English IV

B. Which sentences in column A and column B should go together? Copy the letter of the correct answer. Do this in your notebook. Column A Column B1. The birdies left their nests. a. The people threw their garbage in the canals.2. Many people got sick. b. The rains have flooded the fields.3. The canals were clogged with garbage. c. The trees were cut down.4. The heavy rain carried the soil from the d. The sun is shining brightly. mountains to the lowlands.5. Backyard gardening is done by the people e. They ate poisonous seafood. in the community.6. It is pleasant to play outdoors. f. The birdies have learned to fly.7. Baguio has a cool climate. g. Vegetables make us healthy and strong. h. The soil is fertile.8. The leaves of the plants inside the i. The people wear thick clothing. house turned yellow9. Vegetables grow in abundance j. Plants need sunlight. in the lowlands.10. Cutting down young trees in the forest is k. Soil erosion will occur when there is aprohibited by the government. heavy rain.Now you are ready to learn your new lesson.

Study TimeA. Read this passage: The Weather The weather changes. Sometimes it is cloudy and rainy; at other times, it is bright and sunny. During certain months, monsoon rain brings dark clouds and cool winds. The dark clouds fall as rain. The rain fills up rivers and brooks. It fills up streets and canals. The streets are flooded. Typhoons often occur during the rainy months. A typhoon brings heavy rains and strong winds. Strong winds uproot plants, destroy houses, tear down electric posts, buildings and stall ships at sea. During certain months the sun shines brightly. The water in the canals and rivers dry up. Sometimes the plants die because of the heat of the sun. Rain and sunshine are the works of nature. We must learn to live with both sunshine and rain. Answer these questions. 1. Why are streets flooded sometimes? 2. Why are typhoons dangerous? Read and study these sentences. 1. The rivers were flooded because it rained heavily. 2. The trees were uprooted because of the strong typhoon. 3. Classes were suspended because there was a typhoon. 4. The children wear raincoats so that they will not get wet. 5. They wear thick clothes so that they will not feel cold.

What question do the underlined words answer? Did you say Why?Yes, you are right.When we ask the question why, we ask about the cause or reason of some actions.The result of the cause is the effectStudy these sentences. Column A gives the effect. Column B gives the cause. Column A Column B1. The people in Baguio wear jackets? The weather is cool. Why It rained the whole day.2. The streets are muddy. Why? That the plants will grow healthy.3. The boys water the plants everyday. Why?Read these sentences.1. The people in Baguio wear jackets because the weather is cool.2. The streets are muddy because it rained the whole day.3. The boys water the plants so that the plants will grow healthy.Keep in Mind The cause is usually introduced by the word because or sothat. The result of the cause is the effect.

Practice TimeA. Answer the following Why questions to show cause and effect. Use the word because or so that. Write your answer in your notebook. No. 1 is done for you. 1. Why should we eat fruits and vegetables? Answer: We should eat fruits and vegetables, so that we will be strong and healthy. We should eat fruits and vegetables, because they are nutritious food. 2. Why should you not expose yourself to too much sunlight? 3. Why is it not good to read in moving vehicles? 4. Why is it difficult for parents to have so many children?B. Have you ever told your Mother you love her? How do you show your love for your parents? Read the poem below and find out how the children showed their love for their mother. Who Loves Mother Best \"Oh happy birthday, Mama dear,\" Sang Ben and Liz and Bess with cheer \"We love you much, we love you true.\" They kissed their mother, hugged her too. Then quickly Ben skipped out to play And went with playmates all the day Then rushed home just in time to see His sister Liz aglow with glee

For Liz held up an ice cream cone, Enjoying it, she sat alone Ben grabbed the cone then slipped away, So Liz cried out, \"For that you'll pay!\" Like cats and dogs the two did struggle Each making sure to win the battle. They tried to push and then to pull, While Mama almost lost her cool. But Little Bess with Mom she stayed She set the table, drinks she laid. And helped to serve Mom's friends and guests Now tell me, who loves Mother best? Source: Fun in English Reading pp. 95-96Now answer these questions:Write your answers in your notebook. Show this to your teacher when you see her. 1. Why did Bess, Ben, and Liz kiss and hug their mother? 2. Why was Liz aglow with glee? 3. What made Liz cry out, \"For that you'll pay\"? 4. Why did Mama almost lose her cool? 5. Who among the three children loved their mother best? How did she or he show it? 6. What is the best way to show your love for your parents?

Here's another activity for you to do. 1. Write in your notebook a sentence that shows cause and effect in the following picture.1234 5

2. Combine these sentences into one to show cause and effect. Use because or so that. 1. Bess stayed at home and helped her mother with her guests. Her mother will not get tired. 2. Ben, Liz, and Bess kissed and hugged their mother saying, \"I love you, Mother.\" It was mother's birthday. 3. Mama almost lost her cool. Liz and Ben fought like cats and dogs. 4. Ben and Liz fought hard. Each wanted to win the battle. 5. Most children help their mother at home. They want to prove their love for her. 6. Keep the environment clean. Water and air pollution can be avoided. 7. Everybody should help in the campaign against drug abuse. Drug abuse is one of the evils in our society. 8. Smoking is not a good habit. It causes lung cancer. 9. Children should go to the health center. The doctor can examine them. 10. We cover our nose when it is dusty. Dust is not good for our health.

3. Read the sentences below. Write C before the sentence that gives the cause, and write E for effect. 1. The grass did not get any water. The grass turned brown. 2. Now I can watch T.V. I've done all my homework. 3. Liz wasn't able to take any pictures. She forgot her camera. 4. Her sister, Emma, was sick last Sunday. As a result, she missed the picnic. 5. It was a very hot day. So we decided to cool it off in a pool. 6. The school is too far away from home. I take the bus to school every day. 7. Ann wanted to talk to Terry. She gave her a call. 8. Lulu hates hot dips. She didn’t eat any at the party. 9. It started to rain. Pearl had to run home. 10. Jerry broke his leg. He fell down the stairs.

Now read this story. Why the Doctor was Late One night, a little before nine in the evening, Dr. Glen Santos answered histelephone. \"Norzagaray Hospital calling Dr. Santos,\" said the voice. \"This is Dr. Santos. What can I do for you?\" \"Dr. Hilario of Norzagaray Hospital. We need you badly. A boy with abullet in his brain has just been brought in. He needs to be operated. I am nota surgeon.\"

\"What is the name of the patient?\" \"Arthur Bulatod of Arkong Bato, Sta. Maria. He comes from your place.\" \"The family name sounds unfamiliar, a worker in a garment factory. I willbe there at around 10:00 PM.\" A little later, Dr. Santos' car was on Alejo Highway. He stopped at a redlight. A man in an old black coat force opened the door of the car. \"Drive on. I've got a gun. Go back to the national highway for Manila.\" \"I am a doctor. I am on my way to operate on a sick …….\" Dr. Santos felt the sharp point of a blade on his side. The sharp point didnot leave his side. A half hour later, the man ordered the doctor out of the car. The man spedthe car toward Manila. Dr. Santos hired a taxi. It was past midnight when the surgeon reached Norzagaray Hospital. Dr.Hilario was waiting for him. \"I'm sorry, I was held up on my way. A thief got my car.\" The two doctors went to the hospital waiting room. A man in old black coatburied his head on his hand. \"Mr. Bulatod, this is Dr. Glen Santos. He came all the way from Sta. Mariato save your boy. But somebody held him up.\" From the window, Dr. Santos saw his car parked on the driveway.

Select the best answer to each why-question.Write the answer on your paper.1. Why did Dr. Hilario call on Dr. Santos? a. Dr. Hilario could not find the patient’s father. b. The patient needed the help of a surgeon. c. The boy shot himself with a gun. d. The patient came from Dr. Santos’ place.2. Why did the boy enter the hospital? a. He drove a car too fast. b. He cut himself. c. He shot himself with a gun. d. He had dengue fever.3. What did Dr. Santos do after his car was taken? a. He hired a taxi. b. He went home. c. He called the police. d. He called Dr. Hilario he could not make it.4. What happened to the patient? a. He was operated on but he did not live. b. He was sent to another hospital. c. He was admitted in the hospital. d. He died while waiting for help.5. Why did the man in the hospital waiting room bury his head in his hand? a. He was hiding his face from Dr. Santos. b. He was ashamed of what he did. c. He was tired and sleepy. d. His son died.

Test YourselfA. Which is the possible cause of the following effects? Write the letter of the correct answer in your notebook. 1. Lito helped his mother because ____________________________. a. Mother was carrying a heavy basket b. Mother was calling him c. Grandmother came to see his mother 2. Nilda was playing with her ball. Then she ran quickly to the street because __________________________. a. her ball got dirty b. her ball rolled to the street c. she wanted to buy a new ball 3. Francis was playing with a kitchen knife. Mother got the knife from him because ______________________________. a. Francis was her only child b. Francis may hurt himself with the knife c. Mother was setting the table 4. It started to rain. The children ran to the nearest waiting shed so that _______________________________ a. they will not get wet. b. they will have a relay. c. someone is running after them.

5. The children were watching their favorite program. Suddenly they shouted \"ay\" in disappointment. The eldest child started looking for the flashlight. because ___________________________. a. Mother asked them to go to sleep b. there was a commercial break c. there was power interruptionB. Read this paragraph. THE DATU FROM BORNEO Ten datu and their families left Borneo. They were headed by Datu Puti. Datu Sumakwel joined the group. He didn't like to live under his powerful ruler. The ten datus reached Panay. The ruler of Panay was King Marikudo, a Negrito. The Negritos ran away to the mountains. They thought that the datus were hunters. King Marikudo met the datus from Panay. Datu Puti said, \"We came to buy a piece of land. We will build our houses and live in your beautiful country.\" The ten datus built their houses in Panay. They cultivated their soil, so that they could start planting food crops. Datu Puti returned to Borneo. Before he left he told the people to be good and industrious.Complete the following sentences by giving the cause or effect. 1. The Negritos ran to the mountain, because _______________________. 2. Datu Puti wanted to buy a piece of land, so that _______________________. 3. Datu Sumakwel left Borneo and joined Datu Puti because ________________________________. 4. The datu cultivated the soil, so that ____________________________.

5. Datu Puti went back to Borneo, because ___________________________.Did you do well? I'm sure you did. Check your answers with yourteacher to find out.Congratulations then!

GRADE IV INFERRING FEELINGS OF CHARACTERS IN THE STORY/ IDENTIFYING ADVERBS OF TIME AND PLACEGETTING READY In the previous modules you have learned how to write descriptions of places, things and events. You have read stories and note down important details in the story. This module will teach you how to: - infer the feelings of the characters in the story - identify adverbs of time and place Read carefully all the selections. After each selection, there are questions and exercises for you to do. Good luck!

` Review Time A. Study the illustrations below. Can you tell what each facial expression show? Write you answer in your notebook. Select your answer from the words below. happy sad angry afraid ashamed surprise

B. Read the group of sentences below. Think of a possible answer to the questions after each group of sentences. Write your answer in your notebook. 1. Mother was preparing lunch. Then she heard a knock at the door. Her friends and relatives came. They were all smiles when they saw Mother. Each one has a package for her. What do you think is the occasion? 2. Father was reading a newspaper. After a while he began to laugh. What do you think made him laugh? 3. The Grade IV pupils came early. They were all dressed in Filipino costumes. Everyone was happy and excited. What do you think is going to happen? 4. “Aray!” Niño shouted. He stooped down and held his foot. What happened to Niño? 5. The basketball players were shouting with joy. Their friends congratulated them. Why do you think the players were happy?

Study TimeRead this story. Find out who the important character in the story is. New Friends for Carla It is the first day of school. The school ground is filled with children. There arechildren noisily greeting one another. They are happily sharing vacation experiences.Everyone is happy for school days have started. Do you think everyone is happy? Oh, no, not everyone is glad on the first day ofschool. One girl is standing alone in one corner. She looks sad. She is wiping the tearsthat keep rolling from her eyes. She is Carla. Poor Carla! She has every reason to cry. Carla is far away from home. She is a newcomer at Mabini Elementary School. Sheknows nobody and nobody knows her. Carla is wiping her tears when suddenly a running girl bumps into her. Carla falls onthe ground. Her books, notebooks including, her ‘baon,’ are scattered on the ground. “Oh. I’m sorry”, says Nora as she helps Carla stand. “I’m very sorry,” she repeats asshe helps Carla picks up her things.

Carla wants to say, “It’s okay,” but all she does is sob and cry. “You are crying! You must be hurt,” said Nora. Carla shakes her head and says, “I’m crying because I’m new in this school. This ismy first day here”. “Where are you from, Carla?” “I’m from Jolo. I’m a Muslim.” “What grade are you in, Carla?” asks Nora. “I’m in Grade IV. My teacher is Miss Santos.” Nora smiles. She puts her arms around Carla saying, “I’m in Grade IV too. We areclassmates.” “Really!” Carla exclaims. Her eyes brighten with joy. The bell rings. All the children are in the classroom. Miss Santos, the Grade IVteacher greets them. “Children, you have a new classmate,” Miss Santos says. “Please come up, Carla.” Carla’s face reddens. She slowly stands up. Her knees are shaking and her heart isthumping like a drum as she slowly walks to the front. “Tell us about yourself,” says the teacher. Carla swallows the lump in her throat and looks around. She sees Nora smiling. “Come on Carla, tell us about yourself,” says the teacher. “I’m Carla Odin, “she begins. I’m a Muslim. I was born in Jolo. We used to live inJolo, but now we live in Pasig City. My father is Abdul Odin. He used to be a pearldiver, but now he is a soldier of the Philippine Army. My mother is Tarhata Odin. I canswim like a fish and can paddle a boat. I can catch fish using a hook and line. That isall,” she finishes. The children clap their hands. Miss Santos lovingly pats the Muslim girl on theshoulder and says, “Thank you, Carla.” Turning to the class she asks, “Would you like toask Carla some questions?” Nora raises her hand and asks, “Where in Pasig City do you live?

“Near the church. On Roxas Street.” Nora laughs and exclaims, “I live in Roxas Street, too. We are neighbors. We cancome to school together.” Nora smiles, her eyes beaming with joy. “Are you happy now, Carla?” Miss Santos asks. “Yes, Miss Santos, for I have found new friends.”How Well Did You Read?Answer the following questions orally. 1. Where did the story take place? Your answer to this question gives the name of a place. What other places are mentioned in the story? Look for them. 2. When did the story happen? The story happens in the morning. In the morning tells us when. It tells the time when the story happens. 3. Who are the characters in the story? 4. How did Carla feel on her first day of school?Read and study these sentences about Carla. 1. Carla is wiping her tears that keep rolling from her eyes. In this sentence, how does Carla feel, happy or sad? Carla feels sad. Why? Because she is crying. 2. Her eyes brighten with joy when she knows that Nora is her classmate. In this sentence, how does Carla feel? Happy or sad? What words in the sentence express her feeling? 3. Her knees are shaking and her heart is thumping like a drum as she slowly walks to the front. How does she feel? Happy, sad, nervous or afraid? How would you feel also if your knees are shaking?

4. She swallows the lump in her throat and looks around. She saw Nora smiling at her. How does Carla feel in this sentence? Carla feels confident when she saw Nora smiling. These sentences express Carla’s feeling. She feels happy, sad, nervous and confident. A person expresses one’s feelings in different ways.Read the paragraph. Choose the sentence that expresses the feelings of the characters. 1. It is the first day of school. Children go to school early in the morning. They noisily greet one another. They are talking and laughing. They are sharing their vacation experiences. a. The children are happy. b. The children are afraid. c. The children are talkative. 2. There is one girl standing alone in one corner. She isn’t talking. She isn’t laughing. She’s wiping her tears that keep rolling from her eyes. a. The girl feels angry. b. The girl feels nervous. c. The girl feels lonely. 3. Carla’s face reddens. She slowly stands up. Her knees are shaking. Her heart is thumping like a drum as she walks slowly to the front. a. Carla feels nervous. b. She feels sad. c. She feels unhappy. 4. It’s nine o’ clock in the morning. It’s time for recess. The children go to the school canteen. Nora asks Carla to go with her. Carla enjoys the company of Nora. a. Carla feels lonely. b. She feels happy to have a new friend. c. She feels sad and thinks of her friends in Jolo. 5. It was Sunday. A mother and her five-year old daughter went to the market. The girl was separated from her mother in the crowd. The girl began to cry. Mother looked around, but she could not see her daughter.

a. The girl was angry.b. The girl was sorry.c. The girl was afraid.Study these words and phrases taken from the story. A Bfirst day of school everywhererecess in the school canteenin the morning in one cornernine o’ clock to the front JoloSundayThe words in Column A tell time; the words in Column B tell the place.These words are called adverbs.Test YourselfRead the paragraphs below. Write down how the characters feel in each paragraph.Select your answer from the list below. Write your answers in your notebook.Happy Sad Lonely Afraid Nervous Angry Bored1. Mario went to the nearby barangay to gather some firewood. Then he saw a big butterfly on the branch of a tree. He went near to catch it. The butterfly flew away and hid among the leaves of the trees. He climbed the tree to catch the butterfly. All of a sudden he went down the tree as fast as he could. He saw a snake.2. The prince met a beautiful princess. He fell in love with the princess. He sent her beautiful and expensive gifts. The princess fell in love with the prince, too. They were married and lived happily ever after.3. Arnold was reading a book about spaceships and spacemen. Then he fell asleep. He dreamed that a man from Mars came in a flying saucer and took him to planet Mars. The man said he could not go back to Earth anymore.4. The most colorful religious celebration in Cebu is the Sinulog festival. The image of the Santo Niño, dressed in red velvet and crowned with gems is carried in a procession around town. Men and women dance in the streets. They wave their hands and shout “Pit Senyor”.

5. Mario is a lame boy. He could not walk alone. He always sits by the window looking at the boys playing. How he wish he could play with other boys like him.Congratulations for a job well done!Show your work to your teachers the next time you see her/him. Keep up thegood work!

GRADE IV LOCATING INFORMATION IN BOOKS AND NEWSPAPERSGETTING READY Welcome to this module about books and newspapers. I know you are familiar with books and newspapers. There are books on English, Filipino, Mathematics and Science. Newspapers too are of different kinds. We have sheets broad like the Philippine Star, Daily Inquirer, Manila Bulletin and others. In this module, you will learn to:  identify the different parts of a book and a newspaper  locate information from a book and a newspaper Start reading now.

Review Time Which Book?Write A, B, C under each word to show which book it might be in. Remember: Alwayswrite your answers in your notebook.A. FOOD B. TOOLS C. PETSbread computer vegetablehammer cat or dogs guinea pigbirds flat iron fruits Can you try to add one more thing for each group?

Study Time The most available source of information you have is your book. Please get one of your books, look at it, and try to identify its parts. How may parts of your book were you able to identify?Have you seen the book cover?It looks like me.I tell you the title of the book andfor what grade it is intended. You can alsoget from me the author of the book and thepublisher that printed your book. Next to the book cover is the title page. Look at it in your book. It’s like me. The information you get from the book cover is the same information provided by me. The title of the book, for what grade it is intended, the authors, and the publisher of the book.

©1986 by Prentice Hall, Inc. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey 07632All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any formor by any means without permission in writing from the publisher. Printedin the United States of America.ISBN 0-13-697509-710 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2At the back of the title page you A portion of my page looks likewill see me. I’m the copyright this. Try to look at me in yourpage. book.Aside from the information youcan get from the title page, youcan also get from me the yearwhen and where the book wasprinted and the address of thepublisher in case you want torequest permission to reproduceany part of the book. Preface I’m the Preface Page. I describe to you what the book is allThis Science Book is for you Grade about, and the features of the bookIV students. Lessons here will that will interest you to read on. I amenrich your knowledge on scientific found after the copyright page.facts and principles. These willchallenge you to become criticalthinkers. You have been introduced to the parts of a book which we don’t usually pay attention to.But it’s good to know these parts and the information you can get from them.

Now let us see the part of the book which we usually visit first every time we open ourbook. Can you guess it? If you want to know what is inside the book, where do you refer? Yes!It’s the Table of Contents. It’s a listing of what we can find in the book. Look at it in your book. Here’s a sample part of a Table of Contents:ContentsUNIT ONE Astronomy 10 – 135CHAPTER 1Exploring the Universe 12 – 331-1 What is Science? 141-2 Scientific Measurements 191-3 Tools of a Scientist 241-4 Science and Discovery 28CHAPTER 2Stars and Galaxies 34 – 652-1 A Trip Through the Universe 362-2 Stars 462-3 A Special Star: Our Sun 54 What did you notice in the Table of Contents? It’s a listing of what is found in the book.It is the listing of chapter titles, subtopics, and page numbers as they appear in the book. What if you have a topic of interest and you want a fast way of finding it without goingdown the long list of Table of Contents. Where do you think should you go? In every book, there is an Index Page. This is an alphabetical listing of topics found in abook. It is much easier to locate a topic because of its alphabetical arrangement.

See this sample part of an Index Page. Index A Absolute magnitude of stars, 50, 51, 52-53, 53 Absorption of nutrients, 257-59 Acceleration and declaration, 539-40, 542, 543-544 due to gravity, 546-48 Accelerators, particle, 461 Acids, 488-91 Amino, 257, 368 Strength, 490 Adolescence, 348-49 Adrenaline, 329 Adrenals, 239-30There is also part of a book that serves like a dictionary.We call it the Glossary.Here is a sample portion of it.Glossary atrium: (plural: atria): upper heart chamber aurora: (aw-RAW-ruh): bands of light givenAbsolute magnitude: amount of light a star actually gives off off by collisions of particles in the Earth’s upper atmosphereacceleration (ak-sel-uh-RAY-shuhn): rate of autonomic nervous system: subsystem of change in velocity; change in velocity the peripheral nervous system that controls all involuntary bodyacid: compound that produces positive processes hydrogen ions when dissolved in water; tastes sour and turns litmus paper from blue to red

Keep in Mind A book has a cover. It gives us the title of the book and the author. A book has a title page. It contains the title of the book and the complete name of the author or authors. A book has a copyright page. It tells us the date when the book was published. A book has a table of contents. It shows the titles of the contents of the book and the pages where these are found. A book has a glossary. This is the little dictionary of the book. Some books do not have glossary. The most important part of the book is the text. It contains stories and other selections. The index is found at the end of the book. The topics here are arranged in alphabetical order. Each topic is followed by a page number where the information may be found.

Practice TimeSelect the letter of the word that best answers the question.A. Study a part of a table of contents and answer the questions that follow.Unit 5 Gathering and Organizing InformationUsing the Library 97Using an Encyclopedia 103Taking Notes 107Making an Outline 110Preparing a Bibliography 113Tryout Time 115If You Need More Practice 118Unit 6 Written and Oral ReportsChoosing a Good Topic 123Making Your Report Interesting and Clear 125Expressing Yourself Well 128Giving Credit to Sources of Information 131Writing Paragraphs 133Giving an Oral Report 137Tryout Time 139If You Need More Practice 1421. What is Unit 5 about?a. Gathering and Organizing Informationb. Written and Oral Reportsc. Expressing Yourself Welld. Making an Outline2. What topic is discussed on pp. 107 – 109?a. Using an Encyclopedia c. Making an Outlineb. Taking Notes d. Preparing Bibliography

3. What pages would you look at if you want to deliver your oral report well?a. pp. 128 –130 c. pp. 133 – 136b. pp. 131 – 132 d. pp. 137 – 1384. Which topic does not fall under Written and Oral Reports?a. Choosing a Good Topic c. Writing Paragraphsb. Making an Outline d. Expressing Yourself Well5. You want to know how to take the most important information. Which must you read first?a. Using the Library pp. 97 – 102b. Taking Notes pp. 107 – 109c. Choosing a Good Topic pp. 123 – 124d. Writing Paragraphs pp. 133 – 1366. What is the end activity for each unit?a. Tryout Time c. Giving Reportb. Making Bibliography d. If You Need More Practice7. What could be the activity on pp. 118 – 122?a. Remedial work in gathering informationb. Giving credit to sources of informationc. Making reports interestingd. Making a bibliographyB. Now, try to get information from a Book Cover.Examine the cover of one of your books.Answer these questions.8. What things do you see on the cover?9. Who is the intended user of the book?10. Who wrote the book?

C. This time you will get information from an index. Study the part of an index and answer the questions that follow.Index behavior, 35-36 inborn, 37-38acid rain, 211 learned, 39-42air conditioner, 171air masses and weather, 197-202 birds, 30-34airplanes, 58, 64, 74, 132 behavior of, 35-36air pollution, 153-155, 211, 213 migration of, 28-32anemometer, 222, 223 1. Where do you find an index? 2. How are topics listed in an index? 3. In what pages can you find discussions on air pollution? 4. What topics are under the index on birds? 5. What topic has the most number of pages?D. Reading the newspaper A newspaper is the most up-to-date among the reading materials. It gives us information on the latest happenings in our country and in foreign countries. Like a book, a newspaper have different parts. Study the information you will get from each part.

Study TimeFinance Chief ResignsDepartment of Finance Tropical Storm ApproachesChief Leaves his Post N. Luzon__________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ __________________________ASEAN Leaders Visit RP___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________World Bank grants loans for Buses/Jeepneys’education fund Fare Increased__________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ______________________________ __________________________This is the front page of a newspaper. It contains the most important news of the daywhich is called the headline.

The headline is written in big bold prints.Go over the news items again and answer the questions below. Do this orally.1. What is the most important news about?a. Education fundb. Kidnapped victimc. Tropical stormd. Finance chief2. Why did World Bank grant a loan?a. For the finance chiefb. For the education fundc. For the typhoon victimsd. For the kidnapped victim3. What is the latest news about transportation fares?a. No increase in fareb. Increase of jeepney fare approvedc. Position for higher faresd. Bus fare increase Here are other parts of a newspaper. Study them.OpinionWorldwide Contest in teaching and Abstention from Ralliesthe winner is a FilipinaBy: James B. Reuter, S.J. By: Alejandro Roces This page of the newspaper is opinions or comments about important issueswritten by individual persons. This is called the editorial page. On this page also, you will find the completename of the newspaper, the name of the publisher, address and the editors of thenewspaper.

This part of the newspaper is the Sports page. News about athletes, games, andcompetition are found on this page. SPORTS PAGEToyota players Badminton Players JoinJoin PBL Tournament_________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ __________________________This part of the newspaper is called the Classified Ads.It gives us information about things for sale and job opportunities.Other sections of the newspaper give accounts on business, agriculture and society.There is also an entertainment section where you will read comics, schedule of TVprograms and cinema.House and Lot Wanted:for Sale Nurses, Caregiver to Canada, USARENT A CAR Personnel OfficerP1,200 for 24 hours Apply in Person at Mahogany St. Paco, Manila Keep in Mind The headline gives the most important news of the day. It is written in big bold prints on the front page. All other local news is found in the front page. Opinions or comments on important issues are found in the editorial page. Job opportunities and things for sale or for rent are found in the classified ads. Other parts of the newspaper are the sports page, business section and entertainment section. Entertainment section includes comics, TV programs and news about actors and artists.

A. Pick out the best answer from the list inside the box. Write the letter of the answer in your notebook.a. Headline f. Business sectionb. Sports page g. Comicsc. Entertainment h. Classified adsd. Cinema page i. General newse. Editorial1. US President Visit: A Success2. Opinions about important news of the day3. An advertisement for termite pest control4. The time Superman will be shown in the theatre today5. The latest news on well-known TV personality6. The funny experience of Mutt and Jeff7. The result of the boxing championship8. The dollar rate set by the bank9. Nurses who want to work in foreign countries10. The weather forecast for the day

Test YourselfA. Use the illustration below to answer the following questions. Write the answers in your notebook.1. What is the title of the book?a. Ideas and Activities c. Physical Scienceb. A Class Teaching Tool d. Teaching Children About Physical Science2. For what grade is the book intended?a. Elementary grade pupils c. Adult learnersb. Pre-school pupils d. Not mentioned in the book3. For whom is the book intended?a. Parents who want to teach children scienceb. Teachers who are teaching Physical Sciencec. Teachers and parents who want to teach scienced. School principal who buys science books4. Which information is found here?a. Name of author c. Date of publicationb. Name of publisher d. Place of publication5. What part of a book is illustrated?a. Table of Contents c. Indexb. Cover of the Book d. Glossary

B. Compare an index to a table of contents.Green PlantsUnit 6 The Food Makers 2251. Food from Green Plants 226 vanilla, 2392. Flowering Plants – vegetables, 235 232 Venus, 302-303, 325The Chief Food Makers 241 vibrations3. The Food Factory 248 and pitch, 54, 564. The Gas a Green Plant of vocal cords, 50-51 Viking Spacecraft, 325-326MakesHow does an index differ from a Table of Contents? Give two differences.C. Use this part of an index to answer some questions. Write the answers in your notebook. Dictionaries abbreviations in, 252 alphabetical order in, 190-191, 205, 210 compared to encyclopedia, 169 division of words in, 190, 210-211 guide words in, 190, 210-211 kinds of, 204 making of, 188, 2051. The subtopics on dictionaries are arranged _______.a. alphabeticallyb. on order of appearancec. from least to greatest orderd. from greatest to least order2. You want to find out how a dictionary differs from an encyclopedia as a general reference. Which topic will you read?a. kinds of, 204 c. alphabetical order in, 190-191b. making of, 188, 205 d. compared to encyclopedia, 169

3. Which will tell how words are syllabicated?a. abbreviations in c. guide words inb. division of words in d. making of4. Page 204 of this particular book discusses ?a. kinds of dictionariesb. making of dictionariesc. cost of dictionariesd. abbreviations in dictionaries5. Which topic is discussed on p. 252 of this particular book?a. How words are abbreviatedb. Rules in word divisionc. Locating specific wordsd. The primary stress on wordsD. Guess what is asked in the following:1. It is a table, but you cannot find food there. Though it may contain food, yet still you cannot eat. It is the part of a book you always need. What is it?2. You see me first, When you hold your book., Colorful pictures with title and authors, Found in this part of your book. Who am I?3. I’ve got words by topics alphabetically listed. I’ve got numbers page by page. If you want quick reference, Help yourself and search, who am I?4. I am found at the back of the title page. I give the printer’s name. Year, when your book was printed, there it’s indicated. I tell you, ask permission If you want to reproduce a piece of information. Who am I?

5. I am the little dictionary. Found silently at the back of your book. I am here to help you. For words you do not know. Who am I?E. Match the titles in Column A with the words in Column B. Write the letters of your answer in your notebook.1. Baseball games set in Rizal a. business section Memorial Stadium b. entertainment2. Notice of Loss: A black portfolio with passport and plane tickets inside c. editorial3. For Sale: House and Lot in Tagaytay d. comics City e. classified ads f. headline4. Papal Visit for World Peace g. cinema page5. Jazz Concert Held at Luneta Park h. sports6. Now Showing: Tanging Ina7. Ripley’s – Believe It or Not8. OPEC Countries Increase Oil Price9. Retail Price of Vegetables10. Filipino Boxer ChampionThank you for working on this module.Congratulations for doing well!

GRADE IV MAKING TITLES FROM THE MAIN IDEA USING SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMSGETTING STARTED In this module, you will be reading stories and paragraph in order to:  make a title from the given main idea  identify synonyms and antonyms Start reading now Enjoy and good luck.

Review TimeRead these sentences. The fox saw a crow resting on a tree. The crow had a piece of cheese between its beak. His friend fox wanted to get the cheese. He praised the crow for having a sweet voice, He asked the crow to sing. When the crow began to sing, the piece of cheese fell to the ground. The fox said, “Stop singing. All I wanted is the piece of cheese”. The crow felt sad but he learned a lesson. He said, “I will be careful in believing kind words and praises given by others Copy these sentences in paragraph form. Observe proper indention and margin. Write your paragraph in your notebook.

Study Time Are you watching the program “Maalaala Mo Kaya”? No title is given to eachepisode. As you watch the events of the story presented you will be able to think of a titlefor it. If anyone read to you a story, without mentioning the title, can you give the titleafter the story is told?If you are going to give a title to this paragraph what will it be? a. The Wise Fox b. The Cheese of the Crow c. The Fox and the Crow Did you choose letter c?“The Fox and the Crow” is a good title for the paragraph. It tells about the characters ofthe story. It gives us an idea of what the story is about. Which of these sentences gives us the main idea of the story? a. The crow was resting on a tree. b. The fox wanted to eat cheese. c. The crow started to sing and the cheese fell. d. The crow felt sad for losing the cheese.Is your answer letter d? The main idea of the paragraph is best expresses in sentence d. All the othersentences are related to that sentence. It summarizes the ideas presented in the othersentences. You will notice that the main idea is expresses in a complete sentence. From these sentence that gives the main idea, we can draw a title or a topic.

Main Idea Title or Topic How the crow lost the cheeseThe crow felt sad forlosing the cheese The main idea can be expressed also in this topic form.Read this paragraph. One day, two young wild duck, looking for food saw a turtle. theystopped and talked to the turtle who was happy because she found the ducks tobe very friendly. They seemed to be willing to listen all day to her stories. Theturtle’s neighbors tried to warn the ducks about her being very talkative, but theducks seemed to enjoy the turtle’s chatter. The next day they visited the turtleagain and soon they were good friends. The main idea of this paragraph is – “ The turtle and the wild ducksbecame a good friends.”

Possible titles for topics that we can get from this main idea are: a. The turtle and the Ducks b. How the Turtle and the Ducks Became Friends Main Idea Titles or Topics What Plants and Insects Do1. Plants and insects help each other. Where Plants Grow2. Plants grow in land, water and air. Where Animals Live3. There are animals that can live both Food for Growing Children on land and in water.4. Growing children need go, grow and The needs of Man glow foods.5. Man needs food, shelter and clothing.We can draw titles or topics from the main idea or key sentences in a paragraph. Practice TimeRead the following paragraphs. give the main idea and the title or topic for eachparagraph. Write your answer in your notebook. 1. Air is all around us. We can feel it everywhere we go but we cannot see it. We cannot see it. we can’t live without air. Plants and animals need air too. All living things need air in order to live. 2. Sees work so hard that they actually kill themselves working. A bee often labors about six weeks and then dies. This does not affect bee colony, because a young worker immediately takes the place of the dead one. The product of the bees’ hard work is honey. 3. Ant eat different kinds of food. Some ants eat seeds. Other ants gather the juices from the flowers and stems of plants. Still others eat dead insects. 4. Six blind men were walking don the road one day. They wanted to know how an elephant looks like. Since they were all blind they imagined how an elephant looks like. Since they were all blind they imagined how an elephant looked like by touching a part of an elephant. One of them touch the side of an elephant and

said that the elephant is like a wall. Another one said that the elephant is like a fan for he touched the ear of an elephant. Each of them had their own description how an elephant looked like. Main idea: Title: 5. Soap plays a n important part in our lives in many ways. It keeps us clean and free from disease. When we wash our hands and body with soap, the dirt and other germs are washed away. Many diseases caused by germs can be prevented with the use of soap. Main idea: Title:Here are some words and sentences taken from the paragraphs.A. Soap keeps our body clean. Soap keeps our body fresh. Soap keeps our body pure. The words clean, fresh and pure have the same meanings as used in the sentence.B. The blind man wanted to know how an elephant looked like. The blind man wanted to understand how an elephant looked like. The blind man wanted to see how an elephant looked like. The words know, understand and see have the same meaning.Here are the common words you often used that have the same meaning.beautiful – pretty bright – intelligentcollect – gather finish – stopbig – large allow – permitWords that have the same meaning are called synonyms.There are also words that do not have the same meanings. these words are calledantonyms.Read these sentences.My hands are clean, but my feet are dirty.My bag is big, but her bag is small.The word clean and dirty as used in the sentence have opposite meanings.

Big and small have opposite meaning.Words that have opposite meanings are called antonyms. Antonyms are word that have opposite meanings. Example: old – new, narrow – wide Synonyms are word that have the same meanings. Synonyms and antonyms make paragraphs and stories interesting to read. A good paragraph expresses one main idea. A topic or a title can be drawn from the main idea.A. Can you think of an antonym to complete the sentence? Write your answer in your notebook. 1. Nena’s hair is long; Fe’s hair is __________. 2. The test in Filipino is easy; the test in math is __________. 3. Carabao’s walk slow; horses walk __________. 4. The girls are quiet; but the boys are __________. 5. The bridge is narrow; the street is _________. 6. His answer is wrong; mine is __________. 7. the glass is empty; but the cup is __________. 8. Mr. Cruz is rich; but Mr. Santos is __________. 9. My grandfather is old; my father is __________. 10. The door is closed; but the windows are __________.B. Give the antonyms of the underlined words in the following sentences. Choose your answer from the list below. Write your answer in your notebook.fake tight strangesour smooth arrivedlight low lazy expensive1. The ants is an industrious insect; the grasshopper is a __________ one.2. The school building is high; the house is __________.3. My mother’s necklace looks genuine, but actually it is __________.4. Guavas are cheap, but mangoes are __________.5. Mangoes are sweet, but oranges are __________.6. The bus departed when we __________.7. Stone is heavy, but cotton is ___________.

8. Baguio city is a familiar place; Surigao is __________ to me.9. The road to barangay hall is rough; the road to the city is __________.10. Mother’s dress is loose; my dress is ___________.C. Choose the synonym of the underlined word from the words inside the parenthesis. Write your answer in your notebook.1. The Filipino soldiers bravely fought their enemies. (courageously, strongly, slowly)2. Their enemies were prevented from entering their camp. (stopped, allowed, ordered)3. they were given honors by their generals. ( money, awards, houses)4. The soldiers were excited to receive the awards. (unhappy, ashamed, eager)5. There was a large crowd during the award ceremony. (group, company, officers)D. Complete the word below. They are the synonym of the given words.1. allow P RM2. small TN3. wealthy IH4. final ED5. donate G V E6. success T IU PH7. ill IK8. keep HD9. soon QI K10. erase R M VWork on the mini-puzzle below by giving the synonym asked for. S Across: synonym of odor1. S E L Down: synonym of turtle’s house L

P D Across: synonym of arise2. S A Down: synonym of factory T Test YourselfA. Read and answer the questions for each of the following paragraphs. 1. The city of Manila is one of the tourist spots in the country. One tourist attraction is the sunset at Manila Bay. Another tourist attraction is Fort Santiago. This is the place where Jose Rizal was imprisoned. Rizal Park is also another attraction in Manila. This is the place where Jose Rizal was shot by Spaniards. A monument of Dr. Jose Rizal is found here. It was formerly called Bagumbayan. This is a beautiful park where the people usually go on weekends. Malcañang Palace, the residence of the President of the Philippines, is also found in Manila. 1. What does the paragraph tell? a. It is about the city of Manila. b. It tells about the tourist attraction. c. It tells about the Malacañang Palace 2. Which of these sentences expresses the main idea of the paragraph? a. Rizal Park is a tourist attraction. b. The City of Manila is a tourist spot in our country. c. Rizal Park was formerly called Bagumbayan. 3. What title can you give to this paragraph? a. Sunset at Manila Bay