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau \uf076 Ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c + Tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh \u201ctr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi hai c\u1ef1c\u201d sau Chi\u1ebfn tranh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ee9 hai v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng h\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. + N\u00eau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh ra \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c Li\u00ean h\u1ee3p qu\u1ed1c. + Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u201cChi\u1ebfn tranh l\u1ea1nh\u201d v\u00e0 n\u00eau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng n\u00e9t ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi sau Chi\u1ebfn tranh l\u1ea1nh. + So s\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Chi\u1ebfn tranh l\u1ea1nh v\u1edbi c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi kh\u00e1c. \uf076 K\u0129 n\u0103ng + X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n. + Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch, so s\u00e1nh, \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n l\u1ecbch s\u1eed. + V\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 quan h\u1ec7 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 trong th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n hi\u1ec7n nay. 61","I. L\u00cd THUY\u1ebeT TR\u1eccNG T\u00c2M S\u1ef0 H\u00ccNH TH\u00c0NH TR\u1eacT T\u1ef0 TH\u1ebe GI\u1edaI M\u1edaI \u2013 TR\u1eacT T\u1ef0 HAI C\u1ef0C IANTA 1. H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb I-an-ta \u2013 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n \u201ct\u1ea1o khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5\u201d cho s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi m\u1edbi a. Ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh tri\u1ec7u t\u1eadp - \u0110\u1ea7u n\u0103m 1945, Chi\u1ebfn tranh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ee9 hai b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o giai \u0111o\u1ea1n cu\u1ed1i. + Nhanh ch\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ea1i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a ph\u00e1t x\u00edt. + T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c l\u1ea1i th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi sau chi\u1ebfn tranh. + Ph\u00e2n chia th\u00e0nh qu\u1ea3 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1eafng tr\u1eadn. - Th\u00e1ng 2\/1945, m\u1ed9t H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec7u t\u1eadp t\u1ea1i I-an-ta (Li\u00ean X\u00f4) v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 tham d\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n ba c\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ed1c M\u0129, Anh, Li\u00ean X\u00f4. b. N\u1ed9i dung h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb - Th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau chung: ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t t\u1eadn g\u1ed1c ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a ph\u00e1t x\u00edt \u0110\u1ee9c v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n phi\u1ec7t Nh\u1eadt. - Th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c Li\u00ean h\u1ee3p qu\u1ed1c nh\u1eb1m duy tr\u00ec h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh v\u00e0 an ninh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. - Th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3ng qu\u00e2n t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n chia ph\u1ea1m vi \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u1eefa M\u0129 v\u00e0 Li\u00ean X\u00f4. + \u1ede ch\u00e2u \u00c1: \uf0b7 Th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean X\u00f4 \u0111\u1ec3 tham chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng Nh\u1eadt. \uf0b7 M\u0129 chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u00f3ng Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n. \uf0b7 \u1ede b\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea3o Tri\u1ec1u Ti\u00ean: Li\u00ean X\u00f4 chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u00f3ng mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc; M\u0129 chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u00f3ng mi\u1ec1n Nam, l\u1ea5y v\u0129 tuy\u1ebfn 38 l\u00e0m ranh gi\u1edbi. \uf0b7 Li\u00ean X\u00f4 v\u00e0 M\u0129 ph\u1ea3i r\u00fat qu\u00e2n kh\u1ecfi Trung Qu\u1ed1c. 62","\uf0b7 \u0110\u00f4ng Nam \u00c1, T\u00e2y \u00c1, Nam \u00c1 thu\u1ed9c \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y. + \u1ede ch\u00e2u \u00c2u: \uf0b7 Li\u00ean X\u00f4 chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u00f3ng mi\u1ec1n \u0110\u00f4ng n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u1ee9c, \u0110\u00f4ng B\u00e9c-lin; \u0110\u00f4ng \u00c2u thu\u1ed9c \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean X\u00f4. \uf0b7 M\u0129, Anh, Ph\u00e1p chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u00f3ng mi\u1ec1n T\u00e2y n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u1ee9c, T\u00e2y B\u00e9c-lin; T\u00e2y \u00c2u thu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea1m vi \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a M\u0129. c. Nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t - Th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n chia khu v\u1ef1c \u0111\u00f3ng qu\u00e2n v\u00e0 ph\u1ea1m vi \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1eafng tr\u1eadn. - Nh\u1eefng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb I-an-ta v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi m\u1edbi \u2013 \u201ctr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 hai c\u1ef1c I-an-ta\u201d \u2192 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi chia th\u00e0nh hai phe \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp: TBCN \u2013 XHCN, do hai si\u00eau c\u01b0\u1eddng M\u0129 \u2013 Li\u00ean X\u00f4 \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ed7i phe. 2. T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c Li\u00ean h\u1ee3p qu\u1ed1c a. Ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp - \u0110\u1ea7u n\u0103m 1945, Chi\u1ebfn tranh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ee9 hai b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o giai \u0111o\u1ea1n k\u1ebft th\u00fac. - Nguy\u1ec7n v\u1ecdng g\u00ecn gi\u1eef h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh, ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n chi\u1ebfn tranh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n. \u2192 Th\u00e1ng 6\/1945, t\u1ea1i Xan Ph-ran-xi-c\u00f4 (M\u0129), \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u 50 n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00f4ng qua Hi\u1ebfn ch\u01b0\u01a1ng, tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c Li\u00ean h\u1ee3p qu\u1ed1c. b. M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng - Duy tr\u00ec h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh, an ninh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. - Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n quan h\u1ec7 h\u1eefu ngh\u1ecb gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c; ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh s\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng, quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 quy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. c. Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng - B\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 quy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. - T\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc. - Kh\u00f4ng can thi\u1ec7p v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0o. - Gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft tranh ch\u1ea5p qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh. 63","- Chung s\u1ed1ng h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ed gi\u1eefa 5 n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1edbn: M\u0129, Li\u00ean X\u00f4, Anh, Ph\u00e1p, Trung Qu\u1ed1c. d. B\u1ed9 m\u00e1y t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c - G\u1ed3m 6 c\u01a1 quan ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n kh\u00e1c. e. Vai tr\u00f2 - T\u00edch c\u1ef1c: + L\u00e0 di\u1ec5n \u0111\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t, v\u1eeba h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ea5u tranh nh\u1eb1m duy tr\u00ec h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh, an ninh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi; + T\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf; gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 kinh t\u1ebf, v\u0103n h\u00f3a, gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, y t\u1ebf, nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea1o\u2026 + Gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c tranh ch\u1ea5p, xung \u0111\u1ed9t \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u khu v\u1ef1c. + Ch\u1ed1ng ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n, ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c,\u2026 - H\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf: gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft xung \u0111\u1ed9t t\u1ea1i Trung \u0110\u00f4ng, chi\u1ebfn tranh \u1edf i-r\u1eafc, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 b\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea3o Tri\u1ec1u Ti\u00ean, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 Cam-pu-chia,\u2026 f. Quan h\u1ec7 Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 Li\u00ean h\u1ee3p qu\u1ed1c - N\u0103m 1977, Vi\u1ec7t Nam tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean th\u1ee9 149 c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean h\u1ee3p qu\u1ed1c. - Li\u00ean h\u1ee3p qu\u1ed1c gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 Vi\u1ec7t Nam tr\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c: + \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng; t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf. + X\u00f3a \u0111\u00f3i gi\u1ea3m ngh\u00e8o; b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng;... - Vi\u1ec7t Nam tham gia v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p t\u00edch c\u1ef1c v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean h\u1ee3p qu\u1ed1c. - M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean h\u1ee3p qu\u1ed1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam: Qu\u1ef9 Nhi \u0111\u1ed3ng Li\u00ean h\u1ee3p qu\u1ed1c (UNICEF); T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c Y t\u1ebf Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi (WHO),... 64","CHI\u1ebeN TRANH L\u1ea0NH 1. Ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c - \u0110\u1ed1i l\u1eadp v\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eefa hai c\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ed1c M\u0129 \u2013 Li\u00ean X\u00f4. + Li\u00ean X\u00f4: \uf0b7 Duy tr\u00ec h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh, an ninh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. \uf0b7 B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 th\u00e0nh qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a CNXH. \uf0b7 \u0110\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh phong tr\u00e0o c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. + M\u0129: \uf0b7 Ch\u1ed1ng ph\u00e1 Li\u00ean X\u00f4 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc XHCN. \uf0b7 \u0110\u1ea9y l\u00f9i phong tr\u00e0o c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. \uf0b7 Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u01b0u \u0111\u1ed3 b\u00e1 ch\u1ee7 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. - Sau Chi\u1ebfn tranh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ee9 hai, M\u0129 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n gi\u00e0u m\u1ea1nh, \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n v\u1ec1 v\u0169 kh\u00ed nguy\u00ean t\u1eed \u2192 M\u0129 t\u1ef1 cho m\u00ecnh c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. - M\u0129 lo ng\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n, phong tr\u00e0o c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u2192 t\u00ecm m\u1ecdi c\u00e1ch ch\u1ed1ng ph\u00e1. + \u1ea2nh h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean X\u00f4 sau chi\u1ebfn tranh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. + Th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n \u1edf \u0110\u00f4ng \u00c2u \u2192 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng XHCN h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh. + Th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Trung Qu\u1ed1c (th\u00e1ng 1\/1949) \u2192 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng XHCN n\u1ed1i li\u1ec1n t\u1eeb ch\u00e2u \u00c2u sang ch\u00e2u \u00c1. 2. B\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t L\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ti\u1ebfng s\u00fang; th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch th\u00f9 \u0111\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a M\u0129 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c trong quan h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi Li\u00ean X\u00f4 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc XHCN. 3. Bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n Li\u00ean X\u00f4 M\u0129 \uf0a8 Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u201cK\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch M\u00e1c-san\u201d nh\u1eb1m: \uf0a8 L\u1eadp \u201cH\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u1ee3 kinh t\u1ebf\u201d - Gi\u00fap c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc T\u00e2y \u00c2u kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c kinh (SEV). t\u1ebf. 65","- L\u1eadp li\u00ean minh qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 ch\u1ed1ng Li\u00ean \u2192 M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch: h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c, gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c X\u00f4 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u00f4ng \u00c2u. n\u01b0\u1edbc XHCN v\u1ec1 kinh t\u1ebf, khoa h\u1ecdc \u2013 k\u0129 thu\u1eadt,... \uf0a8 Ch\u1ea1y \u0111ua v\u0169 trang. \uf0a8 L\u1eadp \u201cT\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c Hi\u1ec7p \u01b0\u1edbc B\u1eafc \u0110\u1ea1i T\u00e2y \uf0a8 Th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp \u201cT\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c Hi\u1ec7p \u01b0\u1edbc V\u00e1c-sa- D\u01b0\u01a1ng\u201d (NATO) nh\u1eb1m ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c va\u201d, l\u00e0 li\u00ean minh ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb - qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 n\u01b0\u1edbc XHCN. mang t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t ph\u00f2ng th\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \uf0a8 C\u1ea5m v\u1eadn kinh t\u1ebf, c\u00f4 l\u1eadp ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u1edbi XHCN \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c2u. Li\u00ean X\u00f4 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc XHCN. \u2192 S\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a NATO v\u00e0 V\u00e1c-sa-va \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u s\u1ef1 x\u00e1c l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a c\u1ee5c di\u1ec7n hai c\u1ef1c, hai phe. \u2192 Chi\u1ebfn tranh L\u1ea1nh bao tr\u00f9m c\u1ea3 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. 4. H\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 - Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi lu\u00f4n trong t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng, nguy c\u01a1 b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5 chi\u1ebfn tranh m\u1edbi. - C\u00e1c c\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ed1c chi ph\u00ed nhi\u1ec1u ti\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c ng\u01b0\u1eddi; suy gi\u1ea3m s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 ti\u1ec1m l\u1ef1c kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a M\u0129 v\u00e0 Li\u00ean X\u00f4. - Nhi\u1ec1u d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n: b\u1ec7nh d\u1ecbch, \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, n\u1ea1n kh\u1ee7ng b\u1ed1,... - G\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n l\u00e0m x\u00f3i m\u00f2n, tan r\u00e3 v\u00e0 s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng XHCN. TH\u1ebe GI\u1edaI SAU CHI\u1ebeN TRANH L\u1ea0NH - Th\u00e1ng 12\/1989, Li\u00ean X\u00f4 v\u00e0 M\u0129 \u0111\u00e3 ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t Chi\u1ebfn tranh L\u1ea1nh. - T\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh Chi\u1ebfn tranh l\u1ea1nh ch\u1ec9 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft th\u00fac sau khi Li\u00ean X\u00f4 tan r\u00e3 (1991) v\u00e0 tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 hai c\u1ef1c I-an-ta s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5. + H\u01a1n 40 n\u0103m ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh Chi\u1ebfn tranh l\u1ea1nh khi\u1ebfn M\u0129 v\u00e0 Li\u00ean X\u00f4 suy gi\u1ea3m th\u1ebf m\u1ea1nh tr\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u m\u1eb7t so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ed1c kh\u00e1c. 66","\u2192 Li\u00ean X\u00f4 v\u00e0 M\u0129 c\u1ea7n tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec3 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 v\u1ecb th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. + M\u0129, Li\u00ean X\u00f4 g\u1eb7p nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c do s\u1ef1 v\u01b0\u01a1n l\u00ean m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd c\u1ee7a T\u00e2y \u00c2u v\u00e0 Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n,... + Li\u00ean X\u00f4 \u0111ang l\u00e2m v\u00e0o kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ea7m tr\u1ecdng. - Chi\u1ebfn tranh l\u1ea1nh k\u1ebft th\u00fac, t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi di\u1ec5n ra nhi\u1ec1u chuy\u1ec3n bi\u1ebfn to l\u1edbn v\u00e0 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. + Tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 hai c\u1ef1c I-an-ta s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5. M\u1ed9t tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi m\u1edbi \u0111ang h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh theo xu h\u01b0\u1edbng \u201c\u0111a c\u1ef1c\u201d, nhi\u1ec1u trung t\u00e2m. + C\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, l\u1ea5y ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf l\u00e0m tr\u1ecdng \u0111i\u1ec3m. + H\u00f2a ho\u00e3n v\u00e0 h\u00f2a d\u1ecbu trong quan h\u1ec7 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf: \uf0b7 C\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1edbn tr\u00e1nh xung \u0111\u1ed9t, \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea7u tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp. \uf0b7 C\u00e1c xung \u0111\u1ed9t, tranh ch\u1ea5p d\u1ea7n \u0111i v\u00e0o th\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh. + \u1ede nhi\u1ec1u khu v\u1ef1c v\u1eabn di\u1ec5n ra n\u1ed9i chi\u1ebfn, xung \u0111\u1ed9t, kh\u1ee7ng b\u1ed1. - Xu th\u1ebf chung l\u00e0 h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh, \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 v\u1eeba l\u00e0 th\u1eddi c\u01a1, v\u1eeba l\u00e0 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. II. H\u1ec6 TH\u1ed0NG C\u00c2U H\u1eceI \u00d4N LUY\u1ec6N \uf0d8 C\u00c2U H\u1eceI TR\u1eaeC NGHI\u1ec6M C\u00e2u 1. H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb I-an-ta (th\u00e1ng 2\/1945) di\u1ec5n ra trong ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh n\u00e0o? A. Chi\u1ebfn tranh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ee9 hai b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o giai \u0111o\u1ea1n k\u1ebft th\u00fac. B. Chi\u1ebfn tranh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ee9 hai b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5. C. Chi\u1ebfn tranh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ee9 hai \u0111ang di\u1ec5n ra \u00e1c li\u1ec7t. D. Chi\u1ebfn tranh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ee9 hai k\u1ebft th\u00fac ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n. C\u00e2u 2. Nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ea5p b\u00e1ch n\u00e0o \u0111\u1eb7t ra tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u1ed3ng minh \u0111\u1ea7u n\u0103m 1945? A. Nhanh ch\u00f3ng k\u1ebft th\u00fac chi\u1ebfn tranh. B. Nhanh ch\u00f3ng kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 chi\u1ebfn tranh. C. Th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp kh\u1ed1i \u0110\u1ed3ng minh ch\u1ed1ng ph\u00e1t x\u00edt. D. \u0110\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c kinh t\u1ebf gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc. 67","C\u00e2u 3. Nh\u1eefng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb I-an-ta (th\u00e1ng 2\/1945) c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ebfn quan h\u1ec7 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf sau Chi\u1ebfn tranh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ee9 hai? A. L\u00e0m n\u1ea3y sinh nh\u1eefng m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn m\u1edbi gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c. B. \u0110\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u s\u1ef1 x\u00e1c l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi sau chi\u1ebfn tranh. C. Tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 m\u1ed9t tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi m\u1edbi - tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 hai c\u1ef1c l-an-ta. D. \u0110\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u s\u1ef1 x\u00e1c l\u1eadp ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n vai tr\u00f2 th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c M\u0129. C\u00e2u 4. \u201cDuy tr\u00ec h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh v\u00e0 an ninh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 h\u1eefu ngh\u1ecb gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf\u201d l\u00e0 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c n\u00e0o? A. T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ASEAN. B. Li\u00ean minh Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u. C. H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb I-an-ta. D. Li\u00ean h\u1ee3p qu\u1ed1c. C\u00e2u 5. M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c Li\u00ean h\u1ee3p qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00eau r\u00f5 trong Hi\u1ebfn ch\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0 A. ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t t\u1eadn g\u1ed1c ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a ph\u00e1t x\u00edt. B. duy tr\u00ec h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh v\u00e0 an ninh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. C. chung s\u1ed1ng h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia. D. kh\u00f4ng can thi\u1ec7p v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea5t k\u00ec n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0o. C\u00e2u 6. M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c Li\u00ean h\u1ee3p qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00eau r\u00f5 trong Hi\u1ebfn ch\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0 A. t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc. B. ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc. C. b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia. D. t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc. C\u00e2u 7. M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean h\u1ee3p qu\u1ed1c l\u00e0 A. chung s\u1ed1ng h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh, v\u1eeba h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ea5u tranh. B. gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c tranh ch\u1ea5p qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh. C. h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 kinh t\u1ebf, v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. D. ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean. 68","C\u00e2u 8. Nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t n\u00e0o sau \u0111\u00e2y ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh \u0111\u00fang vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean h\u1ee3p qu\u1ed1c tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n nay? A. L\u00e0 di\u1ec5n \u0111\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf v\u1eeba h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c, v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ea5u tranh nh\u1eb1m duy tr\u00ec h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh, an ninh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. B. \u0110i \u0111\u1ea7u trong cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 quy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. C. L\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n \u0111\u1ea1i d\u1ecbch \u0111e d\u1ecda s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi. D. L\u00e0 di\u1ec5n \u0111\u00e0n \u0111i \u0111\u1ea7u trong vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00e1c di s\u1ea3n tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, c\u1ee9u tr\u1ee3 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea1o. C\u00e2u 9. Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc \u201cGi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c tranh ch\u1ea5p qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh\u201d c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean h\u1ee3p qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0o hi\u1ec7n nay? A. Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u00f3a v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc. B. Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng theo \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng XHCN. C. B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi, bi\u1ec3n, h\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea3o v\u00e0 to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5. D. N\u00e2ng cao v\u1ecb th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam tr\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf. C\u00e2u 10. Quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb I-an-ta (th\u00e1ng 2\/1945) \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n chia hai c\u1ef1c trong quan h\u1ec7 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf sau Chi\u1ebfn tranh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ee9 hai? A. Ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t t\u1eadn g\u1ed1c ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a ph\u00e1t x\u00edt \u0110\u1ee9c v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n phi\u1ec7t Nh\u1eadt. B. Li\u00ean X\u00f4 l\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c gia s\u1ebd tham gia ch\u1ed1ng Nh\u1eadt \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c1. C. Th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c Li\u00ean h\u1ee3p qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef g\u00ecn ho\u00e0 b\u00ecnh v\u00e0 an ninh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. D. Tho\u1ea3 thu\u1eadn vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3ng qu\u00e2n, ph\u00e2n chia ph\u1ea1m vi \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c2u v\u00e0 ch\u00e2u \u00c1. C\u00e2u 11. N\u1ed9i dung n\u00e0o l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n s\u00e2u xa d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c M\u0129 ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9ng cu\u1ed9c Chi\u1ebfn tranh L\u1ea1nh ch\u1ed1ng Li\u00ean X\u00f4 v\u00e0 \u0110\u00f4ng \u00c2u sau Chi\u1ebfn tranh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ee9 hai? A. S\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp v\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eefa M\u0129 v\u00e0 Li\u00ean X\u00f4. B. Li\u00ean X\u00f4 c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c2u v\u00e0 ch\u00e2u \u00c1. C. CNXH tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, t\u1eeb \u0110\u00f4ng \u00c2u \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00e2u \u00c1. D. M\u0129 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh n\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u00e0u m\u1ea1nh nh\u1ea5t, n\u1eafm \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n v\u0169 kh\u00ed nguy\u00ean t\u1eed. 69","C\u00e2u 12. Sau Chi\u1ebfn tranh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ee9 hai, c\u01a1 s\u1edf quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 M\u0129 t\u1ef1 cho m\u00ecnh quy\u1ec1n l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi l\u00e0 do A. M\u0129 n\u1eafm \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n v\u0169 kh\u00ed nguy\u00ean t\u1eed. B. M\u0129 l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1eafng tr\u1eadn trong chi\u1ebfn tranh. C. M\u0129 l\u00e0 U\u1ef7 vi\u00ean th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean h\u1ee3p qu\u1ed1c. D. n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a M\u0129 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. C\u00e2u 13. M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c Chi\u1ebfn tranh L\u1ea1nh do M\u0129 ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9ng (1947) l\u00e0 A. l\u00f4i k\u00e9o c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed3ng minh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh ch\u1ed1ng Li\u00ean X\u00f4. B. ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean X\u00f4. C. ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i phong tr\u00e0o c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. D. th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch th\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbch, ch\u1ed1ng Li\u00ean X\u00f4 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc XHCN. C\u00e2u 14. M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau bao tr\u00f9m c\u1ee7a Chi\u1ebfn tranh L\u1ea1nh do M\u0129 ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9ng (1947) l\u00e0 A. th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u201cchi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u\u201d l\u00e0m b\u00e1 ch\u1ee7 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c M\u0129. B. b\u1eaft c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed3ng minh l\u1ec7 thu\u1ed9c M\u0129. C. ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn t\u1edbi ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc XHCN. D. \u0111\u00e0n \u00e1p phong tr\u00e0o c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 phong tr\u00e0o gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. C\u00e2u 15. Nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u chi ph\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf t\u1eeb sau Chi\u1ebfn tranh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ee9 hai \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 90 c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX l\u00e0 g\u00ec? A. S\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a hai nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u1ee9c. B. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng CNXH \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng. C. Tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi hai c\u1ef1c I-an-ta. D. S\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean h\u1ee3p qu\u1ed1c. C\u00e2u 16. M\u0129 v\u00e0 Li\u00ean X\u00f4 ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t Chi\u1ebfn tranh L\u1ea1nh trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh n\u00e0o? A. M\u0129 v\u00e0 Li\u00ean X\u00f4 suy y\u1ebfu v\u1ec1 nhi\u1ec1u m\u1eb7t. B. Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a kh\u1ee7ng b\u1ed1 \u0111e d\u1ecda h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. C. Xu th\u1ebf to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u h\u00f3a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c l\u1eadp tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. D. C\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u00c1, Phi, M\u0129 Latinh v\u1eeba gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp. C\u00e2u 17. Cu\u1ed9c Chi\u1ebfn tranh L\u1ea1nh ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 n\u00e0o sau \u0111\u00e2y? 70","A. M\u0129 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u01a1n c\u1ef1c. B. Tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi hai c\u1ef1c I-an-ta ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n tan r\u00e3. C. V\u1ecb th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a M\u0129 v\u00e0 Li\u00ean X\u00f4 suy gi\u1ea3m nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng. D. S\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c Hi\u1ec7p \u01b0\u1edbc V\u00e1c-sa-va v\u00e0 SEATO. C\u00e2u 18. Tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp sau Chi\u1ebfn tranh L\u1ea1nh k\u1ebft th\u00fac? A. Tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u201c\u0111\u01a1n c\u1ef1c\u201d B. Tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u201chai c\u1ef1c\u201d. C. Tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u201cba c\u1ef1c\u201d. D. Tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u201c\u0111a c\u1ef1c\u201d. C\u00e2u 19. Xu th\u1ebf chung c\u1ee7a quan h\u1ec7 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf sau Chi\u1ebfn tranh L\u1ea1nh l\u00e0 A. xu th\u1ebf h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh, h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. B. li\u00ean k\u1ebft khu v\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh kinh t\u1ebf, qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1. C. xu th\u1ebf c\u1ea1nh tranh kh\u1ed1c li\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f9ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i. D. xu th\u1ebf kh\u1ee7ng b\u1ed1, li khai \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1edbn. C\u00e2u 20. S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n gi\u1eefa Chi\u1ebfn tranh L\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 qua l\u00e0 A. l\u00e0m cho th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi lu\u00f4n trong t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng. B. ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu di\u1ec5n ra trong ph\u1ea1m vi kh\u00f4ng gian gi\u1eefa hai n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u0129 v\u00e0 Li\u00ean X\u00f4. C. di\u1ec5n ra tr\u00ean m\u1ecdi l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng xung \u0111\u1ed9t tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp b\u1eb1ng qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1. D. th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 c\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ed1c c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1. \uf0d8 C\u00c2U H\u1eceI T\u1ef0 LU\u1eacN C\u00e2u 1. N\u00eau ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh v\u00e0 n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb I-an-ta (th\u00e1ng 2\/1945). Nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t v\u1ec1 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3ng qu\u00e2n v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n chia ph\u1ea1m vi \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c2u v\u00e0 ch\u00e2u \u00c1 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc tham d\u1ef1 h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb. C\u00e2u 2. N\u00eau ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp, m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch, nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c Li\u00ean h\u1ee3p qu\u1ed1c n\u1eeda sau th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XX. C\u00e2u 3. Em hi\u1ec3u nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 \u201cChi\u1ebfn tranh L\u1ea1nh\u201d ? N\u00eau nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng Chi\u1ebfn tranh L\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. C\u00e2u 4. S\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0o \u0111\u00e1nh d\u00e2u ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t Chi\u1ebfn tranh L\u1ea1nh? N\u00eau c\u00e1c xu h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi sau khi Chi\u1ebfn tranh L\u1ea1nh k\u1ebft th\u00fac. 71","C\u00e2u 5. V\u00ec sao hai n\u01b0\u1edbc X\u00f4 - M\u0129 \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng \u201cChi\u1ebfn tranh L\u1ea1nh\u201d? N\u00eau t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t \u201cChi\u1ebfn tranh L\u1ea1nh\u201d \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi quan h\u1ec7 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf v\u00e0 \u0110\u00f4ng Nam \u00c1. \u0110\u00c1P \u00c1N \uf0d8 C\u00c2U H\u1eceI TR\u1eaeC NGHI\u1ec6M 1-A 2-A 3-C 4-D 5-B 6-B 7-B 8-A 9-C 10-D 11-A 12-D 13-D 14-A 15-C 16-A 17-B 18-D 19-A 20-C \uf0d8 C\u00c2U H\u1eceI T\u1ef0 LU\u1eacN C\u00e2u 1. N\u00eau ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh v\u00e0 n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb I-an-ta (th\u00e1ng 2\/1945). Nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t v\u1ec1 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3ng qu\u00e2n v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n chia ph\u1ea1m vi \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c2u v\u00e0 ch\u00e2u \u00c1 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc tham d\u1ef1 h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb. a) Ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh v\u00e0 n\u1ed9i dung - \u0110\u1ea7u n\u0103m 1945, khi cu\u1ed9c Chi\u1ebfn tranh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ee9 hai b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o giai \u0111o\u1ea1n k\u1ebft th\u00fac, c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1eb7t ra l\u00e0: \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ea1i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ph\u00e1t x\u00edt, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c l\u1ea1i th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, ph\u00e2n chia th\u00e0nh qu\u1ea3 chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1eafng tr\u1eadn. - T\u1eeb ng\u00e0y m\u00f9ng 4 \u0111\u1ebfn 11\/2\/1945, h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec7u t\u1eadp t\u1ea1i I-an-ta (Li\u00ean X\u00f4) v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 tham d\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7 3 c\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ed1c l\u00e0 Li\u00ean X\u00f4, M\u0129, Anh nh\u1eb1m gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 tr\u00ean. - N\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb: + Th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau chung l\u00e0 ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t t\u1eadn g\u1ed1c ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a ph\u00e1t x\u00edt \u0110\u1ee9c ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n phi\u1ec7t Nh\u1eadt, Li\u00ean X\u00f4 s\u1ebd tham chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng Nh\u1eadt \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c1. + Th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c Li\u00ean h\u1ee3p qu\u1ed1c nh\u1eb1m duy tr\u00ec h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh an ninh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. + Th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3ng qu\u00e2n v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n chia ph\u1ea1m vi \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c2u v\u00e0 ch\u00e2u \u00c1 nh\u01b0 sau: \u1ede ch\u00e2u \u00c2u: Li\u00ean X\u00f4 chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u00f3ng mi\u1ec1n \u0110\u00f4ng n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u1ee9c, \u0110\u00f4ng B\u00e9clin v\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u00f4ng \u00c2u; M\u0129, Anh v\u00e0 Ph\u00e1p chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u00f3ng mi\u1ec1n T\u00e2y n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u1ee9c, T\u00e2y B\u00e9clin v\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc T\u00e2y \u00c2u. V\u00f9ng \u0110\u00f4ng \u00c2u thu\u1ed9c \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean X\u00f4; v\u00f9ng T\u00e2y \u00c2u thu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea1m vi \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a M\u0129. 72","\u1ede ch\u00e2u \u00c1: H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean X\u00f4: M\u0129 chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u00f3ng Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n; \u1edf b\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea3o Tri\u1ec1u Ti\u00ean, qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i Li\u00ean X\u00f4 chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u00f3ng mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc v\u00e0 qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i M\u0129 chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u00f3ng mi\u1ec1n Nam; Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u1ea7n tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t; c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a ch\u00e2u \u00c1 v\u1eabn thu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea1m vi \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y. b) Nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t - Ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n chia khu v\u1ef1c \u0111\u00f3ng qu\u00e2n v\u00e0 khu v\u1ef1c \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1eafng tr\u1eadn, hai n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 Li\u00ean X\u00f4 v\u00e0 M\u0129, v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau m\u00e0 m\u00ecnh theo \u0111u\u1ed5i, t\u1ea1o ra th\u1ebf c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng gi\u1eefa hai c\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ed1c. - T\u1eeb s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n chia \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m cho quan h\u1ec7 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf tr\u1edf n\u00ean c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng, th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi b\u1ecb ph\u00e2n chia th\u00e0nh hai c\u1ef1c, hai phe. Hai c\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ed1c Li\u00ean X\u00f4 v\u00e0 M\u0129 t\u1eeb li\u00ean minh ch\u1ed1ng ph\u00e1t x\u00edt nhanh ch\u00f3ng \u0111i t\u1edbi t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea7u. - Quan h\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a hai phe do hai si\u00eau c\u01b0\u1eddng X\u00f4 - M\u0129 \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ed7i phe \u0111\u00e3 chi ph\u1ed1i n\u1ec1n ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf trong ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn n\u1eeda sau th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XX. S\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n chia \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 cho tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh sau Chi\u1ebfn tranh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ee9 hai - tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 hai c\u1ef1c I-an-ta. C\u00e2u 2. N\u00eau ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp, m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch, nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c Li\u00ean h\u1ee3p qu\u1ed1c n\u1eeda sau th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XX. a) N\u00eau ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp, m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch, nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng - Ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp: t\u1ea1i H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf I-an-ta (th\u00e1ng 2\/1945), c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u0129, Anh v\u00e0 Li\u00ean X\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp Li\u00ean h\u1ee3p qu\u1ed1c. T\u1eeb ng\u00e0y 25\/4 \u0111\u1ebfn 26\/6\/1945, H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb Xan Phran-xi-c\u00f4 (MT) th\u00f4ng qua b\u1ea3n Hi\u1ebfn ch\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c Li\u00ean h\u1ee3p qu\u1ed1c. Ng\u00e0y 24\/10\/1945, v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u00ea chu\u1ea9n c\u1ee7a Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean, b\u1ea3n Hi\u1ebfn ch\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c. - M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch: Duy tr\u00ec ho\u00e0 b\u00ecnh, an ninh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c quan h\u1ec7 h\u1eefu ngh\u1ecb v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 quy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. - Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng: B\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 quy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c; T\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc; Kh\u00f4ng can thi\u1ec7p v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0o; Gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft tranh ch\u1ea5p qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh; Chung s\u1ed1ng h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ed gi\u1eefa n\u0103m n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1edbn (Li\u00ean X\u00f4, M\u0129, Anh, Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c). b) \u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c Li\u00ean h\u1ee3p qu\u1ed1c n\u1eeda sau th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XX 73","- L\u00e0 di\u1ec5n \u0111\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf v\u1eeba h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5u tranh gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia - d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c nh\u1eb1m duy tr\u00ec ho\u00e0 b\u00ecnh v\u00e0 an ninh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh c\u00e1c v\u1ee5 tranh ch\u1ea5p v\u00e0 xung \u0111\u1ed9t \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u khu v\u1ef1c, nhi\u1ec1u qu\u1ed1c gia, ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3i tr\u1eeb qu\u00e2n b\u1ecb, h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf ch\u1ea1y \u0111ua v\u0169 trang, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i v\u0169 kh\u00ed hu\u1ef7 di\u1ec7t h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t; th\u1ee7 ti\u00eau ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c. - Th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y quan h\u1ec7 h\u1eefu ngh\u1ecb v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 kinh t\u1ebf, v\u0103n ho\u00e1, gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c; c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3, gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c k\u00e9m ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u1ec1 kinh t\u1ebf, v\u0103n ho\u00e1, gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea1o... Tuy nhi\u00ean, b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3, Li\u00ean h\u1ee3p qu\u1ed1c c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf, kh\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng trong vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft xung \u0111\u1ed9t k\u00e9o d\u00e0i \u1edf Trung \u0110\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c M\u0129 g\u00e2y chi\u1ebfn tranh \u1edf I- r\u1eafc... C\u00e2u 3. Em hi\u1ec3u nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 \u201cChi\u1ebfn tranh L\u1ea1nh\u201d? N\u00eau nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng Chi\u1ebfn tranh L\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. - Sau Chi\u1ebfn tranh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ee9 hai, hai si\u00eau c\u01b0\u1eddng Li\u00ean X\u00f4 v\u00e0 M\u0129 \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec5n ra s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea7u c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng. Ng\u00e0y 12\/3\/1947, T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng M\u0129 Tru-man \u0111\u1ecdc b\u00e0i di\u1ec5n v\u0103n tr\u01b0\u1edbc Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i M\u0129, k\u00eau g\u1ecdi c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed3ng minh ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i Li\u00ean X\u00f4 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc XHCN. \u201cChi\u1ebfn tranh L\u1ea1nh\u201d ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u. N\u00f3 l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch th\u00f9 \u0111\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a M\u0129 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c trong quan h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi Li\u00ean X\u00f4 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc XHCN. - \u201cChi\u1ebfn tranh L\u1ea1nh\u201d l\u00e0 t\u1eeb do Ba-r\u00fat, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch nguy\u00ean t\u1eed l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a M\u0129 \u1edf Li\u00ean h\u1ee3p qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1eb7t ra, xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean tr\u00ean b\u00e1o ch\u00ed M\u0129 ng\u00e0y 26\/7\/1947. Theo ph\u00eda M\u0129, \u201cChi\u1ebfn tranh L\u1ea1nh\u201d l\u00e0 \u201cchi\u1ebfn tranh kh\u00f4ng n\u1ed5 s\u00fang, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5 m\u00e1u\u201d, nh\u01b0ng \u201clu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n \u1edf t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng chi\u1ebfn tranh\u201d, nh\u1eb1m \u201cng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n\u201d r\u1ed3i ti\u1ebfn t\u1edbi ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t Li\u00ean X\u00f4 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc XHCN. - Bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Chi\u1ebfn tranh L\u1ea1nh l\u00e0 : M\u0129 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c r\u00e1o ri\u1ebft ch\u1ea1y \u0111ua v\u0169 trang, th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i v\u00e0 c\u0103n c\u1ee9 qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u n\u01a1i tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 \u1edf Tri\u1ec1u Ti\u00ean, Vi\u1ec7t Nam.... Li\u00ean X\u00f4 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc XHCN c\u0169ng t\u0103ng ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng,... - Chi\u1ebfn tranh L\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y ra nh\u1eefng h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1 nh\u01b0: th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi lu\u00f4n trong t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng, nh\u1eefng chi ph\u00ed kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3, c\u1ef1c k\u00ec t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m cho ch\u1ea1y \u0111ua v\u0169 trang v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn tranh x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c, trong khi lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u00f3i ngh\u00e8o. C\u00e2u 4. S\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0o \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t Chi\u1ebfn tranh L\u1ea1nh? N\u00eau c\u00e1c xu h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi sau khi Chi\u1ebfn tranh L\u1ea1nh k\u1ebft th\u00fac. 74","- S\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t Chi\u1ebfn tranh L\u1ea1nh l\u00e0 th\u00e1ng 12\/1989, T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng M\u0129 Bu- s\u01a1 (cha) v\u00e0 T\u1ed5ng B\u00ed th\u01b0 \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Li\u00ean X\u00f4 Go\u00f3c-ba-ch\u1ed1p c\u00f9ng nhau tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t Chi\u1ebfn tranh L\u1ea1nh. - T\u1eeb sau n\u0103m 1991, th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c xu th\u1ebf ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n sau: + Xu h\u01b0\u1edbng ho\u00e0 ho\u00e3n v\u00e0 ho\u00e0 d\u1ecbu trong quan h\u1ec7 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf. + M\u1ed9t tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi m\u1edbi \u0111ang h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng theo chi\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111a c\u1ef1c, \u0111a trung t\u00e2m. + Do t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng khoa h\u1ecdc - c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, l\u1ea5y kinh t\u1ebf l\u00e0m tr\u1ecdng \u0111i\u1ec3m. + N\u1ec1n ho\u00e0 b\u00ecnh \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u n\u01a1i tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, nh\u01b0ng \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u khu v\u1ef1c (nh\u01b0 ch\u00e2u Phi, Trung \u00c1,...) v\u1eabn x\u1ea3y ra c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c xung \u0111\u1ed9t, n\u1ed9i chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1eabm m\u00e1u v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng. - Nh\u00ecn chung, xu th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ng\u00e0y nay l\u00e0 ho\u00e0 b\u00ecnh \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. T\u1eeb nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 90 c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XX, xu th\u1ebf to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u ho\u00e1 di\u1ec5n ra ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd. N\u00f3 v\u1eeba l\u00e0 th\u1eddi c\u01a1, v\u1eeba l\u00e0 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. C\u00e2u 5. V\u00ec sao hai n\u01b0\u1edbc X\u00f4 - M\u0129 \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng \u201cChi\u1ebfn tranh L\u1ea1nh\u201d? N\u00eau t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t \u201cChi\u1ebfn tranh L\u1ea1nh\u201d \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi quan h\u1ec7 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf v\u00e0 \u0110\u00f4ng Nam \u00c1. a) V\u00ec sao hai n\u01b0\u1edbc X\u00f4 \u2014 M\u0129 \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng \u201cChi\u1ebfn tranh L\u1ea1nh\u201d? - Cu\u1ed9c ch\u1ea1y \u0111ua v\u0169 trang k\u00e9o d\u00e0i b\u1ed1n th\u1eadp k\u1ec9 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m cho c\u1ea3 hai n\u01b0\u1edbc qu\u00e1 t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m v\u00e0 b\u1ecb suy gi\u1ea3m th\u1ebf m\u1ea1nh tr\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u m\u1eb7t so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ed1c kh\u00e1c. V\u00ec v\u1eady, hai si\u00eau c\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y c\u1ea7n tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea7u. - S\u1ef1 v\u01b0\u01a1n l\u00ean m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n v\u00e0 T\u00e2y \u00c2u..., tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 c\u1ea1nh tranh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi M\u0129. C\u00f2n Li\u00ean X\u00f4 l\u00fac n\u00e0y n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng l\u00e2m v\u00e0o kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ea7m tr\u1ecdng. \u2192 Th\u00e1ng 12\/1989, hai nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o Li\u00ean X\u00f4 v\u00e0 M\u0129 \u0111\u00e3 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng \u201cChi\u1ebfn tranh L\u1ea1nh\u201d gi\u1eefa hai si\u00eau c\u01b0\u1eddng. b) N\u00eau t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t \u201cChi\u1ebfn tranh L\u1ea1nh\u201d \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi quan h\u1ec7 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf v\u00e0 \u1edf \u0110\u00f4ng Nam \u00c1. 75","- \u201cChi\u1ebfn tranh L\u1ea1nh\u201d ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edf ra chi\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh c\u00e1c v\u1ee5 tranh ch\u1ea5p, xung \u0111\u1ed9t \u0111ang di\u1ec5n ra \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u khu v\u1ef1c tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Tuy nhi\u00ean, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c xung \u0111\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111i t\u1edbi gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng. \u1ede nhi\u1ec1u n\u01a1i v\u1eabn b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5 c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c xung \u0111\u1ed9t qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1, n\u1ed9i chi\u1ebfn do m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn s\u1eafc t\u1ed9c, t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, tranh ch\u1ea5p l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5. - \u1ede \u0110\u00f4ng Nam \u00c1, Hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb \u1edf Cam-pu-chia \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00ed k\u1ebft t\u1ea1i Pa-ri (10\/1991), m\u1edf ra qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft cu\u1ed9c tranh ch\u1ea5p \u1edf khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh. M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc trong khu v\u1ef1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n nh\u1eb1m x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t \u0110\u00f4ng Nam \u00c1 h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh v\u00e0 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh. L\u1ecaCH S\u1eec TH\u1ebe GI\u1edaI CH\u1ee6 \u0110\u1ec0 6: CU\u1ed8C C\u00c1CH M\u1ea0NG KHOA H\u1eccC \u2013 K\u0128 THU\u1eacT T\u1eea N\u0102M 1945 \u0110\u1ebeN NAY M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau \uf076 Ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c + N\u00eau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c, th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng khoa h\u1ecdc \u2013 k\u0129 thu\u1eadt t\u1eeb sau Chi\u1ebfn tranh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ee9 hai \u0111\u1ebfn nay. + \u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00fd ngh\u0129a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng khoa h\u1ecdc \u2013 k\u0129 thu\u1eadt l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i. \uf076 K\u0129 n\u0103ng + S\u01b0u t\u1ea7m, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u, quan s\u00e1t tranh \u1ea3nh. + Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch, gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch, so s\u00e1nh, \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n l\u1ecbch s\u1eed. + K\u0129 n\u0103ng v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n. I. L\u00cd THUY\u1ebeT TR\u1eccNG T\u00c2M CU\u1ed8C C\u00c1CH M\u1ea0NG KHOA H\u1eccC \u2013 K\u0128 THU\u1eacT T\u1eea N\u0102M 1945 \u0110\u1ebeN NAY II. H\u1ec6 TH\u1ed0NG C\u00c2U H\u1eceI \u00d4N LUY\u1ec6N 1. Ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c - Do nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng, c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. - V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5 d\u00e2n s\u1ed1, c\u1ea1n ki\u1ec7t ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean... 76","- T\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c Chi\u1ebfn tranh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ee9 hai. - Th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u c\u1ee7a c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng khoa h\u1ecdc \u2013 k\u0129 thu\u1eadt cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XIX \u2013 \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XX t\u1ea1o ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec1 cho c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng khoa h\u1ecdc k\u0129 thu\u1eadt hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5. 2. \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m: Khoa h\u1ecdc tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp. - M\u1ecdi ph\u00e1t minh k\u0129 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u khoa h\u1ecdc. - Khoa h\u1ecdc g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi k\u0129 thu\u1eadt, khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111i tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cho k\u0129 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 k\u0129 thu\u1eadt \u0111i tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cho s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. - Khoa h\u1ecdc tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 k\u0129 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7. 3. C\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n - T\u1eeb nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 40 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 70: C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng khoa h\u1ecdc \u2013 k\u0129 thu\u1eadt hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. - T\u1eeb n\u0103m 1973 \u0111\u1ebfn nay: C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng khoa h\u1ecdc \u2013 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7. C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng khoa h\u1ecdc \u2013 k\u0129 thu\u1eadt. 4. Th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u - Khoa h\u1ecdc c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n: t\u1ea1o ra c\u1eebu \u0110\u00f4-li b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p sinh s\u1ea3n v\u00f4 t\u00ednh (1997), c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 gen ng\u01b0\u1eddi... - Ph\u00e1t minh ra c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t m\u1edbi (m\u00e1y t\u00ednh \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed, m\u00e1y t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng,\u2026). - T\u00ecm ra nh\u1eefng ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1edbi (nguy\u00ean t\u1eed, m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi, gi\u00f3, th\u1ee7y tri\u1ec1u\u2026) - Ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o ra ngu\u1ed3n v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u m\u1edbi (p\u00f4-li-me). - Ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh \u201cc\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng xanh\u201d trong n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p (c\u01a1 kh\u00ed h\u00f3a, \u0111i\u1ec7n kh\u00ed h\u00f3a, h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc h\u00f3a\u2026) - Th\u00f4ng tin li\u00ean l\u1ea1c v\u00e0 giao th\u00f4ng v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i (m\u00e1y bay si\u00eau \u00e2m, t\u00e0u h\u1ecfa t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao\u2026) - Chinh ph\u1ee5c v\u0169 tr\u1ee5: \u0111\u01b0a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi bay v\u00e0o v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 (1961), \u0111\u1eb7t ch\u00e2n l\u00ean M\u1eb7t Tr\u0103ng (1969)\u2026 5. T\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng - T\u00edch c\u1ef1c: + N\u00e2ng cao n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t lao \u0111\u1ed9ng. + N\u00e2ng cao ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. + Thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u d\u00e2n c\u01b0, lao \u0111\u1ed9ng. 77","+ \u0110\u01b0a lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi sang n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7. + T\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ef1 giao l\u01b0u kinh t\u1ebf, v\u0103n h\u00f3a, khoa h\u1ecdc. - Ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c: + Ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o v\u0169 kh\u00ed v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t. + T\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, tai n\u1ea1n giao th\u00f4ng v\u00e0 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch b\u1ec7nh m\u1edbi, t\u1ec7 n\u1ea1n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i\u2026 6. Th\u1eddi c\u01a1 v\u00e0 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Vi\u1ec7t Nam - Th\u1eddi c\u01a1: Ti\u1ebfp thu nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u khoa h\u1ecdc \u2013 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc. - Th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c: Xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u1ea5p n\u00ean nguy c\u01a1 t\u1ee5t h\u1eadu lu\u00f4n ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n. \uf0d8 C\u00c2U H\u1eceI TR\u1eaeC NGHI\u1ec6M C\u00e2u 1. M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5 cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng khoa h\u1ecdc - k\u0129 thu\u1eadt t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 40 c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XX l\u00e0 do A. T\u00e0i nguy\u00ean thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng v\u01a1i c\u1ea1n. B. s\u1ef1 m\u1ea5t c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng gi\u1eefa t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. C. y\u00eau c\u1ea7u gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng kinh t\u1ebf th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. D. y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a xu th\u1ebf to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u h\u00f3a v\u00e0 li\u00ean k\u1ebft khu v\u1ef1c. C\u00e2u 2. Cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng khoa h\u1ecdc - k\u0129 thu\u1eadt hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 40 c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XX c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c s\u00e2u xa t\u1eeb A. s\u1ef1 m\u1ea5t c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng gi\u1eefa t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. B. y\u00eau c\u1ea7u gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng kinh t\u1ebf th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. C. nhu c\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o ngu\u1ed3n nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao cho c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia. D. nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng cao c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. C\u00e2u 3. Cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng khoa h\u1ecdc - c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 di\u1ec5n ra t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 40 c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf ki XX \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb A. n\u01b0\u1edbc Anh. B. n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u0129. C. n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u1ee9c. D. n\u01b0\u1edbc Ph\u00e1p. C\u00e2u 4. M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng khoa h\u1ecdc - k\u0129 thu\u1eadt t\u1eeb gi\u1eefa th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XX l\u00e0 78","A. ph\u00e1t minh ra m\u00e1y ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n. B. \u0111i\u1ec7n kh\u00ed h\u00f3a trong n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. C. Ph\u00e1t minh ra b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 gen ng\u01b0\u1eddi. D. Ph\u00e1t minh ra m\u00e1y bay. C\u00e2u 5. Cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng khoa h\u1ecdc - k\u0129 thu\u1eadt t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 40 c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XX kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u n\u00e0o sau \u0111\u00e2y? A. Ph\u00e1t minh ra \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc. B. Ph\u00e1t minh tr\u00ean l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c khoa h\u1ecdc c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n. C. Ph\u00e1t minh ra nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t m\u1edbi. D. T\u00ecm ra ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1edbi. C\u00e2u 6. Th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng khoa h\u1ecdc - k\u0129 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p? A. Ph\u00e1t minh ra ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1edbi. B. T\u00ecm ra ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p sinh s\u1ea3n v\u00f4 t\u00ednh. C. Th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c \u201cc\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng xanh\u201d. D. Th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c \u201cc\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng ch\u1ea5t x\u00e1m\u201d. C\u00e2u 7. Th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng khoa h\u1ecdc - k\u0129 thu\u1eadt trong vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 A. ph\u00e1t minh ra ngu\u1ed3n v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u m\u1edbi. B. t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t m\u1edbi. C. t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1edbi. D. \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 sinh h\u1ecdc. C\u00e2u 8. \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng khoa h\u1ecdc - k\u0129 thu\u1eadt t\u1eeb gi\u1eefa th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XX l\u00e0 A. di\u1ec5n ra tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c quan tr\u1ecdng. B. di\u1ec5n ra tr\u00ean t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c. C. di\u1ec5n ra v\u1edbi qui m\u00f4 v\u00e0 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng th\u1ea5y. D. khoa h\u1ecdc tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp. C\u00e2u 9. Cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng khoa h\u1ecdc - k\u0129 thu\u1eadt l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng khoa h\u1ecdc - c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00ec A. \u0111\u00e3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh m\u1ea1ng th\u00f4ng tin m\u00e1y t\u00ednh to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. B. s\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y t\u00ednh \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng li\u00ean k\u1ebft to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. C. c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 sinh h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. 79","D. c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng khoa h\u1ecdc - k\u0129 thu\u1eadt. C\u00e2u 10. N\u1ed9i dung n\u00e0o sau \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng khoa h\u1ecdc - k\u0129 thu\u1eadt gi\u1eefa th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XX? A. \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng cao c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. B. t\u0103ng n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, h\u1ea1 gi\u00e1 th\u00e0nh s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m. C. n\u00e2ng cao \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. D. t\u1ea1o n\u00ean s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u0103n b\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u d\u00e2n c\u01b0. C\u00e2u 11. Cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng n\u00e0o sau \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch bi\u1ebfn th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ef1c th\u00e0nh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi s\u1ed1? A. C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t. B. C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai. C. C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng khoa h\u1ecdc - c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7. D. C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p 4.0. C\u00e2u 12. M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng khoa h\u1ecdc - k\u0129 thu\u1eadt t\u1eeb gi\u1eefa th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XX l\u00e0 A. s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u0169 kh\u00ed hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t. B. l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u d\u00e2n c\u01b0. C. h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u1edbi xu th\u1ebf to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u h\u00f3a. D. l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngu\u1ed3n nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c. C\u00e2u 13. M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng khoa h\u1ecdc - k\u0129 thu\u1eadt t\u1eeb gi\u1eefa th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XX l\u00e0 A. hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t n\u00f3ng d\u1ea7n l\u00ean. B. l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u d\u00e2n c\u01b0. C. h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u1edbi xu th\u1ebf to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u h\u00f3a. D. l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngu\u1ed3n nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c. C\u00e2u 14. Bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n n\u00e0o sau \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng khoa h\u1ecdc - k\u0129 thu\u1eadt t\u1eeb gi\u1eefa th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XX? A. hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t n\u00f3ng d\u1ea7n l\u00ean. 80","B. xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng b\u1ec7nh d\u1ecbch m\u1edbi. C. s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u0169 kh\u00ed hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t. D. l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngu\u1ed3n nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c. C\u00e2u 15. \u0110i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c nhau c\u0103n b\u1ea3n gi\u1eefa cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng khoa h\u1ecdc - k\u0129 thu\u1eadt t\u1eeb gi\u1eefa th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XX so v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u1edf th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XVIII - XIX l\u00e0 A. c\u00e1c ph\u00e1t minh khoa h\u1ecdc nh\u1eb1m c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. B. m\u1ecdi ph\u00e1t minh v\u1ec1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u khoa h\u1ecdc. C. m\u1ecdi ph\u00e1t minh v\u1ec1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n kinh nghi\u1ec7m. D. m\u1ecdi ph\u00e1t minh khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. C\u00e2u 16. \u0110i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c nhau c\u0103n b\u1ea3n gi\u1eefa cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng khoa h\u1ecdc - k\u0129 thu\u1eadt t\u1eeb gi\u1eefa th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XX so v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u1edf th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XVIII - XIX l\u00e0 A. c\u00e1c ph\u00e1t minh v\u1ec1 k\u0129 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec1u nh\u1eb1m c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. B. th\u1eddi gian t\u1eeb ph\u00e1t minh khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ebfn \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u00fat ng\u1eafn. C. m\u1ecdi ph\u00e1t minh v\u1ec1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. D. m\u1ecdi ph\u00e1t minh khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec1u nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. C\u00e2u 17. \u0110i\u1ec3m gi\u1ed1ng nhau v\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch gi\u1eefa cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng khoa h\u1ecdc - k\u0129 thu\u1eadt t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 40 c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XX v\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u1edf th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XVIII - XIX l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1u A. t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ed1c t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n. B. \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. C. t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ed1i tr\u1ecdng gi\u1eefa hai h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb - x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp. D. s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u0169 kh\u00ed hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 nhu c\u1ea7u chi\u1ebfn tranh. C\u00e2u 18. Nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t n\u00e0o sau \u0111\u00e2y ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng khoa h\u1ecdc - k\u0129 thu\u1eadt t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 40 c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XX? A. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1t minh k\u0129 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u1edfi ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb M\u0129. B. Khoa h\u1ecdc tham gia tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0o s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. C. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1t minh k\u0129 thu\u1eadt lu\u00f4n m\u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cho khoa h\u1ecdc. D. Khoa h\u1ecdc lu\u00f4n \u0111i tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u1edbi k\u0129 thu\u1eadt. 81","C\u00e2u 19. Nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t n\u00e0o sau \u0111\u00e2y ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng khoa h\u1ecdc - k\u0129 thu\u1eadt t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 40 c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XX? A. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1t minh k\u0129 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u1edfi ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb M\u0129. B. C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng khoa h\u1ecdc g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng k\u0129 thu\u1eadt. C. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1t minh k\u0129 thu\u1eadt lu\u00f4n m\u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cho khoa h\u1ecdc. D. Khoa h\u1ecdc lu\u00f4n \u0111i tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u1edbi k\u0129 thu\u1eadt. C\u00e2u 20. Cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng khoa h\u1ecdc - k\u0129 thu\u1eadt t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 40 c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XX c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Vi\u1ec7t Nam? A. V\u1eeba t\u1ea1o ra th\u1eddi c\u01a1 v\u1eeba \u0111\u1eb7t ra th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c m\u1edbi. B. L\u00e0m c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a n\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba. C. X\u00f3a b\u1ecf ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n quan h\u1ec7 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t phong ki\u1ebfn. D. \u0110\u01b0a Vi\u1ec7t Nam tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p m\u1edbi. \uf0d8 C\u00c2U H\u1eceI T\u1ef0 LU\u1eacN C\u00e2u 1. Tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng khoa h\u1ecdc - k\u0129 thu\u1eadt sau Chi\u1ebfn tranh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ee9 hai? C\u00e2u 2. Cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng khoa h\u1ecdc - k\u0129 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi? \u0110\u00c1P \u00c1N \uf0d8 C\u00c2U H\u1eceI TR\u1eaeC NGHI\u1ec6M 1-A 2-D 3-B 4-C 5-A 6-C 7-D 8-D 9-D 10-A 11-D 12-A 13-A 14-D 15-B 16-B 17-B 18-B 19-B 20-A \uf0d8 C\u00c2U H\u1eceI T\u1ef0 LU\u1eacN C\u00e2u 1. Tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng khoa h\u1ecdc - k\u0129 thu\u1eadt sau Chi\u1ebfn tranh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ee9 hai. Sau Chi\u1ebfn tranh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ee9 hai, m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng khoa h\u1ecdc \u2014 k\u0129 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 v\u00e0 \u0111ang di\u1ec5n ra v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng n\u1ed9i dung phong ph\u00fa v\u00e0 to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u r\u1ef1c r\u1ee1: 82","- V\u1ec1 khoa h\u1ecdc c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n: con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u to l\u1edbn, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng b\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ea3y v\u1ecdt ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng c\u00f3 trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u1edf To\u00e1n h\u1ecdc, V\u1eadt l\u00ed, Ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc, Sinh h\u1ecdc,... N\u0103m 1997 c\u1ea3 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ed9ng khi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c con c\u1eebu \u0110\u00f4-li b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p sinh s\u1ea3n v\u00f4 t\u00ednh t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t t\u1ebf b\u00e0o l\u1ea5y t\u1eeb tuy\u1ebfn v\u00fa c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t con c\u1eebu \u0111ang mang thai. N\u0103m 2000, nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i l\u1ea1i b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd khi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc Anh, Ph\u00e1p, M\u0129, \u0110\u1ee9c, Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n v\u00e0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 \u201cB\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 gen ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u201d,... - Trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7: xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1t minh quan tr\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t m\u1edbi nh\u01b0 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed, m\u00e1y t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e1y r\u00f4 b\u1ed1t,... - T\u00ecm ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1edbi phong ph\u00fa, v\u00f4 t\u1eadn nh\u01b0 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nguy\u00ean t\u1eed, n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1ch, n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u00f3, thu\u1ef7 tri\u1ec1u,... thay th\u1ebf cho nh\u1eefng ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111ang b\u1ecb c\u1ea1n ki\u1ec7t d\u1ea7n. - Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm ra nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u m\u1edbi thay th\u1ebf cho v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u trong thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng v\u01a1i c\u1ea1n, quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o ra ch\u1ea5t d\u1ebbo p\u00f4lime v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh kh\u00e1c nhau: si\u00eau s\u1ea1ch, si\u00eau c\u1ee9ng, si\u00eau b\u1ec1n,... - Trong c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 sinh h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng k\u00ec di\u1ec7u v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c \u201cc\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng xanh\u201d trong n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft n\u1ea1n \u0111\u00f3i v\u00e0 thi\u1ebfu l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c, t\u0103ng n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t v\u1eadt nu\u00f4i v\u00e0 c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng,... - Nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1t minh trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c giao th\u00f4ng v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng tin li\u00ean l\u1ea1c: m\u00e1y bay si\u00eau \u00e2m kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3, t\u00e0u ho\u1ea3 ch\u1ea1y t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao 400 km\/gi\u1edd, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e1t s\u00f3ng truy\u1ec1n h\u00ecnh hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i qua v\u1ec7 tinh,... - V\u1ec1 chinh ph\u1ee5c v\u0169 tr\u1ee5: n\u0103m 1957, Li\u00ean X\u00f4 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ph\u00f3ng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng v\u1ec7 tinh nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t. N\u0103m 1961, Li\u00ean X\u00f4 ph\u00f3ng t\u00e0u v\u0169 tr\u1ee5, \u0111\u01b0a nh\u00e0 du h\u00e0nh v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 Ga-ga-rin bay v\u00f2ng quanh Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u00e1t, m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u k\u1ec9 nguy\u00ean chinh ph\u1ee5c v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi. N\u0103m 1967, l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, M\u0129 \u0111\u01b0a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed5 b\u1ed9 l\u00ean M\u1eb7t Tr\u0103ng,... C\u00e2u 2. Cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng khoa h\u1ecdc - k\u0129 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi? - Cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng khoa h\u1ecdc - k\u0129 thu\u1eadt l\u1ea7n n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00ed nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ed9t m\u1ed1c ch\u00f3i l\u1ecdi trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ti\u1ebfn ho\u00e1 v\u0103n minh c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, mang l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 phi th\u01b0\u1eddng, l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. - Cho ph\u00e9p con ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng b\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ea3y v\u1ecdt v\u1ec1 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n n\u00e2ng cao m\u1ee9c s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng, k\u00e9o d\u00e0i tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i h\u00e0ng ho\u00e1 m\u1edbi v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ti\u1ec7n nghi sinh ho\u1ea1t m\u1edbi (ti vi, m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec1u ho\u00e0, \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i di \u0111\u1ed9ng,...). 83","- Cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u0169ng l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u d\u00e2n c\u01b0 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng: xu h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 c\u01b0 d\u00e2n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng trong n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p gi\u1ea3m d\u1ea7n, thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 d\u00e2n c\u01b0 trong c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 t\u0103ng l\u00ean, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u1edf nh\u1eefng n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. - Cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng khoa h\u1ecdc - k\u0129 thu\u1eadt c\u0169ng mang l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c (ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu do con ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1o ra): ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i v\u0169 kh\u00ed hu\u1ef7 di\u1ec7t, \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, t\u1ea7ng \u00f4z\u00f4n \u0111ang b\u1ecb th\u1ee7ng d\u1ea7n, nh\u1eefng tai n\u1ea1n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 giao th\u00f4ng, nh\u1eefng \u201cb\u00e3i r\u00e1c\u201d th\u1ea3i trong v\u0169 tr\u1ee5, c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i d\u1ecbch b\u1ec7nh m\u1edbi,... Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00edch c\u1ef1c th\u00ec cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng khoa h\u1ecdc - k\u0129 thu\u1eadt c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng m\u1eb7t tr\u00e1i c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng sao cho h\u1ee3p l\u00ed. 84","L\u1ecaCH S\u1eec VI\u1ec6T NAM CH\u1ee6 \u0110\u1ec0 1: PHONG TR\u00c0O C\u00c1CH M\u1ea0NG VI\u1ec6T NAM SAU CHI\u1ebeN TRANH TH\u1ebe GI\u1edaI TH\u1ee8 NH\u1ea4T \u0110\u1ebeN TR\u01af\u1edaC KHI \u0110\u1ea2NG C\u1ed8NG S\u1ea2N VI\u1ec6T NAM RA \u0110\u1edcI M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau \uf076 Ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c + N\u00eau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n l\u1ecbch s\u1eed th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 trong n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1919 - 1929. + Tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c phong tr\u00e0o c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1919 - 1929 c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 s\u1ea3n d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, ti\u1ec3u t\u01b0 s\u1ea3n v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n. \uf076 K\u0129 n\u0103ng + H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, kh\u00e1i qu\u00e1t l\u1ecbch s\u1eed Vi\u1ec7t Nam giai \u0111o\u1ea1n trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1919 - 1929. + Nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t, \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n, hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1ecbch s\u1eed. I. L\u00cd THUY\u1ebeT TR\u1eccNG T\u00c2M CH\u00cdNH S\u00c1CH TH\u1ed0NG TR\u1eca C\u1ee6A PH\u00c1P SAU CHI\u1ebeN TRANH TH\u1ebe GI\u1edaI TH\u1ee8 NH\u1ea4T 1. Kinh t\u1ebf: Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh khai th\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba l\u1ea7n hai - Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n: Ph\u00e1p thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1 trong Chi\u1ebfn tranh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t. - M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch: + B\u00f9 \u0111\u1eafp thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i chi\u1ebfn tranh. + L\u00e0m gi\u00e0u cho ch\u00ednh qu\u1ed1c. - \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m: + T\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u1ed1n v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh kinh t\u1ebf. + Hai ng\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 nhi\u1ec1u: n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p (\u0111\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec1n cao su), c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p (khai th\u00e1c than). Trong \u0111\u00f3, nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0o n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. - Ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch: 85","+ N\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p: c\u01b0\u1edbp \u0111o\u1ea1t ru\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec1n, th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty chuy\u00ean tr\u00e1ch... + C\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p: - \u0110\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh khai th\u00e1c kho\u00e1ng s\u1ea3n. - M\u1edf mang c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn kho\u00e1ng s\u1ea3n, t\u01a1 s\u1ee3i, d\u1ec7t, di\u00eam, xay x\u00e1t... + Th\u01b0\u01a1ng nghi\u1ec7p: Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n, \u0111\u00e1nh thu\u1ebf n\u1eb7ng v\u00e0o h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o Vi\u1ec7t Nam (Trung Qu\u1ed1c, Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n...) + Giao th\u00f4ng v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i: \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 th\u00eam v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft xuy\u00ean \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng. + T\u00e0i ch\u00ednh: Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u1eafm quy\u1ec1n ch\u1ec9 huy c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh kinh t\u1ebf \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng. 2. Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, v\u0103n h\u00f3a, gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c - Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb: + Thi h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u201cchia \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ecb\u201d. + Th\u00e2u t\u00f3m m\u1ecdi quy\u1ec1n h\u00e0nh trong tay ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p. + B\u00f3p ngh\u1eb9t quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7, th\u1eb3ng tay \u0111\u00e0n \u00e1p c\u00e1c phong tr\u00e0o y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc. - V\u0103n ho\u00e1, gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c: + Khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u00ea t\u00edn d\u1ecb \u0111oan, t\u1ec7 n\u1ea1n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. + H\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf m\u1edf tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc. + S\u00e1ch b\u00e1o xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c \u201ckhai h\u00f3a\u201d. CHUY\u1ec2N BI\u1ebeN KINH T\u1ebe - X\u00c3 H\u1ed8I \u1ede VI\u1ec6T NAM D\u01af\u1edaI T\u00c1C \u0110\u1ed8NG T\u1eea CU\u1ed8C KHAI TH\u00c1C THU\u1ed8C \u0110\u1ecaA L\u1ea6N TH\u1ee8 HAI C\u1ee6A TH\u1ef0C D\u00c2N PH\u00c1P 1. Chuy\u1ec3n bi\u1ebfn kinh t\u1ebf - Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c du nh\u1eadp: C\u01a1 c\u1ea5u kinh t\u1ebf c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n bi\u1ebfn nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 mang t\u00ednh c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9. - Kinh t\u1ebf Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u1eabn ngh\u00e8o n\u00e0n, l\u1ea1c h\u1eadu, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea5t c\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed1i, l\u1ec7 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o kinh t\u1ebf Ph\u00e1p. 2. Chuy\u1ec3n bi\u1ebfn x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i 86","- C\u01a1 c\u1ea5u x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i thay \u0111\u1ed5i, ph\u00e2n h\u00f3a giai c\u1ea5p ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng s\u00e2u s\u1eafc. + \u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ee7 phong ki\u1ebfn: - \u0110\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ee7: c\u00e2u k\u1ebft v\u1edbi Ph\u00e1p b\u00f3c l\u1ed9t, \u0111\u00e0n \u00e1p n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n. - Trung, ti\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ee7: c\u00f3 tinh th\u1ea7n y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ed1ng Ph\u00e1p. + N\u00f4ng d\u00e2n: Chi\u1ebfm 90% d\u00e2n s\u1ed1, b\u1ecb c\u01b0\u1edbp \u0111o\u1ea1t ru\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t, b\u1ea7n c\u00f9ng h\u00f3a, ph\u00e1 s\u1ea3n tr\u00ean quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn. \u2192 L\u00e0 l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3o c\u1ee7a c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng. + T\u01b0 s\u1ea3n: - Giai c\u1ea5p t\u01b0 s\u1ea3n ra \u0111\u1eddi. - B\u1ecb ph\u00e2n h\u00f3a th\u00e0nh hai b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn: + T\u01b0 s\u1ea3n m\u1ea1i b\u1ea3n: g\u1eafn b\u00f3, c\u00e2u k\u1ebft v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c. + T\u01b0 s\u1ea3n d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c: c\u00f3 tinh th\u1ea7n d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c, phong ki\u1ebfn. + Ti\u1ec3u t\u01b0 s\u1ea3n: - Giai c\u1ea5p ti\u1ec3u t\u01b0 s\u1ea3n ra \u0111\u1eddi. - \u0110\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng b\u1ea5p b\u00eanh, b\u1ecb ch\u00e8n \u00e9p, c\u00f3 tinh th\u1ea7n c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng. + C\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n: - T\u0103ng nhanh v\u1ec1 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. - B\u1ecb ba t\u1ea7ng \u00e1p b\u1ee9c b\u00f3c l\u1ed9t. - C\u00f3 quan h\u1ec7 g\u1eafn b\u00f3 v\u1edbi n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n. - K\u1ebf th\u1eeba truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea5u tranh c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. \u2192 nhanh ch\u00f3ng n\u1eafm quy\u1ec1n l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng. - M\u00e2u thu\u1eabn x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n gay g\u1eaft. + N\u00f4ng d\u00e2n >< \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ee7 phong ki\u1ebfn. + Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam >< Ph\u00e1p, tay sai \u2192 m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u2192 phong tr\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea5u tranh gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. 87","B\u1ed0I C\u1ea2NH L\u1ecaCH S\u1eec C\u1ee6A PHONG TR\u00c0O C\u00c1CH M\u1ea0NG \u1ede VI\u1ec6T NAM TRONG NH\u1eeeNG N\u0102M 1919 - 1930 1. Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi - Th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng th\u00e1ng M\u01b0\u1eddi Nga (1917) m\u1edf ra m\u1ed9t con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee9u n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1edbi cho c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c b\u1ecb \u00e1p b\u1ee9c - c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng v\u00f4 s\u1ea3n. - Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp (3\/1919) \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o phong tr\u00e0o c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. - S\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea3ng c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi: Ph\u00e1p (1920), Trung Qu\u1ed1c (1921)... - S\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a phong tr\u00e0o c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi do h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a Chi\u1ebfn tranh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t. 2. Vi\u1ec7t Nam - \u0110\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ecb x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u2192 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c l\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ea5p thi\u1ebft. - Cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng v\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i \u2192 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee9u n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1edbi. - Chuy\u1ec3n bi\u1ebfn kinh t\u1ebf - x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i Vi\u1ec7t Nam d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh khai th\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t. - T\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 t\u01b0 s\u1ea3n, v\u00f4 s\u1ea3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c du nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o Vi\u1ec7t Nam. PHONG TR\u00c0O C\u00c1CH M\u1ea0NG VI\u1ec6T NAM TRONG NH\u1eeeNG N\u0102M 1919 - 1930 1. Phong tr\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea5u tranh c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 s\u1ea3n d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c - 1919 - 1927: + 1919: ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9ng phong tr\u00e0o ch\u1ea5n h\u01b0ng n\u1ed9i ho\u00e1, b\u00e0i tr\u1eeb ngo\u1ea1i ho\u00e1. + 1923: \u0111\u1ea5u tranh ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n c\u1ea3ng S\u00e0i G\u00f2n v\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t c\u1ea3ng l\u00faa g\u1ea1o \u1edf Nam K\u1ef3 c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n Ph\u00e1p. + 1923: th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp \u0110\u1ea3ng L\u1eadp hi\u1ebfn nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i mang t\u00ednh c\u1ea3i l\u01b0\u01a1ng, th\u1ecfa hi\u1ec7p. - 1927 - 1930: + 1927: th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp Vi\u1ec7t Nam Qu\u1ed1c d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea3ng. + 2\/1930: Vi\u1ec7t Nam Qu\u1ed1c d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea3ng ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh cu\u1ed9c kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a Y\u00ean B\u00e1i nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng. 88","\u2192 \u0110\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u s\u1ef1 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 t\u01b0 s\u1ea3n tr\u01b0\u1edbc nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. 2. Phong tr\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea5u tranh c\u1ee7a ti\u1ec3u t\u01b0 s\u1ea3n - 1919 - 1926: + Trong n\u01b0\u1edbc: - Th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb nh\u01b0: Vi\u1ec7t Nam Ngh\u0129a \u0111o\u00e0n, H\u1ed9i ph\u1ee5c Vi\u1ec7t, \u0110\u1ea3ng Thanh ni\u00ean... - Xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n b\u00e1o ch\u00ed ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9: Chu\u00f4ng r\u00e8, An Nam tr\u1ebb, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u00e0 qu\u00ea... - \u0110\u1ea5u tranh \u0111\u00f2i nh\u00e0 c\u1ea7m quy\u1ec1n Ph\u00e1p th\u1ea3 Phan B\u1ed9i Ch\u00e2u (1925). - T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c truy \u0111i\u1ec7u, \u0111\u1ec3 tang Phan Ch\u00e2u Trinh (1926). + N\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i: th\u00e1ng 6\/1924, ti\u1ebfng bom c\u1ee7a Ph\u1ea1m H\u1ed3ng Th\u00e1i t\u1ea1i Sa Di\u1ec7n (Qu\u1ea3ng Ch\u00e2u, Trung Qu\u1ed1c). - 1927 - 1929: T\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ea3ng + S\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi: - M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 sinh vi\u00ean Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Cao \u0111\u1eb3ng S\u01b0 ph\u1ea1m \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 nh\u00f3m t\u00f9 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u0169 \u1edf Trung K\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp H\u1ed9i Ph\u1ee5c Vi\u1ec7t. - 7\/1928, H\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00ean th\u00e0nh T\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ea3ng. + M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch: L\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang trong n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 li\u00ean l\u1ea1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c b\u1ecb \u00e1p b\u1ee9c tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed5 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c nh\u1eb1m thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng b\u00e1c \u00e1i. + Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n: Nh\u1eefng tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c tr\u1ebb v\u00e0 thanh ni\u00ean ti\u1ec3u t\u01b0 s\u1ea3n y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc. + \u0110\u1ecba b\u00e0n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng: Ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u1edf Trung K\u00ec. + Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng: - Ra \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u1ecbu \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i Vi\u1ec7t Nam C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Thanh ni\u00ean. \u2192 \u0110\u1ea5u tranh n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 gi\u1eefa xu h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u01b0 s\u1ea3n v\u00e0 v\u00f4 s\u1ea3n. \u2192 Xu h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00f4 s\u1ea3n chi\u1ebfm \u01b0u th\u1ebf. - M\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n sang H\u1ed9i Vi\u1ec7t Nam C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Thanh ni\u00ean. 89","- S\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i t\u00edch c\u1ef1c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb ti\u1ebfn t\u1edbi th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea3ng v\u00f4 s\u1ea3n. 3. Phong tr\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea5u tranh c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n - 1920: C\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n S\u00e0i G\u00f2n - Ch\u1ee3 L\u1edbn th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c C\u00f4ng h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecf do T\u00f4n \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1eafng \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u. - 1922: C\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n B\u1eafc K\u00ec \u0111\u1ea5u tranh \u0111\u00f2i ngh\u1ec9 ng\u00e0y ch\u1ee7 nh\u1eadt c\u00f3 tr\u1ea3 l\u01b0\u01a1ng. - 1924: C\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c b\u00e3i c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y d\u1ec7t, r\u01b0\u1ee3u, xay x\u00e1t g\u1ea1o \u1edf Nam \u0110\u1ecbnh, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, H\u1ea3i D\u01b0\u01a1ng. - 8\/1925: Cu\u1ed9c b\u00e3i c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a th\u1ee3 m\u00e1y x\u01b0\u1edfng Ba Son \u1edf S\u00e0i G\u00f2n \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u phong tr\u00e0o c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea5u tranh t\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t sang t\u1ef1 gi\u00e1c. \uf0f0 Nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t: + Phong tr\u00e0o b\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1edbi so v\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1edbc. + Tuy nhi\u00ean, phong tr\u00e0o v\u1eabn d\u1eebng \u1edf tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t, c\u00f2n ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o phong tr\u00e0o y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc. - 1926 - 1927: N\u1ed5 ra 27 cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh, ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c b\u00e3i c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y s\u1ee3i Nam \u0110\u1ecbnh, \u0111\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec1n cao su Cam Ti\u00eam (\u0110\u1ed3ng Nai) v\u00e0 Ph\u00fa Ri\u1ec1ng (B\u00ecnh Ph\u01b0\u1edbc),... - 1928 - 1929: + S\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a 3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam. + Phong tr\u00e0o v\u00f4 s\u1ea3n h\u00f3a \u0111\u00e3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y phong tr\u00e0o c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. \uf0f0 Nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t: + C\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 li\u00ean k\u1ebft th\u00e0nh phong tr\u00e0o chung. + Ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 n\u00e2ng l\u00ean. + G\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 th\u1eafng th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00f4 s\u1ea3n trong cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh gi\u00e0nh quy\u1ec1n l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng. + Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cho s\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam. 90","II. H\u1ec6 TH\u1ed0NG C\u00c2U H\u1eceI \u00d4N LUY\u1ec6N \uf0d8 C\u00c2U H\u1eceI TR\u1eaeC NGHI\u1ec6M C\u00e2u 1: Th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh cu\u1ed9c khai th\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai (1919 - 1929) \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam khi A. Chi\u1ebfn tranh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u. B. \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c Vi\u1ec7t Nam. C. Chi\u1ebfn tranh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t k\u1ebft th\u00fac. D. Chi\u1ebfn tranh th\u1ebf g\u1ec9\u1edbi th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n quy\u1ebft li\u1ec7t nh\u1ea5t. C\u00e2u 2: Th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh cu\u1ed9c khai th\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00e0 do A. Ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1eafng tr\u1eadn nh\u01b0ng b\u1ecb chi\u1ebfn tranh t\u00e0n ph\u00e1 n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1. B. Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n nh\u00e2n c\u00f4ng l\u1edbn v\u00e0 r\u1ebb m\u1ea1t. C. Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 v\u1ec1 t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean. D. Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c quan tr\u1ecdng \u1edf khu v\u1ef1c \u0110\u00f4ng Nam \u00c1. C\u00e2u 3: M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p khi ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh khai th\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai (1919 -1929) \u1edf \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00e0 g\u00ec? A. Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi m\u1edbi. B. B\u00f9 \u0111\u1eafp nh\u1eefng thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i do Chi\u1ebfn tranh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t g\u00e2y ra. C. Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf - x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba. D. C\u1ea1nh tranh v\u1edbi c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p. C\u00e2u 4: Trong cu\u1ed9c khai th\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai, th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u1ed1n nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0o l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0o? A. N\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, khai m\u1ecf. B. C\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, th\u01b0\u01a1ng nghi\u1ec7p. C. Giao th\u00f4ng v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i, n\u1ed9i th\u01b0\u01a1ng. D. Khai m\u1ecf, ngo\u1ea1i th\u01b0\u01a1ng. C\u00e2u 5: Trong cu\u1ed9c khai th\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai (1919 -1929), th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p t\u1eadp trung v\u1ed1n v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec1n cao su v\u00e0 khai th\u00e1c than v\u00ec A. cao su v\u00e0 than l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng m\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba. B. Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00f3 di\u1ec7n t\u00edch cao su v\u00e0 tr\u1eef l\u01b0\u1ee3ng than l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t \u1edf \u0110\u00f4ng Nam \u00c1. C. cao su v\u00e0 than l\u00e0 hai m\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u00f3 nhu c\u1ea7u l\u1edbn. D. cao su v\u00e0 than d\u1ec5 khai th\u00e1c h\u01a1n c\u00e1c t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean kh\u00e1c. 91","C\u00e2u 6: Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh khai th\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p (1929 - 1929) t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf Vi\u1ec7t Nam? A. L\u00e0m cho n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf Vi\u1ec7t Nam ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp. B. N\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u1eabn l\u1ea1c h\u1eadu, kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. C. N\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00f3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u01b0ng b\u1ecb k\u00ecm h\u00e3m, l\u1ec7 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o kinh t\u1ebf Ph\u00e1p. D. N\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf Vi\u1ec7t Nam ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u1edbi kinh t\u1ebf Ph\u00e1p. C\u00e2u 7: Giai c\u1ea5p n\u00e0o d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u00e2y c\u00f3 tinh th\u1ea7n c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 v\u00e0 c\u00f3 quan h\u1ec7 m\u1eadt thi\u1ebft v\u1edbi giai c\u1ea5p n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n? A. Giai c\u1ea5p ti\u1ec3u t\u01b0 s\u1ea3n. B. Giai c\u1ea5p t\u01b0 s\u1ea3n. C. Giai c\u1ea5p n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n. D. Giai c\u1ea5p c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n. C\u00e2u 8: L\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u0103ng h\u00e1i v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3o nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00e0 A. ti\u1ec3u t\u01b0 s\u1ea3n. B. t\u01b0 s\u1ea3n d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. C. n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n. D. c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n. C\u00e2u 9: M\u00e2u thu\u1eabn c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n nh\u1ea5t trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i Vi\u1ec7t Nam sau Chi\u1ebfn tranh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 g\u00ec? A. M\u00e2u thu\u1eabn gi\u1eefa n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ee7 phong ki\u1ebfn. B. M\u00e2u thu\u1eabn gi\u1eefa to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 tay sai. C. M\u00e2u thu\u1eabn gi\u1eefa c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n v\u1edbi t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n m\u1ea1i b\u1ea3n. D. M\u00e2u thu\u1eabn gi\u1eefa t\u01b0 s\u1ea3n d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p. C\u00e2u 10: \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a giai c\u1ea5p c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00e0 g\u00ec? A. Ch\u1ecbu ba t\u1ea7ng \u00e1p b\u1ee9c, c\u00f3 quan h\u1ec7 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, g\u1eafn b\u00f3 v\u1edbi giai c\u1ea5p n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n. B. Ra \u0111\u1eddi s\u1edbm h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c giai c\u1ea5p, t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp kh\u00e1c. C. S\u1ed1ng t\u1eadp trung, c\u00f3 tinh th\u1ea7n k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt cao. D. \u0110\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn. C\u00e2u 11: Trong cu\u1ed9c khai th\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai (1919 - 1929), ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m cho n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf Vi\u1ec7t Nam ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n thi\u1ebfu c\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed1i? A. Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p n\u1eb7ng. B. H\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p n\u1eb7ng. C. Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p nh\u1eb9. D. Ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u01b0\u01a1ng nghi\u1ec7p. C\u00e2u 12: Trong cu\u1ed9c khai th\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai (1919 - 1929), th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p thi h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch g\u00ec v\u1ec1 v\u0103n h\u00f3a - gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c? 92","A. V\u0103n h\u00f3a n\u00f4 d\u1ecbch. B. Khai h\u00f3a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Vi\u1ec7t Nam. C. C\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch v\u0103n h\u00f3a - gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c. D. \u0110\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh giao l\u01b0u v\u0103n h\u00f3a Ph\u00e1p - Vi\u1ec7t. C\u00e2u 13: Sau Chi\u1ebfn tranh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, kinh t\u1ebf Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ec3n bi\u1ebfn m\u1edbi l\u00e0 do nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu n\u00e0o d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y? A. Ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch t\u0103ng thu\u1ebf c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n Ph\u00e1p. B. Ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n. C. Ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n Ph\u00e1p. D. Ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch khai th\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p. C\u00e2u 14: D\u01b0\u1edbi t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c khai th\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai (1919 -1929), kinh t\u1ebf Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m g\u00ec? A. Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea5t c\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed1i, l\u1ec7 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf Ph\u00e1p. B. Kinh t\u1ebf t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a du nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o Vi\u1ec7t Nam. C. Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed1i gi\u1eefa c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. D. Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ch\u1eadm v\u00e0 l\u1ec7 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o Ph\u00e1p. C\u00e2u 15: \u0110i\u1ec3m m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c khai th\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai (1919 - 1929) so v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c khai th\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t (1897 - 1914) l\u00e0 g\u00ec? A. \u0110\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o ng\u00e0nh giao th\u00f4ng v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i v\u00e0 ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng. B. V\u01a1 v\u00e9t t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba. C. \u0110\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u1ed1n v\u1edbi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 nhanh, quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn. D. T\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o n\u00f4ng nghi\u00eap, khai th\u00e1c m\u1ecf. C\u00e2u 16: Trong cu\u1ed9c khai th\u00e1c l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai, ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh Ph\u00e1p \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00e0 A. ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng. B. ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n Ph\u00e1p. C. ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam. D. ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng qu\u1ed1c gia Ph\u00e1p. C\u00e2u 17: Sau Chi\u1ebfn tranh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, phong tr\u00e0o c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n l\u00e0 do A. c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng. B. \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1eeb cu\u1ed9c khai th\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p. C. \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng th\u00e1ng M\u01b0\u1eddi Nga. D. th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p b\u1ecb suy y\u1ebfu sau Chi\u1ebfn tranh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t. 93","C\u00e2u 18: \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh c\u1ee7a giai c\u1ea5p t\u01b0 s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 1919 - 1925 l\u00e0 A. ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u00f2i quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb. B. ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u00f2i quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i v\u1ec1 kinh t\u1ebf, d\u1ec5 th\u1ecfa hi\u1ec7p v\u1edbi Ph\u00e1p. C. kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a v\u0169 trang ch\u1ed1ng Ph\u00e1p gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp. D. d\u1ec5 th\u1ecfa hi\u1ec7p v\u1edbi Ph\u00e1p khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e2n nh\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec1u quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i. C\u00e2u 19: S\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt trong phong tr\u00e0o y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc, d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng khai (1919 - 1925) c\u1ee7a t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp ti\u1ec1u t\u01b0 s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00e0 g\u00ec? A. \u0110\u1ea5u tranh \u0111\u00f2i nh\u00e0 c\u1ea7m quy\u1ec1n Ph\u00e1p th\u1ea3 Phan B\u1ed9i Ch\u00e2u v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 tang Phan Ch\u00e2u Trinh. B. Xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n b\u00e1o nhi\u1ec1u s\u00e1ch b\u00e1o ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9, tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c m\u1edbi. C. Th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n: Nam \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u01b0 x\u00e3, C\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc th\u01b0 x\u00e3. D. T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c nhi\u1ec1u ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u00e1m s\u00e1t nh\u1eefng t\u00ean th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n. C\u00e2u 20: M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c b\u00e3i c\u00f4ng Ba Son (th\u00e1ng -1925) l\u00e0 g\u00ec? A. Ng\u0103n t\u00e0u chi\u1ebfn Ph\u00e1p ch\u1edf l\u00ednh sang \u0111\u00e0n \u00e1p c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Trung Qu\u1ed1c. B. \u0110\u00f2i t\u0103ng l\u01b0\u01a1ng, gi\u1ea3m gi\u1edd l\u00e0m, c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n. C. \u0110\u1ea5u tranh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a giai c\u1ea5p c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n. D. Gi\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n \u1edf S\u00e0i G\u00f2n v\u1ec1 tay giai c\u1ea5p c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n. C\u00e2u 21: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp C\u00f4ng h\u1ed9i b\u00ed m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean t\u1ea1i S\u00e0i G\u00f2n - Ch\u1ee3 L\u1edbn n\u0103m 1920 l\u00e0 A. Phan Ch\u00e2u Trinh. B. Phan B\u1ed9i Ch\u00e2u. C. Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1i Qu\u1ed1c. D. T\u00f4n \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1eafng. C\u00e2u 22: L\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o phong tr\u00e0o \u201cch\u1ea5n h\u01b0ng n\u1ed9i h\u00f3a, b\u00e0i tr\u1eeb ngo\u1ea1i h\u00f3a\u201d (1919), \u0111\u1ea5u tranh ch\u1ed1ng Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n c\u1ea3ng S\u00e0i G\u00f2n v\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u l\u00faa g\u1ea1o Nam K\u00ec (1923) l\u00e0 A. t\u01b0 s\u1ea3n m\u1ea1i b\u1ea3n. B. t\u01b0 s\u1ea3n d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. C. ti\u1ec3u t\u01b0 s\u1ea3n. D. c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n. C\u00e2u 23: N\u0103m 1923, giai c\u1ea5p t\u01b0 s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed5ch\u1ee9c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5u tranh n\u00e0o d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y? A. Ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n c\u1ea3ng S\u00e0i G\u00f2n, \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n xu\u1ea5t c\u1ea3ng l\u00faa g\u1ea1o \u1edf Nam K\u00ec. B. Xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n b\u00e1o Chu\u00f4ng r\u00e8, An Nam tr\u1ebb, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u00e0 qu\u00ea. C. Th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9. D. T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh \u0111\u00f2i th\u1ea3 t\u1ef1 do cho Phan B\u1ed9i Ch\u00e2u. 94","C\u00e2u 24: Trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1919 - 1925, ti\u1ec3u t\u01b0 s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u1ea5u tranh nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch g\u00ec? A. Gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. B. \u0110\u00f2i c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do, d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7. C. \u201cCh\u1ea5n h\u01b0ng n\u1ed9i h\u00f3a\u201d, \u201cb\u00e0i tr\u1eeb ngo\u1ea1i h\u00f3a\u201d. D. Ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u l\u00faa g\u1ea1o \u1edf Nam K\u00ec. C\u00e2u 25: S\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0o d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfn m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a giai c\u1ea5p c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1919- 1925? A. B\u00e3i c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n Ba Son. B. C\u00f4ng h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecf th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp \u1edf S\u00e0i G\u00f2n - Ch\u1ee3 L\u1edbn. C. \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp. D. H\u1ed9i Vi\u1ec7t Nam C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Thanh ni\u00ean ra \u0111\u1eddi. C\u00e2u 26: Trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1919 - 1925, l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0o d\u01b0\u1edb\u1ec9 \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c m\u00edt tinh, bi\u1ec3u t\u00ecnh, b\u00e3i kh\u00f3a, l\u1eadp c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb? A. N\u00f4ng d\u00e2n. B. T\u01b0 s\u1ea3n. C. C\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n. D. Ti\u1ec3u t\u01b0 s\u1ea3n. C\u00e2u 27: S\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0o \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u giai c\u1ea5p c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea5u tranh t\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t sang t\u1ef1 gi\u00e1c? A. Phong tr\u00e0o \u201cv\u00f4 s\u1ea3n h\u00f3a\u201d (1928). B. B\u00e3i c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n Ba Son (th\u00e1ng 8\/1925). C. Th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp H\u1ed9i Vi\u1ec7t Nam C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Thanh ni\u00ean (th\u00e1ng 6\/1925). D. B\u00e3i c\u00f4ng \u1edf \u0111\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec1n cao su Ph\u00fa Ri\u1ec1ng (1929). C\u00e2u 28: Cu\u1ed9c b\u00e3i c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n Ba Son (th\u00e1ng 8\/1925) \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u b\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a phong tr\u00e0o c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00ec l\u00ed do n\u00e0o d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y? A. \u0110\u1ea5u tranh c\u00f3 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch kinh t\u1ebf r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. B. Quy m\u00f4 b\u00e3i c\u00f4ng l\u1edbn, l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng tham gia \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3o. C. \u0110\u1ea5u tranh c\u00f3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 c\u00f3 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. D. H\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh phong ph\u00fa, quy\u1ebft li\u1ec7t. C\u00e2u 29: Cu\u1ed9c b\u00e3i c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n Ba Son (th\u00e1ng 8\/1925) \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a phong tr\u00e0o c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00ec A. b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea5u tranh t\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t sang t\u1ef1 gi\u00e1c. B. b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea5u tranh t\u1ef1 gi\u00e1c sang t\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t. C. ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea5u tranh t\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t sang t\u1ef1 gi\u00e1c. 95","D. ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea5u tranh t\u1ef1 gi\u00e1c sang t\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t. C\u00e2u 30: Sau Chi\u1ebfn tranh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0o d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u m\u1ed9t giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1edbi trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a phong tr\u00e0o c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi? A. \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp. B. C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng th\u00e1ng M\u01b0\u1edd\u1ec9 Nga th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng. C. \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Ph\u00e1p ra \u0111\u1eddi. D. Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp. C\u00e2u 31: \u0110i\u1ec3m m\u1edbi trong phong tr\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea5u tranh c\u1ee7a giai c\u1ea5p c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1926 - 1927 l\u00e0 A. c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng. B. phong tr\u00e0o mang t\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t trong to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c. C. ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c - L\u00eanin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 s\u00e2u r\u1ed9ng. D. c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c C\u00f4ng h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecf. C\u00e2u 32: Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c T\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ea3ng l\u00e0 A. tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c tr\u1ebb v\u00e0 thanh ni\u00ean ti\u1ec3u t\u01b0 s\u1ea3n y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc. B. c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n, n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n. C. t\u01b0 s\u1ea3n, \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ee7 phong ki\u1ebfn. D. n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n, d\u00e2n ngh\u00e8o th\u00e0nh th\u1ecb. C\u00e2u 33: \u0110\u1ecba b\u00e0n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a T\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ea3ng l\u00e0 \u1edf A. B\u1eafc K\u00ec. B. Trung K\u00ec. C. Nam K\u00ec. D. B\u1eafc Trung K\u00ec. C\u00e2u 34: Cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh gi\u1eefa hai xu h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00f4 s\u1ea3n v\u00e0 t\u01b0 s\u1ea3n trong n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 T\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ea3ng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn A. xu h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng theo khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00f4 s\u1ea3n chi\u1ebfm \u01b0u th\u1ebf. B. xu h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng theo khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u01b0 s\u1ea3n chi\u1ebfm \u01b0u th\u1ebf. C. cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh quy\u1ebft li\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa hai khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng. D. c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa hai khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng. \uf0d8 C\u00c2U H\u1eceI T\u1ef0 LU\u1eacN C\u00e2u 1: L\u1eadp b\u1ea3ng th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea v\u1ec1 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh khai th\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p (1919 - 1929) \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam theo m\u1eabu sau: Ng\u00e0nh khai th\u00e1c Ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch khai th\u00e1c N\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p 96","C\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p Th\u01b0\u01a1ng nghi\u1ec7p Giao th\u00f4ng - v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i T\u00e0i ch\u00ednh - ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng C\u00e2u 2: Nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t v\u1ec1 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh khai th\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai (1919 - 1929) c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu t\u1eadp trung khai th\u00e1c nh\u1eefng ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ee3i n\u00e0o? T\u1ea1i sao? C\u00e2u 3: Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n h\u00f3a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i Vi\u1ec7t Nam sau Chi\u1ebfn tranh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, qua \u0111\u00f3 nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c giai c\u1ea5p, t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp. C\u00e2u 4: T\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi sau Chi\u1ebfn tranh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1edbi c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam (1919- 1925) nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? S\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1i Qu\u1ed1c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee9u n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1edbi \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam? T\u1ea1i sao? C\u00e2u 5: Tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c phong tr\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea5u tranh c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 s\u1ea3n v\u00e0 ti\u1ec3u t\u01b0 s\u1ea3n trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1919 -1925. C\u00e2u 6: N\u00eau ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a phong tr\u00e0o c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam t\u1eeb sau Chi\u1ebfn tranh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1925. Ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u \u00fd ki\u1ebfn v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c b\u00e3i c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n Ba Son (8\/1925). THAM KH\u1ea2O \u0110\u1ec0 KI\u1ebeM TRA H\u1eccC K\u00cc 1, S\u1ed0 1, 2, 3 TRANG 186 -192 97","III. \u0110\u00c1P \u00c1N \uf0d8 C\u00c2U H\u1eceI TR\u1eaeC NGHI\u1ec6M 1 - C 2 - A 3 - B 4 - A 5 - C 6 - C 7 - D 8 - C 9 - B 10 - A 11 - B 12 - A 13 - D 14 - A 15 - C 16 - A 17 - C 18 - B 19 - A 20 - A 21 - D 22 - B 23 - A 24 - B 25 - A 26 - D 27 - B 28 - C 29 - A 30 - D 31 - B 32 - A 33 - B 34 - A \uf0d8 C\u00c2U H\u1eceI T\u1ef0 LU\u1eacN C\u00e2u 1: L\u1eadp b\u1ea3ng th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea v\u1ec1 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh khai th\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p (1919 - 1929) \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam theo m\u1eabu sau: Ng\u00e0nh khai th\u00e1c Ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch khai th\u00e1c N\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p C\u01b0\u1edbp \u0111\u1ea5t, b\u1ecf v\u1ed1n nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0o khai th\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec1n cao su, l\u00faa. B\u1ecf v\u1ed1n nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0o khai th\u00e1c m\u1ecf than, ngo\u00e0i ra m\u1edf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u00f4ng C\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p nghi\u1ec7p nh\u1eb9 \u0111\u1ec3 khai th\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n nh\u00e2n c\u00f4ng r\u1ebb m\u1ea1t, ngu\u1ed3n nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 v\u00e0 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7: d\u1ec7t, s\u1ee3i, v\u1ea3i, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, r\u01b0\u1ee3u, xay x\u00e1t g\u1ea1o... Th\u01b0\u01a1ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0110\u00e1nh thu\u1ebf n\u1eb7ng h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c, Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cho h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a Ph\u00e1p nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o Vi\u1ec7t Nam t\u0103ng nhanh. Giao th\u00f4ng - v\u1eadn \u0110\u1ea7u t\u01b0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00eam (h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft...). Tt\u1ea3\u00e0ii ch\u00ednh - ng\u00e2n Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u1eafm quy\u1ec1n ch\u1ec9 huy c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh kinh t\u1ebf \u0110\u00f4ng h\u00e0ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng. T\u0103ng thu\u1ebf, \u0111\u1eb7t th\u00eam nhi\u1ec1u thu\u1ebf m\u1edbi nh\u1eb1m t\u0103ng ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch \u0110\u00f4ng C\u00e2u 2: H\u00e3y nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t v\u1ec1Dc\u01b0h\u01a1\u01b0n\u01a1gn. g tr\u00ecnh khai th\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai (1919 - 1929) c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu t\u1eadp trung khai th\u00e1c nh\u1eefng ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ee3i n\u00e0o? T\u1ea1i sao? - Nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t: + Th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u1ed1n l\u1edbn, khai th\u00e1c to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0nh, nh\u1eefng l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c kinh t\u1ebf th\u1ebf m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam, \u0111em l\u1ea1i ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ee3i l\u1edbn nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ea1nh tranh v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh qu\u1ed1c. + H\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p n\u1eb7ng, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p then ch\u1ed1t. + Th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu t\u1eadp trung khai th\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec1n cao su v\u00e0 khai th\u00e1c m\u1ecf than. - Th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu t\u1eadp trung khai th\u00e1c, \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec1n cao su v\u00e0 than. V\u00ec cao su v\u00e0 than l\u00e0 hai m\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng th\u1ebf m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam, th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111ang c\u00f3 nhu c\u1ea7u l\u1edbn, l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0nh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thu l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn l\u00e2u d\u00e0i. C\u00e2u 3: Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n h\u00f3a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i Vi\u1ec7t Nam sau Chi\u1ebfn tranh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, qua \u0111\u00f3 nh\u1eadn 98","x\u00e9t th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c giai c\u1ea5p, t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp. D\u01b0\u1edbi t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh khai th\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i Vi\u1ec7t Nam ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n h\u00f3a s\u00e2u s\u1eafc h\u01a1n: B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh nh\u1eefng giai c\u1ea5p c\u0169 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 b\u1ecb ph\u00e2n h\u00f3a nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ee7 phong ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n, \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp, giai c\u1ea5p m\u1edbi: t\u01b0 s\u1ea3n; ti\u1ec3u t\u01b0 s\u1ea3n; c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n. M\u1ed7i t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp, giai c\u1ea5p c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb kh\u00e1c nhau, n\u00ean c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh t\u1ed9 v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng kh\u00e1c nhau trong cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7. - Giai c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ee7 phong ki\u1ebfn \u1edf n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n, ph\u00e2n h\u00f3a th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ee7, \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ee7 v\u1eeba v\u00e0 nh\u1ecf. Trong \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ee7 ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng c\u1ea5u k\u1ebft ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p, l\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 d\u1ef1a ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p, ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p c\u00f9ng th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p c\u01b0\u1edbp \u0111o\u1ea1t ru\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t, t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng b\u00f3c l\u1ed9t v\u1ec1 kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0n \u00e1p v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n. V\u00ec th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ee7 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng, l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed5. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ee7 v\u1eeba v\u00e0 nh\u1ecf c\u00f3 tinh th\u1ea7n y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng tham gia c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng khi c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n. - Giai c\u1ea5p n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n: Chi\u1ebfm tr\u00ean 90% d\u00e2n s\u1ed1, h\u1ecd b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 phong ki\u1ebfn b\u00f3c l\u1ed9t n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1, n\u00ean b\u1ecb b\u1ea7n c\u00f9ng h\u00f3a v\u00e0 ph\u00e1 s\u1ea3n tr\u00ean quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn, h\u1ecd c\u00e1m th\u00f9 th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 phong ki\u1ebfn tay sai. V\u00ec v\u1eady, giai c\u1ea5p n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00e0 l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u0103ng h\u00e1i v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3o nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng. - Giai c\u1ea5p t\u01b0 s\u1ea3n: Ra \u0111\u1eddi sau Chi\u1ebfn tranh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 ti\u1ec3u ch\u1ee7 trung gian l\u00e0m th\u1ea7u kho\u00e1n, cung c\u1ea5p nguy\u00ean v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, hay l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ea1i l\u00fd h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a cho Ph\u00e1p; khi c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ed1 v\u1ed1n kh\u00e1, h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ee9ng ra kinh doanh \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp. Do quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb n\u00ean giai c\u1ea5p t\u01b0 s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam chia l\u00e0m hai b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn: + T\u01b0 s\u1ea3n m\u1ea1i b\u1ea3n: C\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c n\u00ean c\u00e2u k\u1ebft ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c. + T\u01b0 s\u1ea3n d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c: C\u00f3 khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng kinh doanh \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, b\u1ecb Ph\u00e1p ch\u00e8n \u00e9p n\u00ean \u00edt nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f3 tinh th\u1ea7n d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 phong ki\u1ebfn, nh\u01b0ng th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng ki\u00ean \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ec5 th\u1ecfa hi\u1ec7p. - T\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp ti\u1ec3u t\u01b0 s\u1ea3n: g\u1ed3m h\u1ecdc sinh, sinh vi\u00ean, vi\u00ean ch\u1ee9c, tri th\u1ee9c, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m ngh\u1ec1 t\u1ef1 do, bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n nh\u1ecf vv... Sau Chi\u1ebfn tranh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, ti\u1ec3u t\u01b0 s\u1ea3n t\u0103ng nhanh v\u1ec1 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. H\u1ecd c\u0169ng b\u1ecb b\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c b\u1ea1c \u0111\u00e3i, khinh r\u1ebd, \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng b\u1ea5p b\u00eanh g\u1eb7p nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb x\u00f4 \u0111\u1ea9y v\u00e0o con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1 s\u1ea3n v\u00e0 th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p. Trong \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn tri th\u1ee9c, h\u1ecdc sinh, sinh vi\u00ean c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng tr\u00e0o l\u01b0u t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 t\u1eeb b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. V\u00ec th\u1ebf h\u1ecd c\u00f3 tinh th\u1ea7n h\u0103ng h\u00e1i c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng quan tr\u1ecdng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ta. - Giai c\u1ea5p c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n: ra \u0111\u1eddi trong \u0111\u1ee3t khai th\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nhanh ch\u00f3ng v\u1ec1 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong \u0111\u1ee3t khai th\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai (tr\u01b0\u1edbc chi\u1ebfn tranh c\u00f3 10 v\u1ea1n, sau chi\u1ebfn tranh c\u00f3 h\u01a1n 20 v\u1ea1n). Ngo\u00e0i nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m chung c\u1ee7a giai c\u1ea5p c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng ri\u00eang, c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n 99","lao \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 sinh s\u1ed1ng t\u1eadp trung, c\u00f3 \u00fd th\u1ee9c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 k\u1ec9 lu\u1eadt cao, tinh th\u1ea7n c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3... giai c\u1ea5p c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00f2n c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m ri\u00eang nh\u01b0: + B\u1ecb ba t\u1ea7ng \u00e1p b\u1ee9c b\u00f3c l\u1ed9t c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c, phong ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 t\u01b0 s\u1ea3n ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t. + C\u00f3 quan h\u1ec7 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean g\u1eafn b\u00f3 v\u1edbi giai c\u1ea5p n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n. + K\u1ebf th\u1eeba truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc anh h\u00f9ng, b\u1ea5t khu\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. + C\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ti\u1ebfp thu ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c - L\u00eanin v\u00e0 tr\u00e0o l\u01b0u c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng th\u00e1ng M\u01b0\u1eddi Nga. Do ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh ra \u0111\u1eddi, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t n\u00f3i tr\u00ean, giai c\u1ea5p c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 nhanh ch\u00f3ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u00e0 nhanh ch\u00f3ng v\u01b0\u01a1n l\u00ean n\u1eafm quy\u1ec1n l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc ta. C\u00e2u 4: T\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi sau Chi\u1ebfn tranh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1edbi c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam (1919-1925) nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? S\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1i Qu\u1ed1c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee9u n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1edbi \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam? T\u1ea1i sao? * Nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi sau Chi\u1ebfn tranh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam - S\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a phong tr\u00e0o c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi lan r\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u sang ch\u00e2u \u00c1, ch\u00e2u M\u0129 v\u00e0 ch\u00e2u Phi... - Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp (3\/1919), \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u m\u1ed9t giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a phong tr\u00e0o c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi... - \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc - Ph\u00e1p (1920); Trung Qu\u1ed1c (1921)... t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i cho vi\u1ec7c truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c - L\u00eanin v\u00e0o Vi\u1ec7t Nam... \uf0de T\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi m\u1edbi sau Chi\u1ebfn tranh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edf ra m\u1ed9t m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi k\u00ec m\u1edbi: truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp thu ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c - L\u00ea nin v\u00e0o Vi\u1ec7t Nam. * S\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1i Qu\u1ed1c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee9u n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1edbi \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam - C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng th\u00e1ng M\u01b0\u1eddi Nga n\u0103m 1917 gi\u00fap Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1i Qu\u1ed1c kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee9u n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng v\u00f4 s\u1ea3n, \u0111i theo L\u00eanin v\u00e0 C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng th\u00e1ng M\u01b0\u1eddi Nga. - Tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng th\u00e1ng M\u01b0\u1eddi Nga n\u0103m 1917 b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5, Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1i Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 M\u0129 nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00f3. Sau khi C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng th\u00e1ng M\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1i Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng v\u00f4 s\u1ea3n v\u00ec n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nguy\u1ec7n v\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 c\u1ee9u n\u01b0\u1edbc g\u1eafn v\u1edbi gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng. C\u00e2u 5: Tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c phong tr\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea5u tranh c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 s\u1ea3n v\u00e0 ti\u1ec3u t\u01b0 s\u1ea3n trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1919 -1925. 100"]