Green-Sungava-Nepali-7

^= nfdf] pQ/ bp] m M ‘ay{ 8] luÇ6’ syfn] s] s:tf] ;Gb]z lbPsf] 5 < :ki6 kf/ . tnsf] kf7 Wofg lbP/ k9 M hGdlbgsf] cj;/df hGdhoGtL dgfpg] kr| ng w/] } klxnb] ]lv rlncfPsf] xf] . ;f]xL cj;/df laxfg g'xfOw'jfO u//] gofF jf ;kmf sk8f nufP/ dlGb/df hfg,] kh\" f ug,]{ ;fyLefO / cfkmGtx¿, lzIfs ;a}nfO{ dL7fdL7f vfg]s'/fx¿ afF8\\g] k|rng klg rlncfPsf] 5 . To; cj;/df ;fyLefO / cfkmGthgn] hGdlbgsf] pkxf/x¿ lbg] u5{g\\ . cfhefl] n hGdlbgsf] cj;/df s]sdf dg} aQL afn]/ To;nfO{ lgefpg] / ss] sf6\\g] ;:+ sf/ klg lgs} rns] f] 5 . of] ;:+ sf/ ljb]zL ;:+ sf/ xf] . t/ klg xfdLn] To;nfO{ cfTd;ft\\ ug{ yfln;s]sf 5f}F . ;a} dflg;n] cfÇgf] hGdlbg cfÇg} zn} Ldf dgfpg' :jfefljs} xf] t/ hGdlbgsf] gfddf ljs[ltlj;ªu\\ lt leœofpg' /fd|f] s/' f xf]Og . hGdlbgsf] gfddf cgfjZos vr{ u//] cleefjsnfO{ af¹] kg]{ sfd klg ugx'{ F'bg} . 3f6F L x]/L xf8 lgNg' eg]¹F} cfÇgf] Ifdtfcg;' f/sf] vr{ u//] dfq} hGdhoGtL dgfpg'k5{ . ;fyLefOx¿sf] b]vfl;sL u//] cfkm\" n] klg IfdtfeGbf a9L t8se8sdf hGdlbg dgfpgx' 'Fb}g . To; cj;/df s'g} ul/a jf c;xfonfO{ ;xofu] ug,{' af]6la?jf /f]Kg', cfk\"mdf ePsf cju'0fx¿sf] cGTo u/L /fd|f sfo{x¿sf] ;'? ug]{ k0| f ug'{ h:tf s'/fx¿ hGdlbgsf] lbgaf6 ;'? ug]{ dflg;x¿ w/] } kfOG5g\\ . xfdLn] c¿sf] hGdlbgdf lbg] pkxf/ w]/} d\"Nojfg\\ xg' 'k5{ eGg] 5g} t/ Tof] kl5;Dd ;lD¹/xg of]Uo / sfd nfUg] vfnsf] xg' 'k5{ . s= tnsf zAbx¿ tLgtLg k6s n]v M hGdhoGtL, ljs[ltlj;ªu\\ lt, cgfjZos, ;+:sf/, cju'0f, dN\" ojfg\\ v= 7Ls egfOdf /h] f -µ_ nufpm M c= hGdlbgsf] cj;/df gx' fOw'jfO u/L ;kmf x'g'kb{5 . cf= hGdlbgdf ss] sf6g\\ ' xfd|f] dfl} ns kr| ng xf] . O= ljbz] L zn} Ldf hGdlbg dgfpg' Tolt pkoQ' m x'Fb}g . O={ cgfjZos vr{ u/]/ eP klg hGdlbg dgfpg} k5{ . p= ;fyLefOnfO{ kl5;Dd ;lD¹gnfos pkxf/ lbg'k5{ . u= tnsf k|Zgx¿sf] pQ/ bp] m M != hGdlbg s;/L dgfpg] k|rng rlncfPsf] 5 < @= s'g ;:+ sf/ ljbz] L ;:+ sf/ xf] < ;'gufef gk] fnL zª[ \\vnf sIff & 201

#= s] s/' f /fdf| ] s'/f xf]Og < $= 3fF6L x]/L xf8 lgNg' egs] f] s] xf] < %= hGdlbgsf] cj;/df ss] :tf s'/fx¿sf] ;?' jft ug'{kb{5 < ;'gfO ;Lk -ki[ 7 @@$ df lbOPsf] cgR' 5]b lzIfsaf6 jf l;8Laf6 ;'g / tnsf sfo{x¿ u/ M_ != tnsf k|Zgx¿sf] PsPs jfSodf pQ/ nv] M s= vKt8 /fli6o« lgs'~h sxfF /x]sf] 5 < v= vKt8nfO{ ss] ] s'/fn] zfe] fodfg agfPsf] 5 < u= lqj0] fLdf sg' s'g gbLsf] ldng ePsf] 5 < 3= vKt8df kfOg] s'g} bO' { hgfj/ / s'g} b'O{ r/fx¿sf] gfd nv] . ª= s] ug{ ;sd] f vKt8df ko6{ sx¿nfO{ leœofpg ;lsG5 < @= sf]i7saf6 5fg/] vfnL 7fpFdf 7Ls zAb e/ M s_ vKt8nfO{ ============= df /fli6«o lgs'~h 3fi] f0ff ul/Psf] lyof] . -@)$@, @)$#_ v_ vKt8df :j= vKt8 :jfdLsf] =================== /xs] f] 5 . -b/af/, cf>d _ u_ ;x;| lnª\\u =================== ld6/ cUnf] 5 . -#@&^, &^#@_ 3_ lqj0] fLdf =================== d]nf nfu5 . -bzx/f, r}tb] ;_}F ª_ oxfF wk' L, u/' fF;, af;F , lgufnf] h:tf =================== kfOG5g\\ . -jg:klt, h8La'6L_ Jofs/0f ;Lk st[{jfRoaf6 sdj{ fRodf kl/jt{g st{[jfRodf /xs] f] stf{df af6 jf åf/f yKg], – sdd{ f ‘nfO’{ hfl] 8Psf] 5 eg] To;nfO{ x6fpg], 202 ;'gufef gk] fnL z[ª\\vnf sIff &

– ljm| ofsf] wftd' f ‘O’ yKg,] – sd{cg';f/sf] k|Too yk]/ sd{jfRosf] lj|mof agfpg,] – ;jg{ fd stf{ eP To;nfO{ nf]k ug{ ;lsg] jf sf]i7sn] 3/] /] /fVg klg ;lsg], – stf{ d t 5 eg] To;nfO{ cfk\"m t agfpg], – st{[jfRo h'g sfn, kIf / efjdf 5 sd{jfRo klg ToxL sfn, kIf / efjdf xg' k' g{] . – st{j[ fRo OR5fy{ jf cf1fy{ eP sd{jfRo agfpbF f Psjrgsf] sd{ eP wft' ± Oof];\\ / ax'jrgsf] eP wft' ± Oog\" \\ ug]{ . pbf/x0f M /fd eft vfG5 . → /fdaf6 eft vfOG5 . dn} ] pkGof; k9]“ . → -dåf/f_ pkGof; kl9of] . p;n] alxgLnfO{ b]Vof] . → alxgL b]lvO{ . -stf{ nfk] _ ljBy{ ljm| ofkb ko| fu] ePsf] jfSodf wftd' f ‘Oof;] \\’ jf ‘Oog\" \\’ yKg], ;Defjgfy{ lj|mofkb ko| fu] ePsf] jfSodf nf÷nfg\\ eGbf cl3 O yKg,] ltdL sfd u/ . → -ltdLåf/f_ sfd ul/of;] \\ . tkfO{+ ;fyLx¿nfO{ af]nfpg'xf;] \\ . → ;fyLx¿ afn] fOog\" \\ . @= tnsf jfSox¿nfO{ sdj{ fRodf kl/jt{g u/ M s_ b]jsf]6fn] /fdf| –/fd|f sljtf nv] ]sf 5g\\ . v_ cldtfn] efOnfO{ lkl65] . u_ dn} ] :s'ndf ldng;f/ ;fyLx¿ e6] “] . 3_ efh] df ld7fO{ v'a vfP“ . ª_ Zofdn] gf:kftL lsGof] . r_ To;n] d;“u k:' tsx¿ dfUof] . 5_ efOx¿ l;g]df x¿] g\\ . h_ a/fn u?' uLt n]Vg'x'G5 . ¹_ k|wfgdGqLn] hgtfnfO{ ;Dafw] g u/] . `_ ;fyLx¿ sljtf nV] b} 5g\\ . 6_ l;sf/Ln] af3 df/s] f] lyof] . 7_ hgtfn] ei| 6frf/L gt] fnfO{ nv]65] g\\ . 8_ xfdL /fi6« ufg ufpg] 5fF} . 9_ d t uhn n]Vy]F . 0f_ ltdLn] ¹'6f] s/' f u/s] f 5f} . t_ pgLx¿n] ;To af]ns] f x'g] 5g\\ . ;g' ufef g]kfnL z[ªv\\ nf sIff & 203

l;hg{ fTds ;Lk != ltdLn] hfg]sf] sg' } syf n]v/] lzIfsnfO{ bv] fpm M @= tnsf] hfgsf/Lsf cfwf/df syf tof/ kf/ M #= Pp6f afR5f] rl//xs] f] ==== ===== Ajf;F f] ToxfF ku' s] f] ==== ===== p;n] afR5fnfO{ vfg vf]h]sf] ==== ===== afR5fn] ] v'§fdf sfF8f la¹s] f] gSsn u/]sf] ==== ===== sf8F f;] Fu} vfFbf AjfF;f]sf] d'vdf sfF8f] la‰g] afR5fs] f] ts{ ==== ===== v'§fsf] sf8F f] l¹Sg AjfF;fn] ] x]g{ yfns] f] ==== ===== afR5fn] ] nfQLn] dv' df xfGbf AjfF;f]sf bfFt ¹/s] f ==== ===== afR5f] ;lhn} plDsPsf] ==== ===== grflxg] s/' fdf cNdlnbF f cK7o\\ f/fd] f kg{] ;Gb]z . gk] fnsf] klxnf] /l] 8of] ;j] f /l] 8of] g]kfnaf/] hfgsf/L /l] 8of] gk] fnsf] :yfkgf M @))& r}q @) ut] /]l8of] gk] fnsf] ;'?sf] gfd M g]kfn kh| ftGq /]l8of] /]l8of] g]kfnsf klxnf] ;dfrf/jfrs M tf/0fLk;| fb sfO] /fnf /l] 8of] g]kfnsf] :yfkgf M hfkfg ;/sf/n] u/]sf] /l] 8of] gk] fnsf] Ifdtf lj:tf/ M a]nfot ;/sf/n] u/s] f] g]kfnsf] klxnf] 6l] nlehg M g]kfn 6]lnlehg -Pgl6eL_ af/] hfgsf/L gk] fn 6]lnlehgsf] :yfkgf M lj=;=+ @)$! df3 !& gk] fn 6l] nlehgsf] lgoldt k|;f/0f M @)$@ ;fpg @( gk] fn 6l] nlehgsf] Ifdtf lj:tf/M km| fG; ;/sf/ 204 ;g' ufef gk] fnL z[ªv\\ nf sIff &

kf7 !^ kf| ljlws lzIff lgaGw tnsf jfSox¿ cfjfh lgsfn/] ;a}n] k9 M cfhsf] o'u lj1fg / k|ljlwsf] ou' xf] . oL ;a} lj1fgsf cfljisf/ x'g\\ . xfdLnfO{ k|ljlwn] w]/} ;xofu] u5{ . xfdLn] kf| ljlws lzIffdf hf8] lbg'k5{ . ;'gufef g]kfnL z[ªv\\ nf sIff & 205

tnsf k|Zgx¿sf] pQ/ eg M d ltdLnfO{ k|fljlws lzIffsf] af/d] f hfgsf/L 5 < d cfhsf] ou' nfO{ lsg lj1fg / kl| jlwsf] o'u elgPsf] xf] < d xfdLn] lsg k|fljlws lzIffdf hf8] lbg'k5{ < d lj1fgsf] cfljisf/n] s'gsg' If]qdf ;xofu] k¥' ofPsf] 5 < d clxns] f] o'udf s:tf] lzIff a9L ke| fjsf/L x'g ;S5 < tnsf jfSox¿ cfjfh lgsfn]/ k9 M d cfhsf] ou' lj1fg / k|ljlwsf] o'u xf] . d oftfoft, ;~rf/ cflb If]qdf kl| jlwn] 7n\" f] kl/jtg{ NofPsf] 5 . d kf| ljlws lzIffn] dflg;nfO{ s'g} klg ;Lkdf bIf agfpF5 . d kl| jlwn] dflg;nfO{ w]/} g} ;xof]u k¥' ofPsf] 5 . d xfdLn] klg k|fljlws lzIffdf hf]8 lbg'k5{ . d kf| ljlws lzIff xfl;n u/s] f] dfG5] a/] f]huf/ eP/ a:gk' b{}g . d k|fljlws lzIffsf] ljsf; x'g ;s] b]zsf] ljsf; l56f] xG' 5 . 206 ;'gufef gk] fnL zª[ v\\ nf sIff &

;flxTosf ljleGg ljwfx¿dWos] f] Ps rlr{t ljwf lgaGw klg xf] . lgaGwn] ;do kl/l:ylt, j:t'l:ylt cflb s/' fsf] kl/ro lbG5 . s'g} lglZrt ljifosf] af/d] f k:| t't ul/g] af}l4s n]vg lgaGw xf] . lgaGw uB zn} Ldf nl] vG5 . kf| ljlws lzIff gfds lgaGw afl} 4s lgaGw xf] . o; lgaGwdf kf| ljlws lzIff eg]sf] s] xf] < cfhsf] ou' df kf| ljlws lzIffsf] cfjZostf lsg kb{5 < eGg] ljifodf hfgsf/L lbOPsf] 5 . ;fy} o; o'udf kf| ljlws lzIffsf] k|efj sg' sg' If]qdf k/s] f] 5 . o:tf] lzIffn] s;/L ljsf;lgdf{0fsf sfdx¿ cufl8 a9fpg ;lsG5 eGg] af/d] f klg o; lgaGwdf ljj]rgf ul/Psf] 5 . kf| ljlws lzIffsf] cWoog ul/;s]kl5 ;Dk0\" f{ ljBfyLx{ ¿n] eljiodf cfÇg} b]zdf /fh] uf/ k|fKt ug]{ cfwf/ s;/L aGb5 < eGg] af/d] f klg o; lgaGwdf pNnv] ul/Psf] 5 . ltdL klg tnsf] lgaGw k9 / k|fljlws lzIffsf] af/]df hfgsf/L xfl;n u/ . j}1flgs vf]h jf cg;' GwfgnfO{ Jojxf/df Nofpg] ;Lk, zn} L jf 9ªu\\ kl| jlw xf] eg] k|ljlw;uF ;DalGwt 1fg jf IfdtfnfO{ kf| ljlws 1fg jf Ifdtf g} kf| ljlws lzIff xf] . kf| ljlws 1fg Jofjxfl/s jf ko| fu] d\"ns xG' 5 . To;n} ] of] ;fdfGo 1fgaf6 kf| Kt x'Fbg} . o;sf nflu ljzi] f tflndsf] cfjZostf kb{5 . oxL ljzi] f 1fg lbg] lzIff g} k|fljlws lzIff xf] . cfhsf] ou' df o:tf] lzIffsf] ljzi] f dxŒj 5 . lj1fgn] kl| jlwsf] ljsf; ub5{ . kf| ljlws lzIffn] pQm k|ljlwsf] pkofu] / Joj:yfkgsf] 1fg lbG5 . cfh dflg;sf] b}lgs hLjgbl] v sfofn{ oLo sfdsfh tyf cGo ljsf; lgdf0{ fsf If]qdf kl| jlwsf] k|ofu] cToGt cfjZos aGb} uPsf] 5 . k|ljlwsf] k|ofu] , ddt{ tyf To;sf] Joj:yfkgsf nflu kf| ljlwsx¿sf] cfjZostf kg]{ x'bF f kf| ljlws lzIff cfhsf] cfjZostf ags] f] 5 . kf| ljlws lzIffn] s[lif, :jf:Yo, kz| f;g, ko6{ g, pBf]u tyf 3/]n' sfdsfhdf ;dt] ;xof]u k'U5 . of] ;do kl| jlwsf] ;do xf] . kl| jlwsf] ko| f]uljgf cfhsf] ;dfh Ps 8u] cl3 ;g{ ;Sbg} . cfhsf] ljZjn] ¹]Nb} cfPsf] kd| v' ;d:of egs] f] a/] fh] uf/L xf] . :j/f]huf/sf] cj:yf l;hg{ f ug{ / /fi6d« f JofKt a]/fh] uf/L ;d:ofsf] Go\"gLs/0fsf nflu kf| ljlws 1fg dxŒjk0\" f{ ;xofu] L aGg ;Sb5 . o;n] JolQmnfO{ dfq xf]Og† /fi6n« fO{ ;d]t cfTdlge{/ agfpg ;xof]u ub{5 . cfh dflg;sf] efG5fbl] v zAbf {y kf| ljlws M k|ljlw;Fu ;DalGwt JofKt M km}lnPsf], lkmlF hPsf,] ;al} t/ 9flsPsf] ko| fu] dn\" s M k|ofu] df NofOg], ko| fu] ul/g] Gog\" Ls/0f M 36fpg] sfd sfof{noLo M sfof{nosf], sfofn{ o;Fu ;DalGwt cfTdlge/{ M cfÇgf] v§' fdf pleg], csfs{ f] e/ gkg]{ ko{6g M 3d' lkm/, e|d0f ;g' ufef g]kfnL z[ª\\vnf sIff & 207

sfof{no;Dd, ;8sbl] v ;bg;Dd, hGdb]lv d[To';Dd k|ljlwsf] cfjZostf kb5{ . xfd|f] xftsf] 38Lbl] v uf]hLsf] df]afOn tyf snd;Dd kl| jlws} pkh xg' \\ . k|ljlwn] dflg;sf] hLjgnfO{ ;/n agfPsf] 5 . ;;+ f/nfO{ cToGt ;f3F '/f] tN' ofPsf] 5 . o;n] dflg;nfO{ c;Dej eGg] sx] L 5g} eGg] b]vfPsf] 5 . dfG5s] f] hLjgdf ;/ntf vf]Hg] :jefjnfO{ kl| jlwn] ;3fPsf] x'G5 . o:tf] k|ljlwsf] 1fg x'g'nfO{ g} kf| ljlws 1fg elgPsf] xf] . dfgj ;Eotfsf] kf| /Deb]lv g} k|fljlws lzIff Jojxf/df cfPsf] xf] . Jofjxfl/s tyf ;}4flGts b'j} vfnsf 1fg lbOg] k|fljlws 1fgnfO{ Jojl:yt ub{} cf}krfl/s lzIffsf] Pp6f kf6f]sf] ¿kdf cFuflnPsf] xf] . cfh o;n] cToGt 7\"nf] Ifq] cfu] 6s] f] 5 . kf| ljlw1 a9L ePsf] b]zn] b|'t ultdf ljsf; ug{ ;S5 . k|fljlw1sf] sdL ePsf] bz] ljsf;df kl5 k5{ . gk] fnsf] ;Gbed{ f s[lif, hn;f| ]t, jg;Dkbf tyf ko6{ g;uF ;DalGwt k|fljlw1x¿sf] pTkfbg cfjZos /x]sf] 5† hg' bz] df h]sf] ;Defjgf a9L 5 To; bz] sf nflu ToxL Ifq] ;uF ;DalGwt kf| ljlw1x¿sf] cfjZostf kb5{ . cfh xfdLsxfF cTofjZos If]qdf ;d]t cfjZos hgzlQmsf] cefj /x]sf] 5 . of] cefjnfO{ sd ug{ ljBfno txb]lv g} kf| ljlws lzIffdf hf8] lbP/ bz] ljsf; u/L cfly{s :t/ ;'wfg]{ s/' fdf ;r]t xg' 'k5{ . g]kfnsf] lzIff k0| ffnL Jofjxfl/seGbfa9L;4} flGts ePsfn] ] hflu/ vfgsf nflu k9g\\ ] dfgl;stfsf] ljsf; ePsf] 5 . o;n] ubf{ z}lIfs a/] f]huf/sf] ;ªV\\ of a9\\g] jm| d clws x'G5 . lzIff cfhg{ u/s] f] kd| f0fkq xftdf lnP/ /.h] uf/Lsf nflu eftF} fl/Psfx¿sf] ;ªV\\ of a9g\\ fsf] k|d'v sf/0f oxL xf] . cfh 7\"nf] ;ªV\\ ofdf oj' fzlQm ljb]z knfog x'g] u/s] f] 5 . lzlIft hgzlQm knfog x'g] jm| d a9s] f] 5 . cfÇgf] b]zdf sfd ug{ nfh nfu]/ ljb]z uPsfx¿ ToxfF h'g :t/sf] sfd klg ug]{ t/ cfÇgf] bz] df >d ug{ wsfpg] :jefjsf] l;h{gf oxL cJofjxfl/s ;4} flGts 1fgsf sf/0f ePsf] xf] . zAbf {y ;bg M a:g] jf;, lgjf;,;;+ b\\sf] ;ef cTofjZos M clt cfjZos pkh M dgdl:tisaf6 plAhg] gofF ljrf/ hgzlQm M dflg;sf] zlQm ;Eotf M /fd|f] ;+:sf/ clws M Hofb}, w/] } k|fljlw1 M sg' } klg ljifosf] j}1flgs ;Lk / knfog M x/fpg] sfd k|of]u hfGg] JolQm 208 ;g' ufef gk] fnL zª[ \\vnf sIff &

of] o'u lj1fgsf] ou' xf] . lj1fgsf Ifq] df ePsf ;Dk0\" f{ k|ultx¿ sj] n k|fljlws lzIffs} sf/0f ePsf xg' \\ . kf| ljlws lzIffs} sf/0f dflg;x¿n] cfh w]/} k|ult ug{ ;ss] f xg' \\ . 9'ªu\\ ] o'ubl] v cfh;Ddsf] ofqfdf k|fljlws lzIffn] dxŒjk\"0f{ :yfg cf]u6s] f] 5 . kf| ljlws lzIffs} sf/0fn] ubf{ dflg;x¿n] w/] } lsl;dsf oGqx¿sf] lgdf0{ f u/s] f 5g\\ . To;n} ] klg lxhf]cfh kf| ljlws lzIffsf] dxŒj a9\\b} uPsf] 5 . df]6/, /s]6, /n] , 6]lnlehg, /]l8of], /fa] 6{, OG6/g6] , sDKo6' / nufotsf cgs] fF} k|fljlws j:t'x¿sf] lgdf0{ f cfh dfG5n] ] g} u/s] f 5g\\ . cGtl/If;Ddsf] ofqf cfh dfG5n] ] k|fljlws lzIffsf sf/0f ;kmn kfl/;s]sf 5g\\ . df5feGbf l56f] ;db' L| ofqf / xfjfeGbf l56f] cfsfzdf dfG5]n] ofqf ub{} 5g\\ . oL ;a} kf| ljlws lzIffs} pknlAw xg' \\ . k|fljlws lzIffsf sf/0f dflg;n] csNkgLo sfox{ ¿ u/s] f 5g\\ . dflg;n] dlxgf}F / jiff}+{ nufP/ ug]{ sfd oGqdfgjn] sx] La/] d} ;DkGg ug{ ;S5 . x'/L, cfFwL, cfuf], kfgL h];s' };uF klg n8g\\ ;Sg] Ifdtf ePsf j1} flgs oGqx¿ cfh dflg;n] lgdf{0f ul/;s]sf 5g\\ . oL oGqx¿ lgdf0{ f ug]{ cj;/ dfG5]n] k|fljlws lzIffs} sf/0f kfPsf xg' \\ . g]kfndf kf| ljlws lzIffdf kz| :t dfqfdf ;/sf/n] k'hF L nufgL ug{ ;ls/xs] f] 5}g . k'hF Lljgf sg' } klg sfd ;DkGg x'g ;Sbg} . kf| ljlws lzIffsf Ifq] df ;/sf/n] vf;} rf;f] bv] fPsf] klg 5g} . of] vlrn{ f] 5 . of] bz] ef]sf, gfªu\\ f, bl/b| / bogLox¿sf] xf] . ;fF¹ laxfgsf] uhf{] 6fg{ dl' :sn kg]{ hgtfn] k|fljlws lzIff cfhg{ ug{ ;Sbg} g\\ . pgLx¿ ;4} flGts lzIff;dt] cfh{g uga{ f6 jl~rt 5g\\ . o:tf] cj:yfdf pgLx¿sf] hLjg:t/ psf:g cfjZos 5 . of] Jofjxfl/s tyf k|fljlws lzIffsf dfWodaf6 ;Dej 5 . zAbf {y 9'ª\\u] o'u M w]/} klxn]sf] ;do ;4} flGts lzIff M l;4fGtdf cfwfl/t eP/ lbOg] csNkgLo M sNkgf ug{ g;lsg] lzIff jl~rt M ;'ljwf gkfPsf] ;g' ufef gk] fnL z[ª\\vnf sIff & 209

;+;f/sf ljleGg /fi6«x¿n] kf| ljlws lzIffs} sf/0f ku| ltsf] dfu{ vf]n]sf 5g\\ . km| fG;, a]nfot, hd{gL, O6nL, cdl] /sf, sfl] /of, hfkfg, l:j6h\\ /NofG8, 8]gdfs{ nufotsf /fi6«x¿ sj] n kf| ljlws lzIffsf sf/0f pGgltsf] lzv/df ku' ]sf xg' \\ . k|fljlws If]qdf gk] fn ;/sf/n] klg cfjZosLo ef}lts kj\" f{wf/ th'{df ug{ ;s]sf] v08df oxfFsf hgtfx¿ klg nfeflGjt x'g] 5g\\ . cfÇgf] nflu cfjZos k|fljlwsx¿sf] pTkfbg cfÇg} bz] df ug{ ;s] To;n] ljsf;sf] 9fs] f vfN] 5 . k|fljlws lzIffnfO{ /fli6o« k|fyldstfdf /fVg] / k|fljlwsx¿sf] pTkfbgnfO{ a9L dxŒj lbg] ugfn{ ] bz] ljsf;nfO{ 6j] f k'¥ofpF5 . ;Lkd\"ns, Jofjxfl/s Pjd\\ kf| ljlws lzIff cfhsf] cfjZostf / r'gft} L b'js} f] ¿kdf /xs] f] b]lvG5 . /fi6n« fO{ pGglt, ku| lt / ;d'Ggt lbzflt/ cufl8 a9fpg k|fljlws lzIffn] dxŒjk\"0f{ e\"ldsf lgjf{x ug{] ub{5 . k|fljlws lzIff cfhsf] ;dodf cToGt ke| fjsf/L Pjd\\ ckl/xfo{ aGb} uPsf] b]lvG5 . ul/aL lgjf/0f / a]/fh] uf/L ;d:of ;dfwfgsf] af6f] to ugs{ f nflu kf| ljlws lzIffn] lgs} d2t k¥' ofp5F t;y{ b]zn] cfjZosLo bIf hgzlQm pTkfbg ug{ k|fljlws lzIffsf Ifq] df ljzi] f rf;fs] f ;fy k'hF L nufgL ugk'{ g{] b]lvG5 . ;fy} hgtfn] klg kf| ljlws lzIffnfO{ hLjgsf] cleGg cªu\\ sf ¿kdf l:jsfb{} hfgk' 5{ clg dfq} ;fr] ]cg'¿k pknlAw xfl;n ug{ ;lsg] 5 . /fHon] kf| ljlws lzIffdf hf]8 lbO{ cfjZosLo ef}lts kj\" f{wf/sf] Joj:yf u/L To:tf] lzIff ;~rfng ugk'{ 5{ . ;fdflhs ljs[lt sd u/L ;dtfdn\" s ;dfh :yfkgf ug,{ hLjg lgjf{xsf nflu ;xfos x'g] u/L ljBfyL{sf] ?lr If]qs} kf| ljlws lzIff ljBfno txaf6} lbg'k5{ . k|fljlws lzIffsf] dxŒj a'¹/] ofh] gf th'{df u/L zL3| sfofG{ jog ug{ ;s] dfq /fi6« ljsf;sf] kydf cufl8 nDsG5 . zAbf {y dfu{ M af6f] cleGg M leGg ug{ g;lsg,] leGg gxg' ] efl} ts k\"jf{wf/ M dflg;sf] hLjgdf geO{ gxg' ] ;dtfdn\" s M ;dfgtf ug{] vfnsf] zL3| M l56f] cfwf/e\"t s/' f lgjf/0f M /f]syfd, x6fpg] sfd ;d'Ggt M pGglt, k|ult ePsf,] Hofb} dfly sfofG{ jog M l;4fGtnfO{ Jojxf/df ptfg{] sfd p7s] f] ckl/xfo{ M geO{ gx'g], clgjfo{ 210 ;'gufef gk] fnL z[ªv\\ nf sIff &

!= tnsf zAbx¿ ;kmf cIf/df cfÇgf] sfkLdf tLgtLg k6s ;f/ M Jofjxfl/s, ;4} flGts, cfjZosLo, nfeflGjt, ef}lts kj\" fw{ f/ @= tnsf zAbx¿sf] cy{ n]v M ;d'Ggt, ;bg, cfTdlge/{ , csNkgLo, ;dfgk' flts #= jfSodf ko| fu] u/ M g,} hLjg, dxŒjk\"0f{, b]z, ;xof]uL $= s_ tnsf] jfSonfO{ z'4 kf//] ;f/ M cGtl/If;Ddsf] ofqf cfh dfG5]n] k|fljlbs l;Iffsf sf/0f ;kmn kf/L;ss] f 5g . v_ tnsf dWo] z4' zAbdf /]hf -µ_ nufpm M != c_ ckl/xfo{ cf_ ck/Lxfo { O_ ck/LxfP{ O_{ cd/LxfP{ @= c_ cfaz]stf cf_ cfj:ostf O_ cfjZostf O{_ cfjZoStf #= c_ bolgP cf_ boflgP O_ bolgo O_{ bogLo $= c_ l;S5\\of cf_ lzIff O_ l;Iff O{_ lzSIff %= tnsf zAbnfO{ ljk/LtfyL{ zAb;Fu hf8] f ldnfpm M Jofjxfl/s c:jLsf/ :jLsf/ bu' {lt ljsf; leGg clws k5fl8 cfo cJofjxfl/s ku| lt Joo cleGg Go\"g cufl8 ljgfz ;'gufef g]kfnL zª[ \\vnf sIff & 211

^= tnsf zAb / cys{ f aLrdf hf8] f ldnfpm M Go\"gLs/0f dflg;sf] zlQm ko6{ g af6f] JofKt 36fpg] sfd hgzlQm km}lnPsf] clws 3'dlkm/ dfu { Hofbf ckl/xfo{ l56f] zL3 | geO{ gx'g] &= k|ljlw ± Os ˜ k|fljlws eP¹}F tnsf zAbdf Os kT| oo hf8] ]/ gofF zAb agfpm M ;dfh ± Os ˜ =========================== cy{ ± Os ˜ =============================== gLlt ± Os ˜ =========================== wd{ ± Os ˜ ================================ ;+:sl[ t ± Os ˜ =========================== k|sl[ t ± Os ˜ ================================ k9fO÷n]vfO ;Lk != tnsf kZ| gx¿sf] PsPs jfSodf pQ/ n]v M s_ kf| ljlws lzIff eg]sf] s] xf] < v_ kf| ljlws 1fg ss] f nflu ;xofu] L aGg ;S5 < u_ g]kfndf s:tf] hgzlQmsf] cefj /xs] f] 5 < 3_ dflg;n] cfsfz / ;db' |df s;/L ofqf ub}{ 5g\\ < ª_ s:tf] bz] ljsf;df kl5 k5{ < @= tnsf jfSox¿ 7Ls jf a]7Ls s] x'g,\\ lrg]/ nv] M s_ klxn]klxn] k|fljlws lzIffsf] ljsf; ePsf] lyPg . v_ kf| ljlws lzIffn] b]z ljsf; ug{ d2t k'¥ofp5F . u_ k|fljlws lzIffsf] Ifq] df ;/sf/n] vf;} rf;f] bv] fPsf] 5}g . 212 ;g' ufef gk] fnL zª[ v\\ nf sIff &

3_ an] fot, cd]l/sf cflb b]zdf k|fljlws lzIffsf] ljsf; ePsf] 5g} . ª_ kf| ljlws lzIffn] a/] fh] uf/L ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfg ubg}{ . #= ldNg] zAb 5fg/] vfnL 7fpF e/ M s_ k|ljlwsf] ========================= xg' 'nfO{ g} k|fljlws 1fg elgPsf] xf] . -1fg,c1fg_ v_ ========================= s'g} klg sfd ;DkGg x'g ;Sb}g . -k'FhLljgf, OlGhlgo/ljgf_ u_ cfh o;n] cToGt 7n\" f] ========================= cfu] 6s] f] 5 . -ldq, Ifq] _ 3_ k|ljlwsf] ko| fu] ljgf ====================== ;dfh Ps 8]u cl3 ;g{ ;Sbg} . -plxns] f,] cfhsf]_ ª_ lzlIft ========================= knfog x'g] jm| d a9]sf] 5 . -hggfos, hgzlQm_ r_ dflg;n] ========================= sfox{ ¿ u/s] f 5g\\ . -csNkgLo, sNkgLo_ $= tnsf kZ| gx¿sf] Ps zAbdf pQ/ bp] m M s_ lj1fgn] s]sf] ljsf; u5{ < v_ s;sf] sdLn] bz] ljsf;sf Ifq] df kl5 k5{ < u_ s:tf] hgzlQm knfog x'g] jm| d a9]sf] 5 < 3_ sxf;F Ddsf] ofqf dfG5]n] ;kmn kfl/;s]sf] 5 < ª_ kf| ljlws lzIff s'g txaf6 lbg'k5{ . %= efj lj:tf/ u/ M s_ ku| ltsf] ljsf;ljgf cfhsf] ;dfh Ps 8]u cl3 ;g{ ;Sbg} . v_ ;;+ f/sf ljleGg /fi6x« ¿n] kf| ljlws lzIffs} sf/0f ku| ltsf] dfu{ vf]n]sf 5g\\ . ^= tnsf k|Zgsf] pQ/ b]pm M s_ lxhf]cfh lsg kf| ljlws lzIffsf] dxŒj a9\\b} uPsf] 5 < v_ kf| ljlws lzIffsf Ifq] df dflg;n] s]s:tf] ku| lt u/s] f 5g\\ < u_ kf| ljlws lzIffnfO{ ke| fjsf/L agfpg s]s:tf sfox{ ¿ ugk'{ 5{ < 3_ k|fljlws lzIff sg' sg' If]qdf cfjZos kb5{ < ª_ kf| ljlws lzIff lgaGwsf] d\"n efj nv] . ;'gufef gk] fnL zª[ v\\ nf sIff & 213

&= kf| ljlws lzIffn] s;/L dflg;sf] hLjgdf ;xof]u k'¥ofPsf] 5 < ;lj:tf/ nv] .  tnsf] sljtf Wofg lbP/ k9 M ;a/] } p7 x] Kof/f ¤ laxfg ;'t'jf egL, gkfpmg\\ c¿n] eGg ltdLnfO{ st} klg . ;kmf kf;] fs klx/L k'/fg} Tof] 5 tfklg, gx' fpm jf dv' wf]pm v8f Åjf} kml' t{nf] agL . kmfx] f]/L dflg; dfq} zf}rdf cN5L dfGb5g,\\ bv] L ltgLx¿nfO{ ;f/f nfs] l3gfpF5g\\ . /fk] fOF axt' } ug]{ vfgfdf klg 5g\\ slt, cfª nfUbg} To:tfn] vfP tfklg h]hlt dftf, lktf, lbbL, bfHo,\" efphx\" ¿n] hlt, h] lbG5g\\ vfp ;Gtfi] f dfg]/ dgdf clt . k9g\\ df / lktfdftf h] eG5g\\ p;df klg, cToGt hfuF /L xfp] m, cf1fsf/L ;bf agL . b'MvLdfly bof /fv, k/dZ] j/df klg, elQm /fv pg} xfd|f ljwftf Ps x'g\\ egL . c= tnsf zAbx¿ tLgtLg k6s n]v M ;'t'jf, kf;] fs, km'ltn{ f,] zfr} , cfª, ;Gtfi] f, cf1fsf/L, k/dZ] j/ cf= 7Ls egfOdf /]hf -µ_ nufpm M s= laxfg ;a]/} p7g\\ ] dflg;nfO{ ;t' 'jf elgG5 . v= xfdLn] k/' fg} eP klg ;kmf nu' f nufpg'k5{ . u= vfg] j]nfdf ?g] dflg;sf] cfª nfUbg} . 3= xfdL cf1fsf/L aGgk' 5{ . ª= b'MvLdfly bof /fVgx' 'Fb}g . 214 ;g' ufef gk] fnL z[ªv\\ nf sIff &

u= tnsf kZ| gx¿sf] pQ/ b]pm M != kml' t{nf] aGgsf nflu s] ug'{k5{ < @= s:tf] dflg;nfO{ b]v/] ;a} hgf l3gfpF5g\\ < #= ss;n] lbPsf] vfgf ;Gtfi] f dfg]/ vfg'k5{ < $= xfdLn] s'gs'g s/' fdf hfuF / ug'k{ 5{ < %= xfdLn] s;nfO{ ljwftf dfGgk' 5{ < ;g' fO ;Lk -k[i7 @@$ df lbOPsf] uLt_ lzIfsaf6 jf l;8Laf6 ;g' / tnsf sfox{ ¿ u/ M != tnsf k|Zgx¿sf] PsPs jfSodf pQ/ nv] M s= uLt / cGo ;flxlTos ljwfdf s] km/s 5 < v= efjsf] k|:tl' tsf bl[ i6n] sljtf sg' :yfgdf kb5{ < u= dflg;nfO{ uLtn] cfslift{ ug{] sf/0f s] xf] < 3= uLtnfO{ aˆ' g slQsf] s;/t ugk'{ 5{ < ª= uLt s:tf] k|:t'lt xf] < @= sf]i7saf6 5fg/] vfnL 7fpFdf 7Ls zAb e/ M s_ uLtnfO{ pl5Gg] csf]{ =================== ljwf 5}g . -;flxlTos,;f+:sl[ ts_ v_ =================== / bzg{ h:tf s/' fx¿ uLtdf sd x'G5g\\ . -af}l4stf, xflb{stf_ u_ uLtdf ljleGg s/' fx¿ =================== 9ª\\uaf6 JoQm x'G5g\\ . -c;xh, ;xh_ 3_ =================== ;To jf ;Totfsf] k|:tl' t xf] . -uLt, dLt_ ª_ uLtn] dflg;nfO{ hLjgsf] =================== k'Ug d2t u5{ . -ulx/fOdf, prfOdf_ ;'gufef g]kfnL z[ªv\\ nf sIff & 215

Jofs/0f ;Lk ;Defjgfy{ jQmfn] ;Defjgf, cgd' fg jf c8\\sn u/s] f] dg;fo a¹' fpg k|ofu] ug{] lj|mofsf] ¿knfO{ ;Defjgfy{ elgG5 . o;n] sfdsf] lglZrttf a¹' fp“bg} . ;Defjgfy{ lj|mofsf] lgdf0{ f aˆ' g tnsf] tflnsf x]/ M stf{ ¿kfos k|Too lj|mof d pn“ f k9'“nf, a;“'nf, nv] 'n“ f xfdL cf}n“ f k9f“n} f, nv] f“n} f, hfcfn“} f t“ nf;\\÷ln;\\ k9\\nf;,\\ nV] nf;,\\ al:n;,\\ vl] Nn;\\ ltdL÷x¿ cf}nf vfcf}nf, a;f}nf, k9f}nf tkfO{+ gx' f]nf k9\\g'xfn] f, a:g'xfn] f, vfg'xfn] f pm÷/fd nf k9n\\ f, n]Vnf, hfnf pm÷;Ltf nL k9\\nL, hfnL, v]NnL pgL÷x¿ nfg\\ k9n\\ fg\\, xf]nfg\\, a:nfg\\ pgL÷;Ltf lng\\ vflng\\, al:ng,\\ k9\\lng\\ != tnsf jfSox¿nfO{ ;Defjgfyd{ f kl/jtg{ u/ M -s_ l;kfxLn] bz] sf] /Iff u5{g\\ . -v_ tF vfgf vfG5g\\ . -u_ cfh kfgL k5{ . -3_ pgLx¿ ;x/ hfG5g\\ . -ª_ ltdL dnfO{ e]6g\\ ] 5f} . -r_ xfdL ;dod} 3/ k'Ug] 5fF} . -5_ ltdL 3/d} a:5f} . -h_ ;'Gb/ k/LIffdf pQL0f{ xG' 5 . -¹_ xfdL ;a} ldnL bz] agfpF5f}F . -`_ tF g/fdf| ] sfd ubg}{ ;\\ . -6_ pgLx¿ 3fF; sf6\\5g\\ . -7_ d km6fkm6 lx8F 5\\ ' . l;hg{ fTds ;Lk != tnsf aFb' fx¿sf cfwf/df lgaGw n]v M ‘g]kfnsf] jg;Dkbf’ jg jGohGts' f] cf>o:yn, r/fr'?ªu\\ Lsf] 3/, jgn] jftfj/0f ;+/If0f ug{], hLjhGtn' fO{ cfjZos kg{] k|f0fjfo' clS;hg jgn] pTkfbg ug{] 216 ;g' ufef gk] fnL zª[ v\\ nf sIff &

/ sfa{g8fOcS;fO8 lng,] jgn] OGwgsf] ¿kdf bfp/f lbg], kz'sf nflu 3f;“ kft / :ofpnf lbg], pBf]u, Joj;fo tyf lgdf{0fsf nflu sf7kft lbg], jgn] h8La'6L lbg,] /fu] af6 d'Qm u/fpg], jgn] kmn / kmn\" lbg], df}/LkfngnfO{ ;3fpg], jgn] ko6{ snfO{ cfsif0{ f ug{,] Clifd'lgsf] tk:of:yn, slj ;flxTosf/sf] k/]| 0ff:yn jg si[ fssf] ;xf/f ag]sf,] 3f“;kft, ;f]Q/, bfp/f tyf r/g Ifq] , jg ljgfz a9g\\ yfns] f], jg km“8fgL u/]/ /ftf/ft s/f8] klt aGg] k|rng a9]sf,] a;fO;“ /fOs“ f sf/0f jg kmf“8/] cfjfbL a9s] f,] jg ljgfzsf sf/0f kofj{ /0fLo c;Gt'ng a9s] f], af9L–klx/f,] e\"–Ifo a9]sf], t/fO{ 8a' fgdf kg]{, kxf8 lvOg] j|md a9]sf,] wf/f, k“w/] f ;'s]sf, hLjhGt' nf]k ePsf jf x'g] cj:yfdf /x]sf, r/fx¿n] yftjf; 5f8]sf, aL;f}“ jif{ nfu]/ xs' {g] ¿v If0fe/df ljgfz xb'“ f jftfj/0fLo x|f; pTkGg xg' ], j[If/fk] 0f tyf jg;/+ If0f a9fpgk' g{] . @= tnsf ljifodf lgaGw n]v M s_ g]kfndf ko6{ g Joj;fo v_ jftfj/0f k|b\"if0f g]kfnsf] klxnf] cvaf/ uf]/vfkq af/] hfgsf/L M != uf/] vfkqsf] ks| fzg lj=;=+ !(%* jz} fv @$ uta] f6 ;'? @= uf]/vfkq ;?' df ;fKtflxs ¿kdf ks| flzt x'g yfn]sf] #= uf]/vfkqsf klxnf] Joj:yfks hok[YjLaxfb/' l;x+ $= uf]/vfkqsf klxnf] ;Dkfbs kl08t g/b]j kf08] %= xfn;Dd uf/] vfkq #) eGbf a9L efiffdf ks| flzt ^= lj=;+= @)^$ c;f]h ! uta] f6 uf/] vfkq w/] } efiffdf ks| fzg xg' ;'? ;'gufef gk] fnL zª[ v\\ nf sIff & 217

;g' fO ;Lk – cEof; ;fdu|L kf7 ! g]kfn hftLo ljljwtf ePsf] ;'Gb/ dn' 's xf] . h;/L Pp6f k\"mnaf/Ldf w]/} ks| f/sf km\" nx¿ xbF' f km\" naf/L ;'Gb/ x'G5, To;u} /L ;dfhdf hlt w/] } hflthfltx¿ x'G5g\\ ;dfh Tolt g} /dfOnf] jf /d0fLo x'g] u5{ . gk] fnsf] k\"jb{ ]lv klZrd;Dd ljleGg hfthfltsf dflg;x¿sf] a;f]jf; /lxcfPsf] 5 . k\"jL{ kxf8L If]qdf /fO,{ lnDa\" hfltsf] a;f]jf; /x]sf] 5 . k\"jL{ t/fO{ If]qdf ¹fFu8, nK] rf, /fhk't cflb ;db' fosf dflg;x¿sf] axn' tf 5 . dWo kxf8L If]qdf afxg' If]qL, tfdfª hfltx¿ Pscfk;df ldn/] a;s] f 5g\\ . lxdfnL Ifq] df zk] f{ hfltn] cfÇgf] ynf] agfPsf 5g\\ . dWo t/fO{ If]qdf dl} ynL ;d'bfosf dflg;x¿n] cfÇgf] klxrfg hdfP/ a;]sf 5g\\ . sf7df8fF} pkTosfdf g]jf/ hfltx¿ klxnb] ]lv g} a:b} cfPsf eP klg xfndf bz] el/af6 cfPsf ;a} hfltsf] ;fd\"lxs a;fj] f;n] of] vfN8f] ;'Gb/ k\"mnaf/Lh:t} ;;' lHht ePsf] 5 . sf7df8fbF} l] v klZrdlt/ kf]v/f pkTosf / To;sf] kxf8L eu] df du/, u'?ª hflt a:5g\\ eg] t/fO{ Ifq] df rfw} /L, d'l:nd, cjw, ofbj nufot ;d'bfosf dflg;x¿ xf]:6]df x};] u/]/ a;]sf 5g\\ . g]kfnsf] kj\" b{ l] v klZrd;Dd kf| oM ;ah} ;f] Ifq] df afx'g, IfqL, 7s'/L ;db' fosf] a;f]jf; /x]sf] b]lvG5 . kf7 @ dflg;nfO{ p;sf] aflx/L z/L/n] xfO] g p;sf] leqL zLn:jefjn] p;nfO{ ;'Gb/ agfPsf] xG' 5 . dflg;sf] hLjgdf d'Vo b'O{ s'/fx¿ x'G5g\\ . Pp6f z/L/ csf]{ cfTdf . z/L/ slxNo} /xbF g} / cfTdf slxNo} db{}g . xfdf| ] z/L/ k[YjL, hn, th] , jfo' / cfsfz h:tf k~ref}lts tŒjn] ldn]/ ag]sf] x'G5 . dflg; d/]kl5 p;sf] z/L/ tL tŒjx¿;uF } ldn]/ hfG5 . To;}n] xfdf| ] z/L/ df6f]9'ª\\ufsf] Pp6f 5'§} :j¿k dfq} xf] . cfTdf ch/, cd/ / cljgfzL x'G5 . dflg;sf leqL u0' f / p;n] u/]sf sds{ f] cfwf/df p;sf] hLjgsf] dN\" o :yflkt xg' hfG5 . aflx/ bV] bf ;G' b/ b]lvPg eg]/ s;n} fO{ klg xn] fxfF;f] ug{' eg]sf] dflg;sf] d\"v{tf l;jfo sx] L xf]Og . lx8F \\g g;Sg,] afN] g, bV] g jf z/L/sf cªu\\ x¿ rnfpg g;Sg] so} fF} dflg;x¿n] /fd|f] sfd u//] ;dfhdf k\"Ho ePsf 5g\\ . ;flxTosf/ kfl/hft / ¹dssd' f/L, cªu\\ ]|hL ;flxTosL xn] ]g s]n/ cflbsf] z/L/ aflx/ b]Vbf ;an / ;kfª\\u geP klg sLlt{ / sl[ tn] pgLx¿ ;as} f] dgdl:tisdf a:g ;kmn ePsf 5g\\ . Oltxf; lz/f]dl0f afa'/fd cfrfo{ b[li6ljxLg eP/ klg cd/ ag]sf 5g\\ . 218 ;'gufef gk] fnL z[ª\\vnf sIff &

kf7 # lbgxF' lg:sg] klqsfnfO{ bl} gs, xKtfxKtfdf lg:sg] klqsfnfO{ ;fKtflxs, kGw| lbgdf lg:sg] klqsfnfO{ kflIfs, dlxgfdf Ps rf]l6 lg:sg] klqsfnfO{ dfl;s / jif{ lbgdf Ps k6s dfq lg:sg] klqsfnfO{ jflifs{ klqsf elgG5 . kqklqsf eg]sf] 1fgsf] e08f/ xf] . o;af6 1fglj1fgsf gofFgofF s'/fx¿ yfxf kfOG5 . kqklqsfaf6 v]ns'b, /fhgLlt, ;fdflhs ultljlw, cflys{ ptf/r9fj cflb s'/fx¿sf] hfgsf/L kfpg ;lsG5 . efiff ;flxTosf nflu klg kqklqsfsf] lgs} 7\"nf] el\" dsf /xs] f] x'G5 . o;af6 sNkgf zlQm / nv] g snfsf] klg ljsf; x'G5 . zAb e08f/ jl[ 4 ugs{ f nflu klg kqklqsfsf] lgs} 7\"nf] of]ubfg /xG5 . o;n] /dfOnf 36gfx¿ kl:sP/ kf7sx¿nfO{ e/k'/ dgf/] ~hg klg k|bfg ub{5 . lgoldt ¿kdf kqklqsf k9\\g] ljBfyL{x¿n] ;fdfGo1fg k|ltofl] utf, jfbljjfb, jStT[ jsnf / lgaGw n]vgdf klg /fd|f] k:| t'lt ug{ ;S5g\\ . o;sf ;fy} kqklqsfdf 5flkPsf ;r\" gf / lj1fkgx¿af6 klg dflg;n] ljleGg dfs} f/ cj;/x¿af6 kmfObf lng ;S5 . To;n} ] lgoldt¿kdf kqklqsfsf] cWoog ug{] afgL a;fNgk' 5{ . kf7 $ b]zsf of]Uo gful/sx¿ b]z 5f8] /] ljbz] df hfgk' g{] afWofTds kl/l:yltnfO{ kl| tef knfog elgG5 . kl| tef knfog xfd|f] bz] sf] ljs/fn ;d:of xf] . b]zsf pmhfz{ Ln o'jfoj' tLx¿ k|Tos] lbg bz] 5f]8/] ljb]l;Psf 5g\\ . bz] df ljBdfg a]/fh] uf/L ;d:of, /fhgLlts cl:y/tf nufotsf sf/0fn] k|ltef knfogsf] ;d:of bl] vPsf] 5 . pRr lzIff;Dd cWoog ul/;s/] klg cfÇgf] bz] df ;Gtfi] fhgs sfd kfpg g;Sbf w/] } k|ltefn] bz] 5f8] \\g afWo ePsf 5g\\ . cfhefl] n ufpuF fpsF f oj' fo'jtLx¿ ljb]l;Psf sf/0fn] ubf{ ufpsF f 3/x¿ j[4f>d h:t} ePsf 5g\\ . ufp3F /df cfkt\\ljkt\\ kbf{ ;xof]u ug{] oj' fx¿sf] cefj v8\\lsg yfn]sf] 5 . dflg;sf] dT[ o' xFb' f / s;s} f] ljjfx x'bF f hGt hfg] o'jfx¿ ;d]t gx'g] kl/l:ylt cfpg' b'ef{Uosf] s/' f xf] . o; lsl;dsf] ;d:osf] ;dfwfgsf nflu ca k|Tos] JolQmn] ;fR] g'kg{] jn] f cfPsf] 5 . :jbz] d} a;/] klg cfocfhg{ sf af6fx¿ vfN] g ;lsg] s/' fsf k|df0fx¿ b]vfP/ oj' f knfognfO{ /f]Sg' cfjZos 5 . ;/sf/n] klg k|ltefknfogsf] ;d:ofnfO{ /f]Sgsf nflu l56f]eGbf l56f] ke| fjsf/L sbdx¿ rfNgk' g]{ bl] vPsf] 5 . kf7 % /Qmbfg hLjgbfg xf] . dflg;sf] z/L/df /ut aGg] k|lj|mof ;wF} lg/Gt/ rln/xG5 . /Qmbfg ubf{ s'g} gfS] ;fgL xFb' g} . sg' } klg :j:y JolQmn] /Qmbfg ug{ ;S5 . !^ jif{b]lv dfly ^) jif;{ Ddsf JolQmn] /Qmbfg ug{ ;S5g\\ . $% lsnf]u|fdeGbf a9L tfn} ePsf] JolQmn] /Qmbfg ubf{ z/L/nfO{ sg' } klg c;/ kb}g{ . Pr=cfO={ eL, xk] f6fOl6; aL h:tf /fu] x¿ nfus] f] JolQmn] /Qmbfg ug'{xb'F }g . PskN6df ! lk|G6 cyf{t\\ # ;o %) Pd=Pn /ut lbg] ul/G5 . xfdLn] lbPsf] /utsf] kl\" t{ rfa} L; 306fleqdf xg' ] ub{5 . k|To]s :j:y JolQmn] # dlxgfdf PskN6 /Qmbfg ug{ ;S5 . g]kfndf lj=;+= @)@# ;fpg ;'gufef gk] fnL z[ªv\\ nf sIff & 219

!@ ut] jL/ c:ktfndf gk] fn /8] qm; ;f;] fO6Ln] nIdL An8 a}ªs\\ sf] gfddf /Qmbfg ;]jf ;'? u/s] f] lyof] . gk] fndf klxnf] /Qmbfg ug]{ JolQm bofjL/l;x+ s;+ fsf/ xg' \\ eg] ;ae} Gbf a9L /Qmbfg ug]{ JolQm kd|] ;fu/ sdfr{ fo{ xg' \\ . pgn] !%) kN6eGbf a9L / %% ln6/eGbf a9L /Qmbfg ul/;ss] f 5g\\ . pgL eG5g,\\ ‘/Qmbfg ubf{ dfG5] sdhf/] xF'b}g . a? lbPkl5 gofF /ut aG5 / JolQm :j:y x'G5 .’ kf7 ^ jftfj/0f eGgfn] jl/kl/sf] xfjf, kfgL, df6f], hª\\un cflbsf] ;dli6ut ¿k eGg] al' ¹G5 . o;n] dfgj, hgfj/ tyf jg:kltsf] hLjgdf k|ToIf ke| fj kfb5{ . jtd{ fg ;dodf lj1fg / k|ljlwsf] ljsf;sf ;fy} hg;ª\\Vof j[l4n] jftfj/0fnfO{ uDeL/ c;/ kf/]sf] bl] vG5 To;}n] ‘:j:y jftfj/0f g} :jR5 hLjg xf]’ eGg] egfO cf¹] ]ndf k/s] f] bl] vG5 . a9b\\ f] ;x/Ls/0fn] ubf{ k|fs[lts ;Gt'ng / rqmnfO{ ke| fljt tN' ofpg] u/L jftfj/0f k|b\"lift xF'b} uPsf] 5 . a9b\\ f] pBf]uwGbfsf] ljsf;n] kY[ jL tfTg] j|md a9]sf] 5 o;nfO{ dflg;sf] c1fgtf / cb\"/blz{tf klg dfGg ;lsG5 . To:t} xfjf, kfgL, df6f] k|b\"lift eO{ kf| 0fL tyf jg:kltsf] hLjg bogLo aGb} uO/x]sf] 5 . jftfj/0fnfO{ :jR5 / :j:y /fVgsf nflu hgr]tgf a9fO{ ;jq{ 1fg kmn} fpg' cfhsf] cfjZostf ePsf] 5 . kf7 & stJ{ o egs] f] bfloTj jf lhDdj] f/L xf] . g]kfnL zAbsfz] sf] kl/efiffcg';f/ s'n k/Dk/f gLltlgod tyf ;fdflhs cfjZostfcg;' f/ ug'k{ g{] jf cFuflng] sfd g} st{Jo xf] . dflg; ;fdflhs k|f0fL xf] . ;dfhdf a:bf p;sf w/] } st{Jox¿ xG' 5g\\ . tL stJ{ o lgjf{x ug{ ;sd] f dfq} dflg; ;fdflhs kf| 0fL ePsf] ;fy{s xG' 5 . cfÇgf] bz] sf] sfgg' sf] kfngf ug{' dflg;sf] klxnf] stJ{ o xf] . cfÇgf] bz] sf] ;Ldf /Iff ug{' / b]znfO{ ljsfl;t agfpFb} hfg' dflg;sf] csf]{ st{Jo xf] . ;dfhdf b]lvg] ljsl[ t lj;ªu\\ ltx¿sf] lj?4 cfjfh p7fpg' klg dflg;sf] st{Jo xf] . cfÇgf] / kl/jf/sf] lxtsf] nflu dfq} ;f]Rg'nfO{ w]/} dflg;n] st{Jo ;lD¹Psf xG' 5g\\ . Tof] ;ª\\sL0f{ ljrf/ xf] . JolQmut / kfl/jfl/s :jfya{ f6 dfly p7]/ bz] , hgtf / dfgj hfltsf] nflu s'g} pNn]vgLo sfd ug{ ;Sg'nfO{ c;n st{Jo dfGg ;lsG5 . sIffsf] cfÇgf] ;fyLn] k9fOdf Wofg glbPsf] jf sn' tdf nfus] f] yfxf kfPdf lzIfs jf ;fyLsf cleefjsnfO{ hfgsf/L lbg' klg Pp6f stJ{ o xf] . ;fyL laluo| f] eg] cfkm\" nfO{ kmfObf x'G5, cfkm\" dfq} k|yd x'g kfOG5 eGg] s'/f ;fR] g' ;ªs\\ L0f{ ljrf/ xf] . ;ª\\sL0f{ ljrf/ ePsf] dflg; slxNo} cl3 a9g\\ ;Sb}g . k9fOdf xf];\\ jf h'g;'s} kl| t:kwfd{ f xf;] \\ :j:y kl| t:kwf{ ug{] lxDdt ug{] dflg; g} ;kmn dflg; aGg k'U5 . c¿sf] s'enf] ;fr] ]/ jf c¿sf] ljklQ b]v/] /dfpg] dflg; v/fa dflg; xf] . ;as} f] enf] lrtfpg] / cfjZos k/]df c¿sf nflu 7n\" f] Tofu ug{] dflg; g} ;dfhdf kH\" o xG' 5 / Oltxf;df :d/0fLo xG' 5 . 220 ;g' ufef g]kfnL zª[ v\\ nf sIff &

kf7 * laxfg p7\\gl] alQs} lxdfn b]Vg kfOof];\\ . oL xftn] ;w;F} wF} g]kfn nV] g kfOof];\\ gk] fn n]Vg kfOof;] \\ . gk] fnL >d / ;Lksf] ke| fj lbuGt kml} nof];\\ dnfO{ 6]sL v8' \\lsnf] of] b]z dfly plSnof;] \\ . gk] fnsf] d ;Gtlt ;uj{ eGg kfOof;] \\ . dnfO{ 5g} rfxgf d/]/ :ju{df k'ufF,} 5 sfdgf oxL d/] f] a? d gsd{ } k¿F hxfF ku' ] klg t/ g]kfnL e6] g\\ kfOof;] \\ . g]kfnL eGg kfOof;] \\ . of] ;\"or{ Gb|sf] Wjhf d]/} /utn] /ª\\luof];\\ oxLsF f] hn chF n' Le/ lgn]/ dg{ kfOof;] \\ :jb]zsf] lglDt of] lz/ r9fpg kfOof;] \\ . laxfg p7g\\ ]lalQs} lxdfn bV] g kfOof];\\ . oL xftn] ;wF};wF} g]kfn n]Vg kfOof];\\ gk] fn n]Vg kfOof];\\ . –sfnLk|;fb l/hfn kf7 ( ;fdfGotof kf| 0fL hfltsf] lxt ljk/Lt s'g} klg s/' fnfO{ ˆjf§} ljZjf; ug{' / ToxL ljZjf; cg¿' ksf sfo{ ug'{ cGwljZjf; xf] . cGwljZjf; dfgl;s / ;fdflhs /f]u xf] h;n] dxf/fu] ag]/ gk] fnL ;dfhnfO{ IftljIft kf/]sf] 5 . o;n] lzlIft clzlIft, wgL ul/a, ;Eo, c;Eo ;a}nfO{ 5f]Psf] 5 . g]kfnL ;dfhdf c¹} klg sltko 7fpFdf rl' xPsf] 5fgf] 5fpg ;fOt x]/fpgk' 5{ . r]nLn] dfOt hfg ltly xg] {k' 5{ . ¹f8fkvfnfn] l;ls:t xb'F f klg kfgL lkpg glbO{ bj] Lb]jtfsf] bf]if egL sfnf] efn] r9fpg] k/Dk/f 5 . s;n} ] s;}nfO{ xb] f{ la/fdL eof] eg] af]S;fafS] ;Lsf] cf/f]k nufpFb} lgGbgLo / cdfgjLo sfo{ ug{] rng 5 . oxfF h;n] dlGb/sf] uh/' agfpF5, pm dlGb/ l5g{ kfpFbg} . PSsfO;f}F ztfAbLdf klg cfhsf] dfG5] lzIff / rt] gfsf] cefjdf cGwljZjf;sf] eQm agL csfnd} hLjg u'dfpg afWo 5 . To;nfO{ x6fpgsf nflu ufpFufpdF f lzIff / r]tgfsf] Hofl] t afNgk' 5,{ pQd ljrf/ / k|ultzLn ;f]r ljrf/ clg cu|udgsf] ofqf rnfpg'k5{ / o:tf cdfgjLo / lgGbgLo sfod{ f ;+nUg hf]sf]xLnfO{ klg sfg'gsf] s73/fdf pEofpg'k5{ clg dfq :jR5, ;dG' gt ;dfhsf] lgdf{0f ug{ ;lsG5 . ;'gufef g]kfnL zª[ v\\ nf sIff & 221

kf7 !) g]kfn k|fsl[ ts ;G' b/tfn] el/k\"0f{ b]z xf] . oxfsF f] lxdfn, kxf8 / t/fOs{ f] ;/+ rgf cToGt ;'Gb/ 5 . gk] fnsf] pQ/lt/ k\"jb{ l] v klZrd;Dd kml} nPsf ;]tf lxdz[ªv\\ nfn] gk] fnnfO{ lgs} ;'Gb/ agfPsf 5g\\ . lxdfnbl] v tNnf] efudf km}lnPsf] kxf8L Ifq] plQs} cfsifs{ 5 . cUnfcUnf 8f8F fx¿, xl/of] hª\\un, n]s, aF;] L, e~Hofª / rf}tf/Ln] kxf8L If]qnfO{ a]xn' Lh:t} l;Fuf/s] f 5g\\ . 7fp7F fpdF f km'Ng] hfxL, hx' L, a]nL, rd]nL, ;okqL, ;'gfv/L, ;'gufefh:tf km\"nx¿n] Psflt/ ;G' b/tf a9fPsf x'G5g\\ eg] csf{lt/ ;'uGw klg km}NofPsf x'G5g\\ . 8fFkm], sfO] nL, 9s' '/ nufotsf r/fr'?ª\\uLn] jghª\\un / kxf8sf a:tLx¿df ;fª\\uLlts jftfj/0fsf] l;h{gf u/]sf 5g\\ . lxdfnb]lv kxf8 xb'F } t/fO{lt/ aUg] gbLx¿sf] dgf]x/ b[Zon] g]kfn :juh{ :tf] ;'Gb/ ags] f] 5 . To;u} /L t/fOs{ f] ee\" fu / leqL dw;] df klg k|fsl[ ts ;'Gb/tfsf gofgF ofF ¿kx¿ bV] g kfOG5 . lxpbF df kmfF6el/ kmn' ]sf] kx]Fnk'/ tf/] Lsf] kmn\" sf] /; r:' g eg' eg ub}{ df}/Lx¿ p8]sf] b[Zo lgs} nfe] nfUbf] x'G5 . z/b\\ Ctd' f ¹'n]sf] nxnxfpbF f] wfgsf] kmf6F bv] /] ke| fljt gx'g] sf] g} xf]nf / < g]kfnsf] k|fsl[ ts ;'Gb/tfsf] j0f{g u//] slj slxNo} yfSb}gg\\ . oxfFsf] k|s[ltdf dUgd:t ePkl5 ljbz] L ko{6sx¿ klg :jbz] kmlsg{ rfxFbg} g\\ . kl5Nnf] ;dodf k|ljlw ljsf; / ;x/Ls/0fn] ubf{ kf| sl[ ts ;'Gb/tfnfO{ sx] L xflg k¥' ofO/x]sf] 5 . kf7 !! dfa] fOn ;~rf/sf ;fwgx¿dWo]sf] Pp6f dxŒjk\"0f{ ;fwg xf] . cfhefl] n df]afOn ;a}sf] ;fydf x'g] u5{ . dfa] fOn k|Tos] dflg;nfO{ geOgxg' ] cj:yf cfPsf] 5 . t/ o;sf] ;bk' ofu] ugs{' f] ;§fdf b?' kofu] eof] eg] o;n] ;d:ofx¿ cfOk5{g\\ . sltko afnaflnsfx¿ dfa] fOndf ud] v]n/] cfÇgf] dxŒjk\"0f{ ;donfO{ v]/ kmfln/x]sf xG' 5g\\ . To;f] ug'{ /fd|f] s'/f xf]Og . dfa] fOndf w]/}a/] ud] vN] bf ;do lats] f] kQf] x'bF g} . h;n] ubf{ ;dodf ux[ sfo{ k\"/f ug{ ;lsFb}g . w]/} ljBfyL{x¿n] dfa] fOndf u]d v]n]/ a:bf cfÇgf] k9fO laufl//x]sf xG' 5g\\ . nuftf/ w]/} ;do;Dd df]afOn vn] fO/xbF f w]/} afnaflnsfsf] cfFvf lalug| ] ;d:of b]lvPsf] 5 . To;n} ] df]afOnsf] k|of]u ;xL ;dodf ;xL sfdsf] nflu dfq} ug{'k5{ . df]afOnaf6 cTofjZos 7fpxF ¿ / cTofjZos JolQmx¿nfO{ kmfg] ug{ ;an} ] hfGgk' 5{ . ljzi] f u/]/ PDa'nG] ;, bdsn, c:ktfn h:tf ;+jb] gzLn :yfgx¿df sg' } klg ;do ;Dks{ ug{ hfGgk' 5{ . 3/sf ;a} ;b:osf] df]afOn g+= ofb /fVg'k5{ . s'g} klg ;do dflg;nfO{ ;d:ofx¿ cfOkg{ ;S5g\\ . To:tf] ;dodf dfa] fOnsf] ko| fu] ug{ hfGg'k5{ . kf7 !@ kY[ jLgf/fo0f zfxn] gk] fn PsLs/0f u/s] f lyP . g]kfn PsLs/0f x'ge' Gbfcl3 gk] fn afO;] rfa} L;] /fHodf ljeflht lyof] . h;/L w/] } kmn\" x¿nfO{ uf;F /] Pp6f dfnf agfOG5, To;u} /L 5l/P/ /xs] f w]/} /fHox¿nfO{ Pp6} agfP/ l;ªu\\ f] gk] fn agfOPsf] lyof] . gk] fn PsLs/0f ug]{ k[YjLgf/fo0f 222 ;g' ufef gk] fnL zª[ v\\ nf sIff &

zfx uf/] vfsf /fhf g/e\"kfn zfxsf 5f/] f x'g\\ . pgL cToGt} b/\" bzL{ /fhf lyP . pgn] 6'j|mf6'j|mfdf 5l/P/ /x]sf] g]kfnnfO{ glhssf zlQmzfnL /fi6« rLg / ef/tn] s'g} klg ;dodf cfÇgf] cwLgdf lng ;Sg] ;Defjgf bv] ] . kY[ jLgf/fo0f zfxnfO{ Pstfdf 7\"nf] zlQm x'G5 eGg] s'/fsf] /fd|} 1fg lyof] . bz] nfO{ arfpgsf nflu pgn] ;a}lt/sf /fhf/hf6} fx¿nfO{ k/f:t u/]/ l;ª\\uf] g]kfn agfpg ;kmn eP . To;sf nflu pgn] w/] } ;ª\\3if{ ug{'k¥of] . pgL ;fx;, k/fjm| d h:tf u'0fn] o'Qm /fhf lyP . g]kfn PsLs/0fkl5 pgn] lbJofk] b]zdfkmt{ g]kfnL hgtfnfO{ w/] } /fd|f/fdf| s'/fx¿ lbPsf 5g\\ . lbJofk] b]z pgn] lbPsf ctL{ / pkbz] n] el/Psf] sl[ t xf] . Pscfk;df ¹u8f ugx'{ G' g, :jb]zL db' |fnfO{ ljbz] nh} fg lbg x'Gg, g]kfn ;a} hftsf] kmn\" af/L ePsfn] t/] f]d]/f]sf] efjgf /fVg'xG' g eGg] h:tf k[YjLgf/fo0f zfxsf pkbz] x¿ clxn] klg cg's/0fofU] o 5g\\ . kf7 !# gofFgofF vf]h / cg;' Gwfg ug]{ dflg;nfO{ j1} flgs elgG5 . ;+;f/sf kl| ;4 j}1flgsx¿dWos] f Ps x'g\\ ;/ cfOHofs Go'6g . Go6' gsf] hGd ;g\\ !^&@ df la|6g] df ePsf] lyof] . xg' ] la?jfsf] lrNnf] kft eg¹] F} Go'6g ;fgb} l] v /fd|f/fdf| u'0f / :jefjn] oQ' m afns lyP . laxfgLn] lbgsf] ;ªs\\ ]t u5{ eg]¹}F Go6' g ;fgb} ]lv gofFgofF s'/fx¿sf] vfh] / cg';Gwfgdf tNnLg b]lvGy] . Go'6gn] ;'?df kfgL38L, w\"k38L / jfo'3§ agfPsf lyP . pgn] 6]ln:sfk] sf] klg cfljisf/ u/s] f lyP . 6]ln:sfk] n] lgs} 6f9fsf] j:tn' fO{ glhs} b]vfpF5 . Ps lbg au}Frfdf al;/xs] f j]nfdf ¿vaf6 :ofp eO' Fdf v;]sf] b]v]/ Go'6gsf] dgdf lh1f;f pTkGg eof] . ToxL lh1f;fsf] ;dfwfg ub}{ hfFbf pgn] kY[ jL nufotsf lk08x¿df x'g] cfsif{0f ansf] af/d] f kQf nufP . Tof] annfO{ u?' Tjfsif0{ f an elgG5 . hg' u|xsf] tf}n w]/} x'G5, To;sf] cfsif0{ f an klg w/] } xG' 5 . w/] } an ePsf] u|xn] yf/] } an ePsf] u|xnfO{ cfkm\" lt/ lvRb5 . oxL lgodcg';f/ ansf] sf/0fn] rGbd| f kY[ jLlt/ cfslif{t x'G5 / kY[ jLsf] jl/kl/ kl/jm| df u5{ . kf7 !$ pbo ef] ca ;Gt j;Gtsf] g ca zLtn zLt n6Ss 5g\\ ks| 6 ef] 5la lrq lalrqsf] g v/ cftk cfFt kufNb5g\\ sd eof] an zLtn zLtsf] g cj afbn jf bn afFWb5g\\ ?lr/ ef] clg ;u{ lg;u{sf] .!. g t ljkNnj kNnj kfp5F g\\ .#. ;a lxdfn lxdfnosf vn' ] bdgdf dgdflkms kmn\" n] gj ;/fh] ;/f]hdf km'n] as'nsf s'nsf v;' rfnn] ca knf; knfzdxfF r9] e'jgdf jgdf ;'ifdf eof] ta czf]s czfs] eO{ a9] .@. lzlz/sf] lz/sf] k/ e}uof] .$. -;fd] gfy l;Ubn] _ ;'gufef g]kfnL z[ªv\\ nf sIff & 223

kf7 !% vKt8 /fli6o« lgs'~h gk] fnsf ;'Gb/ ko6{ sLo If]qx¿dWos] f] Ps xf] . of] ;b/\" klZrdsf 8f]6L, a¹fª, afh/' f / c5fd lhNnfsf] ;ª\\uddf /xs] f] 5 . of] 7fpFnfO{ @)$@ df vKt8 /fli6o« lgs~' h 3fi] f0ff ul/Psf] xf] . of] 7fpFnfO{ gbLgfnf, ¹/gf, s0' 8x¿ / xl/of] hªu\\ nn] zfe] fodfg agfPsf] 5 . oxfF :j= vKt8 :jfdLsf] cf>d /xs] f] 5 . ToxfF /x]sf] #@&^ ld6/ cUnf] ;x;| lnª\\u gfd u/]sf] r'r'/fn] vKt8nfO{ c¹} ;'Gb/ agfPsf] 5 . ToxfF :j0f{ uª\\uf, gLnuª\\uf / cfsfz uªu\\ f gfd u/]sf tLg j6f gbL tLglt/af6 cfP/ Ps} 7fpdF f ldns] f 5g\\ . Tof] 7fpnF fO{ lqj]0fL elgG5 . lqj]0fLdf nfUg] bzx/f dn] f x]g{ w]/} dflg;x¿ cfpg] u5g{ \\ . oxfF d[u, Ajf;F f], 3f/] n, lrQn h:tf hgfj/x¿ kfOG5g\\ . sfO] nL 8fkF m,] dg' fn h:tf r/fr?' ª\\uLx¿ / cg]sfF} kmn\" x¿n] vKt8nfO{ /ªl\\ urª\\uL agfPsf 5g\\ . oxfF wk' L, u/' f;F , lr/fOtf], af;F , lgufnf] h:tf jg:klt / cgs] fF} h8La6' Lx¿ klg kfOG5g\\ . ToxfsF f] 7\"nf] rx'/ / xl/of] hª\\unn] g} vKt8nfO{ ;'Gb/ agfPsf x'g\\ . of] 7fpsF f] kr| f/k;| f/ ug{ ;sd] f bz] ljb]zaf6 w]/} ko{6sx¿nfO{ leœofpg ;lsG5 . kf7 !^ uLtdf hg' dfqfdf ;/ntf x'G5, ;xhtf xG' 5 / cfÇgf]kg x'G5 jf cfTdk/stf xG' 5, Tof] cGo ;flxlTos ljwfdf xF'bg} . efjsf] lgs} /fd|f] k|:t'ltsf] b[li6n] uLtnfO{ pl5Gg] csf]{ ;flxlTos ljwf 5}g . uLteGbf kl5 efjsf] k:| tl' t sljtfdf xG' 5 eg] To;kl5 s|dzM syf pkGof; clg gf6sdf x'g] u5{ . o;n] ubf{ t'ngfTds ¿kdf af}l4stf, bz{g cflbsf] k|of]u uLtdf sd x'G5 . efjsf] Ps ¹6\\sf jf ;+ju] sf] Ps ¹f]Ssf ;xh tl/sfn] JoQm ul/g] ePsfn] / dfG5] :jefj}n] ;/ntf / ;xhtfsf] k|d] L xg' ] ePsfn] uLtn] cfslift{ ug{] zlQm kf| Kt u/s] f] xf] . uLtdf ljleGg s/' fx¿ ;xh 9ªu\\ af6 JoQm x'G5g\\ . aˆ' gsf nflu w]/} s;/t ug{' gkg]{ xg' fn] logn] efjsf] k:| t'ltdf afwf pTkGg ubg{} g,\\ h;n] ubf{ uLt rt] gfaf6 yf/] axt' lgolGqt eP/ klg of] yfxf gkfOPsf] ;To jf ;Totfsf] g} k:| t'lt xf] . o;n] ubf{ uLtn] dflg;nfO{ cfÇg} hLjgsf] ulx/fOdf k'Ug klg /fhdfu{ k|bfg ub5{ . 224 ;'gufef gk] fnL zª[ \\vnf sIff &