Green-Sungava-Nepali-7

&= cfÇgf] b]z 5f8] ]/ ljb]zdf hfg] kl/l:ylt lsg cfOk5{ / of] ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfg s;/L ug{ ;lsG5 < ts{;lxt :ki6 kf/ . tnsf] kf7 Wofg lbP/ k9 M 5fqj[lQsf nflu lgjb] g ldlt @)&%–)%–)( >Ldfg\\ kw| fgfWofks, /f]on klAns :s'n, afuahf/, sf7df8f}F . ljifo M 5fqjl[ Q kfpmF eGg]af/] . dxfb] o, pkoQ'{ m ;DaGwdf d o; ljBfnosf] sIff & df cWoog/t lgoldt 5fqf x“' . d ljBfnodf xg' ] z}lIfs tyf cltl/Qm ljm| ofsnfkx¿df pTs[i6 /xbF } cfPsL 5' . ut jif{ sIff ^ df pRr cªs\\ NofO{ k|yd ePsf] s'/f oxfn“ fO{ cjut g} 5 . To:t} ljBfnon] jn] fj]nfdf lng] q}dfl;s tyf dfl;s k/LIffx¿df klg dn} ] ljlzi6tf xfl;n ub{} cfPsL 5' . ljBfnoleq xg' ] lrqsnf, gT[ o, jSt[Tjsnf h:tf cltl/Qm lj|mofsnfkdf klg d]/f] k:| t'lt pTsi[ 6 /xbF } cfPsf] 5 eg] dn} ] cGt/ljBfno kl| tof]lutfx¿df klg cfÇgf] ljBfnosf] gfd pRr /fv]sL 5' . d/] f] nugzLntf tyf bIftfsf] sb/ ub{} ljBfnon] cfÇgf] jflif{s ;df/f]xdf dnfO{ ;Ddfg klg u/]sf] s/' f >Ldfgn\\ fO{ ljlbt} 5 . eljiodf lrlsT;s eP/ b]zsf] ;j] f ug]{ d/] f] 7\"nf] /x/ 5 . k9fOk|lt cToGt ?lr xbF' fx'Fb} klg d}n] k9fO 5f8] g\\ 'kg]{ l:ylt cfPsf] 5 . d]/f] 3/sf] cflys{ cj:yf cToGt gfhs' 5 . kl/jf/df cflys{ ;f| t] a'afsf] sdfO dfq xf] . a9\\bf] dxFuLsf sf/0f pxfF Ps hgfsf] sdfOn] kl/jf/sf] e/0fkf]if0f klg /fd|/L x'g g;s]sf] cj:yfdf d/] f] tyf efOsf] k9fO vr{ h'6fpg ;Sg] cj:yf 5}g . cfdfn] ldlxg]t dhb/' L u/]/ cfh;Dd t ;sLg;sL d/] f] k9fOsf nflu rflxg] cfjZos vr{ h'6fp“b} cfpge' Psf] lyof] t/ pxfsF f] :jf:Yodf ;d:of cfPsf sf/0f ca sfd ug{ ;Sg] cj:yfdf x'g'x'Gg . o:tf] afWofTds kl/l:yltdf dn} ] k9fO 5f8g\\ ' l;jfo c¿ sx] L pkfo 5g} . o:tfd] f o; ljBfnoaf6 ul/a tyf hx] gbf/ ljBfyL{nfO{ k|bfg ul/g] 5fqjl[ Q d}n] kfPF eg] d]/f] k9\\g] rfxgfn] dt\" {¿k lng] lyof] . To;n} ] ljBfnon] k|bfg ug{] 5fqj[lQ cfkm\" n] kfpm“ egL >Ldfg\\ ;dIf of] lgjb] g k]; u/s] L 5' . >Ldfg\\sf] hf] cf1f . xh/' sL cf1fsf/L 5fqf cfof{ 1jfnL sIff &, /f]n g+= ! ;g' ufef g]kfnL z[ªv\\ nf sIff & 51

c= tnsf zAbx¿ tLgtLg k6s n]v M cWoog/t, ljm| ofsnfk, ljlzi6tf, cGt/ljBfno, e/0fkfi] f0f, kl/l:ylt, d\"t{¿k cf= 7Ls egfOdf /h] f -µ_ nufpm M s= lgj]bsn] kw| fgfWofksnfO{ lgjb] g nv] ]sL l5g\\ . v= cfk\"m ;DkGg ePsfn] 5fqjl[ Qsf] dfu ul/Psf] 5 . u= lgj]bssf lktf ljb]zdf sfd ug{x' G' 5 . 3= lgjb] s sIffdf ;jf]{Ts[i6 :yfgdf l5g\\ . ª= 5fqjl[ Q gkfP lgj]bsn] ljBfno 5f]8g\\ ;lS5g\\ . O= tnsf k|Zgx¿sf] pQ/ bp] m M != dflysf] lgj]bg s] ljifodf nl] vPsf] 5 < @= cfof{ ss] ]df pTsi[ 6 xb'F } cfPsL l5g\\ < #= jflif{s ;df/fx] df lgjb] snfO{ ljBfnon] s] u/s] f] lyof] < $= s] sf/0fn] kl/jf/sf] e/0fkf]if0f ug{ g;Sg] cj:yf cfPsf] 5 < %= cfdf lsg sfd ug{ g;Sg] cj:yfdf kU' g'ePsf] xf] < ;'gfO ;Lk -ki[ 7 @!( df lbOPsf] cg'R5]b_ lzIfsaf6 jf l;8Laf6 ;'g / tnsf sfox{ ¿ u/ M != tnsf k|Zgx¿sf] PsPs jfSodf pQ/ n]v M s= k|ltef knfog egs] f] s] xf] < v= s] sf/0fn] k|ltef knfogsf] ;d:of bl] vPsf] xf] < u= ufp3F /df s;sf] cefj v8\\lsg yfns] f] 5 < 3= s] s'/f be' fU{ ok\"0f{ xf] < ª= s] ljifodf ;an} ] ;fR] g'kg{] j]nf cfPsf] 5 < 52 ;'gufef gk] fnL zª[ v\\ nf sIff &

@= sf]i7saf6 vfnL 7fpdF f 7Ls zAb e/ M s_ kl| tef knfog xfd|f] b]zsf] ======================= ;d:of xf] . -ljs/fn, ;fdfGo_ v_ ufpsF f 3/x¿ ======================= h:t} ePsf 5g\\ . u_ o'jfx¿sf] ======================= v8\\lsg yfn]sf] 5 . -;j] f>d, j4[ f>d_ -cefj, ke| fj_ 3_ ;/sf/n] l56f]eGbf l56f] ======================= sbdx¿ rfNg'kg]{ bl] vPsf] 5 . -ke| fjsf/L, ljgfzsf/L_ ª_ ============ af6fx¿ b]vfP/ o'jf knfognfO{ /fS] g' cfjZos 5 .-lalu|g,] cfocfh{gsf_ Jofs/0f ;Lk gfdofu] L gfd jf ;j{gfd;u“ hfl] 8P/ cfpg] clg cfk\"m hfl] 8Psf] gfd jf ;j{gfdsf] lj|mof;“usf] ;DaGw a'¹fpg] cJoo zAbnfO{ gfdof]uL elgG5 . tn gfdof]uL zAbx¿ lbOPsf 5g\\ . ltgnfO{ z'4;Fu pRrf/0f u/ M eGbf lt/ tkm{ ;Dd g]/ dfly d'lg aflx/ leq jfl/ kfl/ nflu af6 b]lv lglDt afx]s ;d]t cufl8 k5fl8 ;u“ l;t h:t} ¹}F cg';f/ lg/ el/ ljgf kl§ k|lt ;fy v]/ dWo] glhs ;dIf lalQs} jl/kl/ ;§f kZrft\\ kl5 cl3 != kf7df gfdof]uL vf]h]/ /v] fª\\sg u/ . @= tnsf gfdofu] Lx¿sf] cy{ vN' g] u/L jfSodf ko| fu] u/ M lt/, nflu, h:t}, dWo], ;Dd, b]lv, cg;' f/, ;dIf, dfly, afxs] , el/, jl/kl/ l;h{gfTds ;Lk != cfÇgf] dgdf nfu]sf s'/fx¿ c¿nfO{ nv] ]/ k7fpg] dfWodnfO{ lr7L elgG5 . JolQmut lr7L / sfofn{ oLo lr7L u/]/ lr7L bO' { ks| f/sf 5g\\ . JolQmut lr7LnfO{ 3/fo;L lr7L klg elgG5 . 3/fo;L lr7L kl/jf/sf ;b:ox¿, Oi6ldq tyf ;g' ufef gk] fnL z[ªv\\ nf sIff & 53

;fyLefOnfO{ nl] vg] lr7L xf] eg] sfof{noLo lr7L sfof{nonfO{ n]lvg] lr7L xf] . o:tf] lr7LnfO{ lgj]bg elgG5 . lgj]bg nV] g] vf; tl/sf x'G5 . tl/sf k'¥ofP/ n]lvPg eg] lgjb] g aGb}g . kf7df lbOPsf] lr7L s:tf] lr7L xf], yfxf kfof} < @= cfk\"mn] e|d0f u/s] f] s'g} :yfgsf] j0fg{ u//] ;fyLnfO{ lr7L n]v . #= labfdf 3/ cfpFbf /fd|f/fd|f syfsf lstfa NofOlbg cg'/f]w u/]/ ;x/df a;s] f sfsfnfO{ lr7L n]v . tnsf] uBfz+ af6 rf/ j6f a“'bf l6kL ;f/fz+ nv] M g]kfn lxdfn, kxf8 / t/fO{sf] ljljwtfn] el/Psf] ;G' b/ auF}rf xf] . aurF} fdf /ªu\\ Lrª\\uL km\"nx¿ /x¹] }F oxfF w]/} hfthflt 5g\\ . oxfF /ª\\uLla/ª\\uL r/fr'?ª\\uLx¿sf dL7f uLth:t} w]/} lsl;dsf efiff 5g\\ . cgs] f}F d7, dlGb/, u'Daf, dl:hb / luhf{3/ 5g\\ . oxfF cg]sf}F rf8kj,{ /Lltl/jfh / kr| ngx¿ 5g\\ . cgs] f}F d'xfgaf6 lg:ss] f kljq gbLh:t} oxfF cg]sf}F k/Dk/f / dfGotf 5g\\ . g]kfn ljleGg hfltx¿sf] ;ª\\ud:yn klg xf] . o;nfO{ ljleGg hftsf kmn\" sf] ;f¹f kmn\" af/L klg elgG5 . oxfsF f log} ljljwtfdo ;dfhsf] hudf g]kfnL ;+:s[ltsf] pbo ePsf] 5 . To;}n] gk] fnL ;+:sl[ t gk] fnL ;dfhsf] c;n Jojxf/, dfGotf / efjgfsf] Pp6} :j¿k xf] . o;leq tdfd hfthflt, efiffefifL / wdfj{ nDaLx¿sf] ljrf/ / efjgf ldns] f 5g\\ . s;sf] u?' sf] < s;sf] wd{u|Gy s] < ljj]sfgGb – /fds[i0f k/dx+; lxGb ' – uLtf jb] Jof; – s[i0f O;fO { – afOan s[i0f – ;GbLklg af4} – lqlk6s /fd – jlzi7 ls/ft – d'Gw'd bj] tf – jx[ :klt O:nfd – s/' fg b}To – z'j|mfrfo{ hg} – cud;q\" eLid – k/z'/fd ch'{g – bf| 0] ffrfo{ 54 ;'gufef gk] fnL z[ªv\\ nf sIff &

kf7 % hubLz l3ld/] hLjgL tnsf t:jL/ x]/ clg cfjfh lgsfn]/ k9 M nIdLk;| fb bj] sf]6f g]kfnL efiffsf n]vgfy kf}8\\ofn g]kfnL ;flxTosf dxfslj xg' \\ . sljlz/f]dl0f xg' \\ . g]kfnL ;flxTodf afnsi[ 0f ;dnfO{ dfwj l3ld/] gk] fnsf /fi6«slj xg' \\ . gf6\\o;df| 6sf ¿kdf lrlgG5 . ;'gufef gk] fnL zª[ \\vnf sIff & 55

tnsf kZ| gx¿sf] pQ/ eg M d ;dfh;]jf egs] f] s] xf,] ltdLnfO{ yfxf 5 < d s:tf JolQmnfO{ ljlzi6 JolQm elgG5 < d ;flxTosf/x¿ Oltxf;sf] kfgfdf s;/L cd/ xG' 5g\\ < d cfTdan alnof] xg' ' eg]sf] s] xf] < d ltdLn] hubLz l3ld/s] f] gfd ;'gs] f 5f} < tnsf jfSox¿ cfjfh lgsfn]/ k9 M d ;;+ f/df yf/] } dflg;n] dfq} pNn]vgLo / :d/0fLo sfd ug{ ;S5g\\ . d c;n dflg;sf] hLjgL k9k] l5 w/] } s/' fx¿ l;Sg ;lsG5 . d dfgj;j] fdf sfd ug]{ dflg; k\"hgLo x'G5g\\ . d hubLz l3ld/] gk] fnL ;flxTo / ;dfh;j] fsf If]qdf uf}/jdo gfd xf] . d z/L/ aneGbf cfTdan 7\"nf] x'G5 eGg] s/' fsf pbfx/0f hubLz l3ld/] xg' \\ . d g]kfnsf] gfa] n] k'/:sf/ dflgg] dbg k/' :sf/ k|fKt ug{' uf}/jsf] s/' f xf] . d ‘cGtd{gsf] ofqf’ gfds hubLz l3ld/s] f] s[ltn] dbg k/' :sf/ kf| Kt u/]sf] lyof] . 56 ;g' ufef gk] fnL zª[ v\\ nf sIff &

bz] , ;dfh / dfgj ;db' fosf nflu pNn]vgLo ofu] bfg lbg] JolQmsf] hLjgL tof/ kfl/G5 . hLjgLdf pQm JolQmn] hLjgdf ef]us] f s/' fx¿, l;h{gf u/s] f s[ltx¿ / p;sf] JolQmTjsf] hfgsf/L lbOG5 . c;n JolQmsf] hLjgL k9b\\ f xfdLn] klg cfÇgf] hLjgdf s'g} g s'g} pNnv] gLo sfd ug{] k|/] 0ff kfpg ;S5fF} . ;+;f/df ;kmn ePsf dflg;x¿ cfkm\" s;} g s;a} f6 k]l| /t ePsf] atfpg] u5g{ \\ . To:t} ltdLx¿h:tf ljBfyL{nfO{ hLjgdf /fd|f] sfd u/]/ hLjgnfO{ ;fy{s agfpgsf nflu ;xof]uL l;4 xf];\\ eg/] hubLz l3ld/]sf] hLjgL tof/ kfl/Psf] xf] . hubLz l3ld/] k|l;4 ;flxTosf/ tyf ;dfh;]jL x'g\\ . ljleGg kl| ts\"n kl/l:yltsf afahb' klg pgn] lgs} rlr{t ;flxlTos sl[ tx¿ n]v]sf 5g\\ . ;fy} /f]uL dflg;nfO{ ;]jf ug]{ clek|fon] c:ktfn klg vfn] s] f l3ld/s] f] hLjgL ltdL klg k9 / /fd|f] sfd ug{] k/]| 0ff kf| Kt u/ . dflg; ;a}eGbf w]/} cfkm\" nfO{ dfof u5{ . cfÇgf] hLjg ;v' b xf];,\\ cfÇgf] ufydf cf/fd xf];\\ eGg] s/' fdf ;w}F lrlGtt /xG5 . hLjgsf] Ifl0fstfsf] af/]df dflg;nfO{ yfxf eP klg ha cfÇgf] hLjgn] lj>fd lnbF } 5 eGg] cfef; x'G5 ta wd{sd{df g} afFsL ;donfO{ ;Lldt ug{ rfxG5 . cyft{ \\ b'Mvsi6sf ;fy d[Tos' f] kt| LIff u5{ . sf]xL OR5f nfu]sf] s'/f vfg], dg k/s] f] 7fpF 3D' g,] dg k/]sf dflg;x¿ e]6\\g] h:tf s'/fx¿nfO{ k|fyldstf lbG5g\\ . o:t} ;fdfGo sfox{ ¿ u/]/ d[To' kv{G5g\\ . sfx] L dflg; eg] km/s :jefjsf x'G5g\\ . pgLx¿ cfÇgf] hLjg cflv/L ;dolt/ nDsbF } 5 eGg] a'¹k] l5 yk pT;fx / hf;] sf ;fy ;dfh tyf /fi6s« f nflu dxŒjk\"0f{ sfd u5{g\\ . o:t} cbDo pT;fxsf ;fy /fu] nfO{ sd{n] k5fg]{ ljlzi6 JolQmTj xg' \\ hubLz l3ld/] . g]kfnL ;flxTo / ;dfh;j] fsf] Ifq] df hubLz l3ld/]sf] :yfg ljlzi6 5 . pgL o:tf d\"w{Go JolQmTj xg' \\ h;n] lhGbuL / d[To'sf] bf];fFwdf /xFbf klg pRr dgfe] fjsf ;fy gk] fnL ;flxTosf] lg/Gt/ ;]jf u/] . hubLz l3ld/s] f] hGd lj=;=+ @))@ ;fn rt} @* ut] OGbk| ;| fb l3ld/] tyf kb\\df l3ld/]sf ;flxnF f ;'kq' sf ¿kdf /fd]5fk lhNnfsf] ;b/d'sfd dGynLdf ePsf] lyof] . logL g]kfnL ;flxTodf lgs} rlr{t 5g\\ . logL ;dfh;]jfsf] Ifq] df klg plQs} ljlzi6 JolQmTj x'g\\ . logn] gk] fnaf6 ljBfnoLo hLjg k/\" f u/k] l5 ef/t / a]nfotaf6 pRrlzIff xfl;n u/s] f lyP . l3ld/]n] ;dfhzf:qdf Pd=P / hg;ªV\\ ofdf kf]:6u|fh'P6 u/]sf lyP . zAbf {y lj>fd M cf/fd ug',{ lj>flGt d\"wG{ o M clt>i] 7, ;jf{]Qd k|tLIff M sg' {] sfd, kvfO{ dgfe] fj M dgsf] efj jf ljrf/ kf| yldstf M sg' } sfdnfO{ lbg] klxnf] :yfg ljlzi6 M c¿eGbf ljzi] f lsl;dsf] cbDo M bafpg jf /fS] g g;lsg], v'a alnof] bf;] fwF M bfw] f/, bf]dg ljzi] ftf ePsf] kf]:6u|fhP' 6 M :gftsfQ] / tx ;g' ufef g]kfnL zª[ v\\ nf sIff & 57

l3ld/n] ] @)@) ;fnb]lv ;flxToofqf cf/De u/s] f x'g\\ . logL pkGof;, syf, lgaGw gf6s, sljtf cflb ljwfdf snd rnfpg] ;kmn ;|i6f xg' \\ . hubLz l3ld/]n] cfÇgf] ;flxlTos hLjgsf] cf/De ælnnfdæ pkGof;af6 u/]sf lyP . ;flxTosf ;a}h;f] ljwfdf snd rnfPsf l3ld/s] f ‘hubLzsf syfx¿’ -syf;ª\\u|x_ ;flatL, ;s; -pkGof;_ cGtd{gsf] ofqf -cfTdjQ[ fGt_, ;Gtfg -gf6s_, clUg;\"q -sljtf_ cflb k':tsx¿ w/] } rlr{t 5g\\ . logsf] cGtd{gsf] ofqf k':tsnfO{ dbg k'/:sf/ / pQdzflGt k'/:sf/ kb| fg ul/Psf] lyof] . of] gk] fnL ;flxTodf ;jf{lws rlr{t k':tsx¿df kb{5 . pgsf] hLjgsf] kl5Nnf] ;dodf ks| flzt s[lt æ;s;Æ kf7sx¿af6 w/] } ?rfOPsf] sl[ t xf] . o;df /fhtGqfTds Oltxf;b]lv xfnsf] nf]stflGqs u0ftGq;Ddsf] gk] fndf gk] fnLx¿n] ef]us] f] ;s;nfO{ ptfl/Psf] 5 . lj=;+=@)#! bu' f{ l3ld/];Fu jj} flxs ;DaGw uflF ;Psf logsf Ps 5f]/f / Ps 5f]/L u/L b'O{ ;Gtfg 5g\\ . logL cfÇgL kTgL;uF ldn]/ ;fdflhs ljsf;sf sfo{x¿df ;xefuL x'Gy] . hubLz l3ld/]n] tfdfsf];L ;j] f ;ldltdfkm{t /fd]5fksf lk5l8Psf hgtfx¿sf lglDt u/s] f] cdN\" o of]ubfgaf6 cfkm\" nfO{ c;n ;dfh;j] Lsf] ¿kdf ;dt] kl/lrt u/fPsf 5g\\ . logn] @)#( ;fndf /fd]5fksf] dGynLdf tfdfsf];L ;]jf ;ldlt -tf;;] _ gfds ;:+ yfsf] :yfkgf u/] . o;sf] 7Ls Ps jifk{ l5 @)$) ;fndf cfÇg} 3/sf] l5F8Lsf] sf7] fdf :jf:Yorf}sL :yfkgf u/]sf lyP . kf| /lDes lbgx¿df Pp6f b/fh / To;df /x]sf s]xL kf| ylds pkrf/sf ;fduL| x¿sf] ;~rfng kTgL b'uf{ l3ld/]n] ulyg{ \\ . hubLz l3ld/] kqsf/ tyf /fhgLlts ljZn]ifs klg x'g\\ . Toltv]/ bz] df k~rfotL Joj:yf lyof] . kh| ftGqsf kIfdf cfjfh p7fpg] tyf /fhgLlts bnx¿sf] af/]df ;dfrf/ n]Vg,] /fhgLlts rrf{ ug]{ JolQm /fHosf] gh/df ljbf| x] L xG' Yof] . hubLz l3ld/]sf ;fdflhs ultljlwx¿ klg ;/sf/n] Tolt ?rfPsf] lyPg . ;/sf/n] dGynLnfO{ /fd]5fk lhNnfsf] ;b/ds' fd agfpg] lg0fo{ u¥of] . l3ld/s] f] 3/ dGynLsf] ;a}eGbf /fdf| ] 7fpdF f lyof] . ;/sf/L sfofn{ ox¿ /fVg] ko| f]hgsf nflu logsf] 3/38/] L clwux| 0f eof] . cfÇgf] 3/ clwux| 0f eP/ p7Ljf; ePsf] s'/fdf eGbf 3/sf] l5F8Ldf /x]sf] tf;];sf] sfofn{ o / :jf:Yorf}sLsf] ;dt] larNnL ePsfdf logL w]/} b'MvL ePsf lyP . zAbf {y ;i| 6f M ;l[ i6 jf /rgf ug{,] /rlotf, lgdf{tf ljZni] fs M ljZni] f0f ug]{ jf 56' o\\ fpg] sfd cfTdj[QfGt M cfÇgf] hLjgsf] ef]ufOsf] af/]df clwux| 0f M s;}sf] hUufsf] Ifltk\"lt{ lbO{ nl] vPsf] syf, cfTdsyf ;fjh{ lgs sfdsf nflu ;/sf/n] ;jf{lws M ;ae} Gbf w/] } lng] sfd 58 ;'gufef gk] fnL z[ªv\\ nf sIff &

@)$^ df bz] df /fhgLlts kl/jtg{ eP/ k~rfotL Joj:yfsf] cGTo eO{ ax'bnLo k|hftGqsf] kg' a{xfnL ePkl5 dGynL uflj;n] vfFbaf/Lsf] vl' /{v08 kfvfsf] 5 /fk] gL eL/ tfdfsf];L ;j] f ;ldltnfO{ bfg u¥of] . dGynL uflj; kl5 gu/ ljsf; ePkl5 tf;];n] l;Q}df kfPsf] eL/nfO{ k;} f xfn/] lsGgk' ¥of] . ;dfhsf nflu sx] L ug{] logsf] c7f6] df ljsf;k|]dL sf]xL dflg;x¿sf] ;/;xof]un] pmhf{ yKof] . :jf:Yorfs} L tyf tf;];sf] sfof{nosf nflu s]xL k};f hf/] hfd u/L ;fgf] ¹'kf| ] agfpg] sfd eof] . ToxfF tLgsf]7] 6x/f] agfO{ :jf:Yorfs} L, sfof{no / kfx'gfsf7] fsf] lgdf0{ f ul/of] . hubLz l3ld/s] f] JolQmut ko| f;af6 :yfkgf ePsf] :jf:Yo rfs} L la:tf/} c:ktfndf kl/0ft eof] . hubLz l3ld/s] f] 3/sf] Pp6f sf7] f clg ToxfFsf] Pp6f b/fhaf6 ;'? ePsf] :jf:Yorfs} L clxn] /fd5] fkdf lhNnf:t/Lo cfwl' gs ;]jfx¿ ePsf] Ps dfq / lhNnfsf] ;jfT{] si[ 6 ætfdfsf];L ;xsf/L c:ktfnÆ ePsf] 5 . a;{]lg xhf/fF} /f]uLnfO{ ;j] f kb| fg ul//x]sf] of] c:ktfn tf;;] / dGynL art ;:+ yf ldn/] ;~rfng ul//x]sf 5g\\ . o; c:ktfndf a;l{] g cgs] :jf:Yo lzlj/x¿ ;~rfng xG' 5g\\ . /fd5] fk tyf cf;kf;sf lhNnfsf hgtfx¿ o;af6 w]/} nfeflGjt ePsf 5g\\ . /fli6o« tyf cGt/fl{ i6o« u/} ;/sf/L ;:+ yfx¿df logsf] nfdf] ;+nUgtf /Åof] . h;dfkm{t logn] /fd5] fk lhNnfsf] ;fd'bflos ljsf;df 7\"nf] ;xof]u k¥' ofP . ;flxlTos / ;fdflhs sfo{df ;n+ Ug xg' ] jm| ddf pgn] gk] fn, ef/t, kfls:tfg, >Lnªs\\ f, sG] of, a]nfot, l;ªu\\ fk/' , km| fG;, o'uf]:nfleof, yfONofG8 h:tf yk' |} bz] sf] ed| 0f u/] . ljsf;lgdf{0f / ;fdflhs pTyfgsf] sfo{ ubf{ pgn] w]/} afwflj/f]wx¿sf] ;fdgf klg ugk'{ ¥of] . t/ klg logL lg/Gt/ ¿kdf ;dfh ¿kfGt/0fsf] sfddf nflu/x] . hubLz l3ld/]df lglxt ;+j]bgzLntfn] lognfO{ Ps dflds{ ;flxTo ;hs{ dfq agfPg, Ps ;XboL ljsf; cleoGtf klg agfof] . ;fdflhs sfod{ f l3ld/n] fO{ kTgL bu' f{n] klg plQs} ;fy lbOg\\ . a]lrPsf g]kfnL r]nLx¿sf] p4f/df ljm| ofzLn b'uf{ hubLzsf x/s] sfo{x¿df k|ToIf ;xefuL x'lGyg\\ . ¹G8} Ps bh{g hlt ;flxlTos s[ltsf ;|i6f hubLz l3ld/]sf] hLjg ef]ufO cToGt ;ª\\3if{k0\" f{ lyof] . oxL ;ª\\3if{af6 pTsi[ 6 sl[ tx¿ hlGdPsf xg' \\ . hLjgsf] pQ/fw{df logL dlN6kn dfOnfd] f h:tf] 3fts SofG;/n] u|:t eP . SofG;/ h:tf] kf| 0f3fts /fu] nfu]sf] yfxf kfPkl5 klg logL xtf; ePgg\\ . lj/Qm tyf pbf; ePgg\\ . logL lg/Gt/ ;flxTo / ;dfh;j] fsf] If]qdf ljm| ofzLn eO/x] . logsf] cGtd{gsf] ofqf k':ts SofG;/n] ;tfPkl5 g} nl] vPsf] xf] . /fu] n] TolQs} dflg;nfO{ dfbg}{ , dflg;nfO{ p;sf] sdhf/] dgfa] nn] df5{ . sdhf]/ dgfa] n ePsfx¿ ;fdfGo /f]u klg krfpg zAbf {y k'ga{xfnL M kml] / :yfkgf ug{] sfd ;j+ ]bgzLntf M dflg;sf] dgdf xg' ] ;jf]T{ si[ 6 M ;ae} Gbf pQd, pTs[i6 dflds{ cge' l\" t ;+nUgtf M ;xeflutf pTyfg M ljsf;, pGglt ;XboL M cfTdLo, xb[ obl] v g} cfÇgf] ¿kfGt/0f M kl/jt{g 7flgPsf] pQ/fw{ M kl5Nnf] cfwf ;do dgfa] n M cfTdljZjf; ;g' ufef gk] fnL zª[ v\\ nf sIff & 59

;Sbg} g\\ eg] pRr dgf]an ePsfx¿ hubLz l3ld/]h:t} k|f0f3fts /f]unfO{ klg ;fdfGo ¿kdf lnG5g\\ . pgLx¿ cfÇgf] p2]Zodf k|lta4 /xG5g\\ . ltnuª\\uf cfvF f c:ktfnsf ;:+ yfks cWoIf hubLz l3ld/] kl/jf/ lgof]hg ;ª3\\ sf k|d'v sfo{sf/L clws[t ePsf lyP . u/} ;/sf/L ;:+ yf dxf;ª\\3sf] :yfkgf u/]/ gk] fndf u/} ;/sf/L ;+:yfx¿sf] g]t[Tj ug]{ l3ld/] ;flxTosf/ dfq lyPgg,\\ s'zn ;fdflhs sfo{stf{ klg lyP . To;n} ] ltnuªu\\ f cfvF f c:ktfn lognfO{ axc' foflds JolQmTjsf ¿kdf lrlgG5 . ljsf;sf nflu ;/sf/sf] d'v dfq tfSg] xfO] g x/]s gful/sn] cfÇgf] st{Jo ;D¹g] xf] eg] ljsf; c;Dej 5}g eGg] s'/fsf] k/]| 0ff logsf] hLjgLaf6 kfOG5 . ;flxTo / ;dfh;j] fsf] Ifq] df ;dlkt{ xFb' fxbF' } logsf] ^* jifs{ f] pd]/df @)&) sflt{s !$ ut] sf7df8fs}F f] cf]d c:ktfndf lgwg eof] . elgG5, x/s] dflg;;Fu Pp6f kl| tef x'G5 . To;nfO{ lrGg ;Sg'k5{ . h;n] lrGg] k|oTg u5{ p;n} ] hLjg afFR5 . cfÇgf] cufl8 cfOk/]sf cg]s afwfx¿ l5rf]Nb} cl3 a9g\\ ;Sg] dflg; g} hLjgdf ;kmn x'G5 . hLjgdf ;'vbM' v cfO/xG5g\\ . bM' vsf] If0fnfO{ c¹ pT;fxsf ;fy lhpg] dflg; ljhoL xG' 5 . cgs] 7Ss/ vfP/ g} gbLsf] 9'ª\\uf uf]nf] aG5 . hlt vf¥of] ;'g Tolt z4' x'G5 . hLjgdf cfOkg{] o:t} ljifd kl/l:yltx¿sf aLraf6 g} uxg ljrf/x¿ hGdG5g\\ . hubLz l3ld/] klg To:t} uxg cleJolQmx¿sf ;i| 6f x'g\\ hf] g]kfnL kf7sx¿df¹ o'ufF;} Dd aflF r/xg] 5g\\ . zAbf {y kf| 0f3fts M k|f0f lng] cleJolQm M egfO kl| ta4 M c7f]6 ljifd M cK7o\\ f/f] axc' foflds M ax'dv' L 60 ;'gufef g]kfnL zª[ \\vnf sIff &

!= tnsf zAbx¿ ;kmf cIf/df cfÇgf] sfkLdf tLgtLg k6s ;f/ M kf]:6u|fh'P6, cfTdjQ[ fGt, ljZn]ifs, ;jfT]{ si[ 6, clwux| 0f, kg' ax{ fnL @= tnsf zAbx¿sf] cy{ n]v M lj>fd, bf];fwF , dgf]efj, ;i| 6f, ;jf{lws, l58F L, ;+nUgtf, ¿kfGt/0f #= jfSodf k|ofu] u/ M k|tLIff, ;XboL, cbDo, d\"wG{ o, ljlzi6, pTyfg $= s_ tnsf] jfSonfO{ z'4 kf/]/ ;f/ M jl] rPsf gk] fnL r]lnx¿sf] p4f/df ljm| ofzLn b'uf{ hubLzsf x/s] sfo{x¿df k|ToI] f ;xefuL xG' yLg\\ . v_ tnsf dWo] z4' zAbdf /]hf -µ_ nufpm M != c_ kg' a{xfnL cf_ kg' j{ xfnL O_ kg' MaxfnL O_{ kg\" a{xfnL @= c_ ljZn;] s cf_ ljZn]ifs O_ ljZni] fs\\ O{_ laZni] fs #= c_ lj|mofzLn cf_ lj|mof;Ln O_ ljm| oflzn O{_ lsl/ofzLn $= c_ ;ª\\3ifk{ /' g cf_ ;3+ ifk{ \"0f{ O_ ;ª\\3ifk{ '0f{ O_{ ;ª3\\ ifk{ 0\" f{ %= tnsf zAbnfO{ ljk/LtfyL{ zAb;uF hf8] f ldnfpm M hGd k|frLg ljlzi6 cz'4 pRr dT[ o' kTgL ktg cfw'lgs lgDg pTyfg ckT| oIf k|ToIf klt z'4 ;fdfGo ;'gufef gk] fnL z[ª\\vnf sIff & 61

^= tnsf zAb / cys{ f aLrdf hf]8f ldnfpm M pQ/fw{ axd' v' L dgf]an kf| 0f lng] k|f0f3fts cK7o\\ f/f] kl| ta4 kl5Nnf] cfwf ;do ax'cfoflds c7f6] cleJolQm cfTdljZjf; ljifd egfO &= tn lbOPsf] kf7sf] cg'R5]b k9 / lbOPsf kZ| gsf] pQ/ nv] M /fli6o« tyf cGt/f{li6o« u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx¿df logsf] nfdf] ;n+ Ugtf /Åof] . h;dfkmt{ logn] /fd5] fk lhNnfsf] ;fd'bflos ljsf;df 7n\" f] ;xofu] k¥' ofP . ;flxlTos / ;fdflhs sfo{df ;+nUg xg' ] jm| ddf pgn] g]kfn, ef/t, kfls:tfg, >Lnª\\sf, sG] of, a]nfot, l;ªu\\ fk/' , k|mfG;, ou' f]:nfleof, yfONofG8 h:tf yk' |} b]zsf] e|d0f u/] . ljsf;lgdf0{ f / ;fdflhs pTyfgsf] sfo{ ubf{ pgn] w/] } afwflj/f]wx¿sf] ;fdgf klg ug'k{ ¥of] . t/ klg logL lg/Gt/ ¿kdf ;dfh ¿kfGt/0fsf] sfddf nflu/x] . hubLz l3ld/d] f lglxt ;+jb] gzLntfn] lognfO{ Ps dflds{ ;flxTo ;h{s dfq agfPg, Ps ;XboL ljsf; cleoGtf klg agfof] . ;fdflhs sfo{df l3ld/]nfO{ kTgL b'uf{n] klg plQs} ;fy lbOg\\ . al] rPsf g]kfnL r]nLx¿sf] p4f/df ljm| ofzLn bu' f{ hubLzsf x/]s sfox{ ¿df k|ToIf ;xefuL x'lGyg\\ . s= dflysf] cgR' 5]baf6 rf/ j6f Os k|Too nfu/] ags] f zAb l6k M ======================, ======================, ======================, ====================== v= dflysf] cgR' 5b] af6 rf/ j6f lz/laGb' - + _ nfu]sf zAb l6k M ======================, ======================, ======================, ====================== *= hubLz l3ld/;] uF ;DalGwt tnsf 36gf / ldltsf aLrdf hf]8f ldnfpm M 36gf ldlt hubLz l3ld/]sf] hGd M lj=;+=@)&) ;flxToofqf cf/De M lj=;+=@)#! bu' f{ l3ld/];uF j}jflxs ;DaGw M lj=;=+ @)@) -tf;];_ gfds ;:+ yfsf] :yfkgf lj=;+= @))@ :jf:Yorf}sL :yfkgf lj=;=+ @)#( sf7df8f}Fsf] cf]d c:ktfndf lgwg lj=;+=@)$) 62 ;g' ufef gk] fnL z[ªv\\ nf sIff &

k9fO÷nv] fO ;Lk != tnsf kZ| gx¿sf] PsPs jfSodf pQ/ nv] M s_ dflg; s] s'/fdf lrlGtt /xG5 < v_ hubLz l3ld/]sf] hGd sxfF ePsf] xf] < u_ hubLz l3ld/n] ] ;flxTosf s'gs'g ljwfdf snd rnfPsf 5g\\< 3_ hubLz l3ld/]n] :yfkgf u/]sf] :jf:Yorf}sL clxn] sg' c:ktfn ags] f] 5 < ª_ hubLz l3ld/n] fO{ dbg k/' :sf/ lbnfpg ;kmn s[ltsf] gfd s] xf] < @= tnsf jfSox¿ 7Ls jf a]7Ls s] x'g,\\ lrg/] nv] M s_ hubLz l3ld/] ;flxTosf/ / ;dfh;j] L klg xg' \\ . v_ hubLzsL kTgLn] pgnfO{ w]/} ;xof]u u/s] L lyOg\\ . u_ l3ld/s] f] ;s; sl[ tn] dbg k'/:sf/ kfPsf] lyof] . 3_ l3ld/s] f] dgf]annfO{ SofG;/ /fu] n] ;dfKt kf¥of] . ª_ l3ld/] ljlzi6 8fS6/ lyP . #= ldNg] zAb 5fg]/ vfnL 7fpF e/ M s_ l3ld/]n] ================== kf]:6u|fhP' 6 u/s] f lyP . -;dfhzf:qdf, hg;ª\\Vofdf_ v_ logsf ================== ;Gtfg 5g\\ . -bO' {,tLg_ u_ l3ld/]sf] 3/ dGynLsf] ;a}eGbf ================== 7fpdF f lyof] . -g/fdf| ],/fd|f_] 3_ ================== k:' ts SofG;/n] ;tfPkl5 g} nl] vPsf] xf] . -cGtd{gsf] ofqf, ;s;_ ª_ ;'gnfO{ ================== hlt vf¥of] Tolt xG' 5 . -cz4' , z4' _ $= tnsf k|Zgx¿sf] Ps zAbdf pQ/ b]pm M s_ hubLz l3ld/n] ] s'g ljwfaf6 ;flxTo ofqf ;'? u/s] f lyP < v_ @)$^ ;fndf sg' Joj:yfsf] cGTo ePsf] lyof] < u_ ;fdflhs ljsf;df nfUbf pgn] s] s/' fsf] ;fdgf ug{'k¥of] < 3_ hubLznfO{ sg' /fu] nfu]sf] lyof] < ª_ s] vfP/ gbLsf] 9'ª\\uf] ufn] f] aG5 < ;g' ufef g]kfnL z[ªv\\ nf sIff & 63

%= efj lj:tf/ u/ M s_ hubLz l3ld/s] f ;fdflhs ultljlw klg ;/sf/n] Tolt ?rfPsf] lyPg . v_ x/s] dflg;;Fu Pp6f k|ltef xG' 5 . To;nfO{ lrGg ;Sg'k5{ . ^= tnsf k|Zgsf] pQ/ bp] m M s_ hubLz l3ld/]n] g]kfnL ;flxTosf] Ifq] df s]s:tf] ofu] bfg lbPsf 5g\\ < v_ hg:jf:Yosf] If]qdf hubLz l3ld/]n] s] sfd u/] < u_ pgn] s'gsg' If]qdf ss] ] sfd u/] < 3_ l3ld/]n] s'gsg' bz] sf] ed| 0f u/]sf lyP < ª_ hubLz l3ld/] Ps k/|] 0ffbfoL JolQm xg' \\ eGg] s/' fnfO{ s;/L k'li6 ug{ ;lsG5 < &= hubLz l3ld/]n] g]kfnL ;flxTo / ;dfh;j] fsf] If]qdf lbPsf] of]ubfgsf] rrf{ u/ . tnsf] kf7 Wofg lbP/ k9 M eujfg\\ uft} d a'4 af}4 wd{sf k0| ft] f x'g\\ . logsf] Gjf/gsf] gfd l;4fy{ uf}td lyof] . logsf] hGd cfheGbf nueu @%)) jif{cufl8 j}zfv zS' n k\"l0fd{ fsf lbg ?kGbx] L lhNnfsf] nl' DagL eGg] 7fpdF f ePsf] lyof] . l;4fys{ f lktf z4' f]wg tTsfnLg ltnf}/fsf]6 /fHodf zfSo jz+ sf /fhf lyP . logsL cfdfsf] gfd dfofbj] L lyof] . elgG5, /fgL dfofb]jL cfÇgf] dfOt b]jbx hfg] j|mddf af6fd] f kg{] ki' sl/0fL tnfpsf] lsgf/df Pp6f ¿vsf] kmb] df l;4fy{sf] hGd ePsf] lyof] . l;4fy{n] @( jif{;Dd lktfåf/f k|bQ /fh;L ;v' df lbg latfP . t/ klg pgL ;bf ;;+ f/df JofKt bM' vsf] sf/0f / To;sf] lgjf/0f s] xf]nf egL lrlGtt /xGy] . oxL b'Mv lgjf/0fsf] ;Todfu{ kQf nufpg] p2]Zon] ux[ Tofu u/L ef/tsf ljleGg 7fpFdf l;4fy{ si6bfos tk:of ub{} lxF8] . cGtdf afw] uof eGg] 7fpFdf Ps j[Ifsf] dl' g Wofg ubfu{ b}{ pgnfO{ ;Dos ;Daf]wL k|fKt eof] To;kl5 pgL a'4 sxnfOPsf lyP . $% jif{;Dd pgL ljleGg 7fpF ku' L b'Mv lgjf/0f;DaGwL cfk\"mnfO{ k|fKt dxf1fg afF8g\\ lbg/ft nfluk/] . pgsf cg'ofoLx¿ w]/} eP . clxn] klg pgsf] cg';/0fdf lxF8g\\ ] dflg;x¿ s/f8] f}F 5g\\ . ltgLx¿nfO{ a4' wdfj{ nDaL elgG5 . s= tnsf zAbx¿ tLgtLg k6s nv] M a'4, af}4, l;4fy{, z4' fw] g, si6bfos, k'isl/0fL, j[If, ;Daf]wL, wdf{jnDaL v= 7Ls egfOdf /]hf -µ_ nufpm M c= l;4fy{sf] Gjf/gsf] gfd uf}td a4' xf] . 64 ;'gufef g]kfnL zª[ \\vnf sIff &

cf= l;4fys{ f lktf ltnf/} fsf]6sf /fhf lyP . O= l;4fy{n] afNosfndf g} 3/ 5f8]sf lyP . O={ l;4fyn{ ] ef/tsf] xl/åf/df 1fg k|fKt u/] . p= ;;+ f/df a'4 wdf{jnDaLx¿sf] ;ª\\Vof lgs} w]/} 5 . u= tnsf kZ| gx¿sf] pQ/ b]pm M != l;4fy{sf] hGd slxn] / sxfF ePsf] lyof] < @= l;4fy{sf afaf / cfdfsf] gfd s] lyof] < #= l;4fyn{ ] lsg /fHo Tofu]/ lxF8]sf lyP < $= l;4fyn{ ] 3/ 5f]8]kl5 s]s] u/] < %= l;4fy{sf] gfd lsg uft} d a4' /xg uof] < ;'gfO ;Lk -k[i7 @!( df lbOPsf] cg'R5]b_ lzIfsaf6 jf l;8Laf6 ;'g / tnsf sfox{ ¿ u/ M != tnsf k|Zgx¿sf] PsPs jfSodf pQ/ n]v M s= slt jif{bl] v slt jif{;Ddsf dflg;n] /Qmbfg ug{ ;S5g\\ < v= /Qmbfg ug]{ dflg;sf] tfn} sd;s] d slt x'gk' 5{ < u= Ps hgf dflg;n] Psk6sdf slt /utbfg ug{ ;S5 < 3= xfdLn] lbPsf] /ut slt 306fdf k\"lt{ xG' 5 < ª= gk] fndf ;ae} Gbf klxn] slxn] / sxfF /Qmbfg ;j] f ;'? ePsf] lyof] < r= gk] fndf ;ae} Gbf a9L /Qmbfg ug{] JolQm sf] x'g\\ < @= sf]i7saf6 vfnL 7fpFdf 7Ls zAb e/ M s_ /Qmbfg ubf{ s'g} ======================= xFb' }g . -gfS] ;fgL, kmfObf_ ;'gufef g]kfnL zª[ \\vnf sIff & 65

v_ Pr=cfO{=eL, xk] f6fOl6; aL h:tf /f]ux¿ nfus] f] JolQmn] /Qmbfg =================== . -ug{'k5,{ ug'x{ F'b}g_ u_ kT| o]s :j:y JolQmn] ======================= PskN6 /Qmbfg ug{ ;lsG5 . -$ dlxgfdf, # dlxgfdf_ 3_ gk] fndf klxnf] /Qmbfg ug]{ JolQm ======================= xg' \\ . -bofjL/ l;x+ s;+ fsf/, k|d] ;fu/ sdf{rfo_{ ª_ sg' } klg ======================= JolQmn] /Qmbfg ug{ ;S5 . -:j:y, c:j:y_ r_ /Qmbfg u/]kl5 ======================= /ut aG5 / JolQm :j:y x'G5 . -gof,F k/' fgf_] Jofs/0f ;Lk ;o+ f]hs M b'O{ jf ;fe] Gbf a9L zAb tyf pkjfSox¿nfO{ hf]8g\\ ] cJoonfO{ ;o+ f]hs elgG5 . hf,] hg' , h;n,] ha, h,] hxf“, /, jf, klg, lsgls, lsgeg], To;n} ], t/, clg, klg, gq, t/ cflb zAbx¿ ;o+ fh] s xg' \\ . lj:doflbafw] s M dfG5s] f dgdf x'g] xif,{ cfZro,{ kz| ;+ f, 3[0ff, zf]s cflb dfgjLo dgdf pTkGg efjnfO{ a'¹fpg cfpg] zAb lj:doflbafw] s xg' \\ . lar/f, Sofjft\\, wGojfb, cfDd,} 5o\\ f, c/], lwSsf/, wGo, n, nf}, Hof, P, cF, cf,] x], ho, xfo, x/] cflb lj:doflbaf]ws zAb x'g\\ . lgkft M :jtGq ¿kdf cfp“bf cy{ lbg g;Sg] t/ jfSodf k|of]u ePkl5 ;xdlt, :jLsl[ t, cgg' o, lgZro cflb efj a¹' fpg] zAbnfO{ lgkft elgG5 . nf,} v}, P, kf,] lg, t, cx,“ gfO“, Sof/], c/,] /] cflb lgkft xg' \\ . != tnsf ;o+ fh] snfO{ jfSodf ko| f]u u/ M hf,] h;n], h,] hxf“, jf, klg, lsgeg], To;n} ,] klg @= tnsf lj:doflbafw] snfO{ jfSodf ko| fu] u/ M lar/f, cfDd,} c/], lwSsf/, wGo, cF, cf,] x], xfo #= tnsf lgkftnfO{ jfSodf k|of]u u/ M nf,} v,} P, kf], lg, t, cx“, gfO“, Sof/], c/,] /] 66 ;'gufef gk] fnL zª[ \\vnf sIff &

$= tnsf] cg'R5b] af6 ;+ofh] s, lj:doflbaf]ws / lgkft zAb l6k/] 5'§f5§' } tflnsfdf n]v M nf} g lg ¤ d}n] t gk] fnL ljifosf] ux[ sfo{ ug{ la;{]5' lg eGb} pHHjnn] yfKnf] 7fS] of] clg a]Grdf 3fl] K6of] . cfxf ¤ cfh o;n] lg u'?sf] ¹6f/f] rfVg] eof] eGb} ;fsf/n] pHHjnnfO{ s6fIf u¥of] . t}Fn] klg t slxn]sfxLF ug{ la;{G5;\\ lg . d}n] t cfh kf] la;s{] f] c¿ lbg slxNo} la;]s{ f] lyOgF Sof/] eGb} pHHjnn] ;fsf/nfO{ ss{] cfFvfn] x]¥of] . ‘x/] lzj ¤ ltdLx¿ ;fyL;fyL eP/ klg lsg Pscsf{nfO{ Joª\\Uo u/]sf 5f} clg ¹u8f u/]sf 5f} xf] <’ k5fl8af6 lg?tfn] ;fw] L . cF x/] g lg?tf 5o\\ f ¤ of] ;fsf/nfO{ t d ;fyL klg s;/L eg\"F . o:tf] ;d:of kbf{ klg dnfO{ pN6} kL8f lbg], v} o;sf] afgL t dnfO{ k6Ss} dg kb}g{ / of];uF Pp6} a]Grdf a:g klg dg nfUb}g . lar/f ¤ pHHjnnfO{ s:tf] cfkt\\ k/]5 x} . pHHjn ltdL g8/fpm lsgeg] cfh gk] fnL lzIfs g} cg'kl:yt xg' x' 'G5 t/ ef]ln rflxF ltdLn] gla;{/] ux[ sfo{ u/]/ cfpm x} . l;hg{ fTds ;Lk != tn lbOPsf] hfgsf/Lsf] cfwf/df Pp6f hLjgL nv] M gfd M uf]kfnk;| fb l/dfn hGd:yfg M nug6f]n, sf7df8f“} hGdldlt M lj=;+= !(&% h]7 !* lktf M pdfsfGt l/dfn dftf M cflbTos'df/L l/dfn lzIff M lj;+ !((@ df k|yd >0] fLdf k|yd eO{ P;Pn;L pQL0f{ u/s] f, pRr lzIfftkm{ cfOP{ ;Ddsf] cWoog u/]sf . ofu] bfg M h4' f]bo klAns :s'nsf ;+:yfks, lj=;+=+ !((& df albo{ f cldgLdf nK6g, oj' f cj:yfdf g} ;fdflhs, /fhgLlts / ;flxlTos sfod{ f ;+nUg, /f0ffzf;glj/f]wL cfGbf]ngdf ;lj|mo eO{ h]n;dt] k/]sf, lj=;+= !((@ sf] ‘k|lt’ zLifs{ sf] sljtfaf6 ;flxToofqf k|f/De u/]sf, lj=;=+ @))) df efiffg'jfb kl/ifb\\sf nv] ssf ¿kdf sfo{ u/]sf / @))# df zf/bf klqsfsf ;Dkfbs ag]sf ;'gufef gk] fnL zª[ v\\ nf sIff & 67

s[lt M ‘d;fg’ / ‘of] kd|] ’ -gf6s_, ‘cfdfsf] ;kgf’ -sljtf;ª\\ux| _ ljz]iftf M uB sljtfsf k|yd ko| f]Qmf, gf/Lkl| t ljzi] f ;Ddfg / /fli6o« rt] gf ePsf slj ;Ddfg M dbg k/' :sf/ / lqe'jg k/' :sf/åf/f ;Ddflgt bx] fj;fg M lj=;+= @)#) sf7df8f“} . @= ltdLn] lrg]sf] sg' } Ps rlrt{ JolQmsf] af/]df Pp6f cgR' 5b] nv] . xfn;Dd :yflkt g]kfnsf ljZjljBfnox¿ M ljZjljBfno :yfkgf dV' o sfof{no sLlt{k'/, sf7df8fF} lqej' g ljZjljBfno @)!^ an] ¹G' 8L, bfª wl' nv]n, sfe]| g]kfn ;:+ st[ ljZjljBfno @)$# lj/f6gu/, df/] ª kf]v/f, sf:sL sf7df8f}F ljZjljBfno @)$* n'lDagL, ?kGb]xL /fdk/' , lrtjg k\"jf~{ rn ljZjljBfno @)%! jL/]Gb|gu/, ;v' ]{t dxG] bg| u/, s~rgk/' kf]v/f ljZjljBfno @)%$ n'lDagL af4} ljZjljBfno @)^@ s[lif tyf jg lj1fg ljZjljBfno @)^& dWoklZrdf~rn ljZjljBfno @)^& ;'b/\" klZrdf~rn ljZjljBfno @)^& 68 ;g' ufef g]kfnL z[ªv\\ nf sIff &

kf7 ^ l/; sljtf – rj|mkfl0f rfln;] tnsf jfSox¿ cfjfh lgsfn]/ ;a}n] k9 M efO t l/;fP/ kf] a;s] f] /x]5 . wt\\ ¤ ljgfsf/0f l/;fpgx' G' 5 t < cfxf ¤ alxgL slt zfGt :jefjsL l5g\\ . nf} g lg ¤ logLx¿ t hW' g kf] yfn]5g\\ . ;g' ufef g]kfnL z[ª\\vnf sIff & 69

tnsf k|Zgx¿sf] pQ/ eg M d ltdLnfO{ l/; p7\\5< d l/;fpg' /fdf| ] s/' f xf] t < d l/;n] ss] :tf] xflg u5{ < d l/;fpg] dflg;nfO{ lsg s;n} ] klg bV] g ?rfpFb}gg\\ < d l/; p7\\of] eg] s] ug{'k5{ < tnsf jfSox¿ cfjfh lgsfn/] k9 M d wQ]l/sf ¤ ;fyL lsg grflxg] s'/fdf klg l/;fPsf] xf]nf . d l/;fxfn] c¿nfO{ klg l/;fxf 7fGb5 . d l/;fxf dflg;sf] ;ªu\\ t ug{ sfx] L klg rfxFbg} g\\ . d l/;fxf dflg; cgfjZos ¹u8f ug{ cufl8 ;b5{ . d l/;sf] j]unfO{ /fS] g Tolt ;lhnf] xb'F }g . d l/;nfO{ /fS] g] dflg;n] ;a}af6 dfg;Ddfg kfpF5 . d l/;fO/xg] dflg; ;dfh / kl/jf/sf] snªs\\ xf] . 70 ;'gufef g]kfnL zª[ \\vnf sIff &

l/; sljtfsf /rgfsf/ kl| ;4 slj rqmkfl0f rfln;] x'g\\ . slj rfln;]n] ltdLx¿h:t} afnaflnsfsf nflu sljtfx¿ n]v]sf 5g\\ . pgsf sljtfx¿ lgs} rlr{t 5g\\ . gLltrt] gfsf dfWodaf6 ;dfh;w' f/ ug]{ vfnsf pgsf s[ltx¿ ks| flzt 5g\\ . l/; sljtf pkbz] dn\" s sljtf xf] . o; sljtfn] dflg; ;xgzLn xg' k' g]{ / l/;fxf x'g gx'g] s/' fdf hf]8 lbPsf] 5 . dflg; ljleGg :jefjsf x'g] ub5{ g\\ . sf]xL ldng;f/ x'G5g\\ eg] sf]xL l/;fxf x'G5g\\ . l/; dflg;sf] dgdf pTkGg x'g] Ps ks| f/sf] v/fa rLh xf] . dflg;nfO{ c¿ dflg;sf] sg' } Jojxf/ lrQ ga'ˆbf jf cGo ljleGg sf/0fn] l/; p7g\\ ] ub5{ . dgdf p7\\g] l/;nfO{ dflg;n] lgoGq0f ug{ ;Sgk' 5{ . l/;n] slxNo} s;s} f] enf] ub}{g . l/; ;as} f] zq' xf] eGg] s'/fnfO{ o; sljtfdf b;f{OPsf] 5 . ltdL klg tnsf] sljtf k9 / yk s/' f yfxf kfO/fv . l/; xf] ;asf] zq' l/;n} ] ;a gfl;g] l/;}n] p7\\5 ¹u8f l/;n} ] ;a efl;g] . l/;fxfbl] v ;asf] snh] f hlncfp5F l/;fxf;Fusf] ;ª\\u ug{ nfs] 8/fpF5 . l/;fxfn] ;a}nfO{ l/;fx} elg7fGb5 To;n} ] ;asf ;fy Tof] l/;} ug{ yfNb5 . l/;fxfsf] sg' } ldq /xFb}g hut\\e/ l/;fxf;uF sf] bf]:tL x'G5 Tof] 8/sf] 3/ . l/;sf] jzdf kbf{ s}ofFs} f] wg;DklQ p8]sf] bV] t5fF} xfdL 3D' b} 5g\\ tL otfplt . hlt l/; u¥of] plQ a9L cfpF5 Tof] clt lau|Fb} hfG5 To;n] ;bf dflg;sf] dlt . cflv/ l/;sf] j]u yfld;Sg' ge}sg l/;fxfnfO ;xh} yfN5 leq} hnfpg . tfQ5g\\ slG;/L cfvF f u'nfaL /ªu\\ l56\\t5g\\ cfvF Lef}F e/} jL gfr lgsfN5g\\, bfFt aHb5g\\ . ;'gufef g]kfnL zª[ \\vnf sIff & 71

dv' df uflnufK] tfsf] wf/f lgw{Ss 56' t\\ 5 zAbf {y l/;fxf M l/;fpg] :jefjsf] ;f;sf] pn{+bf] j]u vnfFtL;l/ kmS' t5 . hute\\ / M ;+;f/e/ bV] g';G' g' st} sx] L /xbF g} guLrdf nf]s M ljZj, ;;+ f/ tf/] Lsf k\"mn ¹Ns]sf] cWF of/f] gfR5 gq] df . ;ª\\u M ;ª\\ut bf]:tL M ldqtf ls tf dn] ls tf ¹]n ls tf ;j:{ j ;Dklt jz M lgoGq0f :jfxf eO{ l/;fxfsf,] cGTodf x'G5 b'ul{ t . slG;/L tfTg' M l/;fpg' t:dft\\ gug{' slxNo} l/; dflg;n] s;} e}/jL gfr M l/;fP/ gflrg] gfr IfdfzLn ag] ldN5 ;v' zflGt htftt} . vnfFtL M cf/gdf w'jfF lbg] ;fwg uflnufK] tf M ufnL x'g tf l/;sf] j]u /f]Sg dl' :sn kb5{ guLr M glhs gp7\\g] l/; sf] xfn] f < kf| 0fL dfq l/;fp5F . g]q M cfFvf tyflk l/;sf] j]u p7d] f wo} { nLsg b'ul{ t M g/fd|f] ult otfplt ljrf/]/ r'k e} a; So} If0f . IfdfzLn M Ifdf ug]{ vfnsf] wo} { M wL/tf, ;xg] u'0f cyjf c? g} s]xL s/' fdf nfpg\" dg tTIf0f M tTsfn, t?' Gt} cfkmF} sd xbF' } hfG5 l/;sf] j]u tTIf0f . t:dft\\ M To;sf/0f, To;}n] != tnsf zAbx¿ ;kmf cIf/df cfÇgf] sfkLdf tLgtLg k6s ;f/ M zq,' ;DklQ, cfvF Lef,F} uflnuf]Ktf, cGTo, k|f0fL, w}o{ @= tnsf zAbx¿sf] cy{ n]v M guLr, hut\\e/, jz+ , slG;/L tfTg,' t:dft\\ #= jfSodf k|of]u u/ M slxNo,} wg, cfkm,}F l/;fxf, lgw{Ss 72 ;'gufef g]kfnL zª[ \\vnf sIff &

$= s_ tnsf dWo] z'4 zAbdf /]hf -µ_ nufpm M != c_ wg;DkQL cf_ wg;\\ DklQ O_ wgzDklQ O_{ wg;DklQ @= c_ cfvF Lef} F cf_ cfvF Lef} O_ cflF vef}F O{_ cfvLef} #= c_ Ifdf;Ln cf_ IfdfzLn O_ Ifdflzn O_{ 5]dfzLn $= c_ ;j{:j cf_ ;j{Zj O_ ;a{:;f] O_{ ;j{ij %= tnsf zAb / cys{ f aLrdf hf8] f ldnfpm M tTIf0f Ifdf ug{] vfnsf] vnftF L cfFvf IfdfzLn t?' Gt} gq] cf/gdf w'jfF lbg] ;fwg e/} jL gfr ldqtf bf:] tL ;ªu\\ t ;ªu\\ l/;fP/ gflrg] gfr ^= dflysf] sljtfaf6 ‘gfl;g] –efl;g]’,‘56' b\\ 5 –km'6\\b5’h:tf cg'kf| ; ldns] f kfFr hf8] L zAb lrg]/ n]v . &= tnsf zAbsf] kofo{ jfrL zAb n]v M l/;, ldq, 3/, cfvF f, bftF , dflg;, ;fyL k9fO÷nv] fO ;Lk != tnsf kZ| gx¿sf] PsPs jfSodf pQ/ nv] M s_ ‘l/;’ sljtfsf /rgfsf/ sf] xg' \\ < v_ l/;n] sf]sf] gfl;G5g\\ < u_ l/;fxfsf] ldq sxfF /xFb}g < 3_ ;'vzflGt s;/L ldN5 < ;g' ufef gk] fnL zª[ \\vnf sIff & 73

ª_ l/;sf] j]u t'?Gt} sd ug{ s] ug{'k5{ < r_ s]sf] ju] /fS] g d'l:sn k5{ < @= dflysf] sljtfsf] ;xfotf lnO{ tnsf] sljtfsf] kªl\\ Qm k/\" f u/ M l/;sf] ========================= kbf{ so} fF}sf] wg;DklQ ========================= b]Vt5fF} xfdL 3D' b} 5g\\ tL otfplt . hlt l/; u¥of] plQ a9L ========================= Tof] clt laub|F } hfG5 =========================;bf dflg;sf] dlt . #= tnsf k|Zgx¿sf] Ps zAbdf pQ/ bp] m M s_ l/; s;sf] zq' xf] < v_ s]n] dflg;sf] dlt lau|G5 < u_ s;sf] b'u{lt x'G5 < 3_ dv' df s]sf] wf/f 5'6\\t5 < ª_ s;sf] ;ªu\\ ug{ nf]s 8/fpF5 < $= efj lj:tf/ u/ . s_ l/;fxfsf] s'g} ldq /xbF g} hute\\ / l/;fxf;Fusf] bf:] tL x'G5 Tof] 8/sf] 3/ . v_ ls tf dn] ls tf ¹n] ls tf ;j{:j ;Dklt :jfxf eO{ l/;fxfsf], cGTodf xG' 5 bu' l{ t . %= tnsf k|Zgsf] pQ/ bp] m M s_ l/;n] s]s] gf:b5 < v_ l/;fxfsf] s;/L cGTo x'G5 < u_ l/;af6 aRg ss] ] ugk'{ 5{ < 3_ l/; sljtfsf] d\"n efj s] xf] < %= l/;n] ss] :tf xflg gfS] ;fgL u5{ / o;af6 aRg s] ug{k' 5{ < ;lj:tf/ nv] . 74 ;'gufef g]kfnL z[ªv\\ nf sIff &

tnsf] kf7 Wofg lbP/ k9 M w'd]{ / wlgofF nf]Ug:] jf:gL lyP . pgLx¿ Pscfk;df l/;fP/ ;wF} ¹u8f ul//xGy] . ;fgfltgf s'/fdf klg l/;fOxfNg] / /8fsf] dRofpg] pgLx¿sf] afgLn] pgLx¿nfO{ t xflg ku' ]s} lyof†] l5d]sLx¿;d]t jfSs ePsf lyP . pgLx¿sf] l5d]sdf Ps hgf al' 4dfg\\ dlxnf al:yg\\ . w'd]{ / wlgofsF f aLrsf] ¹u8f cGTo ug{] hl' Qm nufO{ tL dlxnfn] Ps lbg wlgofnF fO{ ;6' S' s cfÇgf] 3/df af]nfOg\\ . ufyF} nL;Fu ;a} s/' fsfgL ub}{ hfFbf tL dlxnfn] pgLx¿sf aLrsf] ¹u8fsf] h8 kQf nufOg\\ . pgn] wlgofnF fO{ cfk\"m;Fu ¹u8fsf] cf}ifwL ePsf] atfOg\\ . s] vf]H5;\\ sfgf cfvF f] eg]¹}F wlgofnF ] tL dlxnf;Fu ¹u8fsf] cfi} fwL ePdf hlt d\"Nodf eP klg cfk\"mn] lsGg rfxL . l5d]sL dlxnfn] Tof] cf}ifwL l;Q}df lbbF } elgg\\, ‘ha ltdf| >Ldfg\\ l/;fP/ ¹u8f ug{ yfN5g\\, 7Ls ToxL ;dodf of] ¹f]n cf}ifwL b'O{ rDrf d'vdf xfNg\" t/ >Ldfg\\ l/;fOGh]n jf af]nG' h]n o;nfO{ lgNg] jf y'Sg] u¥of} eg] o;n] g/fdf| ] c;/ u5{ .’ wlgofF v';L xFb' } Tof] cfi} fwL lnP/ 3/df uO{ . an] 'sf ;w¹F} F} w'd{] l/;fP/ s/fpg yfNof] . wlgofF leq uO{ / ;6' 'Ss Tof] ¹fn] cfi} fwL bO' { rDrf dv' df xfnL . wd' {] Psf]xf]/f] s/fO/Åof] . ;w}F ;fgf] s'/fdf klg d'v kmsfp{ g] cfÇgL >LdtL r'k nfu]/ 6n' '6'n' x/] ]sf] b]v/] w'd{]nfO{ cfÇgL >LdtLkl| t dfof nfu/] cfof] . p;n] cfÇgL >LdtLnfO{ cuF fnf] xfNof] / cfk\"mn] cgfjZos afn] ]sf]df dfkmL dfUof] . o;/L bO' { tLglbg;Dd Tof] cf}ifwL ;]jg ub{} hfbF f w'd]{ / wlgofsF f aLrsf] ¹u8fsf] cGTo g} eof] . wlgofF tL l5ds] L dlxnfsf] 3/df ku' L / ;fw] L, ‘lbbL o:tf] rfdTsfl/s cf}ifwL sxfaF f6 Nofpge' Psf] xf] < Tof] cf}ifwLn] t xfdLnfO{ 7\"nf] u'g nufof] lg .’ l5ds] L dlxnfn] xf:F b} elgg\\, ‘x]/ alxgL ¤ Tof] sg' } cfi} fwL xf]Og, Tof] t dfdn' L kfgL xf] . To;n] r'k nufpg] sfd dfq} u/]sf] xf] . o;sf] dtna s] aˆ' g' eg] ¹u8f x'g yfNbf jf Ps hgf l/;fpbF f csf]{ dflg; rk' nfu/] a:of] eg] ¹u8f slxNo} cufl8 a9\\bg} . To;}n] dn} ] ltdLnfO{ Tof] kfgL lbPsL xF' .’ tL dlxnfsf] s'/f ;g' ]/ wlgofF s]xL nlHht xb'F } 3/lt/ nfuL . To;kl5 tL bj' } nf]Ug:] jf:gLsf aLrdf slxNo} ¹u8f ePg . c= tnsf zAbx¿ tLgtLg k6s n]v M al' 4dfg,\\ cf}ifwL, l/;fOGhn] , cgfjZos, 6n' 6' n' ', rfdTsfl/s, nf]Ug]:jf:gL cf= 7Ls egfOdf /]hf -µ_ nufpm M s= w'd]{ / wlgofF slxn]sfxLF dfq ¹u8f uy]{ . v= w'd]{ / wlgofsF f aLrsf] eu8f ;g' /] l5ds] Lx¿ dVv ky{] . u= l5ds] L dlxnfn] wlgofnF fO{ ;6' 'Ss afn] fOg\\ . 3= l5ds] L dlxnfn] wlgofFnfO{ cf}ifwL eg/] kfgL lbOg\\ . ª= cfi} fwL vfPkl5 w'd{] / wlgofFsf aLrsf] ¹u8f k/\" } aGb eof] . ;'gufef g]kfnL z[ª\\vnf sIff & 75

O= tnsf k|Zgx¿sf] pQ/ b]pm M != w'd]{ / wlgofFsf aLrsf] ¹u8fn] ss;nfO{ xflg xG' Yof] < @= l5ds] L dlxnfn] wlgofFnfO{ cf}ifwL Psk6sdf slt dfqf vfg] ;Nnfx lbOg\\ < #= wlgofFn] cf}ifwL sltv/] vfg] uyL{ < $= wlgofnF ] cfi} fwL vfPkl5 w'd{]n] p;nfO{ s] u¥of] < %= ¹u8f x'g] dV' o sf/0f s] /x5] < ;g' fO ;Lk -ki[ 7 @@) df lbOPsf] cgR' 5b] _ lzIfsaf6 jf l;8Laf6 ;'g / tnsf sfox{ ¿ u/ M != tnsf kZ| gx¿sf] PsPs jfSodf pQ/ n]v M s= jftfj/0f eg]sf] s] xf] < v= s] s/' fn] jftfj/0fnfO{ uDeL/ c;/ kf/]sf] 5 < u= kf| sl[ ts ;Gtn' g / rj|mnfO{ s] s'/fn] k|efljt t'NofPsf] 5 < 3= s] s/' f dflg;sf] c1fgtf / cb\"/blz{tf xf] < ª= jftfj/0fnfO{ :jR5 / :j:y /fVgsf nflu s] ug{k' 5{ < @= sfi] 7saf6 vfnL 7fpFdf 7Ls zAb e/ M s_ jftfj/0f kb| i\" f0fn] dfgj, hgfj/ tyf jg:kltsf] hLjgdf ============= k|efj kfb{5 . -kT| oIf, ck|ToIf_ v_ ‘:j:y jftfj/0f g} ================= hLjg xf’] . -Wj:t, :jR5 _ u_ a9b\\ f] pBfu] wGbfsf] ljsf;n] k[YjL ================= u5{ . -tfTg], lrl;g]_ 3_ k|f0fL tyf jg:kltsf] hLjg ================= aGb} uO/xs] f] 5 . -bogLo, pbfx/0fLo_ ª_ jftfj/0f :jR5 /fVg ================= km}nfpg'k5{ . -kb| \"if0f, hgr]tgf_ 76 ;g' ufef g]kfnL z[ª\\vnf sIff &

Jofs/0f ;Lk lj|mofljzi] f0f jfSodf lj|mofsf] ljzi] ftf a¹' fpg cfpg] cJoo ljm| ofljz]if0f xf] . lj|mofljz]if0fnfO{ ljm| ofof]uL klg elgG5 . ljm| ofljz]if0fn] ljz]if0fsf] klg ljzi] ftf a¹' fp“5 . ljm| ofljz]if0fnfO{ lj|mofofu] L klg elgG5 . lj|mofljz]if0f lj|mof;“u lsg, s;/L, sxf,“ slxn], slt h:tf kZ| g ubf,{ pQ/sf] ¿kdf cfp“5 . lsg < k9\\g, a:g, vfg, p7\\g, xg] {, eGg, ;'Gg, cfpg, hfg slxn] < ef]ln, lxhf,] lbp“;f,] ev{/, kfx] f]/, clxn,] e/,] kl;{, cl:t, a]n'sf, cfh s;/L < /fd|/L, e/' ,{ v?' Ss, Kof§, bf}8/] , la:tf/}, e;' 'Ss, xf;“ ]/, ykSs, h'?Ss, km6fkm6 sxfF < leq, aflx/, k5fl8, tn, jfl/, cufl8, kfl/, dfly, cl3, kl5, glhs}, j/ slt < yf]/,} lgs}, c;fWo,} cToGt, cfw} L, clt, Hofb}, kz| :t, ;fx|}, k\"/,} clnslt, v'a != kf7af6 !) j6f ljm| ofof]uL zAb vf]h]/ nv] . @= tnsf lj|mofof]uLnfO{ jfSodf k|ofu] u/ M a:g, vfg, p7\\g, ev{/, kf]xf/] , clxn], e/], cufl8, kfl/, dfly, cl3, k/\" }, clnslt, va' l;h{gfTds ;Lk != ltdLn] dg' fdbg k9s] f 5f} < 5g} f} eg] Psk6s k9 . d'gfdbg gk] fnL ˆofp/] nodf n]lvPsf] 5 . k|Tos] x/kmdf !^ cIf/ x'g] of] nodf # ± @ ± # ± @ ± # ± # ˜ !^ cIf/sf] ;/+ rgf xG' 5 . o;df x:| j bL3{ tyf dfqfsf] u0fgf xbF' g} . cIf/ dfq tfl] sPsf] ;+/rgf dfq /fv] k'U5 . tnsf] pbfx/0f x/] M If]qLsf]÷ 5f]/f] ÷ Tof] kfp÷ 5G' 5 ÷ l3gn÷] 5b'F }g dflg;÷ 7n\" f] ÷ lbnn] ÷ x'G5 ÷ hftn] ÷ x'Fb}g -b]jsf]6f_ ;g' ufef g]kfnL zª[ v\\ nf sIff & 77

9ª' \\ufsf÷] sfk ÷kmf]//] ÷ klg ÷pd|G5 ÷kLkn l;h{gf ÷zlQm÷ ;;+ f/df÷ sN} o} ÷xb'F }g ÷ljkmn . -l3ld/_] dfly # ± @ ± # ± @ ± # ± # cIf/ 56' \\ofpg] u/L ltos{ \\ -÷_ lrÅgx¿ lbOPsf 5g\\ . dflysf] bf];|f] pbfx/0fdf ;;+ f/df zAbdf rf/ cIf/ b]lvP klg To;sf] pRrf/0f ;;+ f/\\df xg' ] ePsfn] tLg cIf/sf] ePsf] xf] . ltdLn] kf7df k9s] f] OR5f sljtf klg oxL nodf nl] vPsf] 5 . eP/÷ k};f÷ ljjs] ÷ cGwf÷] ckfªu\\ ÷gx\"F d pGglt ÷u/L ÷;as} f÷] ;fd' ÷xFl;nf] ÷/xF\" d . @= tn lbOPsf] ;+/rgfdf c¿ ^ x/km yk/] sljtf k/\" f u/ M gk] fnL df6f] gk] fnL kfgL e'n/] hfGgF d kl;gf kfV] 5' df6fd] f cfkmF} 7u/] vfGgF d . ================================================= ================================================= #= ltdL klg k|Tos] x/kmdf cIf/x¿nfO{ # ± @ ± # ± @ ± # ± # sf] ;/+ rgfdf ldnfP/ sljtf n]Vg] k|of; u/ . gk] fnsf jGohGt' cf/If0f ?sd' , afUn'ª, DofUbL ndhª' , uf/] vf s_ 9f]/kf6g jGohGt' cf/If0f ndhª' , dgfª, d:' tfª, DofUbL, sf:sL v_ dgf;n' jGohGt' cf/If0f tfKnh] 'ª u_ cGgk\"0f{ jGohGt' cf/If0f bf]nvf, /fd]5fk 3_ s~rghª3\\ f jGohGt' cf/If0f s~rgk/' ª_ uf/} Lzª\\s/ jGohGt' cf/If0f ;'g;/L r_ z'SnfkmfF6f jGohGt' cf/If0f lrtjg, dsjfgk/' , k;f{ 5_ sf];L6Kk' jGohGt' cf/If0f h_ k;f{ jGohGt' cf/If0f 78 ;g' ufef g]kfnL z[ªv\\ nf sIff &

kf7 & ;ª\\ut syf – gLnd sfsL{ lgxfl/sf tnsf jfSox¿ cfjfh lgsfn]/ ;an} ] k9 M xfdLn] lrqsnf k|bz{gLsf] cjnfs] g u¥of}F . kqsf/n] snfsf/sf] cGtjft{ f{ lnFb} 5g\\ . sn' tn] xfdLnfO{ lauf5{ . c;n ;fyLsf] ;ª\\utaf6 /fd|f s'/f l;lsG5 . ;g' ufef gk] fnL zª[ \\vnf sIff & 79

tnsf k|Zgx¿sf] pQ/ eg M d ltdLn] lrqsnf kb| z{gLsf] cjnfs] g u/s] f 5f} < d s';ªu\\ t egs] f] s] xf], ltdLnfO{ yfxf 5 < d ljBfyLx{ ¿ s;/L sn' tdf km:5g\\ < d ltdLnfO{ s:tf] ;fyL dg k5{ < d stJ{ o eg]sf] s] xf] < tnsf jfSox¿ cfjfh lgsfn]/ k9 M d cfxf ¤ clg?bn| ] agfPsf lrqx¿ t x¿] Fx¿] F nfUg] vfnsf /x5] g\\ . d xfdLn] 6]lnlehgdf rlr{t snfsf/sf] cGtjft{ f{ x]¥of}F . d lxhf]af6 xfd|f] sIffdf gofF ;fyL cfPsf] 5 . d ;fyLx¿n] eg] eGbd} f d t afafcfdfnfO{ g;f]wL sg' } sfd klg ulbg{ F . d nf}glg ¤ xfdf| ] ;fyLsf] bfh' t sn' tdf kf] nfu]sf /x]5g\\ . d sn' tdf nfu]sf s6] fx¿nfO{ ;w' f/sG] b|n] ;w' f/5] lg . d cfh dn} ] cfÇgf] k'/fgf] ;fyL;Fu e6] ]/ s'/fsfgL u/F] . 80 ;'gufef g]kfnL zª[ v\\ nf sIff &

‘;ª\\ut’ syf syfsf/ gLnd sfsL{ lgxfl/sfn] n]vs] L xg' \\ . pgL rlrt{ syfsf/ x'g\\ . pgsf ‘xjg’, ‘csL{ cfOdfO{’, ‘rL/x/0f’, ‘an] L’ h:tf sl[ tx¿ ks| flzt 5g\\ . pgsf s[ltx¿df b]zk|]d, afndgf]lj1fg, ;fdflhs oyfy{ h:tf ljifoj:t'nfO{ ;dfj]z ul/Psf] kfOG5 . ;ª\\ut syfdf syfsf/n] ljBfnodf cWoog ubf{ unt dflg;sf] ;ªu\\ t ug{ gxg' ] s'/f atfPsL 5g\\ . cj}w sf/f]af/ ug{] dflg;n] ljBfnosf ljBfyLx{ ¿nfO{ sn' tdf nufpg u/]sf] b'ik|of; o; syfdf ljifosf] ¿kdf cfPsf] 5 . o:t} unt p2Z] osf ;fy ljBfnodf egf{ xg' cfPsf] gofF ljBfyLn{ ] cGo ljBfyLn{ fO{ e8\\sfPsf] 5 . Pp6L 5fqfn] cfk\"mnfO{ g/fdf| ] Jojxf/ ug{] ;fyLx¿nfO{ klg sn' tdf km:gaf6 arfPsf] k|;ªu\\ bv] fP/ syfdf v/fax?sf] ;ª\\ut ugx'{ 'bF }g† ;ªu\\ ts} sf/0f dflg;n] ;v' jf bM' v kfpF5 eGg] s/' f syfdf s;/L cfPsf] 5, aˆ' g tnsf] syf k9 M cfk} rfl/s ¿kdf sfo{j|md ;dfkg ePsf] 3f]if0ff eof] . To;kZrft\\ lrofkfgsf] ;do lyof] . lrofsf] ;dodf pkl:yt w/] }n] lbuDa/sf] snfsf] k|z+;f u/] . awfO{ lbP . ;dfrf/ ;ªs\\ ngsf lglDt cfPsf w/] } kqsf/x¿ cfÇgf] sfd k\"/f u/L lxFl8;s]sf lyP . t/ gk] fnL l6eL k|:tft] f / Sofd]/f Dofg eg] klv{/xs] f lyP . k:| tf]tfn] lbuDa/nfO{ sx] L afl] nlbgsf lglDt cg/' f]w u/]sL lyOg\\ . lbuDa/n] cfuGts' uPkZrft\\ ;do ldnfpg] atfPsf lyP To;sf/0f k|tLIff ul//xs] f lyP pgLx¿n] . z'elrGtsaf6 3]l/O/x]sf lyP lbuDa/ . wdfwd kmf]6f] lvRg] sfd klg eO/x]sf] lyof] . la:tf/} pgsf z'elrGts kftlnP . aNn lbuDa/sf] Wofg cln 6f9f s'gfaf6 x]l//xs] L, cfk\"mnfO{ g} k|tLIff ul//xs] L kqsf/tkm{ k¥of] . pgL d:' s/' fpbF } kqsf/sf] glhs ku' ]/ eg,] ‘dfkm ug'x{ f]nf d}n] oxfnF fO{ w/] } kvfP{ F .’ ‘sx] L 5}g . oxfnF ] lgotjz kt| LIff u/fpge' Psf] xf]Og . sltn] cfkm\" nfO{ clt Jo:t bv] fpg kqsf/nfO{ nfdf] kt| LIff u/fpF5g\\’ k:| tft] fn] xf:F b} elgg\\ . zAbf {y cfk} rfl/s M lgoddf aflF wPsf] k|:tf]tf M k|:tt' stf{ 3f]if0ff M s'g} s'/f 7\"nf] :j/n] ;'gfpg] sfd cfuGt's M kfxg' f kz| +;f M u0' fufg z'elrGts M sNof0fsf] sfdgf ug]{, c;n lrtfpg,] lxti} fL ;ªs\\ ng M hDdf ug{] sfd lgotjz M leqL p2Z] osf] jzdf k/]/ ;g' ufef gk] fnL z[ªv\\ nf sIff & 81

lbuDa/ d;' 'Ss xf;F ] . k|ltpQ/df kqsf/ klg kml] / xfFl;g\\ . clg Sofd/] f Dofgtkm{ kmls{P/ ;f]lwg,\\ ‘kjghL xfdL sxflF g/ a;/] cGtjft{ f{ lnpFm xf]nf <’ pgsf] k|Zg sxfF a;]/ cGtjft{ f{ lvRg] eGg] lyof] . ‘aflx/ g} /fd|f] xf]nf .’ sfFwdf Sofd]/f af]Sb} kjgn] eg] . ejgsf] bO' { tnfdfly ePsf] lyof] sfoj{ m| d . pgLx¿ ukm ub}{ e¥ofªaf6 tn cfuF gdf ¹/] . cGtjf{tf{ lngl] bg] bO' { hgf tof/L cj:yfdf a;]kl5 cfjfh s:tf] cfp5F k/LIf0f u/]/ 7Ls 5 eGg] ;ª\\st] df bfofF xftsf] a9\" L cfF}nf dflytkm{ p7fP kjgn] . kZ| g ;fW] g'eGbf klxn] e\"ldsf cGtjft{ f{ lnga] f6 – ‘cfb/0fLo bzs{ j[Gb gd:sf/ ¤ xfdL;uF xg' 'xG' 5 rlrt{ o'jf snfsf/ lbuDa/ k|hfklt . pxfFn] agfpge' Psf] lrq cGt/fl{ i6«o:t/af6 snfdf kb| fg ul/g] k/' :sf/af6 k'/:st[ xg' ;kmn ePsf] 5 . of] xfdL ;a} gk] fnLsf nflu ujs{ f] s'/f xf] . ToxL vl' ;ofnLdf /fli6o« snf ;dfh sG] bn| ] cfh /fhwfgLdf snfsf/ lbuDa/ kh| fkltnfO{ awfO{ tyf ;Ddfg sfo{j|md cfofh] g u/s] f] lyof] . k:| t't ub{} 5fF} snfsf/ lbuDa/ k|hfklt;Fusf] 5f6] f] enfs';f/L – ‘;j{ky| d oxfnF fO{ awfO{ 5 .’ lbuDa/n] eg] – ‘wGojfb ¤’ clg o;/L cl3 a9o\\ f] kZ| gpQ/ – k|Zg – ‘cfh of] ;kmntfdf s:tf] nflu/x]5 <’ pQ/ – ‘;kmntfdf v';L x'g' :jfefljs xf] . d clt v';L 5' . kZ| g – ‘;kmn xg' s] ug{k' g{] /x]5 <’ pQ/ – ‘lg/Gt/ ldlxg]t ugk{' 5{ . PsbO' { k6s c;kmn eOof] eGb}df nug 5f8\\g' klg x'Gg . cfÇgf] nIodf k'Ug ;w}F cg'zfl;t xg' 'k5{ .’ kZ| g – ‘of] ;kmntfsf] >]o s;nfO{ lbg'x'G5 cyf{t\\ ;kmntfsf] k5fl8 s;sf] xft 5 <’ pQ/ – ‘elgG5 lg hLjg laufg{ Ps xft kofK{ t xG' 5 t/ hLjg agfpg w/] } xftx¿ x'G5g\\ . ;kmn xg' 'df d]/f] cfÇgf] ldlxg]t cfÇgf] 7fpFdf 5 . d o;sf] d'Vo >o] d]/f cfdfaa' f, u'?x¿ clg ldqx¿nfO{ lbG5’' km]l/ xfF;/] pgn] eg] ‘d d/] f zq'nfO{ klg lbG5' >o] .’ zAbf {y kl| tpQ/ M pQ/, hjfkm lg/Gt/ M nuftf/ k/LIf0f M hfFr >]o M h; 82 ;g' ufef gk] fnL z[ªv\\ nf sIff &

kZ| g – ‘zq'nfO{ klg >]o< of] cln crDdsf] s/' f ePg / <’ pQ/ – ‘Ps t sfx] L s;s} f] :yfoL zq' eGg] x'Ggg\\ . h;nfO{ xfdLn] cfÇgf] b':dg of 7n\" f] zq' dfgs] f x'G5fF} , Tof] xfd|f] e|d dfq x'g ;S5 . pgLx¿ xfd|f ze' lrGts – 7n\" f ldq x'g ;S5g\\ .’ kZ| g – ‘oxfnF ] eGg vfH] ge' Psf] tfTko{ cln :ki6 kfl/lbgx' f];\\ g .’ pQ/ – ‘:ki6 kfg{sf nflu d d]/f] afNosfndf kU' gk' g]{ x'G5 .’ kZ| g – ‘cjZo kU' gx' f];\\ . xfdL oxfsF f] afNosfn xfd|f bz{s dxfge' fjnfO{ klg ;g' fpg rfxG5fF} . hg' xfdf| eljiosf s0fw{ f/ xfdf| gfgLx¿nfO{ k/|] 0ffbfoL x'g] 5 .’ s]xLa]/ ;fr] /] lbuDa/n] pQ/ lbP – ‘d clt hx] g] bf/, ldlxgt] L ljBfyL{ lyPF . sIffdf k|yd of bf;] |f] x'g] uy+]{ . u'?x¿sf] klg clt lk|o lyPF . Tof] pd/] ;fyL eg]kl5 x'?Ss x'g] pd/] lyof] . cfdfa'afn] egs] f] eGbf ;fyLs} a9L ljZjf; xG' Yof] . bz sIffdf Ps hgf gofF ljBfyL{ egf{ xg' cfP . clg?b| lyof] pgsf] gfd . pgsf] njfO, v'jfO, af]nLaf6 d nufot s]6f ;fyLx¿ l5§} k|efljt xg' uof}F . s] gofF l;gd] f cfof], s] cfpbF } 5 eGg] s/' f uYof{}F . pm l;g]dfsf] gfossf] h:tf] clego uYof]{ . uLt u'gu'gfpYF of] . xfjfdf s/ftF ] b]vfpYF of] . ljsl;t b]zdf cfPsf gofgF ofF kl| jlwsf] klg s'/f u//] xfdLnfO{ 5Ss kfYof]{ . slxn] xfdLnfO{ vfhf klg v'jfpFYof]† va' k;} f lnP/ cfpFYof] pm . ;o kfFr ;o / xhf/sf] klg gf]6 x'GYof] pm;uF . xfdL pmaf6 olt k|efljt xg' uof}F . pm h]h] uYof†]{ h] eGYof] ToxL ug{ nfUof}F . slxn] labfsf] lbg 3/af6 efu]/ slxn] sIff 5f8]/ pm;Fu l;gd] f x]g{ hfg], kf}8L vN] g hfg] ug{ nfUofF} . slxn] sfkLsndnfO{ eg]/, slxn] klx/f]df k/]sf] kl/jf/sf] nflu, slxn] af9Ln] 3/v]t aufPsfsf] nflu ljBfnodf rGbf p7fPsf] 5 eg/] 9fF6/] 3/df k;} f dfUofF} . t/ slt k6s s]s] lgxF'df dfq 9flF 6/xg] < ptf k};fsf] cfjZostf ¹g¹\\ g\\ a9g\\ nfu]sf] lyof] . s;n] w/] } k;} f lnP/ hfg ;Sg] / clg?b|sf] glhssf] xg' ] eGg] xf8] afhL rns] f] lyof] xfdL s]xL ;fyLx¿sf] aLrdf . cfdfn] /fv]sf] 7fpFaf6 k;} f rfg] { yflnof] . clxn] ;D¹bF f nfh nfU5, 3/df cfPsf] kfxg' fsf] ¹f]nfaf6 klg lgsfns] f] lyPF k};f PsbO' { k6s . clxn] klg ;lD¹bF f lgs} g/fd|f] nfU5 . xfdf| ] 3/df cfPsf] jn] f cfÇgf] k;} f x/fPsf] yfxf kfPkl5 s] ;fr] ] xf]nfg\\ xfdf| ] kl/jf/sf] af/d] f kfxg' fn] < xfdL hf]h;n] 3/af6 k;} f lnP/ hfg ;Sg] lyofF,} To;To;nfO{ dfq cfk\"m;Fu lnP/ hfGYof] clg?b|n] . PsfGtdf cfk\"mh:t} c¿ ;fyL;Fu klg e6] fpg] uYof{] . pmh:t} c¿;Fu e]6 ug,{ ;ª\\ut ug{ kfP/ bªu\\ kYof+{} xfdL . k9g\\ eGbf aflx/L s/' fdf dg eof] . sIffdf Wofg sd x'Fb} uof] . ux[ sfo{ lbgxF' a'¹fpg'kYof]{ . a¹' fpgsf nflu ux[ sfo{ c¿sf] ;fg{ yflnof] . Tof] aGbf]a:t clg?b|n] g} ldnfOlbGYof] . zAbf {y ed| M s'g} j:t'nfO{ cs}{ ;lD¹g] jf gfos M cuj' f, gfOs], k|d'v kfq ¹l' Ssg] sfd k|ljlw M sg' } s/' fsf] lgdf{0f ug{ j}1flgs s0f{wf/ M kf/ nfpg] JolQm, df¹L 9ªu\\ n] sfd ug{] k4lt, jf ;Lk ;'gufef gk] fnL z[ª\\vnf sIff & 83

xfdf| ] ljBfnodf k9fpg] Ps hgf u'?cfdfsL 5f/] L lyOg\\ bLkfjnL . sIffdf xfdL;uF } k9\\lyg\\ pgL . cfdf5f]/L xfd|f] 3/eGbf tLg 3/ ptf 8/] f u/L a:gx' G' Yof] . ;fg} sIffbl] v pg} bLkfjnL slxn] dnfO{ lht]/ klxnf] x'lGyg†\\ slxn] pgnfO{ pl5g/] d ky| d x'g] u/]sf] lyPF . Ps ;f¹F kv pgL k;naf6 t/sf/L lsg/] cfpbF } /lx5g\\ . ahf/ ;lsPkl5sf] kf]v/L 5]psf] PsfGtdf ;fyLx¿ r'/f]6 tfg/] w'jfsF f] cfsl[ t agfpg] vn] v]ln/xs] f] j]nf dnfO{ klg bl] vg\\ . clg?b|sf ;fyLx¿ pgnfO{ lh:SofpFb} lyP . pgL s]xL gbv] ,] g;'g] h:tf] u/L 6fpsf] tn u/]/ uOg\\ . xfdf| ] lbgx'Fsf] ultljlw clncln ub}{ pgnfO{ yfxf xb'F } uof] . pgn] d]/f] k9fOdf Wofg gePsf] klg a'¹s] L lyOg\\ . pgn] ;a} s'/f cfÇgL cfdfnfO{ elg5g\\ . pgsL cfdfn] xfdf| ] aa' fcfdfnfO{ eGg'eP5 . sIffdf dnfO{ lhTg g;ss] Ln] Tof] bLkfjnLn] gePsf] agfj6L s'/f u/]sL xf] eg/] 6fg{ vf]h]F . cfdfaa' fn] d/] f] s/' f kTofpg'ePg . ljBfnodf rGbf gp7fPsf], d}n] ¹6' f] afn] /] k};f nu]sf] klg pxL ld;af6 a'afcfdfnfO{ yfxf eP5 . cfkm\" n] /fvs] f] 7fpaF f6 k;} f x/fpg] u/s] f] s'/f klg cfdfn] a'afnfO{ ;g' fpge' of] / dnfO{ ufnL ub{} ?g nfUge' of] . ?bF } eGge' of], ‘5f]/fnfO{ slt c;n dfG5,] 7\"nf] dfG5] agfpFnf eGg] ;kgf lyof] . To;sf] nflu vfO{gvfO{ b'Mv ul/Psf] 5 . o;sf] rfn, o;sf] ;ªu\\ t eg] o:tf] 5 . xfdf| ] 5f]/f rf]/, 8fFsf x'g] eof] . a'af dnfO{ kn' S' s x/] /] Ps zAb gaf]nL ;T' g hfge' of] . a'afn] To;/L x]g'{ / s]xL gaf]Ng' eg]sf] ¹g\\ 8/ nfUbf] lyof] . d}n] ljBfno uP/ xfd|f] ;dx\" sf ;fyLx¿nfO{ ;a} s/' f eg]F . clg ;fyLx¿ aLr ;Nnfx eof] bLkfjnL;Fu abnf lng] . pgsf] af/]df sfnf]kf6Ldf g/fd|f] s/' f nV] ofF} xfdLn] . csf{] lbg ;fyLx¿sf] nx}nxd} f pgsf] g/fdf| ] lrq agfPF dn} ] . sIffdf k:gl] alQs} Tof] b]v/] pgL ?bF } 3/ uOg\\ . xfdLn] bLkfjnLnfO{ ;tfpg g5f8]df, xfdL g;'lwP| sf] v08df k|wfgfWofks;fd' s'/f nufpg] / sf/afxL ug{] r]tfjgL lbge' of] pgsL cfdfn] . xfdL lg8/ / dv\" { eO;ss] f lyofF} . bLkfjnLnfO{ ¹g\\ ;tfpg nfUof}F . af6fd] f lxF8s] f] jn] f klg clg?bs| f c¿ ;fyL / xfdLn] pgsf] af6f] 5s] /] gfgfefFtL eGof}F . Toltn] ku' ]g . Ps dWofÅg pgL cfÇgf] ;fyL;Fu vfhf vfg uPsf] jn] f xfdLn] pgsf] ¹f]nfsf] lstfa sfkL l¹s/] k'/fgf klqsf sf]lrlbofF} . kl5 bO' { hgf ;/ cfP/ xfdL ;a}sf] ¹fn] f xg] {'eof] t/ s;}sfd] f e]l6Pg . ;a} sfkL lstfa kfgL 6o\\ fª\\sLdf kmflnlbPsf lyof}F . o;/L d zAbf {y xf8] afhL M k|lt:kwf{ 8fFsf M c¿sf] wgdfn cflb hah:{ tL, w't/] cfsl[ t M :j¿k, ¿k jf n'6/] lng] JolQm, 8fFsf agfj6L M b]vfj6L 84 ;'gufef gk] fnL z[ªv\\ nf sIff &

nufot xfdf| ] ;dx\" sf ;fyLx¿ eP/ pgnfO{ b'Mv lbO/ÅofF} . hf8fs] f] labfkl5 bLkfjnL ljBfno cfOgg\\ . pgsL cfdfsf] cGt} ;?jf eP5 . To;sf] sx] L lbgkl5 ljBfnodf aflx/sf s]xL gofF dfG5x] ¿ cfpg'eof] . ul0ftsf] ;/n] clg?bn| fO{ sIffaf6 afn] fP/ clkm;df lnP/ hfge' of] . sl/a cfwf 306f hlt kl5 bO' l{ t/ gf8Ldf ;dft]/ 3/] f xfn]/ clg?b|nfO{ ljBfnoaf6 aflx/ lnP/ uPsf] b]lvof] . kl5 yfxf eof] ;w' f/s]Gba| f6 cfpge' Psf] /x]5 pxfxF ¿ . xfd|f] ljBfnosf s6] fs]6LnfO{ sn' tdf ;fgb} l] v nt a;fNgsf nflu Ps Jofkf/L ;dx\" n] clg?b|nfO{ v6fPsf] /x]5 . p;nfO{ klg klxnf o;u} /L km;fP/ b'Jo;{ gL u/fOPsf] /x5] . bLkfjnL / pgsL cfdfn] d]/f cfdfaa' fnfO{ ;ts{ u/fpbF } ;a} s'/f egk] l5 aa' fn] ljBfno / ;~rfns ;ldlt;Dd s'/f /fv]/ a'afs} ;ljm| otfdf cg';Gwfg cl3 a95] clg uf]Ko ¿kdf 5fglag ub{} clg?b|nfO{ k|ofu] u/L ljBfyL{x¿nfO{ sn' tdf km;fP/ cfÇgf] Jofkf/ a9fpg ;lj|mo ;d\"x;Dd kU' g'ePsf] /x]5 pxfxF ¿ . Toltjn] f bLkfjnLnfO{ d}n] 7\"nf] zq' 7fgF] . 3/df s/' f nufO{ eg]/ pgnfO{ bf]ifL 7fg/] abnfsf] efjdf ;fyLx¿;Fu ldn]/ w/] } ;tfOof] . >Ldfg\\ ud' fPsL pgsL cfdfsf] af/d] f ;d]t slt grflxg] s'/f kmn} fOof] . xfdLn] pxfFx¿dfly w]/} cGofo u/]sf lyofF} . bLkfjnLn] xfdL ;xkf7L unt af6fd] f lx8F g\\ nfus] f] s/' f xfdf| cleefjs;Dd k'¥ofpg] kxn gu/s] L eP d dfq xf]Og, xfdL w/] } hgf lau|g] ;Defjgf lyof] . d]/f] k|lt:kwL{ laluo| f] eg] ¹g\\ d ;w}F sIffdf ky| d x'G5' eGg] ;f]r]/ pgL v';L eP/ rk' nfuL a;]sf] eP cfh d oxfF o;/L cGtjf{tf{ lbO/xs] f] xG' gyF] . pgsf] sf/0fn] d nufot sx] L ;fyLx¿ s'ntdf km;]gf}F . aa' fcfdfn] klg uNtLdf dfkm ug{e' of], ;D¹fpg'eof] . clg km]l/ d}n] ldlxg]t u//] k9F] . unt af6f] lxlF 8gF . oxf;F Dd ku' ]F . d/] f] hLjgdf cfdfafas' f] bg] 5 g} t/ xfdLn] zq' ;lD¹PsL d/] L tL ;Rrf zAbf {y gfgfefFtL M cgs] ks| f/ ;ts{ M ;fjwfg ;'wf/sG] b| M rl/q ;w' f/ ug{] :yfg ;~rfns M ;J' ojl:yt lsl;dn] s'g} sfd yfNg bJ' o;{ gL M sn' tdf km;s] f] jf rnfpg l;kfn' dflg; k|lt:kwL{ M xf8] afhL ug]{ ;'gufef g]kfnL zª[ v\\ nf sIff & 85

;fyL bLkfjnLsf] ofu] bfg klg sd 5g} . kZ| g – clxn] sxfF 5g\\ oxfFsL ;fyL< pQ/ – ‘To;af/] s'g} hfgsf/L 5g} / oxL cGtjft{ f{af6 d pgLkl| t s[t1tf 1fkg ug{ rfxG5' . xfdL unt af6fd] f lx8F \\g nfus] f] jn] f pgn] Tof] sbd gp7fPsf] eP xfdf| ] ;fyL ;'dg OlGhlgo/ x'g] lyPgg\\ . lbjfs/ 8fS6/ x'g] lyPgg\\ . cfTd/fd ;ª\\uLtsf/ x'g] lyPgg\\ . c?0f To:tf] ;kmn pBfu] klt xg' ] lyPgg\\ .’ cGtjft{ f{ lngn] ] xfF:b} ;fl] wg\\ –‘ch{g' ;dfh;j] L, k'ik jlsn / ls/0f k|fWofks klg aGg] lyPgg\\ xfn] f xfO] g / <’ k|Zg ;'g]/ lbuDa/n] crDd dfGb} ;f]w–] ‘s;/L yfxf eof] oxfnF fO{ d]/f ;fyLx¿sf] gfd <’ pgn] xfF:b} elgg\\ – ‘afNosfnsf ;fyLx¿nfO{ klg sxLF la;g{ ;lsG5 / <’ lbuDa/ cfZro{df k//] sx] La/] 3f]l/P . sx] L ;f]Rb} 3l/ cGtjft{ f{ lng]sf] 3f6F Ldf ¹l' G8Psf] kl/ro kqnfO{ t 3l/ pgsf] cgx' f/nfO{ Wofg lbP/ x]/] . kl/rokqdf n]lvPsf] x'G5 – bLkfjnL zfSo , g]kfnL l6eL . lbuDa/sf] cfvF fel/ st[ 1tf lyof] . bLkfjnLsf] cfFvfdf ljzfn ;Gt'li6 . cGtjf{tf{ ;lsPkl5 lbuDa/n] xfF:b} eg] – ‘ltdL ToxL bLkfjnL xf] eGg] yfxf lyPg .’ bLkfjnLn] elgg\\ ‘lsgls Tof] j]nf d lgs} sfnL lyPF / b'AnL klg lyPF xfO] g <’ lbuDa/ hjfkmdf xfF;] dfq clg clGtddf eg,] ‘Tof] j]nf cfdfaa' f;Dd s/' f k¥' ofpge' Gbf dnfO{ g} l;wf egs] f] eP x'g] lyof] lg .’ bLkfjnLn] elgg\\ – ‘cleefjsnfO{ hfgsf/L lbg' g} d/] f] stJ{ o ;lD¹PF . d}n] eg]/ dfq ltdLx¿sf] cfFvf vf]lng] lyPg . clg?bn| fO{ ko| f]u ugs{] f] jf:tljstf klg ;fd'Gg] cfof] . p;nfO{ klg ;w' f/sG] bn| ] ;w' f¥of] .’ zAbf {y s[t1tf M u/]sf] pksf/ b]Vg] sfd k|fWofks M ljZjljBfno jf dxfljBfnodf pBfu] klt M pBfu] jf sf/vfgfsf] dflns k9fpg] ljlzi6 >0] fLsf] cWofks jlsn M sfg'g Joj;foL st{Jo M bfloTj 86 ;g' ufef g]kfnL zª[ \\vnf sIff &

!= tnsf zAbx¿ ;kmf cIf/df cfÇgf] sfkLdf tLgtLg k6s ;f/ M ;ªs\\ ng, k|tLIff, lgotjz, cGtjft{ f{, e¥ofª, cGt/f{li6o« :t/, >o] , e|d @= tnsf zAbx¿sf] cy{ n]v M cf}krfl/s, ze' lrGts, s0f{wf/, xf]8afhL, ;'wf/sG] b|, gfgfefFtL #= jfSodf ko| fu] u/ M 3f]if0ff, ;ª\\sng, gfos, kl| jlw, b'Jo{;gL, ;~rfns, kl| t:kwL{, pBfu] klt, k|fWofks $= s_ tnsf] jfSonfO{ z'4 kf/]/ ;f/ M s]lxa/] ;fr] ]/ lbu+a/n] pQ/ lbP d clt hx] G] bf/ ldlxgl] t ljBfyL{ lyP . v_ tnsf dWo] z4' zAbdf /h] f -µ_ nufpm M != c_ ;ªs\\ ng cf_ ;s+ ng O_ zªs\\ ng O_{ ;sF ng @= c_ b'Ao{;gL cf_ b'Jo{zgL O_ b'Jo{;gL O_{ b'Jo{;lg #= c_ ;r+ fns cf_ ;~rfns\\ O_ ;Grfns O_{ ;~rfns $= c_ kl| tikwL{ cf_ k|lt:kwL{ O_ k|tL:kwL{ O{_ k|lt:k|wL{ %= tnsf zAbnfO{ ljk/LtfyL{ zAb;Fu hf]8f ldnfpm M ;Hhg s'dfu{ ;kgf sk' q' ;'k'q ljof]u :jfefljs b'hg{ ;d' fu { c:jfefljs ;o+ f]u lakgf ;'gufef gk] fnL zª[ \\vnf sIff & 87

^= tnsf zAb / cy{sf aLrdf hf8] f ldnfpm M k:| tft] f kfx'gf cfuGt's h; k/LIf0f nuftf/ lg/Gt/ bfloTj >]o k:| tt' stf{ cfsl[ t ;fjwfg ;ts{ hfrF st{Jo :j¿k &= tn lbOPsf] kf7sf] cg'R5]b k9 / lbOPsf k|Zgsf] pQ/ n]v M xfdL hf]h;n] 3/af6 k;} f lnP/ hfg ;Sg] lyof,}F To;To;nfO{ dfq cfk\"m;uF lnP/ hfGYof] clg?b|n] . PsfGtdf cfk\"mh:t} c¿ ;fyL;uF klg e]6fpg] uYof]{ . pmh:t} c¿;Fu e6] ug,{ ;ª\\ut ug{ kfP/ bªu\\ kYof+{} xfdL . k9g\\ eGbf aflx/L s/' fdf dg eof] . sIffdf Wofg sd x'bF } uof] . ux[ sfo{ lbgxF' a¹' fpgk' Yof{] . a¹' fpgsf nflu u[xsfo{ c¿sf] ;fg{ yflnof] . Tof] aGbfa] :t clg?b|n] g} ldnfOlbGYof] . s= dflysf] cgR' 5]baf6 kfFr j6f rGb|ljGb' nfu]sf zAb l6k M ==================, ==================, ==================, ==================, ================== v= dflysf] cg'R5]baf6 kfrF j6f /]km - { _ nfus] f zAb l6k M ==================, ==================, ==================, ==================, ================== k9fO÷n]vfO ;Lk != tnsf kZ| gx¿sf] PsPs jfSodf pQ/ nv] M s_ gk] fn l6eLsL k|:tf]tfn] lsg lbuDa/sf] k|tLIff ul//x]sL lyOg\\ < v_ cfkm\" ;kmn x'gs' f] >]o lbuDa/n] ss;nfO{ lbP < u_ clg?bn| ] ss;nfO{ sn' tdf nufPsf] lyof] < 88 ;'gufef gk] fnL zª[ v\\ nf sIff &

3_ lbuDa/n] sxfFsxfFaf6 k};f rf/] ]sf lyP < ª_ kqsf/nfO{ lrg]kl5 lbuDa/sf] cfvF fdf s] ¹lNs/xs] f] lyof] < @= tnsf jfSox¿ 7Ls jf a7] Ls s] xg' ,\\ lrg]/ nv] M s_ lbuDa/n] agfPsf] lrqsf] ;a}n] k|z+;f u/] . v_ lbuDa/n] sfo{jm| d k:| tf]tf;Fu cfkm\" n] cGtjf{tf{ glbg] eg] . u_ ljBfnodf cfPsf] gofF ljBfyL{ lgs} ldlxg]tL lyof] . 3_ sfoj{ m| d k|:tf]tfn] lbuDa/nfO{ ;fg}bl] v lrg]sL lyOg\\ . ª_ lbuDa/n] cfÇgf] st{Jo lgjf{x ug{ ;kmn ePsf lyP . #= ldNg] zAb 5fg/] vfnL 7fpF e/ M s_ sltn] cfkm\" nfO{ ====================bv] fpg kqsf/nfO{ nfdf] kt| LIff u/fpF5g\\ . -Jo:t, Wj:t_ v_ xfdLn] oxfsF f] afNosfn xfd|f ================== dxfg'efjnfO{ klg ;'gfpg rfxG5f}F . ->ft] f, bzs{ _ u_ cfdf5f]/L xfdf| ] 3/eGbf ================== xft ptf 8/] f u/L a:gx' 'GYof] . -rf/, tLg_ 3_ ================== s} ;ljm| otfdf cg';Gwfg cl3 a95] . -aa' f, k|wfgfWofks_ ª_ bLkfjnLk|lt cGtjft{ fa{ f6 ================== 1fkg ug{ rfxG5' . -s[t1tf, st[ £gtf_ $= tnsf k|Zgx¿sf] Ps zAbdf pQ/ b]pm M s_ lrofsf] ;dodf w]/n} ] s;sf] snfsf] kz| ;+ f u/] < v_ Sofd/] f Dofgsf] gfd s] lyof] < u_ sfoj{ |md k:| tf]tfn] lbuDa/sf] afNosfn s;nfO{ ;'gfpg rflxg\\ < 3_ sg' ljifo k9fpg] ;/n] clg?b|nfO{ afn] fP/ clkm;df n}hfge' of] < ª_ sfo{jm| d k|:tft] fsf] gfd s] lyof] < %= s;n] s;nfO{ egs] f] xf] < kf7sf cfwf/df vf]h/] eg M s_ aflx/ g} /fd|f] xfn] f v_ cfÇgf] nIodf kU' g ;w}F cg'zfl;t x'g'k5{ . u_ xfdf| ] 5f]/f rf/] 8fsF f xg' ] eof] . ;'gufef g]kfnL z[ª\\vnf sIff & 89

3_ clxn] sxfF l5g\\ oxfFsL ;fyL < ª_ Tof] jn] f d lgs} sfnL lyPF / bA' nL klg lyPF xfO] g < r_ dnfO{ g} l;wf eg]sf] eP x'g] lyof] lg . ^= efj lj:tf/ u/ . s_ hLjg laufg{ Ps xft kofK{ t x'G5 t/ hLjg agfpg w/] } xftx¿ x'G5g\\ . v_ cleefjsnfO{ hfgsf/L lbg' g} d]/f] st{Jo ;lD¹PF . &= tnsf kZ| gsf] pQ/ b]pm M s_ kqsf/ sf] lyOg\\ / pgn] s;sf] cGtjft{ f{ lnPsL lyOg\\ < v_ lbuDa/n] bLkfjnLk|lt lsg b'Jo{jxf/ u/]sf lyP < u_ lbuDa/ / pgsf ;fyLx¿n] ss] :tf s'sd{ u/]sf lyP < 3_ bLkfjnL / pgsL cfdfn] bM' v kfpg'sf] sf/0f s] xf] < ª_ lbuDa/ / pgsf ;fyLx¿ s;/L bJ' o{;gLaf6 ars] f lyP < r_ ;ªu\\ t syfsf] dV' o ;Gb]z s] xf] < *= ltdL ;ª\\ut syfsL kfq bLkfjnLsf] :yfgdf eP cfk\"mkl| t bJ' o{jxf/ ug]{ ;fyLx¿;uF s:tf] Jojxf/ ug]{ lyof} < ts{ lbP/ n]v . (= Ps hgf c;n ;fyLsf] ko| f;n] w]/} hgfsf] eljio ;l' wg| ;S5 eGg] s'/fnfO{ ;ªu\\ t syfsf] cfwf/df k'li6 u/ < tnsf] kf7 Wofg lbP/ k9 ;T;ª\\ut eGgfn] 1fgL–u'0fLx¿;uF ul/g] ;ª\\ut eGg] al' ¹G5 . c;n rl/q ePsf dflg;x¿;Fusf] ;ªu\\ t ug]{ sfd g} ;T;ª\\ult xf] . ;T;ª\\ultn] dflg;nfO{ 1fgL / al' 4hLjL agfp5F . dflg;n] afn] rfn ug,{ Jojxf/ ug{ / ;dfhdf rl/qjfg\\ JolQmsf] ¿kdf :yflkt x'g ;T;ªu\\ ltsf] 7n\" f] el\" dsf /xs] f] x'G5 . 7\"nfnfO{ cfb/ ug,{ ;fgfnfO{ dfof ug,{ bM' vdf gcflQg / ;v' df gdflQg klg ;T;ª\\ultn] g} l;sfPsf] xG' 5 . sg' ;xL af6f] xf], s'g unt af6f] xf] eGg] s/' fsf] c;n 1fg klg ;T;ªu\\ ltaf6 g} k|fKt xG' 5 . ;;+ f/sf ;kmn dflg;x¿ cfÇgf] ;kmntfsf] sf/0f cfÇgf] lxti} fL ldqnfO{ atfpF5g\\ . clxn]sf afnaflnsfx¿ cfÇgf cleefjs;FueGbf a9L ;fyLx¿;Fu g} ;do latfpg] u5g{ \\ . ;fyLx¿sf] rfn9fn, cfgLafgL, zLn:jefj cflb s/' fnfO{ l5§} l;Sg] u5{g\\ . To:tf] j]nfdf Pp6f afnsn] ;ª\\ut ug]{ ;fyL c;n u0' f, :jefjn] oQ' m 5 eg] p;n] cjZo klg /fd|f] s/' f 90 ;g' ufef gk] fnL z[ªv\\ nf sIff &

l;Sb5 eg] v/fa ;fyL ePdf v/fa s/' f l;Sb5 . To;n} ] c;n ;fyLsf] ;ª\\utsf] af/d] f lgs} xfl] ;of/ x'g'kb5{ . sltko :sn' df egf{ x'g cfPsf gofF ljBfyL{x¿nfO{ nfuk' bfys{ f] Jofkf/ ugx{] ¿n] ToxfsF f c¿ ljBfyLx{ ¿nfO{ b'Jo;{ gdf nufpg l;sfP/ k7fPsf xG' 5g\\ . To; s/' fdf ljBfno, cleefjs ;d\"x / :jo+ ljBfyL{ klg ;fjwfg x'gk' 5{ . afNosfn cToGt ;+jb] gzLn pd]/ xf] . To;df klg !# jifs{ f] pd]/bl] v @) jifs{ f] pd]/;Ddsf lszf]/lszf]/Ln] ;fyLkl| t w]/} ljZjf; ug]{ / cleefjskl| t sd ljZjf; ub{5g\\ . cfÇgf] ljZjf;kfq dflgPsf] ;fyL v/fa ePdf cfÇgf] eljio lalu|g hfg] s'/fdf ljBfyL{ :jod\\ klg ;fjwfg xg' cfjZos b]lvG5 . c= tnsf zAbx¿ tLgtLg k6s n]v M ;T;ªu\\ lt, rl/qjfg,\\ a'l4hLjL, lxt}ifL, cleefjs, zLn:jefj, ;+j]bgzLn, ljZjf;kfq cf= 7Ls egfOdf /]hf -µ_ nufpm M s= b'h{g :jefj ePsf dflg;x¿;Fusf] ;ªu\\ lt klg ;T;ª\\ult xf] . v= dflg;nfO{ c;n agfpg ;T;ª\\ultsf] 7\"nf] e\"ldsf x'G5 . u= ;T;ª\\ultn] dflg;nfO{ ;Tdful{ t/ 8fx] f¥] ofp5F . 3= ljBfnodf egf{ xg' cfPsf gofF ljBfyL{ ;a} v/fa xG' 5g\\ . ª= ;T;ª\\ultsf] af/d] f ljBfyL{ dfq} ;fjwfg eP k'U5 . O= tnsf k|Zgx¿sf] pQ/ bp] m M != ;T;ªu\\ ltn] dflg;nfO{ s:tf] agfp5F < @= ;T;ª\\ultn] s]s] s'/f l;sfPsf] x'G5 < #= lsg ;ªu\\ tsf] af/]df xf]l;of/ xg' k' b{5 < $= sg' pd/] a9L ;+j]bgzLn pd/] xf] < %= s'g pd]/ ;dx\" sf afnaflnsfx¿ ;fyLkl| t a9L ljZjf; u5g{ \\ < ;'gfO ;Lk -ki[ 7 @@) df lbOPsf] cgR' 5b] _ lzIfsaf6 jf l;8Laf6 ;g' / tnsf sfo{x¿ u/ M != tnsf kZ| gx¿sf] PsPs jfSodf pQ/ nv] M s= g]kfnL zAbsfz] n] stJ{ o zAbnfO{ s;/L kl/eflift u/]sf] 5 < ;g' ufef gk] fnL z[ª\\vnf sIff & 91

v= dflg; ;fdflhs kf| 0fL ePsf] ;fys{ tf s;/L xG' 5 < u= s:tf] ljrf/nfO{ ;ªs\\ L0f{ ljrf/ elgG5 < 3= cfkm\" ;Fu k9\\g] ;fyL lalu|g nfUof] eg] s] ugk'{ 5{ < ª= s:tf] dflg; kH\" o / :d/0fLo x'G5 < @= sf]i7saf6 vfnL 7fpFdf 7Ls zAb e/ M s_ ====================== sf] cy{ bfloTj jf lhDdj] f/L xf] . -stJ{ o, ;dfh_ v_ cfÇgf] b]zsf] sfg'gsf] kfngf ug{' dflg;sf] ====================== stJ{ o xf] . -bf;] |f,] klxnf]_ u_ ;dfhdf bl] vg] ljsl[ t lj;ªu\\ ltx¿sf] lj?4 ====================== p7fpg'k5{ . -l/;, cfjfh_ 3_ ====================== ljrf/ ePsf] dflg; slxNo} cl3 a9g\\ ;Sbg} . -;ª\\sL0f{, v'nf_ ª_ c¿sf] ====================== ;f]r/] /dfpg] dflg; v/fa dflg; xf] . -se' nf, enf_] Jofs/0f ;Lk et\" sfn / To;sf kIfx¿ s_ ;fdfGo e\"t ;fdfGo et\" n] sg' } klg sfd e\"t sfndf jf lats] f] ;dodf ePsf] hfgsf/L ub{5 . o;df lj|mofdf P,“ of“}, O;,\\ of}, g'eof], of,] O{, Og\\, P cflb hfl] 8G5g\\ . d}n] sfd u/F] . xfdLn] vfgf vfof“} . tn}F ] dL7f] uLt ufO;\\ . pxfFn] vfgf vfge' of] . pgLx¿n] l;g]df x]/] . pm d;' 'Ss xf“:of] . v_ ck0\" f{ et\" ck0\" f{ kIfn] sfd k/\" f gePsf] hgfp5“ . lat]sf] ;dodf cyft{ \\ et\" sfndf sg' } sfd rn]sf] t/ k\"/f gePsf] a¹' fpg] lj|mofsf] cj:yf ck0\" f{ et\" xf] . ck\"0f{ kIfsf] ljm| ofdf t} jf b} hfl] 8G5 . ck0\" f{ et\" df eg] t÷} b} sf] k5fl8 lyP,“ lyof}“, lyO;,\\ lyof,} lyof,] lyO{ cflb cfp5“ g\\ . 92 ;'gufef gk] fnL z[ª\\vnf sIff &

d dfdf3/ hfFb} lyPF . xfdL /fd|f] sfd ub{} lyofF} . tF lxhf] xfd|f] 3/ cfpFb} lyO;\\ . ltdL /fdfo0f jfrg ub}{ lyof} . u_ k0\" f{ e\"t et\" sfndf sg' } sfd ;'¿ eP/ k/\" f klg ePsf] a¹' fpg] lj|mofsf] cj:yfnfO{ k\"0f{ et\" elgG5 . k0\" f{ kIfdf lj|mofdf Psf]÷PsL÷ Psf hfl] 8G5 . k0\" f{ e\"t sfndf Psf÷] PsL÷Psf hf]l8Psf] zAbsf] k5fl8 et\" sfn hgfpg] lyP,“ lyof,“} lyO;,\\ lyof} cflb cfp5“ g\\ . dn} ] gofF kf7 klg k9s] f] lyPF . pgn] dnfO{ cfÇgf] 3/df afn] fPsf lyP . xfdLn] lxdfn b]v]sf lyof}F . tkfO{n+ ] vfgf vfge' Psf] lyof] . 3_ c1ft et\" e\"t sfndf sg' } sfd ;DkGg ePsf] t/ To;sf] af/d] f jtd{ fgdf dfq hfgsf/L ePsf] a¹' fpg] lj|mofsf] cj:yf c1ft e\"t xf] . c1ft et\" sf ljm| of wft'df P5,' P5fF}, P5;,\\ P5f}, ge' P5, P5, O5], O5g\\, P5g\\ hfl] 8P/ aG5g\\ . dn} ] t lstfa Nofpg e';'Ss} la;5{] ' . xfdLn] k/LIffdf /fd|f] cªs\\ NofP5fF} . tn}F ] klg u?' af6 :ofaf;L kfP5;\\ . ltdLn] k'/:sf/ kfP5f} . ª_ cEo:t e\"t lats] f] ;dodf afgLsf] ¿kdf /xs] f] jf klxn] x'g] t/ clxn] gxg' ] sfdsf] cj:yf a¹' fpg] et\" sfnsf] kIfnfO{ cEo:t et\" elgG5 . cEo:t e\"tsf] ljm| of wft'df yF,] Yof,F} ly;\\, Yof,} g'xG' Yof], Yof], yL, y] hfl] 8G5g\\ . d ;fgf]df lgs} rsrs uy{]F . xfdL ldn]/ sfd uYof}{F . tF lgs} ;fgf]df dL7f] uLt ufpFly;\\ . ltdL dn} ] egs] f] v?' v'? dfGYof} . != l5d]sL syfaf6 jtd{ fg / e\"tsfnsf bzbz j6f ljm| ofkb vfh] /] nv] . @= ck0\" f{ e\"t sfnsf bz jfSodf cfk\"mn] eljiodf ug{] sfdsf] j0fg{ u/ . #= sfi] 7sdf lbOPsf] ;ªs\\ t] sf] ;xfotfn] jfSo kl/jtg{ u/ M s_ ;fl] gsf uLt ufp5F ] . -;fdfGo e\"t sfn_ v_ gt] f rsf{] :j/df efif0f u5g{ \\ . -ck\"0f{ et\" sfn_ ;g' ufef gk] fnL zª[ \\vnf sIff & 93

u_ xsa{ xfb/' xnf] hfT] 5 . -cEo:t et\" sfn_ 3_ g]kfnLx¿ ;v' kfpF5g\\ . -;fdfGo e\"t sfn_ ª_ u?' klg gfRgx' G' 5 . -c1ft et\" sfn_ r_ t“n} ] s] vfO;\\ < -k\"0f{ e\"t sfn_ 5_ a'af sfdaf6 cfpg'xG' 5 . -ck\"0f{ et\" sfn_ h_ d ¹f]nf af]S5' . -cEo:t et\" sfn_ ¹_ lgd{nfn] efOnfO{ lr7L n]vL . -c1ft et\" sfn_ `_ tkfO+{ sxf“ k'Ugx' 'G5 < -k0\" f{ e\"t sfn_ 6_ ltdLn] Jofs/0f k9o\\ f} . -ck0\" f{ et\" sfn_ l;h{gfTds ;Lk lzIfsaf6 ;g' M  ;ªu\\ t syfdf Pp6} sIffdf k9g\\ ] ;fyLnfO{ ;fx] L sIffsf cGo ;fyLx¿n] u/]sf] g/fd|f] Jojxf/nfO{ bv] fOPsf] 5 . ljBfnodf egf{ ePsf] gofF ljBfyL{sf] nxn} xd} f nfu/] lbuDa/ / p;sf ;fyLn] cfÇg} sIffsL ;fyL bLkfjnLnfO{ g/fdf| ] Jojxf/ ug{ k'u]sf 5g\\ . pgLx¿sf] g/fd|f] Jojxf/n] ubf{ sIffdf ky| d xg' ] bLkfjnL ljBfno 5f8] g\\ afWo ePsL 5] . cfk\"mn] ljBfno 5f]8]/ uP klg bLkfjnL / pgsL cfdfn] lbuDa/sf cleefjsnfO{ lbuDa/ s'ntdf km:g nfus] f] hfgsf/L u/fpgfn] lbuDa/ / p;sf ;fyLx¿ sn' tdf km:gaf6 ar]sf 5g\\ . o:tf 36gfx¿ ltdLx¿sf] hLjgdf klg cfpg ;S5g\\ . cyjf o; k|sf/sf 36gfx¿ ltdLn] st} ;'g]sf klg xg' ;S5f} .  cfÇgf] j/k/ 36]sf] sg' } 36gfnfO{ cfwf/ agfP/ syf nV] g ;lsG5 . syf nV] bf ;ae} Gbf klxnf ljifosf] 5gf]6 ug{'k5{ . Tof] ljifodf ;x' fpg] s]xL kfqx¿sf] sNkgf ug{k' 5{ . To;kl5 ljifoj:tn' fO{ tL kfqsf dfWodaf6 cufl8 a9fpg'k5{ . o;/L syf nV] bf syfsf] cf/De, To;sf] ljsf; tyf cGTo s;/L ug]{ eGg] s/' fsf] of]hgf agfpgk' 5{ . kfqx¿nfO{ s'/fsfgL ug{ nufP/, cfkmn}F ] pgLx¿sf] s/' f eg]/ jf ;f]¹} j0fg{ u/]/ klg syf nl] vG5 . 94 ;g' ufef g]kfnL z[ª\\vnf sIff &

!= ltdLn] hfg]sf] sg' } ;fdflhs syf nv] /] b]vfpm . @= tnsf a'Fbfx¿sf] cfwf/df syf nv] M sg' } ufpFdf Pp6f cToGt nf]eL dflg; xg' ' ====== p;n] slxNo} cfÇgf xftaf6 s;n} fO{ s]xL glbg' ===== ;wF} xft yfKgdf pm ljVoft xg' ' ===== Ps lbg cFWof/f]df lxF8b\\ f crfgs Tof] nf]eL dflg; ulx/f] vf8ndf v:g' ====== ufpnF ] hDdf x'g' ===== p;nfO{ aflx/ Nofpg p;sf] xft dfUg' ===== xft dfly kfg{ gvfH] g' ==== Pp6f rnfv JolQmn] nf} d]/f] xft ;dfpm egL xft lbg' ====== nf]eLn] p;sf] xft ;dfpg' ====== ufpFnx] ¿n] p;nfO{ aflx/ tfGg' ===== JolQmn] lng dfq xfO] g, lbg klg hfGgk' g]{ ;Gb]z kfOg' . jf:tljs gfd pkgfd jf:tljs gfd pkgfd /fd]Zj/k|;fb rfln;] /d]z ljsn jf;'bj] nO' 6]n et\" sf] legfh' lji0f'sd' f/L jfOaf kfl/hft e\"kG] bd| fg z]/rg e\"kL z]/rg rt] dfgl;x+ e08f/L dg' af| hfsL sz] j/fh nfld5fg] s]zj/fh lkF8fnL si[ 0fk|;fb e§/fO{ s[i0f w/fjf;L uf]ljGbaxfb'/ dNn uf7] fn] k|bLksd' f/ /fO{ Jofs'n dfOnf ltnljj|md g]Djfª j/} fuL sfOnF f /fdZ] j/ /fpt dft[bf; tf/fgfy zdf{ tfgf zdf{ ;g' ufef gk] fnL zª[ \\vnf sIff & 95

kf7 * l;4fy{sf] s?0ff gf6s – /dz] ljsn tnsf jfSox¿ cfjfh lgsfn/] ;an} ] k9 M dn} ] t cfh dg{ nfus] f] s's/' nfO{ arfPF lg . r/fnfO{ un' ]nLn] gxfg x} . l;4fyn{ ] /fd|f pkb]z lbGy] . v/fa dflg;nfO{ zfGt;Fu ;D¹fpg'k5{ . 96 ;g' ufef g]kfnL zª[ \\vnf sIff &

tnsf k|Zgx¿sf] pQ/ eg M d ltdLn] l;4fys{ f] syf ;'g]sf 5f} < d l;4fy{ s;/L uf}td a4' ags] f lyP < d clx+;f egs] f] s] xf] < d xToflx+;fnfO{ lsg kfk elgPsf] xf] < d v/fa sfd ug]{nfO{ xfdLn] s;/L ;D¹fpgk' 5{ < tnsf jfSox¿ cfjfh lgsfn/] k9 M d cfxf ¤ uft} d a4' sf pkbz] t slt w]/} pQd /x5] g\\ . d l;4fy{ uf}tdn] 7n\" f] tk:of u//] uft} d a4' ag]sf /x]5g\\ . d l;4fy{ c¿sf] b'Mvdf klg bM' vL x'Gy] . d clx;+ f g} ;ae} Gbf 7\"nf] wd{ xf] . d bof / dfof ;+;f/sf] ;a}eGbf 7\"nf] wd{ xf] . d xfdLnfO{ h:t} c¿ k|f0fLnfO{ klg kL8f xG' 5 eg/] a'ˆgk' 5{ . d c;n dflg; OZ{ j/;dfg ;DdfggLo x'G5 . ;'gufef g]kfnL z[ª\\vnf sIff & 97

;Fu}sf] t:jL/ /d]z ljsnsf] xf] . ;fdflhs tyf dgf]j}1flgs syfsf/ /dz] ljsn -lj=;=+ !(*%–@)^%_ gk] fnL ;flxTosf kl| ;4 cfVofgsf/ xg' \\ . pgsf ‘gofF ;8ssf] uLt’, ‘cfh kml] / csf{] tGgf km]l/G5’, ‘Pp6f a9\" f] EjfOlng cfzfa/Lsf] w'gdf’, ‘pldn{ f efph’\" , ‘zj, ;flns / ;x;| a'4’ h:tf syf;ªu\\ |xx¿ ks| flzt 5g\\ . pgsf syfdf afndgfl] j1fgsf] ;kmn ko| fu] ePsf] kfOG5 . l;4fy{sf] s?0ff gfds syfdf eujfg\\ uf}td a4' sf] bofn' :jefjsf] rrf{ ul/Psf] 5 . /fhs'df/ l;4fy{ afNosfnb]lv g} lgs} bofn' :jefjsf lyP . pgL sg' } klg kf| 0fLkl| t ul/g] lx+;fnfO{ ;xg ;Sbg} y] . ;a} ;hLj k|f0fLsf] cfTdf Pp6} xf] eGg] pgsf] wf/0ff lyof] . o; gf6sdf pgsf sfsfsf 5f]/f bj] bQn] Pp6f xfF;nfO{ dfg{ vf]Hbf l;4fyn{ ] s;/L arfPsf 5g\\ eGg] s'/f bv] fOPsf] 5 . ltdL klg tnsf] gf6s k9 / yk s'/f yfxf kfO/fv . kfqx¿ l;4fy{ M slknj:t'sf /fhsd' f/, pd/] ;f]x| jif{ bj] bQ M l;4fys{ f sfsfsf 5f]/f, pd/] kGw| jif{ z'4fw] g M slknj:ts' f u0f/fhf c¿ M dGqL, k'/]t, k|x/L cflb ;do M lbgsf] t;] f| ] k|x/ -Pp6f /fdf| ] auF}rf . cgs] kmn\" sf af]6x¿, kmnsf la?jfx¿ . auFr} fsf df¹df Pp6f /fd|f] kfv] /L . kfv] /Ldf sdnx¿ kml' n/fv]sf, rf/l} t/ ;ªu\\ dd{/ 9ª' \\ufsf l;9F Lx¿ ag]sf . rf/ ;'/df rf/ j6f :kml6s dl\" t{af6 kmf]xf]/f 5'6s] f . kf]v/Lsf] lsgf/sf] l;9F Ldf /fhsd' f/ l;4fy{ / bj] bQ al;/x]sf . glhs}sf] ¿vsf] kmb] df bj] bQsf] wg' / t/s; c8o\\ fO/fvs] f] . bj] bQn] cfÇgf ;hu cfFvf rf/}lt/ 3d' fO/xs] f] t/ /fhsd' f/ l;4fy{ Ps6s kfgLdf x]//] WofgdUg . b]jbQ slxn] 9'ª\\uf l6k]/ kf]v/Ldf lxsf{pF5 . kf]v/Lsf] kfgL vnalnG5, To;df k/s] f] 5fof ljst[ aG5 . bj] bQ xf:F 5 ._ b]jbQ M bfO ¤ ===s'df/ ¤ x]g{'xf];\\, kfgLleq 5fof s;/L l5GgleGg ePsf] . === -l;4fys{ f] Wofg eªu\\ x'Fb}g . b]jbQ cldnf] d'v nfP/ k/k/ x]5{ . cs:dft\\ p;sf cfFvf kfv] /Lsf] csf{] 5p] df kfgLdf kf8} g nfu]sf] Pp6f xfF;df k5g{ \\ . cfFvf rDsG5g\\ . pm ¿vsf] kmb] af6 wg'jf0f p7fP/ jf0f r9fP/ a8f] rfn df/]/ xfF;lt/ a9\\5 . l;4fy{sf] Wofg eªu\\ xG' 5 ._ 98 ;'gufef gk] fnL zª[ \\vnf sIff &

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