Thuv ien cac nuoc DNA (TV310)

3.6. Myanmar ll'hu vien c6 tinh chai cdng c6ng ddu tien Ii Thrr vi6n Bernard Free. Thif vi6n niy drldc xay ddng thdng 2 nim 1883 tai Lower Myanmar, Yangon. Sau d6 li thLr vi6n c6ng c6ng Mandalay, drrctc xay ddng nlm l89l d Upper Myanmar, Mandalay. M6t trong nh[ng ngUdi d.,iu tjen girip xiy ddng rhu vi6n cdng cdng lir dng U. Sonny. Ong U. Sonny y6u tliich sdch tii khi 6ng lim thu ki cho c6ng ty taxi crja m6t ngddi Anh (6ng IJ.E. Parrot). 6ng U. Sr:nny di doc vi thLr thdp sdch cho thrt vi6n ri6ng cLia minh. Ong cd xLrdng in rieng vii cll criing vrli nhi virn U.P. Monin in sdch phuc vu cho c6ng chring Myanrnar. Sau Chidn tranh Thd gidi thrl Il, 194-5, 6ng nrd ddc thilnh lip rd biLo ngi\\y \"The Lanhnyum\"('I'he Guidc) nhdng kh6ng thi:rh cdng. SaLr d6, 6ng ting xdSng in cho mdt tti chrk chinh rli hiLng driu (Lien hi6p nhihg ngddi cho'ng Ph;itxit). U. Sonny d[ nhidu ldn b:]n bac vrJi cic nhi vin, nhir xui't bln, nhi girio duc vi rnoi nguiji rl6u thdng ntrl't lir con <lLrdng hieu quir vir kinh Ld nhnt c1d dua th6ng rin, <1d giiio duc nhen den Myanmar lI th)nh lip thr/ vi6n. 6nq gfri th6ng bdo tren brio ring 6ng se giri sdch cho nhfing nh6m n_qriaji tich cdc thinh l0p u! ban xiy drrng thrr vi6n cOng c6ng. Vtli thOng bdo niy, nhidu nh6m da tharn gia vio viec thirnh lip thu vi6n Bing cdch niry, U.Sonny da girip th)nh lip khoing 800 thLr vien rr€n todn qu6c. Bdn canh d6, 86 Virn hori cung brir tliiLr dich vu rhd vi6n bhng vi6<: thtinh lip nhtrng thrl vien cdng c6ng viio nirnt 1955. Hiu hdt cdc thinh pho ldn ctia 7 bang ddu dA c6 rhtr vien c0ns cons. 101

Thlng 1 nirn 199 L, t]Q T1r6ng tin da thinh lip Vu Th6ng tin vi 'l'r'uydn th6ng c6ng c0ng dd xiy dLlng thrJ viOn c6ng c6ng rong mgi thinh phd cfra qudc gia. 'Iir rhiing I nirm 1992 d€n thirng l0 nirm 1995, B0'l'h6ng tin cld mE 9 khoi hudn luy6n 4 ttrhng vd r:6ng liic thu vi6n, ddo tao lton 350 ngLrdi trd thinh c6n b6 thLr vi6n. NhidLr thLi vi6n cOng c6ng cla cung cii'p dich vu thLl vi0n il nhidu virng sAu. ving xa. Tllrr vi8n c6ng cdng ndi tidng ohai la Thd vi6n Sarpay Beikman 3 Yirngon. l'hu vi6n niy du'clc thinh lip til thdng 3 ndm 1956. Thr( viOn niy c6 khoing 100'000 brin, trong d6 gdn 20 000 tii li€u birng tidng Anh. Phdn ltln hoat d6ng mrldn giffa cdc thtl vi6n 6 Myanrnar cluoc thu-c hi6n 6 thtr vien nd)'. --d Myon*\". c6 ddn 70'lo lir virng n6ng tli6n, do d6' B0 1-116 g tin chir Lrr-rdng xiy drrng nlriing thr.l vi6n trt iip 6 c6c lirn-q' Thfng 5 nirn 2006 trdn tohn qudc c6 54'177 thrl vi6n tu llp trong rdng sd 6i.949 lnng. 3.7. PltilipPines d Philipplnes.'fhu vi6n qudc gia cd tr:ich nhi€m ph6i hc'p vcli chinh quydn dia phrrdng dd xay ddtig v)r quiin li thd vien c6ng c6ng. Thd vi6n c6ng c6ng ir Philippines dii c6 trl sdm nhrtng dic bi€t trlt sau sic luit 1143 c6 ten ld \"Ao Act Providing lbr the Establishnrent of Congressional, City and Municipal Libraries and Barangay Rea<iing Ccnter Throughout the Philippines' Appropriating tlrc Necessaiy F'unds Therefor and for f)ther Purpr;se\"th) thtr vi6n c6ng cdng ir Philippines phdt tridn manh h<tn. Vi clu, nlni 1997 chi c5 47 thLr vi6n thrinh phd ddn nirrl 2001 102

c6 73 thLl viOn thlnh phd. Nirn 2005 3 Philippines c6 10.036 rhr-r vi€n c6ng c6ng rd tinh Batancs 6 phia B6.c ddn tinh phia Nanr Tawi-Tawi vi drroc chia thirnh nhllng loai sau: - Regional library I - Congressional library I - Provincial library 49 - City library 85 - Municipal library 521 - District library 353 Tuy nhi8r.r, cing cdn nhidu dia phucrng E PhiJippines chr/a c6 thu vi6n c6ng c6ng, nhtr 29 rhirnh phd/100 thinh phd cbLia c6 thr-f vidn (t'! Ie 29ck')t 1002 quin (huy6n)/1-509 quiin (huye n) chrra c6 thd vien (9 )e ffiEo). Dd thLic rldy hoar d6ng rhd vi0n c6ng c6ng ir ciic clia phuong, Thd vi6n qu6c gia Philippines da rhric hien nhtrng cdng vi6c sau: l. Ti0p tLrc ndng ct'p rhd vj0n dia phttong bing vi€c cung ci'p nhilng tii lieu tra ciru tidu chudn cfing nhd nhlhg riii li6r,r khirc cdn thidt cho ngttdi den dia phudng, cung ci'p rrang thidr bi thLr vi€n. 2. Tidp tuc td chfc thrio luiin, h6i rh:,io vir hLrin luvin nghiOp vu h[iu ich clio cln b6 thLt vi0n dia phLtttng. 3. Dd nghi ngAn siich hing nlim 5O0.00O pcso cho thrr vien thdnh ph6, 300.000 peso cho rhd vien quin (huy6n) vl 200.000 103

pcso chc trung taln Coc. 'fdng s6 vdn tili li6u trong toirn he thdirg thLt vi€n c6ng c6ng d Philippines niim 200 | A 1.O04JO1 biin :;iicli, 30 631 l'n phdm lien tuc,49.929 loai tiri lierr rirrl vic1l khirc. vi0n lNftrgodai,inrga.d-dJlhprJht\"r'cii)vnuqnlrhriiclnggiavilr'nhgilipxpainxcirsi cbn td chrlc l4 thrr Thrr vien ldu d6ng li loai thLr viOn nhd cung cip sich thiiu nhi' tap chi tliip rlng nhu cdu gi:io duc. TtrLr vi0n liru clOng kli0ng pirtrc vu hhng ng:\\y do thidu kinh phi nrua nhidn li€u hoirc phiii siia clrfra xe 'finh Basilan, thtf vien lLru cl6ng cIng khOng lhd di thdiJng .tLry0n vi chi6n tranh' Hiing trln, ThL( r'iOn rludc gia Philippines td chitc 2 hQi ngh! cin bO thrJ viOn c6n-u c6ng vr'io thiing 3 vh th,lng I0' Nint 1998, ntiing irlr'li thi)ng tln ihL( vien c0ng c6ug (PIJBLIN) rla drictc hinh thinh. Mring lLirli ndi kdt gitta Thu vien qu6c gia vi nhling rird vie'rr cOng cOng <1i chia sd tlrOng tin vii tii litu thdng c;uir mii.v vi tinh. Phr)ng phuc vu Thtl muc chiu trdch nhi6rn gi[rn sht PUBI-iN\" h6 trd ky thuet miiy tinli, ci phdn crlng vi phin mdni, h6 tr(J c6ng tiic phiit nidn vcin tii li6u, bi6n muc' dich vu rhrl muc.... Ili€r na1' PUliLlN c6 khoing 100 thhnh vi0n trong toirn qu0c. 3.8. SingaPore d Singu1,ur\", 'l'htJ \\ien quoc gia khi nidi dtidc thirnh lAp c6 chfic ning vifa ti ThLl viOn qudc gia vita l?r thd vi6n c6ng cdng' Chfc ning ni\\)' d:i dtfctc dtlil la trol.rg siic ldnh Thrr vi€n qudc gia diu tien nf,rl 19-58. VA sar-r. chitc ning song song niry cria thU 104

vi6n c6 nhLtng bft ldi. Vdi kinh phi han chd, rhtf vi€n khOng thd phdt tridn ddy dfr nhing cht'ic ning cira nr6t ThLr vi6n qudc gia cirng vdi vi€c thttc hi6n chr,fclng trinh thd vi€n c6ng cOng doi rntri dd phuc vu nhln din. Chinh v) viy, dich vu thLl vi€n r3 Sirfgaporc kh6ng c6 hi€u qui vi ngu6n lrrc thdng tin cludc gia khdng ddy dir. Do d6, tiy ban tdng quan th vi6n 2000 (Library 2000 Review Committee) dLrdc thlnh lip dd rhuc hi€n cu6c khio sit roin c.li6n dich vu thu vi€n Singapore. Uf ban c6 nhi€m vu vd vi6c dd xut't giiii phrip dd thrr vi6n phuc vu tdt nhin dAn Singapore 6 thd ki 2l . iy ban niy di'i xiic ciinh rhLr vie n tuong lai nhd li m6t trong nhfng cd quan phuc vu hoc tip cLia qudc gia drrclc rn6 rdng tdi da thOng qua hd thdng thrr viCn vi trung tim th6ng tin cfra qudc gia, cung cli'p dich vu ve cd h6r hoc tf;p dC thLic tlCy phdt tridn Singaporc. Uj' ban dd nghi thinh lip n6t b6 phnn dd thtrc hi6n chri'c ning niy, rld lir tsan Thu vidn qu6'c gia (NarionaI Library Board). Ban niy cLrric thdng qua Qudc h6i ngay 16.3.1995 vi c6 hi6u luc tii ngiiy 01.09.1995. Ban Thrr vi6n qudc gia (National I-ibrary Board - NI-B) quin li tep trung I Thri vie n qu0c gia, l9 thu vien cdng cOng vir h6 tro phdt tridn 4-5 thd vien thieu nhi. Vdn tii li6u cfia h€ th6ng thd vien c6ng c6ng chidrn hon mdt nira vdn tiri li6u qudc gia, khoing gdn 8 tri6u bin. Vdn tii li€u cta ni6i thrl vi€n c6ng cOng khiic nhau, khoiing rtr 100 ngin ddn 400 ngin brin. d cdc thri vi6n c6ng cOng, ban doc cd thd rruy <:dp Interner, cd sd d|r li6u trdc tuydn, xem video vir drirtc huAir luy6n vd c6ng nghd th6ng tin. Vdi kd hoach mJ r6ng I\"lQ thdng qurin li rhu vi6n di6n ti? (Electronic Library ManagcmenL Systen.r) vidc mucln vi tri szich cir:r ciic thd vi6n c0ng c6ng khdng qu:'i -5 phrit. I 0-5

Singaporc da lip ke hoach xliy c|-ing h€ thdng thd vien c6ng cdng tutlng thich {Adaptivc Public Library System). HQ thdng niy sO khm cl.ro dicir vu tlrtl vien vi thdng tin gin gOi hon vdi cdng cldng bing vi6c xiy ddng 1 Thu'vi6n qudc gia, rnOt it thtl vi6n chuy0n r.n0n vir hcin 120 thtf viOn c6ng c0ng. 'l'hrJ vi6n qudc gia se li trung tam th6r1g tin va tra cfLu chinh. M6t nrang lddi thd vi6n chuy0n m6n nhrl thti vi€rr y hoc, thll vi0n luit bd sung cho Thtl vi6n qudc gia. Cdtr tltic 3 biic cho thri vi€n rnridn c6ng c6ng dd duoc thi& lip bao gdm 5 thti vi8n virng, l8 thd vitn cOng cong vi 100 thrr vj€n kd cin. l-li0n nay, il Singapore c6: - 3 thu vi6n virng - 19 thdvien cdng d6ng - lb thd vren tllleu nnl J urong Regi on.al l-ibrary l1_)6

i thu vi6n ving 3 Jurong, Woolands vir'farnpincs. 'fhtl viOn vinr Julong rrii cila ngr'iy I thirng 8 nIm 1988. Vcjn tiri li6u khoing -5t)?.00(l bin, 2.433 ten tap chi, 12.000 tii li6u nghe nhin, 22.000 cu6n microfilm, 64 ttra cld biio. Thrr vi6n cd nhihrg dich vu mdi nhtf clich vu thtf vicn cho ludi \"teens\" vi phbng [tJ phuc vu. Diy lir thrr vie n c6ng c6ng ldn nhi't Singapore. Thd vi6n ving Woodlands chinh thfrc rnd cfta ngi'ry 28 th6ng 4 ndm 200L Vdn tii 1i6u kbo:ing -540 000 bin cdc loai, hrln 1.000 trra dd tap chi. ll o orII and s Rc g ional L'i hr a rY Thrt vi.an ving 'Iampincs md cta ngly 3 thring 9 ndnr 1994. Vdn tii Iieu khoiing 235.000 bdti ci'tc loai. 10-/

7'o n7; i ne.s Re g iona I Lih rary Thtf viOn cdng rldng pllnc vu cho nhu ciu th6ng tin cria ngudi (lan g6m co Iii ii,rL,. tiirr rhuy6i vi nhrlrrg t;'ri lieu khic, ci oanS rn va oang Knong plrJ I ln. Llc lllu vrer) cong uong gum: + Ang Mo Kio + Bedok + Bukit Bat0k + Bukit Merah + Pukit Panjang + Ccntrftl lcnding library + Cheng San + Choa Cliu Kang + Geylang East + Jurong Wcst + Library @ csphanadc + I-ibrary @) orchard + Marine Parade + Pasir'ltis + Quee nstown + Sernbaqang + Sengkang + 'I oa payoh + Yishum 108

l'hU vien Library@ esphanade chinh thirc rnd cr?a ngiry l2 thdng 12 nam 2002. Eay li thrt vi6n diu ti6n 6 Singapore thrrc hi€n dich vu vi th6ng tin trong linh vdc iim nhac, mria, siin khdu vi di6n rinh. Vdn tii liOu cfia thu vi€n cd khoing 50.000 tda dd trong hinh thfrc in vA kh6ng in, Thrr vi0n Library @ orchard chinh thL'tc rnd crra ngiy 21 thring 10 nim l999. ThLr vi6n niry lir c6t nruc chinh trong lich sfr phrlt tridn cfra thu vi6n Singapore. DAy lA thu vi6n vd phong cdch sdng ddu rien dudc rhidr kdcho ngddi Singapore rre tudi ril l8-35. V6n tiri li6u cira th( vi6n khoing 120.000 bin siich vi tap chi. 'Iht/ vi€n thidu nhi c6ng ddng li rhu vicn phr.Lc vu tr6 eru l0 rurjj hoic nh6 hrJn. Cic tlru vi6n rhicLr nhi c6ng ci6ng gdm: + Bishan East + Bisham-Toa Payoh North + Braddell Heights + llr.rkit Timah + Changi Simci + Clementi + Jalan Kayu + Kampong Ubi + Moulnrein + Mountbattcn + Nee Soon East + Paris Ris East + Tampines Wcst + lioa Payoh East I09

'I'lrri viQn thidrr nhi Singaporc I lnt tii tt t h iitt ttlti ti TLIttt;tittt'\\ lh( vii:tr tltiiu ttltt ,l Ilis!tttrt- [,rt It()

Thtt t,i€n thidu nhi 6 Bukit Timah '[ htl t'tAn thiA'u nlti i] Karnpong Ubi l

Thrr t,itn thiAi nhi lt Changi Simei Thtr viAn thiA'u nhi d Braddell Ileights il2

3.9. Thdi Lan d Th,ii L\"n, rhd vrdn c6ng c6ng rlLroc xiy dung rii',pha)ng cloc c6ng c6ng\"c6 ttl nirm 1916 cria Bd Gido duc. Ba phing cloc ili- u tien dLrrrc td chLit o TrLrdng Wat Sutat Thepwaraharn, Sarr Prayoonrawongsawas, Thonburi. Nirm 1949, Bd Girio duc phi.rt tridn thLr vi6n cOng cdng cd vd sd luong vi chi-t lttong cflng nhLr bd sung di6u 16 thtr vr6n c6ng c6ng. ThLr viGn ndy xiiy rlLtng rhdi quen doc cho nhdn ddn vi nidm say m0 hoc tap. ThLI vi6n cdn td chr?c hudn luy€n vi cung cdp tri thfrc cho nhin ddn th6ng qua thiio luiin, dirm tho:ri,... f ir ban ddu 20 rh( viCn c6ng c6nu dd tirng len 64 thuvien c6ng c6ng vio nim l9-50. Nim 1952, 86 Giiio dqrc phdi hrlp v6i 86 N6i vu mir r6n.q thrr vi6n c6ng c6ng ddn cap quin. 86 Ndi vu cung ciip rlia didm, B6 Girio duc cung ciip kinh phi xliy dung rhtt vi€n. Trong niim niy, didu le thr.i vi0n c6ng c6ng cfing drruc siia tldi, bd sung. Thu vi€n cdng c6ng dlidc chia ra lim 3 loai: Thr-r vi€n rinh, thtr vien quln vi thU vien lutr d6ng cung ci'p tlich vu elro nhAn clin, ci nhffng ngrldi 6 xa thLt vi0n. Ndm l973, thd vien c6ng c6ng rrd thirnh don vi gi/ro duc kdr hgp vdi Vu Ciiro duc tdng qurit. Thtt vien cOng c0ng c(i nhi(ng chri'c ndng sau: l. Cung cd'p dich vu gido duc khdng chinh th(ic cho nhnn din. 2. Xfic ti6n tir6i quen doc vi hoc rAp cfia nhen dln. 3. Cung cdp th6ng rin vil tri thr'tc dl dudc ciip nhlr chc nhdn dli n 113

4-'ltL vli'n iroiic t:irng cilr kiiil th[fc cbo nhiin cliitr xay ddng nOp song lanh manh. 5, Xric tidn v) phd bie n van hr:i:,'t b. X[c titn vlr tU v;i,' ltlriru tlin su dLrng thdi gian nhirrr r6i mdt cdch hftu ich. Ndni 1.979, khi VLr Giiro duc khOng chinh thtSc dtldc thlnh liip, vitc gidm s:irt thu viOn c6ng c6ng clu'c.lc chuydn cho Trung tim giiio duc kh6ng chinh th[t Tirrh. tii6n nay, cd 854 thd vien c6ng c6ng trong toiin qudc, chia lirr c:ic loai: --1. Tit( vi?rr cing c6ng loqi l6rt * 'I'hrJ vi6r.r c6ng c6ng rinh: Thrl vi6n c6ng c6ng tinh rIAu ti0n dudc thirnh l4p d Ratchathani. I'li€n nay, c6 73 thrr viOn cOng c6ng tinh loai ldn. Clc thlr vi0n c6ng c6ng tinh loai ldn thu6c Trung tdm gi6o duc khOng chinh thtlc cfia'finh. Ngoii vi€c cung c{p cric loai clich vu titi lieu klidc nhau. phbng nghe nhin holc plrdng gido cluc kl.r6ng chinh thrlc d thd vi6n c6ng c6ng niy cdn cd b0 phin tiri li€u vir srich giiLo khoa cira Dai hoc rnd Sukhothai lhammatirat vir Dai hoc Rartrkhamheang dd phuc vu cho nhfrng khoii diro tao til xa. 'i Thtr vi0n Rir3 ama nga lapisck: Thtf viOn niy lir ndi td chrlc nghi 16 I{odng gia Rajarlangalapisck. Thu vi6n cd 11 phdng doc' phc)ng td rhirc h0i thio, h6i trop, cd ncji dd tridn ldm phuc vu Lhong tin, c6 nr:i nghi ngtii, 2. Thn vi|tt cbn g cQnlE loai trwtg bitth ThU vierl citng cgng C--ira lclrrt'aj gunl arce dLidc thinh llip tr:ortg ciii-' sinh nhlit iin thLt l6 ciia Lkrirng hiiu Sitirrdhorn nam 4

1991. Thrr vi6n ductc thirnh llip vdj srr h6 tro cria nhin din dia phddng. Loai thrl vi€n niy cd 2 tdng bao g6m phbng trung biiy vi Hoing gia, phdng thdng tin v6 tlia phurlng, phdng phLrone tir-rn nghe nhin, rn:iy ti:rh vir phirng triin llnr chung. Ting cirinli c6 phbng doc cho thiSu nhi vi ngrrr)i laJn. Hien nay cd 76 thLi vien Cha lernr ra.igunr:r l ec trin toin quoc, 3. Tlttl vi?rt cdttg cQrtg loui nhd Thrr vi€n c6ng c6ng quin vi phudng duoc xep vio loai niy. Ddy li loai thLf vi6n md r6ng thrr vien tinh d6n cric quiin. Thu vi6n c6ng c0ng cung cip Lhrr viSn vi th6ng rin, xay dring thcii quen cloc cfrng nh, d ph,.?t-r b1 i€1n vdn hoii, Viec xiiy dung thd vi6n duOc h6 trcl mdt phin bdi nhin din, nhrl: h6 tro clft, tidn vi tiri li6u. 'I'hd vi6r.r c6ng c6ng Quiin Bang Bor cria Tinh Prakarn li thrr vi6n c6ng cdng quin ddu ti€n dddc thinh lip nirni 1943. N:-rm 1952, nhiL nddc dda ra phd(tng dn xiy ddng thrr vien c6ng c6ng 3 m6i quin, do Bd Girio duc Lidn hinh. Hi6n nay chi c6 65-5 thLi vi6n c6r:g cdng quin. Thu vrSn cOng cOng quin cdn han chd vd ngAn siich vi nhin sr-f. Ngoiri ra, dd phuc vu nhAn ddn 6 nhrlng vinig xa l.rcitc nhitng ngrtdi khOng ttrd ddn thLr vien cdn c6 loai thd vi6n ldu d6ng. Thu viin ldu dring liit dir dang. Theo biio ciio cfia Poolsook Priwatrworawute trong HOi nghi hing niim cfia IFLA nlm 2000 d Thdi l.-an c6 nhlrng hinh thirc thtf vi6n hlu d6ng sar-r: - G6i s:ich: mirh thrltc niy thulin ti6n cho nhfrng ving nh6, xe cO khong thd ddn drrclc. Srich dLtoc rldng thinh Lring gol, mOi g6i 10-25 bin. C6i s/rch sE cluoc chuydn ddn tirng. rnOi iing khoing l0 gdi. I-ing s€ qudn li tiii lidu, Iuln chuydn tii li6u di I l-5

nr6r ngudi d€u cd thd doc. Sau 5-10 ngiy g6i srich lai cltldc thay ool. - Thu'vi6n ldu il6ng bing gir'r sfch: d QuAn Kukunt, Tinh Sr:isakes, 1 cdn b6 thu viOn cd nhi gdn cho. 6ng mudn nhfrng ngddi budn btin doc sdch, vi thdOng dd m6t sdsdch vho gi6, dem cldn chd vi n'r-rc tidp cho ho nrlQn nri kh6ng cd 16 phi. - Thii vien lrtu cl6ng thuydn miiy: Diy ld cfch thri'c phuc vu t6t cho nhfrng ngtldi sdng il ven s6ng. NhAn dAn c6 thd doc s6ch trdn thuydn hoic ml{dn v6 nhi. Thuydn cti thd di tir noi niy ddn ndi khdc vir tro lai ndi cfr trong vdng 7 ngiLy. - Thu'vi8n luu d6ng xe buft: TLtdng tir nhu thd vien lrtu c16ng thuyin mdy. Nhdn din c6 thd doc s/tch tr€n xe buit hoac mddn vd nhi. Xe buit ali tir ndi niy ddn ncti khdc vir trd lai noi c[ trong vdng 7 ngiy. - Thd vien ltru d6ng birng xe bb k6o: M6t tu si 3 m6t tinh cira Tliiri Lan cung cfp loai thLi vi6n lLru dQng niy. Xe kdo chuydn tir noi niry cldn ndi kh/rc trong tinlr dd phuc vu nhin dAn mol ngay. - ThLl vi€n ldu dOng tii xiich: ThL( vi6n c6ng c6ng chudn tri trli xiich vdi 20 brin m6t tLii vir grli ddn m6i llng hoic nr6i nhii trong lbng cin doc siich. - ThLr vi0n hILr i10ng xe lita dr6n: 6 Bangkok hi6n nay chi c6 i xc lfia di0n cluy nhiit phr-rc vu cho utrc dich niy vl 1l xe cria tu nhin. -'I'hu viCn ltrLr d6ng xe 3 blinh: ThLi vi6n c6ng cdng tinh cludc tu nhin tiri tfd dd thu6 xe 3 b:inh, mang siich ra ngoii thu il6

vi0n phuc vu. Ngor\\i ra, m6t sd tu si mang xc 3 b:inh tldn rhrl vi€n liy sdch dd phuc vu nhlrng tu sf khr{c vii nhin din quanh tinh, Thiti gian trh srich cn vi lt'y sdch mdi trong vdng I thiing. - Thrl vi0n luu ddng xe giin rneiy: M6t sd thrr vi€n c6ng c6ng tinh dd sdch vio trong nhdng hdp vh cliL chLing 3 sau xe gi.in mriy dda cli phuc vu nhfu.r dAn. Hinh thr?c niy hi€n nay kh6ng cdrlvi xe gin mdy da c[, kh6ng thd sii dung dddc nlta. Ndm 1999, du dn thu vien di6n ti'i di drldc xny dung dd kj ni6m vua Diamcnd Jubilee. Drr iin c6 nhfrng muc ti0u sau: + Phit tridn cdc thLt vi6n c6ng c6ng tinh trd thinh rhu vi6n ditn tL?. + Phd bi€n th6ng tin li6n quan ddn clrr rin cria vua ni)y trong moi lTnh vtrc bhng Internct + Cung cip phrrong ti6n dien ti( cho vi0c ttr hoc Narn 2003,6 Thailand da c6 l0 thuvi6n dien tfitinh. Tuy nhiOn, Thailancl dang dfng lrddc nhfing van dd Anh hrrdng d6ir srr phiit tridn cria thLr vi6n c6ng c6ng. Ed li nhirng vlh ald sau: - I-uit phip v6 thtr vir:n c6ng cdng cdn r;1c rdi giiy ra sLt phrit tridn chim vi kh6ng hi€u quh. - Vi'n dd nhin sd: hdu h0t cin bi thrr vii'u c6ng c6ng d nhrlng vDng sArr, ving xa kh6ne chuydn nghidp - IhrCrr vin hoi doc tronp nh;rn din\"l h:ii )17

4. Thd r.iOir tnfdng phd thOng l)6ug Nam A Thrr viOn tlLidng phd thting li thLi vi6n c0a cdc trudng tidu hoc, trudng trung hoc cd sfr vir trudng.phd thOng tlung hoc. Nhi€m vu chLi y6u cLia thu'viOn trudng ph6 tb6ng lir phuc vu viBc day vir h<;c cua gido vi6n vir iroc sirih. d OOng Nam.rr, hau h€t hC tho'lg thu vi6n trddng phd th6ng cia ciic n Lltlc trUc tliuOc B0 tiiic duc. -fuy nhrOn, ctng nhrJ c6c loai thu vi6n kh:ic, str phrit tricn cfra thrt vi6n trLrdng phd th6ng ciing phu thu6c viro dic tlidn phdt tridn kinh td - xi b6i cfia m5i nudc. d oiic nutJc nhu Thirl I-an, Sitrgapore, lvlalaysia, thu vien tr-Lidng ph6' th0ng piiiit trjdn rnzrnh viL dang chuydn hrrdng xiy (ldng thd viGn thlnh nhahlg trurlg tim hoc liSu v6i nhidu dich vu mdj, til vi0c fing dung nhitng thlnh tdu c0a c6ng nghO th0ng tin. \\40t sd nurlc nhLt Philippincs. I;rdoncsia, Brunci, Myanmar thd vieu trudng phd thdng clrg clang brit cldu giai <loan ph.{t ridn. Cdc ndtlc trong ktru r'(c I)6ng Nenr A crirtg cli qtran tim ddn ihtr r,i\"au trddng phd thdng. l'hhng 9 nini 2003 v6i su h6 trct cira IFLA vir UNESCO, H6i thiio vi tlich vLr thLi viOn tnrdng phd th6ng it Edng Nam A cfrng dir ddrJc td chfic tai Bangkok, Thdi l An_ 4.1. Brunci HC thdng thrl vi6n trddng phd thdng d tsrunei thu6c Vu 'I:'ui'tng phd th6ng, LIO Ci:io dui:. Vu'frudng phd thdng c6 chrlc nlng gidrn hQ. ht/dng din nghi€p vu vi tinh todn ngin sdch mua tiri lieu, trang thidt bi cho circ tlrr\"r viCn tnrdng phd th6ng. Hai nlrin vi0n phu triich Lhrr vidn tiLrdng phd Lh6ng 3 Vu nhy li nhfng i18

ngddi c6 tr'inh d0 vd nghiep vu thr( r'i€n. Hi6n nay, hdu hdt cdc n'rrdng phd Lh6ng ddu c6 thu vi6n ri6ng. 4.2. Cambodia Trddc nirm 1999, o Carnboclia thu vien trudng phd th6ng chua dfdc quan tlim, chi mdi cci m6t viri thL/ vidn trong nhling trtrdng phd thOng 3 thi t16. Nim 200I , td chirc SIPAR cria Phdp da tii trd cho Carnbodia xAy dung rndi l7 thd vi6n trong trLrdng tidu hoc vir ti6rp tuc hua'n luy6n cho cirn b6 thrl viOn ctia nhlnrg thd vi0n tniilng hoc dd xiy dr/ng trLhlc diy. Ndni 2006, tidn hinh drr irrn vd phdt tridn mOi trddng tri thfrc d{ cii tidn chdt luong girio cluc vi chdng il:r stt d6't n;it ir Cambodia (Projcct on developing the literacy enviroDmelrt in order to improve the quality ol education an to combat illiteracy in Combodia). DLt rin nhirrn rnuc clich cii tjdn chit lutrng vi hiOu qui cfia gizlo duc tidu hoc birng vi€c sL? dung thd vi0n irrrdng hoc nhLr lir m6t phUilng li6n r1d ting cudng trong quiit trinh hoc ctia hoc sinh. Drr iin niry se nrd r6ng hQ thdng thLl vi€n trrri;ng hoc ddn l6 tinh chua c6 thLr vi€n trr.idng hoc. Du rin niy cdn thu hft toi'rn thd c6ng ddng hclp tdc vdi nhi nr-tdc chudn bi, xiy dung vii duy tri dddc thLi vidn tnrdng hoc niry. Dr\"t iin drt dinh ti6n hinh til nirm 2006 - 2010. 4.3. Indoncsia Nam i954 Vain ptlong l'hrJ viOn thu6c B6 Gir'to tlLLc li Virn h6a thirnh lip b0 phiin phu trdch thri vitn trt(ajng phd th6ng. 136 phin nr'ry da drta tli' l19

- K€'hoach ngin tr!$ '.'e t,i6c h6 trr crqr tdc ddi vdi c;ic thu vie n trLtdng phd th0rg t:'ong miii tinir. - Ke1. hoach ti:'t i ltart rho vi6c xiiy ciir'ng rn6t hQ thdng thu vrdn tluiirrg phd tirdng trorlg tcrlln quoc. - T h6a LhLriin v6i nhir xudi bin nhh nraaic vi cic c6ng ty sich nhi nLrclc trich l0% ngiin s:ich cho b6 phlin phu tlrich thu vien tlLldng phd thring cira 86. Ngcii ln thu.iien tlrrdng phd th6ng cbn cri srr gifrp dd bd surrr-q drr riiclt t itr H,1t ih.r. :rc, ;llio viin. Nirnr 1964, chr\"lon€t tr)nh xiy clLlng thd vi6n trrrdng phd th6ng nhen ddcJc srl tiii trd ciia mot sd td chalc nddc ngoii, nhu Amclican Aici, Austraiian Colornbo PIan gt'ants vir UNESCO. Ninr l96r? Virn phbng tlrri vi6n gilti tin, B0 trLrdng B6 Cirio duc vi Virri h6a brn hiLnh nrOt s6 siic l0nh m6i thhnh lAp Vitn phirng phit tridn thu vi0n vii siich, Vrin phdng nly dtJdc qui ditth nhling nhi6nr vr,r sau: I - Phf t triCn vir lip ke hoach vd srich 2. Ph;it rritin vi kiilnr soiit vi6c doc ti'Li li€Lr crla cdng d6ng j. Nhip sich ri t:-rp ehi .1. Phit u'idn thtr vien tltfdng phd th6ng vi rhd vi6n c6ng cdng Tuy nhi€n, dc harr chi r,d kilh phi. nhlrl stl, dich vu thu vii'n trudog plici rh,ing viLo cliu nhfrng niinl i 980 vin cin kdnt hie u c1uri. I 2()

Gin diy, 86 Girio duc vir Vin h6a nhdn mirnh ';uan clidm thri vitn tniaing phd th6ng Iir trung tem ngudn lLlc cho holt d6ng giing day vir hoc tip, cho nghi0n cL?u vir siing tao. LIdn nfra, trong r1i6u Ie cf,a i{0 thdng gi;io rluc QLrdc gia cfing khhng clinh: \"Hoat d6ng day vd hoc chi cd rhd thirnh cOng blng vitc td chri'c tlid vitn trong m6i tlr-fr)ng\". Tii dti, thtt vi6n trLltlng phd th6ng drJdc sf d(-i diu cria Ban LInh dao Gido duc Tidu hoc vir Trung hoc, Trung tam sich cia BO Gi:io cluc vi'i vin h6a cung cdp hirng niim m6L sd bin siich nhe't dinh cho thtl v.i€n tn(ihg ph6 th6ng' cbn Thd vi0n qudc gia h6 tro vd vi6c td chiic thd vien. xir I! tni li4Lr vi hu{n luyen nhin sLr. Dlfdc sf h6 trct cria FIQi c16ng Anh, Ban lirnh dao Clitio duc litidu hoc vit 'I'r'ung hgc r11 drra ra dtr dn tiCu bidu \"Tiip trung lrda dich vu thri vien trfdng phii thdng\". Dich vu ndy sC cung ct'p luin phiOn rn6t sd sirch chon loc nhii't clinh (srich tra cffu) chc cic thtl vi6n thlinh viOn. Tinh ddn nirnr 2002, hiu hdt cic tririhg phd th6ng cliu ct'r thd vien thu6c cii 3 nrrlc dd (tidu hoc, trung hoc co s6, phd th6ng trung hoc 1, 2 I 9.000 trutlng. Thrt vi6n qudc gia Incloncsia vdi ngudn kinh phi trl World Bank dd th(c hidn dL-r hn thu vi6n c6ng c6ng vi thti viCn trtldlrg phd th6ng tlong 3 tinh tir nhm 2001-2004. Nirm 200(r, td ch(c Yayasan Mitra Netra cld tlttr'; hi€n du rin khi ning quin l! thLr viOn trudng phd th6n,u cho nhilng ngrldi kirl.r thi ILrc 6 Indoucsia. Muc tieu cria du iin girip nh(ng n;;trdi k6rl thi luc c6 th6 quin lf thtt vien vir cii tidn dich vu thrr vi6n\" 121

4.4, Lito 86 Cifo duc Liro khOng cir kinh phi cho siich. phdn ldn nhlir)g frtldng phd th6ng 6 L:'ro khdng c6 rhrl vien vi kh6rrg cung cii'p s/rch cho hoc sinh. Chi 3 I sd tnrdng thd vi0n c6 drroc sd h6 trd cfra cdc td chfc phi chinh phir nhu UNiCEF ho[c nhfrng rd chfc td nhan. Narn 1989, ThrJ vi6n qudc gia Lio blit diu thuc hi6n \"Chuclng trjnh xric tidn doc trong toin qudc\" vdi sLt h6 rrd cria chinh phir Nhfit di xric tidn vi€c tioc h.ong rhidu nhi Lio. Chudng tr'inh nhy cfia ThLf vi0n qudc gia Liio t1[ cung ciip nhfing h6p s/rch cl.rrla khoing 80 siich cho ctc trudng phd th6ng 6 virng siu, virng 1tl

Hip srirlt cLia I lnt viirt qutit git Lio Nim 2002, Peter Whittlesey tit Laos Adventltre Stutiy tours dA ting hdn l.000USD cho thu vien hop sdch. Nim ?.003 Nh6nt niy tdng hon l.-500 USD cho thu vie n h6p sdch d nhllng tnrilng phd thOng niirn phia Edng Bfc San Ncua, Nim 2003-2004, dtrdi sd h6 trd c[ia Shanti Voluntary Associatjcn, nhi nUdc Lio dl xiy dr.(ng thOrn l0 thLr vi6n truitng hQc. 4.5. Malaysia Thrr vie n tlddng phd th6ng Malaysia c6 ngudn gdc Lil thd ki XIX, do ngdili Anlt xey drrng. 'fhtf vi6n trrrirng phd th6ng bit ddu phit tridn d Malaysia tif sau 1960, khi 3 chuy€n gia thtr vi6n trltitng phd th6ng criLr M! ho r23

tlct chinl! phii Nlaiaysia rl]dc hien k6 hoach xey drtljg thd vion ruclng phd Lh0ng. Th0ng qua nl\"rilrg r)6 Luc cia cdc chuy0n gia nly cirng viJi nhtng kh6a iruCn 1u,,,0n ngiri0p vu v:i nhlfng h6i thrio khoa hoc drtdc td chL?c t|ong rnfdng ilio tao girio vi€n, thLr vi€n Lrddng phd th0ng rll c6 nhfng ti&r rridn 16 r€t, Nam 1964, Bd Cido dut rlt lhirnh tip Uy ban rd vin rhd vi6n trddng phd thdng vcli nhilng nhidnr vu sau: I . Td chLlc vir xiy drtng truirng phd th6ng. 2. Td chLit nhitng khda irriii'n luyGn hoiic scrninar vd nghi6p vu thd vien cho girio vidn. 3. 1-hu thAp vn phd bidn rhOng 1in vd nghi€p vu vi xu hrtdng phrit tridn rhrr vien, bao g6m xue't bAl rianh muc, xAy dr-rng ti€u cirudn Llnt vieu [r(i]ng ohd rhOng vir thdc hien dich vu tU vdn_ '1. Firlp riic hoar ddng rhr.( vi6n rrLiarng phd rh6ng 5. Td chiic rhdm clinh rhrf vi0n trLriing phd thOng dd dim bio su phir Lridn ,:Lja tiru vi0n vir vicic sL? dung hi6u quri rhrt vi6n crla hoc sinh. iiy ban tu vii'n rhu vi6n rrLrdug phd thOng da cd nhirng hoat d6ng ti6u bidLr nhu: - Et xiiy ddng dudc ti6u chuin cho rhr/ v;6n trdilng tidu hoc vil tnldng trung hoc. - Xuiii b:in danh muc rii Ji€u tidng Anh vI ri€'ng Malay cho thLr vi6n trudng phd thdng. ;ua\"t Uiin rAi lieu hrft1ng clin vri tlrLr vi6n truitng phd th6ng 1a^

- Md ldp hui-n luy€n dlc bi6t cdn b6 thLr vi6n trudng phd thOng Vidc thinh lnp 86 phAn Thd vi6n trtrdng ph6 th6ng (School Library Unit) trong Ban Tnrdng phd thfrng cua IJo Giiro duc Malaysia viLo nim 1973 thdc ddy sltphht tridn cfra lo+i thtr vien niry. D[c bi€t, nin 1979, ll6i C:in bQ thLr vi€n Malaysia dii xiy drrng kd hoach \"Phdt tridn thd vi€n trrrdng phii thong 3 Ma)aysia\" Kd hoirch clrta ra nhilng qr-ri clinh cc, bin vd nhdn sr. td chirc Vi sii dung thr-r vi6n. Viro nhllng nirm S0, sr-r tlray ddi vi\\ sLr phzit tridn cfta c6ng nghd giiro duc llnr gia ting sd lLrong tiri litu nghc nhin. F'hdng tr\\i lieu nghe nhln dr-roc thirnh lip nhd m6t b6 phiin nr ir rdng crla thu vien trrrdng phd th6ng d:ip ri'ng tinh hinh mdi. Nirm l988, Ban K! thuht giiio duc cia llQ Cirio duc thinh lip b6 phnn trung tenl ngudn )1rc trllitng phd th6ng, lJi€n nay,6lv{alaysia hdu hdt cic trtrtlng tldu c(r thLl viOn nhrrng chi cd 135 lrLitlng phd thdng (1,57o) c6 trung tdr.n ngu6n lLrc trlrdng phd th6ng (School Resortrce Centers). Ngin srich fn dinh hing ndm cho mbi tr:udng bao g6m: ngan sdch cho rhu vi6n vI ngin sdcl.r cho trung tim ngu6n lrrc trLiilng phd th6ng. Flai khoin ngin srich niy tdi thidu 2000 RM cho trLtrlng khoring 100 hoc sinh vn 6900 RM cho tlrlitng 1000 hoc sinh. Ngin siich niy hidn nay kh6ng cirn phir hdp. Vd vdn sdch, hdu hdt ciic trttdng trung hoc tlat tidrachrrin qudc gia I hoc sinh/25 shch. Tr-ry nhi6n. cic trr/dng tiiu hoc chrfa tlat ti€u chudn I hoc sinh/15 s:ich. 125

Nhrr hiu hO-t ciic nrtdc clang phrit tr-iin, Malaysia chi c6 cd,n bg thd vien lim vi€c bdn thdi gian 6 cdc thu vien trddng phd th6ng. 4.6. Myanmar 'l'hti vi6n trutlng phd th6ng rl Myarrrnar tnfc thu6c Vu Gi6o duc co bin cfra 86 Gido duc. d Myrnnlot c6 klioing 1000 rLrtlng trung hoc phd th6ng' hdn 2000tnldng hxng hoc co sd vi khoing 36.000 trLidng tidu hoc. Thrl vi6n cl-lc]c quin Ij b6i 0y ban tiru'vi0n. Ndm 1992, J Myannrar td chirc k1p irudn luy6n ngin h n cho cdn b6 thtt vi€n trddng hoc. Nhl(n,q ngddi drr k1p hudn luy0rr niry di d(Jc ttrydn vio lim vi€c 3 cdc thti vi0n tnJiJng hoc. lloc sinh it tnrdng trung lroc phd th6ng phiri rl6ng 3 kyats l0 phi thu vie n In6i nlm. Vdn tli 1i0u cfra thrl vi€n tnrtlrrg hoc chldc phin phdi tit Vu Giho duc co bin. Ili6n nay, thd vi€n trtdng lroc cia Myannrar clang nhin dddc srf gi(p dd cia IJNESCO, UNICEF vi UNDP dd thLic hi€n dLr f n nlng ci'p vir tlng cditrg thLl vi0n pl.rrrc vr.r gi;,'ro duc cira Bd Girio duc. Do cl6, thti viQn trirdng hoc dang c6 chi6u hLiftng phdt tridn tdt. 4,7. Philippines Trt/rJc nim 1980 thrl viSrr tru'dng phd th6ng 0 Philippines chua clLloc quan tam mic dih Chinh phil y6u cdu cdc trrrJng plrd thdng phii cLrng cO'p dich vtr thu vien tddng thich cho hoc sinh. Tuy nhiin. nhin churlg thr.i vitn eua cric trtliJng phd Lh6ng trong giai cloan niry cbn bi h:rn chd vd co sd vit ch{t cflng nhrf tii liOu. Nam l9SJ. Chinh p)ru thtrc hi('n thtrong trinh phrit tridn sich tlong 77 thrr vion ttudng trung hoc cluctc chon lil cdc tinh, thinh ph6 cria 126

Philippines. Chudng trinh tliy dddc cung cdp ngdn siich 30 triSu peso m6t nim trong khoing thdi gian 4 niim tit 1985-1988' Nhling trdihg phd th6ng cira trr nhfrn cr5 crl s6 thrr vicn tdt hdn, vdn tiLi Ii0u ddy dfr vi clrrrrc cip nhit thudng xuyen' Dd cii tidn h0 thdng thd vi0n tnrdng phd th6ng, Bii Giriro duc, Vi-rn h6a vI Thd thao de dua ra y€u ciu: - Ddi'vdi trrrdng tidu hoc, 6 tua <ld sdch cho m6i hoc sinh, L5 rrra dtl bir-r vir 5 tuii tle rep chi. - D6'i vdi trddn-q trung hoc,7-10 trr:i dd siich cbo In6i h'|rc sinh,20 tu:r dd biro vi 20 rua cid tap chi. Cin bO thtl viGn trr-rdng phd thdng cung iir vdn dd dang clLtoc 86 Girio duc, Vin hori vh Thd thao quan tin vi nhidu c/rn b0 thtl vien trddng pbd th6ng lir gi:io vi€n chua dridc huCn lul'fir ri: nghiGp vu thtr vi€n. 4.8. Singapore Qua hai khio si:rt vd thtt vitn trUdng pho thdng 6 Singrpore cia Douglas Koh (1968) vi cia Muricl I:u (1970) cho thiiy nhfng han chd ctia rlich vu thd vien trdilng phd th6ng nhu han chi vi vdn tii li€u, vi trang rhidt bi, vd tiri chinh' .. HOi th( vi6n Singaporc rA't qrran tin, cldn viSc ciii tidn vir ph6t tridn thLr vi6n tnrilng phd thdng. Nirnr t962' HQi Thr( vi0n Singaporc tla thinh lip Uy b-an xiy clrrng thL/ vi€n trLlihg hoc' C6ng viQc quan trqng nhii rnr\\ 0y ban niry dI lim dudc li biSn soan \"sd tay thd vion trdihg phd th6ng \"vri da xuat bdn r6ng rii rlddi hinh thirc t6m tdt. Nhm 1969, HOi Thu viOn Singapore dl thirnh liip 13an thrl viQn tnldng phd th6ng, Do t16' 0y ban xiy drrng 121

thr.t vien tnrdng hoc di girii thi. ljan thri vien rrddng phd th6ng di td chfrc nliidu l6p hudn luy€n nghiOp vLr cho gitio vi6n thrt vi6n, bi['n soun dan]r rrrrrc sich cho rhd \\ j6n lr.rldng fhii th6ng,... Ngdy 23 thdng 9 nam 1999, B0 Cifo duc (MOE) vn Ban Thu viOn qudc gia (NLB) da td chrlc hQi nghi cld giLip d0 cfc trrrdng phd Llrirng ph:it tridn thrl vidn '.,ir md rdng clicJr vu tht/ vi6n. Chfi dd H6i nghi \"Dich vu vi Quin l,,i thdng tin troog thdi dai mdi\". Trr H6i nghi ney, dd dn HQ thdng l\\4ang luili thd vien ntdng tiic Bd Gi:io duc (MEItt.IN -MOE lntegrated Library Network system) rludc tliuc hi0n. \"fat cir circ thd vien trttdng phd thdng Singapore clLtoc ndi kdt dian tir dd md r6ng ngrrdn tra clltu cia hoc sjnh vi gido vi6n. Khi NIERI-IN ndi k8i vdi co sd dff li€u cira NLB. hoc sinh vir gido vi€n trong tdt cii ctic thd vi6n trdirng phd th0ng c6 thd tra cri'u co sd dil IiOu crla NLB. Hi0n nay, ir Singaporc tat ci cric trrtdng phd th6ng d6u dd cir thd vi6n, Tht/ viOn Lrdirng phd thting do 86 Giio duc qudn ly. Vdn tiri li6u thd vi0n trung L.rinh cira trudng ridu hoc tir 15.000 ddn 20.000 b;in, cira trLtitng trung hoc til 20.000 ddn 30.000 bin. Cic thd vien trLrdng phd th6ng d Singaporc dang phz-rt tridn thirnh trung tim ngu6n lUc da phddng ti6n bao gdrn phuang tidn nghe nhin vi tiri li6u in. Ei6 Crdo duc dang xiy ddng ngudn lrrc miiy tinh cho thu vidn trditng hoc dij hoc sinlr c6 rhd tnry cip r1[? li6u, Irrtclnct. CD-ROM vi rnuc lrrc trrrc triyen. 'Iuy nhi6n, vin dd c:in bO lhLI vien trddng phd rh6ng cfrng li vin d0 dring rlr.rdc quan tim. Viec tlrid'u cdn b6 thrt vi€n chuy6n nghiOp cho ciic trddng phd th6ng dd rinh hrrdng <t6n su ph:it ridn cria cic thtr vi6n niv. 128

4.9, I'hrii Lan O thri; Lan, loai thrr vien trddng phd th6ng c6 ngudn gdc tU rdt sdm. Nim 1934 Trudng phd th6ng Thepsirin dn c6 phbng tli Iieu thrr vi6n. Tuy nhi6n trudng dtrdc coi li trur)ng phd th6ng rldu ti6n c6 thd vie n v:i ciin b6 thLr vidn li trudng Kulap. Nhtrng kh6ng bidr thu vien durrc rhinh lip lr-ic nio. Thrr vi€n biit rliiu hoat d6ng vio ngiy I thing 6 nhm l96l vi hi€n nay ir Th/ri Lan lny ngiiy niry lir \"Ngny lhd vi6n rrudng phd thOng\". ViSc xly dLing thu vitn cdc truirng phd th6ng b:it ddu'tir khi 86 Girio duc rhiinh )ip fry ban xfc riin rhr/ vi6n, ti0u cliudn hda vi chi tidn thu vi8n tnfdng tidu hoc vi tntdng trung hoc rrant 1962. Viri sLr girip cld cia ll6i 'fhrr vi€n Theii Lan, nhtrng tieu chudn tdi thidLr cho thri vi€n trLritng ridr-r hoc vi truitng rru g hoc dddc xAy dung vi sr? dung nhu tii IiSu hridng din cho thLr vitn trditng ph(i th6ng dr-rdi sr-r giiim sit cia BO Giiio cluc. Kd tidp, Du dn \"Bcst school l;l.rrary ancl librarja us \"drtdc thdc hi€n viJi sLt hdp tiic cfra t{6i ThLr vi6n'l-hiii ndm 1964 cla chi ridn dddc mdr sd thti vi€n trudng phd th6ng. Dtr iin niy vin cdn drrcic ridp tuc cho ddn ngdy nay. Tuy rrlri0n. thu yjen rruiJng ph0 th6ng nhin chulg vAn cdn han chd. V,5n tiri li6u nghdo nin, cr:in b6 thtr vi6n khOng chuyEn nghi€p. Chinh vl viy, rrdt cu6c khio sirt thtt vi€n rrddng hoc dl dudc thrtc hierl rrong 3 ndn.r tI 19'/9 din lI gg dudi s,J giiim siil cria Phbng Quin lf Cido duc thi c10 Bangkok tld phit rridn thLr vien trudng tidu hoc. Sau t 98 I Phdng Qr-rin 11, Cido rJuc thi d6 tsangkok da cung ciip ngin siich hing nim cho vi6c xiiy chlng vii hoat dOng cira thu vi0n truilng hoc. Ke tidp nim l9g9, tidn sj 1?9

Kowit Worapipat, gii't or cloc l'l..ing Ci/ro duc tdng quiit Il Cr Girio rluc ilda ra chinh sdch vd thd vien trdt]ng hoc cho tdt ci cdc {nl.jng trung hgc vir c;ic rudng trtrng hoc rla td chri'c thu vien theo hLtr3ng ciln cira chinh srich. Viin phdng Cido duc tdng qu?it cfing dii cd'p chLhrg nhdn \"The best school library of the ycar\"cho nJrdng rhrl vien trddn-q hoc c6 cirit lddng HOi thd vien'l'hfi hing nan cfing drinh gid vd cdng nhin Thu viOn tdt cho nhtng thtr vi0n niry. Nhirng hoat d6ng tr€n cJI xirc tidn su phrit tlidn cria thLI vi6n trrldng hoc. Ngiry nay, ti1 nhan thi(c slr quan trong cfta thd vien ddi vd:i gido duc, ti't cii cdc b6, nginh c(l li0n quan ddn truilng hoc ddu quan tim nhidu cldn srl phit t dn cLia thd vion tnlilng hoc Nhdng trudng durJc L:0ng rlhan \"Thtt vidn trddng hoc t0t hing nirn\" phii cd nhtllg ti0Li chudn siru: Thd vi.^n phii ('ludc trang bi cldy dfr tii li0u vi phLrclnil ti0n pltii sfr clung c0ng ngh0 rlr(ii, phei td chrlc tdt va phrii currg ct'p dictr vu h6 ttcl cho vidc hoc tip v) giring day' MOt ilidc tidn '.rtla cira thrl vi6n trudng phd thdng l) nlm 1995, nirrn thdng tin Thdi, nrang lLrdi \"Schoolnet Thailand\"dtictc thrrc hi0n thu6c trung tim k! thuAt vir m:iy tinh, di€n tir qudc gia (NECTEC) mang lLttli niy ndi kdt ciic trddng phd rh6ng dddi srr gidm siit cira Phbng Gi6o duc tdng qudt, Bd Gifo duc. Ivluc ti0u c0a m:rng lLidi lI h6 trr; cho vi€c tr-r hoc cfia hoc sinh, gitip truy cep hrtelnct vir ngudn th6ng tin tren toin Lhe gidi, cung cdp nhtlng clich vu chCt lrrong clro hoc sinh vir giho vi6n 13t)

Thu vi2n tutdng ph6'thdng Sarawihat,a Thd vien trtrdng phd rh6ng rieu bidr.r 6 Thdi Lan litr Thd vi6n cfia trLtitng Sarawihaya, mdi duoc nrd cfa phuc vu cu6'i ninl 200.5. ThL/ vi6n c(i hdn 40.000 sich. 20 mriy rinh niri kii Intcrnct, hing trim tLra dd tii Iieu CD-ROM vi\\ phdng cla phdong ti6n c(r 60 ch6 ng6i- Theo hieu trudng cfra trlfirng, kinh phi xiy dung do phu Iruyrrh vl girio vidn ddng g6p. l3r

CHLI{'NG 3 XU HIJdNG PHAT TRI6N cua cAc rsU vu.;N pOl.rc nau A l. Xu hrfdng tr! rlQng hda troat ilQng tlttf viQn Trr r16ng h6a huat d6ng thtr vi6n liL xu htidng tit ydu cria moi thd vie n trong thtli ciai pbriL tfiiin cirr kh():r hoc cdng ngh€, lir yeu cdu quan trQng dd thtr vi6n cri thd tdn tai vi phrit tri6n. Ciic thrl vi6n 11 D6ng Nani A cing cli silm nhin thfrc dddc didtr niy vLr di bdt tldu triin khai du ain tti d6ng hda thu vi0n til nhilng nim 70 cria rhi ki XX. Tuy nhi6n, do sd kb/rc nhau v6 rnrlc t16 phiit tridn kinh t€, vin h6a, khoa hoc n6n viir dd hign d4i h6a hO thdng thtJ vi€n cLia ciic nddc niy cfrng dddc thtrc hiOn o nhtng milc d0 khric Irhau. Cti nhilng nr-tdc rla dat 0udc nhfng thi'inh tLtu tl'ollg vi€c tu dOng hda hoat c16ng thrr vi6n nhrl Singapore, Malaysia, Thdi Lan, -. vi dil -xly dttng dddc nhtrng mang LLrdi thd vie n thdng tin hotit tl6ng cd hi6u quh cao, nhrr Mang h-tdi dich vu td d6ng h6a thLr vi€n SILAS Network (Singapore Liblary ALrtomirtion Service), niang lddi h€ thdng thdng tin qudc gia Thrii lan TFIAINATIS (Thai National Inlbrmation Systcm),..-'l'r'ong Lhi dd o In6r sc nLidc ttt ddng h6a hoat rl6ng Lhd vien mdi chi 3 giai rloan ban dAu, nhU thtl vi6n Crr mLrod iu. Lio. Mvlnnrirt-,..- 132

I.1. Singapore d Singupo.\", sd quan tim ddn vi6c tU d6ng h6a hoat d6ng thrf vion dlr c6 rir nhfrng nlm 1960, khi nhtng thu viCr 6 Anh, My sr? dung thrinh c6ng m{y tinh trong hoat d6ng thrt vidn. NhL/ng chi ddn nhirng nim l970 cdc thd vien Singapore mdi thir sd dda miy tinh vio hoat d6ng thrl vi6n. Driu ri0n Ii\\ Thrr vidn Dai hoc Nanyang, nirm 1972 Thu vien dai hoc Nanyang cld sir dung m/ry tlnh dd kidm sorir danh muc i'n phdrn lien tuc cLla thd viOn. SarL do la 'fh( vien quoc gra Singapore, nr-rm 1973. Tuy nhi€n mdi thU vi6n thrrc hie n nriiy tinh h6a theo n6t clich riOng vir dang tr ong giai doan thfr nghi6m. Mai den thirng 7 nin l98l , m6( tidu ban vd rtr tl6ng tlrLr vi€n SL-OLA (Sub - Ccmmittee on Lrbrary Autonration) ddtlc thinh liip, tidu ban n)y c1d xuii't dLr iin ddu tien li clrr dn xiy dLrng cd sd dlr li€u thu rnuc qudc gia Singapore. C[ng trong thcli gian niy ( ]982). Bo Tr\\i chinh Sing\"p,r'. nhdn dtldc nhftng y6u ciu cria cic cd quan khiic nhau vd vi6c cung cd'p tii chinh cho vi€c mdy tinh l.r6a hoat tl6ng thLf vitn. Thring 8 ndm l983 B6 'I'ii chinh tii'rr hinh dLr rin SILAS (Singapore Library Automation Servicc). Ban du iin SILAS dudc thinh lip bao gdrn clai di6n ciic thd vi€n, cl:r i di0rr Uy ban nrziy tinh qudc gia vi Vu Ngdn sdch Ll6 Tiri chinh. Ong Chris Hannan, dai diOn van phdng tlidu hinh cfia mang ltrdi thd muc Uc (ABN _- Australian Bibliographic Network) du,:jc chi rlinh li ttf vin cho ban drl in. Sau m6t thr)i gian tri€n khli, thi? nghi3m. hQ thdng SILAS chinh thLi'c khdi d6ng ngiy l0 thring 4 nirn 1987 vdi thinh vi6n dAu ti6n li Thd vi€n qu6'c gia Singaporc vdi rr/ cdch lir trung rern cfa h€ th6'ng SILAS. I'lC th6'ng SILAS c6 (16 thr vi€n tharr 133

gia. Mang ldcli niy lulr Lrfr mot cd sd dl-i'1je u thrl uc ldn. Nhii'ng thirnh vien oia rnang iitrJi ci rh'j llit'lr 1U dii )ieu niy dd xiy d{ng cd sil tllt Li.,au thtr rnuc cl'to thu viell rtrinil. Ngoii ta man,q ludi nily cdn bio rri co s6 dll ii€u vdn tiri iiOu cia tdi cil cdc thirnh viOn cria SILAS. Diy lir rnuc luc iiOn hclp trong liinh thirc doc biing mrly Cd srJ df lieu niy clfdc xay c.lung dd thrjc hiCn chddng trinh nddn giila ciic thLl vi6n vi phdn c6ng hd sung hclp l!. Tt ninr 1988, mang h16i SILAS bit d.iu trao ddi dfr lieu thd muc vdi mang ludi thd muc Uc (ABN- Attstralian Biblio.rrapic Network) vi mang lddi thlf muc Ncw Zcalancl (NZBN - Nerv Zealand Biblicgraphic Nctwork). 'r Tlut viQtt qu6t lgiu Singapttre Tiiti viOn qudc gia Singapore li\\ mOt trong nhdng thrl viOn di cliu trong viic ld ddng hrja hoat d6ng thti vi€n. Nlm 1973' ThtI viOn qrL6t gia Singapore y6u ciiu bO phin quin l1y' (Management services Dept) Ihrn tdng quan vd td chfc vi chrJc ning cf,a Thu viOn qu6:c gia, bao gdm ci vi6c tLt d6ng h6a..' Nim 1974' B0 phin quin 1! dd ngh! sit dung miiy tinh dd truy cdp trLtc tuydn vi kidm tra luin ciruydn, cbn bi0n muc phii c6 nghiOn crlu ri€ng r€ dd xern xdt tinh khir thi. Trdn ccl sd cria dd nghi niy, Thr-i vi6n qudc gia Singapore trinh l6n B0 Tii chinh dLr rin miy tinh h5a thd vi6n, nhung drl {n k}r6ng clrroc chip nhiin. Nan-r 1977 Van phbng du dn ttl itdng h6a dddc thlnh IAp vd thiing -l nirm 1978 nghi0n crlu vd tt't ch nhilng chrlc ning cia thrr vi€n cldoc holn thinh. MQt dti iu nroi r'6 hi thdng thrr vitn rneiy tinh tich hdp da dddc trinh len B0 l'ili chinh Vio thiing 2 ndm lglg BO Thi chinh d6ng f thrrc lri6n clLt rin rndy tinh hira Thtf vi€n I -14

qudc gia Singapore giai tloan 5 nlm, bit cldu tit ndm tiri chinh t9'79. Giai doan ddu ti€n cfra cld iin dhnh cho mriy tinh h6a chtic ning bi0n muc SINCMARC (Sigapore MARC) drra tl'Cn UKMARC (United Kingdom MARC) dI dtidc xay ddng. Uy ban vd hop tiic thd vi6n vi thrl muc (BILCO - Bibliographical and Library Cooperation) di si( dung SINGMARC dd xiy clung cd sd df li6u thu muc qudc gia Singapore. Kd ddn h dd in m:iy tinh hori cho ciic chri'c ndng khdc cia thii vi€n nhrr OPAC, kidm soit ludn chuyCn, bd sung, kidrn tra i-n phdm dinh k!,. ' * Dai hoc qu1i gia Singapore (National LiniversitJ of Sittgopore) Dtr :in rndy tinh hoa horL d0ng thtt I idrr tJdu Lii-n ,-r Eai hoc qudc gia Singapore lir dtr iin vd hg ttrdng kidm tra t'n phlim dinh kj,birng nrdy tinh n6i bO (COMSEIL) nirm l97ti. COMSER dt/dc sfr dung rld xLri't bin clanh tntrc air phim li6n tLIc thco tht'r trJ chff ciii vi theo nrdn loa i. Nim 1981, hQ thdng luAn chuydn td ditng cira thri vi6n (LACS - t-ibrary Automatcd Circulation System) dl((tc xey dung trdn cd s6 cia mdy tinh Hcwlett Packard System 3000. Ngoiri ra LACS cfing h6 tro cho vi0c muon vi tri siich truc tr-rvdn. C[ng vlo nim t981, Tht/ vi6n Eai hoc qudc gia Singapole nhan dddc phin mdrn MINISIS dd tu dQng h6a chfc ning bci sung, bi0n rruc. MINISIS li phdn m6m do Trung tenr nghien cr.'ru Qudc td (IDRC- International Development Rescarch Centre) d Canada sin xu{t vi drJdc drra ddn caic thrl vitn vi trung tam lh6ng tin tren thd gidi, chri ydu li ddn cdc nddc dang phrit tri6n. S;ru giai doan thi{ nghiCrn thirnh cOng, MINISIS dtldc chinh th(rc srl dung vircr 135

thiing 4 ndm 1982. b51 cliu vcri chLi'c nlng bi6n nrtru. Biciu ghi thrr nruc dudc nhap viro cd sd clLl li0u lLrrrn chuyen ctia LACS, 'fr6n ccl sd mdy tinir lioi. hoat dOng thd vi6n, ThLi vi€n Dai hoc qudc gia Singaporc cll xdy dung nhfrng ccJ sd dfr li€u kh6c nhau ald phuc vu ngLtili doc cfrr thu vien, tieu bidu lit cd sd dtr li€u PERIND. PERIND ildctc ce'u tao dd thdrrg ke nhlrng bai biio, tap chi li€n quan ddn Singapolc, Malaysia, Brunei vii ASEAN. Ngoli ra, tU nim l9B2 thd vitn Dai hoc qudc gia Singapore cing phuc vr-r cho vi6c truy cip d[ Iieu ti xa nhrJ DIALOG, INFOLIEN, WILSONLIN, MEDLINE,... 'Iuy nhi8n, clo phin nTdm MINISIS cri nhidu han chd n€n viro thiing l2 nirnr 1989, thrl vi€n Eai hoc quot gie.singapore dd quy€i dinh cli dirt hq rhdng URICA a' Vi|n c6ng nghA Nanyatrg (Nanyutg 'feclutological Irtstitrttc) (NTI) Vi€n cdng ngh0 Nanyang tbtinh lip nrim 1981, ndm mi d Singapore vi6c rndy tinh hori hoat tl6ng thtl vien dd chuy€n sang giai doan phdt tridn. Do cl6 lf,nh dao thri vi6n ctia Vi0n c6ng nghd Nanyang quydt dinh rniiy tinh hda hoat d6ng ngay tii thdi Sian ddu xiy ddng thd vi€n. DAu tien thrr vi€n drt tlinh sfi dung phin mdn MINISIS, nh ng sau dri tham gia vio h6 thdng MALMARC (Trung tArn Dai hoc Sains Malaysia) dd lin) phidu rnuc luc. Ngoiri ra ad tidrn tra luin chuydn thLr vien sL? dung phdn mi)rn TechrGrat vI dd kidrl t::a dn phdm li6n tuc thu vi€n sfi dung phdn nrdm trt xey drrng. Trong khi st\"/ clung nhilng hC thdng khiic nhau niry thr.t vidn ti6p tqlc xem xit hd thdrrg hohn chinh cd chri'c ning tich hdD. l -lo

Th:ing 7 ndrn 1987, Thd vi6n cfra Vi6n c6ng nghe Nanyang cli dlt h6 thdng Sydney tr€n miiy vi tinh VAX 8200. Sau 4 thiing thr? nghi€m, hd thdng Sydney kh6ng drip irng ddQc nhdng yiu t6 crla thtr vi6n. Diu ndrn 1988, Thti vi€n Vi0n c6ng nghe Nanyang cii dirt h€ thdng ATLAS chay tr6n m{y tinh VAX 8800. Vdi ATLAS, rhu viCn dI thrfc hien chfc ndng tich hop tf|.rc tuydn cho bd sung, bi6n rnuc, ludn chuydn, kidm tra n'n phdm dinh kj' vi OPAC.'fhd vitn da kei ndi vdi cdc thrJ vi6n dai hoc trong nrldc vd phuc vu cho tr€n 1000 mriy tinh cii nhin tluy cip trdc tuyen. 't' Tnlihg Bdch khoa Singapore (Singttpore I'olytechnic) (SP) Mfy tinh hod hoat <16ng <1du tidn cira Thi vieln trtldng B?'Ich khoa Singapore le xuft btin danh muc i'n phdm li6n tLLc vir a'n phCm dinh k!. Sau d6 d6n thiing l0 ndm 1984 thti vien cari datt phdn nr,3ni VTI-S (Virginia Tech Library System) chay tr6n nriy tinh Hewict Packard 3000. Giai doan diu thd vien rldi rhric hi0n m6t sd rnoclul nh(: bi€n muc, luin chuydn, kidm tra ti6u d€ rnlu, Sau nf,m 1986 mdi thfc hien nhfrng modul cdn lai. Tir thting 6 nim 1986 thrr vi€n de kdt ndi dddc vdi mang lLrdi ctia ciic Lrutlng dai hoc trong nrfclc. * Tritlng Bdch klrca Ngee Ann (NP -\" Ngee Anrt Polytechnic) Thd viOn trudng Bdch khoa Ngcc Ann bit ddu kd hoaoh tu r16ng hoii viro ndm 1982. Ddn 3l thJng l0 nim l9E3 rndi cii clirt phdn mdrn hQ thdng kjdm sorit lufn chuydn tluc tuydn (OCCS - Online Circulation Control System) tren miy tinh Plime. Sau mOt ndnr da thuc hien dddc ciic modul nh(: kidm sorit ii phi'rn vii bd sung. OCCS ii phin nrdm cira trr-rdng B:ich khoa Ngcc .[n. 137

Ndnr .1987 thu vien bd strng phiin nrdrn t)nt vin biin BI{S/SEAIiCH cld duy tri h€ th6ng tim thdng tin tLuc tuydn nQi bQ nly. ThLl vi6n trrJilng b;ich khoa N\"gee Ann cfing cri thd truy c.lp vio cdc dich vu dfr li6u b€n ngoii nhu DIALOG, .SDC/ORBIT, dich vq dlr li€u tdi chinh PERCAMON vi NEWSNET. {'l,lhihtg tlut viin kluic Nhtrng thd vi€n nhd mdy tinh hod hoat d6ng thu vien muon hdn, sau nim l985. Diu ti6n li thrt vi6n trudng Cao rling Hwa Chong Junior u! nhi€m cho Comsertrac Computer Centre xAy drJng hQ th6'ng tich hop cho bi€n mr,rc, bd sung, luAn chuydn, kidm soiit A'n phdn dinh ky vn OPAC tr'0n m6y vi tinh Wnng VS. Ndm 1986, he th0ng nly d[ hoi n chin h. Gifa nim 1987 vi 1988,4 thd vi6n cii tlit Systcm. E6 li Thrt vi6n cfia National Productivity Board, Thu vi€n cria Institute of Systerns Scicnce vd ThLr vi6n cria Trinity Theological College. Syclney Micro Library Systerl li mOt trong sd it nhfng phdn n-rdm tich hdp hoat rlOng tr6n IBM PC vi XT. PhAn mdm niy ngly nay kh6ng cdn drrtlc sir dung 3 Singapore- rnarl n)cnl Knac pno orcn trong cac tntr v.r^en n|n\"o ua Singapore lai LIBMAM (Library Database Management), chay tr€n miiy tinh Wang VS 5000 nhd d thu vi6n Monetary Authority of Singaporr:, d thu vi6n Ministri, of Trade and Industry vi 6 thrr vien Vocaticnal and Industrial 'I'raining Board. Thrr vi€n cria Institute on Standards var Industrial Rasearch Library ciri dit ATLAS. 138

Ngoiri ra, nr6t sd thu vi0n nh6 khdc sfr ctung phin mdm ndi b0. 1.2. Th:ii Lan d Tnei Lun, cd quan cliu ti€n iltia ra dd dn vd vi6c sfi dung rndy tinh trong hoat ddng thu vi€n lir Vi6n c6ng ngh0 Chiu A (AIT - Asian Institute on Tcchnology) vlo ndm 1968 Sau d6 Ii cdc vi6n dai hoc, thr/ vien chuyen nginh, c:ic trung tiim thdng tin vi Thu vien qudc gia. Bi Nonglak Minaikit (Khoa Thu vi6n hoc. Eai hoc Chulalongkorn) ndm 1986 dd lim m6t cu6c khlio siit v6 vitc hp dung cdng ngh€ th6ng tin trong thri vi€n vI chi ra riing rndy tinh drroc sft clung nhidu nhdi cho vi€o xui't bin danh muc irn phi'rn li€n tuc. Nhi/ng chfc ning khic cbn trong giai doan nghiOn cL?u, thir nghie m. Nhung ddn nim 1989, nghi€n ctlu cfra biL Nonglak Minaikit cho thd'y vi6c sir dung c6ng nghO th6ng tin dfr dt(dc nd rOng tronc ciic hoat atong thd viCn, nhd sir dung mriv tinh trong bii sung, bi€n muc, kidm so:it in phim liCn tuc - i'n phdrn clinh kj', Iuin chuydn, dich vu th6ng tin chi ddn' hhnh chinh vi truydn th6ng. * Bd sung I{du hOi cdc h6 th6'ng bd sung cria cdc thrr vifn l.i theo hinh thfc ofllinc tri Thd vien cia ViSn c6ng ngh0 ClLiu A bd sung theo ci hai hinh thrlc online vir offline' Nhfrng thrf vi0n niry lhm phiiu dat mua, clanh muc nhtlng tua dd y6u cirr, 'lltrrlt rngc siich xdp theo chri d6, danh muc sdch nhAn, blo ciro tii chinh vir nhfng brio cdo thdng k€ khric. r39

* BiEn ntuc Chc thrJ vi€n rlii miiy tinh hira bi6n nuc cho tii li€u chuy€n khio vii tli iidu nghc nhin. Trry nhjcn iriu bOi thLr vi€n tep rrung vi€c bi0n muc cho rii li€u tie'ng Auh, rii it rhrr vi6n quan tdrn dth tii li€u biing tidng Thii. Didu niry li clo han chd cria nh[ng phdn rndnr cd sin. Nhirng phin rndm niry khong rhich hcrp vdi chf 'I.h:ii vir cdn cluoc bii sung. * Kidm sotit iit phdm dlnh k1 vit 6h phdn liAn ttlc Ci'rc thu vi6n di si? clung nriy rinh dd lap danh muc biio, in phdm dinh kj, vir danh nuc {n phCm lii)n ruc. ViQc ldp danh muc naly cia ciic thd vi6n c6 nhidu mrlc cl6, c6 mric d6 n6i b6, qudc gia ddn mfc d6 qudc td. + I)itfi cli s6'ih phdm rlinh kj Ciic thu vi6n sir dung mdy vr tinh cjiinh chi sd an phiirn clinh kj' cira Thni cho m6r s6'linh vLrc dic bier. ThrJ vi€n y hoc cta Dai hoc Chr\"rlalongkorn, F)ai hoc Prince ol'songkla dl x6y drrng co sd dff ii6u Thai lndcx mcdicus dd cung ct'p cho mang lddi HELLIS (Health Litcrature Library and Infbrmation Services). Thr.r vj€n Nha, thu vi€n Srr pham vi ThLr vi6n Thri y cria Dai hoc Chulalongkorn xiy dt/ng co s6 dfr li€u rr'r khda cho dn phdrr dinh k! Thdi vd linh vdc Nha khoa, Girio duc vd Thri y. Thd vi€n Khoa hoc crla <lai hoc Mahidol xay drrng cd sd dtr li6u rt'r khda cho nhinrg i-n phdm dinh k! khoa hoc. * Lttfur thuydit Miy tinh h6a chfc nlng lulin chuydn it dddc rhric l.ri€n 6 ciic thd vie n Thiii lan. Theo khrio s:ir ciia bi Nonglak Mainaikir chi c6 140

4 thrr vi6n sit dung rnl vach, trong d6 li 3 thd vie n trddng y. + Dich vn tra cfiE vd thAng fin Cfr 2 loai: - Dich vu tra cfru vi th6ng tin viro ciic cd sd d[l lieu n6i bo - I)ich vu trr cfu vi thOng tin vi\\o cdc cd si' dfr li6u b€n ng<rli. Ci hai loai niy khri phfj bidn tJ crlc thu vien khoa hoc, thu vi€n chuy€n nginh i, Thrii lan. + Hdnh clitrlt Hliu hti cdc thd vien ddu sir dung rniiy tinlr trong vi€c hinh chinh nhU quin lf nhan srr, thi chinh,..., lin blic c/Lo,''in ii-n ttii li6u,-.. * Truydn th6ng MOt sd thu vi€n ldn sr? clung miiy FAX dd phuc vu mudn giira ci:rc thd vi€n nhd Thd vi6n qudc gia 'l'h;ii lan. * Phdn mdm mdy linh Trong ciic thLl vi6n Thrii Lan sfr dung 2 loai phdn mdm: - Phdn mdnr nrrdc ngoiLi nhu: CDSiISIS, dBASE II, dllASE III, dBASE III plus. - Phdn mdm trong nddc nhd: LOTUS, CDICO, NOVELL. NETWARE, AMIC, }TOXBASE, PROFESSIONAL.,., 1.3. Malaysia Mdy tinh hoii hoat c16ng thLt vi6n it Malaysia dtoc biit cldu vio nzim 1977 vdi sd trct girip crja UNESCO v6 viec tn;dt kd mang lrtdi thu vien cho circ thtl vi6n dai hoc. Dai l.roc Sains l4l

Malaysia 6 Penang li tlung tim c0a du iin. DLr iin niy tli xiy drrng khd rnAu \\{ALlvlr\\RC (Malaysia MARC) drJa tr6n LCMARC (Library of Congrcss MARC, Mt ) vi UKMARC (Unitecl Kingclorn MARC, Anh). MALMARC bdt diu hoat ddng til thdng 7 nim l9?9 vi ddn ddu nlm 1980 MAI-MARC drrQc phd bidn r6ng rai trong chc thr-r vi6n 6 Malaysia. Nim 1982, Thu vi€n quoc gia Melaysia dir sir dun.r.l N'tALMARC dd bjSn soan \"Malaysia Ncwspapcr Indcx\"vir \"Thu tnuc qudc gia Malaysia \". Tit sau nim 1985, ThLr vien qudc gia Malaysia da ddn ddn trr ddng hori hoat d6ng thrJ vien. TU ndm l985 thr/ vi6n di truy ciip co so dfi li0u ti xa nhd truy cdp d6n rlich vu th6ng tin DIALOG th6ng qua Pzrlo Alto vlo M!, truy cAp th6ng tin v€ Tieu chudn vi Phlt minh th6ng qua SIRIMLINK. Nirm 1989, vdi vi6c bd sung loai mdy HP 3000 950 Scries, Thu vien qudc gia da thi€'t lip Modul OPAC, Mortul bd sung vii luin chuydn, Modul kidm sorit i'n phdm liOn tuc. Phdn mdm mly tinh drroc sfr dung d Thr-r viOn qudc gia Malaysia ln VTLS (Virginia Tech Library System) Ktriic vdi ciic loai tl.ul vien khiu, thrl vien kht'ra hoc tluoc c:ic cd quan chfi quin quan Lam vi diu tLr nhidu hon cho viGc trl ddng hod hoat d6ng thrr vi6n, ti€u bidLr ln Thtr vi6n dai hoc Sairrs Malaysia sr? dung nhidu loai phdn mdm kliiic nl.rau nhrJ DOBIS/ LIBIS, phdn rndm thu vi6n Anh, Wordstar, Ventura, Lotus, Page Makcr- PhAn rndrn CDS/ ISIS dddc sft dung cho co sd dd li6u MIDASBIB viL UNFAO. Thrt vi€n tlai hoc Sains c6 thd ndi kdt vrli ciic ctl sd df 1i6u trlt xa nhd DIALOG thdng qua Malaysia Packet Switched Public Data Nctwork (MAYPAC). Nh)n chung, qu;i trinh tu d6ng h6a 3 thu vien khoa hoc cira Malaysia da d giai doan hohn chinh. Sau l0 nini thanr gia dri iin MALMARC, cric thrl vi6n khoa hoc til viec td tl6ng h6a qud trinh bi6n muc, bii 142

sung vir ludn chuydn, kidrn tra tua d6, kidm tra t'n phdm li6n tuc di chuydn sang giai doan truy cdp co srl dff lidu ti ;ra vir trao cldi dtr lie u. Ed phuc vu tdt hon ngrJdi doc crla mlnh, cdc thu vien chuy0n nginh cflng quan tim d€h vi€c trt ddng hda hoat d6ng thu vi€n. Ti0u bidu li thrr vi6n vir dich vu th6ng tin (PLIS - PETRONAS Library and Infornration Services) cira PETR ONAS (Petroleurn National) PLIS, PLIS dI thtrc hi8n nhftng hoat d6ng nhrf: bi6n muc, kidrn so6t luan chuydn, xiy dung cd sd dtr IiCu vd c6ng nghiep diu khi, ndi kdt ud; ciic chi nhlinh cira PLIS bing phdn mdm MINISIS. MINISIS ln phdn mdnr Co Trung tdm nghien cr?u phrit tridn Qudc td (IDRC - International Dcve lopment Rcsearch Ccntre) d Canada sii n xuiit ir ducJc dua ddn c:ic thd vie n vi trung tArn th6ng tin tr0n \" chir ydu li thd gidi, din cic n r-rr1c dang phdt tridn. MOt trong nhfing thd vi6n chuyen nghnh dr-ra nt.iy tinh vao hoat d6ng thrl vi6n sdm nhdt lh Thu vi€n crla Vi6n nghiCn cfrLr Cao su (RRI - Rubber Research Instinrte) Ngay diu nhlhg nAm 1970. thd vi€n cria RRI dd xudt bin b[ng m{y vi tinh cho nhlrng t6m tait vh drinh chi sd tdi li€u cao su. I'li€n nay Thrr vi€n cria RRI bio tri 2 co sd dl li6u quan trong: - Co sd rld li€u NR (Narural Rubber) Khoing 17.000 bidu ghi - Cd sA dii li6u RUBMAN: dfi lidu v6 cic td chLi'c li€n quan tldn c6ng nghi€p cao su. Ngoiri ra, thrl vi6n cria RRI cbn xiy clung m6t cd sA dlr lieu c6 ten lzl VOCAB, c<J sd clll li€u niy bao gdm 42-000 fiuit ngtr c6 143

Ii6n quan dCrr cao su .rir c6 thC lruy uep tnrc tuyin. Viec trr dOng htia hoat d0ng cila ciic thrt vi6n cOng c6ng kh6ng ddrlc phdr tridn nhu r1 cdc rhr/ i,i6n khdc. .t.hrr vi6n c6ng c6ng ddu ti€n tiin hdnh nrily tinh hria iroat tl6ng thrr vien ti Sabah State Library. Thd vi6n niy cd m6t rhLt viCn chinh vdi 20 thLr vi.^n chj uliiinlr. Nrint 1980, hC rh6-r)g rhd vj0n tich hdp URiCA drictc ciri cliit vio thu'vi6n vr'li vi6c stir clung McDonnell Douglas Microdata (M6525). H€ thdng UR{CA c6 6 nrodul dd phuc vu cho vi6c xfi lj ky rhuer vi dich vu ngrrili rtoc. Ng)y nay h6 thdng ndy da ph6r rridn rhrlnh SEA * LrlilCA. 1.4. Philippincs 0 Philippines vitc sr.? dung mriy vi tinh rrong hoar.dong thr.r viOn biit ddu vio cudi nhirng nitrr 1970. Eic bjet viro ndm l97ti dridi srl trd gidp cira chuy6n gia IJNRSCO,6ng Ajay Rajzada, Thrt vi6n qu6c gia Ptri)ippincs dA xay dung nruc 1uc doc bling mdy clua 1r'dn muc luc doc birng miy cia T'hu vi€n eu6c h6i Mi (LC MARC) vi cti bd sung rn6t sd yeu td. Ctlng nim 197g, Thu viCn qu6c gia Philippines xiy drrng cd sd .lat li6u thU muc qudc gia vi xuii bin thu muc qudc gia biing mriy vi rinh. Nim l9g0 xiy tlrrng co sfi df li6u danh muc dii phdrn r.iinh kj, cria philippincs_ Tir cld, vi€c si'r dung nrfy vi tinh vlo hoat d6ng rhd vien tr6 n€n phd bi6ir hdn, cu thd trong ciic c6og vi0c kh;ic nhau nliu bd sung, bi6n nruc, cldnh clii sd. truy cip rrdc tuyeir,.._ ViCc rruy cip th6ng rin rrJ xa cdn hiLn chd', chi c5 trong ciic rhr/ vj€n l:hoa hoc vi rhtt vi6n chuy8n nginh nhu Thd vi€n cira ilai hoc De Ia Salle, Thu vi€n crla dai l.roc Atcueo de Manil:i,'I'hrr vi6n cia Vi6n nghien crlu lda qu6'c td,'l'hrJ vi0u crja 'I.d chr1c sfic khde the gidi,... ligoer ra, rr€n cd sd mfy Linh hda hoat ddng rhrl vi6n. ciic thL/,:i€n khoa hoc vir 144

thrr vi6n ciruyOn ngirnh de ndi kdt vdi nhar: dd trao ddi th6ng tln. Trong he th6ng thtl vie n c6ng cdng viec srl dr:ng mriry rinh trcng hoat d6ng thu vjdn chrta LlLirrc phO bie'n. 1.5. Indonesia d Indonesia, m6t trong nhtrng thd vi€n diiu ti6n sfi dung mriy tinh trong hoat d6ng thr/ vien lir ThLi vi6n cria Vi6n nghidn crlu Ning Itldng Di6n (Eleclrc Power Researclr Insritutc), Sau d6 viro nim 1980, 'fhri vi€n qu6'c gia lndcnesia bdt ddu rLr ddng h6a hoat d6ng thd viCn. ThLt vi6n quiic gia Indonesir xiy ddng muc luc doc bing mdy c6 t6n lA INDOMARC (lndonesia MAITC) dLia tren SEAN4ARC (South East Asian MAI{C). Tr0n cd sti dd, Thtr vi0n qudc gia Indonesia xiy drrng OPAC (Online Public Access Catalogue), bi€n rnuc, kjdm so:it lurin chuyEn, kiern soiit tie Lr cli, kidm sorit i'n phdm li6n tuc vir xiy dL-rng cric lcai cd sd dir lierL khdc nhau Phin mdnr mi ThLi vi€n quOc gia Indonesia sr-r dung l:\\ VTLS (Virginia Tech Library System). Lj do Thu vi6n quCrc gil Indonesia chon phin mdm niiy vi diy li phdn rn€m da dddc n)dt sd thu vi6n 1dn srl dung nhd Thrr vi6n qudc gia Nga, Thd vien qudc gia Phin Lan, ThLr vien qu0c gia Scotland, Thu vi€n qudc gia Malaysia, 'I'ht/ vi0n N6ng nghiEp qudc gia M!.... vi\\ phdn rndn.r niry cci cCu trric m6, da ng6n ngir, d6 dlng ndi kdt vrli muc luc li€n hctp. 2. Xu hddng xiy dr/ng mang ldriri thdng tin thd mr-rc (Bibliographic Netrvork) 'fheo A.F. Trezza trong \"The ALA Yearbook\" xuit bin nim 19'17 thi \"Mang ludi th6ng tin thd muc li h6 th6ng th6ng tin 145

dllr nrlrc nirirm mqc dich phln chia ngu6n thOng tin vd tii li€u, ngudn nhan luc, trang thidl bi, kt rhuar vi rfr ca nhfng ydu td khirc cdn thidt dd hoat d6ng th6ng rin rhd muc d.1t hi6u qul cao\". Mang lddi th6ng tin thu muc Ii ni6m md ddc rU lAu crla nhrlng ngrlili lirn c6ng t{c thOng tin rhd muc. Ngiy nay nidm mo ddc ney dA trd rhilnh hlen rhuc nhil sLr ph{t tridn cria c6ng ngh6 thdng tin, nhd quii tdilh td d6ng h<ia hoat d6ng thong tin thu muc. Mang lLidi th6ng tin thd rnuc li kdt qui cfa vi€c iip dung c6ng nghe th6ng tin viro hoat c16ng th6ng rin rhr-t muc. Vi6c xliy dring nhtng ntang lLtdi thdng tin thU muc trong m6i qudc gia dcm Iai nh{lng hi6u qui sau dAy: - Ti6i ki€m clrrdc tidn bac, c6ng sfrc, thdi gian cria cdn b6 thrr vien -th6ng tin. - Lirn phr;ng phri thFnr ngu6n Irrc rh6ng rin. - Phuc vu ngrldi diing tin tOt hdn. - Tao clidu kien thuAn ldi dd rham gia vho mar.rg ludi th6ng tin thd muc qudc gia, khu vdc vi qudc td. Nhu cCu cfra ngUr)i dilng tin ngiy cing phong phri c1a dang, ngiy cing phLi'c tap. Hont d6ng th6ng tin rhd muc phdi thrldng xuy6n rlidc mE r6ng ad arip L'rng cho nhfrng trliu cdu th6ng tin niy vzi thrlc hiOn chfrc nirng xl hdi crla th6ng rin rht-r mUC. NgiLy nay, hoat d6ng th6ng tin thu muc kh6ng cbn mang rinh chAi ri€ng 16, phin tiin mi mang tinh chi't rep rrung, lien koi. Mang lrr6i th6ng tin thrl mqc li sd tep hop vii phln chia ngudn htc th6ng tin d nhidu n-rt'c dO khiic nhau: mL?c clQ qudc gia, rnL'fc d6 khu vrlc vl mfc dO )46

qudc td. lnternet il sLr phdn chia ngu6n thOng rin 3 mri.c d6 qudc td. Co sd cfia Inremer li sLr ndi kdt rn6r s6'mang lddi rh6ng rin rd ddng cfia cdc khu vdc vi cic qudc gia ri6ng 16. 2.1, Mang hfdi thdng tin thri muc qu6t gia d OOng Nam A, song song vdi vi6c trJ d6ng h6a hoat tl6ng thrl vi6n, cdc thlt vi6n cfrng tidn hinh xiy drJng mang ludi rh6ng tin thd muc. Cho dOn nay, troug m6t sd qudc gia E6ng Nam A clir xiy dring clrrcic rd't nhidu mang h-rr1i th6ng tin thu muc, 2.1.1.'Ihtii ktn Thfi Lan li m6t trong nhffng nutlc E6ng Nam A xdy dung nhi6u mang tudi thdng tin thd muc qudc gia, nhu: * TIiAINATIS (Thailand National Informarion Sysiim): lz\\ mang thong tin thrr muc qu6'c gia ldn nhi't 3 Ttrdi Lan (xem chuong 3, cht/dng trinh NATIS) '4 THAILINET (Thai Acadcmic Library Network) Diy lir mang hfdi thd vi€n ciic rrudng dai hoc 3 thri d6 Bangkok vi 3 cric tinh (PULINET-Provincial Univer.sity Library Network). THAILINET drrcrc xdy dUng trong giai rloan 1994 - 1996. Muc dich chinh crla THAILINET li phdn chia ngudn ltrc th6ng tin trong ciic trLrdng dai hnc. PULINET drrdc rh:inh lap rir nam 1986 sau d6 kdt trop vdi THAII-INET. * .THAT POPIN THAI POPIN li mang l[di th6ng tin ddn s6'qu6'c gia rluoc xdy drtng bEi Tmng rem th6ng tin DAn sd'Ihdi Lan (TplC-Thai Population Infbrmation Ccntre). Mang lrriii niy droc hinh thinh ndm 1984, c6 khoing 20 cd quan tham gia viro mang ludi. Hoar 14-/

c16ng cria mang l(aJi bao 96m: mudn gillil cdc tlrr.t vi€n, diLrh vu tra ciru, bd sung. xuit bin, tirn kidm tii li6u, xi,'- drrng vdn tii liQu vir tji'u chuirr hor bierr rnuc trGrr rn;iy. a Nalionul Lubour lnlormation Network DLrdc th.linh lip vio thiing 2 narn .1987, gdm 2 giai doan. Giai doan mdt li giai doan lirp kd hoach viL itlnh thinh mang ludi mi BO t.ao ddng s6 liL trung tim phdi hclp- Ciai doan 2la giai cioiin phirt tridn mang ludi bing viOc ip dung mdy tinh vao vi6c xi'r l;i th6ng tin. Cudi cirng se ndi kdt vdi ALINR (Asean Labour Infor lrlation Netrvork). '' l'f|AISARS (Thai Sat:ial Scicntific attd Re:;earch Nctwork) rlutic xiy dung bdi Trr:ng tiim Di€n tt viL cOng ngh€ miiy tinh Quiic gia (NEC'f EC-i\"\\ational Electronic aud Computer Technology Centre), Mang iuiri niy ndi kdt cd s6 dll lieu truc tuydn cia ttung tem vdi h6 th6ng mdy tinh cira ciic thu vien d Thrii 1an. 2.1.2. Singapore t} Singopo.\" vitc xiy drrng mang lddi gifra cic thrl vi0n lir m6t hoat dOng phd bidn tir st phdt tridn cfia cdng ngh6 th6ng tin. MOt sd mang lrrdi thdng tin thrJ muc it Singapore nhu: * Liitt hi?p nhrtng iut vitn gitio duc (Educatiort Librttries Con.soiium 1 Vi6n gi:io riuc (lnstitute of Education), Vidn phiit tridn chr-ldng tr)nh giing clay (Cun'iculum Devclopmcnt Institute) cfra Singapore vi Rd Cilc ciLrc hinlr thirnh 1i6n hi€p mdy tinh hoii hoat t16ng thLi vi6n. Drf dn mdy rinh hod hoirt d6ng thtt viQn cfa li€n 148

hi6p niy hriL diiu trY nirm 1987, nhdns mii din thdng 6 nam lggg phin rndm ATLAS mcli {lr-tdc chon loc vtl ciri dirt rnly tinb VAX 8250 3 Vierr Gido duc. Thr{ng 7 niinr t98fi thdc hi6n nroclul bien muc, thiing 10 rhLrc hi6n modul hidrn rr-a lLriin chuydn, thiing 4 nini l9fl9 rhuc hien OPAC, modul bd sung ve'r moclul kidrn tra t'n phdm IiO n mc. 86 Ciiio duc vir Vi€n phirt tridn chrrr-rng trinh gidng dny c6 thd truy cip tldn Vi€n Gido duc- r' I-i0n hiip nhfrng tht viA,t Ludt Du in vd hC thdng tich hilp cr'ra cdc rhrl vi6n Luit ddLrc drra ra v)o thdng 3 ndm l988 nhtrng mii din thlng 7 ninr 1989 mili nhen dddc mdy rinh VAX 6320 vii vio rh:ing 9 nim t989 phin mdm A'I-LAS Version 2.0C dir cLfdc chon loc v:l cli dat. Ed phuc vu cho vi6c tim th6ng rin roin viin, li6n hiep thu vien Luet bd sung phdn nTdm STATUS vi tr.6n co sd phdn rndm niry li6n hi6p thLI vi6n Ludt xiy dung co sE d{1 li6u roin van vd Luat cfra Singapore. MOr rrong nhtTng rhd vi6n ctia li6n hi6p rhLr vi6n L.der lii Thd vien cfra Attorncy General's Chambers cdn tham gia dich vu rrtrc tuydn I-EXIS/NEXIS. + LiAn hi?p nltthtg thrt viin ECOMNET Li€n hi6p rhr vi€n ECOMNET bao gtinr: - 'I'hLi vie n U! ban phdt tridn kinh rd - Thrf vren Uj, ban phrit tridn thrtong nrai vi hdp tic thinh pno J u rong 149

tli- ThrI vie n buu ,,r,',1 tinlr quOc gia Muc clich cia vi,3c thinh Lip 1i6n hi€p thu vi€n IICOMNET lir phin chia ngu6n lrrc tirirng tin giir'a cric thu vjCn. lfJ'hirng 8 ninr i989 liOn hiQp k.,i hop ddng vdi dich vu xfl rurdy tinh tid crrrg cdp.rd ciii clit phdn mdm ATLAS. Giai doan dAu thrtc hi6n modul OPAC vi modul bi0n nruc. Giai cioan sau thLlc lrii'rr rncd, u,l ,, sulrg urnr,lrr,) ,k.,itiln so:it frn p.hl inr iidn tuc, br\"r rnor:lut luan I ,.4 D.... nrLye 2.1.3. Maloysia 1' MALMAIIC (Malaysia 'l\\'lAltC) MALi\\,1ARC lii tr€ thfing ndi kdt cric thd vien dai hoc c6 sdnr nht't 3 lvlalaysia, nirn l9?9. MALMARC gdm 5 thu vi0n: Thrt vidn Dai hoc SiiLns Mallysiar, ThLr viOn Dai hoc Pertalian Malaysia. Thtl vj0n Dai hoc Malaysia, f'hd vj6n Dai hoc Kebangsaan lvlalaysia vi Tht/ viOn Dai hoc Utara Malaysia. Khi mdi xiiy drfirg, MALMARC chi c6 450.000 bidu ghi, hing nirn h€ th6'ng nly bd sung khoring 80.000 bidu ghi. + PERPUN (7'he Standing Ctntference of National and Lltiversitl' I.ibraries in Malaysia) cri 19 thz\\nh vi6n bao g6m ci Thd vidn qudc gia Malaysia vdi nruc rlich phiin chia ngu6n lrrc trong cdc thrf vi€n khoa hoc. Thinh c6ng crla PERPUN li xdy dLrng quy tdc bi6n nruc chc t6n Malay, bring phin loai tiri li6u nhi nrldc Malayasia- '+ PERDAIVA li mlng lddi Thd vi6n sd H6i gido (The Islirrnic Digital Library Network) gdm cd 9 thinh vi8n. r50