15กฏหมายพื้นฐานสหพันธรัฐเยอรมัน

Finance . 189 (2) The Federation and the Lander shall perform jointly the obligations of the Federal Republic of Germany resulting from legal acts of the European Community for the maintenance of budgetary discipline pursuant to Article 104 of the Treaty Establishing the European Community and shall, within this framework, give due regard to the requirements of overall economic equilibrium. (3) The budgets of the Federation and the Lander shall in principle be balanced without revenue from credits. The Federation and Lander may introduce rules intended to take into account, symmetrically in times of upswing and downswing, the effects of market developments that deviate from normal conditions, as well as exceptions for natural disasters or unusual emergency situations beyond governmental control and substantially harmful to the state's financial capacity. For such exceptional regimes, a corresponding amortisation plan must be adopted. Details for the budget of the Federation shall be governed by Article 115 with the proviso that the first sentence shall be deemed to be satisfied if revenue from credits does not exceed 0.35 percent in relation to the nominal gross domestic product. The Lander themselves shall regulate details for the budgets within the framework of their constitutional powers, the proviso being that the first sentence shall only be deemed to be satisfied if no revenue from credits is admitted. (4) A federal law requiring the consent of the Bundesrat may establish principles applicable to both the Federation and the Lander governing budgetary law, the responsiveness of budgetary management to economic trends, and long-term financial planning.

190 • f)l'H~1.J (5) al1-w'UDi'~ Ll\"!;lJ\" i'~~fl'l i'u 111 'j !;fl1'loti~l tI el'U Lti fl'llJ1 '1)1 fl lJ1 \\9l 'jfll'j\" 'IhUJ1\\91 tlU'j!;'il'lfllJ tiL'jU\\9l1lJlJYI1JftI ru~'IJ e:J 'Ia'Ufirl'ftlftl111\\91~'I ~ uu uu U'j!;'il'lfllJ t,Ihu lJ1\\9l'j1 104 ~'IU'lrlU L~flU'j!;1t1'il'tJ'l'Ufll'ji'mn'11~'I1tTtI 'YI1'1'1uu'j!;lJlru 'I\"'1'1U\" rl'\\91a1'Ufll'ji'um'j!;fl1'loti~l tI~'Imh1ii el\\9l'j1a1'U jfltl\"!; 65 ~fl 35 1\\91t1lJ\"i'~i'll1lJ\\91-w'li'um'j!;fl1'loti~1t1~LU'Um'h~'lJe:J'I lJ\"i'~\\9l1lJ~1'U1'U ~-wfl e:J1fftl'l'UlJ\"i'~ Ll1rl1,!'U 'l'U elm1je:J tI,,,!; 35 lJ\"i'~~ '1I g; I , <V .[l e:J Lu'U \\9l'UL11\\9,l'IJ e:J '1m 'j !;Vl'l 'jU11U!;fI1 'il''1)1 tI'YI Lu'Ul1'U 1'Y1 'IJ e:J 'IlJ\" 'j~\\9lllJ ~ ~I v 4 Q.I .cf. ~I V~ rl'\\91 a1'Ufl11lJ L~ tll11 tI '1'U el\\9l 'J1 je:J tI,,!; 65 'j1 tI,,!; L~ tI \\91'llf LU'U'1u \\9l1lJ ~ flt)l1lJ1 tlal1-w'UDi'~f1111'U\\91 1\\91 tI~e:J'I'1~i'um1lJV'Utle:JlJ'1)l fll I9!iam L~ e:Jl1~fl L~ tI '1'1 lJ1h!;lJ1ruqfl LU'U flt) l1lJ1tlal1-W'UDi'~~~e:J'I'1~i'u \"q q0 G.I c:I ,m1lJtI'Utle:JlJ'1)lm~amflll1'U\\91 \\91'1'U (l) fll'Jf11nm,J Ll\"fll'ju1l11'j'luu'j!;lJlru'IJe:J'Ial1-W'UDi'~ Ll\" !;lJ\"i'~ tJ ~N~tJ LtitJ'I1\\91 tltJ'Irlm~1lJ (flru!;m'jlJfll'jm1lJJ'Ufl'I) (2) LitJ'U'1'IJ Ll\"!;~'U\\9ltJ'U L~flm1lJ ~1 Lu'U'l'Ufll'j'loti'lUU'j!;lJ1ruU,fl LU'U (3) l1J;i'fl Lflru-n'l'U fll'j1l\\9l~'I Ll\"!;flUu1l11'j1m'lfll'jL~fl L~lJfl11lJ 'j!;lJ\\91'j!;1'1~fl'lUU'j!;lJ1ruU,fl LU'U 'llf11\\91 WlJ-Wr11 ~\\91 il'U 'IJ tJ 'I fl ru!; fl 'j'jlJ fl1 'jfl11lJ J'U fl 'I Ll\"!; LtJ fl a1 'j U'j!;flflU (1) 'j1 tli'u Ll\" !;'j1t1~1 tI'\"I'1'1l1lJ\\91'IJtJ'Ial1-w'UDi'~'llf'J1lJtJ ~'l'U'IUU'J:;lJlru 'l'Umrun'1) fll'J'lJtJ'Ial1-w'UDi'~ LL\" :;'YIi'a~w Lfl'~ 'llf'j1lJ LUVl1:; L~'U~~l tI'llf l1~tJ L~'U~a'llJ1 '1)1 fln'1) fll'j Ll\" :;'YIi'a~~'I flrl11 Ll'h'!'U 'IUU'J:;lJlru~tJ'IalJ \\9,1\"

Finance • 191 (5) Sanctions imposed by the European Community on the basis of the provisions of Article 104 of the Treaty Establishing the European Community in the interest of maintaining budgetary discipline, shall be borne by the Federation and the Lander at a ratio of 65 to 35 percent. In solidarity, the Lander as a whole shall bear 35 percent of the charges incumbent on the Lander according to the number of their inhabitants; 65 percent of the charges incumbent on the Lander shall be borne by the Lander according to their degree of causation. Details shall be regulated by a federal law which shall require the consent of the Bundesrat. Article 109a [Budgetary emergencies] To avoid a budgetary emergency, a federal law requiring the consent of the Bundesrat shall provide for: 1. the continuing supervision of budgetary management of the Federation and the Lander by a joint body (Stability Council), 2. the conditions and procedures for ascertaining the threat of a budgetary emergency, 3. the principles for the establishment and administration of programs for taking care of budgetary emergencies. The decisions of the Stability Council and the accompanying documents shall be published. Article 110 [Federal budget] (1) All revenues and expenditures of the Federation shall be included in the budget; in the case of federal enterprises and special trusts, only payments to or remittances from them need be included. The budget shall be balanced with respect to revenues and expendi- tures.

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Finance . 193 (2) The budget for one or more fiscal years shall be set forth in a law enacted before the beginning of the first year and making separate provision for each year. The law may provide that various parts of the budget apply to different periods of time, divided by fiscal years. (3) Bills to comply with the first sentence of paragraph (2) of this Article as well as bills to amend the Budget Law or the budget itself shall be submitted simultaneously to the Bundesrat and to the Bundestag; the Bundesrat shall be entitled to comment on such bills within six weeks or, in the case of amending bills, within three weeks. (4) The Budget Law may contain only such provisions as re- late to federal revenues and expenditures and to the period for which it is enacted. The Budget Law may specify that its provisions shall expire only upon promulgation of the next Budget Law or, in the event of an authorisation pursuant to Article 115, at a later date. Article 111 [Interim budget management] (1) If, by the end of a fiscal year, the budget for the following year has not been adopted by a law, the Federal Government, until such law comes into force, may make all expenditures that are necessary: a) to maintain institutions established by a law and to carry out measures authorised by a law; b) to meet the legal obligations of the Federation; c) to continue construction projects, procurements, and the provision of other benefits or services, or to continue to make grants for these purposes, to the extent that amounts have already been appropriated in the budget of a previous year.

194 • flm~tl (2) L'l!tl'jru~'jl £JL~~ Lfi~'illtltlOlnJ1 £JW Lflll LL\"::~L~'illtlmij111tl tllm111tl LLl1cl\\l~'U\" 111tll~'U'YI'Ual'jeJ\\ll1~'ULl £J'ULlJf}'jtllJf}\"ml £J~l £J~ I f~l\"Jl\" LLl\"1\\1al1'W'UDf~tl1'iltj'u~ L~'\"U~~l LU'Ul9itl al\\1f)\\lL'U (1) 'lltl\\lm19mU tl1'ja'll'lJa'U'Utl1 'j\\9l1 Lu'U fll'jL'Uif'il'ilu'U~\\I LU'U ~1'U1'Ua\\la~LlJ Lf)'Ul1rt\\lL'U~ 'i•ll'U1 \" L\"\\I 'U\"\\l.lJ1u tl,tl ''U\" 1\"1'Ul'UJ' \\I \" '11 tl \\I 'U 'j ::~1 tu'j1~ )J1Vl'jl 112 'jltl~ltlUHfl.:l1J1h~)Jltu 'jl £I ~1 £J~ Lf)'ULtJ'illtl tl1'j,y~a'j'j~1~\\llJtJ'j::mu1l11tl L~tl1~fltJ•'j::a\\lfi' ~ 'U~LlJ'j1~tl riL'U\\llJtJ'j::~ltu ~tl\\lL~flJml~ v'U£Jtl~'illtlf~~'U~1iltl1'j v~ m ::'YI'j1 \\I tl1 'jf} rl'\\I'll tl \\lal1'W''UDf~ f}11~ v'U £I tl~ 191\\1 tlcll1 'il ::L..1l~ L'\\lv.ll::L'U mru~iif}11~ ~1 LU'U el'ULlJ tll'ilfl1 ~ tl1'jru111tlLlJ tll 'il11~ tl L~ £I \\lL~ 'jl £I\":: Lfl £J~Ll1LU'ULtJ\\9Il~~tlOl1m £Jal1'W''UDf~f1111'U~ 'jl tI ~l tll1~f)\" VI'jl tI'1~ (1) tlOl1~l £J~ \\I L~~\\llJtJ'j::~l tu'jl £I ~1 £J~ La'U tll~ £Jf~1J1\" LL11\\1 al1'W''UDf~ 111tltl0l1m £J~ntlLl1Lf)~111tl'il ::ntlLl1Lf)~'jl £J~l £JLl1lJ ~tl\\lL~ flJml~ V'lWtl~'ill tlf~lJl\" LLl1\\1al1'W''UDf~ .utl f1111'U ~ULl1L<ffU\\lr1llfllJ tlOl1~l £J~ n tlLl1 Lf) ~111tl 'il::n tlLl1 Lf) ~ tll'j\"~ 'jl £JL~~1 £I f~lJl\" LL11\\1 al1'W''UDf~tll'il~tl\\l'lltlLl1am ~LL'YI'lJ.'jlll0'j L~tl'Utl1'jtltltl La £I \\1,,\\1 f} :: LL'U'UL'U ~l\\1tlOl1m £J~ii J).ml91\\1tlcll1fiL~ L'UmruU f~1J1\" LLl1\\1al1'W''UDf~~tl\\l La'Utl ml~ L-H'U'lJtl\\l\\9l'ULtJ v\\lam ~LL'YI'lJ.'jlll0'jm £JL'Ul1tlrl'tJ~l..1 (2) m £JL'U~rl'tJ~l..1l1rl'\\I'illtl~am ~LL'YI'lJ.'jlll0'j L-H'U')jtllJtlOl1~l £I 191\\1 tl cll1 f~lJl\" LL11\\lal1'W''UDf~tll'il ~tl\\l'll tlLl1ii tl1'jtl tl tl La £I \\I\" \\If}:: LL'U'UL'U tlOl1mmr'ULu'Uf}f\\l~atl\\l

Finance . 195 (2) To the extent that revenues based upon specific laws and derived from taxes, or duties, or other sources, or the working capital reserves, do not cover the expenditures referred to in paragraph (1) of this Article, the Federal Government may borrow the funds necessary to sustain current operations up to a maximum of one quarter of the total amount of the previous budget. Article 112 [Extrabudgetary expenditures] Expenditures in excess of budgetary appropriations or for purposes not contemplated by the budget shall require the consent of the Federal Minister of Finance. Such consent may be given only in the event of an unforeseen and unavoidable necessity. Details may be regulated by a federal law. Article 113 [Increase of expenditures] (1) Laws that increase the budget expenditures proposed by the Federal Government, or entail or will bring about new expenditures, shall require the consent of the Federal Government. This requirement shall also apply to laws that entail or will bring about decreases in revenue. The Federal Government may demand that the Bundestag postpone its vote on bills to this effect. In this event the Federal Government shall submit its comments to the Bundestag within six weeks. (2) Within four weeks after the Bundestag has adopted such a law, the Federal Government may demand that it vote on the law a second time.

196 • m'H~'W (3) 111 fl'il.:JflOlnn u1~ii f<l(l'l1-:Jfl1Jl ihHlO'YIl.J1 U~llJlJl ~1\"1 78 f!U 1(llbli -:J 1;1'Y1'W'U Df! tll1) rJU r\"J-:J fll 1\"1l-ffl11lJ V'U UtllJ 'U tl-:J \\91 'U'~fll u1'U 'YImrU~ll1L'Yh,r'Ulb(l~'YIci'-:J1)lfl~m~1J1'Ufll1\"\\911lJ~'l1f\\lf\\l1l1'U (l) 'YI1tl (2) 'iI I 'iI VI 'iI 'Utl-:JlJ1\\911\"lil'~L1lJ:U'U lb~1l'Yhu'U d4tl1\"~ U~ n€l1 ~-:J flcll1i1'U1;1•~(l-:J 1l-f~ tlil L~iifll'j1l-ffl11lJV'UUellJlb~1 a.J1Vlll 114 flll~IJ.Hnl~fllla~'U'UtVy'l.f:! (1) l~ell\\91~u'j~1;1-:Jrl1'Ufll'juihm'Yl'ti1~'lJel-:Jf!1J1(lllli-:J1;1'Y1'W'UDf! f~lJ'U\\911fl'j~'Yl1\"1-:Jfll'jflci'-:J lbli-:J1;1'Y1'W'UDf~~el-:Jt1-:J'l1ru~hl u fu LL(l ~'jl U~l U .. .. u i -:J'YIlJ~ \\91(lel ~1)'U'l1f\\l;'Yl fl'lui1'U LL/;l ~'YIi1i1'U1'U1~'YIil-:JU-:Juu'j~lJ1 ru~ ~l'UlJl ~el1;1m ~lb'Yl'U11'1;1f1'jlb(l~1~1;1m'YlflU . 'U \"\"., .. .. q t.q I 4J 4 J . c f . q iI .c:t (2) f11(l\\91'j11) l-:J'U lbf<l'U~'U lb'YI-:J1;1'Y1l'l'UD'j!'1I-:J1;1lJ1<iffl'Uel-:Jfl'l/;l \\91el-:JlJ fI11lJ LU'U81;1'j~'Yll-:J\\91(l1 fll'j ~el -:Jill fll'j1;1elu'l1ru; lb(l ~1U1) rd'Uil fll1\"ull11'j •u fll'j L~'U1;11Dl'jru~ LU'ULUel Vl-:J l'YIlJl ~1;1lJ LL(l ~iiu'j~i1'YlTIml'l'YI1elLlJ lWi U~el-:J t1-:J'jl U-:Jl'UU'j~~ltJ'U rJ-:J1;1m ~lb'Yl'U111JO'jlb(l q~1;1m 'j1lJi-:Jf!Ul(llbli-:J 1;1'Y1'W'UDf!lWi U\\91'j-:J ~1'Ul1)'Uel-:Jfl'1/;l\\91'j11) L~'U lb~'U~'U LLli-:J1;1'Y1'W'UDf~1'U L~el-:J~'U 1l-fLU'ULU\\911lJ~flO'YIlJ1 u1;1'Y1'W'UDf!fll'YI'UWi o IV V~ A a.J1Vlll 115 flllmflVlflllfHla....JL-3'U (1) fll'jtlVlJ L~'ULl/;l~fll'jfum'j~~lU'j~n'U'YIi1 fll'jfuu'j~n'U 'YI1el nm 'j ~ f<l fl'W'U ~ 'U \" ~ f)11) tl1l-f Lfl Wi1\"1 U~1 UL'UU -:JU U'j ~lJl ruL'U el'Ulf1 \\91 ~el-:Jii 'IJ flO'YIlJ1U1;1'Y1'W'UDf!~nl'Y1'UWi'YI1el UellJLl-fiifll'jY>11'U1ru~1'U1'U L~'U~ L~ U1.uel-:J Ll-f~1'Ul1)L1

Finance . 197 (3) If the bill has become law pursuant to Article 78, the Federal Government may withhold its consent only within six weeks and only after having initiated the procedure provided for in the third and fourth sentences of paragraph (1) or in paragraph (2) of this Article. Upon the expiration of this period such consent shall be deemed to have been given. Article 114 [Submission and auditing of accounts] (1) For the purpose of discharging the Federal Government, the Federal Minister of Finance shall submit annually to the Bundestag and to the Bundesrat an account of all revenues and expenditures as well as of assets and debts during the preceding fiscal year. (2) The Federal Court of Audit, whose members shall enjoy judicial independence, shall audit the account and determine whether public finances have been properly and efficiently administered. It shall submit an annual report directly to the Bundestag and the Bundesrat as well as to the Federal Government. In other respects the powers of the Federal Court of Audit shall be regulated by a federal law. Article 115 [Limits of borrowing] (1) The borrowing of funds and the assumption of surety obligations, guarantees, or other commitments that may lead to expenditures in future fiscal years shall require authorisation by a federal law specifying or permitting computation of the amounts involved.

198 • f11lL~'U (2) l~tI\"HhHlih 'n~t.i.f:UJLfL111:ll\":1;1l:\";lmtl1\"1~,:llt'1l~1f~lf.lHfU1J1~l1\"•:~.l.:Jlf~lrtlIl~ld'nlt~lffiu~~ffllL..d:fJl iil'lll\"l tlfml1flf11l\"n L~'U ~ llt11U~l~111flf11l\"nrhJL~'U~fl..:Jijell9ll1l,jLn'U~fltl1:l :; 0.35 'lJfl..:J~~l9lnru'l'i' 'IJ m1:ll1lJ'lJfl..:Jlh:; L'I'1fl' 'Uflfl111fld Ldflfl1l'W\\9lJ'Ul Lfl'nj~n~ LLl9lfl~1..:Jl1.J111fl ~m'Uf11 nu1.Jfl~ ~fl..:J'\\.b ~ 1:l m :;'I'1u~fl..:Ju1.Jl\" :;lJ1rul'U'll1..:J f11l\" L1.J~ tI'U LL1.J1:l..:J ~'U LL1:l :;1:l..:JlJ1Vl~llrulfl rh..:J LU'Ul\":;UU fl11lJ LLl9lfl~l..:J'lJfl..:Jf11l\"n~lJ L~'U~ LLi1 ~ ~1..:J nu f11l\"~1 n ~1..:J L~'U n~fl..:Ju'UVi fll mJru;fl1ufllJ l'111'I1'flWMfl Uru; 'U u 'I u 1.Jl\":; Lfl'l'1~ Ln'U111 fl~fl tl1:l :; 1.5 'lJfl..:J ~~ I9lnru'l'i'lJ11:ll1lJ'IJ fl..:J1.Jl\":; L'I'1fl'~fl..:J 1:l~1:l..:J19l1m..:J11l\" Lfl'l\"'joj~n~ l\"1 tl1:l:; L~ tI~'lJfl..:J.uflnl'11'U~ l~tI L'ilVn:;fl Ul..:J~..:J LL1:l :;l\"1 tI ~1tI'v,h , \" fiflll1.J 1U1.Jl\"•..:Jl\"1 tl1U tl1 nUD•l\"ml\"lJ'I'11..:J flll L~'U l1lJ t1..:J<U'UI9l fl'U f11 l\"fll'U1 ru1..:J L~'U n~lJ ~'I'1B1.Jl\":;~liJ ~ fl..:JU..:JrlU1~ tlfl (fI\"l,.'l1lJ1 tI~'I1'w'UDfiij 'I .. 'U '11 V IV I '11 l'l..:Ju ~fl..:J'I111..:J~l Lfl'l\"'joj~n 111'U L1fl..:J<U'UI9lfl'U flll\"1.J1U L1.J~ tI'Ufll til'U1..:J~ll1'U . .'W~ellJ~..:Jf11lfl1UfllJ LL1:l :;1.J1u~lJ~1:l1'Ufl11lJ LLl9lfl~l..:Jl:;'I1il..:Jflll\"n~lJ~ LLi1 ~ ~1..:JnUf11l~lnm..:J L~'UnlJl1-ti1.Jl\":;flflUf11lVl111l\"rul 1'Umuhn~ntlVlu~ 'IJ . .'I'11..:J Dl\"l\"lJ'lfl ~'I11elmru~m'U flll\"ru'i,l fl L~'Uel'Ul,j1.Jfl ~ L'I1Uelfl11lJ~1lJ1l\"tll'U f11 lfl1U f1lJ'IJ el..:J 1iij1J11:l LL1:l:; Lu'U el'Ul9ll\"l tI el Ul..:J ~..:J ~ elfl11lJ~1lJ1l\"tl'l'11..:J .f11l\"L~'U'lJel..:J1iij flll\"~ln~1..:J L~'UnL'I1rlldell~m:;ihl~Ln'Uflil~nl'11'U~l~tI ~ ellfftlflll\"1i111Utl'IJfl..:J~lJ1~fl~fll ~LL'I'1'Ull'jojt1l\"L~tI..:J.ul..:JlJl fl flll\"1i1~Utl'\\.r'U V.<::::to I Q.I \"QJ.c:t 0 .c:::t. i/<I 19lel..:J'W111lrull\"1lJflUf11l11..:J LL~'Uf11l'l1flfl1:lU{lU'I1'U f11l'lfll\":;1..:J L..:J'U flfl'U 19l1lJl1\"n~lJli'l'U1.Jl:;lt1f1l1'11fl~el..:Jm:;l'111'11'LL~1 L~'%11fll £Jl'U L1ml1,nl'11'U~~ ~

Finance . 199 (2) Revenues and expenditures shall in principle be balanced without revenue from credits. This principle shall be satisfied when revenue obtained by the borrowing of funds does not exceed 0.35 percent in relation to the nominal gross domestic product. In addition, when economic developments deviate from normal conditions, effects on the budget in periods of upswing and down- swing must be taken into account symmetrically. Deviations of actual borrowing from the credit limits specified under the first to third sentences are to be recorded on a control account; debits exceeding the threshold of 1.5 percent in relation to the nominal gross domestic product are to be reduced in accordance with the economic cycle. The regulation of details, especially the adjustment of revenue and expenditures with regard to financial transactions and the procedure for the calculation of the yearly limit on net borrowing, taking into account the economic cycle on the basis of a procedure for adjusting the cycle together with the control and balancing of deviations of actual borrowing from the credit limit, requires a federal law. In cases of natural catastrophes or unusual emergency situations beyond governmental control and substantially harmful to the state's financial capacity, these credit limits may be exceeded on the basis of a decision by a majority of the Bundestag's Members. The decision has to be combined with an amortisation plan. Repayment of the credits borrowed under the sixth sentence must be accomplished within an appropriate period of time.

Vi1l1&l IOn .fll1~Uf)\\jn'Uth~ b\\'1~ \"Jl~l'n 115n fll'Jlh~fllffilll~iJel.:!n\\nh~ Ltiff (1) Hlam~LL'YI'I,rnll~p t~tlmll.Jthwm,J'Uf) ,:ql?llam fhH'U~il f)ltull'U\\91'Uf).:Ial1'W'U1:if~f1 flt 'ill.J~t~ tlfl f) .:Ifll\".:1 ~ ~ f)111:i11~f)f!flml.J f) cil.:1 .. 'U .. .. i~ LL~.:I'illflfll'jt'ill.J~~.:Iflrll1 (1'111 ::uf).:If1'U1h:a'YIfl') fll'jflll1'U~~.:Iflrll1 Ll1'm ::'I'h l~ f) f~1J1{l LLli.:l al1-w'U1:if~~f).:I'U f) LL {l::~f) .:Il~flJfl:: LL'U'U l~ tI.:I ,, ''IiJll .:Il.Jl fl 'i0ll'U1'Uaf).:I9L'Uall.J'Uf).:I laq tl.:l'Y.::It l.Jl {l.:lf!:: U'U'U ~ \\v91f).:I ~I f) tlIl.:1'U\" f) tI l 'If.:l u'U '3 CJI q 'iJ l('l tI .:I 'Ul.:1 l.Jl fl'Uf).:Ial.Jl'1:1flam ~ LL'YI'U';;11lt:)';; (2) 111flam'Ufll'jruU.:lri'ULl1'~f).:Iiifll'j~llil'Ufll'jl1''UYI u{l::mflii f)1Janf!~lJJ f)l'ill~ tI.:Il~ eJ'U'I'hLl1'am ~ I I 'YI'Ullll fl'jlJJall.Jl'jfl1i'~lh::'I:Il.J .. 'U 'W .. l~11'Ul1m l1~f)am ~II'YI'U'jlllt:)'jlJJall.Jl'jmh::~l.Jl~t~ tlf!'j'Uf).:Irllh::~l.J t9Ll\"1 \"f!tu::m'jl.J11.\":ifll'j'j1l.J\" f0lll1'U~9L'.Udl'jf).:I'U1f ~tlfJ1fl'~tlf!::U'U'Ul('lt~l.:l\"'Ul.:1 l.Jl fl~l'U1'Uaf).:IL'Uall.J'U f).:I l~tI.:I~l.Jl {l.:lf!:: U'U'U ~.:If) cil .:IUf) tI~f).:I lU'U l~ tI.:I \" .,,, 'Ul.:1l.J1fl'Uf) .:Ial.Jl'1:1flam ~ U'YI'Ullllt:)'j (3) Ll1'lh::1:il'Ulfi'U~ llli .:Ial1-w'U1:if~lh:: fllfl'flnflll1'U ~~.:I fl rll1L'U f~fi'il'ill'4l'Ufl1l1Uli.:lal1'W'U1:if~ UU'Uflt:)l1l.Jlt1 \\911 l.Jl.J1 \\91 'jl 82 mfllJJ all.J1'jfl~llil'Ufll'j~.:Iflrll1l~11'U l1m fllnh::fllfl'Ll1'ii ~{l~1 tl1TIfll'j~'U t~ tI~f).:Iiifllnh::fllfl'fll,;;flll1'U~~.:Iflrl11L'Uf~fi 'il'ill'U l'Ufl1l1 Uli.:lal1-w'U1:if..~. \"\" UU'Uflt:)l1l.Jlt1 l1'UYI~'Wtl~fll'jrultf)Ll1\"l'hl~ .(4) m fl fJ1 tull'U \\91'U f) .:Ial1'W'U1:if~f\"1 flt 'ill.J ~t~ tI fl f).:Ifll \".:I ~ ~ f)111,:i .'Uil{:l::f:lmllf1l'l1U'~l\\19111tlI.,.J:YIllU'tUy'tUWfi)l.1:LIa'lU1-(wl')U1.':..Uiff)~.~:iIile.)Jll'\\U9l1'\"'ijllli11Ull~~l1l'~UYtll1L<lU1'f~).f:I)liJlJl~f)iic\"fiLll''Uj~f1ll'lU1:':U~~ vI Iv U{l::fll 'jlh::fllfl'fll'jflll1'U~t1'U djf) fll'jl1ll.J ~ til.J ~'U;'U t~ tllh::1:il'Ulfi'U~ llli.:lal1'W'U1:if~~f).:Ilh::fllfl'fll'jflll1'U~J'Ul1'UYI~'Wtl~fll'jrultf)Ll1'ihl~

State of Defence . 201 Xa. State of Defence Article 115a [Declaration of state of defence] (1) Any determination that the federal territory is under attack by armed force or imminently threatened with such an attack (state of defence) shall be made by the Bundestag with the consent of the Bundesrat. Such determination shall be made on application of the Federal Government and shall require a two-thirds majority of the votes cast, which shall include at least a majority of the Members of the Bundestag. (2) If the situation imperatively calls for immediate action, and if insurmountable obstacles prevent the timely convening of the Bundestag or the Bundestag cannot muster a quorum, the Joint Com- mittee shall make this determination by a two-thirds majority of the votes cast, which shall include at least a majority of its member . (3) The determination shall be promulgated by the Federal President in the Federal Law Gazette pursuant to Article 82. If this cannot be done in time, promulgation shall be effected in another manner; the determination shall be printed in the Federal Law Gazette as soon as circumstances permit. (4) If the federal territory is under attack by armed force , and if the competent federal authorities are not in a po ition at once to make the determination provided for in the first sentence of paragraph (1) of this Article, the determination shall be deemed to have been made and promulgated at the time the attack began. The Federal President shall announce that time as soon as circumstances permit.

(5) 'I11fliifl1~1.h:;fl1f1'fl1~f11'11'U~fI11:;U eJ.:Jn'U1.h:; Ll'lfl' LLft :;'I11fl eJ1fU1 L'IJ~'lJeJ.:Jft'l1'W''UD1~~flll1l-J~1~ tlfleJ.:Jf11\".:J~~eJ11D lh:;D1'U1fiu~ LL-H.:J ft'l1'W'UD1~ 1~ tlfl11l-J V'UtleJl-J'lJeJ.:Jftfl1 ~LLl'l'U11'1:1tP eJ1l1eJeJfl1.h:;fl1f1'~ll-J flt)'I1l-J1 tI~:;'I1'hn.h:; Ll'lfl'L~ tl1nUfl1~~1~.:JeJ V'lJeJ.:JfI11 :;ueJ.:Jn'U1.h:; Ll'lfl' 'I11fl 'U •L~uI'UmfU~..:l::I l-Jl'..lJ ~:;U9t'U (2) 'lJeJ.:Jl-J1~~1',xU cott 'CJl.I 1flfU:;m~l-J1q Dfl1~~I1l-J~0 1 q L'U'U (l) h1ft'l1'W''UD1~iii11'1fi~~lflt)'I1l-J1 tl11~1 tI.fll1:;U eJ .:In'Ulh:; Ll'lfl' L,s'U L~ tl1 n'U LL~11:; LU'U L~eJ.:J~eJ ~1'Uel1'U111U~U(\\jt\\i~'IJ eJ .:Jl-Jft1~ flt)'I1l-J1 tI ~.:J fl ri11 ~eJ.:JL~1Ufl11l-J V'U tI eJ l-J 111 fl1•Wl ~ fI1 (2) 1'Umru~iifl11l-J~1 Lu'Uel'U L~ eJ .:J1I1 fl'W(] ~ fl1 1UJl'U ~:;'I111.:JfI11:; UeJ .:In'Ulh:; Ll'lfl' flt) 'I1l-J 1tI~'I1'W''UD1~11 ~1 tlfI11 :;UeJ.:J n'U1.h:; Ll'lfl' eJ111 f11'11'U ~1'U L~eJ.:J~.:J~ eJLU.Q 1. f11'11'U~Ul'l LU'W1 :;fl1m~ tl1nmhl'l~ LLl'l'U l'Umruiifll1 L1'U~'U~Lfi~1I1fl.ueJf11'11'U~1'Ul-J1m1 14 (3) 2 . f11'11'U~ L~eJ.:Jfl1~~lnm:; tI:; L1ml'Ufl1~~~~eJ'ULft1f11'W~ ~LeLJ~.f:JlL~l1J.L:fJiL'UU1~I11'fUl~L~~~.::J;.U•QL111''UlU-mJr1u~~~1Ll1J0i4i (2) LLft:; (3) l~tI N'-W'W1 fl'l:llfl'Ul~ 'U ~ll-J1~tl m:;rhfl1~L~fI1 til'U~:; tI:; L1m~u.:JrlU1-til'UtIll-JU fl~

State of Defence . 203 (5) If the determination of a state of defence has been promulgated, and if the federal territory is under attack by armed force, the Federal President, with the consent of the Bundestag, may issue declarations under international law regarding the existence of the state of defence. Under the conditions specified in paragraph (2) of this Article, the Joint Committee shall act in place of the Bundestag. Article llSb [Power of command of the Federal Chancellor] Upon the promulgation of a state of defence the power of command over the Armed Forces shall pass to the Federal Chancellor. Article llSc [Extension of the legislative powers of the Federation] (1) The Federation shall have the right to legislate concurrently for a state of defence even with respect to matters within the legislative powers of the Lander. Such laws shall require the consent of the Bundesrat. (2) To the extent required by circumstances during a state of defence, a federal law for a state of defence may: 1. make temporary provisions concerning compensation in the event of expropriation that deviate from the requirements of the second sentence of paragraph (3) of Article 14; 2. establish a time limit for deprivations of freedom different from that specified in the third sentence of paragraph (2) and the first sentence of paragraph (3) of Article 104, but not exceeding four days, for cases in which no judge has been able to act within the time limit that normally applies.

.(3) fI1 EJL'U'IHm l'II ~~1l1lU'U l~ flful1 fl nu f1Ufl f1i'11l.J1~l.J ~~11 fl U ~ l1~fl~Lf1~~:;t)-:J f1t)l1mEJt111~'UDf~11~bEJfI11:;ufl-:Jn'Ulh:;l'YIfl' lWlEJL~fu . .t111~'UDf:Ull\":;'IJfl-:Jl.J\"f:u1WlEJLlJ~fl-:Jfhii-:Jt)-:J11l.J1W1 8 11l.J1W1 8f1 ll\":; 11l.J1W1 10 'IJfl-:Jf1t)11l.J1EJ~'U~1'Uif J-:Jif fI1EJL~lifl'UL'IJ~l1f11nh:;n'U .fl11l.J~1'j-:Jfl u'lJfl-:Jl.J\"f:u l'YIfI'Ul\" ll\" :;t1l.Jl fll.J 'II fl -:J l'YIfI'Ul\" lWi EJ lU'Yn:; ~ mh-:J~-:JL'Ul1fl-:Jf11'jl~'U (4) f1t)11l.J1EJt111'<WV'UD'j~~'~YI~'j1'~IJ'U~1l.J (1) ~ (2) 9J ~ l1'jfl 'IJfl 1 'IJfl-:Jl.Jl~'jl'U fll~L~u-:JrluL~nfl'U lnWlfl11 :;Ufl-:Jn'Ulh:; l'YIfI' ~;f lVi•fl1~tll•h:;t1-:JrlL'U 'YI-:J'U ~ ~ QJ QJ.r::::t, ~, ,, llWI'Jl 115.:J fl'J:;:'Ul'.HlnU~'Uty ty~fl'Jru'Jl.:Jfl~'Mlll U tHVllU (1) 'j:;1111-:J~flQL'Ufl11:;Ufl-:Jn'Ulh:;l'YIfI' m:;U1'Uf11'j~'jlf1t)l1mEJ t1l1~'UDf~Ll1lu'ULU~ll.JU'YIUtlJtlJllL'U (2) ll\":; (3) 'IJfl-:Jm~'jlif LWlEJLlJ ~fl-:Jfhii-:Jt)-:Ju'YIUtlJtlJllL'Ul.Jl~'jl 76 (2) U'j:;lEJfl~t1fl-:J'lJfl-:Jl.Jl~'jl 77 (1) mml 77 (2) t)-:J (4) l.Jl~'jl 78 ll,,:;mml 82 (1) (2) 'il-:Jf1t)l1l.Jl EJt1l1~'UDf~~ lt1'UflLWI EJf~Ul\" ~-:Jf~Ul\"flll1'UWILl1 •v lU'U l~fl -:J l'i-:J~1'U Ll1lt1'Ufl 191 flll9llt1f11LU'W~fll.J nUf11'j lt1'Ufl'il-:J f1t)l1l.Jl m1'U I9lflt1f11 ~II'YI'UHhlt)'j t1f11 ~II'YIml'1:lt)'jll\":;119llt1f11~fl-:JU'j:;~l.J'i1l.Jn'Ul~fl fli1U'jl EJ'il-:Jf1t)l1m EJ ~-:J f1cll1LWI EJLlJif1~l L'Umru~'il-:J f1{)l1l.Jl EJ~:;l1 t:,wL~ u-:JrlU lU'Uf1t)11l.J1EJL~'Iv1'U 1l1lU'U~fl-:JL~fUfl11l.JU'UEJfll.J~1f1119llt1f11 ll\":; v •• mll.J U'UEJfll.J'I1'U~fl-:Jl.Jl~lf1laEJ-:J.ul-:Jl.Jlf1Vi\"-:Jfl:; II'U'U 'jl EJ\":; l~EJWllfi EJ1nU m:;U1'Uf1uVl~l'jtlnLl1t1m ~II'YIml'1:lt)'jflll1'UWllWi EJ ~fl-:JL~fumll.Ju'UEJ fll.J ~lf11•l9llt1m Ll1111u'j:;lEJfl~t1fl-:J'lJfl-:Jl.Jl~'jl IISf1 (3) l.J1L~u-:JrlUnuf11'j (3) U'j:;f11f1'L~f1t)l1l.Jl EJ~-:Jf1cll1~1EJlWi EJfl11L\"l.J

State of Defence . 205 (3) To the extent necessary to repel an existing or imminently threatened attack, a federal law for a state of defence may, with the consent of the Bundesrat, regulate the administration and finances of the Federation and the Lander without regard to Titles VIII, VIlla and X of this Basic Law, provided that the viability of the Lander, municipalities, and associations of municipalities, especially with respect to financial matters, is assured. (4) Federal laws enacted pursuant to paragraph (1) or clause 1 of paragraph (2) of this Article may, for the purpose of preparing for their enforcement, be applied even before a state of defence arIses. Article 115d [Urgent bills] (1) During a state of defence the federal legislative process shall be governed by the provisions of paragraphs (2) and (3) of this Article without regard to the provisions of paragraph (2) of Article 76, the second sentence of paragraph (1) and paragraphs (2) to (4) of Article 77, Article 78, and paragraph (1) of Article 82. (2) Federal Government bills that the Government designates as urgent shall be forwarded to the Bundesrat at the same time as they are submitted to the Bundestag. The Bundestag and the Bundesrat shall debate such bills in joint session without delay. Insofar as the consent of the Bundesrat is necessary for any such bill to become law, a majority of its votes shall be required. Details shall be regulated by rules of procedure adopted by the Bundestag and requiring the con ent of the Bundesrat. (3) The second sentence of paragraph (3) of Article lISa shall apply to the promulgation of such laws mutatis mutandis.

206 . rm::lIll-3fi'tnh::L'I'1ff v ~I q v ~ qI ~,q _I •~fl':) lu'\\.m1U':)'lJ1':):w1f1'lJfl 'H1lJ1'lff1flru~fl'j·nnl:ifll';j';j1lJ l'l1'U11 lJfluCf';j';jfl er,lbJm'l'l1~f1l~ tt.:)1~lhL-.1·bJCf1lJ1';jf),r~u';j~'lflJCfm ~ II'Yl'U';j11ol0f./l';jl~'Yl'Ul1m • '\\J 'I1~flll.i fl1 'lU ';j~'l1lJ Cffll ~ II 'Yl'U ';j1 101 0 ';jl~l~ ttfl';jU fl':)rlU';j~'l1lJ L-.1fl ru~ , ... ~ ll\"~1~Cfm 1~ ttL-.1L~ fl'j';jlJ1TIfll';ji1lJVi1'l1ihVi II 'Yl'U'Yl.:)Cfm I I 'Yl'U'J11ol 0f.l/';j • '\\J e)1'U1'l'lJfl.:).J':)Cffl':)CfmL'U~1'U~ llJ'Ufl':)rlfl'j l~ tt1 (2) f10'l1:w1tt~flru~fl'j';jlJfll';ji1lJm1~'Ull.im'llltil'lJ l~lJ l~lJ ttf1l~f1 .<:t, l l ' Q. I cv 0 'I1lJ1 ttlJ'l'Uf~1:'UX'Ul l II ~ ~mf~lU1':) ri1'U fl ru ~ f1 .q I mf l f1L'lff1 J11 'Yl':)'I1lJ ';j';jlJ1l:ifll ';j';j1lJ ll.iile)1'U1'l~';j1f10'l1lJ1 tt1~ ttm~tte)1'U1'lmlJU';j~lttfl~CfeJ':)'lJfl':)lJ1~';j1 23 (l) :w1~';j1 24 (l) 'I1~fl:w1~';j1 29 (l ) L'U';j~'I1i1.:)~fl QL'Ufl11dJfl':)f1'Uu';j~ l'Ylf1 'I11f1ill'lfl~fll';jru~lllJ'U ...Q.J . .';j~1J1\" IImCf'l1l'l'Ul:i';j~m'l~ll'U'Ufll';j~.:)'Uo .q Q.I .c:I I Q.J Q.I Cf'l1vr'Ul:ii'~ 2, fl fl f1fh~.:).J.:)19i fl'l1'\\.b tt ':)1'U'Yl1':)U f1fl';ifl.:)'lJ fl ':)Cf'l1vr'Ul:ii'~ ll\" ~ . .I9ifli'~1J1\" llli':)lJ\"i'~ ll\"~'I11f1li1'Ui1llJ'Ul~fl':) d':)~1'U flflf1 , fi1ft.:)19i fl'l1ti1 tt ':)l'U'lJfl':)lJ\"i'~ ll\" ~ m 'llJ flU e)1'U1'li':)f1rl11 . .L-.1lltiCflJ1;f1'lJfl.:)i'~u1\" llli':)lJ\"i'~~llJ~~'Ufl1'l1'U~ (2 ) Cfm ~ ll'Yl'U'J11ol0';j 1~Cfm ll\" ~flru ~ fl'j';jlJ1TIfll';ji1lJ ~fl.:)l~ i'ufll';j';j1tt':)1'UL-.1m1u~':)lJ1~';jfll';j~'\\.h:w1L~mlJ (l ) 'lJfl':):w1~';j1;11~ tt ll.i'lTf1~l

State of Defence _ 207 Article nSe [Joint Committee] (1) If, during a state of defence, the Joint Committee by a two-thirds majority of the votes cast, which shall include at least a majority of its members, determines that insurmountable obstacles prevent the timely convening of the Bundestag or that the Bundestag cannot muster a quorum, the Joint Committee shall occupy the posi- tion of both the Bundestag and the Bundesrat and shall exercise their powers as a single body. (2) This Basic Law may neither be amended nor abrogated nor suspended in whole or in part by a law enacted by the Joint Committee. The Joint Committee shall have no power to enact laws pursuant to the second sentence of paragraph (1) of Article 23 , paragraph (1) of Article 24, or Article 29. Article nSf [Use of Federal Border Police ) Extended powers of instruction] (1) During a state of defence the Federal Government, to the extent circumstances require, may: 1. employ the Federal Border Police throughout the federal territory; 2 issue instructions not only to federal administrative au- thorities but also to Land governments and, if it deems the matter urgent, to Land authorities, and may delegate this power to members of Land governments designated by it. (2) The Bundestag, the Bundesrat and the Joint Committee shall be informed without delay of the measures taken in accordance with paragraph (1) of this Article.

,n ~l'n 115'If v ,v Q.I ~Hn 'U::: 'lJ eJ \\j ffl ~ 'H'; 'iin)JlUll U't1·Hf't1 ffU 'ii 'H'; -'Ii qJU ow o 0 iJ-=:t. IV cV ~m 'U:: 'Yl1 \\ll;j Dn:w 'U UJ u,,:: fl1l'Yll '\\1 'U 1 'Yl 'Yl1 \\ll;jD n:w 'U UJ 'lJ fl \\I ~ ~u ~ ~u fl'1\" r;jDll:W'U UJ U'I1 \\I ~'\\1W'UDr;jl1jfl ~lii'Yn fl1J1'lJ fl\\l fl'1\" \\9l\\lflri11ii fl1 ~y'h111 .. ~ u ~~ l~fl:W l~U fltl 11:W1U11~i'1 Ufl'l\"r~Dn:W\\ft1J II'I1\\1~l1W'UDr~fl1~l~ru flll unl'lJ l~:W l~:W1~ Ufltll1:W1U~flru::ml:W1Bflll~1:wm1;ff'U lU'Yn::1'Umru~ fl'l\"r;jDn:w'U UJ u'11 \\I~l1W'UDr;j li1'U11~ll1J'U l~fl~~l\\1l1\"fl1h::tl'Uufifl'l\" .. ~ u ~ 111~1:W1lflyJ111U1~'lJfl\\l~'Ul~fl~l\\1~fll~fl\\l~fllU 1m::1111\\1flll~llfltll1:W1U \\9l\\lflri11 fl'l\"r~Dll:W\\ft1J II'I1\\1~l1W'UDr~fl1~1oM:W1~lflllll'll~ ~ll1J'U l~fl111 un\" lU111:W1 uJ'U flll1i1~UU'lJfl\\lfl'1\"r;jDn:w'UUJ U'l1\\1~l1W'UDr;j~l:W .. ... ~ u ~ .m1:w1'U:I.J1 ~Hd ~fl\\ll~rU l~ U\\I<U1\\1:1.J1fl'lJfl\\l ~lii'Yl1fl1J1~ l<U1'b:WUl::'li:W ~ (l) 111~11UUl::'l!:wi1~Ut1J~'lJfl\\l~fl1 ~ u 'Ylm11Jtlll1jfl'lJfl'lr~~fl1 . .II'I1'l:w\"r;j~~fl\\l~'U~~\"\\I'l'U l::1111'lfl11 ::Ufl'ltl'UUl:: l'Ylfl''lJ U1 Ufl flfllufl fl . .l1fll~fl'UUU ll~fl11 ::Ufl\\ltl'UUl:: l'Ylfl•'U~\"'l 11111l::flll¢i1l\\l¢i1 u ml\\l'lJfl\\l Ul::D1'U1BU~ u 'I1'l~l1w'UDr;j.yoj~fl\\li\":1'U~~\"\\l1m ::1111'lfl11::Ufl 'l tl'UUl:: l'Ylfl' u\" ::ll1fl1l'loM~l'U 1 ~'lJ fl\\l Ul ::D1 mBU ~1~ uu l::D1 'U 1•~ ~fl11 'U fllru~ .Ul::D1'U1BU~ II'I1'l~l1w'UDr;j~'U~lfl¢i1 u mi'lfifl'U11l::'lJ U1 uflflflluflfl ~llfiii1'lY~lf1lf'lU1UJ1UfUl~'f1l\"1r1;:j:DUnf:wl'\\UlUtJl'uU'UIl1:\\:1l~'lY1lfWl'•'UUD~\"r\\;Ij~ 1 1 1 1 1 l : : f l l l ¢ i 1 l \\I¢i1ll ml\\l'lJfl\\l 'U .. ~ u ~fl \\I~'U ~~\" \\l1'U l::'\\111\\1fl11:: ~ .. Ufl\\ltl'UUl:: l'Ylfl''lJ U1 uflflfllUflfll1fll~ fl'UUU U~fl11 ::Ufl\\ltl'UUl:: l'Ylfl•'U~\"\\I

State of Defence • 209 Article USg [Federal Constitutional Court] Neither the constitutional status nor the perfonnance of the constitutional functions of the Federal Constitutional Court or its judges may be impaired. The law governing the Federal Constitu- tional Court may be amended by a law enacted by the Joint Commit- tee only insofar as the Federal Constitutional Court agrees is neces- sary to ensure that it can continue to perfonn its functions. Pending the enactment of such a law, the Federal Constitutional Court may take such measures as are necessary to this end. Detenninations by the Federal Constitutional Court pursuant to the second and third sentences of this Article shall be made by a majority of the judges present. Article USh [Expiry of electoral terms and terms of office] (1) Any electoral tenns of the Bundestag or of Land parlia- ments due to expire during a state of defence shall end six months after the termination of the state of defence. A tenn of office of the Federal President due to expire during a state of defence, and the exercise of his functions by the President of the Bundesrat in case of the premature vacancy of his office, shall end nine months after the tennination of the state of defence. The tenn of office of a member of the Federal Constitutional Court due to expire during a state of defence shall end six months after the tennination of the state of defence.

210 • tlTJ::uij-3n'Ulh::Ll1ff (2) '111nflru::f1'j'j\"J.J1TIfll':d1lJ llhrhllllU'U~\\)::~tl~ l~tln'Ul unf~lJ'U\\9l~ lll1~(1'11~'UDf~fl'U1'11J.J Hfflru::nnlJ1TIf11'j\"11lJ¢illu'Uf11'j\" l~tln ~1 Ufl:: II'U'U laU~'1h~lJln'IJtl~(1m;nflru::nnmTInn11lJ lh::Dl'U1TIU~lll1~(1'11~'UDf~ ~ tl ~ l(1'U tl ~tl ~~ fl ru (1J.,J1r~ ~ \\) ::l~fu l ~ tl n 1'.1n U fI ru:: n nlJ 1TI nU11lJ 'U , flru::n nlJ1TIf11'j\"11lJ til \\) ll(1\\9l~fl1llJlJ.J111l ~1\\)'Ul Unf~lJ'U\\9l~ lll1~(1'11~'UDf~ il~~1 Uf11 'j\" l~ tl n ~ ~¢il 'j\" ~ I9llll'\\1l1~'Ul un f;jlJ'U \\9l~ II'YI'U~1 Ufl:: II'U'U lau ~ 'U ~ .ul ~ lJl n 'ill'U1'U(1tl ~1'U(1llJ'IJ tl ~ (1lJl;nflru:: n nmTIf11 'j\"~1lJ ll'h,r'U (3) l1llJ U, U(1fl1 ~~ II'YI'Un~J wf\"l'j\"'lJru::tl c~l1'Ufl11 ::t1tl~ nmh:: l'YIi1 ).11 \\?I'n 115rn f o 1 U 1 'i)'\\J f).:i QJ tum',UQJ t.'j'IHi ) 'Hi1Jl \"\" \"\" (l) '111 ntl ~rlml'U'j\"::~U \"'I1~'UDf~~~ eJl'Ul\\)'I1iIl~ l ~ u1.utl~1J.J (1llJ Utl I9lllU'U lJl \\9l 'j\"nu~ 'illlU til~tl'l1~n l ~ u~mr'U\\9l'j\"l tI llCl::'I11 n \" t I l ' U f11'j\"\"r.u,U~f.l, U 'It''l\"1\\'\"9ltl~ m::'YI0lf11'j\"'t1~ t'I\"tl \" ' j \" : : t l , .~'Y,I'U \"'1 .K ..l'1 .K ..l 'YI t'U 'W'U'YI tWl'W 'U 'YI til 'I1~~'IJ tl ~ tll rull'IJ \\9l \"'I1~'UDf~ 1l1f!Ul Cllll1 ~lJ Clf~'I1~tl '11'111 tI ~l 'U 'I1~tl ~1ll'YI'U~f~1J1Cllll1~lJClf~fh'l1'UWI~eJl'Ul \\)¢illu'Um \\9l'j\"f11'j\"\\9lllJ~utyty~H l'UmWl'j\"l 115u (1) fl1t11'U'lJtlUl'IJ\\9leJl'U1\\)'I1iIl~'lJtl~\\9l'U (2) m\\9l'j\"f11'j\"~t1llJl1~\\9lllJ (1) 'lJtl~m\\9lHd'tll\\)tlntlf1l~nl~tI 'U f~1J1Cllll1~(1'11~'UDf~l'U l1Cll1Wlfil~ 'I1~tll'Umt1l~ l~ tl1nU'I1'111t1~1'U'lJtl~ lJClf~ llCl ::'11'111 tI~l'Urll~mtl~'lJtl~(1'11~'UDf~ lJl \\9l'j\"f11 'j\"~~ nril1 tll\\) ~n . .tI n l~ n1~1W1 tlf;jlJ'U\\9l~'I1~m.h::Dl'U1TIU~ lll1~lJClf;j

State of Defence . 211 (2) Should it be necessary for the Joint Committee to elect a new Federal Chancellor, it shall do so by the votes of a majority of its members; the Federal President shall propose a candidate to the Joint Committee. The Joint Committee may express its lack of confidence in the Federal Chancellor only by electing a successor by a two-thirds majority of its members. (3) The Bundestag shall not be dissolved while a state of defence exists. Article 115i [Powers of the Land governments] (1) If the competent federal bodies are incapable of taking the measures necessary to avert the danger, and if the situation imperatively calls for immediate independent action in particular areas of the federal territory, the Land governments or the authorities or representatives they designate shall be authorised, within their respective spheres of competence, to take the measures provided for in paragraph (1) of Article ll5f. (2) Any measures taken in accordance with paragraph (1) of this Article may be rescinded at any time by the Federal Govern- ment, or, with respect to Land authorities and subordinate federal authorities, by Minister-Presidents of the Lander.

. ... .(1) nt)'VIl.Jl£JYi~'jl~'U\\9mJl,ml'n 115fl l.Jl~'jl 115'il Ll(l::l.Jlml ... 115')j Ll(l::nt)'VIl.Jl £Jih\\91U'jel~Yi~'jl~'U1~£Jenfl£J~1'Ul'il~1l.Jnt)'VIl.J1£J~,:If)cl11 n ~m::rlJm'ju~r1lJL';;nt)'VIl.Jl £J~-U~nlJnt)'VIl.J1 ml'U ~ (I el~ llm~nt)'VIl.Jl £J ~~ncll1n ~(lU~r1lJl';; lJ'Ylut\\jt\\jlld'lJl'I1'\\.hl.J11,;;u~r1lJnlJ nt)'VIl.Jl £J~~'jl;ff'U ... riel'U'VIthU'U~ll.Jl.Jl~'jl 115fl l.Jl~'jl 115'il 'VI~ell.Jl~'jl 115')j .(2) nt)'V.I..l.Jl £J~flru::m'jl.J1Bm'j11l.JL'I1fl11l.J ll1'U')jellJ Ll(l ::nt)'VIl.Jl £J ... \"l~mel ~Yi~'jl~'U1~ £Jellfl£Jell'Ul 'il ~ll.Jnt)'VIl.J1 £J~~ncll1 L'I1~'U ~ (lU~r1lJL';; fl1 £JL'UllmllJ In'U'VIn l~el'UlrlJ Lll'lnm'j£Jn l~nfl11::iJel~n'Ulh :: l'YlfY (3) nt)'VIl.Jl£J~nlJ'YlUt\\jt\\jll~~Ll~nl'll~'11'illnl.Jlml 91 n l.J1~'jl 91'U l.Jl~'jl 104n l.Jl~'jl 106 ll(l::l.Jl~'jl 107 L'I1L';;u~r1lJlu'Ul1m'lJln'U fll'1U£~J''UVI~•\"~~im'Jj~~l'JU1~1('ljU::~lr.J1llrJuL'~;;~eln~t'I)1'VlJIl.LJ1ll'£l Jn~~nn1cl'jl£1Jenlll'~iln'f~ifll1J:m:'ijJLellt~lnl'U'U1l1~'lj.:J: l'Yl fY l~l.J 1~ .Unt)'VIl.Jl £J~'VIl'l'UDf~ l~el~'il ::'~mi'lJ~'U~~fl1'W l~l.J ~ll.JlJ'YlUt\\jqJ~'Uel~ ... ... 'VIm~Yi 8n ll(l :: 'VIm~ 10 11~i11~£J'~flJfl11l.JU'U£Jell.J'illm\\•9ll~fl1 t::). Q 0 QJ QJ Q llWI'Jl 115.g fl1nlfH~fllll~'Jfl1'J,)'Hfl1:l fl1'J'YIltftytyltf'U~ill'W (1) ~m ~ Ll'Yl'U'jl1Jt)'j1~ £Jfl11l.J U'UUell.J'lJel~l\\9ll~m ell'il £Jf)l~n ~netl)'V~'IUl.eJllL£'JI~~1'~jlm;f~f'LUl 'Y1l~'U£'jJlf1lJrut):':jn\"n'1l.fJ)11B'jn19U1~1~'1Ul1.'JiLl L'U'Ulll1eml L~~dn'~l.J11•~\\9'llj~nflu1 Lel~l'~il fl ru::n 'j'jl.J1Bf)1'j11l.J'VI~el~ f~1J1(1 ll'l1 ~~'VIl'l'UDf~'\\.h l.J1L';;L'Uf)1'jiJel~ n'U fiU'U~'jl £JL'I1~n £In l~n l~el~fl1 ~Ll'Yl'U'jl1Jt)'jLl(l ::l\\9ll~fl1I91~~'UL'ill'll'U'!'U

State of Defence . 213 Article 115k [Rank and duration of emergency provisions] (1) Laws enacted in accordance with Articles lISc, lISe and l1Sg, as well as statutory instruments issued on the basis of such laws, shall suspend the operation of incompatible law so long as they are in effect. This provision shall not apply to earlier law enacted pursuant to Articles lISc, l1Se or l1Sg. (2) Laws adopted by the Joint Committee, as well as statutory instruments issued on the basis of such laws, shall cease to have effect no later than six months after the termination of a state of defence. (3) Laws containing provisions that diverge from Articles 91 a, 91b, 104a, 106 and 107 shall apply no longer than the end of the second fiscal year following the termination of a state of defence. After such termination they may, with the consent of the Bundesrat, be amended by a federal law so as to revert to the provisions of Titles VIlla and X. Article 1151 [Repeal of emergency measures> Conclusion of peace] (1) The Bundestag, with the consent of the Bundesrat, may at any time repeal laws enacted by the Joint Committee. The Bundesrat may demand that the Bundestag reach a decision on this question. Any measures taken by the Joint Committee or by the Federal Government to avert a danger shall be rescinded if the Bundestag and the Bundesrat so decide.

214 • fm:;i1fl~fi'lnh::L'I1~ (2) Cf fll ~ II'Yl 'U ~11lt) ~t~ tlfl11~ ~ 'U tI fJ ~'lJ fJ \\l11ili Cffll fJl 'iJ U~:; fll ff ufll~flm1:;iJfJ\\lti''Uu~:; l'YlffL'U l1mL~fi ~l~ fl1~19i'~a'UL'iJ19i'\\I flri11Ll1U~:;fl1ff t~ tlU~:;iil'UlTIlJ~ lll'i\\lCf'Hvr'Ujjf~ 1IiliCfmfJ1'iJ~fJ\\I'lJfJHfCfm ~II'Ylmlllt)~ . d . r . t~..~, (1~'U'1L'iJ'1L'Ul~fJ\\I'U fl1~u~1:;fl1fftlfll(\";lf'lm!1:;'ufIJ\\l'fl\"'Uu~.:1;l'Ylff\\9.l,fJ\\lm:;'Yl0 l ~tI ~bJifl;h 'Hl fll~ fJ'UL'lJL'Uflnfh'H'U~m1 :;UfJ\\I ti''Uu~:; l'YlffLtiiJfJ £,.lfl fl~fJLU (3) fl1 ~'V111:1t1J t1Jl 1:1'U ~m WLl1lU'ULu \\9l1~~ flt)'Hm tlCf'Hvr'Ujjf~ nl'H'U~

State of Defence . 215 (2) The Bundestag, with the consent of the Bundesrat, may at any time, by a decision to be promulgated by the Federal President, declare a state of defence terminated. The Bundesrat may demand that the Bundestag reach a decision on this question. A state of defence shall be declared terminated without delay if the conditions for determining it no longer exist. (3) The conclusion of peace shall be determined by a federal law.

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Transi tional and Concluding Provisions . 217 XI. Transitional and Concluding Provisions Article 116 [Definition of \"German\" > Restoration of citizenship] (1) Unless otherwise provided by a law, a German within the meaning of this Basic Law is a person who possesses German citizenship or who has been admitted to the territory of the German Reich within the boundaries of 31 December 1937 as a refugee or expellee of German ethnic origin or as the spouse or descendant of such person. (2) Former German citizens who between 30 January 1933 and 8 May 1945 were deprived of their citizenship on political, racial or religious grounds, and their descendants , shall on application have their citizenship restored. They shall be deemed never to have been deprived of their citizenship if they have established their domicile in Germany after 8 May 1945 and have not expressed a contrary intention. Article 117 [Suspended entry into force of two basic rights] (1) Law which is inconsistent with paragraph (2) of Article 3 of this Basic Law shall remain in force until adapted to that provision, but not beyond 31 March 1953. (2) Laws that restrict freedom of movement in view of the present housing shortage shall remain in force until repealed by a federal law.

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Transitional and Concluding Provisions . 219 Article 118 [New delimitation of Baden and Wiirttemberg] The division of the territory comprising Baden, Wiirttemberg- Baden and Wiirttemberg-Hohenzollern into Lander may be revised, without regard to the provisions of Article 29, by agreement between the Lander concerned. If no agreement is reached, the revision shall be effected by a federal law, which shall provide for an advisory referendum. Article 118a [New delimitation of Berlin and Brandenburg] The division of the territory comprising Berlin and Brandenburg into Lander may be revised, without regard to the provisions of Article 29, by agreement between the two Lander with the participation of their inhabitants who are entitled to vote. Article 119 [Refugees and expellees] In matters relating to refugees and expellees , especially as regards their distribution among the Lander, the Federal Government, with the consent of the Bundesrat, may issue statutory instruments having the force of law, pending settlement of the matter by a federal law. In this connection the Federal Government may be authorised to issue individual instructions in particular cases. Unless time is of the essence, such instructions shall be addressed to the highest Land authorities.

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Transitional and Concluding Provisions. 221 Article 120 [Occupation costS> Burdens resulting from the war] (1) The Federation shall finance the expenditures for occupa- tion costs and other internal and external burdens resulting from the war, as regulated in detail by federal laws. To the extent that these war burdens were regulated by federal laws on or before I October 1969, the Federation and the Lander shall finance such expenditures in the proportion established by such federal laws. Insofar as expen- ditures for such of these war burdens as neither have been nor will be regulated by federal laws were met on or before 1 October 1965 by Lander, municipalities (associations of municipalities), or other entities performing functions of the Lander or municipalities, the Federation shall not be obliged to finance them even after that date. The Federation shall be responsible for subsidies toward meeting the costs of social security, including unemployment insurance and public assistance to the unemployed. The distribution of war burdens between the Federation and the Lander prescribed by this paragraph shall not be construed to affect any law regarding claims for compensation for consequences of the war. (2) Revenue shall pass to the Federation at the time it assumes responsibility for the expenditures referred to in this Article.

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Transitional and Concluding Prov isions . 223 Article 120a [Equalisation of burdens] (1) Laws implementing the equalisation of burdens may, with the consent of the Bundesrat, provide that with respect to equalisation payments they shall be executed partly by the Federation and partly by the Lander acting on federal commission, and that the relevant powers vested in the Federal Government and the competent highest federal authorities by virtue of Article 85 shall be wholly or partly delegated to the Federal Equalisation of Burdens Office. In exercising these powers, the Federal Equalisation of Burdens Office shall not require the consent of the Bundesrat; except in urgent cases, its instructions shall be given to the highest Land authorities (Land Equalisation of Burdens Offices). (2) The second sentence of paragraph (3) of Article 87 shall not be affected by this provision. Article 121 [Definition of \"majority of the members\"] Within the meaning of this Basic Law, a majority of the Members of the Bundestag and a majority of the members of the Federal Convention shall be a majority of the number of their members specified by a law. Article 122 [Date of transmission of legislative powers] (1) From the date on which the Bundestag first convenes, laws shall be enacted only by the legislative bodies recognised by this Basic Law.

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Transitional and Concluding Provisions. 225 (2) Legislative bodies and institutions participating in the legislative process in an advisory capacity whose competence expires by virtue of paragraph (1) of this Article shall be dissolved as of that date. Article 123 [Continued applicability of pre-existing law] (1) Law in force before the Bundestag first convenes shall remain in force insofar as it does not conflict with this Basic Law. (2) Subject to all rights and objections of interested parties, treaties concluded by the German Reich concerning matters within the legislative competence of the Lander under this Basic Law shall remain in force, provided they are and continue to be valid under general principles of law, until new treaties are concluded by the authorities competent under this Basic Law, or until they are in some other way terminated pursuant to their provisions. Article 124 [Continued applicability of law within the scope of exclusive legislative power] Law regarding matters subject to the exclusive legislative power of the Federation shall become federal law in the area in which it applies. Article 125 [Continued applicability of law within the scope of concurrent legislative power] Law regarding matters subject to the concurrent legislative power of the Federation shall become federal law in the area in which it applies:

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Transitional and Concluding Provisions. 227 1. insofar as it applies uniformly within one or more occupation zones; 2. insofar as it is law by which former Reich law has been amended since 8 May 1945. Article 12Sa [Continued applicability of federal law ) Replacement by Land law] (1) Law that was enacted as federal law but that by virtue of the amendment of paragraph (1) of Article 74, the insertion of the seventh sentence of paragraph (1) of Article 84, the second sentence of paragraph (1) of Article 85 or of the second sentence of paragraph (2a) of Article 105, or because of the repeal of Articles 74a, 75 or the second sentence of paragraph (3) of Article 98 could no longer be enacted as federal law, shall remain in force as federal law. It may be superseded by Land law. (2) Law that was enacted pursuant to paragraph (2) of Article 72 as it stood up to 15 November 1994 but which, because of the amendment of paragraph (2) of Article 72, could no longer be enacted as federal law shall remain in force as federal law. A federal law may provide that it may be superseded by Land law. (3) Law that has been enacted as Land law but which, because of the amendment of Article 73, could not be enacted any longer as Land law shall continue in force as Land law. It may be superseded by federal law.

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Transitional and Concluding Provisions . 229 Article 12Sb [Continued applicability of framework laws >Deviation power of the Lander] (1) Law that was enacted pursuant to Article 75 as it stood up to 1 September 2006, and which could be enacted as federal law even after this date, shall remain in force as federal law. The powers and duties of the Lander to legislate shall in this regard remain unaffected. In the areas referred to in the first sentence of paragraph (3) of Article 72 the Lander may enact regulations that deviate from this law; however, in those areas covered by clauses 2, 5 and 6 of the first sentence of Article 72 the Lander may do so only if and insofar as the Federation has made use of its power to legislate after 1 September 2006, in those areas covered by clauses 2 and 5 beginning at the latest on 1 January 2010, in cases under clause 6 beginning at the latest on 1 August 2008. (2) The Lander may enact regulations deviating from federal regulations enacted pursuant to paragraph (1) of Article 84 as it stood up to 1 September 2006; up to 31 December 2008, however, they may deviate from regulations on administrative procedure only if, after 1 September 2006, regulations on administrative procedure in the relevant federal law have been amended.

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Transitional and Concluding Provisions . 231 Article 12Sc [Continued applicability of law within the scope of joint tasks] (1) Law that was enacted by virtue of paragraph (2) of Article 91a in conjunction with clause 1 of paragraph (1) as it stood up to I September 2006 shall continue in force until 31 December 2006. (2) The regulations enacted in the areas of municipal traffic financing and promotion of social housing by virtue of paragraph (4) of Article 104a as it stood up to 1 September 2006 shall remain in force until 31 December 2006. The regulations enacted on municipal traffic financing for special programmes pursuant to paragraph (1) of Article 6 of the Municipal Traffic Financing Act, as well as the other regulations enacted pursuant to paragraph (4) of Article 104a as it stood up to 1 September 2006, shall continue in force until 31 December 2019, provided no earlier repeal has been or is determined. Article 126 [Determination about continued applicability of law as federal law] Disagreements concerning the continued applicability of law as federal law shall be resolved by the Federal Constitutional Court. Article 127 [Extension of law to the French zone and to Berlin] Within one year after promulgation of this Basic Law the Federal Government, with the consent of the governments of the Lander concerned, may extend to the Lander of Baden, Greater Berlin, Rhineland-Palatinate and Wiirttemberg-Hohenzollern any law of the Administration of the Combined Economic Area, insofar as it remains in force as federal law under Article 124 or 125.

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Transitional and Concluding Provisions . 233 Article 128 [Continued authority to issue instructions] Insofar as law that remains in force grants authority to issue instructions within the meaning of paragraph (5) of Article 84, this authority shall remain in existence until a law otherwise provides. Article 129 [Continued authority to issue legal acts] (1) Insofar as legal provisions that remain in force as federal law grant authority to issue statutory instruments or general administrative rules or to make administrative decisions in individual cases, such powers shall pass to the authorities that henceforth have competence over the subject matter. In cases of doubt the Federal Government shall decide in agreement with the Bundesrat; such decisions shall be published. (2) Insofar as legal provisions that remain in force as Land law grant such authority, it shall be exercised by the authorities competent under Land law. (3) Insofar as legal provisions within the meaning of paragraphs (1) and (2) of this Article grant authority to amend or supplement the provisions themselves or to issue legal provisions that have the force of laws, such authority shall be deemed to have expired. (4) The provisions of paragraphs (1) and (2) of this Article shall apply mutatis mutandis to legal provisions that refer to provisions no longer in force or to institutions no longer in existence.

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Transitional and Concluding Provisions _ 235 Article 130 [Transfer of existing administrative institutions] (1) Administrative agencies and other institutions that serve the public administration or the administration of justice and are not based on Land law or on agreements between Lander, as well as the Administrative Union of South West German Railways and the Administrative Council for Postal and Telecommunications Services for the French Occupation Zone, shall be placed under the control of the Federal Government. The Federal Government, with the consent of the Bundesrat, shall provide for their transfer, dissolution, or liquidation. (2) The supreme disciplinary authority for the personnel of these administrative bodies and institutions shall be the competent Federal Minister. (3) Corporations and institutions under public law not directly subordinate to a Land nor based on agreements between Lander shall be under the supervision of the competent highest federal authority.

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Transitional and Concluding Prov isions . 237 Article 131 [Persons formerly in the public service] The legal relations of persons, including refugees and expellees, who on 8 May 1945 were employed in the public service, have left the service for reasons other than those recognised by civil service regulations or collective bargaining agreements, and have not yet been reinstated or are employed in positions that do not correspond to those they previously held, shall be regulated by a federal law. The same shall apply mutatis mutandis to persons, including refugees and expellees, who on 8 May 1945 were entitled to pensions and related benefits and who for reasons other than those recognised by civil service regulations or collective bargaining agreements no longer receive any such pension or related benefits. Until the pertinent federal law takes effect, no legal claims may be made, unless Land law otherwise provides. Article 132 [Retirement of civil servants] (1) Civil servants and judges who enjoy life tenure when this Basic Law takes effect may, within six months after the Bundestag first convenes, be retired, suspended, or transferred to lower-salaried positions if they lack the personal or professional aptitude for their present positions. This provision shall apply mutatis mutandis to salaried public employees, other than civil servants or judges, whose employment cannot be terminated at will. In the case of salariedemployees whose employment may be terminated at will, notice periods longer than those set by collective bargaining agreements may be rescinded within the same period.

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