THE LANGUAGE SCIENCE

THE LANGUAGE SCIENCE - By: Maqsood Hasni Presented by H. E. Prof. Sufi Niamat Ali Murtazaee Free Abuzar Barqi Kutab’khana July 20171

01- Preface02- No language remains in one state03- The common compound sounds of language04- The identical sounds used in Urdu05- Some compound sounds in Urdu06- Compound sounds in Urdu (2)07- The Idiomatic association of Urdu and English08- The exchange of sounds in some vernacular languages09- The effects of Persian on Modern Sindhi10- The similar rules of making plurals in indigenous and foreign languages11- The common compounds of indigenous and foreign languages2

12- The trend of dropping or adding sounds13- The languages are in fact the result of sounds14- Urdu and Japanese sound’s similarities15- Other languages have a natural link with Japanese’s sounds3

PrefaceMoney, woman and land have made man selfish andmaterialist. Man has been divided socially by socialchiefs, religiously by the cacique of religions, politicallyby the political pundits, linguistically by the so calledlanguage researchers, and with respect to land by thelandlords, and this process is not new but centuries old.Man has been being divided for centuries. In spite ofhaving the same nature, needs and necessities, he is notclose to other human beings. This situation exists in thepresent advanced age with the old intensity. Withrespect to the above mentioned facts, he is not hesitantin shedding blood of other men.We can not deny the scientific and industrial progressmade in the present era. This progress proved helpful inthe welfare and success of man. Despite all thisprogress, if man is not brought close to other human4

beings, every proclamation of progress will bemeaningless. Development every kind stands worthlessand purposeless. The need of time is that man should bebrought near to other man. They may understand oneand others sorrows and lend a helping hand in their hardtime; they may enjoy themselves with the happiness ofothers.It is my assertion, and I have also tested it on the anvil ofexperiment, that languages and dialects are close to oneand other with respect to sounds and many othercharacteristics. Men can be brought closer to oneanother by searching out the similarities found inlanguages.The research data presented in the next pages has beenpublished in prominent periodicals and digests of Urdu inPakistan. It can also be sought out from different forumson internet in Roman script. Professor Niamat Ali hastranslated it into English with his best interest, love and5

ability that can be viewed on different forums of internetie jalt, antimoon.com, thinkers. Talk, open2.net etc.This work has not only been tested on experiment but alot of books have also been consulted before bringing iton the media. Today the work is being presented beforeyou with a deep sense of mirth. I am also sure that thelinguistic researchers will play their role in propagatingthis work for the best interest of unity of human being.I would like to mention here Dr. Nassar Qurashi, Dr.Najeeb Jamal, Dr. Hameed Yazdani, Dr. Sabir Aafaqi, Dr.Mohammad Amin, Dr. Ghulam Shabir Rana, Prof Amjid AliShakar, Prof Zahoor Ahamad Prof. Arshad Shahid and Dr.Mohammad Abdulla Qazi who always appreciate andencourage me for my efforts. Dr. Syed Moen-ur-Rehman(late), Dr. Wafa Rashadi (late) and Dr. Baidil Hiderri(late) can also be never forgotton by me. They hadexpressed their love appreciation and kindness for me6

throughout their life. May Allah bless them everymoment? Prof. Niamat Ali helped me in translation. Prof.Younis Hassan lent me a hand in searching out researchmaterial.On a personal level, my son, Dr. Syed Kanwar Abbas,inspite of his severe shortage of time stood by me atevery step. My lovely daughter Irha Maqsood prayedheart and soul for my success. Last but not the least, mysweet heart, Razia Maqsood Hasni provided me congenialand pleasant atmosphere throughout my research. It isnot possible for me to thank my family who madesacrifices while I was on my table.Maqsood Hasni7

NO LANGUAGE REMAIN IN ONE STATEIt is commonly said that the language has no manystructural dimensions. The determination of alphabetwith respect to writing (Composing) is not correct. Thewriting that is taught abides by fixed and limited lines orrules. But sometimes, it becomes impossible to followthe lines or rules as a whole. For example, a soldier ispassed through the full training of military rules verballyand practically with the With respect to the constructionand formation of alphabet, it is expectation that usingthese rules he would fight against enemy and savehimself. But there is nothing as foolish as this thing is. Nodoubt, all the rules learnt in the training would help infighting strategy but they cannot guarantee success. Inthe battlefield a soldier has to do his task according tochance and condition of the battle field.The case of languages is not different from it. The learnt8

linguistic system and the way of writing are cooperativein writing and speaking. While speaking, the proposedlinguistic system and the way of writing becomeworthless and meaningless. Here only the regular idiomis used and along with it, the present need is kept underconsideration. I very keenly tested and studied a lot ofhand writings written with hand, checked them accordingto the suggested and fixed lines. But the letters did notremain limited to any rule. A,c,d,e,f,g,h,I,j,k,m,n,o,p,q,r,t,yfollowed no system of lines. The same condition can beseen with the languages of Sub-continent. Arabic andPersian are also not exceptions.In English, some letters didn’t give the same sound e.g.,but, put, university, umbrella, is, seen etc. In many otherlanguages the condition is the same.In different passions and conditions, the sound of letterschange. Or they become quite different from each other.In these passions and conditions, the instruments of9

sound and the helping instruments of sound e.g. throat,palate, checks, nose, tongue, mouth, bronchitis, lungsdon’t remain in their exact position because they everpossess the capacity of shirking and stretching. In orderto clear the matter, it seems necessary to offer a fewsituations and conditions:A1- In rage the sound become heavy2- In grief the sound becomes feeble and weak3- In anxiety the sound becomes deranged andunbalanced4- In illness the sound breaks5- When there is some matter with the mind, toneand pronunciation are changed because some passionis related with each matter10

B1- Usual and good mood, the sound remains balanced2- While lying in usual and good mood, the soundexpends. While taking a turn, the sound shrinks.Such changes can be guessed with an extremeconsideration.3- Some people are habitual of speaking while sleeping.Their talks are usually not understood. Its reasonis that the position of instruments of speaking ischanged. Secondly, in the absence of conscious effort,arrangement of words, the stressing and non-stressingof syllabi don’t remain under the accepted system ofgrammar.C1- While walking, sound makes a circle and the addition of11

“N”is made to the words/sounds2- While running the sound disperses3- In running, leaping with rage the sound not onlydepressesbut also divided into odorless pieces4- In running and leaping with joy, the function of nostrilsincreasesD1- Distance and opposite direction make the soundunclear2- The change of direction disturbs the balance of thesound and many forms of dispersion are created4- In anger or in joy the tone and pronunciation arechanged12

5- Tone and pronunciation are also changed by speakingbrisklyE1- The system of sounds is affected because of somedisability in the organs and helping organs of sound2- The diseases of organs of sound or their helpers(Asthma, Bronchitis, the berating problem, Tuberculosis,Phenomena, goiter, nose bone’s abnormal etc) effect thesystemof sounds. In other words, new letters are created3- The absence of all or at least the front 2 teethchanges the soundsFThe organs of speech or their helpers develop and adjustthemselves according to the physical condition or aregion, its climate, etc. In this way, languages aredeprived of many sounds of foreign languages.13

Therefore, while speaking foreign languages, theiroriginal tone and pronunciation are not maintained.Generally the difference of gender is also not sustained.In short, there are a lot of things and matters that don’tlet a system remain in its formal or general or learntdiscipline. There is a distance of heaven and earthbetween theory and practical.In any big culture, thousands of mini-cultures arethriving in their circles with full independence. Thedifference exists in the temperament and needs ofnations. This difference casts its effects on the originalor real things. It is in no way useful to achieve results byignoring the differences.14

CommentsAs a studied linguist, I can only congratulate you for thisinteresting piece of writing. Yes, there are some spellingand syntax mistakes but it is all quite comprehensive andwell explained. I would like to suggest some SearchTerms for you although I am afraid not too many peopleshare our interest in the inner workings of language.This could easily become a dissertation by the way. Ithought you were going to elaborate on how languagefluctuates and changes and was very pleasantlysurprised. Thank you very much for this original piece ofthinking. The Search Terms: Syntax, Variation, Meaning,Content, Sound, Theory, Linguistics, Language, Speech,Structure, Written Language, Spoken Language.Reply · 3 minutes agoSusanne Seiler15

THE COMMOM COMPOUND SOUNDS OF LANGUAGESThe alphabets of languages are fixed words are formedof deformed with respect to these alphabets. Words areused according to the need of point of view. With thechange of point of view, the use and meanings of wordsare also changed. With the change of times andconditions, uses and meanings of words are alsochanged, so much so that their forms are changed evenin their own language this matter is not limited to thewords of a language. The immigrant words also face thesame situation, they fail to sustain their original formsand meanings “Zindgi” is called “Jindgi” in Maivat. InUrdu, we say “Tambakoo”, while in Punjabi it is“Tamakoo”, while in Japani, it is “Tabakoo”. These arethe change of forms; meanings are sustained. Countlessexamples exit of the change with references to formsand meanings. This case is not limited only to some16

languages. No language is exception to it. As the worldcomes closer, the action of the changes of forms andmeanings will take place with the same proportion.Discussion is not required here with reference to thispoint. This matter will be discussed in some other article.At present, the compound sounds of languages are thetopic of our dissuasion.For easiness in expression, languages make use ofcompound sounds. These compound sounds are, in fact,part of their stock of sounds. Without these compoundsounds, the matter of expression remains at loss to getextension. These compound sounds are not limited to anyone language. Along with their original sounds, theselanguages make use of compound sounds with respect totheir own linguistics setup. These compound sounds,unlike the original sounds, are not limited. Nor anyregular list can be prepared of these sounds.If the list of compound sounds is prepared, their number17

would reach hundreds. Some compound sounds make upthe deficieney of basic sounds. Thus these compoundsounds save expression from any still condition that mayoccur for luck of basic sounds. With reference to thispoint, the need of preparing a list of compound soundscannot be ignored/neglected. I could not complete mywork in this chapter. But a humble effort has been made(to advance) in this direction.I have discussed the linguistic communality of languageswith refrence to sounds. I have not included Chinese inthis chapter. Chinese is the greatest language of theworld. And it is the severe need of the present times towork on chimish with respect to the common compundsounds of the other languages of the wold. In this article,examples have been mentioned with reference to the 36common compund sounds:-At, ur, ac / ic / ik / iq, ter, che, chi, ti, di, ion, ra, rda, ee,ba, t, ti, jin, gin, ji, ri, rdi, za, ai, sa, si, tion, ga, gi, ki, la, li,18

ng, na, ni, i/y, ya.Urdu has more than sixty basic sounds. It is devoid of thehundreds of compound sounds relating to the otherlanguages of the world. Urdu is the second greaterlanguage of the world and a large number of nations,group cares, sects, etc. are making it the source ofexpression throughout the world. It would be a verysubtle and useful service of mankind to search outcommon compound sounds of the world by using Urdu asthe base. It is my personal opinion that it would not be awrong opinion that it would not be a wrong action todeclare the common compound sounds the basic stock oflanguages. In this regard very excellent examples ofChinese and Japanese are before us. In other words, itwould be easy to search out the linguistic communality ofthe languages with these references.Aat/at:Urdu: Jamadaat, Havanaat, Nabataat19

English: favourite, manuscriptPunjabi: Pat, rath, zaat, sogaatRajhastani: SamaatBangla: Bhat/bhaat (rice)Saraiki: Part (tray), sangat,Gojri: Kahat, (Khat), chehat (jhati), katHindi: Parbhat (morning), BharatArabic: Saalat, ZakaatAr/ir/aar:Urdu: Raftaar, Irtaka, sarkaar, sangaarBrahvi: Kharwar (grain), AranahPunjabi: Bar, mar, Bazar,Turkey: Birdaha (beer dah ha, once more)English: Urgent, UrbanRajhastani: Sukhban ka Bhartar, Artical20

Daya nir munArabic Rab, Rajay’oon, Arfa, Rafey, Naar (fire)German: are adeur (fragrance) der gastgeber, (host)Saraiki: Oraib (awry), Raab, Andhayara wisarnaPushto: Aazaridal (grieved), Aarzaidal (cheap)Persian: Sangsaar (stone to death), Sarij (thief), Maar,Ramz, Raaz, Her (hot),French: ane adeur (fragrance), Janvier (January)IC / Ik/Ac:Urdu: Tarik, Mubarak, SamajicBrahvi: Koonjak (water hen), phalak, (flower)English: Organic, magic, tragicPushto: Chalak (clever)Arbic Razaq, Khlaq, MalacTar / ter21

Urdu: Behtar, Kamter, Tars, Shatar, ShatranjPersian: Dukhtar, Khatar, AkhtarPunjabi: Sootar, Khatar, ChatarEnglish: Fighter, Master, Daughter, SalaghterPushto: Isteri, MisterySaraiki: Putter, Putri, ChitraGogri: Chitar,Tarkay (by swimming)Sindhi: EeterHindi: Bhauter, Jamtar mantarBangali EstariCha:Urud: Bagichah, Bailchah, Galeechah, chalEnglish: Charm, chalkTurkey: Miinkiim, odugu Kadar cabuc mewm22

kewn ohl duo huhKah dahr cha book(As soon as possible)Punjabi: Sancha, Khancha, Pancha, ochaJapani: Karey da oocha oonoo nadas(He does not take tea)Pushto DachaPothohari ChananiSaraeki ChalayGojri CharPersian ChadarMevati ChaderChi:Urdu: Sandookchi, Bandookchi, KarachiEnglish: Patchy, tuchy23

Turkey: (chi) (my/ mine)ciJapani: Kun cheera (May the day pass in peace)Hachi (eight)Rajastani: Sanchi son lay aaj, Sanchi (true)Choo, ChuUrdu Choola, chuha, chuzaEnglish ChoosePanjabi Chuwani, chucha, chunga, chuwa (rat)Dogri ChachuwaPothohari ChichooSaraeki ChoonaGojri ChootaPersian ChoobDe, Di, The24

Urdu: Baby, Shadi, Abadi, DidarEnglish: Peady, hardyTurkey: Simdi (Shim dee) (now)Punjabi: Band,(Maid-servant),Pandi,(carrier),handi, Gawandi,sarandi(Neighbour), Sarande, KhundiGermany: der govdine (veil), Freude machen(to please)Saraiki: Choondi, (In Punjabi also use this sound)Gojri: Thendi, Khundi, Mundi, DandiIo:English: Vision, division, seasonPersian: Mai, Maiah, Mijgaan, majdahRa:Urdu: Piyara, Sahara, Hamara, Tumhara, Heera25

Brahvi: Juz namak or nij keh Maikarah, Kara(Cultivate the land ave bitterly needa piece of loaf/bread) Torah (loaf)Punjabi: Para, Weera, Wehra, Kehra. (In Gojri alsouse this sound)Japani: Saryo Nara (Allah Hafiz, (Good-bye)Karey kara (Those all men)Arabic: Raas (head), Frash, Jorab (mozey)Maivati: Rakhan (Rakhna)Rajastani: Bhar laden ra oonthPushto: Raglay (come), Rasha (come), Jura (condition)Ee/aiUrdu: Eema, ejaad, larai, pitaePunjabi: Gawai, Mahangai, Sikhai, qasaeSaraiki: Lagai (wife), Parai (Foreign)26

German: Das Gebiet (area). Plesen (Pilot)English: Fry, applyGojri: Bahi, Sahi, KahiPothohari: Charkhi, Takni, ApniJapani: Ippai (one cup)Ba:Urdu: Bahar, bar, (weight), Bazar, BajaPunjabi: Bazar, Bamni (a worm), bha’arEnglish: Ball, balmJapani: Kun Ban wa (Good night)Bain Kyoshi Takeray baTo speak Japani is necessary),TabakooPersian: Ba (with) ba murad, ba hawalaArabic: Misbah (lamp), Loban,27

Saraiki: Bara (air), Bankari, Bah (fire)Maivati: BangPushto: Bandey, bar (luggeage), KharbarTi/Te/Ty:Urdu: Jhati, Ghati, miti, dumbi setiBaithic (A room to sit)English: Duty, beauty,Daramatic, poetic, gernetic phoneticBeautiful, Dutiful, TeachFrench: UitePunjabi: Khoti, Soti, roti, totti, totiBrahvi: Roti, botiPothuhari Khaloti, langgotiGojri: Dharti, Chati28

Jin/ Gan:Urdu: Darjin, Mazajin, SajanEnglish: Hydrojen, NitrogenPunjabi: SajjanGermani: Frangen (to ask), Frangan (To start)Hindi: BhoganPersian: DargenJapani: Kun Jun (soldier)Urdu: SahaganEnglish: begun, sloganPunjabi: JoganSaraiki: Ogan, Jagan, HaganJiUrdu: Samaji, haji, pajiEnglish: Strategy, Biology, idealogy29

Saraiki: BhajiPunjabi: Khoji, PoonjiJapani: Gi bi ki (dictionary)Ri/Ry:Urdu: Hamari, Tumhari, PyariEnglish: Battery, historyPunjabi: Bhoori, Khari, Lari (bride), Mari,Saraiki: Kawari Bhari, Choorri (cured hair)French: Libre (free), crineRa:Urdu: Pakora, Kulhara, tokraEnglish: Electra, spectraPunjabi: Sara (burnt), Shora, WehraSaraiki: Bhara, (Toure), Phara (wooden palnk)30

Ri:Urdu: Sari, Gari, PhalwariEnglish: Necessary, CompulsoryPunjabi: Mari, Tagri (strong)Saraiki: Mari (palace), Kori (lier)WaUrdu Hu’nawa, Wala, howa, kehwaEnglish Wall, warm, warPushto WachoohPunjabi Wari, waryaSaraeki WaatArabic RawakPersian NawaZa:Urdu: Maza, Mirza, Riza31

Pothuhari: Pizar (Shoe)Saraiki: Zahir (evident)Japani: Sorey dazshi (Is that a periodicle)English: Bonanza, StanzaPersian: Azar, KhazanArabic: Zaz yakhPushto: Saza (punishment), DarzaZi:Urdu : Pozi, FeroziEnglish: Nazi, fantasyBrahvi: GaziTurkey: Sizi as kadazimlataiz tivaiym.Germani: die breise (separation)Sa:Urdu: Sahin, Sadgi, Samaan, Samde32

English: Saw, SanceBrahvi: Kadar Kumak, Nusha hna(may nature protect you)Punjabi: Sang (disguise), SanchaRajustani: Saga, sarey, sageySaraiki: SaenArabic: Hasa (Enening)Persian: SariqFrench: le Samedi (week)Maivati: Sanjh, Saro, SathPushto: Aisa pasha (wait)Chup o sa (be silent)Gojri: Saran (all, whole)Si: (Two sounds zay and see)Urdu: Sunyasi, Piyasi, odasi, pardaysi33

English: Agency, policy, democracyBrahvi: Si (thirty)Rajastani: Many to esi hyasiFrench: Une accent (tone)Germani: de franjose (French)Maivati: sisi (bottle)Shun:Urdu: RoshanHindi DarshanPersian: GulshanEnglish: Action, nation, promotionJapani: Shan Dashta (Earthquake came)Germani: die koongugationdie komission (committee)French: Une of fection (love)34

Gay:Urdu: Dhargay, BhagayEnglish: Game, gayPunjabi: Bugay, ThagayRajastani: Sagay, LagayJaUrdu BajaEnglish JawPunjabi Jai, waja, ManjaPothohari: JawanhSaraeki WajaGojri SujhaArabic FanjaPersian JaamJo35

Urdu Jolani, Jowani, jognoEnglish JokePushto Na’jorahPunjabi Joga (Same in Saraeki and Gojri)Pothohari JorArbic JowafPersian JoJoo, JuUrdu Jutha, Jang’jooEnglish JupiterPushto RowajunaPunjabi JuthayPothohar JooraSaraeki HunjuGojri Jooh36

Arbic JoraabPersian JooGi:Urdu: Saadgi, pakizgi, tazgiEnglish: Geaser, givePunjabi: Changi, Sargi, Waji, LagiRajastani: Mun ki lagi BhujaeyMaivati: Jindgi (life)Saraiki: Jogi, Rangi (coloured)Ki:Urdu: Barki, Silki, HarkiPunjabi TharkiEnglish: StochiometryTurki: Kiani (Keyme) (of some body)Japani: Ogeen ki day, Datashi waga kawa eeki mas37

(We go to school)Brahvi: Shareeki-e-mal un bemaliSa shray. (The combine a propertyis very bad).Germani: des Best oke (Knife, spoon)Saraiki: Bharki (flame), Makki, sakkiRajastani: Lay balam ki baat suniPothohari Mi’kiLa:Urdu: La’obali, La’jawaab, La’zwal, sholaBrahvi: Lari (Motor, bus)Punjabi: Baila, thaila, mailaSaraiki: Otala (confusion), Agla, PehlaArabic: La’raiba, La’alahaFrench: Iola38

Persian LalaLi:Urdu: Pamali, Rakhwali, SaliEnglish: Friendly, lovely, excitedlyPunjabi: Sawali, Boli, Jhali, olliBrahvi: Loli (lor)Saraiki: Otali (hurry) khali, choliRajastani: Sooraj ke chupian paliFrench: homme poli (a kind mand)Je ne parte pas (I don’t speak)Turki: Tebrikler (Tabrecklehr)Lo/LooUrdu Kuch tu bolo, Pura tolo,TarkhalogyAaloo, kachaloo, bhalooEnglish Biology, pithalogy39

Punjabi Lolo, Lo’on Tamaloo, patalooNg:Urdu: Tang, Jang, Tarang, palangEnglish: Bouling, Thinking, BoatingBrahvi: Fiker utay sabak kiningDagmatey jaderifinka(Grief and worries destroy life)Punjabi: Bang, Mung, tang, khangRajastani: Plang pe sutti jaeySaraiki: Patang (Muth), Jaang (arm) Jang (thigh)Persian: Gung (bumb) sang (stone)Hindi Sangni (sathi,bivi, mahboba)Na:Urdu: Rona, sona, khana, nabhana, namazEnglish: Banana40

Punjabi: Namana, wanjana, lana, saranaSaraiki: LaganaJapani: Sayo nara (adieu)Persian: Na’tawani, Na’saaz, nazArabic: Nar (Fire), Rabbana (Ay meray Rab)Rajustani: Na Dhulat roeyMaivati: MojoodnahaNi:Urdu: Purani, Suhani, Mashar-daniEnglish: NecessaryJapani: Koni din waga a aremasPunjabi: Madhani, Jaithani, RaniPersian: Garani, Seeni (tray)Saraiki: Pani (charity)41

Ai, ay:Urdu: Salai, Kurhai, Patai, laraeEnglish: Apply, try, dryBrahvi: Kupa, Jatai, NadeyPunjabi: Laibhujai, Kamai, PiswaiRajastani: Dooji Terya biah la eyFrench: a peineYa:Urdu: Borya, Soya, boya, mitayaEnglish: Yam, yaueghtPunjabi: Suhaya, ParayaSaraiki: AngyaRajastani: Dooji Terya biah la eyPersian: Badban, GoyyaArabic: Ya Nabi Allah, ya Allah (In Arabic Ya is used For calling)42

THE IDENTICAL SOUNDS USED IN URDUExpression is related with the system oforganic/interrelated and strong sounds of a language.Every sound gets attention or man’s attention istransferred to it or it is to get attention. The languagesthat have not some sounds get their purpose fulfilledthrough alternative or compound sounds. The flexibilityof a language is directly related to the organism, gravityand strength of the system of sounds. The linguisticsflexibility widens the circles of expression.Foreign words are adjusted so beautifully that they don’tseem foreign. Furthermore, when foreign words areadjusted in a language, their meanings are also change.No Arab, can accept ‘Aasami’ as singular. Pailein, jugoon,Aadvicsain or Aadviyzain etc. will not be accepted asEnglish words by any English man. Jandgi, moto, mazo,hajoor etc. will not be recognized as Urdu words by Urdu43

speakers. The Arab accepts hooras plural. Horain,shoroon are no words for them. Taambakoo is notunknown to the Urdu speakers. While in Punjabi, Tamakoand in Japani Tabakoo are spoken. In other words, losetheir real/original form. In new, other then language,meanings are also changed.Urdu contains more than sixty sounds in its stricpt.That’s why Urdu is the most flexible language of theworld. It has adopted countless local as well as foreignwords by making proper changes in them according toits own set up. Furthermore, in spite of so muchflexibility, it is a very easy task to learn Urdu. A slightexercise of a few days does not cause of disappointment.After learning it, a link can be established with a hugepopulation of the world.In the follow following, sounds of Urdu are stated. Facilityand ease, the relevant examples of the sounds are alsowritten. Urdu has the capacity to absorb more than44

stated sounds in it:Alif ab, sarmaya, karmfarmaBae Ball, tabiyat, habab, labPae Pamal, tup, AlapTae Tabasam, ikhtayar refatTae Toot, Atal, BantSae Sabat, Sawab, WarisJeem Janab, Ajnabi, jifaChae Church, charcha, charkh, kharchHai Hukam, hasan, Ahbab, jarahKhaay Khabar, khatar, Akhwam, charkhDal dil, Dag, Adwar, TadadZal Zikar, Zail, Zulafqar, ZakarRay Rubab, Azar, KafirArry Jakra, Aaru45

Zay Noroz, Zuban, AjzaDal Doll, dhol, DalnaYae Yalah, mejgaan, meyaSeen Sarab, khasta, piyasSheen Sharaab, sharaap, naqsha, jumbashSuad Subh, saf, arsa, fursatZuad Zaeef, raza, raizToen Talak, galat, khatarZoen Zalim, Haz, GhalizAn Ishq, aeb, tayush, maloomGaen Galit, magfrat, pag, tagafilFay faraq, refah, fikar, farezKaf Kalm, taqaza, warq, niqaab, yaqeenKaf kamzoor, takabar, tazkeer,ro’akGaf Girya, pagla, sagar, rag46

Laam lab, shola, wakeelMeem Maihshar, umar, kadeem, kadamatWa Wafa, waqfa, wajahat,warm, hawaHay Halaq, kushta, shagufta, sadaHumza kisa-e-parina, julwa-e-gul, ja-e-panaYe Sadiqi, masiha, yakeenYe Kahey, laway, khaye,ja’ayBhay Bhool, bha’ay, bhala, bhula bhutkaPhay Phool, phawar, phir, phulaThay Thaal, thana, thum, thakThay Thala, thath, thakarJhay Jogh, jharoka, jhar, jehangarShay Poosh, ushal, kush, shalkaDhay Dhool, dhamaka, dhamal, dhokaDhay Dhal, dhanp, dhool47

Rh Doorha, darhi, bhuriKhay Khula, khiaal, khanaGhay Ghayo, ghaeal, ghe, ghataZabar Hal, Zalim, Sakoon, salam, lazat, khalwatZeir Aalim, zamana, jumbi, SabitAy In the form relativity zeir gives the sound ofye. For example:Hal-e-dil, Nisha-e-ulfat, Ja-e-panaPash Ustaad, uthna, boot, suljhao, uljhaoJazam Naksh, shab, shabab, hababShad Aayam, lazzat, muhabatMud Aazmaish, Aaya, AaludaTanween Fo’ran, jab’ran, Aad’tan, jawab’an, mazaj’anKhari zabar Aadna, Aala, dawaKhari zeir Gayanahi, nafsayhi, moshuba’bayhi48

Aadgam bilgunna. The combination of noon and meem e.g.Umber, Dumbala, dumba, tambuIn murakab-e-utfi wa’o creates the sound of uoo:shab-o-rooz, jah-o-jalal, ezzat-ehtram, sabar-o-shakirSome compound sounds produce one sound i.e. aur, Aalifand wa’o have changed into an.49

SOME COMPOUND SOUNDS IN URDULanguages make their native words with their ownsounds. But they use compound sounds to pronouncesome foreign words that can’t be spoken in single nativesounds. Though these compounds are not basic, eventhen they have a great importance, and their need can’tbe ignored. These compound sounds remove the solsticeof expression of any type. We take Urdu that has morethan sixty sounds of its own. No other language enjoysitself with so many sounds. It’s some native sounds areexpressed by compound sounds by some other local andforeign languages. For example, English uses ion forzay-e-Farsi (ye), ch for chay, sh for shein. However theuse of parallel sounds is also very common. For example,Arabic uses bay for pay. It is the behavior not only ofArabic or English; other languages of the world are alsono exception behavior.50