SCIENCE IV

SCIENCE IV

Table of Contents Science 1V List of Science 1VModule No. Title No. of Pages1 The Skeletal System and Its Functions 7 82 How Muscles Cause Body Movement 8 73 Common Injuries that Harm the Muscular System 8 54 First Aid Treatment for Sprains 12 55 The Digestive System 6 66 Animals Hatched From Eggs and Born Alive 8 77 Life Cycle of Animals 6 108 Useful Animals 7 99 Safety Measures in Dealing With Animals 6 610 Parts of a Seed 611 What Do Seeds Need to Germinate? 812 Seed Germination 8 513 Pollination and Fertilization 7 714 Growing Plants Without Seeds 7 715 Common Household Materials 10 1016 Nutritional Value Information 13 1117 Warning Signs in Product Labels 6 718 Nutritional Value Information in Food Labels 619 Safety Measures in Using, Storing, and Disposing Household Materials20 Why are Materials Made That Way?21 Changes in Objects When Heated22 Methods of Heat Transfer23 Safety Precautions in Handling Fire24 Causes of Soil Erosion25 Slope of Land and Soil Erosion26 Effects of Soil Erosion27 Prevention of Soil Erosion28 Air Temperature Reading29 Wind, Speed, and Direction30 How Weather Affects Man’s Daily Activities31 Rotation of the Earth32 Revolution of the Earth33 Moon Revolves Around the EarthOF SCIENCE 4\1List of Modules-Science 1V.doc 1C:\Users\User\Desktop\SCIENCE-2015-09-14\SCIENCE\Grade 4\MODULES Printed: 9/15/2015 12:05 PM [User]

GRADE 1V AIR TEMPERATURE READINGAt the end of the module, you should be able to: Measure and record air temperature readings using a laboratory thermometerYou have learned about weather symbols. Can you still remember them? Try doing theactivity below. Try to RecallA. Study the pictures below. Describe what each picture feels you. Write your answer in your notebook.B. Copy the weather chart below in your notebook and draw the appropriate weather symbol for each day.

January 27 January 28 January 29 January 30 January 31 Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday FridaySUNNY CLOUDY WINDY RAINY STORMYGo out and observe the weather for today. Try to show it in a drawing, thenanswer the following. 1. What is the weather for today 2. What do you feel 3. Do you think the weather is the same the whole day? Why?On a sunny day, what do you feel? Is it the same for the whole day? Do the activitiesand find out. ExploreACTIVITY 1  Study each illustration below and then answer the questions that pertains to it. Write your answer in your notebook. 1. What is the boy doing? 2. How do you think he feels? Why do you say so?

1. What is the boy doing?2. How do you think he feels? Why do You think so?Sometimes the air is hot. At other times it is cold.The degree of hotness or coldness of air is called air temperature.An air thermometer is used to measure air temperature.Now you’ll learn how to measure air temperature.You will first be using an air thermometer model. Activity 21. Prepare the following materials because you are going to make an improvised air thermometer 1 4 x 10 white cartolina 1 1 inch x 10 red cartolina with a circular shape bottom. 1 1 x5 white cartolina1. Make a cut in the upper center of strip of cartolina the cartolina. Use a cutter.2. Draw 13 small lines with equal distances below the right corner of the cut.3. Copy the numbers as shown.4. Cut a smaller strip of cartolina with a circular shape bottom which would fit the cut of the first cartolina as shown in the illustration.5. Cut it so that its tip will reach the

bottom of the 1st cartolina.6. Color the bottom part of the 2nd strip with red as shown in the illustration. 7. Fit it in the first strip of cartolinaActivity 3 by inserting it into the cut in the upper portion of the 2nd cartolina.Try using your improvised thermometer. Do the following:1. Move the red strip up and down for five times.2. Take a reading everytime you move the red strips3. Record the readings in your notebook. Answer the following questions. Write the answers in your notebook.4. Answer the following questions. Write the answers in your notebook.  What was your highest reading?  What was your lowest reading?Activity 4Compare the real and the improvised thermometer.1. Borrow a real air thermometer in the school’s science laboratory. Be sure to return it after the activity.2. Note the colored column marked lines and numerals in the thermometer.3. Record your initial reading.4. Go outside the classroom and get the temperature reading of the air outside.5. Compare your readings. Is there a difference?6. Which is hotter, inside or outside the classroom

ACTIVITY 5 Have your own air thermometer. Place an air thermometer on the wall inside the house. Copy the table below in your notebook.Time 7:30 8:00 8:30 9:00 9:30 10:00 10:30 11:00 11:30 12:00TemperatureReadings Take temperature readings every 30 minutes.Temperature (C) Record your readings in your notebook. Answer the following questions on your notebook: 1) What is the highest point of the temperature recorded? 2) What is the lowest point of temperature recorded? 3) At what time was the highest point recorded? lowest point? 4) Are there changes in the temperature readings? 5) What do these changes in the temperature mean?ACTIVITY 6 Your temperature reading may look like this, when presented in a bar graph. Study the graph below and answer the following questions: Write your answer in your notebook. 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 7:30 8:00 8:30 9:00 9:30 10:00 10:30 11:00 11:30 12:00 Time 1. What was the highest temperature recorded? the lowest temperature? 2. At what time was the highest temperature recorded?

3. Are there changes in the temperature readings?4. What do these changes in the temperature mean?ACTIVITY 7 Compare air temperature reading inside and outside your house. Use your previous reading done inside the house with your readings outside the house. Follow the instructions. Place a thermometer on the wall outside the house. Make sure it is not under direct sunlight at any time of the day. Copy the table in your notebook. Temperature Reading ChartTime Temperature (C)9:00 AM11:001:00 PM3:005:00 Take temperature readings at the designated time. Record your readings in your notebook. Observe the position of the sun at the time you record the temperature. Observe the changes in your temperature readings. Do this for the whole week. Draw a bar graph of the temperature readings you have obtained.Read and Learn More Have you observed that the air gets warm sometimes and cold at othertimes. The degree of hotness and coldness of air is called temperature.

An area gets hotter when it is heated by the sun and gets cooler when theheat leaves it. The coldest time of a day is just before sunrise, after the earth hasbeen losing heat all night. Air temperature is measured by a device called air thermometer. It isexpressed in degree Celsius or °C. The highest point in the centigrade scale is100°c and the lowest point is O°. In fahrenheit scale the highest point is 212°Fand the lowest point is 32°F. A thermometer is a narrow glass tube containingmercury or colored alcohol. As the temperature increases, the mercury or alcoholexpands and its level in the tube rises. The number corresponding to the liquid’slevel is the temperature reading. Air temperature affects the weather conditions. During warm weather, thetemperature rises. We say the temperature is high. During cooler days, thetemperature sinks or drops. We say the temperature is low. The average airtemperature is 19-32 C. A temperature reading below 19 C means it is cold. Atemperature reading above 32 C means it is warm. Air temperature changes from time to time and from place to place.I learned that:  temperature is the degree of hotness or coldness of air.  temperature is measured by an air thermometer.  when measuring air temperature, take note of the height of the liquid inside the air thermometer.  air temperature changes from time to time.

Apply ItACTIVITY 11. Choose a shady place.2. In the place place, look for a small branch where you can hang your thermometer.3. Take temperature readings every ten minutes.4. Record your readings in your notebook.5. Make a graph of your temperature readings. TIME TEMPERATUREACTIVITY 21. Choose a sunny place.2. Bring a chart stand where you can hang your thermometer.3. Take readings every ten minutes.4. Record your readings in your notebook.5. Make a graph of your temperature readings.ACTIVITY 3 Your family is planning to go on a picnic. What do you think is the best time to be out on a picnic? Why? Suggest this time to your family and explain why.

Test YourselfA. Get a thermometer then measure the air temperature in the following places: 1. closed cabinet 2. under a tree 3. inside a refrigerator 4. an open area under the sunB. Take hourly temperature. Record the readings at the same place every day for a week in your notebook, Then answer the following questions. Write the answers in your notebook. a. What do you see? Observed with the temperature b. By how many degrees does the temperature usually rise each day?

ANIMALS HATCHED FROM EGGS AND BORN ALIVEAt the end of the module, you should be able to Identify animals hatched from eggs and born alive. Try to RecallLook at the names of animals below. Do you have them at home?1. Cat 3. Chicken 6. Carabao 9. Duck2. Dog 4. Pig 7. Love Birds 10. Rabbit3. Chicken 5. Pigeons 8. Gold Fish ExploreActivity 11. Look around your community. Identify the animals that you see. Write the answers in your notebook.2. Answer the following questions. Write the answers in your notebook. a. Have you seen these animals with their parent animals? b. Do they look like their parent animals? c. How do these animals reproduce?Activity 2Identify which animals are hatched from eggs or born alive. Copy the table below in yournotebook, then classify the animals under the correct heading in the table. spider deer rat elephant cats cow eagle lizard chicken goat whale heron butterfly duck dog ant frog mosquito cockroach carabao

Hatched from Eggs Born Alive Read and Learn More Like other living things, animals reproduce their own kind. Reproduction is the process bywhich animals produce young animals of their own kind. Animals that reproduce sexually have special organs called gonads, that produce sex cellscalled gametes. The process of fertilization is characterized by the joining of the female gametes –egg cells and male gametes – sperm cells in order to produce the young animals. The new organismthat is formed after the fertilization of the ovum is called a zygote. Zygotes of placental animalsdevelop internally in the female womb, and are born alive. Zygotes of egg- producing animals, on theother hand, develop outside the female womb. Dogs, cats, cows, horses and carabaos give birth to their young which developed inside theirbodies. Some animals born as baby animals are fed by their parent animals soon after birth whileothers are left by their parents to find their own food. Chickens, birds, snakes, turtles, crocodiles and lizards are animals that are hatched fromeggs. However, there are fishes and snakes which are born alive and there are those that come fromeggs. Shark, which is also a fish, either lays eggs or give birth to its young. I learned that:  Animals reproduce their own kind through the process of reproduction.  The union of the sperm cell and egg cell is called fertilization.  Some eggs are fertilized and developed inside their parent’s body while others are fertilized outside the body.  Some animals are hatched from eggs, while others are born as baby animals.

Apply ItWhy should we prohibit the hunting of birds or other animals? Write your answers in yournotebook. Test YourselfA. Do as directed. Write the answers in your notebook.1. List five animals that are hatched from eggs. a. b. c. d. e.2. List five animals that are born as baby animals. a. b. c. d. e.B. Explain how animals reproduce their own kind.

GRADE 1V CAUSES OF SOIL EROSIONAt the end of the module, you should be able to: Identify the causes of soil erosion Try to RecallA. Study the illustration below. Identify and label the three layers of the soil. Based from the illustration match column A with the correct answer in column B. Write the answers in your notebook. AB bedrock – uppermost layer of the soil topsoil – a layer beneath the top soil. It has lots of peebles and pieces of rocks subsoil – a layer composed of big fragments of rocks

B. Read each sentence below. Unscramble the jumbled letters in parenthesis to described. Write the answers in your notebook. 1. Fertile soil that contains the decayed (M U S U H) remains of plants and animals. 2. The (S O I L P O T) is the uppermost layer of the soil. 3. The (B R O C K D E) is the layer of the soil that contains solid rocks. 4. The (S O I L U B S) is the layer of soil that is made up mostly of clay, sand and pebbles. ExploreIn this activity, you will find out what water, wind, people and animals do to the soil.Activity 1 1. Prepare a shallow box or similar container, soil, and a glass of water. 2. Fill the container with soil. 3. Pour water into the soil. Observe what happens to the soil as water flows through it. 4. Continue pouring more water into the soil. Observe what happens.

Activity 2 1. Prepare dry sand or soil, a shallow box or similar container, and an electric fan or hand fan. 2. Put dry sand or soil in a shallow box or any container. 3. Put the container on top of a table. 4. Turn on the electric fan, toward the box or container. 5. Observe what happens.

Activity 3  Observe the people and animals in your community. Do they also contribute to the carrying away of soil? How? READ AND LEARN MORE Erosion washes off the nutrients in soil needed by plants in order to grow healthy. The force of erosion changes the contour of land surfaces. Mountainous areas were flattened. Lowlands increase in height due to the accumulation of rock materials. Erosion can cause landslides that can damage lives and properties. Erosion is the moving away or carrying away of soil. Soil may be carried away by water, wind, people and animals. Soil will move as water flows through it. Rain water can also cause erosion. Flood also carries soil with it. Wind can cause soil erosion. When it blows, it carries away particles of sand. Sometimes, you notice dust on your cabinets, tables, and furniture. The dust you see has been brought there by the wind. Wind can move and carry away particles of soil.

Do you observe particles of mud sticking to the soles of your shoes and slippers? People carry away soil from one place to another through their footwear. People who work in a construction can also cause soil erosion. They dig into the ground to lay the foundation of the building. People who construct roads move too much soil just to construct new roads. Blasting the mountainside causes soil erosion. Rice fields and fishponds are converted into residential areas. People do different activities that cause soil erosion. Animals in the community cause soil erosion. Some of them move soil from one place to another through their hooves. I learned that:  moving water erodes the soil.  wind erodes the soil.  people and animals cause soil erosion through their activities.  Landslides is one effect of soil erosion  Sediments deposited in bodies of water can cause water pollution that may harm aquatic life. Apply ItActivity 1: Do the following. Write your answer/explanation in your notebook. 1. Wipe the furniture in your home’s living room. Use a white rag. When you are done, look at your rag. Why do you think the rag is dirty? 2. Go to your garden or yard. Look for areas in it where soil has been eroded. Identify the possible causes of the soil erosion. 3. Observe animals in your community. Explain how they also cause soil erosion.

Test YourselfActivity 1. Think of some activities of people that cause soil erosion. List them in your notebook.Activity 2. Think of animals and their activities that cause soil erosion. List them in your notebook.

GRADE 1V CHANGES IN OBJECTS WHEN HEATED At the end of the module, you should be able to:  Describe the change in an object before, during and after heating  Practice safe ways of handling hot objects and flammable materials Try to Recall Arrange the jumbled letters to form the word described. Write the answer in your notebook. 1. NUS – the earth’s main source of heat. 2. DKNGILIN TUREIPAEREM – the temperature at which a material starts to burn 3. TREMPAUTERE – It is the measure of how heat an object is 4. EIRE – One of man’s mean source of heat for cooking 5. NOITCEV NOC – It is a method of heat transfer in liquid’s and gases. Explore Do you know that some objects change when they are heated? Discover these changes as you carry out the following activities. ACTIVITY 11. Light a candle.2. Observe what happens after one minute.

ACTIVITY 2 1. Ask the help of your mother or older sister or brother in doing the activity 2. Put a small piece of floor wax or candle wax in one pan. Put an ice cube in the other pan. Heat both pans over slow fire. Observe what happens.3. Answer the following questions. Write the anwers in your notebook.a. What changes happened to the piece of wax and the ice cube?b. What caused them these changes?c. The small piece of wax and ice cube became smaller after being heated. Why do you think?ACTIVITY 3

 We feel the heat of the sun especially during summer. Our skin could be wet with perspiration. However, even without being wiped, our skin becomes dry after sometime. Where do you think does our perspiration go?ACTIVITY 4Ask the help of your mother, brother or sister in doing the activity.a. Prepare two glasses of water and two pans.b. Pour one glass of water in to each pan. Place one pan on the table. Place the other pan on the stove and let the water in it boil. Then let cool.c. Pour the water back into the glass. Which water? Which glass?d. Answer the following questions. Write the answers in your notebook. Which glass has less water?e. Why did the water become less after boiling?f. Where did the water go?ACTIVITY 5Prepare a piece of paper, and a lighted candle. Burn a piece of paper. Observe what takes place as the paper burns. But be careful not to touch the fire. What remains after the paper has burned up? Can the ashes be changed back to a paper again? Why?

ACTIVITY 6 Ask the help of your mother, brother or sister in doing the activity.1. Boil some water in a pan.2. get the temperature of the boiling water.3. As it boils, observe the steam coming out.4. Answer the following questions. Write the answers in your notebook. a. What did you observe from the boiling water? Is it hot? b. Is it safe to touch the boiling water with our bare hands? Why?  Read and Learn More: When a candle is heated, it melts. When cooled, it becomes solid again. A heated candle changes from solid to liquid. When cooled it changes from liquid to solid. Some materials solidify when cooled and some materials liquefy when heated just like the candle, wax and ice cube in your experiment. When water is heated, some of it changes to water vapor. Water vapor is water in the form of gas. Water vapor contains the materials present in water. The change from water to gas is called a physical change. Just like the wax in the experiment, it melts when heated but it turns to wax again when cooled. In a physical change, the material can be brought back to its original form. The piece of paper becomes black when it is burned. Then it turns into ashes. Ashes cannot be changed into paper again. The materials of which ashes are

made are not the same as the materials in the paper. A new material is formed when a piece of paper is burned. This is called a chemical change. Heat can make a material change into other materials. Physical and chemical changes of matter happens everyday. There are things that need to be changed physically so that we can use them. Chemical change is needed to happen to some objects so that they can be made. Can you name some materials that undergo changes physically or chemically? Water expands when heated. Continuous heating will make the water level go higher until it reaches its boiling point. The boiling point of water is 100C. We must be careful in handling boiling water. Try to do the following:  Always use safety holder in transporting hot water.  Don’t touch boiling water with bare hands.  As much as possible, stay away from boiling water.  Treat scald properly. A scald is a burn caused by contact with hot liquid. We must be careful with heated air, too. Air expands. When heated in a balloon, it stretches the balloon and makes it larger. Balloons and tires should not be overheated. They will explode when they reach their elastic limit. Other materials and fuels like gasoline, kerosene, charcoal, liquefied gas, thinner, etc. should be kept in safe place because these are highly combustible materials. I learned that: Some materials solidify when cooled and some materials liquefy when heated. The heat during boiling changed the liquid water into gaseous water vapor and turns back to liquid water when it is cooled. This is called a physical change. The candle wax in the experiment also undergone physical change. It melts when heated but it turns to wax again when cooled. The piece of paper change in texture, color appearance and composition when it is burned. This shows that the substances in the paper changed. This process is called a chemical change.

Apply ItAnswer the following questions. Write the answers in your notebook. 1. Why should you not leave water boiling for a long time? 2. When cooking oil has solidified, what can you do to that it will flow more smoothly? 3. If you want wet clothes to dry quickly, where should you hang them? Why? 4. How can make floor wax using kerosene?

Test YourselfAnswer the following questions. Write the answers in your notebook. 1. Under what condition will a candle melts? a. when it is cooled b. when it is inside a bottle c. when it is heated d. when it is in the freezer 2. Which object is not a source of heat energy? a. sun b. lighted candle c. water 3. What happens to water when heated? a. changes to air b. changes to water vapor c. friction it solidifies d. changes to liquid again 4. What will happen to an object that is placed under the sunlight? a. Its temperature will disappear. b. Its temperature will not change. c. Its temperature will increase. d. temperature remains the same 5. Which of the following shows an effect of heat? a. heat changes gas to liquid b. heat changes liquid to gas c. heat causes water to expand d. heat causes water to contrast

GRADE 1V COMMON HOUSEHOLD MATERIALSAt the end of the module, you should be able to: Identify materials used for food, medicine, personal care, cleaning agent, pesticides, and food additives. Try to RecallActivity 1In which part of the house can you find these things? Write your answer in yournotebook. bath soap insert spray pots and pans soy sauce cooking oil insecticidespowder detergent catsup vinegar clothes washing detergent pesticides shampoo alcohol analgesic face powder paracetamol lotion

ExploreActivity 1Copy the table below in your notebook. Go around the house and look for all thethings that you can find. List them in the table below. Write as many as you can Materials Classify them as food, additives, cleaning Preservatives agent, personal care and pesticides ex. lotion personal care1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.Activity 2.Match the name of the material in the box with its description below. Write youranswers in your notebook. food additive toothpaste soap medicine pesticides detergent1. It helps in killing annoying insects and pests.2. It is a substance that cures illness.3. It helps improve the flavor of food.4. A substance used in cleaning the teeth.5. A material used for cleaning the body.6. Any substance used for laundry or cleaning your dirty clothes.

Activity 3Classify the following materials as food, cleaning agents, food additives, personalcare, and pesticide. Write your answer in your notebook.1. muriatic acid 6. analgesic2. bath soap 7. shampoo3. paracetamol 8. Baygon4. cosmetics 9. bread5. table salt 10. bleaching agentREAD AND LEARN MORE There are different household materials for different purposes. Some materials at home are used for food, medicine, personal care, cleaning agents and pesticide. Foods that are commonly found in the kitchen are canned or processed foods. They last longer than fresh fruits because they contain chemicals added by manufacturers. These chemicals are called preservatives and additives. Preservatives help preserve the quality of the food and slow down spoilage to make food last longer. Additives enhance the flavor and color of some food items. Monosodium Glutamate (MSG or vetsin) is a common additive which enhances the flavor of foods. Medicines are substances used in treating diseases or illness. Soaps and detergents are the most common frequently used cleaning products at home. They remove dirt and germs from our skin, clothes and other surfaces. Another cleansing agent is acid. Citric acid from calamansi is used to remove stains from fabrics. Acetic acid which is found in vinegar is used to clean items like bronze vases, figurines and other metal objects. I learned that:□ Materials at home are classified according to their use□ Additives enhances the flavor of food□ Cleaning agents remove dirt and germs from our skin, clothes, and other surfaces□ Medicines are substances that cure illnesses□ Personal care materials are used for improving one’s personality.

Apply It1. Fill in the empty boxes with the correct word below. Write your answers in your notebook. HOUSEHOLD MATERIALFood 2. Medicine 5. Personal CareAdditives Removes Curing and 6. For Proper Dirt Preventing Hygiene Diseases 7.1. 3. 4. Malathion Pesticides Control pests Aspirin Toothpaste Cleaning Salt Soap2. What must you do to keep safe while using the following: a. muriatic acid b. rat killers I must… ____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________

* Test YourselfIdentify the following materials as to their use. Place the letter that corresponds to youranswer on the blank. Write your answer in your notebook.A – food C – cleaning E – personal careB – medicine D – pesticide___ 1. achuete ___ 6. face powder___ 2. mosquitoe coil ___ 7. paracetamol___ 3. soap ___ 8. eyedrop___ 4. citric acid ___ 9. alcohol___ 5. lotion ___ 10. toothpaste

GRADE 1V COMMON INJURIES ON THE MUSCULAR SYSTEMAt the end of this lesson, you will be able to: Identify common injuries of the muscular system Try to RecallA. Answer the crossword puzzle about the muscular system. The clues below will help you. Write the answers in your notebook. 1 4 5 23 7 8

DOWN ACROSS1. Muscles that cannot be 2. Help the bones move. controlled. 4. Nutrient needed by the muscles to2. System of the body that gives become healthy. the body shape and makes movement possible. 5. We need to observe correct _____ when we stand, walk or sit.3. Movement of the muscle that makes it short and thick. 7. Muscles that can be controlled. 8. Tough, white cords that connect muscles to the bones.B. Below are some activities that our body does. Classify them whether they are controlled by voluntary muscles and involuntary muscles. Write the answers in your notebook.Voluntary Muscles Involuntary Muscles__________________ ______________________________________ ______________________________________ ______________________________________ ______________________________________ ____________________digesting food drawingyawning driving a carshivering exercisingbeating of the heart sneezingwalking playing basketball

Explore Do you work or play for long hours? Do you feel your muscles acheafterwards? Our muscles can also be affected by injuries. Activity  Lay one arm on a table with the palm of your hand facing upward  How many times can you “close and open” your palms in 30 seconds? Your hand must be opened completely and then form a tight fist each time.  Do this, three or four times more. Can you make the same number of fists each time? When does your arm begin to feel tired? Which muscles are affected or gets fatigued?Read: When a muscle becomes tired, fatigue occurs. It may feel strained or it maynot respond when you want it to. Some injuries can happen to our muscles. The soreness of the muscles after aprolonged work or play is called strain. Since a strain is not a serious injury, itdoes not do any damage to our muscles. If you have strained muscles, take a hotbath and have a good rest. A blow to the muscle can cause a muscle bruise. A muscle bruise usuallyoccurs when we accidentally bump any part of our body against hard objects.After that, we usually notice black-and-blue spot on the part of the body that washurt. This is caused by blood that leaked out of the blood vessel. To preventswelling and to lessen the pain of the injured part, apply a cold compress. Another injury that can harm our muscular system is torn muscles. Thisusually occurs when you lift heavy objects that cause tendons to break. Since thisis a serious injury, surgery is necessary to repair the broken tendons.

The most common muscle injury among athletes is muscle cramps. To relieve thepain, they rub the cramped parts to make them warm so that the blood can circulatenormally. Sometimes, a cramp may be due to lack of salt in the diet, so its veryhelpful to add a little more salt in our diet. * Answer the following 1. What is a strain? 2. How could you lessen the pain and prevent the swelling of the injured part of your body? 3. What is the most common muscle injury among athletes? How could you relieve the pain? I learned that….  A strain is the soreness of the muscles caused by prolonged work and play.  Muscle cramp is a contraction of the muscles.  Torn muscle is a break in the tendon caused by a strong pull.  Muscle bruise is a rupture in the muscle caused by a sudden blow.

Apply It Read each situation carefully then answer the question that follow. Write the answers in your notebook. 1. You mother is expecting visitors, so you decided to help her clean the house and fix the furnitures. After working, you felt that your muscles are aching. What will you do to relieve the pain? 2. Your elder sister is about to start cooking when she found out that she does not have salt anymore. She sent you to buy from a nearby sari-sari store but because you were in a hurry you didn’t notice that your forehead bumped into a wall. What will you do to prevent further swelling? 3. Mother sent you to fetch your younger sister from your neighbor’s house. On your way, you felt a sudden involuntary contraction of a muscle in your legs, which caused a shooting pain. You can’t walk so you decided to stop walking, what will you do? 4. Your father, who works in a factory is on-leave for one month because he cannot move his arms after lifting heavy objects. What could have happened to the arm muscles of your father? How could you help him? Test YourselfA. Unscramble the letters to form a list of common injuries associated with muscles. Write the answer in your notebook. 1. (SPARCM) ________________ caused by muscles that are very tired. 2. Viewing TV the whole day causes eye (RAINTS) ________________.

3. (ESIUBR) ______________ is a rupture in the muscle caused by a sudden blow. 4. (ORNT) ________________ muscle is a break in a tendon.B. Read each item carefully. Choose and write the letter of the correct answer in your notebook. 1. Cramps will happen most likely when _____. A. you exercise regularly. B. good posture is maintained. C. the bones are broken. D. the muscles become very tired and remain contracted. 2. After jogging, Alyssa felt muscle cramps. The best first aid is _____. A. consult a doctor B. ignore the pain C. continue doing the activity for a long time D. relax and massage the muscles 3. What can exercise do to our body? A. It makes the muscle lose control B. It increases the number of muscles C. It makes the muscle weaker, flabby and smaller D. It makes the muscle stronger, firmer and larger 4. How can we make our muscles healthy? A. Have enough sleep and exercise B. Have enough rest and exercise C. Eat food rich in protein like meat, milk and eggs D. All of the above 5. What is the best thing for you to do if you have strained muscles? A. Apply cold compress B. Apply hot compress C. Take a cold bath and exercise D. Take a hot bath and have a good rest

THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEMAt the end of the module, you should be able to: Describe the main parts of the digestive system and the function of each part. Try to RecallA. LOOP-A-WORD Find the kinds of muscle injuries in the puzzle below. Look horizontally, vertically and diagonally. Write your answers in your notebook. S A B S C C R AMP S PVOTUNTARY I R S LRNOS R PQG A SMA P B R U I S E I PQ I ON I I AAR NO I NO PMAC C E R N E S Y T O C B HM T O R NMU S C L E S I NVOLUNTARY

B. Complete each sentence below with the missing word. Choose from the words in the box. Write the answer in your notebookMuscles bones muscular musclestendons contracts voluntary muscleselongates bends involuntary muscles1. ___________ cover the entire body from head to toe.2. ___________ are connective tissues that attach muscles to bones.3. Muscles can only pull to help __________ move.4. Running, skipping and stretching are examples of actions done by __________.5. Shivering, yawning, beating of the heart are samples of actions done by __________.Exploration TimeACTIVITY 1  Think the food you ate for breakfast today. What do you think happened to this food? Where could this food be now?Activity 2 During recess time, pick a food item that you plan to have for snacks. Take a bite of it then chew on it. Then answer the following questions:1. What body part will you use in biting and chewing?2. What do you think will happen to the food in your mouth?3. From your mouth, where do you think will the food go?4. Through which body parts will it pass?Activity 3 Study the illustration of the digestive system below. Then answer the following questions.1. How many parts does the digestive system have?2. What does each part look like?3. What do you notice about the different parts?4. What do you think are the functions of each part?



Activity 4The sentences below describe the functions of the parts of the digestive system.Read a sentence and guess the part whose function is described. The words in thebox will guide you. Write your answer in your notebook.small intestine rectumliver pancreasmouth stomachanus esophaguslarge intestine1. This part produces pancreatic juices that help digest carbohydrates, fats, and proteins.2. In this part, food is chewed into small pieces .3. This mixes the food and digestive juices thoroughly and breaks down the mixture into a thick liquid called enzyme.4. This is a narrow, coiled tube connected to the stomach where carbohydrates, fats, and proteins are digested.5. This is the part where waste comes out of the body.6. This serves as the passageway of food from the mouth to the stomach.7. This produces bile, goes to the gall bladder before proceeding to the small intestine.8. Undigested food goes into this part then moves out of it as waste.9. This serves as the passageway of waste from the large intestine. Read and Learn MoreDigestion is the process by which food is broken and dissolved so that it can betaken into the blood to be used by the body. The parts of the digestive system are the mouth, esophagus, stomach,small intestine, large intestine, rectum, and anus. Other parts of the digestive system are the salivary glands, liver, gallbladder and pancreas that produce fluids needed in the digestion of the food youeat.

Following are the functions of each part.Mouth The mouth receives the food you eat. Inside the mouth are the tongue and teeth. The tongue moves the food so that the teeth canEsophagus chew it well. The first step in digestion involve biting, cutting, and chewing of the food. As you chew, the salivary glandsStomach produce saliva, which is a digestive juice. As it mixes with the chewed food, some of the nutrients of food is changed to sugar.Liver From the mouth, the food passes through a long tube called thePancreas esophagus. The walls of the esophagus are made up of muscles.Small intestine These muscles move in a wavelike motion to squeeze and pushLarge intestine the food down to the stomach. This muscular movement is known as peristalsis.Rectum The stomach has many small glands along its walls. These glands release enzymes, hydrochloric acid, and water, which combine to form gastric juice. The enzymes found in the gastric juice breaks down the proteins in the food. As peristalsis mixes the food, it also pushes the food toward the small intestine. The liver produces bile, which helps digest fats. The bile goes into the gall bladder before proceeding to the small intestine. The pancreas produces pancreatic juices, which digests carbohydrates, fats and proteins. The juices then go to the small intestine. The small intestine is a narrow coiled tube connected to the stomach. Final digestion of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins in the food happens here. The digested food then combines with the blood. This is a large, coiled tube attached to the small intestine. It is about two meters long but is twice as wide as the small intestine. Undigested food go to this part of the digestive system where excess water is squeezed from it. Soft solid waste temporarily stored here. The movement of the walls of the large intestines pushes the waste into this part, which serves as the passageway of undigested food coming from the large intestine to the anus.Anus This is an opening where waste comes out of the body.How many did you guess correctly?

Apply ItAnswer the following questions.1. Where does digestion begin?2. Why do you think you should always chew your food well?3. How do the associated digestive parts help in digestion? Explain Test YourselfA. Study the illustration below.Identify the parts of the digestive system. Write the parts in your notebook 1 2 34 5 6 7 8 9

B. Match the part in column A with its function in column B. Write only the letter of the answer in your notebook.BB1. It is where digested food combines with a. mouth the blood stream b. esophagus2. The opening where wastes leave out c. small intestine the body3. The part where water is absorbed from d. liver the undigested food e. large intestine f. stomach4. It produces bile needed for further digestion in the small intestine5. It is where food is chewed and turned g. pancreas into smaller pieces6. The organ where food is broken down into enzyme h. anus i. rectum7. It serves as passage of waste from the large intestine out of the bodyC. Name the part of the digestive system described in each sentence below. Write the answer in your notebook.1. This tube connects the mouth to the stomach.2. This is where digestion ends.3. This is where undigested food is temporarily stored.4. This is a long and narrow coiled tube where digestion is completed.5. This is where digestion begins.

GRADE 1V EFFECTS OF SOIL EROSIONAt the end of the module, you should be able to. describe the effects of soil erosion on soil, plants, animals, and people.Try to RecallRecall the agents of erosion and its effects.Answer the following questions in your notebook:Give your answer in the statements below. Write it in your notebook.A. What are the causes of soil erosion?__________ ____________________ __________B. Enumerate activities of people that cause soil erosion.__________ ____________________ __________ __________C. Make a list of animals that cause soil erosion.__________ ____________________ ____________________ __________D. What are the effects of erosion on the condition of the top soil? ________________________________________ ________________________________________ ________________________________________

Explore1. Study the picture below. Why do you think lahar continues to be carried away to other places? Write your answer in your notebook.B. Study the picture below. Write your answer in your notebook.

B.1. Water is the most powerful agent of erosion. What will happen to place below when it rains.2. How did erosion affect these places? What do you think will happen to the people and animals in these places?

C. Study the illustration below. Think of how soil erosion can affect the plants, animals, people living in the area shown in the illustration. Write paragraphs on this in your notebook.

Read and Learn More Land erosion has been going on for millions of years and will continue as long as there is soil and there are people, wind, and water that will move the soil. Erosion has damaging effects on plants, animals, and people. Wind and water remove much of the topsoil that contains the humus. When the topsoil is carried away, the subsoil is exposed. Subsoil contains a small amount of humus or none at all. The subsoil is not favorable for growing plants. It is not fertile. It contains mostly of clay, pebbles and sand. Erosion can cause landslides. Can you tell how dangerous landslides can be? It can kill people. It can damage people, plants and animals. It can also damage properties. Plants cannot grow on subsoil. If there are no plants, there will be no food and shelter for the people and animals. Erosion can destroy roads and bridges. The roads become rugged. Traveling will be difficult and long. Repair of roads will cost the government much money. Erosion affects the land. It can change the shape and size of land.I learned that:  erosion removes the topsoil which is fertile.  erosion has great effects on plants, animals and people.