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149 A curriculum For Upper Secondary Schools Subject: English As the interaction among countries is increasing in the world, interdependence among countries is deepening. As a result, along with international competition, international cooperation is becoming more important. Due to the development of information technology, a move towards a knowledge and information-based society requires all components of a society, from individuals to government policies, to be able to understand and communicate knowledge and information. English, being the most widely used language, is playing an important role in the communication and bonding between people of different cultures and languages. For secondary school students who have to survive in the highly competitive world in the future, the ability to communicate in English is an essential skill that they have to learn at school. To contribute to the nation and the society, the ability to understand and use English is essential. The ability to communicate in English will act as an important bridge connecting different countries, and will be the driving force in developing our country, forming trust among various countries and cultures in the world. The English at secondary schools, the interest that students have developed in English since primary school should be continually encouraged, while developing the basic ability to communicate in English. At the same time, students should be exposed to a variety of educational experiences which can develop their fluency and accuracy. Fostering the ability to communicate in English is an important goal of English education. However, humanity education is also important, so the lessons should help students to cultivate a sound morality to become good citizens. Also, proper understanding of foreign cultures, an international appreciation, and a cooperative spirit as a civilized citizen should be developed. Henceforth, the Upper Secondary School Curriculum is intentionally produced to meet the requirement of the Lao society and highly competitive world economy. I. Objectives •To develop Lao students’ English language skills, •To introduce English knowledge and skills from basic to pre-intermediate levels to Lao students, •To introduce various Lao events, phenomena, stories in English to Lao students, •To introduce English communication skills in different situations and places to Lao students, •To introduce various foreign information to Lao students in English, •To introduce Laos , people, language, cultures, traditions, believes, custom, festivals and etc., in English, •To encourage students to translate English vocabulary, sentences into Lao and vice versa. A. Knowledge •knowledge of English language and communication skill from basic to pre-intermediate level •knowledge of using English as a foundation for further study, •knowledge of using English vocabulary and grammar, •knowledge of using English to describe places, objects, people, simple events etc…, •knowledge of expressing simple needs and preferences in English language, •knowledge of using English to compare the differences and similarities between things, lts';o]y0tlyf 3fp lD;Dl

150 B. Skills •Applying four basic English skills (Reading, Listening, Writing, Speaking), •Applying basic translation skills, •Applying Basic English Communication Skills.ListeningSpeakingReadingWritingListen to shorts conversations, dialogues in various workplaces, different short and simple stories. Speak simple and Read simple and informal discussionsand passages, talksabout massages, letters, differentevents,phenomena, stories, foreign information and topics they have learnt. short paragraphs, stories and etc… Write simple and short sentences, paragraphs, passages, massages, letters, stories and etc… C. Attitudes and Values a. Attitudes • Willingness to learn the English language, • Willingness to use English in communication in daily lives and at different place, • Willingness to use English for further Education b. Values • Having self-confidence, • Appreciating their cultures and understanding other cultures, • Realizing good morality of Lao people, • Preserving culture and environment, • Being proud of own community and identity II. The syllabus outlines (Contents) A. Grade:Mattayom 5B. Time allotment: 3 hours/week x 34 = 102 hours/academic year C. Academic: two semesters Semester I Unit Lesson Time Competencies Unit 1 Families Lesson 1 My family Lesson 2 Lao traditional familiesLesson 3 Modern and traditional families 10 hrs •Describing, discussing and comparing modern and traditional families •Simple Present Tense •Adjectives of quality lts';o]y0tlyf 3fp lD;Dl

151 Unit 2 Home Lesson 1 Lao traditional houses Lesson 2 Looking for an accommodation Lesson 3 Modern and traditional houses 10 hrs houses •Describing, discussing and comparing modern and traditional •Simple Present Tense •Comparative of adjectives Unit 3 Schools Lesson 1 School timetable Lesson 2 School discipline Lesson 3 Around the school 10 hrs •Describing school timetable, talking about discipline. •Quantitative adjectives •Simple Present Tense Unit 4 Animals Lesson 1 Pets Lesson 2 Wild animals Lesson 3 Birds 10 hrs •Describing, discussing and reporting about different kind of animals and their stories Unit 5 Jobs Lesson 1 What is your job? Lesson 2 Job interview Lesson 3 When I leave school 10 hrs •Describing, learning about different kind of jobs, the procedures of job interview in English speaking countries •Future jobs •Be going to Unit 6 Revision Review unit 1 to 5 6 hrs •Recycling language points Total56 hrsSemester IIUnit 7 Festivals Lesson 1 Lao traditional festivals Lesson 2 Chinese astrology Lesson 3 International festivals 10 hrs •Knowing about history and celebration of different kind of festivals both traditional and international festivals Unit 8 Communication Lesson 1 Making a phone call Lesson 2 Sending a letter Lesson 3 Greeting card 10 hrs •Introducing and following simple communication instructions •Imperative structures lts';o]y0tlyf 3fp lD;Dl

152 Unit 9 Markets and shopping Lesson 1 Markets in Vientiane Lesson 2 We love shopping Lesson 3 Spending behaviours 10 hrs •Differentiate products •Price of products •Offering advices Unit 10 Sports and games Lesson 1 The 25 SEA GAMES Lesson 2 My favorite sports Lesson 3 Big match 10 hrs •Differentiate types of sports and games •Expressing interests •Unit 11 Revision Review unit 7 - 10 6 hrs language points •Recycling Total46 hrs A. Grade:Mattayom 6B. Time allotment: 3 hours/week x 34 = 102 hours/academic year C. Academic: two semesters Semester I UnitLessonAllotted time Competencies Unit 1 Hobbies Lesson 1 Favorite hobbies Lesson 2 My leisure times Lesson 3 At a library 10 hrs Describing and telling about favorite activities in free time Writing letter to friends Explaining what something is Unit 2 Transports Lesson 1 Types of transportLesson 2 How can I get to the friendship bridge? Lesson 3 Bus services10 hrs Describing different types of transport Explaining how to use bus service Unit 3 Travelling and tourism Lesson 1 On holiday Lesson 2 At the airport Lesson 3 Travelling to Luangprabang 10 hrs Finding out the travelling information from different sources and talk about the different stages of the trip Unit 4 Visiting places Lesson 1 Famous tourist sites 10 hrs Describing places lts';o]y0tlyf 3fp lD;Dl

153 Lesson 2 Travelling around Vientiane Lesson 3 At Ho Phrakeo Asking for information Giving information Asking for directions Giving directions Unit 5 Health and fitness Lesson 1 A healthy life Lesson 2 Staying fits Lesson 3 At a doctor’s 10 hrs Telling about the symptoms and their causes Unit 6 Revision Review unit 1 to 5 6 hrs Recycling language points Total56 hrs Semester IIUnit 7 Diseases Lesson 1 AIDS Lesson 2 Malaria Lesson 3 Bird Flu 10 hrs Telling about the symptoms and their causes Unit 8 Geography Lesson 1 Where is Laos? Lesson 2 Rivers in Laos Lesson 3 ASEAN Countries 10 hrs Describing about the locations of the countries, rivers and mountains Unit 9 Weather and climate Lesson 1 Seasons in Laos Lesson 2 The weather forecast Lesson 3 The weather in Europe 10 hrs Describing about the weather in Laos and abroad Finding information from the graph Unit 10 Population Lesson 1 People in LaosLesson 2 Mother and child Lesson 3 Bouasy is from Xiengkhuang 10 hrs Describing living style of Lao people and Lao people living in different places Describing healthcare Revision Review unit 7 to 10 6hrs language points Recycling Total46 hrs lts';o]y0tlyf 3fp lD;Dl

154 A. Grade:Mattayom 7B. Time allotment: 4 hours/week x 34 = 136 hours/academic year C. Academic: two semesters Semester I Unit Lesson Time Competencies Unit 1 Wonderful world Lesson 1 The great wonders in the world Lesson 2 The world heritage sites Lesson 3 The widest waterfall in Asia12 hrs heritage sites in Describing ancient wonders in the world Telling world Laos Describing widest waterfall in Asia Unit 2 Road accidents Lesson 1 Traffic problems in towns Lesson 2 Traffic signs Lesson 3 Traffic Rules 12 hrs effect Simple present tense Cause and Understanding traffic signs and rules Unit 3 Education Lesson 1 Education in Laos Lesson 2 School days Lesson 3 Leaving school12 hrs activities in Describing education system in Laos Describing school days Describing activities out of school time Unit 4 Holidays Lesson 1 Holidays in Laos Lesson 2 Holiday plans Lesson 3 At a roadside restaurant12 hrs Describing holidays in Laos Telling holiday plans Describing roadside restaurant Unit 5 GeographyLesson 1 Laos Lesson 2 Weather Lesson 3 Tourist sites 12 hrs Describing the location of the country, rivers, and mountains Unit 6 Agriculture Lesson 1 Coffee growing Lesson 2 Farm animals Lesson 3 12 hrs plantation Describing coffee Describing farm animals lts';o]y0tlyf 3fp lD;Dl

155 Irrigation Explaining about the irrigation system Revision Review unit 1-6 2 hrs Recycling language points Total74 hrs Semester IIUnit 7 Wildlife Lesson 1 Endangered animals Lesson 2 Conserving wildlife Lesson 3 Forests 12 hrs Knowing about Describing endanger species of animals animal and forest conservation Unit 8 The environment Lesson 1 Living in the big cities Lesson 2 Rubbish burning Lesson 3 The lively cities 12 hrs Describing city living condition Protecting environment Describing the lively cities Unit 9 The trends Lesson 1 Population growth Lesson 2 Economic development Lesson 3 Changes12 hrs economic Describing the growth of population Describing development Describing changes of society Unit 10 Culture Lesson 1 Do and Don’t Lesson 2 Festivals Lesson 3 Tradition 12 hrs different Telling what should do or shouldn’t do Describing festivals Describing different traditions Unit 11 The job opportunities Lesson 1 Job application Lesson 2 Fill in the form Lesson 3 Job interview 12 hrs Finding out information Filling in forms Preparing for job interview Revision Review unit 7- 10 2 hrs Recycling word points and grammar points Total62 hrs lts';o]y0tlyf 3fp lD;Dl

156 III.Teaching Techniques •seminar form (Presentation Practice Production) •student centered technique •substitution-drills •translation •pair work/group work Teaching materials •student textbook •teacher manual •flash cards, posters, pictures, boards and other audio-visual aids IV.Assessment •Attendance / classroom activities participation 10 % •class work / homework10%•monthly test30 %•semester examination50%Teaching materials: The materials that can be used in the teaching of English language in upper secondary schools are different kinds of visual aids such as a board, posters, pictures, word cards, real objects, text books and a teacher’s guide. Especially, the visual aids will help the teaching become more effective and efficient. The visual aids will make students become more interested in learning the English language. Student’s assessment: The student’s assessment is a necessary activity that the teacher has to conduct regularly in order to find out the learning of students in the class. Through the process of assessment the teacher knows who are good and who are not good at their English language study. Indeed, the assessment has two important systems: Formative assessment: The purpose of a formative assessment is to improve the teaching and learning methods of the ongoing teaching and learning processes. For example, the contents improvement, teaching and learning methods improvement and the way to help weak students. The weak students can be improved by organizing tutorial class for them or giving special homework to them. By having, tutorial class or special homework the weak students will be able to catch up with their classmates. There are two periods of formative assessment: 1. The assessment before teaching: this assessment is to find out the ability of students and their readiness to follow the English learning. Also the record of assessment will be used as the data and reference for the teacher to make a plan and teaching plan that is suitable for the class. 2. Informal assessment (during teaching and learning assessment): This assessment can be conducted informally. For example, ask a student to do a roll-play in front of the class, do a small test to check the students’ understanding. A teacher can give the point in the class and record it in a special book after students have finished. A monthly test is one of the informal test, which will be conducted every month or after having finished two units. Also a formal assessment can be conducted that means all students have to take the test at the same time and the same test. Therefore, the result of the informal assessment will include the point in the class and the monthly test. lts';o]y0tlyf 3fp lD;Dl

157 Summative assessment: A summative assessment is a final assessment of the teaching and learning process. For example: the examination of a semester, year and the end of a course. These are the formal assessments or the examinations. The result will help evaluate the implementation of teaching and learning whether or what level has achieved the purposes and aims that defined in the curriculum. Marking system and a table of the mark: Marking system: In the teaching and learning English, the formative and summative assessments have equal importance. The full mark of these assessments is 10. The monthly mark is calculated from the informative assessment and monthly test. The average of the calculation of these assessments is the monthly mark. In one semester there are 3-4monthly tests depending on the real situation of each school. The full mark of the semester is . 10Mark calculation: Add up the marks in the class. Then divide by the number of times of the formative assessment. After that, add the result and the mark of a monthly test. Finally, divide the result by two. The result of this is a monthly mark. Add up all the monthly marks and divide by the number of times of the monthly test. The result of this will be the monthly average mark in a semester. To find out the average mark of a semester, add the mark of the semester examination and the monthly average mark of the semester and divide by two. The result will be a semester average mark. Details are in the table below: Table of assessment mark Semester…….. Month… Mark 1 10 Monthly average mark 2 10 3 10 4 10 Monthly average mark 40 = 10 in a semester 4 Semester examination 1 10 Semester average mark 10 + 10 = 10 2 The result of this calculation will be the average mark of one semester. In fact, there are two semesters in one school year. Therefore, a teacher has to provide two tables as above. By using this table the teacher can calculate the average mark of a year. If the teacher needs to know the average mark of the year, he/she can make a calculation by adding up the two semesters’ average marks and dividing by two. The result will be the average mark of the year. Types of test: lts';o]y0tlyf 3fp lD;Dl

158 There are many types of test that can be used in the assessment process. The teacher can produce his/her own test or use some techniques or activities in the textbook to reproduce the test. This depends on the convenience of the teacher such as: •Ask and answer •Complete sentences •Listen and complete sentences •Listen and draw •Match •Read and write •Write The contents of the test can be produced by using some part of Exercises, Vocabulary list, Revision units etc.. lts';o]y0tlyf 3fp lD;Dl

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