Important Announcement
PubHTML5 Scheduled Server Maintenance on (GMT) Sunday, June 26th, 2:00 am - 8:00 am.
PubHTML5 site will be inoperative during the times indicated!

Home Explore ວັນນະຄະດີ

ວັນນະຄະດີ

Published by thongla4567, 2021-08-10 02:11:45

Description: ວັນນະຄະດີ

Search

Read the Text Version

;aoco[[tI7Potfu -Ao,afmtpq,lbdlkxumu#

c[[IPo ;aoot7tfu -Ao,afmtpq,lbdlk xumu # IP[IP'3fpG [5o]hv, lu[5ogInv’F lD;Dl IlD lq,wr ;yw]ladF ,D- d;fcdh3fpG fiD vvj ocdh; o;oot;q’F lD;Dl IlD 7elvo mv’,uw-F ,D- cs;ograf lul5]kfF dq,,afmtpq,lbdlk ສ.ວ.ສ ry,g0Qk|hk3fpG s5,rao 0aomt;uF lD;Dl lu;yw] cdh;,tou;aoF lD;Dl 3fpdkoI;j ,,nd;fzkj o9kdG IlD fiD [5op= rq,,t[5fF ,D- r6;vo ;y9yf;q’lkF ,Dx 9aomt[6]u [5fltfu s^;’;yw]F ,Dl w-g-f4k dt-;’lbdlkmydko c]t dy]k lt4k[ao7Qo7;hk;ymtpklkfdkolbdlk @W!@

7eoe xB,c[[IPo;aoot7tfu-Ao,afmtpq,lbdlkxumu # oUwfhIa[dkoIP[IP’0Bo8k,s^adl6f.\\j g-y’j dt-;’lbdlkmydkowfhIa[Iv’ c]t vto5pkfoe.-hD dko7oQ 7;kh c]t IP[IP’x,B c[[IPo;oa ot7tf-u oA ,fa mtp,q ldb lkgs,A^ oFU 7totIP[IP’ wfvh ’u .lgj vdtlkom’a rkp.o c]t 8kj ’xtgmf 3fpwfIh [a dkoI;j ,,9n kdoda ;-y kdkos^kprkd l;j og-oja G 9kd,tsk;my tpkw]cs’j -kfF rtcodldb lkmdy koot7vos;^ ’;P’9oa c]t d,q dv’ 8kj ’M mluj a’dafdt-;’lbdlkmydkoD dvj o|kh oFU x,B c[[IPorklk]k; c]t ;oa ot7tf1u -j6 oA ,fa mtp,q ldb lk8vo8oQ wf9h fa r,y w;h .ogs^A,fP; dao-n;j kj c[[IPorklk]k; c]t ;aoot7tfuF c8dj korafmtokxa[x5’.\\.j ogmnvj oU wfhcpdc[[IPo c]t 76j,n76 ma’ @ ;y-kgxaogs^A,.z,ao grnvj 7;k,ltf;d.odkooe.-hD 37’lhk’c[[IPo;aoot7tfu-Ao,afmtpq,lbdlkxumu # oU xtdv[fh;p @ rkd7nG rkdmu I ;oa ot7tf]u k;.oltw\\vkok9da ]k;]kh o-kh ’ c]t rkdmu II c,oj IPo;oa ot7tf8u kj ’xtgmfD s^’a 9kdmwuj fIh Po8k,s^da lf6 c]t goNv.om[uj oa 9.5 oc[[IPo;oa ot7tfu-oA ,fa mtp,q ldb lk xumu # oU c]h;oadIPo9twfhIa[7;k,I6hdPj ;da[;aoot7tfu]k;.oltw\\vkok9ad]k;]hko-hk’ rhv,ma’;aoot7tfu8kj ’xtgmfmsuj ^kds^kpD ;aoot7tfu]k;.oltw\\vkok9ad]hko-hk’oUoadIPo9twfhIPodjP;da[;aoot7tfu]k; .oltw\\vkok9ad]k;]hko-hk’3fpla’g0[F .ooAo9twfhIPog]njv’rtg;flaofvoF dk[x6j lvos^koF g]vnj ’ok’8aow8F g]vnj ’la’lyow- c]t lko]b[rtl6of’aj oUgxao8QoD lj;o;aoot7tfu8jk’xtgmfoadIPo9twfhIPodjP;da[;aoot7tfurNog,nv’0v’xtgmf voy gfpF xtgmfpxju oj5 F ;oa ot7tf0u v’xtgmfifa g-p3fpl’a g0[ c]t [oa fkoda 0Pom,ju -u ljn P’0v’ ifa g-pD 7totIP[IP’xB,c[[IPo;aoot7tfu 0v’lt4k[ao7Qo7;hk;ymtpklkfdkolbdlk s;a’1kj ’py’j ;kj goNv.omuxj a[x5’ c]t IP[IP’w;h.oc[[IPo;aoot7tfugs^A,oU 7q’9t.sh7;k, dt9kj ’c9h’cdzj 6hIPo gxaol;j os^kpF c84j hkskd;kj pa’,u[vj o.f[+4nd8hv’-afg9o1kdxtdv[ l;j o.odkocdhw0 0=.shmkj oz6h-q,.-hdt]5oklq’j 0=h7yfgsao c]t 7e8y-q,wxpa’lt4k[ao7Qo7;hk ;ymtpklkfdkolbdlkF 4t|qo,t3slqfF ot7vos^;’;P’9aoF 86h xDo *(F 3m]tla[}c2ad W@! @!#!*!D lt4k[oa 7oQ 7;kh ;ymtpklkfdkoldb lk

lk]t[ko |hk rkdmu I. ;aoot7tfultw\\vkok9ad]k;]hko-hk’ ! ) [qfmu ! ;aoot7tfultw\\vkok9ad]k;]hko-hk’3fpla’g0[ #$ [qfmu @ g]nvj ’rtg;flaofvo &* [qfmu # dk[x6lj vos^ko (! [qfmu $ g]nvj ’ok’8aow8 _* [qfmu & la’lyow- [qfmu * lko]b[rtl6o rkdmu II. ;aoot7tfu8jk’xtgmf [qfmu ( ;aoot7tfurNog,nv’vyogfp !!$ ສ.ວ.ສ [qfmu ) ;aoot7tfupuxj 5oj !#W [qfmu _ ;aoot7tfuiafg-p3fpla’g0[ c]t [aofkoad0Pomu,j u-nlj P’0v’iafg-p !$(

d

rkdmu I ;aoot7tfultw\\vkok9ad]k;]hko-hk’ [qfmu ! ;aoot7tfultw\\vkok9ad]k;]hko-hk’3fpla’g0[ !D [k’gsfdkoxts;aflkf vkok9ad]k;]hko-hk’wfhdegouf0Bo 16[j qofyocfovaomujgvUo;kj cs^,l5;aootr6, g-y’j gxao fyocfomu,j ug-Nv-kf]k;8ah’4yoj 4kor6,]egoqk16cj s’j oU,kdvj oc]h; [+8ej d;kj @&WW xuD 18j6 k,foy cfo]k;ltw\\vkok9da ]k;]kh o-kh ’ d7= fn oy cfoxtgmf]k;.oltw\\xfa 9[5 oa oFU oda 7ohq 7;kh wf7h ohq r[q 0=,h o6 mk’;fa 4[5 I6 kos^kp1kj ’g-oja G 7oQ r[q c0;h F xPj ’dt3s^ds;q F g7vnj ’,nsuo c]t ly’j vnoj M1[6j k’mhv’4oyj .og0fc0;’sq;rao c]t c0;’-P’0;k’gxao8QoD dko7Qorq[;af45 [I6 ko[k’8;q 1kj ’mdju kj ;,k0kh ’gm’y o]U ;h oc8gj xoa sda^ 4komrju ly f6 .sgh soa ;kj 7oq ]k;gIkq wffh e]’q -u;yf1.6j ofyocfocs’j oU,kc8lj tw\\[I6 kootdkoD ສ.ວ.ສ !D! [k’gsfdkoxts;aflkf.oltw\\g9Qk2hk’j5, 3fpzjkow]ptxts;aflkfvaopk; g9Qk2hk’5j, okoF zjko0t[;odkovvdcI’’ko8+l6h grnjvmhvo3I,[aofksq;g,nv’]k;[6Iko 8kj ’M.shg0Qkgxaovao|b’j vaofP;daoD ltoAoF ,kIvfdk’lt8t;afmu XIV xt-k-qo]k; wflh k,da 7du oa 8+l6h grvjn 9f5 xtl’q mvh o3I,gvkq s;q g,vn ’]k;mgju 7pu xdq 7v’doa 116j kj ’dtc9d dt9kpoAo,kgxaovkok9adfP;mugj 0ah,c0’ c]t lk,kf8hkomkoda[vkok9adrkp ovd3fprkp.8hdkooerk0v’g9Qk2hk’5,j ,tsk]kfD g,nvj g9Qk2hk’5,j wfh0bho7v’]kf .o 7Dl!#&# c]h;F rtvq’pa’ln[8+8+l6h 1

mhvo3I,g,nv’8jk’M1j68k,]hv’c,joE0v’9qolk,kfg8Qk3I,g,nv’8jk’Mgs^qjkoAog0Qk,k gxoa vkok9da ];,lo6 m,ju 7u ;k,gxoa gvdt]kfF gvdtrk[ c]t 0oB d[a dtlfa v’q fP;leg]fa l,q [o6 g,nvj 7Dl !#&(D zqoleg]af.odko8+l6hoUF g9Qk2hk’5,j wfhoerkxt-k-qo]k;9af8A’lts^v’w-1kj ’ 7bd7No c]t .spj38,t3s]ko0Bo16jmuj;P’9aoD .og;]koAoot7vos^;’0v’vkok9ad]k; ]hko-hk’,u-n;j kj -P’mv’F c87j qogIqkmq;j wx,adgvUo;kj G -P’fq’-P’mv’ Xg,nv’s^;’rt[k’ .oxfa 9[5 oa ?D vkok9da ]k;]kh o-kh ’F .oltw\\ooA ,fu oy cfovoa d;kh ’.spwj rlkoF < zon czoj foy vkok9da ]k;]kh o-kh ’.o7k;ooA mfy 8kg;oa vvd8fy d[a xtgmfs;Pfok,8k,loa ro6 Ec[’j F mfy vk7tgo8fy da[fyocfo9k,xk c]t dex6g9p 8A’c8sj j^uzu0Bo,kF mk’myfmad0yo c]t s=]tfu8+cfod5’luvk p5fmtpk oa[c8lj kpr6fq’rtpkw2wxg4y’g,nv’ot7vowmF mk’myfxafly,8+cfoxtgmfrt,hk c]t ]kh ook o[a c8gj ,vn ’zkf’q ]’q ,kF mk’mfy vf5 vo8x+ tgmf9ou o[a c8gj ,vn ’[o5 .8h c]t g,vn ’ [o5 g|vn ]’q ,k<D ,kIvf 7Dl !#&_ g9kQ 2kh ’,5j wfch 8’j ]k-tmf6 rvh ,f;h pg7vjn ’[oa okdko 4;kp]’q wxmo6 c]t 0g= vkq lklt|krf5 oertg9kQ czoj foy 0tg\\o Xdexg6 9p.oxfa 9[5 oa ? grvjn oe,kgzpu cz1j fj6 oy cfo vkok9da ]k;]kh o-kh ’F gIfa .sxh t-k-oq ]k;]kh o-kh ’md5 7oq wf-h ojn -,q F g7kq ][q o[a 4n c]t o[q ovh , xt8y[fa voa 9tgxoa zoq fu cddj ko[]6 totlkh ’lk c]t x[a x’5 xtgmf-kf.s,h u7;k,gxoa gvdtrk[ mk’fhkodkog7qk]q[g-njv4n.orkp|hkD g,njvrtg9Qk2hk’5j,wfhoegvqklklt|kr5f,kgzupczj 1v6j kok9da ]k;]kh o-kh ’c];h F rtv’q dw= flh [n 8r+ fa mtokxtgmf8’A c8gj |vn Ivf.8Fh gIfa .srh oN 4ko glf4tdyfo[a ,No[a fu0BoF ;fa mtotmel’a 7,q wflh n[8+d+lkh ’x;q cx’9tg]uodkh ;|kh l;j odkog,nv’ dkoxdq 7v’d=wfIh [a dkox[a x’5 c]t wflh n[8+doa wx3fp,us^kpMg9kQ 0Boxdq 7v’D !D@ [k’gsfdkoxts;aflkf.oltw\\g9Qk3rmylk]kf s’a^ 9kdmvju kok9da ]k;]kh ’-kh ’,lu klt|krf5 gxoa mgju 7kq ][q [-6 k c]t I96h da doa 1kj ’d;kh ’ 0;k’wxm;jq vkok9da c];h F dkoxdq 7v’.o]t[v[lda foy kltw\\ooA gsoa ;kj ,7u ;k,9egxoa sk^ p m9ju t8vh ’lkh ’7;k,gxoa gvdtrk[cs’j -kfmk’fkh oco;7fy 9fy .9D ltooA F .oltw\\mgju 9kQ 3rmly k ]kf0oB xdq 7v’9’jb wf4h gn vkq lklt|krf5 gxoa roN 4ko.odkov[q I[q d+lkh ’co;7fy 9fy .9 3fprkp .8h7e0;aom;uj kj G <-kfF lklt|kF rt,tskdtlaf<D xu 7Dl !&@( g9Qk3rmylk]kf 9’bj wfh,urt]k -tvkfpkxtdkf.shxt-k-qo]k;]hko-hk’15f8ydkooa[4nzu c]t .shIN4vos=3I’ s^n s=ws;hzu .om;qj ]k-tvkok9ad c]h;lhk’;af;kvkIk,0BocmoD 2

!D# [k’gsfdkoxts;aflkf.oltw\\g9Qkw-ptg-f4kmy]kf vkok9ad]k;]hko-hk’wfhln[8+0t spkp8;q 0oB ,kgxoa dkh ;M8k,]ef[a 1kj ’ [+15f1A’ c]t oa[,Noa[0tspkp8q;3fp zkj o,ksk^ pg9khq D g,vjn ,kIvfltw\\g9kQ w- ptg-f4kmy]kfF rtvq’d=wfhln[8+oerk xtgmf-kf.sdh kh ;|kh 0oB vdu D rtv’q 8’A |kh oerkxt-k-qo]k;fegouodko8+lh6grnjv xdq xda Ida lkxtgmf-kf0v’8oq F 88u kh od[a dkoI5dIkoIk;u0v’r;dladfyokvhv, 0hk’ 3fpltgrktc,joladfyokrt,hk9qo g9Qkw-ptg-f4kmy]kf{rtmkfs^;’ wfhIa[w--totm5d7ah’D ,kIvf 7Dl !&*WF g9Qkw-ptg-f4kmy]kfwfhoerkxt-k-qo]k;phkpot7vos^;’9kd-P’mv’ Xs^;’rt[k’? ,k8A’1j6;P’9ao 9qog4y’xaf95[aoD fh;pgsfzqomuj;jkot7vo-P’mv’gxao[jvo7a[c7[[+,u[jvo ສ.ວ.ສ 0tspkpg,nv’rhv,fh;pg’njvow0dkog,nv’vnjoMg-yj’vkf9tgxaov5xtlad8+dko7q’8q; c]t dkorafmtokot7vos^;’ c]t xtgmf-kf.ovtok7qf[+s^kpd=|hvpD g,njvrtvq’8A’gvqk g,nv’;P’9aogxaoot7vos^;’c]h;F rtvq’wfhoerkxt-k-qoln[8+d+lhk’;af;kvkIk,F rtmkf g9fu c]t s=3I’0Bo1s6j ^kpcs’j m;qj vkok9ad]hko-hk’D !D$ [k’gsfdkoxts;aflkf.oltw\\g9Qkl5]ypt;q’lk .olt8t;afmu XVII 3fprkp.8h]k-tdko0v’g9Qkl5]ypt;q’lkF rtvq’wfhln[8+oerkxt -k-qov5xt4e[e]5’lklt|kr5f c]t rafmtokxtgmf-kf1kj ’Iv[fhkoD rtvq’gxaodtlaf mxju dq 7v’f;h pveokfxt-kmxy tw8];,lo6 F ,7u ;k,p85 my eF xtgmf-kfg0,A c0’ c]t [,+ 7u ;k, 0fa cp’j rkp.olda foy kD ltooA F dkoxdq 7v’0v’rtv’q 9’jb ,7u ;k,\\oA 7’q F xtgmf-kf0tspkp 8q;fh;p7;k,9tg]uoIj5’gInv’1jk’[+g7up,u,kdjvo.oxts;aflkfD vkok9ad]k;]hko-hk’ .oltw\\ooA F dkpgxoa lo6 dk’mk’fkh o;fa mtotme c]t lklt|krf5 .o0’q g0fS 8oQ 8c= ,oj mk’ fhkolklt|kr5fF gIaf.shvkok9advhv,0hk’g0Qk,kI+kIPolbdlk7erurtw8xufqd.o7elvo 0v’rtrf5 mtg9kQ D 9kdgsfdkoxts;fa lkfmluj e7oa f’ja dkj ;,kooA F ,oa 9’jb gxoa zoq fu.sch ddj ko degouf c]t 0tspkp8q;mk’fhko;afmtotme { ;aoot7tfu.oltw\\vkok9ad]k;]hko-hk’D 3

!D& [k’gsfdkoxts;aflkf.oltw\\g9Qkvto5;q’ g,vnj g9kQ l]5 ypt;’q lklts;oa ot7fq c];h F xu 7Dl !*_W vkok9da ]k;]kh o-kh ’g],uj ,u7;k, la[lqo;5ho;kp c]t .ow]ptoUgv’mujvkok9ad]k;]hko-hk’gduf7;k,c8dcpdD ltrk[ dkomk’xts;aflkff’ja dkj ;oU wfhgIaf.shladfyokrkpovd 3fpltgrkt c,oj ladfyokltspk, wfhg0Qk,kI5dIko[Pfpbffyocfo]k; c]t .omulj 5fvkok9ad]k;]hko-hk’d=dkpgxaosq;g,nv’ l;j pcdlj da fyokltspk,1kj ’Iv[fkh oD g,vjn g9khq vtow5 fgh xoa dtlfa 0oB xdq 7v’;P’9oa .oxu 7Dl !)W$ rtv’q wfoh erkxt-k-oq dl+ kh ’ xtgmf7on .\\Fj 2oN 26 c]t x;q cx’[kfczl’q 7k, 9oq 8tsv^ fw]pt]k-tdko0v’rtv’q F f’ja ooA g,vjn gsoa ;kj ltrk[dko[kh og,vn ’,7u ;k,g\\ktl,q F rtv’q 9’jb g8kQ 3I,de]’a xt-k-oq ]d5 0oB 8l+ d6h 6h -kfpkfgvqkgvdt]kf7no,k9kdde,n0v’ladfyokltspk,S c8pj hvo;kj gs^ads^kpd;kj 4kj oF dko8l+ 96h ’jb [x+ tl[q zoq leg]fa D g4’y 1kj ’.fd8= k,F ,oa wflh tcf’.sgh soa g4’y oeh .9Ida -kf0v’rtv’q c]t xt-k-oq ]k;1kj ’g]dy g-’jy f’ja wflh tcf’vvd.o[fq ;oa ot7tflu ko][b rtlo6 .o8e]klt[[a oDU ];,7;k,c];h [oa fkgsfdkomk’xts;fa lkfmgju dfu 0ohb .oltw\\vkok9da ]k;]kh o-kh ’ c8jdk’lt8t;afmu XIV sklt8t;afmu XIXF lk,kflts^5[wfh95fgfajo0v’gsfdko.o]af -tdko8kj ’M 7nG { g9Qk2hk’5j, 4n;kj gxaodtlaf]k;vq’mevyf mulj k,kfoerkxt-k-qo]k;8+lh6mhvo3I, gvqkznoczjofyo]k;.shgxaovkok9ad]hko-hk’gvdt]kf c]t gvdtrk[F rhv,oAopa’4n;jk gxoa dtlfa muoj egvkq lklt|krf5 g0kQ ,kgzupcz1j v6j kok9da ]k;]kh o-kh ’1kj ’,uzoq gxoa I[6 xtme l[n mvf,k9oq g4’y xfa 9[5 oa D { g9kQ 3rmly k]kf4;n kj gxoa dtlfa mxju tdkf.sxh t-k-oq ]k;1f5 8dy koo[a 4zn mu ;jq vkok9da c]t .shIN4vos=zuF c]h;lhk’;af;kvkIk,0Bocmo g-y’j gxaorNo4komk’fhkoco;7yf{;afmt otmevoa gxoa rNo4ko.sch dlj tw\\8+M,kD { g9Qkw-ptg-f4kmy]kf4n;jkgxaodtlafmujrafmtokg,nv’;P’9ao.shgxaoot7vos^;’ 9qoln[mvf,kIvfxaf95[aowfh $WW d;jkxu,kc]h;F gxaodtlafmujoerkd+lhk’s=3I’F zklkfF ]k-t;’a F ;fa ;kvkIk,F rtmkfg9fu c]t gxoa dtlfa m,uj u7;k,gd’ja dkh lk,kf.odko8+l86h u8kh o da[ladfyokvhv,0hk’m,uj kI5dIkowfh c]t Iadlkxtgmfw;h.sh\\Ao7q’D { g9Qkl5]ypt;q’lk 4n;jkgxaodtlafmuj7v’[ao]a’mujg0A,c0’F ,u7;k,p58ymeF lk,kf oerkxt-k-qodhk;l6j7;k,9tg]uoIj5’gInv’F gxaodtlafmu8j ah’|hk[e]5’F lq’j glu,lklt|kr5f mu8j yfraoda[;afmtotme c]t ;aoot7tfuD ltoAo [qf;aoot7tful;j os^;’s^kp 9b’j wfhdegouf0Bo ,k.ow]pt0v’rtvq’xqd7v’ c]t ]h;oc8,j ugoNv.oco;7yfdPj ;da[lklt|kr5fD 4

ສ.ວ.ສ{ g9Qkvto5;q’4n;jkgxaodtlafvq’l5fmhkp.o]t[v[ladfyokmuj,uoE.9Iad-kf c]t 7Pfc7holaf861kj ’cI’dhkF gfaffPj ;pv,glplts^t-u;yf grvnj xtgmf-kf c8[j +pv,9eoqoD @D dko0tspkp8q;mk’fhko;afmtotme 7P’76jda[dkolhk’lk[6]totxtgmf-kfF .ofhko;afmtotmela’7q,d=wfhdkpgxaorkd l;j o|b’j mujle7ao g-yj’oa[,Noa[wfhIa[dkod+lhk’F xa[x5’ c]t rafmtoklqj’glu,8yfraoda[-u;yf la’7q,1jk’Iv[fhkoD .oltw\\oAoxt-k-qo]k;[aofkgzqjkwfhlk,ad7urhv,rP’IP’|hk doa [oa ]z5 oq ’ko mfju gu foja sk^ pxtdko3fpltgrkt1kj ’p’jy c,oj w]ptlt8t;fa mu XVI sklt8t;fa mu XVII c]t |’jb .o9eo;ozoq ’kovoa 0oB -]jn on k,d;kj l’jy .fooA c,oj dkodl+ kh ’x[a x’5 g,vn ’;P’9oa .shdkpgxaoot7vos^;’ xu 7Dl!&*W 3fprkp.8hdkooerk0v’g9Qkw-ptg-f4kmy]kfD rtvq’vvdcI’lhk’lkot7vos^;’;P’9ao .shgxaoot7vos^;’mu9j tg]uoI5j’gInv’gs^nv’gs^nhv,F lhk’s=zklkf]k-t;a’1kj ’9q[’k,F lhk’;af;kvkIk,0Bos^kpcs’j .omq;j xtgmfg-aoj G lhk’s= rtcdh; grnvj gxao[vj oxtma[vq’rtcdh;,=]tdqfF lhk’;afvq’8N,tsk;yskogxaox6-touptlt4ko grvnj dkog7kq ][q o[q ws;Fh gxoa [vj ome[o5 lyodyomko0v’7oq ]k;-k;rf5 8ts^vf g4y’dkod+lkh ’ lvh ,cx’ c]t x[a x’5 [oa fkx-6 touptlt4ko;fa 4[5 I6 ko8kj ’Mrvh ,f;h prtmkf g9fSu .oooA F l’jy mju rQogfaoj c]t ryglfd;kj ly’j vnoj Mc,oj dkolhk’rtmkfs^;’;P’9ao.oxu 7Dl !&** mugj xao,y’j [hko0;aog,nv’ c]t gxaolaopt]ad0v’xtgmf]k;]hko-hk’fh;p7;k,gvdvhk’mtoq’.90v’ -k;]k;md5 m;jq |kh D ovd9kdlhk’;af;kvkIk,F s=zklkf]k-t;a’c]h; pa’,udko7;af];f]kp]t[kpluF dkoc8h,I6[rk[F dkoxtfa[xtfkgvh1hv’8k,;af;kvkIk, c]t zklkf]k-t;a’F dko8ej czoj crF dkogIfa sd6 mw= \\m.ju -gh xoa g7vjn ’o’5j 0v’4gn lvN zkh vkrvo.o-;u fy xt9e;oa c]t grvjn dko -0N kpc]dxPj o1r6j kp.o c]t rkpovdD dkoxoA s^+g7vjn ’.-fh ;h pfoy c]t f;h p3]stvojn MF rgy lf .ooAoc,oj dkos^+rtg9Qkvq’8N Xrtg9Qkvq’8N c,oj rtg9Qkmusj ^+fh;pmv’ c]t gxaovq’mu,j u0t|kf .spmj ulj 5f.oxtgmf]k;F xaf95[aooU xtfyflt4ko16;j afvq’8N,tsk;yskomuoj t7vos^;’;P’9ao?F ,du kolkh ’co;7fy 9fy .9 grvjn 7;k,gxoa gvdtrk[.ofkh o7;k,g-vjn 43n fpxt-k-oq l;j os;^ ’sk^ p c,oj pbf4nlklt|kr5f c]t lklt|kr5f d=wfhdkpgxaolklt|kxt9e-kfD ltoAoF lklt|k rf5 wfgh xoa sda^ ;my .u o;fa mtotmeIfu 7v’xtgromu fju ’u k, grktlklt|krf5 gxoa l’jy mgju /dy /oq ss+^ v^ , co;7yf9yf.9F 75olq,[af c]t s^adxtrbfxt8y[af8qogv’wx8k,]t[v[ladfyokvao,ur5fmtlk lt|k c]t ,tskdtlafgxaol’yj mu7j 5h,7v’mk’fhko9yf.91kj ’wfhzqofuD 5

fhko;afmtotmeovd9kdmujdjk;,k0hk’gmy’oUc]h;F 7qo]k;gIqkpa’,urklk]k;gxao rklkxt9e-kf0v’8qo,kc8jfqookorhv,da[7qo.o-kfF ,u8q;|a’lnmujgxaogvdt]ad0v’8qo grvnj gxaog7vnj ’,n[aombd c]t 9qfdkj p4kj pmvfl’yj vonj MD ovd9kdoFU 7oq ]k;gIkq p’a wfxh tffy 7fy 7oQ g7vjn ’foq 8ru oN g,vn ’sk^ p-tofy m.ju -fh fu F lFu 8u c]t gxqjkg-ajoG dt9a[xujF -=F ]tokfF 7hv’F dv’F clj’F xujF c7oDDD9qo,u7eg]qjk0kodao;jk7qo]k; 8vh ’ovogIvn oIkh ogxkjq c7oD ovdoAopa’,ugvdt]admk’fhkoly]txt;afmtotmevnoj Mg-aoj G dko2hvo c]t dko0a[]e mvh ’4oyj 8kj ’Md=wf,h udkoxtfyfc8’j vvdllj6 ’a 7,q 1kj ’d;kh ’0;k’D #D dko0tspkp8q;mk’fhko;aoot7tfu rklk c]t 8q;|a’ln]k; c,oj rkdl;j o|b’j 0v’;afmtotme]k;D g,nvj 7qo]k;,urklk xkdg;Qkgrnjv.-h7q[7hklt,k7q, c]t ,u8q;|a’ln]k; le]a[[aombd9qfdjkp4jkpmvfvaogxao ]adltotxt9e-kf0v’8qogv’,kgxaog;]kfqookoD ltoaAoF gxaomucj ooj voc]h;;kj ;aoot7tfu 0Powfhdegoufgduf0Bo c]t 0tspkp8q;,k7P’76dj a[dkodegouf c]t 0tspkp8q;rhv,da[ 8q;|a’ln]k;D [qf;aoot7tfu0Pomujwfhdegouf c]t 0tspkp8q;.oltw\\vkok9ad]k;]hko -kh ’l;j osk^ pc,oj 0Po.l.j []kog-’jy 9fa ,Ph ow;gh xoa zd6 gxoa ,fa D ltooA F grojy 9’jb gvoU ;kj G <|’a lzn d6 < s^n <|a’ln.[]ko<D |a’lnz6d.[]komu[j aombdg]nvj ’8kj ’M.shgIqkgsaom5d;aooUc,oj |a’lnz6dmudj kj p 7on sk^ p7’A sk^ psoq c];h D vudxtdko|’jb g,vnj lklt|krf5 wfgh 0kQ ,kgzupcz1j ]6j kh o-kh ’ g-’yj o[a c8lj tw\\g9kQ 2kh ’,j5 gxao8Qo,kc]h;d=,u76[kvk9koF ,u|a’ln7erurtw8xufqd c]t ,urtlq’lk,tgooD 9kdoAoF lklt|krf5 c,oj ,[u fq [kfvfy mry oq 0tspkp8;q l’6 0oB .oxtgmfg-’jy wfgh Ifa .s-h k;]k;,ou da xkf vk9kogduf0Bo1jk’s^;’s^kpD |a’ln7erurtw8xyfqd0v’lklt|kg-yj’wfh9qfdjkp4jkpmvf 9kdrklkxk]u { loa ltdfy ,kgxoa rklk]k;D pvh oco;ooA 9’jy gIfa .s[h fq ;oa ot7tf0u Po0v’]k; wfhdegouf0Bo c]t wfh0tspkp8q;gxaodhk;M,kD [qf;aoot7tfu0Po0v’]k;[qfmevyfF oad7Qo7;hkwfh4ngvqk[qfxtmko3v;kf0v’g9Qk2hk’,5j m0uj Po0Bo.oxu 7Dl!#&( .o3vdkfmruj tvq’ medkolts^v’w-1;j6 P’9oa D [fq xtmko3v;kf0v’g9kQ 2kh ’,j5 gxoa [fq ;oa ot7tfuloA F ,u]da ltot xts;aflkfD s^a’9kdoAoF ;aoot7tfu0Pod=wfhln[8+0tspkp8q;mk’fhkoxt]y,ko c]t 75ootrk[mujv5fq,lq,[6omk’fhkogoNv.o c]t ly]txt;aoot7tfus^kpxtgrfmujgduf0Bog-ajoG dt;uoypkpg]nvj ’mhk;I5’j mhk;g9nv’F la’lyow-F ok’c8’vvj oF mhk;9aomt7kfF mhk;dk]tgdfF 9exkl8ju oQq c]t g]vjn ’vojn M vdu S ;oa ot7tflu oa ]tglou lklt|krf5 mgju foja d;kj \\c6j ,oj g]vjn ’rtg;f 6

laofvoS ;aoot7tfu7elvo,uoymkook’8aow8F dk[x6lj vos^ko{s^kolvox6Fj vyomypkolvo]6d c]t g]vnj ’vonj MvudD lts^5[];,c]h; ;aoot7tfu16j.ow]ptoUwfh0tspkp8q;cI’gxao8Qoc,jodt;uoypkpD [qfdt;ugs^qjkoU]h;oc8j,ugoNv.ov5fq,lq,[6oF ly]txtdkoc8j’fugfajoF gxaomujoypq,-q,-v[ c]t pon p’q 7’q 8;q 9oq g4’y xfa 9[5 oa D Xgvdtlkovhk’vu’8Qo8=G xB, <;aoot7tfu]k;< 0v’dt-;’lbdlk ry,7A’mu !F !_)(? vtmy[kpla[ ສ.ວ.ສ|a’ln7elvomk’r5fmtlklt|k # \\;f7nG rtl6fF rt;ywo c]t rtvtrymeD 7erurtw8xufqd G czoj fyo7eF fyocfocs^,mv’g-y’j ];,ma’]k;F wmF ,Po,kF dex6g9pF s;Pfok,F ,kg]g-p c]t ly’dt3xD l5;aootr6, G g7vjn ’\\kpD myf.8Dh loa pt]da G mfy 8kg;oa 8dq D mda 0oy G 0v’8hvoF l’yj 0v’m.uj shw,8u9yf3fpg9qhkrtpkD xafly, G [vj oxtma[ X[vj o16j s^n [vj ooa’j ?0v’rt]k-kD [oa okdko G lt4komuj mguj xao[vj oladdk]t[6-kD [oa ]’a G 7el’aj 0v’rt]k-k.shxt8y[afD x6-touptlt4ko G zh68k’|hk0v’rtpk s^n rt]k-kD rt]k-tvkfpk G mfy 8kg;oa 8dq lP’.8Dh ]k-tm6f G mfy 8kg;oa vvdlP’.8Dh s=]tfu G mfy g|vn D vk7tgo G vf5 vo G 7e4k, c]t [qfg/ydsaf !D vkok9da ]k;]kh o-kh ’degofu ,kg,vjn .fL c]t rkp.8dh kooerk0v’dtlfa ]k;v’q .fL @D fhko;afmtotmewfhdegouf c]t 0tspkp8q;7nco;.fL #D fhko;aoot7tfuwfhdegouf c]t 0tspkp8q;7nco;.fL $D [qfg]nvj ’8kj ’Mmufj ugfaoj c8’j 0Bo.oc8]j tw]ptoAo,ug]njv’.fcfLj &D 9q’j lts^5[7no3fpsp=h [k’gsfdkoxts;aflkfltw\\vkok9ad]k;]hko-hk’D *D 9’qj la’];,zqo’komufj ugfoaj 0v’c8]j t]k-tdko.oltw\\vkok9ad]k;]hko-hk’D 7

[qfmu @ g]njv’ rtg;flaofvo !D ltg|ug]njv’ g]nvj ’rtg;flaofvo s^n gvUovud1kj ’|b’j ;kj rtg;flao8t]t-kfqdoU gxaog]nvj ’|bj’mu,j u [qf[kfvyfmyrqol6’lq,7;o c]t gxaog]njv’|bj’mujwfhIa[7;k,oypq,-q,-v[1jk’d;hk’0;k’ crjs^kp.o\\6j-k;r5fmtlkltoydt-qo X-k;r5f? ma’s^kpD |a’lng]njv’rtg;flaofvooUF lt[[a f’A gf,u cmFh zch6 8’j c8’j gxoa rklkxk]u X7edvoxk]?u D g,vjn oda xkfvk9ko]k;cx7edvo xk]ug]nvj ’oUvvd,kgxaorklk]k;F gryoj d=wfhfafcx’.shgxao7edvog\\nvodao7n IadlkI6[c[[ 7edvo.shgxaodvovkj oF dvoIkj p s^n dvole]a[gmfoAogv’D .og]vnj ’rtg;f laofvooUF z6hc8’j s^n z6hcx[+wfh[vdladdt]kfF -nFj ;aoF gfnvo c]t xuw;hc81j kj ’.fg]up g-y’j ,aod= 7nda[g]nvj ’vnoj M mcju 8’j 0oB 1.j6 oltw\\vkok9da ]k;]kh o-kh ’gdvn [m’a \\fq md5 g]vjn ’[w+ f[h vdzch6 8’j c]t lda dt]kf w;h7nda[g]nvj ’;aoot7tfultw\\.\\Dj g]nvj ’rtg;flaofvo,uma’\\qf !# dao s^n !# [Ao c]t [k’7qo d=gvUo;kj !# 8voD g]nvj ’rtg;flaofvowfhdkj ;g4y’-kf|b’j dvj o-kfrt3rmylaf Xrtr5fmtg9Qk? 7n-kf|b’j murj tvq’ltgs;up Xxqd7v’ s^n 0Bogxao? -kfgxaortg;flaofvoD .o-kfgxaortg;foAoF rtvq’ wf8h ’A .9[egroa rPo[k]t,lu kh ’7o5 ’k,7;k,fwu ;gh xoa mluj ’6 lf5 D [k]t,u s^n 7o5 ’k,7;k,f0u v’ rtvq’oAo-k;r5fmtlkltoydt-qo]k;ma’s^kpwfh.shdkog7qk]q[g-njv4n c]t laddt]t[6-k gxao1kj ’pyj’16j.oltw\\vkok9ad]k;]hko-hk’d=7np5dltw\\8+,k.oxaf95[aoS ma’oUd=grnvj .shgduf xt3spf c]t 7;k,l5d0v’-u;yffh;pxtdkoma’x;’D dkoltgs;up-kf0v’rt3rmylaf.odk]t7A’oAoF gonjv’9kd;jkgxao-kf|bj’mujpyj’.spj d;kj -kf.f\\qf c]t ma’gxao-kf|’jb m,uj u7;k,le7ao1kj ’p’yj .o!W -kf 9’bj IPd;kj ,tsk-kfD !W -kfmugj duf,koAowfhcdGj !D -kfgdufgxaomhk; g8g, @D -kfgdufgxaomhk; -toqd #D -kfgdufgxaomhk; l5;aootlk, $D -kfgdufgxaomhk; go,y]kf &D -kfgdufgxaomhk; ,t3slqf 8

ສ.ວ.ສ *D -kfgdufgxaomhk; r6]ymaf (D -kfgdufgxaomhk; 9aomtd5,,ko )D -kfgdufgxaomhk; ok]tmt _D -kfgdufgxaomhk; ;ym6o[aofyf !WD -kfgdufgxaomhk; g;flao8t]t dkogmfg]njv’,tsk-kf .ortg;flao8t]t-kfqdoUF 7qo]k;ma’s^kp rkdaogvUo;jk gmf,tsk-kfD ltoAoF dkome[5o2a’me,tgmflt|kdPj ;da[8vo s^n [Ao.f[Ao|b’j s^n 2a’gmf lt|kg]njv’rtg;flaofvoma’\\qfm5d[Ao9bj’gxaorymuvaopyj’.spjd;jkdkome[5o2a’gmflt|k .orymume[5ovnoj M.oIuf !@ 7v’!$ 0v’]k;9qoln[gonvj ’,kg4y’m5d;aooUD @D g]njv’rtg;flao8t]t-kfqd3fpsp=h s’a^ 9kdmrju trf5 mtg9kQ wf8h fa ltIgh6 xoa mIju P[Ivh pc];h XdkoIch6 9’h gsoa 9’y ?F rtv’q dl= tgffa wxpa’d5’dt[yo]trafD 16.j ooAo pa’,urtxtp6]tpkfl;j o|b’j g-y’j ,uvkp5l6’d;kj gduf,kot9yf [p+ v,4;kp[’a 7,q D ltooA rtrf5 mtv’q 9’jb -’q ltcf’vfy mxy t8sy kogrvjn .srh txtp]6 tpkfgskjq^ ooA sf5^ roQ vvd9kd,kot9fy F .o0totooA d[= ’a gdfu ,/u oq 8dq ]’q ,kF 7totl’q m’a sk^ p9’jb wfgh ;kQ 9k8d+ oa ;kj gxaog]nvj ’cxdxts^kfs^kpcmh c]t [+g7up,u,kdvj o.o7A’vtfuf8tdkoD g,nvj gxaog-aoj oAoF rtlq’ma’s^kp9bj’vk]kmtok.shg]qjkg]njv’g-yj’,u7;k,\\kp;jkG g,njvrtvq’ltgs;up -kfgxaort3rmylafg;flaofvoF rtg;flaofvo,urt]k-t[yfk-q’rtok,;jk rtg9Qklulqow- g9Qk7v’g,nv’xtg-w- c]t pa’,urt,kofk-q’rtok,;jkrtok’z5fltfu lul5raodao]tpkD rtok’z5fltfuoAo.o-kfdvj ogxaort,tgslu0v’rtvyoD dvj om9uj tda[9kdfk;tfy’,kgdufgxao ,to5fF rtok’z5fltfuwfh0=rvoly[xtdko9kdrtvyoD rtvyod=wfhxtmkorvo.shS |bj’.oly[ xtdkomurj tok’0=7nrvomu & 0=.shwfh3v]qfgxaola[x5]5fz6hxtgluf,u.9g,f8k-v[.odko.shmko [+,u9yf.97[a c7[gsoa cd8j ;q D 89+ kdooA ,k g,vjn rtok’zf5 ltfxu tlf6 rt3v]fq vvd,kF ok’-kh ’dg= dfu ]d6 gxoa -kh ’gzvn dF -hk’gznvd38oAod=wfhdkpgxao-hk’76[j hko76gj ,nv’ c]t ,u-n;j kj xafw9ptokg7o grkt;kj gxao-hk’ mujoegvqk7;k,v5fq,lq,[6or6ol5d,kl6jc7;hoxtg-w-D rtg;flaofvowfhvtrygldlq,]qf da[ok’,tmu X,afmu? ,urt3v]qf c]t rtmyfk 7n -k]u c]t daosk Xc8gj Iqk,adgvUo;kj daosk c]t -k]u? 9kdoAortg9Qklulqow-z6hgxaort[yfkd=wfh,v[rt]k-tlq,[af.shrtg;flaofvo7v[ 7v’g,nv’xtg-w-ln[8+wxrkp|kh D 9

g,vnj 7A’8+,k 1g6j ,nv’dt]y’7t]kfgdufwrcsh’c]h’ 9’jb ,urk,g4Qkz6h|’jb ,k0=-hk’gznvdwx gxaolq,[af0v’8qoF rtg;flaofvod=xtmko.shD dkoxtmko-hk’gznvd-nxj afw9ptokg7o.shcdj rk,oAo gxaolkgsf.sh-k;[hko-k;g,nv’gduf,u7;k,3dfc7hos.odkodtmefa’j dkj ; 0v’ rtg;fD ltoAoF -k;[hko-k;g,nv’9’bj rkdao,k3I,-5,o5,mu|j hkrt]kog,nv’ Xgfuoj ? grnvj 0=m6o .shrtg9Qklulqow-go]tgmfrtg;flaofvo|uvvd9kdg,nv’wxD g,nvj gxaog-aoj oAoF rtg9Qklulqow- d=pv,me8k,7e0=Ivh ’0v’-k;[kh oD dvj ortg;floa fvo9tvvd9kdg,nv’xtg-w-wxF rtg;f wfmh ko1kj ’.spsj ;^ ’D pvh oco;ooA 9’jb wf4h dn gvoU ;kj g;floa 8t]t-kfdq ,tskmkoD 9kdooA F rtg;f 9’jb vvdgfou mk’|9u kdg,vn ’wxrvh ,f;h pok’,tmzu gh6 xoa ,tgslFu -k]u c]t doa sk zg6h xoa ]d6 D g,nvj ma’lurj tvq’wfhwxg4y’g,nv’rt85]tot7voF [aofkdtlafcs’j rt85]tot7vod=wfhm6o g-uo.shrtg;flaofvo7v’g,nv’oAoF c8rj tg;flaofvo-q’.sh7ext8yglfD f’aj oAoF dtlafma’s^kp gs^qkj oAo 9b’j ,v[\\kp.shokprkoxkj -ngj 98t[5fgxaoz6hIa[zyf-v[g[y’j cp’f6c]F xhv’dao c]t oerkmk’murj tg;f9t-q’ltgfafwxD g,nvj rtg;fltgfafwxg4y’r6g0qk;q’dqf7u]ud=gsaolk]kmurj t vyooy]t,yfw;h.shgrnvj gxao[vj o16rj adg-qk0v’rtg;fD 9kdoAortg;f c]t ok’,tmurt,tgslu wf4h ngrffk[fq 1mj6 luj k]kcs’j ooA D djk;g4y’-6-tdtrk,g4Qk16jg,nv’dt]y’7t]kg-yj’wfhg,plk;ohvp-nj;jk vt,y8t8kF ok’vt,y8t8kmto54t|v, c]t [q;]t[afrk,-6-tdtz6hgxaolk,ucsj’8qogxao1jk’fupyj’ 9qogIaf.shrk,|,5j .og,nv’ma’s^kpgduf7;k,vyflk 9’bj gduf7;k,3,3sIhkpfkj c]t m5[8ug,p 0v’8qophvo;kj [+g7upxt8y[af8+zq;0v’8qog\\nvofa’j g,p0v’rk,-6-tdtoAog]upD phvoco;oAo r;dok’rk,ma’s^kp9bj’rkdao,ks5h,fjk;jkfa’ ok’vt,y8t8k1jk’I5ocI’F gIaf.shok’ vt,y8t8k gduf3,3s.9Ihkp0BoF c]h;9’bj [a’7a[.shzq;0v’8qowxm6o0=]6dma’lv’0v’rtg;flao fvo.s,h kgxoa mkfI[a .-0h v’rk,g4kQ --6 tdtD f’ja ooA rk,--6 tdtd8= vh ’pv,0on .9xt8[y fa 8k, 7el’ja 0v’g,pD g,vnj -6-tdt vvdgfuomk’9kdg,nv’dt]y’7t]k wxg4y’r6g0qk;q’dqf7u]uc]h;F rk,d=]=4hk .shrtok’,tmuvvdwxgda[\\kdw,h16j.oxjklkdjvo c]h;rk,g4Qk9bj’g0Qkwxm6o0=lv’d5,,ko oertg;fF rtg;fdx= tmkolv’d,5 ,ko.s8h k,7;k,xtl’q 0v’rk,D 9kdooA F rtok’,tmdu [a ,kc8jwxgda[\\kdw,h[+gsaolv’d5,,koF ok’d=mjP;-vdskfh;p7;k,3ldglQk3ldk c]t vyfg,njvp9qolts^q[wxD r=g,njvrtok’2No8q;7no,kF rtg;f9bj’m6o[vd7;k,9y’.shI6hS lj;ort ok’,tmu d=vto53,mtokfv,fh;pD dkomkolv’d5,,ko.shcdjrk,0v’rtg;flaofvooAoF g,njvrtvyo-q’Ia[-k[c]h; dg= d’;kj 9t,zu ,h6 k0r= tok’,tmwu xvdu D ltooA F rtvoy 9’jb cx’8;q gxoa rk,,kmo6 0g= vkq rtok’,tmFu 10

rtg;flaofvod=xtmko.sh1kj ’[+0af.9 c]h;rk,d=-q’ltcf’cx’grfgxaortvyo7ngdqkj D c]h; -q’,v[rtok’,tmu7no.shcdrj tg;flaofvorhv,ma’xtmkorvocxf xtdko.shfh;pD lj;ork,-6-tdt da[lv’d5,,kos^q’mk’,kg4y’g,nv’xtg-w-F rtg9Qklulqow-mvf rtgofgsoa d=l’ja .sgh lokwxgvkq rk,--6 tdt c]t lv’d,5 ,kog0kQ g/kQ moa muc];h rtg9kQ luloq w- dw= fwh 44j volv’d,5 ,ko7on D 9kdooA F dw= f9h fa dP,wrrj oq ltgffa wxI[a rtg;floa fvod[a 7on lg6j ,vn ’D g,nvj rtg9Qklulqow- c]t rtok’z5fltfu lul5rao dao]tpkrhv,fh;p daosk c]t -k]u ltgfaf g4y’r6g0qk;q’dqf7u]u d=wfhrq[rtg;flaofvo c]t ok’,tmuD g,nvj ma’sqdrtvq’,krq[daoc]h;F d=[a’gduf7;k,8No8ao.9s^kp9qolYolt8ywxrhv,daoD .o0totoAoF rtvyo-q’Ia[-k[gsf d=fqo[ao fko.sh/qoskj cdh;skj my[8qd]q’,ksqfgvqkdtlafma’sqdrtvq’ c]t ];,ma’0hk]k-t[=]yrko moju volts[q^ wxooA 2oN 7on ,kD 9kdooA F rtg9kQ llu oq w- c]t -k;g,vn ’mwju xoedk[mo6 0.= srh tg;f loa fvo -’q ltgffa d[a 7on ,k7v’g,vn ’xtg-w-7gn dkjq D g,vjn rtg;fltgffa d[a 7on ,kg4’y g,vn ’c];h d=-q’9af8A’rymu]k-krygldvud7A’|b’j rhv,ma’9afrymultgs^u,lts^v’ c]t rkdaome[5o8ad[kf 4;kp mko1kj ’.sp3j 8,t3s]koD rtg;flaofvo X7af8vo? daomu @ <sy,trko< ສ.ວ.ສ [fa oU 9da dkj ;dE g4y’xtgmfg,nv’dt]y’ dvj oc]h; g0kq ooA gxoa rklk -kfrk,r’q g-Nv /’6 \\j6 -k;g,nv’Ihvo 3r-toa’ g0uo0kf grktgrvjn vx5 t3]dc]’h /oq 2kh [,+ u 8’A skd sk^ pxIu kh ’ Ik,okw;gh xkjq g0kQ [+,1u gj6 ]kQ svpg[ph dg= ]kjq 8kp /’6 \\j6 zoq zt]kw,h .ofq’d=05s;j ’ g0kQ 37f0;h ’ c8’g8kQ \\,j6 oa ryd c]t c7h’ 0u’0kj dtmP,sv, g7vn zda 0P; sPj ;]’q 9egs’kQ /’6 \\xj6 x6 k0vh o g0ou ;’a 8kp8k,skf lfa l’jy goNv glnv-kh ’]t,’ja g,up ,tsy’lkIhvo sq;8qo8kpcff 11

d[q 0Pfwsh skoEd=[+,u g9kQ gvpu g9kQ gvpu /’6 \\j6 -k;g,nv’wsh sy;8kpma’xtgmf grkt;kj ]’q c];h g,vjn ooA vfb 1kdg0kQ /oq c]’h rej oko df= cu ];h g9kQ gvpu g,vjn ooA /’6 \\-j6 k;g,nv’ovh , oe7;k,mo6 ]kf g,vjn ooA 9’y c];h 0=.srh t[kfg9kQ 8’A 8+[k]t,u [+1kj c];h 7oa ;kj cmch ];h lt,kmkolyo lPj ’7eg4’y 2kh g,vjn ooA cmch ];h c];h 9’jb xk]t,ud;kh ’ -oq ]tmko-y]ohq s’j^a roh5 gpu rt[kfg9kQ gsoa f;h p-v[me g9fa ;oa cmh m’a Ida lkloy cxf /oq [+,1u kfpvh p Ie.shm+m5]u /’6 g,vnj -k;g,nv’rvh , mo6 7tfgu 7kQ g’vjn o [oq [vdg[vN ’ [o5 g9kQ |3+ r p’a ,u9v,dtlfa g9kQ d’5 wdryw-g-f [o5 ,kd]oQ d;,roN czoj w8 mkodl+ kh ’ l,q 3rf3rmpy ko ,ou kg7o gzvn drkp7o6 ]oQ g,nv’.fwfh /oq I;kpIeI[u rt1ej gdkQ .9d;kh ’-ymvfmko 7;omsuj k7oq Ih6 g9]t9kgxoa xkf skz6hlts^kf8hko -y0=wfhf’aj xtlq’ /’6 \\-j6 k;g,nv’rvh , 7efP;gsoa -v[ s;’a gr’jy g9kQ [o5 d;kh ’w77j vp sk7oq dkh rk,tokm’a cxf g0kq ooA Igh6 sf0h= dt[;o8kh o7vj ’g7pu g0kq dc= p’soq svh ’ xtg-w-oda 7tg]f Ivfg0f,nh g4y’gmkQ mkj rt]ko c]gsoa svh ’ lk]kmko7[a 7’ja ,nfvN8N 72n kh g’kjq /oq vd5 0t]d5 ]oQ 9,u doa xkox;d -]6 du voo[q ov[o;Y 7vp4kh ]k-tmko 12

g,vjn ooA rk,dr= kdoa g0kQ xt8m6 ;komP,mkj pk,ooA vao;kj 7vp4kh g9kQ -y0=-hk’f’aj xtlq’ g9kQ gIpu /’6 \\j6 c]gpu ]k80u vh o ;oa fP;gvNv,v;kj p ,kc]h; pk,g,vnj rg= soa l]5 gy pfpkh p [’a g[vN ’sPj^ ,ltg\\o 2’a poy 2’a poy 9v,dtlafwmh m’a m,q 8oq xtgluf /’6 \\j6 ltgfafls6j vh ’ g,’a cd;h dvj ,ok’ d[a m’a oda lt|,q ovh , mP,mv’4;kp[kf vao;kj 37,I’j5 c9’h xk’d;kh ’lvj ’cl’ gIvn ’I’j5 gmkQ d’5 ]k-t,oq mPo /’6 \\[j6 ;q ok’0[a dvj ,gr’7e]tsvh p lP’.lc9’h dt[;o7nd]= t;du 0[a dvj ,g9kQ [o5 d;kh ’|3+ r 9v,dtlfa g9kQ [oa m,q wlpkf /’6 \\fj6 ;’fkf2kh g’kq -kh pwd0j oa ສ.ວ.ສ 9oa 3mmkh ; gr’a cl’.l3]d g7kQ voaj Ivh ’ IP’-,h6 kj pg,p /’6 \\dj6 f5 388,h5 g8vn olP’wlxdu \\vd,nfw,h rvorkh ;’kj ’k, ],q ];j ’8vh ’ 8ko8k;.d-h yI’j5 rt[kfg9kQ gr’a 88N ojn ,k ok’lt|,q ovh p 7oa mu4;kp[kf oEfvdw,h 9aomt76hl;j pl’q c];h xPj ozkh g-’u -+7egsvn^ ’ cs;ome,t3]’ 7kj g,nv’c-,dvh p ,’q df5 cd;h rt9]5 kxda gdf rt0oa 7kfgovN mtog6 0,A g7’ja lkp l’a ;kodPh ; rtdkpd,q 7kfg7vjn ’ ltgfafl-6j hk’ pq;]t-hvp-v[pk, okg7o-kh ’rtpklko 8q;xtglufd=fu 7kfg7vjn ’8oQ ’k,]tsvh pI[6 0Po 13

g,vjn ooA l’a 0tspkf;h p lfa moa 7’q 7kj g9kQ gvpu o[a [+4;h o sk^ p]kh ogd’jy ot7vo /’6 \\j6 /’6 \\[j6 ]= ;y ko]vh , 3pmkltst-kf rtgIpu /’6 0kh csocsgj 9kQ wxsvh ’cs’j mko rtgIpu 0=.sh [o5 0;k’0oB xtgdpu mv’m’q cmoj cmch ];h /’6 0kh s^y’]ej 1Ph , rt]kod;kh ’7’ja 7oq g,vjn ooA 7noj M g7kQ 7[a czoj m]= tou cfcj , 7hv,;kj ,;o,km’a py’-kp z7+ vp7v’g9kQ oemvh o rk,tokg0kQ rtgdpu mv’cm[[kf cfmj vh o vao;kj -]6 du voo;Y [’a 7,q c];h g]kjq mo6 d[a m’a 1cj6 s’j svh ’ cfogmfmk’wd 9q’.9xtlq’ gzvn drkprtpk-kh ’ gmvjn oU vq’dtlafg9Qk memko7qo0t,vf \\kpgr’jy g9kQ [o5 d;kh ’d=9’jb ,k 3rmly fa g9kQ furtwm-hvp-onj rk,skd7yfw7wj fh rtpk-kh ’d[= +0uo rtdkj ;c]h; 8A’8+xk]t,u mo6 gmrk m;qj cfofkg8kQ rtdvodew;h ’klko8q;xtgluf c];h 1kfoE 7oa mucd;h s’j^a ]’q vq’dtlafwmh ,t3o.ll5f0t|kf 0=xtdkfw;h gm;tg9Qkm;jq cfo 7f5 okdwmh mkh ;.sppj ,q ry[ko vlu o6 m=]touok’ g,0t]k];’-vh p mkj oz,h6 su c6 9’h 8k.lclo3pf 0=.shs^y’]ej 1Ph , cp’0kh mvfmko 0kh 9da mko-kh ’cd;h 8q;xtgluf,5’75o m’a 7;ko0[a 0rju kpmkorvh , 0=.svh yor,q 2hk 3,mtokrhv,rej zoq czwj ;h rkp|kh -kf-,y k 14

0=0kh wfh f;’pvfl[a roa p6 gxoa ok34lf5 0=.sgh mg;fg9kQ lkltfkf;’]E /’6 rk,rvh , grkt;kj wfh-hk’cdh; 9ew;gh rvnj rtpko cfmj vh o g0kq dr= kdoa 0oB g,vjn ooA 0a[ c]t 2hvo poy f-u ,q -onj -k;g,nv’rvh , g,vjn ooA 4nsvd’kh ; 3fpfhk,f’aj xtlq’ [k’rvj ’ 393]Ikh p lo6 U ]da -kh ’cd;h okg7ow]vj ;j p g,vjn ooA rk,8v[8kh o vao;kj okg7orkp sq;shk;mPj ;4t|qo g,vjn ooA /’6 \\-j6 k;g,nv’wfh .93dfg0,A rkdoa 8vh ow]j grkt;kj 3m,to’a c7oh 7Pf.sgh 9kQ 8oa |kh ;kj 0t3,p [fa oU g0kq dr= kdoa g0kQ mo6 [vdg[vhn ’ cfo.f[a’vkf 7;omuj ]d6 ,tsk]kfg9kQ 7oa ;kj mkookg7o rtv’q g9kQ |+g,vn ’ g,vjn ooA vtmecmh vao;kj gIkq g[du [kh o w0[vd-k;rk]k gIkq 9da rt[kfg9kQ wr9da ,u,kg4’y rtpvfmemko.sh loq w-g9kQ Igh6 sf0h= pyo7erk,dkj ; [f5 gIkq oU ສ.ວ.ສ 0[a 9kd[kh o dkpIvh ogsvjn ws^ -kfm7uj oq 0;’Ikh p 7’u cf’3fpg]vn f mko-kh ’,’yj g,nv’ ;a’s^;’Ihv’lt|oaj w00=hdkj ;7tfu ,tskg;fdtmezyf ,’yj g,nv’ot7vod;kh ’ 7oq 0;’zfy Ifu 9’y c];h 80u Ph ow]|j u rtgIpu ]Ph ’]d6 7oq zfy cdrj tv’q 9y’cmh ]k-kx8y g5 ]f gsoa rvh ,wrgj ,nv’ memkozfy Ifu 9’y c];h [+cr’w;hv’aj ot7vo cmch ];h -y;kpg,nv’,q;,vf 15

rt9’bj glpxt3spff;h p Ik,lkh ’ln[lyo g9kQ gIpu g,vjn ooA ,u7e.sh 7oq .owx[vd ;kj gou [afoU ;oa r’j5 oU .s|h [u kh orkd;’a ;kj 9da 0hk,tskf.-h I[a ]k-t[oa -k rtgvpu oe7tfum6o |+mema’wsh cmch ];h g,vjn ooA rt;=]txywmh -k;ot7vo0v[g0f vao;kj go]tgmfg9kQ [o5 d;kh ’rkd;’a 9’y o= .zzh6 grkt;kj 3ldudE do5 -vortpkgzvn d cmch ];h d9= ’jb 3dfcdrj t[kfg9kQ mko.srh ;drk, g,vnj .f 7k;oU zzh6 kj oroN v’q gvd9v,dtlfa -kfmuj 2’a dvolko Iej gru’7toy’c9’h ;kj gou 3]dou U vtoyf9’a ,oa [+mPj ’ gsf;kj g;Aos;kj ’wfh wrIkh pd=[+,u dvj oc];h 1P;;kj [o5 ,kd]oQ g,vn loj6 u]trko cmgh ou 0kh 9da skpd’a ;oq g;mtokpk,ooA g,vjn ooA gvkq c83j dloq lkh ’ rkps’^a -py lh6 ’jq df= u g,vjn ooA deIvfc]h; 8kh o8o+ kpoda dko cfmj vh o .shmkj ooe7;k,7no 7v[rt7o5 7ec9’h 0=.sh9v,.9d;hk’ ]k-kx8y ]5 kf vto5pkf.sh lk,,Nrkd;a’ 9da 1m6j emko.sh 7oq 9oq md5 0t,vf cs;o c]t cd;h m’a zkh czoj ltw[ /’6 \\gj6 ’oy 7e]oQ .ort7’a ,o6 ,kd []= 9y kdcmh mko.shv,uj .9 glokovh p 7nomo6 gm;t]kf rtd=vto5pkf.sh lk,,N1kj dkp 3rmylfa g9kQ ]kokf,tgslu 0=.shok’,tmu 1p6j on 1kj glkQ d[a mk’-k]gu 9kQ doa sk]d6 r+ 0p= on \\ojn ,N 1kj glkQ 7vj p7’q 16

gmvjn oU de,k,kh ’ deg;o;PoIv[ r9ju da wfrh kdovh ’ 7oa ;kj .soh vh ’]Ph ’]d6 ovh p s=7,h5 ]k-t;a’ rcuj ];h .sch r’lv’d,5 ,ko vao;kj ]k-kg9kQ lv’vvj ovq’dtlaf vao;kj Ida c9,j g9kQ c,oj ;kj ovh ’1kj wfdh Pfcdh g\\vn ortgofgokq .o|kh .soh vh ’wxgxoa g,p vao;kj 7v’z;q w;h g,vn ’.fgsoa I[6 Ida s+8,h6 [+c,oj dko.fcmh xo5 .-ch v;j ;vo d[a m’a ovh ’1kj wfgh l[-h6 7fy 1kd -kp.f8kh o dkj ;I;j ,IP’xtlq’ r1ju kd pdy 7;Y 8vh o .soh vh ’1lj6 n[lkh ’ 1mj6 P,wmmhk; /’6 \\3j6 ]7klo6 lv’dtlfa wmh .srh Pogpu1kj xt\\kf [o5 ,kd]oQ r0ju /= kdovh ’w;h fIu kh pgr’jy doa ovh ’gIpu roju dU e,kg4’y 0=.sdh oa ]tpkovh ’ 7v’0;k’0uoIuf dkomrju fa rkd[kh o okg7ogxoa 0v’gIkq dedPh ;7’ja 4,q cmch ];h 0v’g0kq cmh rtr+g9kQ 9kxv’gxoa g]f r[uj +3lfkf;h p mkomvfgovN 8oa |kh 1kj sP^ ; rgju ou 8afsq;.sh ສ.ວ.ສ 7;fa rtgofgovN 8,h6 wr.j oot7vo dkoxtlq’f;’cdh; l;kj ’gpu1kj .dh ,kofkxy8]5 kf d=fu d;,roN czoj w8 vx5 t4kdrPoloy cfmj vh o -sy kj ’doa wd|kh cr’0;oa 7vj p1j6 fgu pu gxoa gsfdtmemko ovh ’gIpu gduf,koervh , -k;g,nv’l’a ,k7Pf 3I,Ikh p[+.-dj ko cmch ];h ;fa 4m5 korkpovd -u;a’.shvu,j .9 ovh ’gvpu memko,uxt3spf 9’y c];h .o|kh vvdmko cmch ];h l[a roa pd6 p= ’jy pkd 9’y o= 17

gIkq skd mko-kh ’cdh; -k;g,nv’Ivh oIvj ,.f ovh ’gvpu g,vjn ooA ok’dtlfa wmh ,tmumoq m;’3ld vdq v’ja c7oh su;ws8h +z;q 7oa skd de.fcmh ,kxt9qo9e9kd doa o= vao;kj rfa rkdzh6 z;q cd;h dl= ;j o8kp cmch ];h ;oa 7on 0kh rPo7o6 7v’xtglfu gmvjn oU zoq czpj h6 d;,gdkQ gd’yj cfo I’j5 7Og-kQ rvh ,gr’jy [o5 z;q xk]t,u ,5’ [r+ ko3rpIvh o xkx’a g[vN ’ [Polo6 glp9kddoa c];h ok’okfdoA su;wshIOwI vtmy[kpla[ d=]t;ud G -onj qd-toyf|’bj ,ulP’Ihv’,;j oglkt.l Xoqddkg;qk?D rtg9kQ czoj foy D dtlaf G g,vn ’D wdDj d’5 G g0kQ wxskD gl[F dvj ,F 7q[’aoF Ihv’gr’D df5 38 G 7e;kj < laf < .omuoj U\\kpg4y’,to5f s^n 7qoD 7ev=g-ktvvo-voF 7emu,j ;j os6D g0kQ g/kQ G oEg8QkX7aomu4;kp[kf { gvqkoE wx4;kprtg9kQ czoj foy ?D 0[a G oEg8kQ cd;h D ’k-kh ’D 0=.shwfhoelafg0Qk G g;kQ F dkj ;8kh oF g;kQ 9kdoa gxoa mk’dkoD gfnvoF rt9aoD 7e]tshvp G g7vnj ’oEvq[F oEsv,D 8A’.91kdwfhD 7oa mu G 4nlyoF 9elyoD 7oa mcu d;h G ’klko G g9]t9k G 9oa 3m G 9oa mk7h6 G 9q’.9xtlq’ G lt,kmkolyo G 18

l,q 3rf3rmpy ko G lhk’75o’k,7;k,fu grvnj 9tgxaortr5fmtg9QkD 3I’mkoF 3I’sg= Ifa 0oB grvnj .smh kocd7j oq pkd9oq F lk]kmko G [vj orda g-kq D veokfmguj d’ja dkh -v[meD vyfmyxt8ysko G rtvkmfy g7vnj omDuj g7vjn ’xtf[a gvkq ,k7Po38D l]5 gy pfpkh p G pkj ’F gfuoF wxD oa[F deoqfF 9qf9eD l’a ;koXdPh ;? G gxoa zoh6 elklt|kmgju d’ja dkh lk,kfD z6h[ao]5meF 7qoz6hxtglufF z6hfuD ltgfaf G -kh ’,’yj g,nv’ X-hk’7[6j hko7g6j ,nv’?D oEF lkpoED la’0tspk G pdq ,nws;Dh -k;g,nv’D lkltfkf;’]E G dq’wxF ,5’j dq’wxmuFj pkj ’wxmuFj gfuowxmuDj zIh6 da lkp,q 3]d XokIdq ?D la[x5]5f G lts;oa -oA 2kh D rt]nluD -kh ’xfa w9ptokg7o G z,h6 uxoa pkg]uf]oQ Ich6 9’h Xrtrf5 mtg9kQ ?D Ich6 9’h gsoa 9y’3fp8ts^vfD -oq ]tmko G .sdh kog7kq ][q o[q ws;Dh 0k[mo6 rtg9kQ czoj foy D -]6 uo[q ovh ,oU; G 0/U oj5 D g;kQ .srh tg9kQ czoj foy 2’a D -k;rk]k G -kog,nv’ s^n gfuoj zklkfF gfuoj rt]k-t;a’D ສ.ວ.ສczoj foy D cp’soq svh ’ G ws;h;vog4y’gm;tfkD -kh ’D p,q r[y ko G ok’lt|q,F lk;.-h.o;a’D pk,’k,F pk,fuF pk,,u3-dD fk;tfy’ G fk[fq G f;’pvfl[a roa p6 G 8afltI6h G 4;kp[’a 7,q G mo6 ]kf G m]5 u G mo6 7tfu G mkj rt]ko G m]= tou G mo6 gmrk G okg7oF rkplko G oda lt|,q G oq;]t-hvp-v[pk, G 19

ok34 G mgju r’jy D o]u trkoroQ 3]d G 7e;kj <ou]trko< gxao-n0j v’cfol50k;tfu g-’yj .omk’r5fmtlklt|k g-vnj ;kj gxaocfol5fpvf [;q ok’ G cs’j 7;k,s;a’ c]t 7;k,xk4t|k.fM [aomq, Xwlpkf? G g,vjn roQ 9kd3]dowU xD [’a 7,q G ok’lt|,q 0v’rtg9kQ czoj foy D [+pv,4;kp[’a 7,q G ovoD [o5 g9kQ |3+ r G d,Q 0k[ws;Dh xtlq’ G [+pv,.sdh ko7[q ][q o[q ws;Dh xt86m;ko G 7o5 ’k,7;k,fu0v’rt3rmylfa {rtg9kQ D xk]t,u G 1kdwfhF ,5’j s;a’D xkf G xkdxvj ’xt8D6 xdq gdf G [5oF d5lqoF 75o’k,7;k,fuD xk’c, G 7qoz6h,uxaopkF z6h,u7;k,I6h c]t lts^kf Xoadxkf?D zoq zt]kw,h G xqdsq;F xqdzq,D czoj w8 G Xgxao7evhvo;vo? cx;kj 9adgmnvj cfFj 9admucfDj \\kdw,Dh gzvn drkp G lk,3]d7nG !? lts;ao Xmu1j 60j v’gmrtg9Qk?D zkh g-’u -+7e G z7+ vp G @? 3]d,to5f Xmu1j 60j v’7qo?D 3r-to’a G #? okIqd Xmu1j 60j v’r;dzu?D rt[kfg9kQ G -kh ’gznvdF -kh ’0k;D ryw-g-f G zkh crmuxj tfa[xtfkwxfh;p7eD rt1OgdQk G g/kQ 7vpg[’jy F ]4= kh g[’jy D rk,tok G g0kQ xkvkskoD rt0aoF 7kfgoNv G rtg9kQ czoj foy D r,6 u G -gnj ,vn ’|’jb D rtg9Qkczoj fyo Xrtg9Qk1s6j q;?D rk,D ’hk;F fk[gvqk,krkp.l[j kj co[d[a 8oq 38F rtg9kQ czoj foy D 20

rtdkpmv’m’q cmoj G rtg9kQ czoj fyo0Bogmy’cmoj X0Boxtf[a m’q cmoj ?D gfuoj F lt|k,D rt]ko G mIuj v’8uo0v’rtg9kQ czoj fyog,vnj rtv’q ltgffa 0Bo o’ja gm’y [oa ]’a D rtdkp7ecm[[kf G ,nF c0oD sda^ 4koD rtdvo ສ.ວ.ສG7;kpD rtpko G 8P’cd;h D ,tsy’lk G g7vnj ’l;,s;q 0v’rtg9kQ czoj fyoD g,’a cd;h G ,u9yf.9gs^Nv,.lmluj 5fD ,’q df5 cd;h G 4nlyfF 4n38F [+pv,D ,t3o.ll5f0t|kf G gxoa -0nj v’gmrtg9kQ xt9eg,d Xok’g,0t]k?D ,kot9yf G 7;k,fuD g,0t]k G pyofufh;pF gvqk.shfh;p7;k,pyofuyD ,’5 7o5 G .9IhkpF 1kdIhkpD 3,mtok G z6h8yf8k,F z6hIa[.-hD 3,3s G l’yj 0v’m.uj s3h fprtg9kQ czoj fyoD ]k-t[]= ry ko G .dIh ’j5 Xc8.j ooU\\kpg4y’.d7h O?D ]k-tmko G 0v[3]d X[a’3]d s^n 3]d[a’rtvkmyf?D ]k80u vh o G cs;oxtf[a 0v’rtg9kQ czoj fyoD sP^j ,ltg,o G vdb dtmdb 7db 37,F l[a loq ;oq ;kpD cs;ome,t3]’ G gxoa -0nj v’gmrtg9Qk7nvul6o c]t m=]tou vd5 7t]d5 ]oQ G Xxt9eok c]t fyo?D vulo6 m=]tou G gxoa gmrtg9kQ gm’y lts;oa 7nrtvyortr,q D fh;p7;k,pyofuoeF pyofu.shF gsaorhv,oeD voy r,q G [+fuF [+gxaomeF -q;j D vto53,mtok G oy,qoF ws;h;voF g-uoD vtme G Ihk’F xtw;h]hkMD vk]kmtok G Ik, G 21

7e4k, !D goNv.o0v’g]vnj ’rtg;flaofvog;Qkg4y’spa’L @D goNv.o0v’daosy,trkog;Qkg4y’spa’L #D gxaospa’rk,9'bj 0=mko-hk’xafw9ptokg7ooertg;fL $D 9’qj vtmy[kpdkoxtrbf0v’rtg;flaofvo.odaosy,trkoD &D g,nvj rtg;fmko-hk’.shrk,wxc]h; gIaf.shr+0v’rtg;f c]t -k;g,nv’dt]y’ gxaoco;.fL [qfg/ydsaf { .shvkj og]nvj ’rtg;flaofvo daomu # <mkot0ao< c]h;8v[7e4k,]5,j oUG !D goNv.o0v’daomu # <mkot0ao< g;Qkg4y’spa’L @D 9’qj 0Polts^5[sp=h ly’j murj tg;flaofvowfhmko,uspa’cfLj gxaospa’rtvq’9’bj mko 1kj ’s^;’s^kpL #D 9’jq -vdsk7edvo.odoa mu # mluj vj ’cl’g4y’7;k,Ida ]ts;kj ’z;q g,p c]t 7;k,Ida 0v’r+c,8j +]6dM c]h;,kg]qkj 7noD { .shvkj og]nvj ’rtg;flaofvodaomu _ <,tmu< c]h;8v[7e4k,]5j,oUG !D goNv.o];,0v’daomu _ <,tmu< g;Qkg4y’spa’L @D 9’jq -vdsk7edvo.odoa mu _ g-’jy [oa pkp7;k,Ida c]t 7;k,gxoa s;j ’0v’c,mj ,ju 8u ]+ d6 D 22

[qfvjkogruj, daomu # mkot0ao rtg;floa fvo doa mu# -;jn kj G <mkot0oa < 7fa 9kdxB,g;floa 8t]t-kfdq F ;P’9oa F s=lt\\f5 cs’j -kfF !_(@D [Aomkot0ao wfhdkj ;g4y’ s^a’9kdrtg;flaofvomko-hk’c]h;F rtvq’4nd0a[ w]j|u9kdrtot7voD djvo9tvvdgfuomk’rtvq’wfh[=]y9kdmko8jk’MD s^a’9kdvvd9kd rtot7voc]h;rtvq’d=wfhgfuomk’wx4nfk[qf X4nlyo? 16mj xuj kj ;q’dqf7u]uD vao;kj vm5 vocmh vq’fP;,tskg;f gxoa gsfmko-kh ’cd;h rtv’q g9kQ -wy ]|j u .z-y,k7v’lkh ’ xtg-w-85h,wrj ]d6 ,’jy 8oQ ,cu mzh fh6 P; 0=.srh t1OgdkQ 8oq xtgluflk,u3d 8v’8km[y mvfrtgoco,c9’h 8k,dt[oy g[vN ’ ltd5o;q’r5fmt37f [+.sgh 0ou 0kf0vh o glpg-vN l[n rt;’q ສ.ວ.ສ c,oj 9da gvkq .zcmh ,kxo5 gxoa ]d6 df= cu ];h d[= g+ \\vn og]vn fgovN rtg9kQ g9vnj ’9v, cmch ];h c,oj ;kj [5f8kwmh medkogdou gsf mko-kh ’cd;h g,vn ’[kh o-+-’a 0=.shrt[kfwmh 7toy’4suj ^kpxtdko mkookg7o cdrj k,wxc];h [.j= -oj kg7ocd;h ,’q 7oq -7u on 7v[ zyf-v[.sh rtv’q g9kQ vuf6 ]d6 mvh o g,vjn ooA 3rmylfa g9kQ ,tskmkogmmvf rhv,rej 4h;o sk^ p]kh o,kd,o6 do5 -t3]-kh ’ r’a rkp,kh gmf 7;kpg4vjn o4;h o ok’c[ch ,]j k ,mu ’a d;Pod’q cd;h ltgrkq crmP;mkj gInvI;j ,oE s^kp]kh o]vj ’mtg] ]fa 8to’a cd;h g9fa xtdko];q s^kd g7vjn ’gmfrvh , ltw[zkh 7kj 7k, 23

g’oy 7e]oQ rt7’a s^;’w0gxuf g9kQ gIpu 0oq vvdw;h mko.sch d7j oq cmch ];h /’6 \\6j -k;g,nv’rvh , 7kg,[kh oovd g0kq d=-,q -onj wfh 0v’g9kQ ]k-tmko dvj oc];h g,vjn ooA r[6 kog9kQ 3rmpy ko8oq xtglfu d9= 'jb gsoa ,’jy gs’kQ lv’ovh p]d6 ]o5 g,nvm6ows;h ]kv’q x8y g5 ]f d[a m’a rtc,gj 9kQ 7o5 ]oQ gd’jy cfo gmvjn oU xkx’a g[vN ’ g;o;Po,kIvf r[+ ]+ Ph ’ -y]kmhv’rt;a’ <...> g,vjn ooA lults^P;cd;h ok’,tmumo6 x6j cfmj vh o 0=.shrt1OgdQk [o5 d;kh ’IOgr’y rtgvpu -kfmoju k]ug-Nv co;py’pfq 8O df= cu ];h ld5 1fj6 ;h p [o5 lkh ’rOz;q c,oj -,y gu ’oy ]oQ g8,a lk’]kh o3df rtgvpu z;q [+,u1-j6 vh o 0;oa -yw0rh Ogv’ cmch ];h c,oj ;kj ld5 p’jy ]E ]oQ 3]dvk9oy w8 df= u wfhc]h; ff6 ’ja 7oq 9oa mko \\4j6 ’q 4tcs^’8No d=8k,mvh o mP,grkq oeco[ rtgvpu 7oa ;kj ,zu ;q -vh o l|u kh dI= ’j5 gIvn ’ c,oj -my d5 m+2kh v’q fP;gfou xkj mP,0kh ’d[= +,u vao;kj lk,3u dcd;h g9p]t9kdv’q fP; skgrvjn orvh , cv;j oeco,g9kQ ]d6 [+]tc9,j g9kQ ovofyofv,x;d rtv’q 0kh -7y vj prPo 0kh 9da 3fp8k,z;q mkh ;gmfm’q lyo clomd5 wfh c,oj -my d5 m+2kh co,m+wfrh kj ’rNo 24

gxoa 8kpl’a d-= kj ’deg,vn |kh ro+ = g,vjn ooA v’q dtlfa wmh loq w-8oq x6j dg6 f 0noskh ,-y[+2’a 8kh o8+]d6 lt.rh fv,s^kolv’vvj o vtoyf9a’fh;p ovozkh vgj6 x vkpp5 ’a |,j5 ovh p gfuowrsy;cff lts’;o7;k,w0h dk’fkh ;fkj ofq’ 8kdoE7kh ’ wrlqosy,tg;f voa 8t]kp]oQ <...> 7vj p1f6j ugfu g9Qkz6hpvf-+2hkສ.ວ.ສ zklkf,5’,tou doa c];h m’a g,’a -vo [vj o8P’r,q zkh c]o= Ik,ovod;Q doyj dg6 Ipu gmvjn oU gIkq 9da ]kw]w;h 7;k,-y.ddh =[+,u fumvh o o[a ,Nwdvvd|kh ;yw-poq zklkf d=fumhvo lt|k,s^oY gIvjn ’30o cfgj ou 7vj p1fj6 ugpu ,oq mPod;kh ’ lt|k,w-7vj p16j df= mu vh o ma’0;kj ’7,h5 .ooE3[d[’b svp-kp-q,skf cmch ];h gmvjn oU gIkq 9da w]Ik,w;h 7o6 7kh ;7vj p7’q /’6 \\j6 ok7t]kfg9kQ rkpmv’mP,mkj d[a m’a xx6 kc0h ]’q soY^ l;kj pl’q d[a m’a fd5 gffu rvh , [;q mv’moa gdf d[a m’a gIvn 7ervh , sv,gIkQ ];j ’]tvv’ [q;cf’gfp]tfkf gIkq skdg7pu vk[oE .lc9’h lvj ’g’kq -q,f;’cdh; ltr’a rP’-vh p-ojn vtooa god]oQ dkosp’h5 pkdl’a ,uma’[q;0k;]Qo ltr’a rP[oE 1lj6 t|d5 s^oY [3+ ldIvh o <...> 25

7hv,;kj rtdkj ;c];h ,kh v;j kpd;Pod[a cfcj , rk-ru kp g7vjn o7k;wx|kh cfcj , 7oq 0m= ’a luj c8oj oA p’a ,ru k,r’q g-vN xtlq’,hk|+me rcju ];h 8k,c9,j g9Qk 3I,lP’.ll’jy g0kq dr= kdoa Ivh ’ [o5 d;kh ’7vj pwx g-ou c9,j g9kQ poy 7ezkpz+ mo6 ws;dh kj ;dvo g,vjn ooA vq’dtlafwmh rk-mu ’a luj rk,Ivfg9kQ [o5 d;kh ’mvfmko /’6 0kh 0m= ko,kh fu.9-vh p-onj 0=.srh t1OgdkQ mko.sch drj k, gm[rt]kflk0k g,vjn ooA v’q dtlfa g9kQ ]t,’ja mv’cmo,hk ,v[,hkcd;h mP,d;Po]fq lt]kf gsoa c];h -onj -,q c8oj oA g]pu gfvn fIvh o ,yrk,8yf8+ d9= 'jb cx’8;q gxoa [o5 d;kh ’|3+ r ,kl;og0kQ -q,lts’;o-hvp-onj rt[kfg9kQ ;k’.sch drj k, r=7k;ovh p cx’dkpds= kpI[6 8k,,k0=]fq cd;h m’a gs’kQ c,,j tmu doa sk]d6 vvj o vao;kj ok34mkh ; gIkq v,h6 g9pj gvkq rtd=mko]fq cd;h gxoa -kpr-ju gy 9pj ;k’.shc,,j tmu vao;kj gm;tfkg9kQ 9egxoa xk’pkd p’a c8j rt[kfg9kQ r’q g-vN d[= ,+ u gvqkvq’[5f8t]kf d[a m’a -k]mu kh ; gs;s;h pIvj ,zk gfou [+wfh vao;kj -k]mu kh ; doa skokfmtovh p g9kQ 9’jq vfq lkv,h6 gIkq skd rfa rkd[kh o g,vjn oAo lv’dtlafv6h, gfuofkj ow,h 26

xkmkmkh ; mP;mk’0P;cff ]d6 gvpu foy cI’j Ivh o gfnvoskh I,jq [k’ oemk’g0kQ sy,trkowrpt,kf gfp]tfkfw,h f;’fQ;dyoj sv, vao;kj lv’dtlafwmh mk]tdkd;ocv;j 7yfw7fj h;p f;’w,hfnj,fq, ,kfkg9kQ 9P,.99v,]d6 c,dj =gvqk[+wfh f;’w,h1l6j 6’ g,vjn ooA /'6 \\g6j m;tfkfkh ; fvp0;k’g0kq ,kf gsoa vvj oovh p poy 7kh ,vfuj 6 d=9'jb [oa fko.sh lk0ugvNv,v;kj p ]’q lrj6 oN lv’ovh ’gf[j kp <...> vtmy[kpla[ ສ.ວ.ສ xtgrouF ]t[P[c[[czoD dt[yo G cd;h mguj 9p]two9kdsuomfuj umluj 5fg9af1kj ’7nG cdh;0k;F cd;h g9fa xtdko G cdh;cf’F cdh;0P;F cdh;feF cdh;8kc,;F cdh;oE7a’j c]t cd;h \\ojq D 30o G dkosoY^ 1kj ’|’jb D 7;kpg4vjn o G 7;kpxkj F 7;kpg4ydIkh pD g7vjn ’gmf G g7nvj ’sv, Xw,hsv,?D ok]gu -vN G g-vN mgju xoa zph6 ’y D ok34mkh ; G -kp7oq -;jq Ikh pD ,oq mPo G zklkf ]k-t;a’D g,’a -vo G 8P’ovoF [vj oovoD rk-u G 38,kh D ltgrqk G gInvcrD ;yw-poq G w--totF 7;k,zk[crhD vk9yow8 G g7upxtrfb ,kF gxoa oywlD 27

daomu _ ,tmu g]nvj ’rtg;flaofvo daomu _ -n,j tmuF c87j qo]k;gIqkmq;j wxoypq,gvUo;kj ,tmuD daooUwfh dkj ;g4y’rtok’,tmu rt-kpk 0v’rtg;fwx-vdmPj ;skzqow,h.oxkj grnvj ,k]hP’lk,u c]t ]6dma’lv’F g,njvda[,k[+gsao]6dF rtok’,tmu d=-vdskc8j[+gsao]6dF ok’9bj’Ihv’wshIjewI 9oq lts^[q wxD g,nvj rtok’,tmults^q[mkj ;wxc]h;F rtg;fd=gvqkoE,qo,krq,gxqkj Ihv’wshIej wIskg,p f;h p7;k,md5 3ldrP’7oq fP;1lj6 k]k.oxkj F 9kdooha F ok’,tmdu I= g6h ,vjn 7on ,k c];h rtg;fd[= vd 7;k,9y’g]vnj ’mkolv’d,5 ,ko.sch drj k,D [afoU 0hk9addkj ;g4y’9v,dtlafwmh ok’rtpkwxxkj dvj oc]h; ;oa ooA sk\\kdw,h ,oa rvh ,g7vnj ’f’q o[a c8j 8’ha skd]k’g0oa Ikh p ,u,ks^kps^kd ok’skd g9kQ rkdsvh ’ cd;h dvj6 kl,q 8A’skd rtwmm;’7yf I’j5 llu v’ovh p vk;vocmh 7to’y s;osk]d6 8ah’skd 9yfoPj ;cd;h lv’ovh p[+],n d’a ;oq cmh fv,vvj olv’vvo ;aooU 8kltmhvo lv’g[Nv’ltg,oja ,q; ,um’a s;q .9g8oA ],q 9vodkorkd 8k[+c9’h sg6 9kQ dg= ]kjq ,;q ,bomob cmh xkogxoa [kh x;j ’ m’a g]kjq s^’q xkj w,h mk’g9kQ 7;kj g7pu zoq zt]kw,h 8k,fq’,u,kd ok’skdwxmd5 ,N skwf’h kj pfkp 8’A skdskplo6 lPh ’ gxvn p8;q 8oq gxkjq ok’okfg9kQ .9]tshvps’;j ,gs’qk <...> 28

pk,oU 7oa ;kj ok’Ivfsvh ’ skovh p[g+ soa ok’9da d9= ’jy ;’jy c]oj g8oA 7oa ;kj [+gsoa lv’d,5 ,ko wssh +I;kp8k, ,]= tok,Ph o g,vjn ooA ;ao7ej c]h; -vy vj ocI’su;wsh g4’y lk]k ok’[+wx,kwfh gxoa zfu [a -kf 9’y c];h -u;yfg9kQ gm;tfkfhk; ok’8kj ;7no,k ]yfmygffdkh 8q;|’bj me8qo.sh ,nf,q;fq’w,h 7t3p’c]oj g8oA 8;q |’jb cx’gxoa g-vN mq’lt8y8A’16j 8aoxvj ’w;h 8;q |’jb cx’gxoa g-vN -py ’a \\oA [8+ kp cmch ];h 3zo3zfg8oha lk,lafrhv, cx’dkpd[a grf 1cj6 s’j shv’ mewf-h g6j -u’ megxoa glvn 37’j 8oa w;xh vj ’wx ]k-tlulaf.spj mk’|kh Ivj ,zk ສ.ວ.ສ glvn gs^vn ’0k;0t|kf 8oa mkh ’xvj ’wx rkdoa 8oa -vj ’ dk’fhk;fkj ofq’ <...> cd;h dlj6 k]k c];h ok c]oj ,k7vp8vh o ]d6 gvpu g4’y cs’j svh ’ xko8kp8;q loja [+gsoa lv’[f5 8k lv’s^hvoc,,j k vdq ok’,kh ’ ,kgInvo,oa 7ej gvoU ]d6 ovh p ,aowfhdt8kj g8a, ]d6 1kj ,;q g,kq s^Yo ]ef;orur;j o c,gj 9Qk,kIvfc]h; p,q s;kh g;suj ;ko ,mu ’a zoq \\kdw,h dyoo,q fv,c,j g2vn ’/kj rvh , lv’ovh p1g6j 1oa ]d6 -kj ’oko,kcmh ok’dI= vh ’IPdgvoU 29

g,vjn ooA ok’dtlfa c7oh 38o8k,Ivh ’IPd l’a o= su;svfdAo ma’wshIej sk c,mj vh o c,sj kd,kg4’y c];h sk,oa ,k/kd m’a \\kdw,h s;kol,Q 7vj6 oa cmch ];h doa skcd;h -k]]u -U vj o glpo= ,k.shc,9j [6 cd,h dyo9dh6 vj ,ovo gvoU ]d6 gokq ovo rtgvpu o[a c8j ok’Ivh ’wsh ’P[wrg1oa lt,’Y ovh ’mvh o d[= +,lu P’0ko cxx;ogxoa sk^ d ,k8vh ommuj k’ ovh ’mvh o 8’A skd zfy dt[;ocmh m’a lv’lo6 7k[ c,sj kdwxmd5 ,N su;c7oh 7’ja m;’ l,q rko3rm]y kf voa oU 9da ;kj gxoa 8kpcmh lv’g9kQ dg= ]kjq skp rtc,wj sh gpvN o3zfxkou ok’9’jb wxmo6 g/kQ w77j vp7ec9’h m’a lv’skpI[6 vao;kj ]d6 vvj oovh p .fcmhvufj 6 0=.srh td’jq gdNv rc= 8dj o5 kzkp xkogxoa [kh x;j ’ cfmj vh o do5 kovh p w2w\\\\h ojn dv’ c]o= gxoa gsff;h p [,+ 9u k8kh oxkd su;wshx;j ’wx ,kgpu <...> gfou f’q Ivh ’dd6 c,mj vh o g,vjn ooA ok’dtlfa wsh lv’g9kQ c,,j k g9p]t9kdwxwd vdq 7’ja c7oh w77j vpgsoa |kh grkt;kj r[6 kog9kQ -k]gu vpu ]d6 c,j gsoa |kh vo5j .9 ok’skdmd5 [+c];h rtwmm;’c7ho gvoU ]d6 ovh p ]6d-y]tc,wj ;h ,kfks;a’ doa skg9kQ r=.sch ,9j [6 cd,h 30

0=.sh lv’dtlfa g9kQ xo5 doa d[a gdfu c,mj vh o ,k1l6j kh ’ xk’d;kh ’0;kj ’vyo c,cj ]h; glvn lk’gxkqj xkj voa oU gxoa f’q -kh ’ p’5 IUocI’j 8v, ]d6 1kj wf1h -j6 kh ok’c]oj skIvp 7hv,;kj c];h xkj 0’q g0kq g’vN , 8k,fq’s^;’ sy,trko,q;,nf wrrtov,fhk; <...> ,kgpu lv’llu vh p ສ.ວ.ສ lkp.9]d6 c,j ,kmvh o rkdoa s^’q xkj w,h wrd;kh ’xkj d;k’ c]o= s^n;kj ’6-;’Ihkp gsvn^ ,]kp7k[cdj gvkq c9,j g9kQ wx4Eg4vjn ozk c,]j n s^n;kj glnvly’-kh ’ ]k-tlulfa xkj ,k7k[g9kQ doy c];h f’j5 |u c,oj = s^n;kj voy -gu -vN lda do5 kodq .spj cmch ];h .oxkj w,h [yocl;h cl;j gvkq 9’y o= s;^n kj zgu zfs;h p .of’q dv’dvj p c,gj f lt,vj pfhk; lo6 g9kQ x;j ’wx gxoa xtdko.fcmh m’a lv’lo6 7k[ ggzzPh ’gxkjq cxo vao;kj Ivpzkj oroN -oq ]tmk.omkj 9da ;kj /'6 lfa Ikh p ]’q oE9,5j ;’a ,k7k[g9khq [+,umk’f’b cdj Ivpg9kQ d[= +,u voa c8j .oltr’a oE [,+ lu o6 glp7k[ c,dj g= ]kt]P[c];h -gy svn^ 7kh ’czoj foy me,tfkf6cxd 7oa skd 8kp9’y cmh gs^nvw;dh =[+,u dtfd6 g]vn fgovN voa oU 8’ha skdglplo6 loY l[q -kdg9kQ 31

vao;kj ok’,tmuwsh su;8kpfv,]6d 9’jb sk^j s’Q^ s’q^ [kh o[+oko ok’7kog9kQ ,ob mob mP;g4vjn o ok’dg= ]vjn oMoE 8kwsIh 5’j sk <...> ok’dtlfa g9kQ 3mg]],n grf 7fb 9da mo6 l’ja g9kQ ;yolt,vh pmkj ;]q’ rtlPol[q gmkQ m=]toumvfmkj ; 8kdtfhk’ ok’g9kQ dg= ]kjq c0’ 9v,cr’],Q \\fq ],q ,=]tokf .90kf,Ph o ovod;Q /oj5 foy cmch ];h ;yloa pu],Q lts^[q 8kp-vh ’rtgof g,vjn ooA rtpkg;fg9kQ gsoa gs’kQ ,vf-u;’a rtwmm;’c7ho xkoxon lvolP[ ltgfaflo6j hv’ c]c]h;Iej wI rt[kfwmh doA 3ld3ldk -oq ]tmkws^ s’j^a ]’q dvpdoA [fa oU doa ]tpkovh ’ ,]= tok8kp9kd do6 = g9kQ -ry kdrwju ;h wrd;kh ’zf6h P; c]o= rsju kdl’q lkog9kQ 9v,.9,afmt]kf gfo= ok’skd,]= tok,Ph o 8kp7kh ’c7wj r .z-,y kcx’lkh ’ rtg,,s^;’gzkq 7k[ rtok’o= voa oU 8’A skdgxoa xkj w,h wrd;kh ’fkj ofvp ok’skd rvpg,vn ’[kh o ,k8kpdk’xkj gfo= skroju vh ’ r’q g-vN d[= +,u rcju ];h <...> 32

vtmy[kpla[ G doy o,q c,Dj G 75o’k,7;k,fuF [5o[k]t,uD doy 96h G -vj6 oa -c6j o;D lq,rko G 7;k,Ih6F xaopklts^kfD -gj6 -’u G ]n,lts^q[wxF skj ’skpwxD pko G zg6h xoa rD+ 3mg]}3m]k G 8kD x8y g5 ]f G s;q D rtgof G [+,u7;k,Ih6lbdF lYolt8yD rtlPo G xkj oE\\vdF g0fvkdkf|k;D ;ylaopu G [vj o106j v’]ln Dn sy,tg;f}sy,trko vkl,q ສ.ວ.ສ 33

[qfmu # dk[x6jlvos^ko !D 7;k,gxao,k0v’dk[x6jlvos^ko |’a ldn k[xlj6 vos^kogxoa ;oa ot7tf0u Poxtgrfdk[dvomgju dkjq cd0j v’]k;vdu lt[[a |’jb F gxoa g]vjn ’|’jb .o9eo;o[fq ;oa ot7tf0u Pom,ju gu ovN .olfy lvoc[[gzpu czsj da^ loy me { me,t9t]py kF grvjn [vdlvoF dkj ;g8vn ozgh6 xoa ]d6 Msk^ oMmd5 7oq .s,h 7u ;k,-ljn fa []= ly f5 F xvf.l0k;ltvkf.odko fe]q’-u;yfF ,udko7v’gInvomufj uF I6h9ad;k’8q;F I6h9adg7qk]q[oa[4ng-y’j dao c]t daoF I6h9ad[vj o8O [vj ol6’F mec87j ;k,fu,uxt3spfcd8j qoF la’7q, c]t xtgmf-kfF s^udg;Ao7;k,-q;j ma’x;’ 7nmd5 1kj ’8vh ’xtrfb xt8y[fa 8oq .sIh P[Ivh pm’a .slh vf7vj ’8k,ltrk[l’a 7,q .opd5 ltw\\D |a’lndk[x6jlvos^ko c8j’0Bogxaog;]kgsy’oko,kc]h;F vu’8k,0=h,6o16j.oxB,;aoot 7tf]u k; X!_)(? wf0h Pow;;h kj G dk[xlj6 vosk^ olt[[a gf,u c,oj rtrf5 mt37lk9kocs’j g,vn ’]kh o -kh ’gxoa zch6 8’j F c8[j +I;h6 oa F gfvn o c]t xcu 8’j ]tvPfS c8vj kf9tc,oj c8’j 0oB ,k.oltw\\vkok 9da ]k;]kh o-kh ’.o]ts;kj ’lt8t;fa mu XVII .o]fa -tdko0v’g9kQ l]5 py t;’q lk g-’jy gxoa ltw\\ ]kh o-kh ’,u7;k,9tg]uoI’j5 gInv’l’6 lf5 D |a’lndk[xl6j vos^koF z6hc8’j wfhvu’.lcj o;7yf75olq,[af8q;9y’0v’dkofe]q’-u;yf1.6j o]t [v[la’7q,ladfyok c]t |a’ln7erumk’lklt|kr5fvaogxaos^adme7elvo,5’j xtlq’grnvj x6rNo .shcddj koxt8y[af8qo c]t lbdlkvq[Iq,.sh7qogIqkgxao7qofuIv[fhkoD z6hc8’j wfhvtmy[kps^ad7e lvow;h1kj ’gxaodk’7n [+wfhpqdl6’8+[5d7qoz6h.fz6h|’jb gxaoryglf c]t [+wfhg[’yj 8O s^n .lIj hkpxhkplu 7oq vojn gdou 7;k,gxoa 9’y S c8sj kd[vd.sIh ;h6 kj zgh6 xoa xFj6 gxoa zgh6 4kQ zch6 dvj k;35 l4;n kj gxoa zgh6 dfu ,kdvj oF gxaoz6hI6hz6hgsaoco;Ihkpco;fu c]t pa’4n;kj gxaoz6hzkj oxtlq[dko[qfIPo-u;yf8q;9y’ s^kpd;kj z6h |,j5 ovh p f’ja 7elr5 klfy [I6 kogroyj ;kj <vfa oEskfoy cf’cx’g,vn ’skzgh6 4kQ < zgh6 xoa xpj6 kj 8kokp gxoa z,h6 7u ;k,Ifh6 kh o-;u fy pvh oco;ooA F xpj6 kj 8kokp sn^ zgh6 4kQ zch6 d9j ’jb ,7u ;k,gxoa s;j ’gxoa .p8z+ gh6 xoa ]d6 sk^ ozmh6 gju dfu .\\.j sp]j o5 D grojy 1kd.sgh xoa 7oq Izh6 fh6 Fu ,7u o5 l,q [fa m4ju dn 8vh ’F gxoa 7oq ltsk^ fsda^ cs,^ c]t p’a gxoa mIju da cr’0v’xpj6 kj 8kokpS m’a gxoa roq ]tg,vn ’f0u v’-kfD ltooA grojy 9’jb dkj ;l’ja lvo 8da g8vn o]d6 sk^ o3fp[9+ edfa grf c]t -oq -oA ;oa ot grvjn gxoa mfy mk’.odkoxtrfb xt8[y fa 8oq 1kj ’ g\\ktl,q 8k,ltrk;tdko0v’l’a 7,q .oc8]j tpd5 ltw\\F rvh ,m’a .s]h tg;oA 8d+ kodtmevt[kp pt,5d c]t 7;k,-q;j -hkma’x;’D 34

ສ.ວ.ສ@D 7;k,le7ao0v’dk[ g4y’;jkdk[x6jlvos^kogxao[qf;aoot7tfu7elvomujgdqjkcdj mjuvu’8k,s^adme,t9t]ypk 0v’rtr5flklt|k c]t vu’8k,s^da 7elvo.o-u;yf8q;9y’0v’]t[v[lda fyokzkj o,kwfhs^kp Ivh pxcu ];h d8= k,S c8[j w+ f\\h kp7;k,;kj govN .o7elvoooA 9tgxoa l’jy gdkjq cdsj kh^ s’a^ m’a \\fq D govN .o 0v’7elvooAo pa’wfhIadlkw;hg-y’j 75o7kj vaofu’k,muvj t,t8tD ma’oUd=phvo;kj goNv.o9yf.90v’ 7elvom,uj k9kdlklt|krf5 7n G mec87j ;k,fuF s^udg;oA 7;k,-;jq c]t me.s9h yf.9zvj ’.looA dc= ,oj dkolvo.s7h oq gIkq gxoa 7oq f,u ;u wy o \\kp7;k,;kj mefwu ffh u me-;jq wf-h ;jq gxoa zoq 8v[cmoD 7e;kj [5o c]t [k[d=]h;oc8gj xaozqode9kddkodtme0v’7qoma’oAoD vudxtdko|b’j goNv.o 7elvo.odk[x6lj vos^koF oadxkfvk9kogryoj wfhw88j v’F g]nvdg2Aogvqk75olq,[af8q;9y’ c]t xtlq[dko-u;yf8q;9y’0v’la’7q,m5d1kj ’,kgxaodkov5xt,klq,mP[ c]t dkj ;[vdlvo.sh7qo Io5j s^a’wfhoewx8bd8v’ry9k]tok grvnj xt8y[af8qo.shfuD g,vjn ,kIvfl’a 7,q xfa 9[5 oa F xtgmf-kf,7u ;k,9tg]ou dkh ;|kh mk’fkh og8da 3o3]-u d8= k, c8gj sao;kj goNv.o7elvodk[xl6j vos^kopa’,u7;k,le7ao1kj ’s^;’s^kp.orkdxt8y[af8q;9y’F ,u7;k,9egxao.odkoIPoI6h c]t me7;k,g0Qk.9.sh4nd8hv’D 7qoI5oj .\\.j sp]j 5od=7nG oadIPo 7;o9tlbdlkIPoI6hgoNv.o75o7kj 0v’dk[1kj ’g]ydg-y’j F ,u7;k,g0Qk.9 c]t lk,kfwx\\6o .-h1.6j odkofe]q’-u;yf8q;9y’wfh1kj ’4nd8hv’D 35

dk[x6jlvos^ko X7af8vo? <...> z0h6 kh -;jn kj rf5 mt37lk vk9kooda xkf lts^kfgsoa 7v’ \\ojq \\v’rkp|kh 9’jb dkj ;dk[dkh w;4h kh lvos^ko omy ko[kh oovd 8kh o[vd7eru m7u tody kp [vdsk^ pogy mf .og0fl’q lko /’6 ]d6 sk^ o 99nj egvqkw;h .z9wnj fh g,vn |kh pvj ,pon s^q; c]t 2no 1kj gvkq Iv’o’ja g-Nvo’ja 8O 1kj wfho’aj l6’ g-vN ]’5 8k .sh1exkocdh; xl6j ’aj c];h s^kos^kh 99nj e megxoa 0o5 .sh,u.9d;hk’ 1kj v;fvhk’ 7;k,I6h[+4k, 7;k,.f’k, 4k,0o5 zIh6 h6 ,ads^Yo-6h .sh4k,fv,g,p ,da gxoa grp .s4h k,rouj vh ’ .9.llvj ’ doa c];h 9’jb wx w,h]efP; ]hv,IQ;[+w0;j wr[j +rvh , cx’[kh o[g+ xoa grojy gsoa 38 1kj veg-u’w;h [kf3mf8vh ’ ,oa xUo.l3j 8 .93]g] 1kj sk,kxP[ 1kj mP[cmh /’6 ooA [f+ u 36

0kh sdu^ |u 1kj gvkq sk^ pgmvjn ’;h odoy g[vjn 1kj w;.h ogInvo 7oq .9g[vn o 1kj gxoa roju vh ’ ,oa 9da gxoa ]vh ’7vh ’ 7dn Pj ;lv’7,q oEg8a,ws ,vfw2[+wfh /’6 grojy wsh ,oa [+,ud;q g,pd[a z;q 1kj me.9g-vnj [kf]k’gmvjn ,oa g[vnj ,oa -’a 7;k,3,s’a ,oa ,kc]oj 8vh ’ ruj c]t ohv’ [+c,oj .9fP;D <...> xoa pk4;h oskh .ssh P^ ;g[’jy |kh xgj6 osu k^ ogvpu vaflt9ao ສ.ວ.ສ .ssh P^ ;g[’jy xkpxon xgj6 osu k^ ogvpu 7oa 2oa 0;ko 1kj 9kg,pmkj o 7oa p’y |kh 1kj zkj o7v’g,vn ’ g4’y lk]k 1kj 0kogxoa -h6 7;k,I|h6 vh p wxlvj6 [5 kp z;q grojy p’a gxoa g;o[c+ ];h .z0oa lj6 s^kos^kh 99nj e 8kpgdfu ,k .l.j 9voa ooA xl6j ’aj c];h roa -oA 1kj sP^ ; mevao.f sP^ ;s’a^ sP^ ;|kh -gh6 0pj 0kh ’ fuc];h 9’jb ovo mP;mk’wd 1kj ;vosk-h6 9yf--j6 oA 7exlj6 vos^ko s;q IP’\\vo [Pflk;gr’y dPf 7fb I’j5 Ih6 1kj wfhdkj ;wp ovopk,|k; grojy 7Pfc];h 37

w2]k,]d5 1kj gvkq /vp,kvvj p -kh ’grojy pvh p .ssh ^du c8wj d lP’-two f’a d;kj lP’7vh ’ d[q 0PfIvh ’ 8vh ’sq;.9’6 lk;--6 kp glpfkpc88j kh ’D gxoa 7oq oU <...> 1kj xo5 xv’ [kfcd4j ;h o xP[odq g9kjq ’vp|v’ gxoa 7oq -kp odq pk’0k;];h o gxoa f’ja 9hv’ ,oa [g+ 7pu g]’u gxoa 7oq .o3]dk IOgru’.s4h vh ’ ,\\u kdgIvjn s5[c]h;cff,k ,oa ,zu oq 1kj mP,8oQ gfvjn [+skg,vnj 1mj6 cuj 7,-oq 7oq mP;mk’ ld5 cf’gIvn ’gIvjn [kp.lxj kd ,oa [+skpk, l,Q [+s;ko gsoa wdpoy pkd \\kdgfvjn ooA ,oa [+,us;ko c,’\\,uj k 7k-k,gIvn ’gIvjn ld5 c88j oQ fv6 kf|da |k gdfu sk^ pgsvn^ ]oQ grojy [0+ = g4’y gmkQ IvfxkpD [kf.shc]h; 7v’4vj pIkh p <...> grojy [g+ voU 38g]kjq ,k.sh 7hk’1gj6 vu,gpu, ooA d=[+fu|’jb ,uskh lluj k, 38skd0ko ooA d=4vj p|’jb 38

grojy [+;ko ສ.ວ.ສ 38skd,k-;j p ooA d4= vj p|’jb grojy [+.sh 38-Erfa ]da gvkq ooA d=4vj p|’jb [vj o38g-kq 38rk3]0.U lj ooA d4= vj p|’jb 8ojn ,Ng-kQ 0U.lmj k’s^;’ ooA d=4vj p|’jb g;kQ 8db 8;’ ;kj grojy gxoa Ikh p ooA d4= vj p|’jb pkh p7eg;kQ pp= vh ’c83j 8 ooA d4= vj p|’jb g;kQ 3,3s pdq 38c’oh 0oB ooA d4= vj p|’jb g;kQ -oB ]oN gIfa |kh [v+ kp ooA d4= vj p|’jb 38z8h6 O g;kQ 9’6 zlh6 ’6 ooA d4= vj p|’jb [kf389’6 ,oa -Erfa [+c]oj ooA d4= vj p|’jb 3I,doa g0kQ ,ulk,lsuj hk mkh ;derkh s^kos^kh l-ju kp vtmy[kp 7elvo0v’xj6 .shI6hIuf 7v’176j v’me sv^ ogxoa 7oq gxoa 0o5 d[a g9kQ gIvn gs,A^ ovh p cI’j I;jq cI’j g8,a gdvn .l.j o cI’j g7,a cI’j 9nf ]k’gmvnj ,fn ]k’gmvjn lvj ’cl’ oE[dq cs’h ,fq wfdh yoxk oE,kd,k xkwfhdyo,qf dfq g0kQ soA ,uskh lluj k, /’6 o’q Ik, 99jn eg,nv|kh gxoa dOrkh 1kj .sgh royj -’a xd5 g7s’a 1kj .s.h ddh ;kh o xd5 gIvn oIkh o 1kj .dmh k’s^;’ [vj o.f0;’ 1kj wfhwx8hv’ Ida roju vh ’ /’6 \\;j6 ’q lk Ida ]’5 8k vk;vkg-vN 37f g-vN zkh s,jq 1kj g]du 9kd7’u wfhg,pfu g\\vn ol[q w40k’ 39

g,pgxoa ok’ z;q o’j5 zkh .\\j okcI’j .spj dkh -EcI’j gs^vn wfhg,p[+fu g\\vn ol[q w4gsda^ g,pxkdgdda z;q o’j5 zkh lvh p okcI’j ovh p dkh -E[+r= wx0d= oy -;j6 oa grojy g;kQ D gxoa 7oq -kp <....> gxoa [vj owfh grojy me[o5 1kj -76j yf.dh wxvk[oE 1kj .sgh lp7o5 ltsq;glp 381kj me[k[ c];h 9’jb g;kQ ;a’.splj u0k .s]h d6 s^ko skp7e3ldglkQ .zzwh6 fh 7e[o5 7emko gxoa 7oq .o 99nj egvqkw;h gIfa -]6 6 .sgh ;kQ ln[wx gIaf-e’e .sIh Po7;k,Ih6 wxmPj ;[kh o g0kq [+,1u e 7oq 8k2k’ g0kq [+,1u kh o [vj oz.h6 spj .sgh [’yj soq mk’ grojy s;’cso .ssh du^ ,oa dvj o 0v’roju vh ’ 1kj wfhwxcmo [vj o[r+ = 1kj wfhwx8hv’ g;kQ csd[kh o 1kj wfhwx0= g;kQ csdg,vn ’ ,oa Izh6 fy czd ’k,c8gj 0kQ ,oa [+,gu Ivn ’ ’k,c8gj ,vn ’ ,oa gxoa lo6 glkQ [vj ogIfa okg\\vn ’ ,gu 9kQ z|h6 ’jb 40

]Ed;kj ooA ສ.ວ.ສ ovh pzvj odoa ]’q g’oy g8,a 4’q 1kj wfhv;fvhk’ zgh6 rojy d;kh ’ ,,u kdd;kj 38 .93,3s rk38,da ,kd xkdwxdvj o ,oa Igh6 xoa de [+gIfa oe ,oa Igh6 xoa [k[ [3+ lrk[ g,vn |kh g,vn s’a^ grojy -’a 38 \\oja mP;wxg;kQ [kh olo6 glkQ ,gu 4kQ sk^ p7oq 1sj6 ^kp7oq ,oa fdu ;kj |vh p g;kQ 9vh pM ,oa voj5 ,oa ooa 1oj6 edoa ,7u o5 roa l’jy 7o5 |’jb ooA 0kh ,oErkpgIvn 7o5 |’jb ooA gsoa glvn gvoU [vd 7o5 |’jb ooA 7;kpmvdg0kQ ok 7o5 |’jb ooA ;k9k4k,gsf 7o5 |’jb ooA 9[q grf7[6 k 7o5 |’jb ooA ]k-kpfq .spj 7o5 |’jb ooA wfwh 8sj qomk’ 7o5 |’jb ooA wf;h k’0v’/kd 7o5 |’jb ooA /kdpojn l’jy 0v’ 7o5 |’jb ooA zxy v’0.= -h 7o5 |’jb ooA .-gh [’yj 8k’8k xrj6 Po9k r7= ;oc8oj vh p g;kQ 9vh pM [vdc8rj 7= P’ voa .srh P’ ,7u o5 rgy lf 8’A l’a g0f ,oa pnfpk;wd 8t388’A 9kwx[fq .\\j s^ko.spcj ]h; .sh97nj elvo gxoa vkrvo o7y ,q [kh oovd 41

10j6 v[0vd <...> 7k;,N7k;7no 7o5 g0kq ,u oedoa Ivh pl’jy 7o5 |’jb ooA /kd-kh ’d[a 7;kp 7o5 |’jb ooA wxdkpc;9j vf 7o5 |’jb ooA Ivfc];h 0o= vo 7o5 |’jb ooA wx;vo0g= 0kQ 7o5 |’jb ooA wxg;kQ 0g= dvn 7o5 |’jb ooA 1,n gIvn 0kh ,oE 7o5 |’jb ooA 1,n -ErkpgIvn [kf38dkp gxoa mk’sk^ pgloA g;kQ [+wfh -Eg]kjq 7no4k, gxoa 7oq ’k, soq mk’[vd-jn 9nwj fhc]h; 9’bj wfhw8wj xD .z[+wfh dk[xlj6 vosk^ o 1kh oc8gj xoa oymko z;q g,pxk’dvj o 0kh gd[a wfh ]d6 vvj or’a rvo gvkq ,klvo .ogIvn oxkddPh ’ g0kq ]Ph ’w;h -k]d6 7’u 8oq lv’z;q g,p gfou wrxkj d;kh ’ ]d6 ovo7kh ’ .ovfj6 v,rvo ’g6 skjq s^vo 0Bo,kl[a 8vf ryf’6lvf m;jq govN g]pu 8kp r’a rvogsoa rkps^’a 0[q wfh 7k[wxw;h 8|+ kh 7wu 2 lv’z;q g,p gfou wr,kIvf rvoc]oj lvf dPh ;c7’j dPh ;0k 3]sfy 8k cf’ws^gs^vn xkd 42

]d6 vvj oovh p 8kp-kdrfy ’6 g0kq 7fb f6 r’a rvo0[q ]d6 9[a zd6 w;h ];f0kh rvo8kp 7;k,9y[skp rkp38lv’gskjq^ c];h 9’jb gsoa gskjq svh , 8kp0vd7wu 2 doy c|’.9 glpr’a rvom’a ]d6 7;k,voa ooA ,kzd6 l’q lko .s]h d6 sk^ o 9n9j efu,kd <...> ,da ovo8ojn l;kp sqos;kpfkj xvh p 7oq z.h6 f ສ.ວ.ສ 8qd8O]q’fyo gm;tfk [vdsk^ o.szh Ph o .shl5flh;p ,da ovo8onj l;kp xx6j tlq’ z.h6 spzj oh6 vh p g9kQ 1kj IPo f’ja omU d5 7oq m’a p’y -kp 0Bowflh y[luj grojy skdxvh p 8ojn gfdy ]d5 g-kQ vkp95 oq grojy l’ja grojy lvo .soh vofu voa fu;yglf voy g9kQ ooA w;hIhvp-k;xu grojy .srh vo .sh,’aj ,u0Bo 8’A l’a gdf [o5 dkh c8sj ’a^ gxoa glf4u 1kj ,da ovocmh ]ojn d;kj ooA 1kj ovof’ja grojy D 2’a gvkq gpu gsoa grojy ovo 43

IP,]d5 g-kQ |B’g0kQ .l[j kf [-6 kvkf skcd;h m’a lk, .ovkIk, lt4kortg9kQ .og7kQ w,h 8oQ .sp3j rlu .og9fu rtmkfcd;h d6j .o[vj o16j g4’y s;q 38ovo ]k’gmvjn sv^ o r7h= oq md5 wIh groyj 0=wfh g9kQ .smh kowx 8k,;ywl 0v’38,|u vh p c,oj lf5 -vh p c,oj lk,tgoo ,tskg4o g4]k8oq .spj \\\\6 kwdj gxfa dkgxoa g7kQ .smh kog0kQ xtglfu |da |k v5xt,k f’aj 7oq md5 wIh wfh.shg0Qk gxoa mkocddj k []= ;y ko ,,u krI= vh p g9kQ p’a ovh p .s9h 9nj egvqk gxoa legokq .or,6 rdy kf zl6h ts^kf groyj c8’j cx’,k sk7elvo .l.j 9IPoI6h x6sj kwfh c8lj n[8+,k gxoa lfa 9k Ifq sv,I;j ’gIkQ sv,l’yj fvd7fa g7kQ dkh odvj ’[;q mv’ sv,l’yj fvddk’0v’ I’a zkpvpxkj sv,l’yj 7oq zkj w,h mvj ocdoj 9oa cf’ gxoa 0v’cr’ g9kQ 0o5 oda xkf zl6h ts^kf g\\vn ooEg8,a ws p=wx,k [8+ dq [g+= 2vn f g8,a [g+ svn f g\\vn ooEmtg] 7oq glgr wf7h ;k,c]|vh p 44

.97yf7vh p ສ.ວ.ສ xkdooA zoa cx s;q .93do l’jy [A’w,hwzj ]q,raf.lj .[sv6 vdxkd dkompju kd wfgh /kQ c8oj k .sgh /kQ ok 9kskIvh ’govN [+.-gj -Nv oda xkf.l8j oq vaflt9ao xlj6 vosk^ oovh p 1kh o8ej 7hvp me[k[mede 1kh o[+1e .o7v’lyoskh wxrkp|kh me3mf.l3j 8 gxoa 3,3s [k[g;o[1+ kh o x9j6 da 8kh o g,vn |kh 8+wx 3mfxkok 0kh lfa [k[Ikh p ,oa pda pkh p dfa 0kh doy doa f’ja p’y \\oa 0kh ]d6 .omvh ’ gxoa [k[Ikh p g;o8vh ’g,vjn ]o5 x9j6 da xo5 lvos^ko9ew;h xs6j kdwfh .ome,t[qf x[j6 +xfq ln[f76 ’q r=h .97;k,sp=h .og]vjn ’omy ko /’6 ]d6 sk^ o 99nj egvqkw;h rtpvfwmh p’a 3zf3]dk p’a do6 k 3zflfa sk^ p\\j6 ltgfafl6j ;afg-8t;ao rt9v,me vkwlg,nv’cd;h ]3n ]dc];h -lnj k;af4u .omkou ,udtf5,ruf 7oq xkofu g9kQ I’ja g9kQ ,u dtf5,ru z;q g,p[+wIh lv’g4kQ wfh ,u]d6 -kpfP; 45


Like this book? You can publish your book online for free in a few minutes!
Create your own flipbook