English for Toursim 1

134 Tourist: ________________________________________________ Tourist Officer: ________________________________________________ Tourist: _______________________________________________ Tourist Officer: ________________________________________________ Tourist: _______________________________________________ Tourist Officer: ________________________________________________ Tourist: _______________________________________________ Tourist Officer: ________________________________________________ Tourist: _______________________________________________ Tourist Officer: ________________________________________________ Task 5.3 Match questions in column A with responses in column B. Then practice saying them. Tourist Tourist Officer Column A Column B 1. What types of accommodations are ___ a. By noon on the day of your available there? departure. 2. Are all rooms air-conditioned? ___ b. They vary from luxuryhotels to 3. Do they provide a deposit box in each simple bungalows. room? ___ c. 500 – 700 baht per night for a 4. What is the room rate of a tourist class single hotel? room and 900 – 1,200 baht per 5. What is the usual checkout time? night for a double or a twin room. ___ d. I think so, Sir. ___ e. Certainly, Madam.

135 Task 6.1 Look at the picture below and use it as your model to think about different types of accommodation. Then write a short paragraph about various types of accommodation available in your hometown/ village or in any places you want to promote to tourists. Give some details about facilities and room rates for each type. Picture 5.9: Facilities at a Luxury Hotel, Phuket Source: (Author’s, 2014) Your paragraph might begin as the following examples: 1) ………………… is my hometown. There are some types of accommodations available such as ………………….……………………… 2) I would like to promote …………………. to tourists. There are …………… types of ……………………………………………………………..

136 Your paragraph: _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ Task 6.2 Then use the information from Task 6.1 to write a dialog between a tourist and you. Talk about how to find a good place to stay around the area mentioned in your paragraph and try to give as many details as possible to the tourist. After that, do the role play. Example: Tourist: Excuse me, could you help us, please? You: Certainly, if I can. Tourist: We would like to spend 3 days in Nongkai. What accommodations are available there? You: There are guesthouses, …………………………………..…… ……………………………………………………………………….…….… …………………………….…………………………………………………

137 Your own dialog: You:_______________________________________________________ Tourist: ______________________________________________________ You:_______________________________________________________ Tourist: ______________________________________________________ You:_______________________________________________________ Tourist: ______________________________________________________ You:_______________________________________________________ Tourist: ______________________________________________________ You:______________________________________________________ Tourist: ______________________________________________________ You:_______________________________________________________ Tourist: ______________________________________________________ 7. GLOSSARY OF VOCABULARY accommodation (n.) a place for somebody to live or stay at (ท่พี กั ) amenities (n.) features that make a place pleasant, comfortable or easy to live in (ความน่าดึงดูด สง่ิ อานวยความสะดวก) available (adj.) that you can get, buy, use, etc. (ที่หาได)้ azure (adj.) bright blue in color like the sky (สฟี ้าสด) budget tourist (n.) a tourist who wants or has to spend a little money (นกั ทอ่ งเท่ยี วแบบประหยัด)

138 classify (v.) arrange systematically in classes or groups (จดั จาพวก, แยกประเภท) corporate rates (n.) special rates offered by car rental companies, airlines, hotels, and/or other travel providers to special groups of people. (ราคาพเิ ศษ) efficient (adj.) able to work well without making mistakes or wasting time and energy (มปี ระสิทธิภาพ) facility (n.) equipment to do things easier or to make something possible (ส่งิ อานวยความสะดวก) fix (v.) to decide on a date, a time, an amount, etc. for sth (กาหนดวัน, เวลา, ราคา, และอนื่ ๆ) hospitality (n.) looking after guests and being friendly and welcoming towards them (การตอ้ นรบั ) hostel (n.) a building that provides cheap accommodation to students, workers, or travelers (ทพี่ ักราคาไม่แพงสาหรบั นกั เดินทางอายุนอ้ ย) humor (n.) the ability to laugh at things that are amusing (อารมณ์ขนั ) integral (adj.) necessary for completeness (สาคัญ ครบถ้วน) lodging (n.) temporary accommodation (ทพี่ ักชว่ั คราว) occupy (v.) live in or have possession of a room, house etc. (อยู,่ ครอบครอง) prefer (v.) choose one thing rather than something else; like something better (ชอบมากกวา่ )

139 provide (v.) make something available for some one to use by giving, lending or supplying it (ตระเตรยี ม, หาให้) sumptuous (adj.) very expensive and looking very impressive (หรูหรา ราคาแพง) Idioms ... what it says on the tin: If something does what it says on the tin, it does exactly what it is intended to do. (เปน็ อย่างทบี่ อกเอาไว้) ... to your heart's content: If you do something to your heart's content, you do something enjoyable for as long as you want to do it. (ทาตามใจชอบ) This unit provides students with an overview of tourism industry in Thailand. It offers different kinds of exercises covering all four skills of English with the emphasis on vocabulary and expressions about places to stay while travelling in the country. In this unit, students have opportunities to practice listening, speaking, reading, and writing words and expressions essential for communication with people associated with tourism industry and in everyday language. Students are supposed to get an idea of how to give information to tourists and other people using appropriate grammar forms along with vocabulary required in the specific context. Consequently, they are supposed to be able to communicate well with foreign tourists or guests when talking about places to stay in Thailand.

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UNIT 6 BEAUTIFUL CULTURE AND TRADITIONS Thailand is a country with a long history. Thai people are very proud of their culture and traditions handed down from their ancestors. The typical way of life goes on from generation to generation as the culture and traditions are one of the virtues that refer to the integrity of Thais since the beginning of their nation. Traditions and culture derived from the past are traditional clothing, etiquette, food, various festivals held each month etc. Information about these is beneficial for both Thais and tourists. Picture 6.1: Traditional Thai Costumes Source: (Author’s, 2017)

142 Task 1.1 Look at the picture 6.1 and then answer the following questions. 1) What do you feel about the picture? _______________________________________________ 2) What do you think they promote to foreign visitors? _______________________________________________ 3) Have you ever joined in any cultural activities? When? _______________________________________________ 4) What are you proud of as a Thai citizen? _______________________________________________ Task 1.2 Write what you think is the best about Thai cultures and traditions. Give the reasons to others why you are so proud of it. _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________

143 Read the text about Thai cultures and learn more about them. Thailand's culture has evolved greatly over time, from the country's pre globalization time in Sukhothai era, to its more contemporary Ayutthaya era, when it absorbed influences from all over Asia. Strong Indian, Chinese and other Southeast Asian influences are still evident in traditional Thai culture. Buddhism, Animism and Westernization also play a significant role in shaping the culture. Buddhism in Thailand is strongly influenced by traditional beliefs regarding ancestral and natural spirits. Most Thai people believe that there is a guardian spirit in every house, and they build spirit houses, miniature houses outside their dwellings, for the guardian spirits to live. They present offerings of food and drink to these spirits to keep them happy so that they will give the household blessing and protection in return. If these spirits aren't happy, it is believed that they will cause problems to the household. These spirit houses can be found in public places and on the streets, where the public make offerings. (Culture of Thailand, 2017: 1) Task 2.1 Answer the questions using the information given in the text above. 1) What are mentioned as influences to Thai culture? ______________________________________________________ 2) What is the evidence of Animism influence? ______________________________________________________ 3) What is a spirit house? ________________________________________________________ 4) Why is it built? ________________________________________________________

144 5) Where are they commonly found? ________________________________________________________ 6) What do people believe to happen if they don’t give offerings to spirits? ________________________________________________________ 7) What do you think is the evidence of the Buddhism influence over Thai culture? _____________________________________________ 8) What do you think is the evidence of Westernization influence over Thai culture? ____________________________________________ Task 2.2 Look at the pictures showing Thai cultures and read another text about our cultures. Picture 6.2: Spicy Sour Shrimp Soup Source: (Amazing Thailand, 2017: 1)

145 Picture 6.3: Thai Classical Music Source: (Author’s, 2018) Religion and the monarchy are the corner-stones of Thai culture while Thai art, principally sculpture and architecture, is divided into a number of historical styles from Mon and Khmer (6th – 13th C) to Ratanakosin (19th C to present). Besides, Thai cuisine which is another part of Thai culture is hot and spicy, seasoned with heaps of garlic and chilies and a characteristic mix of lime juice, lemon grass and fresh coriander. Normally, Thai food is served with a variety of condiments and dipping sauces. Speaking of which, there is an incredible variety of fruit available in Thailand, either fresh or juiced and rice whisky known as ‘Lao Khao’ is popular among local people. Meanwhile, classical Thai music with the traditional Thai orchestra is composed of woodwind, string and percussion instruments. Moreover, there are several forms of classical dance in Thailand, especially the masked dance drama called Khon, which is performed with elaborate costumes and masks on the plots adapted from an Indian epic, Ramayana. (Thailand Culture, 2017: 1) After reading, match the correct answers with the questions according to the text. Questions: ______ 1) What are said to be the foundations of Thai culture? ______2) Which are historical styles of Thai art mentioned in the text?

146 ______3) What are some common ingredients of Thai food? ______4) What is mentioned as a popular drink among local people? ______5) Which is best known as an evidence of Indian influence over Thai culture? Answers: a. Rice whisky or Lao Khao. b. Religion and the monarchy. c. The masked dance drama called Khon. d. Mon and Khmer, and Ratanakosin. e. Garlic, chilies, lime juice, lemon grass, and fresh coriander. Task 2.3 Look at the pictures related to the text and then read and complete the text with the words given. Picture 6.4: Doing Wai 1 Source: (Author’s, 2017)

147 Picture 6.5: Doing Wai 2 Source: (Author’s, 2017) social respect followed custom farewell occasions heritage virtuous Thai people greet each other by doing ‘Wai’, a traditional Thai (1)_________ passed from generation to generation. The Wai is practiced on various (2)__________, being used as a greeting, and to show (3)___________. It is also common as a way to express gratitude or apology. The word often spoken with the wai as a greeting or (4)___________is \"sawatdi\", sometimes romanized as sawasdee. This verbal greeting is usually (5) ____________ by \"kha\" when spoken by a female and by \"khrap\" when spoken by a male person. The culture of Wai is regarded as a trait of Thai (6)________ admired and acknowledged by many countries since it is gentle and signifies (7)_________ meanings. The wai has been practiced and still remains an extremely important part of (8)_________ behavior among Thais nowadays. (Kinranee, 2003: 30)

148 Task 3.1 Listen to the dialog and tick ( ) the words you hear. TAPESCRIPT 1 [ ] awareness [ ] carelessness [ ] ideal [ ] idea [ ] crude [ ] rude [ ] touching [ ] touchy [ ] sociable [ ] social [ ] dirtiest [ ] thirsty [ ] respected [ ] pointing [ ] remember [ ] reactor [ ] annoy [ ] enjoy Task 3.2 Look at the pictures showing Thai ways of life and listen to the dialogue and fill in the missing words. TAPESCRIPT 2 Picture 6.6: Doing Wai 3 Source: (Author’s, 2017)

149 Picture 6.7: The Floating Market, Ratchaburi Source: (Author’s, 2012) Tourist: Excuse me. I am wondering why Thai people put the palms of their (1)________ together and modestly bow their heads when they first (2)_______ each day. Tourist Officer: It’s called (3)‘_______’. Thai people do that to greet each other. Tourist: How nice! But sometimes I see them doing a Wai while talking. Tourist Officer: Well, the Wai is done on various (4)__________, being used as a greeting to a (5)_________ person, to show respect to sacred Buddhist (6)________ and structures and to signify an (7)________ or gratitude by a younger person to an older one. However, the gesture is (8)_____ at different levels depending on the purpose.

150 Tourist: Wow, what an interesting (9)__________! By the way, I’d like to experience more Thai culture. Where do you suggest I go? Tourist Officer: What about the (10)__________ Market in Ratchaburi, and Siam Niramit in Bangkok. You can see how (11)___________ Thais live at the Floating Market and learn more about Thai culture in the (12)__________ shows at Siam Niramit. Tourist: Sounds great! Thank you for the (13)___________. I’ll take your advice. Tourist Officer: You’re very welcome. Have a good trip. When we show our sudden feeling, we begin the phrase with: 1) What + a/an + adj. + countable noun beautiful girl! What a boring story! wonderful day! interesting custom! What an important legend! Unbelievable

151 2) How + adj. beautiful! boring! How wonderful! interesting! important! unbelievable! nice! Task 4.1 Work in pairs. Look at the pictures and make 4 exclamatory phrases about the pictures. Begin each phrase with ‘What…!’ and a different adjective. Then take turns to practice saying it. Picture 6.8: Classical Thai Dance Source: (Author’s, 2017)

152 Picture 6.9: Bang Pa-In Palace, Ayutthaya Source: (Author’s, 2013) Picture 6.10: A Horse-Drawn (After Rice Harvest Festival) Source: (Author’s, 2016) Picture 6.8: _______________________________________________ Picture 6.9: _______________________________________________ Picture 6.10: ______________________________________________ Picture 6.11: ______________________________________________

153 Task 4.2 Look at the pictures and make 4 exclamatory phrases beginning with ‘How…!’. Use a different adjective in each sentence and then take turns to practice saying it. Picture 6.12: Kinnaree, Phu Kon Forest Temple, Udon Thani Source: (Author’s, 2014) Picture 6.13: It’s Heavy, Sakonnakhon Source: (Author’s, 2016)

154 Picture 6.14: Let’s Eat, Nongkai Source: (Author’s, 2017) Picture 6.15: Big Buddha, Sukhothai Source: (Author’s, 2016)

155 Picture 6.12: _______________________________________________ Picture 6.13: _______________________________________________ Picture 6.14: _______________________________________________ Picture 6.15: _______________________________________________ Task. 5.1 Look at the picture related to each exchange and complete each dialog with the words given. Then practice speaking the dialogs. 1) masked classical Theatre arts Picture 6.16: Khon, Udon Thani Source: (Author’s, 2018)

156 Tourist: I’d like to see some __________ Thai dance and drama. Where should I go? Tourist Officer: You should watch Khon, the _________dance drama or Thai puppetry and other performing ___________ at the National __________ in Bangkok. 2) folk festivals hospitable considered activities Picture 6.17: I-saan Folk Dance Source: (Author’s, 2017) Tourist: What are some interesting cultural activities in the Northeast? Tourist Officer: There are many ____________ and many kinds of _________ dances like SoengKratib and Lamploen as well as music from Thai instruments like Pong-lang, and Khaen. Besides, the people in this region are ___________ to be the most ____________.

157 3) culture family homestay life Tourist: What’s the best way to experience the Thai way of _________? Tourist Officer: What about living with a local ___________? Tourist: You mean ____________? Tourist Officer: That’s right. This way, you can learn more about our __________. 4) believe built miniature offerings Picture 6.18: Crafted Spirit House Source: (Spirit House, 2017: 1)

158 Picture 6.19: Simple Spirit House Source: (Author’s, 2017) Tourist: Which hotel in Udon Thani do you suggest I stay? Tourist Officer: Would you __________ a four-star or a three-star hotel? Tourist: A three-star, please. Tourist Officer: Then I __________ the Banchiang Hotel. Tourist: And where in Trang do you suggest? Tourist Officer: I suggest you stay at a __________ bungalow or homestay so that you can ___________ the way of life of the fishermen and local people there.

159 Task 5.2 Make a short dialog by substitute some words or places in Task 5.1 and practice speaking it with your partner. Example: Tourist: What’s the most famous cultural event or activity in Khonkaen? Tourist Officer: The Phuksieo ceremony and silk weaving. …………………………………………………………………………………… Your dialog Tourist: ________________________________________________ Tourist Officer: ________________________________________________ Tourist: _______________________________________________ Tourist Officer: ________________________________________________ Tourist: _______________________________________________ Tourist Officer: ________________________________________________ Tourist: _______________________________________________ Tourist Officer: ________________________________________________

160 Task 5.3 Work in pairs. Match each question in column A with its response in column B. Then do a role play for each exchange. Tourist Tourist Officer Column A Column B 1.Why do people start doing ___a. Proper clothes – no shorts tank things at a specific time? tops or singlets. 2.What should I wear when visiting a ___b. Well, it isn’t a must. However, temple? people should return a Wai. 3. If someone Wais you, do you have to ___c. No, you should never do that. return the Wai? In Thailand, the head is considered 4. Can I touch my Thai friend on his the most important part of the body. head? However, an old person can touch a 5. I was told to be very careful about young child’s head to show affection. using my feet in Thailand. What does it ___d. They do things at an auspicious mean? time, such as a certain hour or day, which many people believe to be a factor in success. ___e. There are some restrictions you should know about that. For example, one should not pass things on the floor with a foot, and one must not put one’s foot up on a chair or desk when being with other people. Furthermore, one must not point at people or things with a foot. It’s considered impolite or even rude.

161 Task 6.1 Work in groups. Look at the pictures of Northeastern or I-saan culture. Write a paragraph about distinctive aspects of Northeastern Thai culture. Describe the culture and traditions which you are really proud of and would like to promote to tourists. Then present your paragraph to other groups. Picture 6.20: A Loom, Nong Bua Lamphu Source: (Author’s, 2014) Picture 6.21: House Warming Ceremony, Sakonnakhon Source: (Author’s, 2014)

162 Your paragraph: _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ Task 6.2 Use the information in your paragraph from Task 6.1 to make a dialog between a tourist and you. Then do the role play. You:__________________________________________________ Tourist: __________________________________________________ You:__________________________________________________ Tourist: __________________________________________________ You:__________________________________________________ Tourist: __________________________________________________ You:__________________________________________________ Tourist:__________________________________________________ You:__________________________________________________ Tourist: __________________________________________________ You:__________________________________________________ Tourist: __________________________________________________ You:__________________________________________________

163 7. GLOSSARY OF VOCABULARY acknowledge (v.) accept or recognize (sth) (ยอมรบั , รบั รอง) affection (n.) feeling of fondness; love (ความรัก) ancestral (adj.) connected with or that belonged to people in your family who lived a long time ago (ที่ไดจ ากบรรพบุรุษ) animism (n.) the belief that plants, objects and natural things such as the weather have a living soul auspicious (adj.) (ความเชอ่ื เรื่องวิญญาณในธรรมชาติและจักรวาล condiment (n.) favorable, showing signs of future success (เปน มงคล, ไดฤกษ) seasoning (eg salt or peper) used to give more flavour and consider (v.) relish to food (เคร่ืองปรงุ อาหารประจําโตะ ) coriander (n.) be of the opinion (เห็นวา , ถือเสยี วา) plant whose leaves and dried seeds are used in cooking corner-stone (n.) (ผักช)ี costume (n.) foundation (พ้นื ฐาน) cuisine (n.) garment or style of dress (เสือ้ ผา, เคร่อื งแตง กาย) dipping sauce (n.) (style of) cooking, food (การครวั , อาหาร) dwelling (n.) sauce for dipping food in (นํ้าจ้ิม) a house, flat/ apartment, etc. where a person lives elaborate (adj.) (บาน ท่ีอยู) evolve (v.) very detailed and complicated (ละเอียด, ประณีต) heaps of (n.) develop gradually (คอ ยๆพัฒนา) plenty (มาก, จาํ นวนมาก)

164 things such as works of art, cultural achievements and heritage (n.) folklore that have been passed on from earlier generations (มรดกตกทอด) household (n.) all the people living together in a house or flat/ apartment (ครอบครัว) incredible (adj.) amazing or fantastic; difficult to believe to be true (เหลอื เช่อื , นาทง่ึ ) influence (v.) have an effect on someone/something (มอี ิทธพิ ล, มีผลกระทบถงึ ) ingredient (n.) any of the foods that are combined to make a particular dish (สว นผสม, สว นประกอบ) lemon grass (n.) plant with long small leaves used in cooking (ตะไคร) miniature (adj.) very small, much smaller than usual (เลก็ มาก) offerings (n.) things offered as a gift or contribution(เคร่ืองเซน ไหว) perform (v.) do; act (ทาํ , แสดง) principally (adv.) for the most part; chiefly (เปน สวนใหญ) puppetry (n.) art of making and handling puppets (หนุ กระบอก) religious (adj.) of religion (เกย่ี วกบั ศาสนา) restriction (n.) putting a limit on someone/something or something not allowed (ขอจํากดั ) rice whisky (n.) whisky made from rice (เหลาขาว) sculpture (n.) a work or works made by carving wood or stone, clay, etc. (รปู ปน , รปู สลกั , รปู แกะ) season (v.) flavor (food) with salt, pepper, etc. (ปรุงรส)

165 significant (adj.) large or important enough to have effect or to be noticed (สาํ คญั ) signify (v.) mean; indicate (หมายความวา, แสดง) spirit house (n.) a shrine to the protective spirit of a place (ศาลพระภูมิ) trait (n.) distinguishing characteristic (ลกั ษณะ) virtue (n.) behavior or attitudes that show high moral standards (คณุ ความด)ี Idiom in perpetuity (n.) forever (ตลอดไป) This unit provides students with an overview of tourism industry in Thailand. It offers different kinds of exercises covering all four skills of English with the emphasis on vocabulary and expressions about traditions and cultures in Thailand. In this unit, students have opportunities to practice listening, speaking, reading, and writing words and expressions essential for communication with people associated with the tourism industry and in everyday language. Students are supposed to get an idea of how to give information to tourists and other people by using appropriate grammar forms along with the vocabulary required in specific contexts. Consequently, they are supposed to be able to communicate well with foreign tourists or guests when talking about Thai culture and traditions.

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UNIT 7 FASCINATING FESTIVALS AND EVENTS One of the attractions that most attract tourists to Thailand is joining in festivals and events that we have been well-known to tourists for decades. Various fascinating festivals and events are held every month in different parts of the country, and tourists can choose to participate in any of them. All the festivals and wonderful events offered to tourists show Thais’ integrity and virtues. During each of the festivals, Thai people express their love, and bonding among family, friends and community by spending their time having fun together. Picture 7.1: Songkran Festival Source: (Amazing Thailand, 2017: 5)

168 Task 1.1 Look at the picture 7.1 and list at least 5 things that you usually do during the festival every year. 1) __________________________________________________ 2) __________________________________________________ 3) __________________________________________________ 4) __________________________________________________ 5) __________________________________________________ Task 1.2 Write the name of your favorite festival and the reasons you love it. Then present your opinion to others. _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________

169 Read the text about some interesting festivals and events in Thailand and learn more about them. Since there is a diversity of ethnic, cultural, and religious backgrounds among Thai people, tourists can join in the country’s countless festivals and special events throughout the year. Some of these are celebrated all over Thailand, while others are specific to particular cities or provinces. Songkran and Loy Kratong are very fascinating festivals celebrated nationwide and attract thousands of tourists to join in the fun. Most Thai festivals and events are related to religion. However, several come from traditional beliefs and folklore, while some are related to daily life. While the Songkran Festival is held annually on 13-15 April, the exact date to celebrate each of other festivals and events varies each year depending on the lunar calendar and the night of the full moon. Some of the famous religious festivals are Wisakha Bucha Day, the Candle Festival, the Wax Castle Festival, and the Annual Buddhist Robe Offering Ceremony, among others. Some that originated from traditional beliefs and folklore are the Rocket Festival (to ask for favors from Phraya Thaen, the god of rain), and the Loy Krathong Festival (to ask for forgiveness from Phra Mae Khongkha, the goddess of water). Other well-known festive events about Thai life are the Royal Ploughing Ceremony, the Buffalo Racing Festival, and the Long Boat Racing Festival. Task 2.1 Check your understanding about the text above by matching the answers with the questions given below. Questions: ______1) When do Thai people hold festivals and events in Thailand? ______2) What are the most famous festivals said to attract numerous tourists to join in?

170 ______3) What are most Thai festivals and events related to? ______4) Besides festivals mentioned in the text above, what are other 2 religious festivals that you know? ______5) What is the traditional belief for Loy Krathong Festival? ______6) Why do local people hold the Rocket festival? ______7 What festival is held on the exact date every year? ______8) What influences the date (day and month) to celebrate other festivals and events? Answers: a. Religion/ Budhism. b. Tak Bat Thewo Festival, and Flower Alms Offering Festival. c. To ask for forgiveness from the goddess of waters. d. Throughout the year. e. The lunar calendar and the full moon night. f. To ask for rain from Phraya Thaen, the god of rain. g. Songkran Festival. h. Songkran, and Loy Kratong.

171 Task 2.2 Look at another picture and read the text about a particular festival in Thailand. Then decide which statement is true of false. Picture 7.2: The Joyful Watery Battle Source: (Amazing Thailand, 2017: 8) Songkran is a festival to celebrate traditional Thai New Year. It’s a time for family gathering, when family members reunite and spend their time together sharing happiness and fun. The young show respect and gratitude towards the elders by pouring water over the elders’ palms and asking for their blessing. It’s also a time when people show their love, caring, and binding among family, community and even region. They gather together at a temple in the morning to make merit by giving food to monks, do the bathing rite of Buddha images, lay sand stupas, clean the temple monastery, and then happily splash water at one another. The Songkran festival is celebrated everywhere throughout the country. The most joyful part during the very wet festival is when people try to soak each other with water guns and buckets of cool, clear water. The watery battles usually happen from April 13 to 15 though several towns and cities manage to have a longer celebration than the typical period. In Bangkok, the well-known delightful battles happen around Sanaam Luang, especially at Khao San Road, which is a 200-metre stretch of road to the north of Sanaam Luang. It is a very popular place among both Thai and foreign tourists as thousands of people join in the traditional Thai New Year and cheerfully sing, dance, eat, drink, and complete the most important mission of the festival, soaking others.

172 True or False ______1) The Songkran Festival typically takes place at the same day each year from April 12-15. ______2) The festival is significant because it is the traditional Thai New Year. ______3) Splashing one another for joy is not the high light of Sonkran Festival. ______4) Laying sand stupas and doing the bathing rite can indicate binding among people in a community. ______5) The most popular place for this festival in Bangkok is Khao San Road. ______6) Just one thousand people join in the festival on Khaosan Road each year. ______7) People go to the road in No. 6 to sing, drink, and do the cleaning up there. ______8) The young show respect to the elder by splashing them the scented water. Task 2.3 Read and complete the text with the words given. traditional celebrated changes gather variety forgiveness moon float respect lifestyle festival demonstration

173 Picture 7.3: Loy Krathong festival Source: (Amazing Thailand, 2017: 11) Loy Krathong has been (1) _________in Thailand for a long time as a traditional festival coming from ancient believes. The festival is held annually throughout the country with a (2) _________of activities which can attract thousands of tourists to join in the fun. There is a Noppamas Beauty contest, and many (3) __________ performances representing Thai culture such as classical Thai dance and music, krathong making (4)______, krathong contest, as well as wearing traditional costumes. Loy Krathong Festival always takes place on the full (5) _______ night of the twelfth lunar month (known as a Thai lunar calendar), thus the exact date of the festival (6) _________ every year. However, the twelfth lunar month usually falls in the month of November in the western calendar. By the way, the word ‘loy’ could be translated as ‘to (7) _________,’ while krathong is a small lotus–shaped boat usually made of banana leaves, and the name of the (8)__________ comes from the tradition of making krathongs and then floating them on a river. People float a krathong to pay (9) ___________ to Pra Mae Khongkha (the goddess of rivers believed to provide water to farmers), and to ask for (10) _____________ from the goddess for contaminating rivers and canals. The event can be said to represent the unity of each community as people (11) __________ together to help make krathongs and run different activities for the festival held in their local area, and this is the identity of Thai (12) ___________.

174 Picture 7.4: Children and Songkran festival Source: (Author’s, 2017) Task 3.1 Listen to the dialog and tick ( ) the words you hear. TAPESCRIPT 1 [ ] festivals [ ] feasible [ ] Saampran [ ] Songkran [ ] April [ ] August [ ] splashing [ ] splashes [ ] May [ ] merit [ ] buckets [ ] buckle [ ] popular [ ] populate [ ] partial [ ] partying [ ] expedient [ ] experience [ ] interested [ ] interests

175 Task 3.2 Look at the picture and listen to the dialogue between the tourist and tourist officer. Then fill in the missing words or phrases. TAPESCRIPT 2 Picture7.5: Royal Ploughing Ceremony Source: (Amazing Thailand, 2017: 11) Tourist: Is there anything else in April? Tourist Officer: Well, this year we have Visakha Bucha Day in April. It is usually held on the day of the full moon of the sixth Tourist: (1)________ month which falls on April 29th this year. What’s its significance? Tourist Officer: It’s a Buddhist festival and (2)___________ holiday being held to commemorate the birth, enlightenment and death of the Lord Buddha. (3)_________ make merit in the morning and then gather in the evening at temples everywhere to walk with (4)__________ candles in hand around a temple. You can view a beautiful scene of (5)_________ processions in the moonlight.

176 Tourist: Sounds great! What about in May? Tourist Officer: We have the Royal Ploughing Ceremony which is an ancient royal (6)__________ where the king presides over every year. It falls on May 14th this year. Tourist: What’s interesting about it? Tourist Officer: You can watch the solemn ceremony (7)_________ the auspicious beginning of the rice growing season. Two sacred (8)__________ are hitched to a wooden plough and break some ceremonial ground, while rice (9)__________ are sown by court Brahmins and later Tourist: distributed to people as souvenirs. Why is the ceremony held? Tourist Officer: To ensure a good (10) ___________. After the ploughing, the oxen are offered plates of food, including rice, corn, green beans, sesame, fresh-cut grass, water and rice (11)_________. What the oxen eat will make a prediction on the coming growing season. Tourist: Wow! How interesting! Where can I see the event? Tourist Officer: The (12)___________ scene can be viewed at Sanaam Luang, the Royal Ceremonial Ground outside the Grand Palace in Bangkok.

177 Task 3.3 Look at the picture and listen to another dialogue between a tourist and a tourist officer. Then fill in the missing words or phrases. TAPESCRIPT 3 Picture 7.6: Rocket Launching Source: (Amazing Thailans, 2017: 11) Tourist Officer: There is one more festival in May. In the (1)___________ provinces, local people hold Boon Bungfai or Rocket festival in the (2)________ that Phaya Thaen, the god of rain, will give them enough (3)__________ for their farming. In the past, rockets were (4)__________ into the air to ask for rain and fertility, but (5)___________ the festival is more for fun and good luck. Tourist: Which is the main (6)_________ for that? Tourist Officer: Boon Bungfai is held all over the (7)__________, but the main event is in Yasothorn. Tourist: Thank you for all the (8)___________. We’ll try to join in every festival and (9)___________ you

178 recommended. Tourist Officer: You’re welcome. Have a great (10)_____________! Tourist: Thank you. We will. When we talk about something and we don’t care who does it, we usually use a ‘passive voice’ to avoid specifying the agent of an action. Passive voice structure S. + V. to be + V.3 (past participle) - Loy Krathong is held on the full moon night of the 12th lunar month. (We do not focus on who hold the festival. Just that the festival is held is important.) - Corn grains are sown on the field. (We don’t care who sowed them.) - Oxen are offered plates of food. (We don’t care who offer food to them.) Task 4.1 Make 5 passive voice sentences from the active voice sentences given. 1) Nowadays, people launch rockets for fun and good luck. __________________________________________________________ 2) In the past, villagers launched rockets to ask for rain from god. _________________________________________________________ 3) People call that gesture ‘wai’. _________________________________________________________

179 4) Bramins distribute holy rice seeds to people at Sanaam Luang. _________________________________________________________ 5) This year, we will hold the Loy Krathong Festival on November 22nd. ________________________________________________________ When we give a suggestion to tourists about the most popular place to go or to enjoy a festival or event, we can use the phrase ‘main destination’, or ‘main event’ in a sentence as follows. The main destination for the Rocket festival is Yasotorn. The main destination is Yasotorn. (omitted the understood event) ………………………………………………………………………………………………….. The main event of the Rocket festival is in Yasotorn. The main event is in Yasotorn. (omitted the understood event) Task 4.2 Make 5 full sentences using the phrase ‘main destination’ in each sentence. Use the following picture to make one of your statements. Picture 7.7: Boat Racing Source: (Amazing Thailand, 2017: 15)

180 1) Ghost Mask Festival: ________________________________________________________ 2) Yi Peng Lantern Festival: ________________________________________________________ 3) Vegetarian Festival: ________________________________________________________ 4) Illuminated Boat Procession: ________________________________________________________ 5) Chinese New Year Festival: ________________________________________________________ Task 4.3 Make 5 full sentences using the phrase ‘main event’ in each sentence. Use the following picture to make one of your statements. Picture 7.8: Yi Peng Lantern Festival Source: (Amazing Thailand, 2017: 17)

181 1) Ghost Mask Festival: _____________________________________________________ 2) Yi Peng Lantern Festival: ____________________________________________________ 3) Vegetarian Festival: _____________________________________________________ 4) Illuminated Boat Procession: _____________________________________________________ 5) Chinese New Year Festival: _____________________________________________________ Task. 5.1 Look at the picture related to each exchange and complete each dialog with the words given. Then practice speaking the dialogs. 1) supernatural launch festival fertility Picture 7.9: The Rocket Festival Source: (Amazing Thailand, 2017: 15)

182 Tourist: What is Boon Bungfai? Tourist Office: It’s a local __________ coming from traditional beliefs of people in the Northeast in the ________ powers. Tourist: What is the belief? Tourist Officer: They _________ rockets to ask for rain from Phaya Thaen, the god of rain. Tourist: Oh, I see. It’s a rite for rain and___________. 2) dressing planting procession differentactivities Tourist: When is it held? Tourist Officer: Before the rice ________ season, normally in May. Tourist: How do they celebrate it? Tourist Officer: On the festival day, the beautiful rockets in ________ styles are paraded to the launch site while local people ________ in colorful traditional costumes dance to accompany the _________.

183 3) boats worship float lunar Picture 7.10: Loy Krathong festival 2 Source: (Amazing Thailand, 2017: 11) Tourist: When is Loy Krathong Festival? Tourist Officer: On the full moon night of the twelfth ___________ month. Normally it falls in November of the western calendar. Tourist: What do people do that night? Tourist Officer: They float their banana-leaf _______ on the river or canal. Tourist: What for? Tourist Officer: They believe that the activity is done to _______ and ask for forgiveness from the goddess of water, and to _______ away bad luck of the year. Tourist: Wow! How interesting!