English 4 part 1

If you were able to plot your answers like the one shown in the second table, Congratulationsto you!! Surely, you are ready for the next activity.Write Thing In what way can you freely express your thoughts, feelings and observations? Why, bywriting a reflective journal, of course. Make a copy of this reflective journal in your notebook. Thenanswer the questions honestly. Reflective Journal Name : _____________________________________ School :______________________________________  What do I think or feel about the cloning of human beings?  What did I learn about cloning?  What ideas are particularly significant for me? Why? 17

Skills Enhancer Read the following lines from an anonymously written poem entitled “Little by Little”. Thenanswer the questions that follow. “Little by little,” said a thoughtful boy “Each precious moment I will employ And always this role in my mind shall dwell, Whatever I do, I’ll do it well.” “Little by little, I’ll learn to know, The treasured wisdom of long ago, And sometimes perhaps, the world will be Happier and better because of me.” From: Communication Skills I by: J. Gabriel & E. Martires, p. 104Comprehension Check 1. What does the boy resolve to do? 2. What does he hope to accomplish? 3. What is meant by “the treasured wisdom of long ago”? 4. How does he intend to learn the treasured wisdom of long ago?Think about this. With your wealth of knowledge, how can you make this world happier and better? Think wellbefore you answer. Be very specific. Don’t forget to write all your answers in your notebook.Now check your answers.Self-check 1. To perform his role in life well. 2. To contribute to a happier and better world. 3. It means the lessons learned by people throughout history which they passed on to us. 4. Slowly but thoughtfully. 18

Speaking Practice When you give your opinion, you surely share your personal beliefs, understanding, feeling,thoughts and views about a certain idea or issue. There are appropriate expressions that signalopinion. Read the following dialog and pick out expressions used when giving an opinion.Activity 1 Cita : What do you find interesting? Elmo: I like to say I’m in an unending search for greater knowledge of this universe, and for wisdom to apply that knowledge well. Cita : That sounds serious. What exactly do you mean by that? Elmo: What I mean is that knowledge becomes useful only if you apply it according to the will of God. Cita : I suppose you also mean that we have to use our talents to become what we want to be, and to bring others to God. Elmo: Exactly! I also believe that true knowledge or wisdom is not only brain-based but it is also heart-based. Cita : Wow! You’re becoming more philosophical . That reminds me of “ what the mind can’t see, the heart can understand.” Elmo: Right! To my mind, it is important to use both mind and heart in everything we do. Cita: I agree with you wholeheartedly.Self-checkDid you pick out these expressions? They all signal opinion. 1. I like to say …. 2. What I mean…. 3. I also believe…. 4. I suppose…….. 5. To my mind…. 19

Activity 2 Look closely at the expressions written on the leaves. Consider which are useful in givingopinion. Copy them in your notebook.I wish accordingly I feel I would like to believeThe fact that eventually The truth isLet me As far as I can If I maypoint out I know say that saySelf-checkSee if you wrote these expressions which are used when giving an opinion.1. I feel…. 4. As far as I know….2. I can say that… 5. Let me point out….3. If I may say…. 6. I would like to believe….Here’s another exercise.Activity 3Add details to complete each expression.1. As I see it, knowledge is __________.2. I believe that each person _________.3. We can feel that wealth ___________.4. People think life _________________.5. I can say that wisdom ____________. 20

Self-checkHere are possible answers. However, answers may vary. 1. As I see it, knowledge is important. 2. I believe that each person possesses knowledge. 3. We can feel that wealth gives joy. 4. People think life can be exciting. 5. I can say that wisdom is a key to a better life.Keep in Mind Here are additional expressions that signal opinion: • In my opinion… • If you ask me… • I’d like to say this… • Speaking for myself… • From my experience… • As far as I’m concerned…This part aims to enrich your vocabulary. Take a close look at two-word verbs with put..Everyday Expressions This part aims to enrich your vocabulary. Take a closer look at how the meaning of familiarwords change when they are put together. Take the verb put. It means to place or cause to be in a certain place, or condition. But itsmeaning changes when prepositions are added to it. To put down can mean to write as in Put downyour suggestion in writing.Activity 1 Study these sentences. Give the meaning of each italicized two-word verb. Use the back-to-front formation of letters as clues. 1. A wise man doesn’t put on a mask. (RAEW) 2. He puts across the spiritual value of knowledge. (SEZISAHPME) 3. They will put up a foundation to help the poor. (DLIUB) 4. I can’t imagine how I can put you through all these difficulties in life. (EVLOVNI) 5. Let’s put off our trip. (LECNAC / OTNPESPO) 6. You need to put out your talents. (WOHS) 7. We should never put down anyone even if he or she lacks knowledge. (TUNLIS) 21

Self-checkWere you able to solve the letter puzzle? Check your answers.1. wear 6. show2. emphasizes 7. insult3. build4. involve5. cancel/postponeActivity 2Here’s another practice on the two-word verbs you’ve learned. Answer the following questions by using the boxed two-word verbs. Express your answers incomplete sentences.1. What do you do when you can’t put out your real feelings to others?2. Why can’t you put off your date with your friend?3. What do you put on when you want to hide your feelings?4. When do you wish to put others through trials?5. How can one put up a small business?Self-check Your answers may begin like this 1. When I can’t put out my real feelings, I write them in my journal. 2. I can’t put off my date with my friend because _______________. 3. I put on ___________________ when I want to hide my feelings. 4. I wish to put others through trials when they ________________. 5. One can put up a small business by _____________________________. Now that you’re done with the reading and vocabulary portion of this module, you can nowproceed to the next part of this module, which is Grammar.GRAMMAR By this time, you already know that one way to learn a language is to see how the words aregrouped together in a sentence, and what specific functions they have in the sentence. Do theseactivities. 22

Activity 1Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow in complete sentences. There is life we gain from wisdom There is wisdom we gain from knowledge There is knowledge we get from information There are lots of information we get from other people. There are blessings of God for us to appreciate. All these for our breath! 1. What important word is formed by putting together all the boxed letters in the passage? 2. What do we gain from knowledge? 3. Why do we appreciate these blessings? 4. What do we gain from wisdom?Self-check 1. The word is wealth. 2. We gain wisdom from knowledge. 3. They are important in our life. 4. We gain life from wisdom.Activity 2 Now, it’s time to take a closer look at Sentences 1, 2, 3, and 4. Then, answer the followingquestions. 1. Compare the entries in Sentences 1 and 3 to Sentences 2 and 4. Which pair of sentences follow these patterns: a. Subject – Linking verb – Complement (S-LV-C) b. Subject – Transitive verb – Direct object S-TV-DO) 2. What is a linking verb? 3. What words follow and complete the meaning of a linking verb? How do we call them? 4. When do we say a verb is transitive? 5. What do we call a noun or pronoun that follows a transitive verb? 23

Self-check 1. a. Sentences 1 and 3 follow the S-LV-C pattern. b. Sentences 2 and 4 follow the S-TV-DO pattern. 2. A linking verb links the subject to the rest of the words in the predicate. 3. Noun, pronoun and adjective. They are called complements 4. A verb is transitive if it transfers / transmits the action from the doer (subject) to the receiver (direct object) 5. A noun or a pronoun that follows a transitive verb is called a direct object. Keep In Mind! • Two of the common basic sentence patterns are 1. S-LV-C pattern 2. S-TV-DO pattern • Linking verbs like is, are, was, were, am, etc. join a subject to a noun, pronoun or adjective used as complements. • Complement is a noun, pronoun or adjective that completes the meaning of a linking verb. • Transitive verb is a verb that needs a direct object. • Direct object is a noun or pronoun that directly receives the action of a transitive verb. It answers the question “What?” or “Who?”Try these exercises to see how well you understood the sentence patterns.Activity 3 Respond to the first sentence like the example given. She works in a factory. So, she’s a factory worker. 1. He directs a T.V. show. So, he’s a ________________. 2. Ampy manufactures garments. So _______________________. 3. Jun repairs watches. _________________________. 4. She designs dresses. _________________________. 5. Barbara Cartland wrote novels. ________________________. 24

Self-check 1. So, he’s a TV director. 2. So, she’s a garment manufacturer. 3. So, he’s a watch repairman. 4. So, she’s a fashion designer. 5. So, she’s a novelistActivity 4 This time, try this! Respond to the questions like the examples given. A: The human body is two-thirds water. Is this true? B: Yes, it is a fact. X: Movies are the most popular entertainment. Is this true? Y: It is only an opinion. 1. Smoking is dangerous to health. Is this true? 2. High school is more enjoyable than elementary school. Do you believe this? 3. Beauty is in the eyes of the beholder. Do you believe this? 4. Whoever invented the computer is a genius. What do you think? 5. Coconut is the tree of life. Is this true?Self-check1. It is true 4. I think it is true. To my mind,….2. I believe that…. 5. It is truly…..3. To my mind….Here’s a matching exercise for you to do now.Activity 5Match the two columns to form sentences A B1. She ate a. sign language2. The police arrested b. their actions3. We saw c. a whole pizza4. They regretted d. the movie twice5. He interprets e. the troublemakers 25

Self-check 1. She ate a whole pizza pie. 2. The police arrested the troublemakers. 3. We saw the movie twice. 4. They regretted their actions. 5. He interprets sign language.For your last exercise in grammar, do this.Activity 6 Complete the entries of the following mini-dialogs.1. A. Does Butch know you? B. Yes, he knows me.2. A. Do you consider your teachers strict? B. Yes, I consider ________________________.3. A. Does Miss San Luis give high grades? B. No, Miss San Luis_________________.4. A. Did the chairman appoint a secretary? B. No, ________________________.5. A. Do you share your knowledge? B. Sure, I…Self-checkHere are possible answers to Activity 6. However you may have other answers similar to these.2. B. Yes, I consider them strict but reasonable.3. B. No, Miss San Luis is not generous with her grades.4. B. No, the Chairman didn’t appoint a secretary. The group chose the club’s secretary.5. B. Sure. I always share my knowledge.Now, get your reflective journal and practice writing again. Let’s say that you are having a casual talk with your best friend about the wealth ofknowledge that you have gained in and out of school. What will you tell your friend? Write what you’ll say to your best friend. Use the questions below as guide. 26

Guide Questions:1. Can you say that you have acquired a wealth of knowledge at this point in your life? Why do your say so?2. What does your wealth of knowledge consist of?3. What else do you want to add to your wealth of knowledge?4. How can it help you succeed in life?5. How can your wealth of knowledge help build a better world? Wow! You’re done with the exercises in this module. Congratulations for trying your best.Now do the Posttest to see how well you understood the lessons.PosttestI. Reading and Vocabulary Read the following portion of an interview made by a radio announcer to a very proudmother. Find out why she is so proud of her son. Then write the letter of the word/phrase that best fitseach incomplete sentence.Announcer: Welcome, Mrs. Dina Alejo. We’re happy you were able to make it here.Mrs. Calma: The pleasure is mine.Announcer: You look like a very proud mother of a boy genius, Paolo Alejo. First of all, Happy Mother’s Day!Mrs. Calma: Thank you!Announcer: Say, you’ve done a good job bringing up such a creative and super smart kid. What do you love most about Paolo?Mrs. Alejo: The way he puts across his ideas. He does not only tell you his ideas but also why he thinks that way. He can be talkative you know. At ten he can talk aboutAnnouncer: a lot of topics at length. I can’t wait to have him in this program. When he was younger, what signs didMrs. Alejo: he show that he’s very intelligent? When he was five, we took him to the hospital because of his cough. He toldAnnouncer: us that someday, no children will go to the hospital anymore because he would invent a kind of medicine that would keep them healthy all the time.Mrs. Alejo: I think that’s remarkable. He’s really way ahead of his time. He has a clearAnnouncer: vision of his future.Mrs. Alejo: He feels he is responsible for other people, as well. Wow! That’s wisdom beyond his years. What does he want to be? He wants to be a doctor and scientist. 27

Announcer: Did he say why?Mrs. Alejo: He says he wants to discover a drug that will cure cancer?Announcer: Wow! I do hope I live long to see that day.Mrs. Alejo: It’s not his intelligence that makes him special. He’s only ten years old but he understands that his gift is from God, and therefore, he has to use it for the good of others.1. The announcer invited Mrs. Alejo to his __________.a. house c. programb. office d. meeting2. The conversation was about __________ . c. wisdom a. Paolo d. Mrs. Alejo b. Mother’s Day3. It can be concluded that the mother’s statements were based on __________a. opinion c. factsb. propaganda d. hearsay4. The word that in “ I think that’s remarkable” refers toa. what the boy said. c. what the announcer said.b what the mother thought of his son. d. what the boy had achieved.5. The announcer shows a/an ________ attitude towards Mrs. Alejo. a. appreciative b. grateful c. supportive d. understanding6. Mrs. Alejo believes her son Paolo is special because of his __________ .a. age. c. looks.b. wisdom. d. creativity.7. One expression that clearly signals opinion is __________.a. say c. Wow!b. I can’t wait d. I think8. The expression that means “to cause to be understood” isa. bring up c. way aheadb. help out d. put across9. The word remarkable means the same as __________.a. creative c. extraordinaryb. different d. special 28

10. The statement, “ Say, you’ve done a good job bringing up such a creative and super smart kid ”is a/an __________.a. fact c. opinionb. fiction d. propagandaII. Critical Thinking Read each sentence carefully. Determine if the statement is based on FACT, FICTION,PROPAGANDA or OPINION. Write the complete words or labels. 1. The first man and woman sprang out of the bamboos. 2. Legends are stories of long ago. 3. I believe that human cloning will do more harm than good. 4. Your baby deserves the best and the best is Proped.III. Grammar Choose the word or group of words that completes each statement from the word pool below. A critical thinker ___(1)___ to see the difference between fact and opinion. He maintains an___(2)___ about people and issues. He ___(3)___ analytical, too. He ___(4)___ meaningfulrelationships applies his knowledge to situations in life. His knowledge is ___(5)___. his wealth discovers open mind is attemptsSelf-check 6. b 7. dI. Reading 8. d 9. c 1. c 10. c 2. a 3. c 4. a 5. a 29

II. Critical Thinking 1. Fiction 2. Fact 3. Opinion 4. PropagandaIII. GrammarCheck your answers against these:1. attempts (a transitive verb that indicates the action performed by the doer “critical thinker”.)2. open mind (direct object of the transitive verb maintains.)3. is (linking verb that joins the subject “He” to the rest of the words in the predicate.)4. discovers5. his wealth (completes the meaning of the linking verb “is” and tells something about the subject “his knowledge”.) Hats off to you for finishing this module. So, how did you fare in the Posttest. The ideal, ofcourse, is a perfect score, but if you got a much higher score than the Pretest, that’s great.Now, you’re ready for the next module. You have just finished your first module for Unit I. It is hoped that it has helped you becomean enlightened and resourceful learner. The next module will help you learn how to learn more fromdifferent sources. 30

Before you put aside this module, spend some time reflecting on what you have learned fromit. Use this format in your reflective journal. Check the column that best describes your feeling aboutthe activities you did. For the last column, give your reason. What I think of the activities in this module How I liked themThings I Did (Just fine) (Not so much (Very much) because)What I liked best 31

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Module 2 Learning to LearnOverview Learning starts on the day we are born. Our naturalcapacity to understand the things around us is alreadyevident at the early stages of our lives. As infants, we havethe tendency to reach out to touch an object and see what’sin it. As grown-ups, we extend our curiosity into an evenmore formal way of understanding things. Our capacitymay be limited at certain stage in our lives but the patternof learning is the same. Every situation in life is a learningsituation where interest is what makes us aware of manythings and effort is what makes us understand them. We start to be curious of the things around us by not limiting ourselves with what we already know but much more with the things that we do not know yet. Through this, we discover our weaknesses and of course, the talents and potentials that we have. But how do we learn all that we want to know? It is not only through the power of mental ability, but more importantly through self- discipline. If a person does not possess the positive attitude that he can achieve the things that he wants, he will not be successful in a lot of things that he does. Great men in history have proven that it is notmental intelligence alone that made them successful -Shakespeare, Darwin, da Vinci, and others proved thatlooking at the bright side of things makes learning smoothand easy. Therefore, it is not the end of learning but theprocess itself, which becomes a reward to anybody wholooks forward to the merit of learning. 1

Objectives After working on the activities in this module, you will be able to : 1. get the meaning of words through definition clues 2. derive meaning of words through structural analysis 3. note significant details 4. make inferences and predictions 5. infer character’s attitudes and motives 6. state the theme of the story 7. use the imperative sentence in a. asking and giving directions and suggestions b. following written directions c. making requests and commands 8. use idioms with call in effective sentences 9. write a personal reflection on how you learn thingsInstructions 1. Do not write anything on this module as several students will be using it. Do all your work in your notebook. Be sure to label your work by the module number and title. Keep a separate notebook for your Reflective Journal. 2. Read each section carefully. If you have not read the first two sections, go over them first. 3. Each module begins with a brief introduction or Overview followed by a list of Objectives you are expected to learn. 4. Before working on the activities, answer the Pretest first. Find out how well you did by checking your answer against the answers given under the Self-check of the pretest. 5. As you work on the activities, try to relate them to the objectives of this module. What skill or strategy does the activity develop? 6. After each activity go over the Self-check that follows to find out how well you fared in that activity. Pay attention to the items you missed. Learn from your mistakes. 7. After working on all the activities take the Posttest. 2

PretestI. Vocabulary:Read the meaning of the following prefixes and suffixes.Prefixes Meaning Suffixes Meaningil-, in-, im- not -en cause to bemis- bad, wrong -ous having the quality ofnon- not, the absence ofre- again Complete each pair of sentences by adding a prefix or suffix to the underlined word in each sentence. Choose the correct prefix or suffix. Use context clues in the sentences and the meaning of the affix to help you. 1. The children are usually very active . When it started to rain, however, they had to come inside and be _______. 2. Inside, they had to stop running around. Outside, they had been able to run _______. 3. Erin was direct when she asked some classmates for help. She was usually more _______. 4. She asked Lyn to print the names on the Living Museum invitations. She asked her not to __________ any of the names. 5. Lyn used the telephone book to spell each name correctly. She did not want to _______ even one. 6. Jessie wanted to keep his senses sharp. He tried to _____ his senses by staying alert. 7. He knew they might face danger on the trip. He knew the trip might be ________. 8. Allen opened the cook book again to read what should go into the cake. He _____ it to the right page 9. Another word for moving is mobile. An ________object is not moving.II. Reading Read the story below. Because of an accident, Tita could not move her arms and legs. Now she was one of the lucky students who would learn to operate a special computer by speaking to it. Tita felt nervous when she saw her new teacher come down the hall toward the computer laboratory. But she really wanted to learn how to use this computer. 3

When she saw how thick the instruction book was, Tita felt slightlydiscouraged. There would be so much to learn! Then she listened carefully toMiss Duran. She watched every step shown to her. Tita studied the pictures in thebook and asked a lot of questions. Finally, Tita figured out a step all by herself. She felt proud when thecomputer responded to her voice. “Very good!” exclaimed Miss Duran with asmile. “You’ve done it , Tita!” After reading the story, complete the character trait map below by writing phrasesin the story that show each trait.10. determined 11. curious12. clever Tita 13. observant Now answer the questions that follow.14.. Who is Miss Duran? _______________________________________________________________15. How did Tita feel about learning to use the computer? ________________________________________________________________ 4

16. Why was Tita discouraged to learn the special computer? _________________________________________________________________17. What do you think will happen if Miss Duran shows Tita a new computer program? _________________________________________________________________C. Grammar 1. Directions: Read the following sentences carefully .Write I if the sentence isimperative and X if it is not._____a. Will you please do your assignment before you go to school?_____b. If you study your lessons, you’ll learn more._____c. Learning takes more than just going to class and doing homework._____d. Learn to keep your attention focused on the activity at hand._____e. Did you ever fall asleep while reviewing your notes?_____f. Study and review your lessons over a period of time._____g. Don’t stop reading your notes._____h. Please bring these books to the Reading Center.2. Directions : Analyze the following sentences. From the word pool below, write thenumber of the use of the imperative sentences:1.To give instructions 2. To make a request 3. To make a command 4. To give a warning 5. To show annoyance____a. Turn to the next street.____b. Run!____c. Get away from me!____d. Take this card to the front desk, please.____e. Don’t move! You’re under arrest.Self-checkLet’s see how you fared in this test. Go over your work and check your answers.A. Vocabulary: 1. inactive 6. sharpen 2. non stop 7. dangerous 3. indirect 8. reopened 4. misprint 9. immobile 5. misspell 5

B. Reading10. a. She really wanted to learn how to use this computer. b. She listened completely.11. Tita studied the pictures in the book and asked a lot of questions.12. Tita figured out a step all by herself.13. She watched every step shown to her.14. Mrs. Duran is Tita’s new teacher who encouraged her to operate the special computer on her own.15. She was nervous to operate the special computer.16. Tita was discouraged seeing how thick the book instruction was.17. I think Tita would still be able to learn a new computer program because of her determination to learn and her cleverness.C. Grammar f. I 2. a. 1 1. a. I g. I b. 3 b. X h. I c. 5 c. X d. 2 d. I 3. 4 e. X Did you get a perfect score? If you did, that’s great. If not, read carefully and tryto understand the explanations and information about the topic in the activities that willfollow.Words Unlocked Words are very important. They help us communicate with each other. They helpus give out information. And they help us take the information in. Words are tools peopleuse. Learning the use and meaning of words in English can be made easier andenjoyable if you know how some words are formed. Forming words can be done byaffixing or adding a prefix or a suffix to the stem or root of a word. A prefix is a wordpart added at the beginning of the stem. A suffix is a word part added at the end of thestem.Example: uncomfortable stem: comfort prefix: un- (“not”) suffix: -able (“capable of, fit”) uncomfortable means not at ease, uneasy 6

Now, look at the words in the table below. These words are taken from the storyyou are about to read. Identify the root word and affix in each. Tell whether the affix is aprefix or suffix. The first word is done for you.1. joyful ROOT WORD AFFIX CLASSIFICATION2. seriously joy -ful suffix3. monotone4. whittler5. patiently6. achievementSelf-checkFind out how you fared . Here are the answers. ROOT WORD AFFIX CLASSIFICATION1. joy -ful suffix2. tone prefix3. whittle mono- suffix4. patient -er suffix5. achieve -ly suffix -mentDid you get them all right? Fine!Here’s a tickler: Remember that a suffix usually changes the function of a word. Depending onthe suffix used, a verb can become a noun, or an adjective may become a noun. Somecommon suffixes are:1. To change verb to noun : -ion, -er, -ment Examples: invent = invention learn = learner develop = development2. To change verb to adjective: - ful, -ent Examples: play = playful differ = different3. To change adjective to adverb: - ly Examples: sweet = sweetly honest = honestly 7

All right, try this exercise! Below are other common suffixes. Use them to buildnew words from the words listed in the chart. Complete the chart as directed. This willhelp you learn the meaning of words from their parts. Suffixes: -er , -or, -ion , -ent, -ant, -ly, -y WORD NEW WORD SENTENCE USING (Underline the suffix) THE WORDExample: teach teacher A teacher is a second parent.1. swim2. play3.bake4. act5. studySelf-check Check if your answers are right. New Word Sample Sentence1. swimmer Neil is a good swimmer.2. a. playful She’s a playful child. The boy pushed his classmate playfully. b. playfully A baker is a person who bakes and sells bread and cakes.3. baker Paul wants to be an actor.4. actor, action Every student should be diligent.5. student Each sentence tells about a word you will meet in the reading selection. Besidethe puzzle you will also find a box with the mystery words. Now, match the words withthe given sentences. Copy the puzzle on the next page in your notebook and write thewords in the boxes.Across1. He serves another person to learn a trade or business.2. This word has to do with good luck, success or wealth.Down3. You play carelessly on a stringed instrument.4. You cut or shape a piece of wood with a knife.5. It is favorable reputation of a person’s character, deeds or ability. 8

3 5 MYSTERY WORDS1 4 STRUM APPRENTICE 2 WHITTLE FORTUNE FAMESelf-check 3. strum 5. fame 4. whittle 1. apprentice 2. fortuneReading AdventurePre-reading Have you ever experienced being discouraged to do something you have alwayswanted to do because other people believe that you aren’t made for greater things? If yes, then, you can very much relate with the experience of the character in theselection that you will read. If not then find out what the main character felt and what hedid to solve the problem. But before you start reading the story, do you have any idea or predictionsregarding the selection by just looking at the title? What do you think is the story “TheBoy Who Couldn’t Sing” all about?I know you can’t wait anymore to read the selection. Let’s find out if yourpredictions are correct. You may start reading the story now. If you see thesign on the right, it means you have to pause for a while and answer Stopsome questions regarding the paragraph you have just read. ReadAre you ready now? AnswerLet’s start then. 9

THE BOY WHO COULDN’T SING 1 “You cannot sing,” Mario declared. “You can do nothing but cut pieces of woodwith a knife. Of what good is that to you? It won’t keep you from starving.” Stop 1. Who do you think is the person Mario is talking to? Read 2. What can be Mario’s relationship to this person?Answer 3. From what he said, what do you think is Mario’s attitude? 4. What do you think will the other person say to Mario? 2 “My brother is right. I can do nothing but cut bits of wood with a knife,”thirteen year-old Armando thought sadly. His brother’s words were ringing in his ears.His brothers, Mario and Alejandro, could make music but he couldn’t. They earned goodmoney with their music, too. 3 As they walked along, Mario and Alejandro chatted happily. Their dreams offame and fortune from their music filled their hearts with joyful expectations. ButArmando said little. Mario’s remarks that he could do nothing but whittle made his heartheavy. He loved music, yet he could not share in making it. He could not even strum aguitar. He couldn’t sing either. He was a monotone. When he tried to sing he soundedfunny. It made boys laugh. They made fun of his voice and his singing. 4 It was hard to be just a whittler when his brothers and friends could play theguitar and sing well, too. What was his future as a whittler? This thought troubled him. Stop 5. Were your predictions about the one who couldn’t sing correct? Read 6. Do you think Armando cannot really pursue singing and instead justAnswer continue whittling? 7. What do you think will be the effect of all the discouragements and insecurities he experienced? 5 That night he did not sleep. His mind was busy with an idea that had just come.He could not sing. He was only good at whittling. Couldn’t he use it to achieve 10

something? Here in his own native Maragondon, Lapulapu City, was a man who makefine guitars with knife and wood. 6 Before sun up the next day, Armando got up with a happy heart. After helpinghimself to what was left over from last night’s supper, he crept out of the house while hisparents and brothers were still asleep. He took with him some articles he had made withhis knife.. Stop 8. Were your predictions for paragraphs 2-6 correct? Read 9. What do you think is the idea that had just come to Armando’s mind?Answer 10. Where do you think is he going? 7 He walked to Fernando’s Guitar Shop and presented himself to Tiyo Fernando.“I have brought these things for you to see,” he said. “I cut them out with my knife; willyou help me learn to make fine guitars?” 8 Tiyo Fernando smiled. “Why do you want to make fine guitars?” he asked. Stop 11. Were your predictions for paragraphs 7-8 correct? Read 12. Why do you think did he decide to approach Tiyo Fernando?Answer 13. What do you think will be Armando’s answer to Tiyo’s question? 9 Armando’s face lit up and he spoke, “Because I love music. Both my brotherscan sing. They can play the guitar, too. I love music as much as they, but I’m amonotone. I can do nothing but whittle. By making guitars I believe I can contribute myshare to making music.” Stop 14. Were your predictions for paragraph 7-9 right? Read 15. Will Tiyo Fernando allow Armando to be his apprentice in his shop?Answer 10 Tiyo Fernando laid his hand on Armando’s shoulder. “Come into the shop.Your interest deserves attention,” he declared. 11 Armando went with him into the shop. “The important thing is the desire tolearn and make good,” Tiyo Fernando told Armando. 11

Stop 16. After learning that Armando was finally accepted by Tiyo Fernando as Read his trainee, what do you think will become of Armando?Answer 17. Would he be able to finally solve his problem? 12 So, Armando, the boy who could not sing, became an apprentice in Fernando’sGuitar Shop. Day after day, he worked seriously and whittled patiently. At last hefinished a guitar. It was a fine guitar. Tiyo Fernando was much pleased with it. There wasno doubt Armando would make an excellent guitar maker. 13 Tiyo Fernando taught him the secrets of the craft. He showed Armando thateach little thing well done each day would lead to a great achievement. Stop 18. Were your predictions about paragraphs 12-13 correct? ReadAnswer Did you enjoy reading and predicting the events in the story? Now, let’s check ifyou have understood the selection well.A. Characterization One of the important elements of a short story is characterization.Characterization tells how the author depicted the characters in the story. To help you figure out the characterization used by the author in the story youwill fill in the Character Relationship Web below.How do you do this? First, write the name of the protagonist (main character) in the biggest circle (1)at the center of the web. Write his striking characteristics in the rectangles (2) on its sidesand his feelings about the other characters in the arrow boxes. (3) Next, write the name of the persons who discouraged Armando from pursuing hisambition in music on the two smaller circles (4) found at the top part of the web. Notice itis represented by the down arrows. Write their characteristics as well on the rectangles(5) beside these rectangles. Write descriptions of how this character feels about the maincharacter on the arrow boxes. (6) Then, write the name of the person who encouraged Armando in pursuing hisambition in music in the small circle (7) found at the bottom part of the web. In therectangle (8) write the character’s trait. Again, notice the up arrows. (9) Writedescriptions of how this character feels about the main character. 12

45 5 4 6 6 3 3. 2 12 22 3 9 87B. Setting Next to characterization is the setting. Setting is the time and location in whichthe story takes place.To answer this, fill in the diagram that follows with the information asked for. SETTING Time: Place:C. Plot The third element of a short story is the plot. Plot is the way actions are arrangedin the story. A plot has three elements: The element which lays out the main characters, their backgrounds,characteristics, interests, goals and limitations, potentials and basic assumptions is theexposition. 13

The second element of plot development is the complication. Complication is thebeginning of the major conflict in the story. Crisis, the third element, is the point in which curiosity, uncertainty and tensionare greatest while climax is the story’s highest point which may take the shape of adecision, an action, an affirmation, or a realization. Lastly, the denouement is the finishing of things after the climax. Climax ComplicationExposition Resolution Now that you have learned about the different elements of plot development, youmay now identify the elements of the pyramid plot development of the story “The BoyWho Couldn’t Sing.”D. Point of View The fourth element of a short story is the point of view. Point of view determineswho tells the story. An omniscient point of view delves into the minds of the characters at any pointin the story. The first person point of view is where the narrator may be the protagonist, anobserver, a minor character, or the writer herself.In what point of view do you think is the story narrated?E. Theme The last element of a short story is the theme. Theme is simply the message of thestory. It points out the significant truth about life and human nature that is illustrated inthe actions and decisions of the characters. 14

What can be the theme of the story you have just read? Put your answer inside thethought bubble. Copy the bubble in your notebook. I think the message or the theme of the story is …Valuing In Armando’s story you have learned that success is never impossible for a personwho has a great will and determination to empower himself despite all his weaknesses.Below is a Dynamic Stairway to Success. Think of your aspirations in life and completethis sentence by filling up the box in every staircase below. The first step is done for you.“I KNOW I WILL SUCCEED IF…” SUCCESS I will study hard.Self-check Let’s see how well you did in our reading lesson. You may now check youranswers.A. While Reading 1. His younger brother might be the person who couldn’t sing. 2. They are brothers. 15

3. Armando’s brother is mean and boastful.4. He will be angry with Mario.5. Yes/No. (Answers will vary).6. Yes/No. (Answers will vary).7. He will find other ways to get through with his weaknesses.8. Yes/No.9. Maybe, he will ask an advice from a close friend.10. He decided to approach Tiyo Fernando to help him develop his skill.11. Yes/No. (Answers will vary).12. He wants to pursue his ambition to be a musician.13. (Answers will vary).14. & 15. Yes/No. (Answers will vary).16. He will succeed in his job.17. Yes/No. (Answers will vary).18. Yes/No. (Answers will vary). 4 He is 5 He is 5 4Mario boastful proud Alejandro 6 They 6 They think of don’t care Armando as about very unim- Armando’s portant feelings person 3 He feels 1 3 He feelsdiscouraged Armando belittled.2 He is determined 9 He 2 He is strong-willed2 He is patient encouraged 2 He is humble Armando to do his best 3 He is thankful to Tiyo Fernando 8 He is 7 Tiyo helpful and Fernando encouraging 16

B. Post ReadingCharacterization1. Armando2. a. He is determined. b. He is patient. c. He is strong-willed. d. He is humble.3. a. He is thankful to Tiyo Fernando. b. He feels belittled by his brothers’ presence or discouragements.4. Mario and Alejandro5. Mario and Alejandro are boastful and proud.6. a. They think of Armando as a very unimportant person. b. They don’t care about Armando’s feelings.7. Tiyo Fernando8. He is helpful.9. a. He understood Armando’s situation. b. He felt the desire to help him.SettingMaragondon, Lapu-lapu CityPlot He went to Tiyo Fernando with his knife and asked him to help/teach him to make fine guitars. Climax Complication ResolutionNobody believes he could Armando became successfuldo better than whittling. in his craft, guitar-making. ExpositionMario discourages Armando topursue a career in music becauseof his monotonous voice. 17

Point of ViewOmniscient point of viewTheme I think the message or the theme of the story is that success will come to one who has determination, confidence and faith in oneself.Valuing SUCCESS I will offer to God all my achievements. I will maintain a good relationship with others. I will open myself to opportunities to expose my skills and talents. I will focus on things that would develop my skills and talents.I will study harder.Write ThingPre- writing Think about three things that you learned successfully inside or outside theschool. In the boxes, write how you learned them and how you felt after learning them.It is understood that you will copy the boxes in your notebook. Successful Learning #1 I learned __________________ I learned it by _____________ _________________________ I felt _____________________ 18

Successful Learning #2 I learned __________________ I learned it by _____________ _________________________ I felt _____________________Successful Learning #3 I learned __________________ I learned it by _____________ _________________________ I felt _____________________First Draft1. Using this web, write down the ideas that come to your mind on a particular topic. Example: Learning how to bike. TOPIC Learning How to Bike2. Now, you’re ready to write your first draft. Do not pay much attention to your spelling, punctuation or choice of words. Just write freely about your experience in your notebook. Give your composition a good title.Revising Using this checklist, go over your work again and see how you can improve yourcomposition. Read each question and check your answer in the right column. 19

Self-check GUIDELINES IN WRITING CRITERIA YES NO NO ANSWERAudience andPurpose 1. Does my compositionOrganization contain an interestingElaboration introduction? 2. Does itUse of present a clearLanguage description of events? 3. Is there a logical sequence of events? 4. Are my words carefully chosen? 5. Are the ideas linked by connectors or signal words? 6. Does it have a concluding statement or an interesting ending? If you answered “yes” to all the questions, Kudos to you. You have the makingsof a good writer. Keep on!Proof reading Now, go over your work again. Read your work closely and see if you could spoterrors in spelling, punctuation and capitalization. Check the errors.Publishing You are now ready to submit your work. Give it a catchy title. Write yourcomposition on a separate paper.The next section is a lesson on the uses of imperative sentences. 20

Language Focus Imperatives have many uses. Let’s have them one by one. Look at these dialogs: Get an application. Then, print your name on the first line. Don’t print your name on the bottom line. What do you think is the use of the above imperative sentences? What do thewords in bold letters tell you? Did you say these are imperative sentences that give instructions? You’re correct.How about the next dialog? Take this card to your Please show me your English teacher , please. identification card. What do you think is the use of the above sentences? Notice the word please ineach sentence. What does this word express? Did you answer “These imperative sentences make a request”? Right! Let’s goto the third one. Don’t open my Stand at Don’t be notebook. attention! late.. 21

Notice the absence of the word please unlike in the previous sentence. If theydon’t make a request, then what do these imperative sentences express? Did you say “They make a command” ? That’s good! Next is the fourth use of the imperative sentences.Be careful! Watch out! Notice that these sentences have exclamation marks. What do these marks sayabout the use of these imperative sentences?If you answered “They express a warning”, you’re absolutely right!How about in these dialogs: Make yourself at Have a nice day. home. How were these sentences expressed? Are they expressed informally or formally? Did you say “Formally”? That’s great! And when do we usually use formal expressions for imperatives? You’re absolutely correct if you said “In polite conversations.” This is now thefifth use of the imperative sentences.Let’s look at this last dialog box. Mind your own business! 22

Notice that unlike the previous imperative sentences used in polite expressions,this sentence expresses a different tone. How is the imperative used here? You’re right if you answered “Some imperatives are used to express anger,disapproval, disgust, etc.” Remember this: An imperative sentence gives an order or a direction and ends with a period or an exclamation point. To form the imperative, we use the base form of the verb. The subject of the imperative is you, but we don’t include you in the sentence. Example: Go. A negative imperative is do not + base form. The contraction is don’t. Example: Don’t go. An exclamation point (!) is used to show strong emotion. Example: Go! Now, you’re ready for the exercise on imperatives.Activity 1 Read carefully the following imperative sentences. From the word pool, choosethe use or function of each sentence from the list in the box.Example: Please wait for me! B. To make a request A. To give instructions B. To make a request C. To make a command D. To give a warning E. In polite conversation 1. Don’t waste time. _________________________________ 2. Take care of yourself. ______________________________ 3. Be quiet! ________________________________________ 4. Open the door. ___________________________________ 5. Be good! ________________________________________ 6. Take out your books. _______________________________ 23

7. Please tell me the way to the library.______________________8. Get away from me or else_______________________________9. Turn to page 13 in the book. ____________________________10. Combine all ingredients. _______________________________Activity 2 Fill in the blank with an appropriate verb to complete each of the following hintson how you can be a good English language learner.Example: __________ your pronunciation.Answer: Practice your pronunciation.1. ____________________ questions.2. ____________________ your homework.3. ____________________ be absent.4. ____________________ your textbook.5. ____________________ notes.6. ____________________ in class.7. ____________________ your best.Activity 3 Pretend that you are applying for a job.. Fill in each blank with an appropriateimperative verb (affirmative or negative) to complete the following set of instructions onhow to behave in a job interview.Example: _________ bright colored clothes.Answer: Don’t wear bright colored clothes.1. ____________________ late.2. ____________________ nice clothes.3. ____________________ your resume.4. ____________________ a pen to fill out the application.5. ____________________ the interview question.Activity 4Using an imperative sentence, give a suggestion to a friend or a relative SUGGESTIONSExample: who is poor in English Read the newspapers and magazines1. who stammers when reading orally. ___________________________________2. who lacks self-confidence ___________________________________ 24

3. who is always late for class ___________________________________4. who spends his/her money unwisely ___________________________________5. who is overweight ___________________________________Activity 5Read the following paragraph about using the Public Telephone This is how I called up my friend using the pay telephone in the drugstore nearour place. First, I deposited four twenty-five centavo coins in the hole provided for this.Then I listened to the dial tone. When I heard the dial tone, I dialed the number of myfriend. His number was busy, so I replaced the handset, and got my coins back. Then Irepeated the procedure, the other line rang, and I heard my friend’s “Hello.”Directions: Using the paragraph above as a reference, make a set of instructions on howto use a public telephone. Write the steps in your notebook.To make a local automatic call:1. Deposit________________________________2. _______________________________________3. _______________________________________4. _______________________________________5. _______________________________________Self-checkLet’s now check your answers for the grammar lesson.Activity 1 4. C 7. B 10. A1. C 5. E 8. D2. E 6. C 9. A3. DActivity 2 4. Read 7. Do1. Ask 5. Take2. Do 6. Participate3. Don’tActivity 3 3. Submit/Present 5. Answer1. Don’t be 4. Bring2. Wear 25

Activity 4 4. Budget your money wisely.1. Read carefully. 5. Eat moderately.2. Think positively.3. Wake up early.Activity 5 1. Deposit a one peso coin. 2. Dial the telephone number of the person you are calling. 3. Wait for someone to answer the call before pressing the button. 4. Say “Hello” and mention your name and the one you are calling for. 5. After your conversation, hang the telephone to its place. The next section is a lesson on two-word verbs.Idioms with callActivity 1 Let’s find out if you know the meaning of some idioms that start with the wordcall. Choose from the list in the box the meaning of the italicized two-word verb in thedialog below. request/urge cancel telephone return call require/demand summon/visit scoldMary: Have you seen Jenny lately? She hasn’t (1) called me up.Rico:Mary: I (2) called her up yesterday evening. I had this problem with my EnglishRico: class and I thought she was the only one I could call for advice.Mary: So how was your talk with her?Rico: Unfortunately, I wasn’t able to talk to her that much because her mother (3) called her out to stop burning the phone lines because she was just (4) called down for her low grades in Math and Biology. I asked her to (5) call back but she never did. Wait, you told me yesterday that you and she will go biking on Saturday. I already asked permission from mom to allow me to come with you. Oh, I’m so sorry Mary, but that same day I called Jenny, I also intended to (6) call off our date because I have to study for my exam in Geometry on Monday. 26

Mary: Oh, I see. Just call me if you’ll have plans of biking again.Rico: Sure. I’ll call you up as soon as Jenny’s problem is solved. Perhaps I’ll (7) call in Jenny’s house and see if she’s doing just fine.Mary: Thanks. I’d better go. I have an exam in my History class. See you around.Rico: Bye.Activity 2Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verbs chosen from the box. call up call off call upon call in call for1. Congratulations! Your victory __________ a celebration.2. Worried about his son’s illness, the father _________ the doctor.3. Please _____________ this number immediately.4. The meeting was _________ due to lack of quorum.5. They _________ some volunteers to clean the area.6. This problem ____________ immediate attention.7. _______________ the Cultural Center to find out if there are still tickets available.8. The movie director ___________ the shooting at the last minute.9. The vital witness to the murder was ______ by the judge.10. Have you ever __________ long distance.Self-checkLet’s find out if your answers are right.Activity 1 3. demand 5. return call 7. visit1. telephone 4. scold 6. cancel2. telephoneActivity 2 4. called off 7. call up 10. called up1. calls for 5. call upon 8. called off2. called up 6. calls for 9. called upon3. called up Wow! You’re almost done with your Module 2 in English. Are you ready to takethe Posttest? Sure you do, don’t you? 27

PosttestI. Read the story about Jeremy. As you read, think about his character traits. Then answerthe questions that follow. Jeremy is usually very thoughtful. He often runs errands for his neighbors. Hehelps Mrs. Bonton weed her garden. He walks Mr. Arrieta’s dog twice a day. Today,Jeremy had a problem. He looked up at the kitchen clock and frowned when he saw thetime. “The basketball game with the young boys starts in fifteen minutes, but Ipromised Grandma I’d get the tape for her,” Jeremy groaned. He didn’t want to let hisgrandmother or his friends down. “Well,” he said, “a promise is a promise!” Then hedashed out the door. Jeremy ran to the bookstore to buy the listening tape of one of his grandmother’sfavorite books and delivered it to her. Then he ran around the corner to the playground.When Jeremy met his friends, they were just beginning to choose the teams. 1. How do you know that Jeremy likes to keep his promise? a. He helps Mrs. Bonton weed her garden. b. He walks Mr. Arrieta’s dog. c. He bought his Grandma’s tape and joined his friends in the playground. 2. What did Jeremy do to make sure that he kept his promise to his grandmother? a. He bought the tape and brought it to her grandma. b. He informed his friends he’s coming back. c. He assured his grandma he’s coming back. 3. What does Jeremy do that shows he is thoughtful? a. He runs errands for his neighbors. b. He meets his friends everyday. c. He keeps his promise. 4. How did Jerry feel when he saw the time? Write the letter of the word that best describes his feeling. a. scared b. discouraged c. concerned 5. Which word best describes Jerry? a. dependable b. forgetful c. fun-loving 28

Grammar Pretend that you are taking a test. Recall the reminders when taking a test. Fill inthe blanks with the correct verb to complete the imperative sentence. Number 1 is donefor you. 1. _____Follow________ the directions carefully. 2. ___________________ paper and pencil. 3. ___________________ your answers. 4. ___________________ conscious of the time allotted for the exam. 5. ___________________ your answers legibly. 6. ___________________ quiet while taking the test. 7. ___________________ to your seatmates. 8. ___________________ properly and comfortably while taking the test. 9. ___________________ take too much time in thinking for the answer for a difficult item. 10. __________________ erasures.Idioms Write the meaning of the underlined idioms with call. Choose your answer from the word pool.request/urge cancel telephone return callrequired/demand summon/visit scold1. Shouldn’t we call up the police to report the crime?2. I call upon each one of you to do your best.3. The current rash of robberies and the high incidence of drug addiction call for vigilance on our part.4. We can’t call off the trip. Our friends in Baguio are waiting for us.5. The company president asked his assistant to call in the leader of the labor union.6. The principal called down those students wearing the prohibited hair cut.7. Mother called me back right after I called her at home due to an emergency.8. Jimmy called off his party due to the bad weather.9. Carlo composed a song that called for a fast rhythm and easy tune.10. I’ll call in Jack’s house to see if he is already doing our project. 29

Self-checkReading1. C 2. A 3. A 4. A 5. A 10. AvoidGrammar1. Read / Follow 4. Be 7. Don’t talk 8. Sit2.Bring 5. Write 9. Don’t3.Review 6. BeIdioms1.telephone 6. scolded2.summon 7. return call3.require 8. cancel4.cancel 9. require5.visit 10. visitNOTE: In this module you learned how to learn things such as plotting a story and learning how to do things. In the next module you will acquire more effective ways to learn about life. 30

Before you put aside this module, spend some time reflecting on what you havelearned from it. Use this format in your reflective journal. Check the column that bestdescribes your feeling about the activities you did. For the last column, give your reason. What I think of the activities in this module How I liked themThings I Did (Very much) (Just fine) (Not so much because)What I liked best 31

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Module 3 Learning More from LifeOverview Life is full of challenges. Sometimes we succeed, sometimes we fail. At times we are happy, at times we are sad. We are never excused from feeling pain, whether physical or emotional, however, what counts most is how we are able to rise each time we fall. As one writer said, “Life is not a bed of roses.” Meaning, life is not at all pure happiness and contentment, otherwise, there is never going to be any challenge. It is the heartaches we experience that help us grow emotionally. It is the failures in life that make us wiser. It is the sadness we go through that make us appreciate the happy moments that come our way. Take the case of Thomas Edison, the father of over 1,300 inventions, who was judged by his teacher as too stupid to learn anything. His early failures did not stop him from pursuing his goals. Life is about making choices. All of us have the right to make a choice. And the result of the choice we make will depend on us. However complicated it may seem, our happiness depends on how we face our day to day struggles. It is true therefore that, “Life is what we make it.”Objectives This module will aim to help you: 1. gain a positive outlook in life 2. acquire more effective ways to learn 3. make an outline of an article read 4. infer character traits 5. state an opinion 6. express feelings and attitudes 7. use the appropriate pronoun to replace a noun 8. create meaningful sentences using the appropriate idiomatic expression 9. write reflections on learning more from life 1

Instructions 1. Do not write anything on this module as several students will be using it. Do all your work in your notebook. Be sure to label your work by the module number and title. Keep a separate notebook for your Reflective Journal. 2. Read each section carefully. If you have not read the first two sections, go over them first. 3. Each module begins with a brief introduction or Overview followed by a list of Objectives you are expected to learn. 4. Before working on the activities, answer the Pretest first. Find out how well you did by checking your answer against the answers given under the Self-check of the pretest. 5. As you work on the activities, try to relate them to the objectives of this module. What skill or strategy does the activity develop? 6. After each activity go over the Self-check that follows to find out how well you fared in that activity. Pay attention to the items you missed. Learn from your mistakes. 7. After working on all the activities take the Posttest. Now take the pretest. Please do your best.Pretest Just like the previous module, you will begin with a test that is meant to assess priorknowledge of some grammar and reading skills you might have learned in the past.I. Write the personal pronoun that correctly replaces each word or phrase in parentheses. “The play is Nellie Bly,” Ms. Ryan said. 1. _______________ (Nellie Bly) is the star.Do you want to play 2. ______________ (Nellie)?” 2