№ 4 (97) апрель, 2022 г. • the main emphasis is planned to be made on the criteria are below the first control value (K1), there is content aspect of the main criteria (i.e. on the values and one more stage, which can be characterized as pre-pre- content of subcriteria). paratory. Formally, the enterprise at this stage has not yet made a decision about the implementation of a qual- K1= 0,2 (5) ity system and bringing all the business processes in ac- К2= 0,4 cordance with standard requirements (and, perhaps, the К3= 0,6 company's management has not yet fully realized the К4= 0,8 need for a certified quality system), however, the enter- prise has already a certain management system, work- So, the range values of the main evaluation criteria flow, as well as other element characteristics of the qual- for each of the stages of implementation of the quality ity system, and for the benefit of the enterprise it is im- management system will graphically look as follows portant to evaluate all these elements and outline priority (Pic. 1). As from the diagram, when the values of the areas for the transition to the next stage (pic.1). Picture 1. Graphic scale of the main criteria values to assess the enterprise in accordance with four stages of implementation in the quality system Each of the five main criteria to assess the quality Кn6 - Control of devices for measurement and monitoring. Ка - criterion \"Measurement, analysis and improvement\" system of small businesses must be represented by a set of (4 subcriteria): Кa1 -Monitoring and measurement; internal criteria in turn. Following the recommendations Ка2 - Management of nonconforming products; Ка3 - Data Analysis; to improve efficiency (ST RK ISO 9001-2016), where Ка4 - Improvement. self-assessment is based on the initial stages of control Therefore, the overall assessment system will con- sist of 5 main criteria and 21 sub-criteria (6). elements of sectors 4-8 of ST RK ISO 9001-2016, the Кс = (Кс1); selected information of these elements is based on the Ко = (Ко1 , Ко2 , Ко3 , Ко4 , Ко5 , Ко6); Кр = (Кр1, Кр2 , Кр3 , Кр4); internal criteria of the assessment of enterprise. Кп = (Кп1, Кп2 , Кп , Кп4, Кп5, Кп6); Ка = (Ка1, Ка2, Ка3, Ка4 ); (6) Thus, there is a complete list of sub criteria grouped After the assessment according to this methodology, by sections, i.e., according to the main criteria for as- the state of the enterprise can be represented not only by one petal diagram showing at what stage each section of sessment of enterprise: the quality system is, and what direction requires the in- volvement of additional resources of the enterprise, but Кс - criterion \"Quality management system\" (1 subcriteria): also by four supplementary petal diagrams for each sec- Кc1- Requirements for the quality system documentation. tion (since the section \"Quality Management System\" is Ко - criterion \"Responsibility of management\" (6 sub- represented by only one sub criterion, building a diagram according to this criterion is inefficient), moreover, the criteria): coordinate axes in the diagrams will be sub criteria, and Кo1 - Management commitment; the number of axes will be equal to the number of sub Ко2 - Customer orientation; criteria for each section. This division seems appropriate Ко3 - Quality Policy; for a more complete picture of the state of the enterprise, Ко4 - Planning; i.e., for a more exact definition of those elements of the Ко5 - Responsibility, authority and exchange of infor- quality system that need improvement to move to the next stage and, therefore, to bring them in line with the mation; requirements of ST RK ISO 9001-2016 [1]. Ко6 - Analysis by the management. Кр - criterion \"Resource Management\" (4 subcriteria): Кp1 - Provision of resources; Кр2 - Human resources; Кр3 - Infrastructure; Кp4 - Working environment. Кп - criterion \"Product life cycle processes\" (6 subcriteria): Кп1 - Planning the life cycle of products; Кп2 - Processes associated with the consumer; Кп3 - Design and development; Кп4 - Purchases; Кп5 - Production and service; 42
№ 4 (97) апрель, 2022 г. At “Saryarka Nan” LLP, many elements of the quality During the initial calculation of the main evaluation system were developed and implemented using a criteria- criteria, the following values of the main and additional based approach, and the processes associated with them criteria were obtained (7) [2]: were maintained in working order. Кс=0 Кс1=0,66 Ко2 =0,71 Ко3 =0,86 Ко4 = 0,5 Ко5 =0,8 Ко6 = 0,5 Ко=0 Ко1=0,58 Кр2= 0,71 Кр3= 0,66 Кр4 = 0,33 Кп5 =0,75 Кр=0 Кр1=0,75 Кп2= 0,66 Кп3= 0,81 Кп4 = 0,9 Кп6 = 0,5 Кп=0 Кп1=0,53 Ка2 = 0,4 Ка3= 0,55 Ка4 = 0,73 (7) Ка=0 Ка1=0,75 There were generated petal charts and identified areas for improvement after an analysis made (pic. 2). а) Ко criterion b) Кп criterion c) Ка criterion d) Кр criterion Picture 2. Petal diagrams obtained using the criterion approach at “Saryarka Nan” LLP Conclusions close to 1 are the maximum value costs of the quality system of the enterprise. • Based on the analysis carried out, the criteria for self-assessment of “Saryarka Nan” LLP were determined • Consequently, based on the conducted research, in accordance with the standards of ST RK ISO 9001- the quality system of “Saryarka Nan” LLP is ready for 2016. certification according to ST RK ISO 9001-2016 stand- ards. • The basic principles of the criterion approach have been developed. • The developed criterion method for self-assessment of small businesses in accordance with the standards of • The data on the self-assessment of the enterprise ST RK ISO 9001 - 2016 allows small businesses to iden- were obtained and the calculations were made. As a re- tify the inconsistencies with the requirements and take sult, the most criteria values were close to 1. Values regulatory actions to eliminate the problem. References: 1. ST RK ISO 9001 - 2016. Quality management systems / [Electronic resource]. 2. ISO 22000 HAASP. Food safety management system / [Electronic resource]. 43
№ 4 (97) апрель, 2022 г. ENGINEERING GEOMETRY AND COMPUTER GRAPHICS DOI - 10.32743/UniTech.2022.97.4.13506 ANALYSIS OF GIRIKH ORNAMENTS FROM THE HISTORICAL HANDWRITING \"DAFTARI-GIRIKH\" Manzura Mirkhanova Senior Lecturer, Bukhara Engineering and Technology Institute, Uzbekistan, Bukhara E-mail: [email protected] АНАЛИЗ ОРНАМЕНТОВ ГИРИХОВ ИЗ ИСТОРИЧЕСКОЙ РУКОПИСИ «ДАФТАРИ-ГИРИХ» Мирханова Манзура Аббасовна ст. преподаватель, Бухарский инженерно-технологический институт, Республика Узбекистан, u/ Бухара ABSTRACT This article presents the concepts of oriental geometric ornaments - girikhas, which are often found in architecture and folk arts and crafts of Central Asia. The article presents examples of the use of girikh ornaments in historical archi- tectural monuments. Information is given about the historical manuscript “Daftari girikh” with images of girikhs, stored in the Bukhara State Museum-Reserve. The analysis of auxiliary geometric constructions, on the basis of which fragments of girikhs are depicted, is carried out. Drawings of auxiliary grids and images of girikhs themselves from the old manu- script “Daftari girih” made on their basis are given. АННОТАЦИЯ В данной статье приведены понятия о восточных геометрических орнаментах – гирихах, которые часто встре- чаются в архитектуре и народно-прикладном искусстве Центральной Азии. В статье приведены образцы приме- нения орнаментов гирихов в исторических архитектурных памятниках. Приведены сведения об исторической рукописи “Дафтари гирих” с изображениями гирихов, хранящейся в Бухарском Государственном музее-заповед- нике. Проведён анализ вспомогательных геометрических построений, на основе которых изображены фрагменты гирихов. Приведены чертежи вспомогательных сеток и выполненных на их основе изображений самих гирихов из старинной рукописи “Дафтари гирих”. Keywords: ornament, patterns, girikh, folk and applied art, manuscript, auxiliary grid. Ключевые слова: орнамент, узоры, гирих, народно-прикладное искусство, рукопись, вспомогательная сетка. ________________________________________________________________________________________________ Central Asian art, architecture and culture have long convex hands of hundreds and thousands of folk archi- been famous. The magnificent buildings built by our an- tects, seem to sing the world of the beauty of nature and cestors in the past have not lost their charm to this day. lift the spirits of the people. For example, when we look The tastefully crafted patterns amaze every spectator. at the Ulugbek Madrasah in Samarkand, a place of Even travelers from abroad are amazed to see the ancient higher education that has been famous in the Muslim monuments of our country, the patterns made with artis- East for centuries, it is easy to see that it was built for tic taste. Ulugbek Madrasah in Bukhara, Ismail Somoni educational purposes through the decoration of painters. Mausoleum, Kalon Minaret, Shahizinda Mausoleum in The patterns of polygonal and polygonal stars from the Samarkand, Guri Amir Mausoleum, Ulugbek Sherdor, innumerable intersecting lines in the decoration of the Tillakori Madrasahs and others enchant people with the madrasa seem to tell the story of the glittering patterns unique beauty of the East and the splendor of pattern motifs in the universe for centuries. These innumerable inter- [1]. The vivid patterns on the monuments, created by the secting lines, geometric patterns consisting of stars of __________________________ Библиографическое описание: Mirkhanova M.A. ANALYSIS OF GIRIKH ORNAMENTS FROM THE HISTORICAL HANDWRITING \"DAFTARI-GIRIKH\" // Universum: технические науки : электрон. научн. журн. 2022. 4(97). URL: https://7universum.com/ru/tech/archive/item/13506
№ 4 (97) апрель, 2022 г. different angles and sides are called entrances. (Figure 1). Figure 1. Samarkand. Ulugbek madrasah. Registan. XV century Indeed, our country, Independent Uzbekistan, has a consisting of plant elements - patterns consisting of islimi very ancient and rich history of science [3]. Studying it and geometric shapes - girikhs. Both types of patterns is an honorable duty of our people. were used together. Girikh means Persian, chigal, knot. Among the famous scientists in this field, it is worth Girikh is a pattern consisting of geometric construc- mentioning the unnamed craftsmen and engineers. His- tions and shapes. They are widely used in historical ar- torical architectural monuments, unique folk handi- chitectural monuments, wood and plaster carvings in crafts, images in historical manuscripts, which are the folk applied art. In modern architecture, girikh patterns beauty of our country, were created by people who know are also used in the decoration of national handi- the science of \"khandasa\". It is well known that in the crafts [6]. Some of the examples of entrances that repre- East, especially in Central Asian architecture, applied art, sent the infinity of the world - the shapes of the sun and patterns are mainly divided into two groups. Patterns stars - are shown in Figures 2-5. Figure 2. Bukhara. Rare devonbegi room. Labi Hovuz. XV century 45
№ 4 (97) апрель, 2022 г. Figure 3. Bukhara. Part of the roof Figure 4. Bukhara. Mosque Kalon side gate. XV century of the Mahoki Attoron Mosque. XII century In the Bukhara State Museum-Reserve historical These manuscripts describe one of the principles of manuscripts \"Daftari girikh\" are kept in the form of paper drawing entries - methods of drawing geometric shapes wraps. From the inscriptions in Arabic spelling, the on the basis of auxiliary nets. Figure 5 shows one of the name of their author Ashur Ghulamshah was identified. entrance drawings in the manuscript [5]. Figure 5 Girikh auxiliary network and image of Girikh based on it The geometric pattern will have certain distributions. handasa-geometry. This manuscript could be used in the Each division has its own structure. In the historical design process in applied arts and architecture [4]. manuscript \"Daftari girikh\" considered, such divisions consist of samples of 12 fragments, which have a size of If this topic is used in the educational process, young about 9 cm X 6 cm and are drawn in black on the basis people will be taught not only geometry and drawing, of the type drawn (scraped) with a needle underneath. but also contribute to the aesthetic taste of the younger Of course, if we look at history, it is a great scientific generation. Based on the auxiliary constructions of the his- discovery that the entrance to that time was made on the torical source \"Daftari-girikh\", the pattern of the drawn gi- basis of precise geometric shapes, using drawing tools [7]. rikh can be used in the teaching of \"Engineering The masters who worked on the depiction of these en- Graphics\" and \"Computer Graphics\", in the repair of his- tries were people who were well versed in the science of torical monuments, in the decoration of modern build- ings [2]. 46
№ 4 (97) апрель, 2022 г. References: 1. Abbasovna M.M. (2021). Drawings of domes and arches in the manuscript of Jamshid Al-Kashi\" Key of Arithmetics\". ASIAN JOURNAL OF MULTIDIMENSIONAL RESEARCH, 10(4), 81-87. 2. Abbasovna M.M. (2021, April). AUTOMATION OF THE PROCESS OF PERFORMANCE OF MACHINE- BUILDING DRAWINGS IN THE LESSONS\" ENGINEERING GRAPHICS\" IN THE AUTOCAD ENVIRON- MENT. In Euro-Asia Conferences (Vol. 4, No. 1, pp. 226-228). 3. Abbasovna M.M. (2022). INFORMATION ABOUT THE SCIENCE OF\" ILM AL-KHANDAS\" IN THE WORKS OF ABU NASR FARABI. Academicia Globe: Inderscience Research, 3(03), 238-245. 4. Tosheva N., & Abdullaeva G. (2022). THE CONCEPT OF \"INNOVATION\" AND TYPES OF INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES. Scientific progress, 3(3), 586-589. 5. Мирханова М.А., & Абдуллаева М.Ш. (2014). Принципы построений восточных геометрических орнаментов- гирихов и их методическое применение. Молодой ученый, (2), 158-161. 6. Мирханова М.А., & Фазлиддинов К. (2019). РОЛЬ ИЗУЧЕНИЯ ТЕМЫ\" ОСНОВЫ ПОСТРОЕНИЯ ТЕНЕЙ В ОРТОГОНАЛЬНЫХ ПРОЕКЦИЯХ\" СТУДЕНТАМИ СТРОИТЕЛЬНЫХ СПЕЦИАЛЬНОСТЕЙ В РАЗВИ- ТИИ ИХ ПРОСТРАНСТВЕННОГО МЫШЛЕНИЯ. Интернаука, (6-1), 33-35. 7. Мирханова М.А., & Абдуллаева Г.Ш. (2022). ГЕОМЕТРИЧЕСКИЕ ОСНОВЫ ОРНАМЕНТОВ – ГИРИХОВ. Scientific progress, 3(3), 612-615. 47
№ 4 (97) апрель, 2022 г. THE ROLE OF GEODESY WORK IN THE DESIGN OF PUMP STATIONS Yunusbek Sattiyev Assistant, of Andijan Institute of Agriculture and Agrotechnology, Uzbekistan, Andijan E-mail: [email protected] Rakhmatillo Shermatov Assistant of Andijan Institute of Agriculture and Agrotechnology, Uzbekistan, Andijan РОЛЬ ГЕОДЕЗИЧЕСКИХ РАБОТ В ПРОЕКТИРОВАНИИ НАСОСНЫХ СТАНЦИЙ Саттиев Юнусбек Шахобиддинович ассистент Андижанского института сельского хозяйства и агротехнологии Республика Узбекистан, г. Андижан Шерматов Рахматилло Юлдашевич ассистент Андижанского института сельского хозяйства и агротехнологии Республика Узбекистан, г. Андижан ABSTRACT This article compares the benefits of using total station and traditional leveling methods for level surveying to create and update topographic plans in areas where waterworks are being built. These comparisons were evaluated on such items as preparatory work, picketing of the route, linking the route to the starting point, and leveling along the route axis. АННОТАЦИЯ В данной статье сравниваются преимущества использования электронных тахеометрических и традиционных ни- велирных методов съемки уровня для создания и обновления топографических планов в районах, где строятся гидротехнические сооружения. Эти сравнения оценивались по таким пунктам, как подготовительные работы, пикетирование маршрута, привязка маршрута к начальной точке и нивелировка по оси маршрута. Keywords: total station survey, leveling, tracing, survey, pump station, topographic survey, GPS-system. Ключевые слова: тахеометрическая съемка, нивелировка, трассировка, съемка, насосная станция, топогра- фическая съемка, GPS-система. ________________________________________________________________________________________________ High yields of agricultural products largely depend • Topographic survey; on the reliable and uninterrupted operation of water • Carrying out surface leveling and leveling works facilities, including pumping stations. In recent years, on the areas for vertical leveling; great attention has been paid to improving the efficiency • Creating plans (maps) and profiles; of water facilities and facilities. The efficiency of water • Drawing and design of linear structures, planning facilities, including pumping stations, depends on their of elements of irrigation and drainage networks. key performance indicators. Improving the efficiency of Geodetic works are of great importance in the pumping stations, improving the design of its equipment implementation of geodetic works in the project area on and facilities, as well as the study of local conditions and the basis of the project at the level of demand. factors that affect the efficiency of the machine-lifting In recent years, the introduction of modern complex, and the establishment of a system of scientific automated tools and technologies in the field of geodesy research.Nasos stansiyasini elementlarini joylashtirish, in the design, construction and reconstruction of unumli ishlashini ta’minlash va ekspluatatsiya vaqtida hydraulic structures in geodetic work and the foydalanishga qulay bo‘lishligi uchun quyidagi development of results on a computer using special geodezik ishlar olib boriladi: software, as well as graphic materials in a short time. It is known that a large amount of earthworks is carried out • Construction of planned and elevation geodetic during the construction of collectors and drains, so the substantiation (survey geodetic network) on the project area of the pump station; __________________________ Библиографическое описание: Sattiyev Y., Shermatov R. THE ROLE OF GEODESY WORK IN THE DESIGN OF PUMP STATIONS // Universum: технические науки : электрон. научн. журн. 2022. 4(97). URL: https://7universum.com/ru/tech/archive/item/13557
№ 4 (97) апрель, 2022 г. calculation of geodetic works on a modern electronic and saves time. causes. Therefore, we can compare total station, and the volume of earthworks on the basis traditional and modern leveling works (Figure 1,2). of a computer program, in turn increases productivity Figure 1. Perform measurements on an electronic total station Figure 2. Leveling in the traditional way From the above figures it can be seen that in the The descriptions of the time values spent for traditional method the levels have to be set at several geodetic measurements performed in the area where the points, while in a tacheometer we can focus from one pump station is being designed, we consider Table 1 point on all the characteristic points. below to compare the results. Table 1. Results Time costs (min.) No Technology stages Using an electronic Using H 3 levels total station and roulette 1 Preparatory work 10 15 30 30 2 Divide the route into pickets 15 40 15 30 3 Linking the route to the starting point 4 Leveling along the track axis Leveling the crossbars: - 10 a) Measure the distance between the intermediate points 5 using a tape measure 10 20 b) leveling of intermediate points c) recording, drawing and checking the measurement - 10 results 6 Manual download to computer to process measurement - 40 results 30 30 7 Development of measurement results, construction of 110 225 transverse and longitudinal profiles Total time spent 49
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№ 4 (97) апрель, 2022 г. COMPUTER SCIENCE, COMPUTER ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT DOI - 10.32743/UniTech.2022.97.4.13438 BIG DATA AND BENEFITS IN INFORMED DECISION MAKING IN FIRMS Zharas Kyyakhmetov Masters of IT project management, International IT University Almaty, Kazakhstan E-mail:[email protected] Mohamed Ahmed Hamada Associate professor, PhD Information system department, International IT University Almaty, Kazakhstan Email: [email protected] БОЛЬШИЕ ДАННЫЕ И ПРЕИМУЩЕСТВА ПРИНЯТИЯ ОБОСНОВАННЫХ РЕШЕНИЙ В КОМПАНИЯХ Кыяхметов Жарас магистр управления ИТ-проектами, Международный ИТ-университет, Республика Казахстан, г. Алматы Мохамед Ахмед Хамада ассоцированный профессор, PhD кафедра «Информационные системы», Международный ИТ-университет Республика Казахстан, г. Алматы ABSTRACT Big data analysis is a good opportunity to learn more about users and their preferences. The more accurate the infor- mation, the higher the corporate profit. Big data includes unstructured data sets of various kinds: text and multimedia files, metadata, etc. It is virtually impossible to analyses such information using traditional methods. Therefore, modern technologies built on AI, neural networks and deep learning are used for its analysis. Therefore, big data play a big role in the decision-making of companies. Most companies often use big data analysis in their development policies. This article uses an analytical research approach to study the selected topic. The purpose of the study is to analyses the latest articles on big data technology. There was also an analysis of documents related to the idea of companies using big data technologies to improve their business. АННОТАЦИЯ Анализ больших данных дает хорошую возможность узнать больше о пользователях и их предпочтениях. Чем точнее информация, тем выше прибыль компании. Большие данные включают в себя неструктурированные наборы данных различного рода: текстовые и мультимедийные файлы, метаданные и т. д. Анализ такой инфор- мации традиционными методами практически невозможен. Поэтому для его анализа используются современные технологии, построенные на ИИ, нейронных сетях и глубоком обучении. Поэтому большие данные играют боль- шую роль в принятии решений компаниями. Большинство компаний часто используют анализ больших данных в своей политике развития. В данной статье используется аналитический исследовательский подход к изучению выбранной темы. Целью исследования является анализ последних статей о технологии больших данных. Также был проведен анализ документов, связанных с идеей использования компаниями технологий больших данных для улучшения своего бизнеса. Keywords: big data, company policy, application of AI in business, new technologies. Ключевые слова: большие данные, политика компании, применение ИИ в бизнесе, новые технологии. ________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________ Библиографическое описание: Kyyakhmetov Z., Mohamed Ahmed Hamada BIG DATA AND BENEFITS IN IN- FORMED DECISION MAKING IN FIRMS // Universum: технические науки : электрон. научн. журн. 2022. 4(97). URL: https://7universum.com/ru/tech/archive/item/13438
№ 4 (97) апрель, 2022 г. Introduction idea of companies utilizing Big Data technologies in or- der to improve their businesses, run operations In the modern world the amount data that is being smoother, increase sales, reduce costs, increase market produced is immense. According to last computations, share, or sharpen their competitive edges. This was done the amount of data being produced doubles each 18 in order to gain insights on how companies can benefit months, which resembles Moore’s Law. Interestingly, from investment in and use of Big Data technologies in Moore was not able to see that his empirical findings order to do more informed decision making and under- about doubling pace of increase in the number of tran- stand the changing market environment in their respec- sistors on a chip is actually touching all aspects of infor- tive businesses. Consequently, the list of literature stud- mation processing and data available in our daily lives. ies has shown that majority of material contains the Consequently, in the modern world we a reliving in the same information and cover the same topics. Therefore, world where huge amounts of data are being introduced, we were able to identify several papers that help us attain while business are trying to utilize these bits in order to this paper objectives. The practical significance of the grow profits and improve operational performance. research is that the results reflected in the article can be used in further research. The first occurrence of huge amounts of data were reported in 1970s, when a group of researchers com- Literature review puted that this fugue will rise up to just below 2 trillion bits of data being produced by 2000. Moreover, later it According to Wamba S.F, Gunasekaran A., Akter S., was proved that the amount of data will be increasing Ren S. Ji-fan., Dubey R., Childe S.J. Big Data as a term and double each two years, which led to a conclusion and field is a recent phenomenon that occurred in the that availability of data and its production will have a world of information and communication technologies. growing trend. This finding laid a foundation for the def- Moreover, Big Data is highly expanding and increas- inition of “Big Data” that were historically established ingly changing field that is being implemented in many and described as increasing data in terms of its firstly, other fields. Currently, many professionals and scholars diversity, secondly, volume, and finally, speed. Moreover, in the field associate Big Data with current developed the first issue of Big Data was first witnessed by NASA technologies that are able to generate huge amount of scientists, who were unable to store the amount of data data that are used in a variety of forms and transfor- available for data visualization neither on computers nor on mations. This makes a definition of Big Data complex, hard disks (Wamba et al. 2017). and that complexity is even more complicated with the development of technologies, where a modern mobile In this paper we will show that industries encounter phone can process information that required at least ten issues with data such as growing amount of unstructured computers just 20 years ago (Wamba et al., 2017). data generated, since fail to transform and analyze data with existing MIS, while integration of Big Data tech- A more formal definition of Big Data is suggested nology helps with this and suggest better insights to de- by Small (2016) who stated that Big Data is massive cision makers, while insights value grow with the pool amounts of unstructured data that can be applied for of available data, consequently, making it “the more data knowing the environment and human experience. Fur- available, the better insights are produced by the Big Data ther, he states that Big Data is explained as wide utiliza- technology”. Furthermore, in order to prove this the paper tion of data that is being harvested by the use of digital will firstly, define Big Data and Big Data technology, technologies, thus, Big Data is currently being employed later suggest special features of Big Data such as volume, by firms to research and keep pulse on market dynamics diversity, speed, and reliability, and finally, show and and changes in client’s behavior in order to improve ef- discuss how Big Data technology can suggest value for ficiency of business operations. businesses in informed decision making. Another definition is suggested by Shabbir and The aim of the research is to analyze scientific Gardezi (2020) who state that Big Data is about massive publications about big data technology that contributes amounts of data that is growing every time and can not to informed decision making in companies. be stored modern hardware and software, thus, mostly people rely on variety of technologies in order to store Research question: How does big data analytics and analyze these unstructured data. This is possible contribute to informed decision making in companies? with the recent developments and introduction of things such as social media, high speed and widely available Methodology. This paper aims to study Big Data internet, mobile devices with sensors and cameras that and benefits it can bring to conventional businesses and are able to generate visuals, all these generate huge firms that rely on massive amounts of data collected amounts of unstructured data that can possess useful in- from their target environment. In order to do this, we formation. Thus, Big Data is about massive amounts of will rely on an analytical research paper approach. various data that are generated from different sources, Analytical research paper approach is useful, complies and current traditional approaches or technologies for its objectives of this paper since it suggests a question, and processing owned by firms make it costly or too time relies on information suggested by other researchers in consuming in order to get any insights from Big Data. order to provide their viewpoints and later produce a new viewpoint. Therefore, it was decided to study recent Big data analytics refers to a set of large amounts of articles on Big Data technology and review the history data and technologies that are collected from different and development of Big Data as a term. Furthermore, a sources and enable a business to gain an edge over its special focus was given to paper that are linked to the 52
№ 4 (97) апрель, 2022 г. competitors by improving business performance (Gan- from harvested or readily available information it takes domi, 2015). time to process and analyze them. In terms of businesses and firms, time is a valuable resources, since market and Goes P.B. defines the concept of big data as huge its characteristics are changing fast. Such massive volumes of numerous observational data used in deci- amounts of data require significant time resources in or- sion making (Goes, 2014). Schrock and Shockley have der to be processed, and firms mostly lack that time. described big data as real-time information, a non-tradi- tional form of media data, IT-driven data, social media, Finally, the last factor defining Big Data, is the reli- and massive data. While \"diversity\" and \"volume of big ability of conclusions drawn from processing of massive data\" have received considerable attention (Schroeck, data. Huge amounts of unstructured data can create a lot 2012). It is appropriate to mention here that analytical of noise, which in return can influence confusions drawn skills and tools are important “components” for big data by creating a bias or suggesting false results. Originally, analysis. Sun and Xu define big data analytics as a pro- Big data contained three main pillars such as speed, di- cedure for accumulating, consolidating, scrutinizing and versity, and volume of data available, while the reliabil- using large datasets from heterogeneous and autonomous ity of data is a newly added factors as defined by IBM resources to identify patterns and other pertinent infor- (2022). mation to make better management decisions (Sun, 2015). Big Data technology enabling more informed de- Result and Discussion cision making for businesses. It is not a secret that Big Data technologies and systems enable companies to pro- Research has shown that when it comes to firms cess and analyze both structured and unstructured forms benefitting from the use of Big Data at least six different of data from various sources. Moreover, this is a prelim- point can be mentioned such as lowering the risk of client inary reason why big companies and corporations rely loss or improving brand loyalty, personalized pricing or on Big Data solutions, since they are able to harvest huge, adjusted offers meeting individual needs of clients, massive of information from their clients. A good example automating the call center, automating maintenance is Amazon that was able to increase sales by 35% through processes, improvement or continuous improvements its platform by suggesting individually tailored offers in the existing provided service of the company. that rely on Big Data processing (Wamba et. al., 2017). Interestingly, big corporations and firms are not the only Continuing Big Data is recent term that is character- ones to enjoy Big Data solutions, small firms can also ized as a set of technologies and structures that can deal utilize Big Data in order to gain insights from still huge (process) with massive amounts of unstructured data. amounts of data they receive and produce more in- Such technologies and structures enable fast harvesting formed decision making or improve efficiency of oper- of data, processing, analyzing in order to get useful in- ations while boosting sales or increasing it market share. sights from the pool of increasingly producing unstruc- This can be seen through the revision of Fortune 1000 tured data. IBM one of the leading business analytics companies, where almost 9 in 10 companies is investing service provider describes Big Data as a technology or in Big Data technologies (Wamba et. al., 2017), while a system that enables firms to utilize huge amounts of data good example of small firms relying on Big Data are call in order to get insights and produce informed decision centers. Given this, a review of literature on Big Data making (IBM, 2022). Big Data as a platform contains application among firms show that there are at least varieties of technologies and systems for working with 6 ways in which firms can benefit. massive amounts of structured and unstructured data that often tied to modern technologies that rely on flexi- The first benefit of relying on Big Data technologies bility, set task exploring, discovery, and analyses of comes from lowering the risk of client loss or improv- data. Furthermore, IBM suggest a systematic vision of ing brand loyalty. Big Data enables firms and corpora- characteristics of Big Data and states that factors such as tions to track digital footprints of its clients and under- volume of data, diversity of data, speed of processes, re- stand their behavior when it comes to services and prod- liability of insights gained define Big Data. ucts they suggest. Big Data for client management can warn the management on any potential risk operations Firstly, when it comes to volume of data, it is char- or actions that may lead to a client loss, also it can sug- acterized as massive amounts of information that is gest insight on client attraction. available for further processing and analyzes. For instance, a single Airbus flight carrier is able to produce 80 tera- The second benefit of reliance on Big Data is per- bytes of information in just one hour, while a popular social sonalized pricing or adjusted offers meeting individ- media such as Facebook 50 terabytes of information. ual needs of clients. By relying on big Data and analyz- ing the behavior of customers from unstructured data it The second factor defining Big Data is diversity is possible to model purchasing behavior of customers, that can be found when harvesting massive data. Nowa- thus adjust the product or service suggested according days, technologies enable firms to receive terabytes of to the wants or expectations of the client. However, such information that often comes in the form of structured, practices may have blurred lines between suggesting semi-structure, and unstructured data. Possible examples personalized product or service to a client or price dis- include data harvested in the form of images, infor- criminating by revealing the preferences of a client mation filled in forms, interactions within the internet of via Big Data technology. things, and other. The next characteristics of Big Data is speed of pro- cesses. When it comes to valuable insights generated 53
№ 4 (97) апрель, 2022 г. The next benefit to companies from utilization of Conclusion Big Data technology comes in the form of automating the call center. This is possible by processing of already In this paper we have revised Big Data technology performed interviews and algorithms that can work with and systems. We have provided a definition for Big Data human speech. Automated call centers can perform all and found that the there is not clear consensus, but many days and weeks suggest 24/7 and 365 performance, and agree that Big Data is about massive amounts of data harvesting the data company needs. At the same time that is growing and is often available in unstructured or analyzes of unstructured data of clients can suggest bet- structured forms via the use of modern technology. At ter timing when automated call centers can reach clients the same time this paper introduced four main character- (Wang, 2016). istics of Big Data technology such as volume, speed, di- versity of data, and reliability of produced results. Another benefit suggested by Big Data technology is an opportunity to automate maintenance processes Moreover, in this paper we covered the benefits of of the company. This is applicable in fields where com- relying on Big Data and investing in it in order to produce pany personnel relies on sensors in order to initiate re- more informed decision making in firms and corporations. sponse or reactive active respectively. For instance, big Businesses mainly witness and face the issues of con- data can be used to analyze patterns in sensor data and stantly increasing massive of data with their reach and suggest required actions during the process of plant local environment. Moreover, previously relied on man- growth. Using visual data and data from sensors it is agement information systems (MIS) had no opportunity possible to fully automate plant growth, maintenance to rely with these massive since time and resources and even harvesting. This will add to company’s values required for processing proved to be not economical, thus since it will produce more accurate, 24 to 7 to 365 per- managers failed to gain insights from unstructured data. formance and will erode human factor related risks. Similarly, this approach can be used in order to predict In this case, it was proven that the use of Big Data and prevent accidents before (Wang, 2018; Mikalef, 2018). technology and systems becomes efficient and benefi- cial. Big Data suggests a solution in this case by pro- The final benefit from relying on Big data can be in cessing of unstructured data from various sources and the form of improvement or continuous improvements analyzing them. Moreover, the time and resources re- in the existing provided service of the company. One quirements in Big Data is more than feasible. Conse- of the most vivid and growing application of this kind quently, in this paper we have shown that at least in 6 of benefit is linked to health care services. Previously, aspects Big Data can suggests benefits to firms and com- doctors were able to determine illness or suggest a cure panies. The list of benefits included lowering the risk of by merely relying on their knowledge and experience. client loss or improving brand loyalty, personalized With growing digitalization of health care services and pricing or adjusted offers meeting individual needs of growing history of cases it is getting more and more pos- clients, automating the call center, automating mainte- sible to rely on these data in order to perform doctor’s nance processes, improvement or continuous improve- job via reliance on Big Data processing and analyzes. ments in the existing provided service of the company. Consequently, we can view that Big Data technology Consequently, big data provides company managers an and systems can be implemented in a variety of ways opportunity to process, analyze and extract insights from and these variety will be growing with rising digitaliza- massive of unstructured data harvested. These insights tion and development of technology. At the same time, can be used to produce more informed decision making, businesses can rely on Big Data in order to achieve bet- improve sales, boost market share, and reduce risks of ter sales, increased market share, reduced loss of clients, client loss. Moreover, the pace of increase in the amount and automated or improved operations. of data is increasing with time, while more data can sug- gest more insight and more accurate results. References: 1. Ferraris A., et al. Big data analytics capabilities and knowledge management: impact on firm performance // Manage Decis. – 2019, - №57, - рр.1923–36. 2. Gandomi A., Haider M. Beyond the hype: big data concepts, methods, and analytics // Int J Inf Manage., - 2015, - Vol. 2. №35, - рр.137–44. 3. Goes P.B. Editor’s comments: big data and IS research // MIS Q. – 2014, Vol. 3, № 38, - pp. 3–8. 4. IBM. 2022. Characteristics of Big Data. Available at: https://www.ibm.com/analytics/big-data-analytics (date accessed: March 7, 2022). 5. Mikalef P., et al. Big data analytics capabilities: a systematic literature review and research agenda // Inf Syst e-Bus Manage. – 2018, - Vol.3. - №16, - рр. 547–578. 6. Schroeck M., et al. Analytics: the real-world use of big data // IBM Glob Bus Serv. – 2012, - №12, - pp.1–20. 7. Shabbir M.Q., Gardezi S.B.W. Application of big data analytics and organizational performance: the mediating role of knowledge management practices // J Big Data, - 2020, - №7, - р. 47. 8. Small B. Best Practice Guideline: Big Data. Available at: https://silo.tips/download/best-practice-guideline-big-data (date accessed: December 11, 2016). 54
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№ 4 (97) апрель, 2022 г. MECHANICAL ENGINEERING AND MACHINE SCIENCE DOI - 10.32743/UniTech.2022.97.4.13453 THEORETICAL SUBSTANTIATION OF RECOVERY OF HIGH PRESSURE FUEL PUMPS OF MARINE ENGINES (HPPU) BY DIFFUSION METALLIZATION OF PLUG PAIRS Alakbar Gulahmad Huseynov prof., & Head of the department Special technologies and equipment, of the Azerbaijan Technical University, Azerbaijan, Baku E-mail: [email protected] Gharib Rashad Doctorate student of the Azerbaijan State Maritime Academy, Azerbaijan, Baku ТЕОРЕТИЧЕСКОЕ ОБОСНОВАНИЕ ВОССТАНОВЛЕНИЯ ТОПЛИВНЫХ НАСОСОВ ВЫСОКОГО ДАВЛЕНИЯ СУДОВЫХ ДВИГАТЕЛЕЙ (ТНВД) ПУТЕМ ДИФФУЗИОННОЙ МЕТАЛЛИЗАЦИИ ПЛУНЖЕРНЫХ ПАР Алекпер Гюльахмед Гусейнов проф., зав. кафедрой Специальные технологии и оборудование, Азербайджанского Технического Университета, Республика Азербайджан, г. Баку Рашад Гариб Гоюшов докторант Азербайджанской Государственной Морской Академии, Республика Азербайджан, г. Баку ABSTRACT Ensuring the work of repair enterprises in a market economy improving the level of its production depends on maintaining competitive characteristics. This can be attributed to the constant improvement of the repair technology of plunjer pairs of high-pressure fuel pumps of ship engines. Until now, a number of methods have been developed and implemented by research institutes and operational enterprises for the restoration of preseason parts of high-pressure fuel pumps of ship engines. АННОТАЦИЯ Обеспечение работы ремонтных предприятий в условиях рыночной экономики, повышение уровня их производства зависит от сохранения конкурентных характеристик. Это можно объяснить постоянным совершенствованием технологии ремонта плунжерных пар топливных насосов высокого давления судовых двигателей. До настоящего времени научно-исследовательскими институтами и эксплуатационными предприятиями был разработан и внедрен ряд методов восстановления предсезонных деталей топливных насосов высокого давления судовых двигателей. Keywords: plunger pairs, recovery, ship engines, high-pressure, fuel pumps. Ключевые слова: плунжерные пары, рекуперация, судовые двигатели, высокого давления, топливные насосы. ________________________________________________________________________________________________ Introduction conditions. The recovery methods of the presection The essence of each of them is determined by the details of the high-pressure fuel pumps of ship engines goals and capabilities of repair enterprises. work to ensure that the costs of their recovery are minimal when implemented. In this case, it is necessary The wide nomenclature of restored details and the to take into account the multiplicity of factors affecting variety of methods for their restoration are among the the repair enterprise of ship engines and the technology pressing problems of choosing the most optimal option of that enterprise. of many technological solutions for specific production __________________________ Библиографическое описание: Huseynov A.G., Goyushov R.G. THEORETICAL SUBSTANTIATION OF RECOV- ERY OF HIGH PRESSURE FUEL PUMPS OF MARINE ENGINES (HPPU) BY DIFFUSION METALLIZATION OF PLUG PAIRS // Universum: технические науки : электрон. научн. журн. 2022. 4(97). URL: https://7universum.com/ru/tech/archive/item/13453
№ 4 (97) апрель, 2022 г. In addition to ensuring the operating conditions, the the optimal method for one detail can not be considered technological process of restoring the preseason details optimal for the whole group of details. of high-pressure fuel pumps of ship engines should be economically profitable for repair enterprises (mainly in Also, the analysis of expressions (1) and (2) shows a market economy). In this coherent relationship, it is that the СВ and КД values are the same when evaluating important to understand that complex approaches and the recovery method. Thus, given the current trends in numerous factors: constructive, technological, production, the production of ship engines and the economy, the operation, etc. it is advisable to use its compatibility. importance of these indicators as a whole is not equal. In modern times, improving the reliability of high- At the same time, when analyzing the cost and pressure fuel pumps of ship engines is one of the method of recovery of the annual production program pressing issues for the national economy. So, the for the restoration of prefabricated parts of high-pressure processing of the technique 20...30 times decreased, and fuel pumps of ship engines, it is expedient to divide the the delivery of spare parts decreased dramatically. program (N) into variable (Cd) and fixed (CO) costs. In this case, depending on the annual program, the cost of Due to this, the demand for the restoration of worn restoration of details is determined by the following prefabricated parts of high-pressure fuel pumps of ship expression: engines is growing. Therefore, one of the important issues is the choice and justification of the method of СВ = Сd N + СO . (3) restoration of worn parts during the development of the process of technological recovery of plunger pairs of The advantage of this method is that for the first high-pressure fuel pumps of ship engines [1, 2]. time an economic approach based on technical and economic criteria has been applied to evaluate the Main part methods of restoration of pre-section details of ship engines. This is due not only to the cost of restoration of Analysis of the literature and research has shown parts, but also to the cost of the process of preparation that in modern times, the evaluation of methods for the for mechanical processing after their restoration. restoration of pre-section details of high-pressure fuel pumps of ship engines is often carried out according to Considering the works of [1, 2] professor I.S. For general criteria: the first time, Levitsky proposed to choose a rational method of recovery, taking into account the transport G = CВi → min; (1) costs and the program for the delivery of worn parts: К Дi i Gi = CВi + ЕН КУДi → min, (2) СВ = А В + ВВ DВ + α В WВ (4) К Дi , WВ NВ One of the optimal methods for the restoration of Substituting these values in expression (4), presection details of ship engines is the method with the we obtain a formula for determining the coefficients АВ lowest value of the Gi factor. It is expedient to determine and ВВ (Figure 1). If the П1 program is insignificant, the optimality criterion for individual details according to formulas (1) and (2). As a rule, repair companies incur we obtain expressions that help to calculate the value of certain costs associated with the restoration of parts, and the coefficients АВ and ВВ by taking the cost of restoring this detail and calculating the cost of its restoration in different ways (Figure 2). Figure 1. Determination of the coefficients АВ and ВВ, depending on the cost of repairing the exact details of high-pressure fuel pumps of ship engines and the cost of the part 57
№ 4 (97) апрель, 2022 г. Figure 2. Determination of the coefficients АВ and ВВ, depending on the cost of the recovery process with different options[3,5] Gi = (Ci + Cэi )Ni + Ен (Кi + Кэi ) → min, (5) K1, K2, K3, К4 are determined during the restoration Т вi of the exact details of high-pressure fuel pumps of ship engines with diffusion chromium in vacuum. Research (5) refers to a feasibility study that takes into account by the authors of [4,5] shows that this criterion shows a and estimates the cost of repairing the pre-section details more objective assessment of the effectiveness of detail of high-pressure fuel pumps for ship engines as a whole. restoration methods compared to the feasibility study. Thus, the study of these works shows that it does not This criterion will allow for an objective assessment give a perfect objective assessment of the technical level of the method of restoration of worn parts. of the technology of restoration of precession details of high-pressure fuel pumps of ship engines. In addition, СВi = Gi → min, (8) indicators of different origins are taken into account in Тi the assessment, but no reliable method for determining their quantitative coefficients has been developed. Also, Therefore, in order to justify the optimal recovery the value of these and other indicators depends on various method, it is necessary to take into account the socio-economic aspects of the country's economic maximum number of factors that affect the total amount development. of certain costs. Modern new approaches with rational (optimal) Conclusions substantiation of the methods of restoration of worn details are given in the works of professor A.N.Batishev. 1. In modern times, when strengthening and He proposed to optimize the technological process of restoring the preview details of high-pressure fuel recovery according to energy criteria. It takes into pumps of ship engines, repair facilities are subject to account the longevity coefficient and all energy costs, as strict conditions from different points of view: well as live labor energy from the production of economic, technological process, working conditions, necessary materials to the final processing of parts. environmental safety and energy costs. эi = К1i К 2 → min, 2. When developing a mathematical model, it is more expedient to use the theoretical foundations of КДi 2i (6) production functions. In this case, it is possible to assess the effectiveness of certain costs that make up the The author of the proposed criterion notes that due technological process and choose the optimal method of to the impact of prices on energy carriers (mainly their recovery of worn parts of high-pressure fuel pumps of increase), it can not always meet the economic criteria ship engines. of the enterprise. 3. The theoretical basis of the technological process In this regard, taking into account the economic of restoration of worn parts should be based on the interests of specific ship repair enterprises, it was proposed methods of restoration to ensure the required reliability to optimize the methods of restoration of pre-section of the restored parts. The optimal method of restoring details of high-pressure fuel pumps of ship engines worn parts will solve a number of problems by according to the combined (complex) criterion. It takes minimizing the cost of operating high-pressure fuel into account costs, energy consumption, longevity and pumps of ship engines. economic ratio: Кэi = К 1i К 2i К 3i К 4i Кмi , (7) Кдi 58
№ 4 (97) апрель, 2022 г. Reference: 1. Астахов И.В. и др. Подача и распыливание топлива в дизелях. -М.: Машиностроение, 1971.-359 с. 2. Адлер Ю.Л., Марков Е.В., Грановский Ю.В. Планирование эксперимента при поиске оптимальных условий. – М.: Наука, 1976.- 279 с. 3. Антропов Б., Слабов Е. Еще раз о пылевом износе//Автомобильный транспорт, 2001, № 9, с. 35-38 4. Андрейкив А.Е., Чернец М.В. Оценка контактного взаимодействия трущихся деталей машин. Киев, Наукова думка, 1991, 154 с. 5. Антипов В.В. Износ прецизионных деталей и нарушение характеристики топливной аппаратуры дизеля. М., Машиностроение, 1972, 176 с. 59
№ 4 (97) апрель, 2022 г. WEIGHT DISTRIBUTION OF THE MACHINE-TRACTOR UNIT WHEN LIFTING UNIVERSAL POWER EQUIPMENT Omadjon Mamatqulov Master’s degree, Tashkent State Technical University named after Islam Karimov Uzbekistan, Tashkent E-mail: [email protected] Xasanboy Toychiyev Assistant, Andijan Machine-Building Institute. Uzbekistan, Andijan РАСПРЕДЕЛЕНИЕ ВЕСА МАШИННО-ТРАКТОРНОГО АГРЕГАТА ПРИ ПОДЪЕМЕ УНИВЕРСАЛЬНОЙ СИЛОВОЙ ТЕХНИКИ Маматқулов Омаджон Орипжон угли магистрант Ташкентский Государственный Технический Университет имени Ислама Каримова Республика Узбекистан, г. Ташкент Туйчиев Хасанбой Тохир угли ассистент, Андижанский машиностроительный институт Республика Узбекистан, г. Андижан ABSTRACT The article finds that the total weight of the aggregate is distributed along the axes to ensure the longitudinal stability and control of the machine aggregate when the universal power tool is aggregated with the cotton picking machine. The tire brand is selected for the rear and front wheels of the tractor. АННОТАЦИЯ В статье установлено, что общий вес агрегата распределяется по осям для обеспечения продольной устойчивости и управляемости агрегатной машины при агрегатировании универсального электроинструмента с хлопкоуборочной машиной. Марка шин подбирается для задних и передних колес трактора. Keywords: universal energy engine, stability, steering, wheel, base reaction, weight. Ключевые слова: универсальный энергетический двигатель, устойчивость, рулевое управление, руль, базовая реакция, вес. ________________________________________________________________________________________________ In our country, agricultural machinery and tractors Currently, there is a clear trend in the world to use that can perform certain types of processes are used to power vehicles capable of aggregating with several harvest each type of crop. For example, tractors, special types of agricultural machinery. The use of this technol- types of techniques are used for tillage, sowing and in- ogy will reduce the number of agricultural machinery tercropping, and for harvesting crops. In particular, it re- fleets and reduce the cost of agricultural products. quires the use of grain harvesters for grain harvesting, special forage harvesters, and other types of machines For this purpose, the following schemes are pro- for harvesting cotton. posed for the performance of agricultural work of the Universal Energy Vehicle (UEV) on the basis of a mod- This will lead to an increase in the number of agri- ernized TTZ tractor (Figure 1). cultural machines and an increase in the cost of produc- tion in agricultural production. __________________________ Библиографическое описание: Mamatqulov O.O., Toychiyev X.T. WEIGHT DISTRIBUTION OF THE MACHINE- TRACTOR UNIT WHEN LIFTING UNIVERSAL POWER EQUIPMENT // Universum: технические науки : электрон. научн. журн. 2022. 4(97). URL: https://7universum.com/ru/tech/archive/item/13380
№ 4 (97) апрель, 2022 г. Figure 1. Recommended schemes of harvesting machines on the basis of UEV TTZ: a - with a rotary sickle-grinder; b - with forage harvester; v - with a cotton harvester; g - with a poultry collection unit; d - with a cotton swab grinder The UEV is traditionally a mobile machine, aggre- the UEV must be replaced by the coordinates of the cen- gated with machines, designed to perform harvesting ter of gravity a_a and h_a when the UEV is connected to and other field work. the suspension unit, we define it as follows [3]: When UEVs are aggregated with suspension units, ������������ = ������������−������������������������ (1) it is necessary to determine the distribution of the total ������−������������ weight of the center of gravity of the machine tractor unit (MTA) between the wheels. In this case, the main ℎ������ = ������ℎ−������������ℎ������ (2) task is to ensure the flexibility of the MTA in the transport ������+������������ mode [3]. where ������ + ������������=������������–MTA weight; ������������ – weight of sus- To determine the center of gravity of the MTA (Fig- pension machine; ������������, ℎ������ – coordinates of the longitudi- ure 2), the coordinates of the center of gravity a and h of nal and transverse centers of gravity of the suspension. Figure 2. Calculation scheme of MTA aggregated with a suspension unit in the horizontal plane 61
№ 4 (97) апрель, 2022 г. During the design of the UEV, it is necessary to The weight of the MTA on the rear wheels is as fol- check the stability and control when connected to the suspension unit [1]. lows: The distribution of the total weight of the MTA on ������������2 = ������������+������������������������ + ������������������ − ������������1, (8) the wheels leads to an improvement in the ability to con- trol during operation, and stability is ensured when mov- where Rz1 is the reaction acting on the front wheels, kN; ing in a transport position with the suspension unit. Rz2 - reaction acting on the rear wheel, kN; Gb - bunker Therefore, when working with UEV suspension and weight, kg; GUEV– UEV weight, kg; Speech - the weight semi-suspension units, it is recommended that the total of the device mounted on the suspension, kN; a is the weight distribution of the MTA between the wheels be distance from the center of the rear wheel to the center in the following relationship (in percent) [1] of gravity of the UEV, m; aan - distance from the center of the hardware mounted on the suspension to the center ������������1 ÷ ������������2 = 45 ÷ 55 (3) of the rear wheel UEV, m; l- is the distance from the center of gravity of the bunker to the center of the UEV According to the longitudinal stability condition of front wheel, m. the MTA [1]. The weights distributed on the front and rear wheels are expressed as percentages as follows ������������1 ≥ 0; (4) ������������ = ������������1 ∙ 100% (9) ������������г According to the governance condition of the MTA ������������ = ������������2 ∙ 100% [1]. ������������г ������������1 ≥ ������������������1������������ (5) When the UEV GOT is equipped with a cotton pick- ing machine and the front bunker is loaded and un- To ensure steering when the UEV is driven with loaded, the rear and front wheel tires are under different maximum suspension, the weight on the front wheels loads. In this case, the force of gravity on a single rear must be at least 20% of the total weight of the MTA, and wheel is determined as follows [1]. it must meet the following condition [2]: ������������ = ������������1,2 2 (10) ������������������1������������ = 0,20(������������+������������������������ + ������������������) = 0,20������������г (6) According to the formula (10), tires for UEV front and rear wheels are selected depending on the load in the According to the calculation scheme (Figure 2), GOT in accordance with GOST 7463-2003 [4]. the weight of the MTA on the front wheels is determined as follows [2] Formulas (7) and (8) are mainly based on the UEV's cotton picking unit when the bunker is in the full posi- ������������1 = ������������(������+������)+������������������������������−������������������������������������ (7) tion, the weights distributed on the front and rear wheels ������ are 41% (2990kg) on the front wheels, 59% (4310 kg) on the rear wheels. 34% (2227 kg) on the wheels and 66% (4373 kg) on the rear wheels. This means that the condition in formula (3) is met. Bibliography: 1. Ахметов А.А., Ахмедов Ш.А. Хлопководческий универсально-пропашной трактор с регулируемым клиренсом. – Ташкент: Фан, 2016.– 160 с. 2. Попов В.Б. Математическое моделирование подъемно-навесных устройств мобильных энергетических средств. / В.Б. Попов. – Гомель: ГГТУ им. П.О. Сухого, 2016. – 251 с. 3. Поспелов Ю.А.Устойчивость трактора.-М.: Машиностроение, 1966.-248 с. 4. ГОСТ 7463-2003 Межгосударственный стандарт.Шины пневматические для тракторов и сельскохозяйственных машин. Технические условия. -Москва, ИПК Издательство стандартов. -2004, -25 с. 3 steps to transport dan- gerous goods in Uzbekistan S Ulkanov, F Gulomov - Science and Education, 2022. 5. A Nozimbek, T Khasanboy, T Elbek, U Sardor-improvement of physical and mechanical properties of plastic parts used in machine building Universum: технические науки, 2021. 6. L.Y. Bakirov, G.I. Mamaev, A.B. Djumabayev Traffic safety in on-street parking area босма ISSN: 2350-0328 International Journal of Advanced Research in Science, Engineering and Technology Vol. 8, Issue 5 , May 2021 17388- 17391. 7. Мамасолиев Б.М., Косимов М.М., Абдусаттаров Н.Х. Технология производства стальных колес автомобилей и недостатки в их производстве // Universum: технические науки : электрон. научн. журн. 2021. 3(84). URL: https://7universum.com/ru/tech/archive/item/11401 (дата обращения: 25.03.2021). 62
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