Hồi Ký Nguyễn Hiến Lê

["m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0a h\u1ecd ra t\u00f2a; th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea3nh c\u00e1o h\u1ecd th\u00f4i ch\u1edb kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0a ra t\u00f2a; t\u00f2a kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eaft giam h\u1ecd, tr\u1eebng tr\u1ecb h\u1ecd (tr\u1eeb v\u00e0i tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t) n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea3ng. Giai c\u1ea5p y\u00ean th\u00e2n nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 giai c\u1ea5p v\u00f4 gia c\u01b0, v\u00f4 ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p. T\u00f4i n\u00f3i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t anh b\u1ea1n h\u1ecdc c\u0169, l\u00e0m \\\"t\u00f2a\\\" - danh t\u1eeb m\u1edbi l\u00e0 g\u00ec, t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft - r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1eddi Chu \u1edf Trung hoa, h\u00ecnh ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1eed b\u1ecdn d\u00e2n \u0111en, c\u00f2n b\u1ecdn qu\u00ed t\u1ed9c c\u00f3 t\u1ed9i th\u00ec h\u1ecd x\u1eed l\u1ea7n nhau b\u1eb1ng \\\"l\u1ec5\\\" t\u1ee9c t\u1ee5c l\u1ec7 ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u00e2u: H\u00ecnh b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ea1i phu, l\u1ec5 b\u1ea5t h\u00e1 th\u1ee9 d\u00e2n. B\u00e2y gi\u1edd ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a giai c\u1ea5p v\u00f4 s\u1ea3n. M\u00e0 c\u00f3 l\u1ebb \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 n\u1eefa ch\u0103ng? T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9. Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdp nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eeda hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00f3 ngay khi qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t, nh\u01b0ng m\u00e3i \u0111\u1ebfn 1981, m\u1edbi ban b\u1ed1 hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p m\u1edbi, c\u00f2n b\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt th\u00ec ch\u1eafc ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ee3i nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m n\u1eefa. VII. Ngo\u1ea1i Giao V\u1ec1 ngo\u1ea1i giao n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ee9ng h\u1eb3n v\u1ec1 phe c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n ng\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o Vi\u1ec7t nam m\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf s\u1ebd ch\u1eadm. Khi Mi\u00ean, Vi\u1ec7t h\u1ee5c h\u1eb7c nhau \u1edb bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi (nghe n\u00f3i t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u n\u0103m 1976?) th\u00ec t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean; r\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ea7u n\u0103m 1979, Trung hoa \u0111em qu\u00e2n t\u00e0n ph\u00e1 m\u1ea5y t\u1ec9nh c\u1ef1c b\u1eafc c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh th\u00ec ai c\u0169ng ch\u00e1n n\u1ea3n, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i \u1edf B\u1eafc. Th\u1ebf n\u00e0y th\u00ec t\u00ecnh anh em trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1eb9p g\u00ec h\u01a1n t\u00ecnh gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n v\u1edbi nhau \u01b0? Lu\u00f4n tr\u00ean hai ch\u1ee5c n\u0103m t\u1eeb 1950 \u0111\u1ebfn 1974, Trung hoa h\u1ebft l\u00f2ng gi\u00fap m\u00ecnh th\u1eafng th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p, r\u1ed3i M\u0129 m\u00e0 m\u1edbi ba n\u0103m sau khi th\u1eafng M\u0129, Hoa Vi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00e3 cho\u1ea3ng nhau l\u00e0 ngh\u0129a l\u00ed g\u00ec? Nguy\u00ean do \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u? C\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3o t\u1ea1i trong hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh Paris, m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 Trung hoa, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd c\u1ea3 M\u0129 n\u1eefa, \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn ng\u1ea7m v\u1edbi nhau v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 r\u1ed3i m\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng gi\u1eef l\u1eddi h\u1ee9a, n\u00ean Trung hoa ph\u1ea3i \\\"ra tay\\\" v\u00e0 M\u0129 \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda Trung hoa. C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i v\u1eady ch\u0103ng? M\u00e0 th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn ng\u1ea7m \u0111\u00f3 ra sao? C\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea1i b\u1ea3o t\u1ea1i m\u1edbi th\u1eafng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c M\u0129, m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 c\u1ea3 b\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea3o \u0110\u00f4ng d\u01b0\u01a1ng, l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o Mi\u00ean, L\u00e0o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ed1c ch\u1eb7n \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c Trung hoa kh\u00f4ng cho ti\u1ebfn xu\u1ed1ng mi\u1ec1n \u0110\u00f4ng nam \u00c1. C\u00f2n theo ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 t\u1ea1i Trung hoa mu\u1ed1n b\u00e0nh tr\u01b0\u1edbng xu\u1ed1ng \u0110\u00f4ng nam \u00c1 m\u00e0 https:\/\/thuviensach.vn","m\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu l\u1ec7 thu\u1ed9c n\u00ean h\u1ecd x\u00fai Mi\u00ean ph\u00e1 m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 \u0111\u00edch th\u00e2n qu\u1ea5y r\u1ed1i m\u00ecnh n\u1eefa. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng sao bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng b\u00ed m\u1eadt ngo\u1ea1i giao, qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1. C\u1ee9 tu\u00e2n l\u1ec7nh ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 th\u00f4i. V\u00e0 to\u00e0n d\u00e2n ph\u1ea3i tu\u00e2n l\u1ec7nh ch\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi k\u1ebb th\u00f9 c\u1ea3 hai ph\u00eda: ph\u00eda t\u00e2y nam v\u00e0 ph\u00eda b\u1eafc. M\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ed1ng n\u1ed5i v\u1edbi Trung hoa, ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i nh\u1edd c\u1eady Nga, \u0111\u1ee9ng h\u1eb3n v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda Nga, m\u00e0 Nga v\u1ed1n b\u1ea5t h\u00f2a v\u1edbi Trung hoa t\u1eeb 1960. Nga b\u1ed7ng nhi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng c\u0103n c\u1ee9 qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t \u1edf \u0110\u00f4ng nam \u00c1 v\u00e0 s\u00e1t bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi Trung hoa, t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 m\u01a1 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1edbi, s\u1eb5n l\u00f2ng gi\u00fap m\u00ecnh li\u1ec1n. Tr\u00e1nh l\u1ec7 thu\u1ed9c Trung hoa th\u00ec m\u00ecnh l\u1ea1i l\u1ec7 thu\u1ed9c Nga, v\u1eady l\u00e0 b\u1ea1n \u1edf xa m\u00e0 k\u1ebb th\u00f9 \u1edf g\u1ea7n. L\u1ea1i th\u00eam, kh\u1eafp \u0110\u00f4ng \u00c1, t\u1eeb Nh\u1eadt b\u1ea3n, Phi lu\u1eadt t\u00e2n t\u1edbi M\u00e3 lai \u00e1, Indon\u00e9sia, Th\u00e1i lan kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng ng\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 Nga c\u00f3 c\u0103n c\u1edb qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 \u1edf mi\u1ec1n n\u00e0y, n\u00ean c\u00f3 \u00e1c c\u1ea3m r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t v\u1edbi m\u00ecnh. T\u00f4i ng\u1ea1i r\u1ed3i \u0111\u00e2y \u0110\u00f4ng \u00c1 s\u1ebd bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh T\u00e2y \u00c1 \u0111\u1ec3 cho t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n tranh nhau \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng. V\u1eady l\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn tranh th\u1ee9 nh\u00ec c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c m\u00ecnh m\u1edbi ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0i n\u0103m th\u00ec chi\u1ebfn tranh th\u1ee9 ba \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u. T\u1eeb c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng th\u00e1ng 8 n\u0103m 1945 \u0111\u1ebfn nay \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00ean 35 n\u0103m r\u1ed3i, g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 chi\u1ebfn tranh li\u00ean mi\u00ean, b\u00e2y gi\u1edd c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu h\u1ecda binh \u0111ao m\u1ea5y ch\u1ee5c n\u0103m n\u1eefa? Kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c n\u00e0o kh\u1ed5 nh\u01b0 m\u00ecnh. C\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ebfn thi\u1ebft qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u00e0nh ch\u1eadm l\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, kinh t\u1ebf s\u1ebd xu\u1ed1ng d\u1ed1c n\u1eefa. Trong cu\u1ed9c h\u1ed9i h\u1ecdp m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \u1edf H\u00e0 n\u1ed9i, c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e0n n\u00e0n: \u201cNous payons notre idiotie\\\" (14). Nghe n\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 cao c\u1ea5p \u1edf B\u1eafc vi\u1ec7t trong m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1i \u0111o\u00e0n ngo\u1ea1i giao qua \u00dd, b\u1ecf ph\u00e1i \u0111o\u00e0n m\u00e0 xin t\u1ecb n\u1ea1n ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 v\u1edbi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi r\u1eb1ng l\u00ed do ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec \u00f4ng ta ch\u00e1n ng\u00e1n v\u00ec th\u1ea5y Vi\u1ec7t nam c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng binh b\u1ecb m\u1ea1nh th\u1ee9 s\u00e1u tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi m\u00e0 v\u1ec1 kinh t\u1ebf th\u00ec \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u00e0o h\u00e0ng m\u01b0\u1eddi n\u01b0\u1edbc ngh\u00e8o nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Cao mi\u00ean v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 L\u00e0o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng cho d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c m\u00ecnh. C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Cao mi\u00ean v\u1eabn c\u00f2n v\u1eafng hoe, d\u00e2n t\u1ea3n c\u01b0 ch\u01b0a v\u1ec1 bao nhi\u00eau, thi\u1ebfu \u0111i\u1ec7n, thi\u1ebfu n\u01b0\u1edbc, ch\u1ee3 b\u00faa l\u00e8o t\u00e8o \u00edt ng\u01b0\u1eddi, nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan th\u00ec m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t, ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m h\u1ebft m\u1ecdi vi\u1ec7c cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi Mi\u00ean; d\u00e2n ch\u00fang mi\u1ec5n c\u01b0\u1ee1ng theo ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 m\u00ecnh ch\u1ee9 100 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00ec c\u1ea3 100 ch\u1ec9 mong Sihanouk v\u1ec1. M\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y Nga \u0111\u1ed5 v\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00ecnh s\u00e1u tri\u1ec7u r\u00fap hay M\u0129 kim (?) th\u00ec m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed5 v\u00e0o chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng B\u1eafc vi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 Cao mi\u00ean bao nhi\u00eau? XIII. T\u00f4n Gi\u00e1o V\u1ec1 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 l\u00e0 t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng t\u1ef1 do t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng, mi\u1ec5n l\u00e0 c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1i y\u00ean \u1ed5n t\u1ee5ng ni\u1ec7m. https:\/\/thuviensach.vn","M\u1ea5y n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f3 v\u00e0i s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t h\u00f2a, xung \u0111\u1ed9t nh\u1ecf, d\u1eb9p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ngay (b\u1eaft m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tu s\u0129 C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o), v\u00e0 hai ba n\u0103m nay ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n tr\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i ch\u00f9a chi\u1ec1n cho gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i, kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng l\u00e0m n\u01a1i h\u1ed9i h\u1ecdp n\u1eefa; \u1edf v\u00e0i n\u01a1i t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3 t\u1edbi ch\u00f9a kh\u00e1 \u0111\u00f4ng, r\u1ea5t \u00edt \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng. Nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 tu h\u00e0nh ho\u00e0n t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ec3 m\u01b0u sinh. C\u0169ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u01b0\u1ee3t bi\u00ean. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n h\u1ea1ng kh\u1ea5t s\u0129 n\u1eefa, h\u1ecd t\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i t\u00e1n, m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i m\u1ed7i n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ebfm \u0103n. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh c\u1edfi m\u1edf h\u01a1n Trung hoa. \u0110\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c theo t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00fang gi\u1ed7 t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p \\\"t\u01b0\u1edfng ni\u1ec7m\\\" (sic) m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed1t nhang, kh\u00f4ng v\u00e1i, ai mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m gi\u1ed7 \u00f4ng b\u00e0 th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eeda l\u00e0m l\u00e9n. Ch\u00fa th\u00edch [1] Danh t\u1eeb n\u00e0y d\u1ecbch t\u1eeb danh t\u1eeb soci\u00e9t\u00e9 socialiste c\u00faa Ph\u00e1p. Nghe k\u1ef3 c\u1ee5c l\u1eafm. Ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 danh t\u1eeb soci\u00e9t\u00e9 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, \u0111o\u00e0n th\u1ec3, do soci\u00e9t\u00e9 m\u00e0 c\u00f3 danh t\u1eeb social, thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, \u0111o\u00e0n th\u1ec3, c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, \u0111o\u00e0n th\u1ec3, r\u1ed3i social l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebb ra danh t\u1eeb socialisme \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ecf nh\u1eefng ch\u00fa ngh\u0129a nh\u1eb1m thay \u0111\u1ed5i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n m\u1ed9t ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 s\u1edf h\u1eefu t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ebf c\u00e1i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng th\u1ee3 thuy\u1ec1n. T\u00f4i th\u1ea5y ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc ta ng\u00e0y nay, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u1ee7a Nga, Trung hoa... c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t kh\u00e1c c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n l\u00e0 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3ng ch\u1ec9 huy t\u1eadp th\u1ec3, d\u00e2n l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 (theo l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft), s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u1eadp th\u1ec3. n\u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ed1c doanh, h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c x\u00e3 n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, x\u00ed nghi\u1ec7p qu\u1ed1c doanh, ho\u1eb7c c\u00f4ng t\u01b0 h\u1ee3p doanh, t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t... nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u1ec3 cho c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u1ecf t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n n\u1eafm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t m\u00e0 b\u00f3c l\u1ed9t v\u00f4 s\u1ea3n n\u1eefa. C\u00f2n v\u1ec1 qui t\u1eafc: c\u00f3 l\u00e0m th\u00ec c\u00f3 \u0103n, kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng \u0103n; l\u00e0m theo kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng, h\u01b0\u1edfng theo s\u1ee9c m\u00ecnh l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c g\u00ec x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n, ngay \u0111\u1ebfn t\u01b0 s\u1ea3n c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u0169ng v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng (\u00edt nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 tr\u00ean l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft), h\u01a1n n\u1eefa, c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n c\u1ea3 cho con ch\u00e1u, ch\u1ec9 kh\u00e1c ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n l\u00e0 n\u00f3 b\u1ecb h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1ecfi b\u1ecb l\u1ea1m d\u1ee5ng m\u00e0 b\u00f3c l\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o, th\u1ebf th\u00f4i. V\u00ec v\u1eady t\u00f4i ngh\u0129 ch\u1eb3ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i d\u1ecbch s\u00e1t m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng danh t\u1eeb x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 thay danh t\u1eeb x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a. X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n, nh\u01b0 v\u1eady xu\u00f4i h\u01a1n l\u00e0 n\u00f3i x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n. [2] C\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y ng\u00e0y nay c\u00f2n ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c kh\u00f4ng hay ch\u1ec9 r\u1ea7n r\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi, qu\u1ed1c gia th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t r\u1ed3i th\u00ec ngh\u01b0ng y nh\u01b0 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 \u1edf https:\/\/thuviensach.vn","Trung hoa. [3] T\u1ee9c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh. \u1ede mi\u1ec1n Nam c\u00f3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Trung (t\u1eeb Qu\u1ea3ng tr\u1ecb tr\u1edf v\u00f4) c\u00f3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Hu\u1ebf. V\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh ch\u00e1nh th\u00e0nh h\u1ed1 ch\u1ec9 ngang v\u1edbi t\u1ec9nh, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ecb x\u00e3 Long xuy\u00ean ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ec9 ngang v\u1edbi c\u00e1c huy\u1ec7n trong t\u1ec9nh An giang, th\u1ecb x\u00e3 C\u1ea7n th\u01a1 ch\u1ec9 ngang v\u1edbi c\u00e1c huy\u1ec7n trong t\u1ec9nh H\u1eadu giang. Nh\u01b0ng v\u00ec th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh \u1edf trung \u01b0\u01a1ng mi\u1ec1n Nam, n\u00ean quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n c\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u01a1 quan l\u00f3n, nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 cao c\u1ea5p, th\u01b0\u1eddng tri\u1ec7u l\u1eadp c\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ebf x\u00e9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i chung, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 coi nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e0n anh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh. Tuy nhi\u00ean, do ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u0111ia ph\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb, m\u1ed7i t\u1ec9nh, m\u1ed7i huy\u1ec7n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb n\u00ean th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n g\u00ec \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u00ednh c\u1ea3. Do \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edbi c\u00f3 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y: th\u00e1ng 8-1980 t\u1ec9nh An giang kh\u00f4ng theo \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb c\u00faa th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh, t\u1ef1 \u00fd t\u0103ng gi\u00e1 xe \u0111\u00f2 t\u1eeb Long xuy\u00ean \u0111i th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh, t\u1eeb 4 \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u00ean 20 \u0111\u1ed3ng, trong khi th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 v\u1eabn gi\u1eef gi\u00e1 c\u0169 4 \u0111\u1ed3ng. C\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc xe \u0111\u00f2, khi \u0111i l\u00ean S\u00e0i g\u00f2n thu c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh kh\u00e1ch 20 \u0111\u1ed3ng m\u00e0 l\u01b0\u1ee3t v\u1ec1 ch\u1ec9 thu 4 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u00f4i trong m\u1ea5y th\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ea7u. Sau th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 c\u0169ng t\u0103ng gi\u00e1 l\u00ean 20. \u1ede Trung ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch ch\u1eafc c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. \u1ede B\u1eafc th\u00ec t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft. [4] Ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n r\u1ea5t coi tr\u1ecdng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y. C\u1ee9 m\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n xin m\u1ed9t vi\u00eac quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc, ch\u1ed7 \u1edf... \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i khai l\u00ed l\u1ecbch. \u1ede B\u1eafc c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong 25 n\u0103m khai c\u1ea3 tr\u0103m l\u1ea7n (!) [5] Ch\u1ec9 \u1edf th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 II\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh, d\u00e2n th\u01b0\u1eddng (kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00e1n b\u1ed9, c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean) m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i g\u1ea1o, bo bo, khoai m\u00ec\u2026 cho t\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7u n\u0103m 1980 th\u00f4i, \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i g\u00ec h\u1ebft. [6] Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u00ec th\u1ea7m v\u1edbi nhau: s\u1ebd t\u0103ng l\u00ean t\u1edbi 10.000$, t\u1ee9c 5 tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u0169. (Gi\u1eefa n\u0103m 1981, \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng l\u00ean 17.000$. C\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00fa th\u00eam ng\u00e0y 1-7- 81) [7] Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 h\u1ecdc m\u00e0 v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0103n l\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean. Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 r\u00fat ng\u1eafn. [8] M\u1ed9t c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 t\u00e0i ch\u00e1nh x\u00e3 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft chia 72 cho 24. Trong m\u1ed9t bu\u1ed5i h\u1ed9i h\u1ecdp c\u00faa H\u1ed9i tr\u00ed th\u00fac th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh, m\u1ed9t k\u0129 s\u01b0 gi\u00e0 b\u1ef1c m\u00ecnh v\u00ec t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 \u0111a s\u1ed1 d\u1ed1t n\u00e1t, b\u1ea3o: \\\"T\u00f4i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn v\u00f4 s\u1ea3n chuy\u00ean ch\u00ednh, m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn v\u00f4 h\u1ecdc chuy\u00ean ch\u00ednh\u201d. Ngay chi\u1ec1u h\u00f4m \u0111\u00f3 \u00f4ng ta b\u1ecb b\u1eaft giam; sau c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea3 ra. [9] B\u00eca l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed5 ri\u00eang \u0111\u1ec3 mua nhu y\u1ebfu ph\u1ea9m nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 c\u1ea5p trung h\u1ea1. https:\/\/thuviensach.vn","[10] Ni\u00ean kh\u00f3a 1981-1982 \u1edf An giang m\u1ed7i h\u1ecdc sinh t\u1eeb m\u1eabu gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ebft c\u1ea5p III (l\u1edbp 12) \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00f3ng h\u1ecdc ph\u00ed 3 \u0111\u1ed3ng m\u1ed9t th\u00e1ng. [11] Nh\u01b0ng t\u1edbi l\u1edbp 12 th\u00ec s\u1ed1 h\u1ecdc sinh l\u1ea1i k\u00e9m n\u0103m 1974 xa. [12] H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u01a1 quan n\u00e0o c\u0169ng v\u1eady: kinh t\u1ebf (ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng), th\u1ee7y l\u1ee3i\u2026, n\u0103m n\u00e0o c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o th\u00eam nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean m\u00e0 v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 v\u00ec h\u1ecd th\u00f4\u1ecb nhi\u1ec1u qu\u00e1. M\u1ed9t c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 b\u00e1o: c\u00f3 v\u1eady th\u00ec nh\u00e0 gi\u00e1o m\u1edbi c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ee9. [13] T\u00f4i l\u1ea7m. Gi\u1eefa n\u0103m 1981, v\u00ec \u1edf kh\u1eafp c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1, th\u1ecb x\u00e3, c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed3i tr\u1ee5y, b\u0103ng nh\u1ea1c ng\u1ee5y, c\u1ea3 phim \u0111\u1ed3i tr\u1ee5y n\u1eefa l\u1ea1i l\u01b0u h\u00e0nh, n\u00ean c\u00f3 v\u1ee5 ki\u1ec3m k\u00ea c\u00e1c qu\u00e1n c\u00e0 ph\u00ea, s\u00e1ch c\u0169, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea7n n\u00e0y c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch kh\u1ea3o c\u1ee9u Vi\u1ec7t mi\u1ec1n Nam v\u00e0 c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch Anh, Ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb h\u1ed1t. [14] Ch\u00fang m\u00ecnh ch\u1ecbu h\u1eadu qu\u00e1 s\u1ef1 ngu xu\u1ea9n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. https:\/\/thuviensach.vn","CH\u01af\u01a0NG XXXI K\u1ebft Qu\u1ea3 Sau 5 N\u0103m \u201cTh\u1ea5t-B\u1ea1i Trong H\u00f2a B\u00ecnh\u201d M\u1ea5y th\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ea7u sau ng\u00e0y 30-4-75, c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn, gi\u00e0 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 tr\u1ebb, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 tr\u1ebb, \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 t\u00e2m l\u00ed chung l\u00e0 h\u0103m h\u1edf h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee5 sau m\u1ea5y ch\u1ee5c n\u0103m gian kh\u1ed5 s\u1ed1ng chui, s\u1ed1ng nh\u1ee7i trong r\u1eebng, trong b\u1ee5i, d\u01b0\u1edbi h\u1ed1 d\u01b0\u1edbi h\u1ea7m. \u0110\u00e0nh r\u1eb1ng ph\u1ea3i b\u1eaft tay ngay v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ebfn thi\u1ebft, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i s\u1eb5n r\u1ed3i, c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m hai ch\u1ee5c n\u0103m \u1edf B\u1eafc th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec kh\u00f3; v\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 th\u1eafng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c M\u0129, th\u00e0nh c\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ed1c th\u1ee9 ba tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, sau Nga v\u00e0 Trung hoa th\u00ec c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c g\u00ec m\u00e0 l\u00e0m kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, ch\u1ec9 trong 5 n\u0103m s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9, hai ch\u1ee5c n\u0103m s\u1ebd \u0111u\u1ed5i k\u1ecbp Nh\u1eadt b\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 kinh t\u1ebf. Mu\u1ed1n ki\u1ebfn thi\u1ebft th\u00ec tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i san ph\u1eb3ng ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 c\u0169 \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft n\u00e0o c\u1ea3. Ph\u1ea3i \u0111u\u1ed5i h\u1ebft c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean c\u0169, \u0111\u1ec3 anh em c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng chia nhau t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 l\u1edbn nh\u1ecf. Ph\u1ea3i di\u1ec7t b\u1ecdn t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n, chi\u1ebfm nh\u00e0 c\u1eeda, t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n nh\u01b0 n\u00fai c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, chia nhau m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat. \u201c\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh m\u00e0!\u201d T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, ai c\u0169ng \u201ch\u1ed3 h\u1edfi\u201d, tin t\u01b0\u1edfng. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng Ph\u1ea1m v\u0103n \u0110\u1ed3ng l\u00e0 t\u1ecf v\u1ebb \u01b0u t\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat. Trong m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c h\u1ed9i h\u1ecdp \u1edf S\u00e0i g\u00f2n, \u00f4ng b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ed: \u201cNous avons gagn\u00e9 la guerre, il ne faut pas perdre la paix\u201d (Ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 th\u1eafng trong chi\u1ebfn tranh, \u0111\u1eebng \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i trong h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh). \u00d4ng th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng th\u1eafng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbch r\u1ed3i m\u1edbi l\u00e0 kh\u1edfi s\u1ef1 b\u1eaft tay v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c, ch\u01b0a th\u1ec3 ngh\u1ec9 ng\u01a1i, h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c; m\u00e0 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ebfn thi\u1ebft trong th\u1eddi b\u00ecnh c\u00f2n kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n g\u1ea5p b\u1ed9i c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c di\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ecbch. Th\u1eddi chi\u1ebfn h\u1ec5 nung \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00f2ng y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c d\u00e2n r\u1ed3i, gi\u1eef cho l\u00f2ng \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1eebng gi\u1ea3m, qu\u1ed1c d\u00e2n ki\u00ean tr\u00ec ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1edb\u1ec9 ph\u00fat ch\u00f3t th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 g\u00ec n\u1eefa: thi\u1ebfu c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 Nga, Trung hoa cung c\u1ea5p cho; tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i trong th\u1eddi b\u00ecnh m\u1edbi ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9, ngo\u1ea1i giao, kinh t\u1ebf, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf. N\u01b0\u1edbc ta ngh\u00e8o, thi\u1ebfu v\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 thi\u1ebfu k\u0129 thu\u1eadt gia, kh\u00f3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf mau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 kinh t\u1ebf th\u00ec s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5. B\u00e2y gi\u1edd 5 n\u0103m sau ng\u00e0y 30-4-75, h\u1ebft k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ng\u0169 ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean r\u1ed3i, ch\u00fang ta m\u1edbi th\u1ea5y c\u01a1 h\u1ed3 ch\u1eb3ng ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n n\u00e0o h\u1ebft m\u00e0 c\u00f2n th\u1ee5t l\u00f9i n\u1eefa, v\u00e0 ai l\u1ea1c quan t\u1edbi m\u1ea5y c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eadn ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecf https:\/\/thuviensach.vn","ph\u00ed 5 n\u0103m, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i m\u1ea5y n\u0103m n\u1eefa m\u1edbi b\u1eaft l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t \u0111\u00f3. Trong khi \u1ea5y th\u00ec th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u1ee9 v\u00f9n v\u1ee5t ti\u1ebfn t\u1edbi. 1) Kh\u00f4ng \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft Th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t, theo t\u00f4i, l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ed1c d\u00e2n. Th\u00e1ng 5-1975, c\u00f3 \u00edt nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 90% ng\u01b0\u1eddi mi\u1ec1n Nam h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc, mang \u01a1n mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc \u0111\u00e3 \u0111u\u1ed5i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c M\u0129 \u0111i, l\u1eadp l\u1ea1i h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh, v\u00e0 ai c\u0169ng c\u00f3 thi\u1ec7n ch\u00ed t\u1eadn l\u1ef1c l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c gia. Nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 s\u00e1u b\u1ea3y th\u00e1ng sau, cu\u1ed1i 1975 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 \u0111a s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nam ch\u00e1n ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 ngo\u00e0i B\u1eafc, ch\u00e1n \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o B\u1eafc. T\u00f4i nh\u1edb nh\u01b0 \u1edf ph\u1ea7n tr\u00ean t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i n\u0103m 1976, trong m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb \u1edf S\u00e0i g\u00f2n, b\u00e0n v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t qu\u1ed1c gia, m\u1ed9t h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 l\u00e3o th\u00e0nh mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc, \u00f4ng \u0110\u00e0o Duy Anh (\u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 h\u1ed3i s\u1ed1ng \u1edf Nam nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ea1n th\u00e2n \u1edf Nam) khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eddi ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u \u00fd ki\u1ebfn, ch\u1ec9 n\u00f3i m\u1ed7i m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u \u0111\u1ea1i \u00fd l\u00e0 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t c\u00e1i g\u00ec c\u0169ng d\u1ec5; quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t nh\u00e2n t\u00e2m \u0111\u00e3. C\u1ea3 h\u1ed9i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eedng s\u1ed1t v\u00e0 l\u00e0m thinh. \u00d4ng Anh \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t \u0111\u00fang v\u00e0 d\u00e1m n\u00f3i. Qu\u1ea3 th\u1ef1c l\u00e0 l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 chia r\u1ebd n\u1eb7ng gi\u1eefa ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nam v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi B\u1eafc, Nam \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi B\u1eafc r\u1ed3i. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, tinh th\u1ea7n chia r\u1ebd c\u1ee9 m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y m\u1ed7i t\u0103ng, n\u0103m nay (1980) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i 90% ng\u01b0\u1eddi mi\u1ec1n Nam hay h\u01a1n n\u1eefa, mu\u1ed1n t\u00e1ch kh\u1ecfi mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc. C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n. Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ch\u00ednh theo t\u00f4i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc v\u01a1 \u0111\u0169a c\u1ea3 n\u1eafm, coi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nam l\u00e0 \u201cng\u1ee5y\u201d h\u1ebft, tr\u1ee5y l\u1ea1c, b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m \u0111\u1ed9c n\u1eb7ng c\u1ee7a M\u0129. Ngay h\u1ea1ng tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc nh\u01b0 \u00f4ng \u0110\u00e0o Duy Anh c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u00e0nh ki\u1ebfn r\u1eb1ng d\u00e2n S\u00e0i g\u00f2n h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng qu\u00e1 r\u1ed3i H\u1ecd ch\u1ec9 nh\u00ecn b\u1ec1 ngo\u00e0i, ch\u1ec9 th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 thanh ni\u00ean h\u00edp pi, l\u00eau b\u00eau \u1edf ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng; t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3ng cho h\u1ecd hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1, ch\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111a s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong n\u00e0y gh\u00e9t M\u0129, gh\u00e9t v\u0103n minh M\u0129, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i gia \u0111\u00ecnh n\u00e0o c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 c\u1ea3m t\u00ecnh v\u1edbi kh\u00e1ng ch\u1ec9\u1ebfn, gi\u00fap kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y hay c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng v\u1eady th\u00ec l\u00e0m sao kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Ch\u1ec9 n\u1ed9i m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec7c bi\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed1 c\u00e1o c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng v\u1edbi kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn, ch\u1edb \u0111\u1eebng n\u00f3i l\u00e0 c\u00f2n che ch\u1edf, gi\u00fap tl\u00ean b\u1ea1c, ti\u1ebfp tay cho n\u1eefa. Ch\u1ec9 tr\u1eeb m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ph\u1ea3n qu\u1ed1c, theo M\u0129, Thi\u1ec7u tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 v\u00ec quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i, c\u00f2n th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gia \u0111\u00ecnh n\u00e0o trong Nam l\u00e0 ng\u1ee5y c\u1ea3. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u00f3 t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch, m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7u gia nh\u1eadp kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn, sau v\u00ec l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, ph\u1ea3i r\u1eddi h\u00e0ng ng\u0169, v\u1ec1 th\u00e0nh, m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u01b0a Ph\u00e1p, M\u0129, h\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean coi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta l\u00e0 ng\u1ee5y. B\u1ecdn thanh https:\/\/thuviensach.vn","ni\u00ean h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng ch\u1ec9 \u1edf S\u00e0i g\u00f2n m\u1edbi c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u, m\u00e0 t\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 kh\u00f4ng cao so v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng thanh ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafn. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi B\u1eafc coi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nam l\u00e0 ng\u1ee5y, \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nam nh\u01b0 th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n da tr\u1eafng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi d\u00e2n \u201cb\u1ea3n x\u1ee9\u201d, t\u1ef1 cao t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ea1i, t\u1ef1 cho r\u1eb1ng v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0o c\u0169ng gi\u1ecfi h\u01a1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nam, \u0111\u00e3 th\u1eafng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c M\u0129 th\u00ec c\u00e1i g\u00ec c\u0169ng l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Ch\u1ec9 cho h\u1ecd ch\u1ed7 sai l\u1ea7m trong c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c th\u00ec h\u1ecd b\u1ecbt mi\u1ec7ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta b\u1eb1ng c\u00e2u: \u201cT\u00f4i l\u00e0 kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn, anh l\u00e0 ng\u1ee5y th\u00ec t\u00f4i m\u1edbi c\u00f3 l\u00ed, anh \u0111\u1eebng n\u00f3i n\u1eefa\u201d. Ch\u1eb3ng bao l\u00e2u ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nam th\u1ea5y \u0111a s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb t\u1ef1 x\u01b0ng l\u00e0 kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn, c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c H\u1ed3 ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch d\u1ea1y d\u1ed7 trong m\u1ea5y ch\u1ee5c n\u0103m \u0111\u00f3, ch\u1eb3ng nh\u1eefng d\u1ed1t v\u1ec1 v\u0103n h\u00f3a, k\u0129 thu\u1eadt - \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00ea, v\u00ec chi\u1ebfn tranh, h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecdc - th\u00e8m kh\u00e1t h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1ea1c, \u0103n c\u1eafp, h\u1ed1i l\u1ed9, n\u00f3i x\u1ea5u l\u1eabn nhau, ch\u00e0i b\u1ea9y nhau... T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nam ch\u1eb3ng nh\u1eefng c\u00f3 t\u00e2m tr\u1ea1ng khinh kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn m\u00e0 c\u00f2n t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 ng\u1ee5y n\u1eefa, v\u00ec ng\u1ee5y c\u00f3 t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch h\u01a1n kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn. V\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e2m ra th\u1ea5t v\u1ecdng khi th\u1ea5y ch\u00e2n di\u1ec7n m\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 anh em c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00f3, th\u1ea5y v\u00e0i n\u00e9t c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc: b\u1ea1n b\u00e8, h\u00e0ng x\u00f3m t\u1ed1 c\u00e1o l\u1eabn nhau, con c\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng d\u00e1m nh\u1eadn cha m\u1eb9, h\u1ecdc tr\u00f2 c\u1ea5p II \u0111\u00eam t\u1edbi \u0111\u00f3n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f4 gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00f3p v\u00fa... Th\u00ec ra: \u201cNh\u00ecn xa ng\u1ee1 t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00f4 v\u00e0ng... \u201c Ngay gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ed c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tinh th\u1ea7n \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft: \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0o ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0m l\u1ee3i cho \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00f3, kh\u00f4ng ngh\u0129 t\u1edbi qu\u1ed1c gia; c\u01a1 quan n\u00e0o c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0m l\u1ee3i cho c\u01a1 quan m\u00ecnh m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 cho c\u01a1 quan b\u1ea1n; ai n\u1ea5y ch\u1ec9 lo cho b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n m\u00ecnh th\u00f4i m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ngh\u0129 t\u1edbi \u0111o\u00e0n th\u1ec3. M\u1ed9t \u00f4ng b\u1ea1n t\u00f4i \u1edf H\u00e0 n\u1ed9i v\u00e0o S\u00e0i g\u00f2n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f2i s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n v\u00e0i c\u01a1 quan kh\u00e1c thi\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 quan \u00f4ng. T\u00f4i ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean h\u1ecfi: \u201c\u0110\u00e2u ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 x\u00ed nghi\u1ec7p t\u01b0 m\u00e0 gi\u1eef ti\u1ec1n l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m l\u1ee3i cho m\u00ecnh. \u0110\u1ec1u l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng h\u1ebft m\u00e0. h\u1ec5 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ec1n th\u00ec t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean h\u1ecd tr\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i cho c\u01a1 quan anh, sao ph\u1ea3i v\u00e0o t\u1eadn \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f2i?\u201d Anh b\u1ea1n \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e1p: \u201cN\u1ebfu h\u1ecd ngh\u0129 nh\u01b0 anh th\u00ec c\u00f2n n\u00f3i g\u00ec?\u201d. Trong m\u1ed7i c\u01a1 quan \u1edf S\u00e0i g\u00f2n c\u0169ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 chia r\u1ebd. C\u00f9ng l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean c\u1ea3, m\u00e0 b\u1ecdn \u1edf B\u1eafc v\u00f4 kh\u00f4ng \u01b0a b\u1ecdn Li\u00ean khu 5; hai h\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1u khinh b\u1ecdn \u1edf b\u01b0ng trong Nam v\u1ec1; b\u1ecdn n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng ch\u01a1i v\u1edbi b\u1ecdn tr\u01b0\u1edbc kia t\u1eadp k\u1ebft ra B\u1eafc, nay tr\u1edf v\u00f4 Nam; b\u1ecdn \u201cn\u1eb1m v\u00f9ng\u201d c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u01b0a b\u1ecdn t\u1eadp k\u1ebft v\u1ec1 \u0111\u00f3; b\u1ecb khinh nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 b\u1ecdn ng\u1ee5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1m d\u00f9ng l\u1ea1i, m\u00e0 b\u1ecdn n\u00e0y th\u1ea1o vi\u1ec7c h\u01a1n h\u1ebft. Ch\u1ec9nh v\u00ec thi\u1ebfu \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft cho n\u00ean trong cu\u1ed9c h\u1ed9i h\u1ecdp n\u00e0o ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u0169ng h\u00f4 h\u00e0o \u201c\u0110o\u00e0n k\u1ebft, \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft\u201d. C\u00f2n \u1edf trong ph\u00f2ng h\u1ecdp th\u00ec ai c\u0169ng hoan h\u00f4 tinh th\u1ea7n \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft, ra kh\u1ecfi ph\u00f2ng r\u1ed3i th\u00ec h\u1ebft \u0111o\u00e0n https:\/\/thuviensach.vn","k\u1ebft. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ch\u1ec9 \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft v\u1edbi nhau v\u00ec quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i th\u00f4i; \u0111o \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 c\u00f3 tinh th\u1ea7n b\u00e8 ph\u00e1i, gia \u0111\u00ecnh tr\u1ecb, v\u00e0 \u1edf B\u1eafc c\u00f3 c\u00e2u n\u00e0y: Nh\u1ea5t th\u00e2n, nh\u00ec th\u1ebf, tam quy\u1ec1n, t\u1ee9 ch\u1ebf. H\u1ec5 th\u00e2n v\u1edbi nhau th\u00ec gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 nhau, c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c g\u00ec c\u0169ng d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng, ch\u1ee9 c\u1ee9 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00fang qui ch\u1ebf th\u00ec kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n nh\u1ea5t, ch\u1eadm tr\u1ec5 nh\u1ea5t; ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta l\u00e8 ph\u00e8, t\u00e0 t\u00e0, kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m cho m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e2u, nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf ho\u00e0i ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0m cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u00eam gh\u00e9t. C\u1eddn \u0111\u00e2u l\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 n\u1eefa? 2) B\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng \u0110i\u1ec3m th\u1ee9 nh\u00ec l\u00e0m cho ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5t v\u1ecdng l\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u00f2n b\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng h\u01a1n th\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edbc nhi\u1ec1u. Marx v\u00e0 L\u00e9nine mu\u1ed1n t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 giai c\u1ea5p, c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng, b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng. Nh\u01b0ng Staline cho s\u1ef1 b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng l\u00e0 \u201ckh\u00f4ng x\u1ee9ng\u201d (indique) v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i theo ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i (1), v\u00e0 \u1edf Nga, theo nh\u00e0 b\u00e1c h\u1ecdc Sakharov (trong m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i b\u00e1o \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn) th\u00ec n\u0103m 1972 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng m\u00e0 c\u00f2n b\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n b\u00f3c l\u1ed9t th\u1ee3 thuy\u1ec1n, nh\u01b0ng giai c\u1ea5p l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i c\u00f2n giai c\u1ea5p c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n th\u00ec s\u1ed1ng thi\u1ebfu th\u1ed1n. C\u00e2y qu\u1ea1t l\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1ed5ng (eventail des salairs) v\u1eabn m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n c\u00f2n h\u01a1n \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n; n\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, l\u01b0\u01a1ng gi\u1eefa m\u1ed9t vi\u00ean gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t th\u1ee3 kh\u00f4ng chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n c\u00f2n c\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t nhau r\u1ea5t xa, h\u01a1n \u1edf ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y. Kravchenko trong cu\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn c\u0169ng ph\u00e0n n\u00e0n r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ed \u201cb\u1ef1\u201d (grosses l\u00e9gumes) s\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 \u00f4ng ho\u00e0ng, c\u00f3 ph\u00f2ng \u0103n n\u00eang, th\u1ee9c \u0103n ri\u00eang, ti\u1ec7m mua d\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea9m ri\u00eang, th\u1ee3 h\u1edbt t\u00f3c ri\u00eang, nh\u00e0 th\u01b0\u01a1ng ri\u00eang, c\u1ea7u ti\u00eau ri\u00eang... c\u00e1i g\u00ec c\u0169ng ri\u00eang, v\u00e0 \u00f4ng ta chua x\u00f3t th\u1ea5y c\u00e1ch b\u00f3c l\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u00f4ng b\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u01a1n c\u00e1ch th\u1eddi Nga ho\u00e0ng (trang 525, 105). \u1ede n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00ecnh c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 Nga, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n c\u00e1i t\u1ec7 t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n b\u00f3c l\u1ed9t th\u1ee3 thuy\u1ec1n; ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 l\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh c\u00f2n h\u01a1n Nga l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 c\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t r\u1ea5t xa gi\u1eefa c\u1ea5p cao v\u00e0 c\u1ea5p th\u1ea5p: c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean m\u1edbi v\u00f4 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kho\u1ea3ng 40 \u0111\u1ed3ng m\u1ed9t th\u00e1ng, k\u0129 s\u01b0 m\u1edbi ra tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kho\u1ea3ng 55 \u0111\u1ed3ng, gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c kho\u1ea3ng 150 \u0111\u1ed3ng, b\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng 200 \u0111\u1ed3ng; nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 cao c\u1ea5p c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i, tha h\u1ed3 mua th\u1ee9c \u0103n, \u0111\u1ed3 d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ee7 th\u1ee9 v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c; nghe n\u00f3i c\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p v\u1ee3 h\u1ecd mua v\u1ec1 b\u00e1n ch\u1ee3 \u0111en; v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga hay \u0110\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i b\u1ea3o l\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u1eefng c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 tuy ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 200 \u0111\u1ed3ng m\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng \u00edt nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 2.000 \u0111\u1ed3ng. Th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng Ph\u1ea1m v\u0103n \u0110\u1ed3ng c\u00f3 l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 l\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1ed5ng: t\u0103ng l\u01b0\u01a1ng cho nh\u1eefng c\u1ea5p tr\u00ean, nh\u01b0ng s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i nhu y\u1ebfu ph\u1ea9m th\u00ec \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u; \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea3ng b\u00e1c b\u1ecf. https:\/\/thuviensach.vn","C\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u201c\u00f4ng l\u1edbn\u201d \u0111i \u0111\u00e2u c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ea7u x\u00e1ch b\u00ecnh n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00e2m Cao li \u0111\u1ec3 \u00f4ng l\u1edbn u\u1ed1ng thay tr\u00e0; m\u1ed9t \u00f4ng n\u1ecd lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t b\u00e1c s\u0129 \u1edf b\u00ean v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebfu n\u1eef qu\u1ea1t h\u1ea7u v\u00ec \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea1t m\u00e1y. T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft nh\u1eefng tin \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00fang hay kh\u00f4ng, ch\u1ec9 bi\u1ebft nh\u1eefng tin \u0111\u00f3 do \u201canh em c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng\u201d \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u1ea3. M\u1ed9t \u00f4ng b\u1ea1n t\u00f4i b\u1ea3o c\u00f3 v\u00f4 nh\u00e0 th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1edbi th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 ch\u1ee5c (sic) giai c\u1ea5p b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n, t\u00f9y giai c\u1ea5p m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1edf ph\u00f2ng n\u00e0o, kh\u00e1m b\u1ec7nh ra sao, tr\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh ra sao, c\u1ea5p th\u1ee9 thu\u1ed1c n\u00e0o v.v\u2026 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft c\u0169ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t giai c\u1ea5p khi \u0111\u0103ng c\u00e1o ph\u00f3: c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ea5y ph\u00e2n tr\u00ean c\u1ed9t b\u00e1o, c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 b\u1ef1 th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ea5y ph\u00e2n; l\u1eddi c\u00e1o ph\u00f3 c\u0169ng theo nh\u1eefng ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ri\u00eang. \u0110\u00fang l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i Staline. S\u00e0i g\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng v\u00e0i n\u0103m th\u00ec ta th\u1ea5y xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n ngay m\u1ed9t h\u1ea1ng gi\u00e0u sang m\u1edbi n\u1ed5i, thay th\u1ebf b\u1ecdn gi\u00e0u sang th\u1eddi Thi\u1ec7u, v\u00e0 c\u0169ng th\u00edch nh\u1eefng xa x\u00ed ph\u1ea9m (\u00e1o h\u00e0ng th\u00eau, h\u1ed9t xo\u00e0n, m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed v.v...) c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi Thi\u1ec7u. Ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e2u m\u00e0 h\u1ecd mua nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 \u0111\u00f3 nh\u1ec9? S\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng ch\u01b0\u1edbng nh\u1ea5t, t\u00e0n nh\u1eabn nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 l\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean t\u1eeb 1975 c\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ee9ng y\u00ean trong khi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i nhu y\u1ebfu ph\u1ea9m gi\u1ea3m \u0111i g\u1ea7n h\u1ebft, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n g\u1ea1o, bo bo l\u00e0 t\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ee7, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 trong khi m\u00e3i l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ea1c n\u0103m 1980 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n b\u1eb1ng 1\/10 n\u0103m 1975; th\u00e0nh th\u1eed l\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 mua c\u1ee7i ch\u1ee5m, l\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ed9t b\u00e1c s\u0129 m\u1edbi ra tr\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 mua rau mu\u1ed1ng \u0103n. Kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e2u c\u00f3 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 l\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1ed5ng k\u00ec c\u1ee5c nh\u01b0 v\u1eady (2). Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i b\u00e1n \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111i m\u00e0 x\u00e0i, nh\u1edd cha m\u1eb9 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i xoay x\u1edf m\u1ecdi c\u00e1ch, l\u00e0m sao s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00ec l\u00e0m, ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft t\u1edbi. M\u1ed9t c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 \u1edf H\u00e0 n\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e0n n\u00e0n: \u201cNg\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u quy\u1ec1n h\u00e0nh m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat tinh th\u1ea7n tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m n\u00e0o c\u1ea3. Th\u1eadt l\u1ea1 l\u00f9ng!\u201d Kravchenko (trang 185) n\u00f3i ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Nga b\u1eaft d\u00e2n \u0111\u00f3i \u0111\u1ec3 d\u00e2n bi\u1ebft ph\u00e9p ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i r\u0103m r\u1eafp tu\u00e2n l\u1ec7nh. \u1ede n\u01b0\u1edbc ta kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, c\u00f3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb th\u00f9 c\u1ee7a ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 th\u00f4i, t\u1ee9c b\u1ecdn ng\u1ee5y qu\u00e2n ng\u1ee5y quy\u1ec1n c\u00f2n \u1edf trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u1ea1i c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o. 3) Thi\u1ebfu k\u1ec9 lu\u1eadt Kh\u00f4ng ai c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m m\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n b\u00e8 ph\u00e1i qu\u00e1 n\u1eb7ng, n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 k\u1ec9 lu\u1eadt, d\u01b0\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng tu\u00e2n tr\u00ean, lo\u1ea1n. Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ean t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i t\u1edbi c\u00e1i t\u1ec7 m\u1ed7i t\u1ec9nh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ti\u1ec3u qu\u1ed1c, \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 do t\u1edbi m\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng tu\u00e2n l\u1ec7nh trung \u01b0\u01a1ng (ngay x\u00e3 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng tu\u00e2n l\u1ec7nh t\u1ec9nh, huy\u1ec7n), l\u1ea5y l\u1ebd r\u1eb1ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1edbi hi\u1ec3u t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng https:\/\/thuviensach.vn","c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, c\u1ea5p tr\u00ean kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean xen v\u00e0o; c\u00e1i t\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ec7nh \u0111i c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111i, n\u1eb1m \u1ef3 \u1edf nh\u00e0, m\u1ed9t tu\u1ea7n sau tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i s\u1edf, tr\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 v\u1ee5 l\u1ec7nh m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb khi\u1ec3n tr\u00e1ch; c\u00e1i t\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean mu\u1ed1n b\u1ecf s\u1edf v\u1ec1 gi\u1edd n\u00e0o th\u00ec v\u1ec1, l\u1ea5y c\u1edb l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i ki\u1ebfm g\u1ea1o, ch\u1ee7 nhi\u1ec7m \u0111\u00e0nh l\u00e0m thinh, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00e1p sao. T\u00f4i k\u1ec3 th\u00eam m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u1eefa. \u00d4ng gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 quan n\u1ecd \u0111\u1ebfn tu\u1ed5i v\u1ec1 h\u01b0u, b\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00fap vi\u1ec7c: \u201cT\u00f4i s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng v\u1ec1, v\u1ec1 th\u00ec m\u1ea5t h\u1ebft quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i: xe h\u01a1i, \u201cb\u00eca\u201d (s\u1ed5 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec1 mua nhu y\u1ebfu ph\u1ea7m), nh\u00e0 \u1edf v.v..., m\u00e0 c\u00f2n b\u1ecb x\u00e3 \u1ea5p n\u00f3 \u0103n hi\u1ebfp, ho\u1ea1nh h\u1ecde c\u00e1i n\u00e0y, c\u00e1i kh\u00e1c; kh\u00f4ng, t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng v\u1ec1,\u201d M\u1ed9t \u00f4ng gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c m\u00e0 s\u1ee3 c\u00f4ng an \u1ea5p v\u00ec c\u00f4ng an c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n b\u1eaft ai th\u00ec b\u1eaft, giam ai th\u00ec giam. M\u1ed9t vi\u00ean c\u00f4ng an b\u1ea3o: \u201cT\u00f4i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c b\u1ed1n n\u0103m n\u0103m r\u1ed3i, m\u00e0 b\u00e2y gi\u1edd m\u1edbi bi\u1ebft quy\u1ec1n h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i, t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m g\u00ec th\u00ec l\u00e0m\u201d. V\u00ec m\u1ea5t k\u1ec9 lu\u1eadt, cho n\u00ean thanh ni\u00ean tr\u1ed1n ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1: \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Nam tr\u1ed1n t\u1edbi 90%, c\u00f3 n\u01a1i c\u1ea3 100% m\u00e0 v\u1eabn s\u1ed1ng y\u00ean \u1ed5n. B\u1eaft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecd, \u0111\u01b0a h\u1ecd ra m\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn, h\u1ecd l\u1ea1i tr\u1ed1n n\u1eefa. Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 giam ho\u00e0i h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, g\u1ea1o \u0111\u00e2u m\u00e0 nu\u00f4i? H\u1ecd s\u1ed1ng y\u00ean \u1ed5n ngay \u1edf l\u00e0ng v\u00ec ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u00fat l\u00f3t cho c\u00f4ng an l\u00e0 \u00eam. C\u00f2n n\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e0o ng\u0169 th\u00ec to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c t\u1edbi 25%. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc kia ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta hi sinh \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp; b\u00e2y gi\u1edd \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp r\u1ed3i l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e1nh nhau v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc anh em, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta kh\u00f4ng h\u0103ng h\u00e1i n\u1eefa. Nghe n\u00f3i \u1edf m\u1ed9t t\u1ec9nh n\u1ecd, vi\u00ean gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c s\u1edf t\u00e0i ch\u00e1nh ki\u00eam gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng (?) \u00f4m 60 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0ng c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi 30 vi\u00ean c\u00f4ng an xu\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc t\u00e0u c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7, mang theo \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 kh\u00ed gi\u1edbi (v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft bao nhi\u00eau l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0ng n\u1eefa) d\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t bi\u00ean. Tin \u0111\u00f3 ch\u01b0a l\u1ea5y g\u00ec l\u00e0m ch\u1eafc nh\u01b0ng chuy\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng an - c\u00e2y c\u1ed9t ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ee1 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 - \u00f4m v\u00e0ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t bi\u00ean th\u00ec m\u1ea5y n\u0103m nay nghe th\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u00e1 r\u1ed3i. Tinh th\u1ea7n v\u00f4 k\u1ec9 lu\u1eadt \u0111\u00f3, kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i do ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c tr\u1ebb em kh\u00f4ng. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u1ea5m \u0111\u00e1nh tr\u1ebb - \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c - c\u1ea5m nghi\u00eam kh\u1eafc v\u1edbi tr\u1ebb, ch\u00fang ngh\u1ec9 h\u1ecdc th\u00ec l\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 m\u1eddi ch\u00fang \u0111i h\u1ecdc; ch\u00fang l\u00e0m bi\u1ebfng th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb ph\u1ea1t m\u00e0 c\u00f4 gi\u00e1o b\u1ecb tr\u00e1ch l\u00e0 d\u1ea1y d\u1edf. K\u00ec t\u1ef1u tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 n\u01a1i c\u00f2n t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c m\u00faa l\u00e2n, \u0111\u1ed1t ph\u00e1o \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ee5 tr\u1ebb em \u0111i h\u1ecdc n\u1eefa. C\u00f4 gi\u00e1o n\u00e0o m\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00edt tr\u1ebb th\u00ec b\u1ecb r\u1ea7y. Ri\u1ebft r\u1ed3i c\u00f4 gi\u00e1o ng\u00e1n d\u1ea1y qu\u00e1, c\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 \u00fd ngh\u1ec9 b\u1eeba, hi\u1ec7u tr\u01b0\u1edfng ph\u1ea3i t\u1edbi nh\u00e0 n\u0103n n\u1ec9, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng th\u00ec l\u1ed7i \u1edf hi\u1ec7u tr\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u1edf c\u00f4 gi\u00e1o. V\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ng\u00e1n lu\u00f4n c\u1ea3 ngh\u1ec1 s\u01b0 ph\u1ea1m: d\u1ed1t ho\u1eb7c mu\u1ed1n tr\u00e1nh ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 m\u1edbi ph\u1ea3i thi v\u00f4 s\u01b0 ph\u1ea1m. https:\/\/thuviensach.vn","K\u1ec9 lu\u1eadt nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, tr\u1ebb em c\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m bi\u1ebfng, s\u1ee9c h\u1ecdc r\u1ea5t k\u00e9m, m\u00e0 t\u00ednh ng\u1ed7 ngh\u1ecbch (b\u00f3p v\u00fa c\u00f4 gi\u00e1o nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i) th\u00ec qu\u00e1 s\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 gi\u00e0 \u1edb B\u1eafc v\u00f4 nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng tr\u1ebb em trong n\u00e0y ngoan ngo\u00e3n, l\u1ec5 ph\u00e9p. Nh\u01b0ng t\u00f4i s\u1ee3 r\u1eb1ng \u00edt n\u0103m n\u1eefa, ch\u00fang \u0111u\u1ed5i k\u1ecbp b\u1ea1n ch\u00fang \u1edf B\u1eafc m\u1ea5t. 4) Kinh t\u1ebf suy s\u1ee5p S\u1ef1 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 suy s\u1ee5p c\u1ee7a kinh t\u1ebf m\u00e0 t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y s\u01a1 l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1edf tr\u00ean. H\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 Vi\u1ec7t nam tr\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o l\u00e0 \u201cti\u1ec1n r\u1eebng b\u1ea1c b\u1ec3\u201d, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u00faa, \u0111\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec1n cao su m\u00eanh m\u00f4ng \u1edb mi\u1ec1n Nam, nh\u1eefng m\u1ecf than, m\u1ecf ph\u1ed1t ph\u00e1t phong ph\u00fa \u1edb mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc m\u00e0 b\u00e2y gi\u1edd th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t trong v\u00e0i n\u01b0\u1edbc ngh\u00e8o nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. T\u1eeb ng\u00e0y 30-4-75, do nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o \u1edb B\u1eafc v\u00e0o, ch\u00fang ta \u1edf Nam m\u1edbi l\u1ea7n l\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft c\u1ea3nh \u0111i\u00eau \u0111\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u00ecnh ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u00f3 sau hai ch\u1ee5c n\u0103m s\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1edbi. T\u1eeb tr\u00ean xu\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi ai c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i \u0103n \u0111\u1ed9n c\u00f3 khi 60-70% (3); c\u00f3 h\u1ed3i g\u1ea1o qu\u00ed t\u1edbi n\u1ed5i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u1ea5t v\u00e0o trong nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i th\u1ed1, c\u00e1i li\u1ec5n, tr\u00e2n tr\u1ecdng nh\u01b0 nh\u00e2n s\u00e2m, ch\u1ec9 khi n\u00e0o \u0111au \u1ed1m m\u1edbi l\u1ea5y ra m\u1ed9t nh\u00fam \u0111\u1ec3 n\u1ea5u ch\u00e1o; ng\u00e0y t\u1ebft m\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 g\u1ea1o n\u1ea5u c\u01a1m c\u00fang \u00f4ng b\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1eebng l\u1eafm; khi n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0103n m\u1ed9t b\u1eefa c\u01a1m kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed9n v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eafm th\u00f4i th\u00ec coi nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ef1 m\u1ed9t b\u1eefa ti\u1ec7c. N\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eafm r\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfm, c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf Ngh\u1ec7 an hay H\u00e0 t\u0129nh m\u1ea5y n\u0103m kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eafm \u0103n, g\u1eb7p ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong Nam ra \u0111em theo n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eafm, xin m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i mu\u1ed7ng r\u1ed3i c\u1ea7m nu\u1ed1t \u1ef1c ngay h\u1ebft, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee3i \u0111em v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0. B\u00e1t \u0103n m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ed7i n\u0103m ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i, h\u1ec5 v\u1ee1 th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i \u0103n b\u1eb1ng s\u1ecd d\u1eeba. V\u1ea3i m\u1ed7i n\u0103m ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t m\u1ed9t hai th\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 v\u00e1 \u00e1o. (\u1ede mi\u1ec1n Nam n\u0103m 1980, c\u00f3 n\u01a1i m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 6 t\u1ea5c.) Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0o S\u00e0i g\u00f2n th\u0103m b\u00e0 con, khi ra v\u01a1 v\u00e9t \u0111\u1ee7 th\u1ee9, t\u1eeb c\u00e2y \u0111inh, kh\u00fac d\u00e2y ch\u00ec, lon s\u1eefa b\u00f2, ve chai... \u0111em ra, v\u00ec \u1edf ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea7n d\u00f9ng t\u1edbi m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ki\u1ebfm \u0111\u00e2u ra. H\u1ecd cho mi\u1ec1n Nam n\u00e0y l\u00e0 thi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng. Nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ba lan trong \u1ee7y ban ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf n\u0103m 1975 b\u1ea3o ch\u1ec9 trong 5 n\u0103m, mi\u1ec1n Nam s\u1ebd \u201c\u0111u\u1ed5i k\u1ecbp mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc\u201d, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ngh\u00e8o nh\u01b0 mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc. L\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00fang, r\u1ea5t s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng nh\u1edd m\u1ea5y tr\u0103m ng\u00e0n ki\u1ec1u b\u00e0o \u1edf ngo\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c g\u1edfi ti\u1ec1n, thu\u1ed1c men, th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea5m, qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o... v\u1ec1 gi\u00fap b\u00e0 con \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta hi\u1ec7n nay c\u0169ng \u0111i\u00eau \u0111\u1ee9ng nh\u01b0 anh em mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc r\u1ed3i. D\u00e2n mi\u1ec1n Nam t\u1eeb x\u01b0a ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00f3i, ph\u1ea3i \u0103n \u0111\u1ed9n th\u00ec n\u0103m 1979 \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i \u0103n \u0111\u1ed9n 70-80%, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng gia \u0111\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3i \u0103n b\u1eefa c\u01a1m b\u1eefa https:\/\/thuviensach.vn","ch\u00e1o, c\u00f3 c\u00f4 gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc sinh \u0111\u00f3i qu\u00e1, t\u1edbi l\u1edbp t\u00e9 x\u1ec9u Nh\u00e0 n\u00e0o c\u0169ng b\u00e1n \u0111\u1ed3 c\u0169 \u0111i \u0111\u1ec3 \u0103n; nhi\u1ec1u gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean nh\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ed1ng r\u1ed7ng, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n b\u00e0n gh\u1ebf n\u1eefa, \u0103n ng\u1ee7 tr\u00ean s\u00e0n. Ai c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 lo sao c\u00f3 c\u00e1i g\u00ec nu\u1ed1t cho \u0111\u1ea7y bao t\u1eed, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng d\u00e1m ngh\u0129 t\u1edbi mi\u1ebfng ngon. T\u1ebft Canh Th\u00e2n v\u1eeba r\u1ed3i, \u1edf Long xuy\u00ean, nh\u00e0 m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean h\u1ed3i h\u01b0u, tr\u00ean b\u00e0n th\u1edd \u00f4ng b\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 b\u00e0y m\u1ed9t \u0111\u0129a c\u00f3 m\u1ea5y chi\u1ebfc b\u00e1nh ph\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 b\u00e1nh gai, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00f2n b\u00e1nh t\u00e9t, m\u1ed9t qu\u1ea3 d\u01b0a h\u1ea5u. Kh\u1ed5 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 b\u1ecdn \u0111i kinh t\u1ebf m\u1edbi, th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i, ti\u00eau tan h\u1ebft v\u1ed1n li\u1ebfng, v\u1ec1 S\u00e0i g\u00f2n, s\u1ed1ng c\u1ea3nh m\u00e0n tr\u1eddi chi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ea5t, \u0103n xin, moi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1ng r\u00e1c h\u00f4i th\u1ed1i, l\u01b0\u1ee3m m\u1ed9t mi\u1ebfng gi\u1ea5y v\u1ee5n, m\u1ed9t t\u00fai ni l\u00f4ng, m\u1ed9t mi\u1ebfng s\u1eaft r\u1ec9, m\u1ed9t quai d\u00e9p m\u1ee7... \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e1n cho \u201cve chai\u201d. Tr\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ed1ng t\u00fai ni l\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eeda qua loa trong n\u01b0\u1edbc d\u01a1 r\u1ed3i ph\u01a1i \u1edf l\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e1n cho ti\u1ec3u th\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ef1ng h\u00e0ng, t\u00f4i gh\u00ea t\u1edfm qu\u00e1. \u1ede B\u1eafc t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh hi\u1ec7n nay \u0111i\u00eau \u0111\u1ee9ng h\u01a1n nh\u1eefng n\u0103m kh\u00e1ng M\u0129. Nghe n\u00f3i ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e2u ca dao (4): Anh \u0110\u1ed3ng, anh Du\u1ea9n, anh Trinh, Ba anh c\u00f3 bi\u1ebft d\u00e2n t\u00ecnh cho kh\u00f4ng? Rau mu\u1ed1ng n\u1eeda b\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed3ng Con \u0103n b\u1ed1 nh\u1ecbn, \u0111au l\u00f2ng th\u1eb1ng d\u00e2n. \u1ede Nam c\u00f3 n\u01a1i hai th\u00e1ng nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e3nh l\u01b0\u01a1ng, ch\u1eafc nhi\u1ec1u gia \u0111\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 ti\u1ec1n mua rau mu\u1ed1ng cho con n\u1eefa. M\u1ed9t b\u1ea1n t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i \u0103n n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eafm kho kh\u00f4. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ti\u1ec1n mua rau th\u00ec l\u00e0m g\u00ec c\u00f3 ti\u1ec1n mua th\u1ecbt. Mu\u1ed1n l\u00e2u l\u00e2u c\u00f3 th\u1ecbt th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i nu\u00f4i heo, g\u00e0, cho n\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u c\u01a1 quan ngay khi m\u1edbi th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp \u0111\u00e3 ngh\u0129 ngay \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c h\u00f9n ti\u1ec1n (hay l\u1ea5y trong qu\u0129?) mua heo con, ph\u00e2n c\u00f4ng nhau nu\u00f4i t\u1ea1i khu \u1edf t\u1eadp th\u1ec3, nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1ec5, t\u1ebft m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ecbt li\u00ean hoan. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u00e8m th\u1ecbt qu\u00e1, cho n\u00ean li\u00ean hoan lu b\u00f9, b\u1ea5t k\u00ec m\u1ed9t d\u1ecbp g\u00ec c\u0169ng li\u00ean hoan \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c: m\u1ed9t b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ed3ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ban khen, ng\u00e0y t\u1ef1u tr\u01b0\u1eddng, b\u00e3i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, h\u1ecdp b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp, ban h\u00e0nh hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p m\u1edbi, l\u00e0m xong m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c, m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y l\u1ec5, t\u1ebft... m\u1ed7i n\u0103m li\u00ean hoan c\u1ea3 ch\u1ee5c l\u1ea7n l\u00e0 \u00edt. C\u01a1 quan n\u00e0o c\u0169ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 nh\u00e0 b\u1ebfp, ch\u00e9n \u0111\u0129a, xoong ch\u1ea3o, ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m b\u1ebfp (l\u1ef1a trong nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean) \u0111\u1ec3 n\u1ea5u \u0103n l\u00e0m ti\u1ec7c V\u00e0 khi ng\u1ed3i v\u00e0o b\u00e0n ti\u1ec7c th\u00ec ch\u1eb3ng ai m\u1eddi ai, \u0111\u1ee3i ai, m\u1ea1nh ai n\u1ea5y g\u1eafp, \u0103n cho th\u1eadt mau (t\u1edbi n\u1ed7i c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3o c\u1ee9 nu\u1ed1t tr\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1ed3i s\u1ebd nhai sau!), t\u1ec7 g\u1ea5p 10 th\u00f3i \u0103n u\u1ed1ng \u1edf \u0111\u00ecnh l\u00e0ng m\u00e0 Ng\u00f4 T\u1ea5t T\u1ed1 \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea1t s\u00e1t trong cu\u1ed1n Vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0ng. https:\/\/thuviensach.vn","Ngh\u00e8o th\u00ec sinh ra \u1edf b\u1ea9n. Ngay trong khu t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc H\u00e0 n\u1ed9i, ph\u00f2ng m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 \u1edf Ph\u00e1p v\u1ec1 c\u0169ng d\u01a1 d\u00e1y, t\u1eeb s\u00e0n g\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ebfn t\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea7y v\u1ebft b\u1ea9n. H\u1ecfi nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0m sao ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, \u00f4ng ta nh\u00fan vai \u0111\u00e1p: \u201cL\u00e2u r\u1ed3i quen \u0111i\u201d Kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean tr\u00e1ch \u00f4ng ta. D\u00f9 mu\u1ed1n s\u1ed1ng s\u1ea1ch c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c: \u0111\u00e2u c\u00f3 v\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u00e9t t\u01b0\u1eddng? \u0111\u00e2u c\u00f3 x\u00e0 b\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 r\u1eeda s\u00e0n? \u0111\u00e2u c\u00f3 gi\u1ebb \u0111\u1ec3 lau? N\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00ec c\u00f3 nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea3i xu\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ee9ng r\u1ed3i x\u00e1ch l\u00ean 5-6 ch\u1ee5c b\u1ef1c thang, ai m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ng\u1ea1i? Ph\u1ea3i, l\u00e2u r\u1ed3i th\u00ec quen \u0111i. N\u1ebfu t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m n\u1eefa, to\u00e0n d\u00e2n s\u1ebd quen \u0111i, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y g\u00ec l\u00e0 b\u1ea9n n\u1eefa. Hi\u1ec7n nay \u1edf trong Nam \u0111\u00e3 nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ee5i \u0111\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ea7y b\u00e0n gh\u1ebf - m\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc kia h\u1ecd s\u1ed1ng r\u1ea5t s\u1ea1ch - m\u1ea1ng nh\u1ec7n gi\u0103ng \u0111\u1ea7y tr\u1ea7n, c\u00f2n d\u00e2n th\u1ecb x\u00e3 th\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 quen v\u1edbi c\u1ea3nh b\u1ed1n n\u0103m ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f9i n\u1eb1m tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0a t\u1edbi ch\u1ee3, l\u0103n \u1edf gi\u1eefa ch\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ec3 xin \u0103n. C\u00e2u \u201cngh\u00e8o cho s\u1ea1ch, r\u00e1ch cho th\u01a1m\u201d c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng cha, ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00ec ch\u00fang ta ngh\u00e8o t\u1edbi m\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u1edf s\u1ea1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. X\u00e3 H\u1ed9i Sa \u0110\u1ecda \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e1ng ng\u1ea1i nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 sa \u0111\u1ecda v\u1ec1 tinh th\u1ea7n, t\u1edbi m\u1ea5t nh\u00e2n ph\u1ea9m. 1) Tham nh\u0169ng \u1ede t\u1ec9nh n\u00e0o c\u0169ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 tham nh\u0169ng c\u1ea5u k\u1ebft v\u1edbi nhau th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0103n \u0111\u00fat \u0103n l\u00f3t m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tr\u1eafng tr\u1ee3n, kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i l\u00e9n l\u00fat. C\u00f3 gi\u00e1 bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u00e0ng ho\u00e0ng: xin v\u00f4 h\u1ed9 kh\u1ea9u m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 l\u1edbn th\u00ec bao nhi\u00eau ti\u1ec1n, m\u1ed9t th\u1ecb x\u00e3 nh\u1ecf th\u00ec bao nhi\u00eau, m\u1ed9t \u1ea5p th\u00ec bao nhi\u00eau. Mu\u1ed1n mua m\u1ed9t v\u00e9 m\u00e1y bay, v\u00e9 xe l\u1eeda th\u00ec bao nhi\u00eau. Mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t ch\u00e2n c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean, ph\u1ea3i n\u1ed9p bao nhi\u00eau... C\u00e1i t\u1ec7 \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f2n l\u1edbn h\u01a1n t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c th\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edbc. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 n\u00e0o b\u1ecb d\u00e2n t\u1ed1 c\u00e1o nhi\u1ec1u qu\u00e1 th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u0169ng \u0111i\u1ec1u tra, \u0111\u01b0a c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 \u0111\u00f3 t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 quan kh\u00e1c (c\u00f3 khi c\u00f2n d\u1ec3 ki\u1ebfm \u0103n h\u01a1n c\u01a1 quan c\u0169), \u0111em ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c (c\u0169ng tham nh\u0169ng n\u1eefa) l\u1ea1i thay. \u00cdt th\u00e1ng sau d\u00e2n ch\u00fang ngu\u00f4i ngoai r\u1ed3i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0a k\u1ebb c\u00f3 t\u1ed9i v\u1ec1 ch\u1ed7 c\u0169. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta b\u00eanh v\u1ef1c nhau (c\u0169ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean c\u1ea3 m\u00e0) v\u00ec \u0103n ch\u1ecbu v\u1edbi nhau r\u1ed3i. D\u00e2n th\u1ea5y v\u1eady, ch\u00e1n, kh\u00f4ng ph\u00ed s\u1ee9c t\u1ed1 c\u00e1o n\u1eefa. C\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f2n b\u1ea3o: \u201cCh\u1ed1ng ch\u00fang l\u00e0m g\u00ec? N\u00ean khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch ch\u00fang sa \u0111\u1ecda th\u00eam ch\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00fang mau s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5\u201d. C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng ti u\u1ed1ng m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y m\u1ed9t ve Whisky (t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft gi\u00e1 m\u1ea5y tr\u0103m \u0111\u1ed3ng), h\u00fat hai ba g\u00f3i thu\u1ed1c th\u01a1m 555 (30 \u0111\u1ed3ng m\u1ed9t g\u00f3i). B\u1ecdn \u0111\u00e0n em c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd c\u0169ng h\u00fat thu\u1ed1c th\u01a1m, \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u00e2m m\u1ed9t t\u00f4 ph\u1edf 6 \u0111\u1ed3ng, m\u1ed9t li c\u00e0 ph\u00ea s\u1eefa 4 \u0111\u1ed3ng, s\u00e1ng n\u00e0o nh\u01b0 s\u00e1ng n\u1ea5y m\u00e0 l\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 60-70 \u0111\u1ed3ng m\u1ed9t th\u00e1ng. https:\/\/thuviensach.vn","2) \u0102n c\u1eafp Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady th\u00ec t\u1ea5t ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng v\u1ee5 \u0103n c\u1eafp c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng (Kho m\u1ed9t trung t\u00e2m \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u1ef1c n\u1ecd c\u1ee9 b\u1ed1n n\u0103m th\u00e1ng l\u1ea1i m\u1ea5t tr\u1ed9m m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng tra ra th\u1ee7 ph\u1ea1m; r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ed3n x\u0103ng b\u1ecb r\u00fat c\u1ea3 ng\u00e0n l\u00edt x\u0103ng r\u1ed3i thay b\u1eb1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc...), th\u1ee5t k\u00e9t, \u00f4m v\u00e0ng trong ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec1 v\u01b0\u1ee3t bi\u00ean, c\u00f3 khi l\u1ea1i t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng v\u1ee5 kho b\u1ecb c\u01b0\u1edbp, b\u1ecb ch\u00e1y v.v... Y t\u00e1 \u0103n b\u1edbt thu\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n r\u1ed3i t\u1ed1 c\u00e1o l\u1eabn nhau, gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c bi\u1ebft m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m g\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. L\u1edbn \u0103n c\u1eafp l\u1edbn, nh\u1ecf \u0103n c\u1eafp nh\u1ecf. \u0103n c\u1eafp nh\u1ecf th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 b\u1ecb \u0111u\u1ed5i ch\u1edb kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb t\u1ed9i, v\u00ec \u201ch\u1ecd ngh\u00e8o n\u00ean ph\u1ea3i \u0103n c\u1eafp\u201d, m\u00e0 nh\u1ed1t kh\u00e1m h\u1ecd th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 t\u1ed1n g\u1ea1o nu\u00f4i. V\u00ec v\u1eady ch\u00fang c\u00e0ng ho\u00e0nh h\u00e0nh, \u0103n c\u1eafp, \u0103n c\u01b0\u1edbp gi\u1eefa ch\u1ee3, c\u1ea3nh s\u00e1t l\u00e0m l\u01a1, c\u00f2n d\u00e2n ch\u00fang th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng d\u00e1m la, s\u1ee3 b\u1ecdn ch\u00fang h\u00e0nh hung. \u0102n c\u1eafp l\u1edbn, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u1ec9m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i \u0111i\u1ec1u tra, b\u1eaft giam \u00edt l\u00e2u r\u1ed3i nh\u00e2n m\u1ed9t l\u1ec5 l\u1edbn n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, \u00e2n x\u00e1; kh\u00f4ng xin \u00e2n x\u00e1 cho h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00ec \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ea3ng t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c cho v\u01b0\u1ee3t ng\u1ee5c r\u1ed3i c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u01b0\u1ee3t bi\u00ean y\u00ean \u1ed5n. 3) Bu\u00f4n l\u1eadu N\u1ea1n \u201cphe ph\u1ea9y\u201d (bu\u00f4n l\u1eadu, l\u00e0m ch\u1ee3 \u0111en) c\u00f2n b\u00e0nh tr\u01b0\u1edbng h\u01a1n n\u1eefa. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n ba d\u00e2n mi\u1ec1n Nam (\u1edf B\u1eafc ch\u1eafc \u00edt h\u01a1n) l\u00e0m ngh\u1ec1 \u0111\u00f3. H\u1ecd m\u00f3c n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t, v\u1edbi gi\u1edbi xe \u0111\u00f2; v\u00e0 c\u1ee9 n\u0103m chuy\u1ebfn b\u1ecb t\u1ecbch thu m\u1ed9t chuy\u1ebfn th\u00ec h\u1ecd v\u1eabn c\u00f2n s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 ngh\u1ec1 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7 \u0103n, \u0111\u00f4i khi ph\u00e8 ph\u1ee1n n\u1eefa, c\u00f2n l\u00e0m ngh\u1ec1 g\u00ec kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng s\u1ea1t nghi\u1ec7p. B\u1ecdn \u201cl\u01a1 xe\u201d b\u00e1n v\u00e9 cho b\u1ecdn bu\u00f4n l\u1eadu \u0111\u00f3, gi\u1ea5u h\u00e0ng cho h\u1ecd, ki\u1ebfm m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 200 \u0111\u1ed3ng, b\u1eb1ng l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00e1ng m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng. D\u0129 nhi\u00ean h\u1ecd c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i chia m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n cho c\u00f4ng an, ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t vi\u00ean. H\u1ecd h\u00fat to\u00e0n thu\u1ed1c th\u01a1m, u\u1ed1ng to\u00e0n c\u00e0 ph\u00ea fin (filtre: l\u1ecdc), \u0103n m\u1ed9t t\u00f4 ph\u1edf 6 d\u1ed3ng (gi\u00e1 1980), b\u1eadn to\u00e0n \u0111\u1ed3 M\u0129. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta g\u1ecdi h\u1ecd l\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u201c\u00f4ng l\u01a1\u201d. M\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee9a ch\u00e1u c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i h\u1ecdc l\u1edbp 9, v\u00e0o h\u1ea1ng ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn, th\u1ea5y h\u1ecd s\u1ed1ng sung s\u01b0\u1edbng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, mu\u1ed1n b\u1ecf h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc l\u00e0m l\u01a1 xe, c\u0169ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u h\u00fat thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1, u\u1ed1ng c\u00e0 ph\u00ea r\u1ed3i. Ngo\u00e0i B\u1eafc kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u1ea1o \u0103n m\u00e0 mi\u1ec1n T\u00e2y trong Nam l\u00e0ng n\u00e0o c\u0169ng c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 ch\u1ee5c l\u00f2 - nghe n\u00f3i c\u00f3 l\u00e0ng c\u1ea3 100 l\u00f2 - n\u1ea5u r\u01b0\u1ee3u l\u1eadu \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a l\u00ean Cao mi\u00ean v\u00e0 ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 ngay trong mi\u1ec1n. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta pha v\u00e0o trong r\u01b0\u1ee3u m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 - thu\u1ed1c tr\u1eeb s\u00e2u - cho n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a r\u01b0\u1ee3u cao; u\u1ed1ng r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 h\u1ea1i. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta n\u00f3i \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng v\u1ee5 bu\u00f4n l\u1eadu thu\u1ed1c phi\u1ec7n; n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 th\u00ec c\u0169ng nh\u1ecf th\u00f4i, k\u00e9m xa th\u1eddi M\u0129, Thi\u1ec7u. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1eadu nh\u01b0 v\u1ea3i, thu\u1ed1c th\u01a1m, thu\u1ed1c t\u00e2y... th\u00ec kho\u1ea3ng m\u1ed9t n\u0103m nay lan tr\u00e0n th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng: t\u00e0u Th\u00e1i lan \u0111\u1eadu https:\/\/thuviensach.vn","ngo\u00e0i kh\u01a1i, ghe t\u00e0u c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh t\u1eeb b\u1edd b\u0103ng ra, \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0ng ra \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1c th\u1ee9 \u0111\u00f3, c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed t\u1eeb Singapore hay Nh\u1eadt b\u1ea3n n\u1eefa. L\u1ea1i th\u00eam d\u1ecdc bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi Vi\u1ec7t - Mi\u00ean, Mi\u00ean - Th\u00e1i c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bu\u00f4n l\u1eadu t\u1eeb Th\u00e1i qua Mi\u00ean r\u1ed3i qua Vi\u1ec7t. Kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft v\u00e0ng Vi\u1ec7t nam m\u1ed7i n\u0103m ch\u1ea1y ra n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i bao nhi\u00eau. C\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1eadu th\u00ec lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed3 gi\u1ea3. B\u1ecdn t\u00e0u Ch\u1ee3 l\u1edbn c\u00e1i g\u00ec c\u0169ng l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, t\u1eeb r\u01b0\u1ee3u t\u1edbi thu\u1ed1c h\u00fat, d\u1ea7u th\u01a1m... nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 d\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea9m T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u00ec th\u1ee9 n\u00e0y v\u1eeba hi\u1ebfm v\u1eeba \u0111\u1eaft. M\u1ed9t b\u00e1c s\u0129 khuy\u00ean t\u00f4i \u0111\u1eebng mua Ampicilline, B12, Vitamine C (ch\u00edch), Syncortyl \u1edf ch\u1ee3 tr\u1eddi. Ch\u1ecb h\u1ed1t r\u00e1c trong khu t\u00f4i \u1edf m\u1ed9t bu\u1ed5i s\u00e1ng th\u1ea5y trong m\u1ed9t th\u00f9ng r\u00e1c m\u1ed9t b\u1ecdc l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ea7y \u1ed1ng Vitamine C \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00edch. C\u00f3 t\u1edbi 200 \u1ed1ng, m\u1ed7i \u1ed1ng 2cc, m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 b\u00e1n cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 6 \u0111\u1ed3ng. Ch\u1ec9 kh\u1ed5 d\u00e2n qu\u00ea. Th\u1ebf n\u00e0o c\u0169ng c\u00f3 y s\u0129, y t\u00e1 ch\u00edch cho h\u1ecd th\u1ee9 \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 ch\u00e9m 5 hay 3 \u0111\u1ed3ng m\u1ed9t m\u0169i. N\u1ea1n c\u1edd b\u1ea1c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f4ng khai nh\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc, nh\u01b0ng n\u1ea1n \u201cx\u1ed5 s\u1ed1 \u0111u\u00f4i\u201d th\u00ec c\u00f4ng khai r\u1ed3i; ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta b\u00e0n nhau n\u00ean \u0111\u00e1nh s\u1ed1 n\u00e0o, s\u1ed1 n\u00e0o \u1edf ngay gi\u1eefa ch\u1ee3. X\u01b0a m\u1ed7i tu\u1ea7n ch\u1ec9 x\u1ed5 s\u1ed1 m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n, nay m\u1ed7i tu\u1ea7n b\u1ea3y t\u00e1m l\u1ea7n v\u00ec t\u1ec9nh n\u00e0o c\u0169ng x\u1ed5 s\u1ed1, t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb m\u00e0! Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n ch\u1ec9 ngong ng\u00f3ng ch\u1edd gi\u1edd x\u1ed5 s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ec3 d\u00f2 s\u1ed1 m\u00e0 b\u1ecf b\u00ea c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c. Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ea1t nghi\u1ec7p, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3 ki\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mi\u1ebfng \u0103n; th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o h\u1ed3i h\u01b0u, \u0111\u1ea1i \u00fay \u0111i c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o v\u1ec1, ng\u1ed3i b\u00e1n gi\u1ea5y s\u1ed1 \u1edf ch\u1ee3, ki\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u01b0\u01a1i \u0111\u1ed3ng m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y. N\u1ea1n cho vay n\u1eb7ng l\u00e3i c\u0169ng kinh kh\u1ee7ng. M\u1ed9t c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean, cho b\u1ea1n trong s\u1edf vay 100 \u0111\u1ed3ng, m\u1ed7i tu\u1ea7n tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi 20 \u0111\u1ed3ng, t\u00ednh ra m\u1ed7i n\u0103m 1.000 \u0111\u1ed3ng, v\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e2n l\u00ean g\u1ea5p 10. B\u1ea1n h\u00e0ng \u1edf ch\u1ee3 kh\u00f4ng ch\u01a1i h\u1ee5i th\u00e1ng nh\u01b0 x\u01b0a n\u1eefa, m\u00e0 ch\u01a1i h\u1ee5i tu\u1ea7n, h\u1ee5i ng\u00e0y! N\u1ea1n \u0111\u0129 \u0111i\u1ebfm \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ebft \u0111\u00e2u. Ngay cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 1975, m\u1ed9t c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn \u1edf b\u01b0ng v\u1ec1 m\u1eafc b\u1ec7nh hoa li\u1ec5u h\u1ebft r\u1ed3i; m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 r\u1ea5t nghi\u00eam trang \u0111\u1ea1o m\u1ea1o - c\u00f3 k\u1ebb ngo\u00e0i 70 tu\u1ed3i - t\u1eeb H\u00e0 n\u1ed9i v\u00e0o, n\u0103n n\u1ec9 c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n trong Nam ch\u1ec9 ch\u1ed7 cho h\u1ecd h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00fa m\u00ea li \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n cho bi\u1ebft m\u00f9i. Ch\u1ec9 kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 b\u00e2y gi\u1edd ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta l\u00e0m ngh\u1ec1 \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00f4ng l\u1ed9 li\u1ec5u qu\u00e1 nh\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc. H\u1ecd r\u1ea5t th\u00edch s\u00e1ch khi\u00eau d\u00e2m, v\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y v\u1edbi lo\u1ea1i truy\u1ec7n ch\u01b0\u1edfng lan ra B\u1eafc t\u1eeb m\u1ea5y n\u0103m nay r\u1ed3i. T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i bao nhi\u00eau c\u00e1i x\u1ea5u xa th\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1eabn c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ee7 m\u00e0 c\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n c\u00f2n t\u1edfm h\u01a1n n\u1eefa. Con Ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ea5t Nh\u00e2n Ph\u1ea9m Trong m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ec5 m\u1ea5t h\u1ebft nh\u00e2n ph\u1ea9m, h\u00f3a ra \u0111\u00ea ti\u1ec7n, tham lam, b\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u01a1ng, n\u00f3i l\u00e1o, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n t\u00ecnh ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u00ec c\u1ea3. https:\/\/thuviensach.vn","N\u0103m 1975 \u0111a s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c c\u00e1n b\u1ed9, c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean \u1edf B\u1eafc v\u00e0o th\u0103m gia \u0111\u00ecnh, h\u1ecd h\u00e0ng \u1edf trong Nam, c\u00f2n gi\u1eef ch\u00fat th\u1ec3 di\u1ec7n \u201cc\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng\u201d, b\u00e0 con trong n\u00e0y t\u1eb7ng h\u1ecd g\u00ec th\u00ec h\u1ecd nh\u1eadn, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00f2i; v\u1ec1 sau h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng gi\u1eef k\u1ebd n\u1eefa, t\u1eb7ng h\u1ecd m\u1ed9t th\u00ec h\u1ecd xin hai, kh\u00f4ng t\u1eb7ng h\u1ecd c\u0169ng \u0111\u00f2i, khi\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t \u00f4ng b\u1ea1n t\u00f4i b\u1ef1c m\u00ecnh, nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eeda kh\u00f4ng ti\u1ebfp m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e0 con, b\u1ea1n b\u00e8 n\u00e0o \u1edf B\u1eafc v\u00e0o n\u1eefa. G\u1edfi h\u1ecd mang ra gi\u00f9m m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch t\u1eb7ng m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf H\u00e0 n\u1ed9i, h\u1ecd gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i 5-6 th\u00e1ng, v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng con c\u00e1i, b\u1ea1n b\u00e8 coi cho h\u1ebft l\u01b0\u1ee3t, s\u00e1ch nh\u00e0u r\u1ed3i, h\u1ecd m\u1edbi \u0111em l\u1ea1i cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadn s\u00e1ch; c\u00f3 khi h\u1ecd l\u1ea5y lu\u00f4n, nh\u1eafc h\u1ecd, h\u1ecd b\u1ea3o th\u1ea5t l\u1ea1c, \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ebfm. M\u00e0 ba ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u00e1ch th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea3m \u01a1n t\u00f4i. M\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 v\u0103n \u0111\u1ea5t B\u1eafc l\u00e0m cho m\u1ed9t t\u1edd b\u00e1o n\u1ecd nh\u1edd m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 v\u0103n trong Nam vi\u1ebft b\u00e0i, h\u1ee9a s\u1ebd tr\u1ea3 bao nhi\u00eau \u0111\u00f3. Vi\u1ebft r\u1ed3i \u0111\u01b0a h\u1ecd, h\u1ecd \u0111\u0103ng, nh\u01b0ng k\u00ed t\u00ean c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd r\u1ed3i \u0111\u01b0a cho nh\u00e0 v\u0103n trong Nam n\u1eeda s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n nhu\u1eadn b\u00fat th\u00f4i, c\u00f2n h\u1ecd gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda. V\u1eeba \u0103n c\u1eafp v\u0103n, v\u1eeba \u0103n ch\u1eb7n ti\u1ec1n. Ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd mi\u1ec1n Nam c\u00f3 b\u1ecdn c\u1ea7m b\u00fat b\u1ea9n th\u1ec9u nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. M\u1ed9t b\u1ea1n h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i \u1edf B\u1eafc khuy\u00ean t\u00f4i \u0111\u1eebng giao b\u1ea3n th\u1ea3o c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i cho ai h\u1ebft, kh\u00f4ng tin ai \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3, h\u1ecd s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ea1o v\u0103n. Th\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p thu\u1ed9c, kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean b\u01b0u ch\u00ednh \u0103n c\u1eafp \u0111\u1ed3 trong c\u00e1c b\u01b0u ki\u1ec7n. Th\u1eddi Nguy\u1ec5n v\u0103n Thi\u1ec7u th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u1ee5 \u0103n c\u1eafp nh\u01b0ng nh\u1ecf th\u00f4i. T\u1eeb b\u1ed1n n\u0103m nay \u1edf kh\u1eafp mi\u1ec1n Nam, c\u1ee9 10 b\u01b0u ki\u1ec7n \u1edf ngo\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c g\u1edfi v\u1ec1 th\u00ec c\u00f3 6-7 b\u01b0u ki\u1ec7n b\u1ecb \u0103n c\u1eafp ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u00e1nh tr\u00e1o v\u00e0i ba m\u00f3n, th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 d\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 v\u1ea3i. K\u00eau n\u00e0i th\u00ec nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean b\u01b0u ch\u00ednh b\u1ea3o: \u201cKh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn th\u00ec th\u00f4i; c\u00f3 mu\u1ed1n khi\u1ebfu n\u1ea1i th\u00ec c\u1ee9 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01a1n \u0111i\u201d. Kh\u00f4ng ai bu\u1ed3n khi\u1ebfu n\u1ea1i c\u1ea3 v\u00ec c\u1ea3 n\u0103m ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3, m\u00e0 n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 th\u00ec s\u1ed1 b\u1ed3i th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng b\u00f5. Cho n\u00ean ch\u00fang tha h\u1ed3 \u0103n c\u1eafp, \u0103n c\u01b0\u1edbp m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tr\u1eafng tr\u1ee3n. Tr\u1eafng tr\u1ee3n nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 ch\u00fang l\u1ea5y tr\u1ed9m t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 b\u01b0u ki\u1ec7n trong m\u1ed9t kho, nh\u01b0 \u1edf Long xuy\u00ean n\u0103m 1981; n\u1ebfu l\u00e0 kho l\u1edbn th\u00ec ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ed1t kho nh\u01b0 \u1edf T\u00e2n s\u01a1n nh\u1ea5t hai n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Nh\u01a1 nh\u1edbp nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 v\u1ee5 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 n\u1ecd v\u00e0o h\u00e0ng ph\u00f3 gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c, m\u01b0u m\u00f4 v\u1edbi v\u1ee3, l\u00e0m b\u1ed9 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u01b0\u1ee3t bi\u00ean cho v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng con c\u00e1i m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee9a ch\u00e1u ru\u1ed9t, b\u00e1c s\u0129 \u1edf S\u00e0i g\u00f2n, nh\u1eadn m\u1ea5y ch\u1ee5c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00e1u (v\u00e0 s\u00e1u ch\u1ee5c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a gia \u0111\u00ecnh b\u00ean v\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ee9a ch\u00e1u \u0111\u00f3 n\u1eefa v\u00ec h\u1ecd c\u0169ng mu\u1ed1n v\u01b0\u1ee3t bi\u00ean), r\u1ed3i l\u1eeba g\u1ea1t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta, t\u1ed1 c\u00e1o v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng an b\u1eaft h\u1ebft c\u1ea3 nh\u00f3m tr\u00ean m\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u01b0\u1eddi khi h\u1ecd ra V\u0169ng t\u00e0u ch\u1edd ghe \u0111\u01b0a ra kh\u01a1i. \u0110a s\u1ed1 c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 \u1edf Nam \u0111\u00e3 t\u01b0 https:\/\/thuviensach.vn","b\u1ea3n h\u00f3a r\u1ed3i, m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i m\u00e0 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady th\u00ec ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n c\u00e1i t\u00ean th\u00f4i. S\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00f3a ra c\u00f3 hai m\u1eb7t nh\u01b0 Sakharov \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i: ch\u1ec9 gi\u1eefa ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ed9 m\u1eb7t th\u1eadt, c\u00f2n th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i \u0111eo m\u1eb7t n\u1ea1; lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u00f2ng b\u1ea1n b\u00e8, l\u00e1ng gi\u1ec1ng, c\u00f3 khi c\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong nh\u00e0 n\u1eefa. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta t\u00ednh c\u1ee9 5 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00ec c\u00f3 1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t t\u1eebng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef, h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a 4 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kia. Ngay m\u1ed9t ph\u00f3 vi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u0169ng l\u00e0m v\u1ec9\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n trong vi\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng hay. D\u0129 nhi\u00ean k\u1ebb ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ea1i b\u1ecb ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t l\u1ea1i. \u1ede Nga th\u1eddi Staline nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, \u1edf B\u1eafc nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1954-1960 c\u0169ng g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 v\u1eady; \u1edf Nam \u0111\u1ee1 h\u01a1n v\u00ec \u0111a s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu l\u00e0m th\u1ee9 m\u1eadt th\u00e1m ch\u00ecm \u0111\u00f3. N\u1ea1n l\u00e0m ti\u1ec1n, t\u1ed1ng ti\u1ec1n lan tr\u00e0n kh\u1eafp c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh, c\u1ea3 trong ng\u00e0nh c\u1ee9u nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ebf v\u00e0 ng\u00e0nh t\u1ed1ng t\u00e1ng. \u0110\u1ec3 cho b\u00e1c s\u0129 ng\u1ee5y \u0111\u1ee7 s\u1ed1ng m\u00e0 kh\u1ecfi v\u01b0\u1ee3t bi\u00ean, ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 n\u0103m 1980 cho ph\u00e9p h\u1ecd ngo\u00e0i gi\u1edd l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00e1m th\u00eam b\u1ec7nh \u1edf nh\u00e0 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh cho h\u1ecd s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n th\u00f9 lao l\u00e0 1 \u0111\u1ed3ng \u1edf S\u00e0i g\u00f2n, 0,8 \u0111\u1ed3ng \u1edf t\u1ec9nh (5). Nh\u01b0ng \u1edf Long xuy\u00ean b\u00e1c s\u0129 n\u00e0o c\u0169ng thu c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n 10 \u0111\u1ed3ng. C\u00f3 k\u1ebb ra m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i toa c\u1ea7n 9 th\u1ee9 thu\u1ed1c to\u00e0n th\u1ee9 \u0111\u1eaft ti\u1ec1n, tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh: tim, ph\u1ed5i, gan, th\u1eadn, bao t\u1eed... cho m\u1ed9t b\u00e0 l\u00e3o suy nh\u01b0\u1ee3c, r\u1ed3i b\u1ea3o l\u1ea1i mua c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t t\u00ean bu\u00f4n l\u1eadu \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u00f5a v\u1edbi h\u1ecd. T\u00ednh ra toa \u0111\u00f3 mua cho \u0111\u1ee7 th\u00ec m\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u0169 (2.000 \u0111\u1ed3ng m\u1edbi). M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u00e1c s\u0129 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m ti\u1ec1n c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f3, kh\u00f4ng ra toa m\u00e0 b\u1eaft b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c \u00f4ng \u1ea5y cho thu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 ch\u00edch cho, v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 c\u00e1c \u00f4ng \u1ea5y t\u1eeb 60 \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ebfn 100 \u0111\u1ed3ng m\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n. N\u0103m 1981, ti\u1ec1n th\u00f9 lao t\u1eeb 10 \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ea1 xu\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n 5 \u0111\u1ed3ng, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd v\u00ec b\u00e1c s\u0129 l\u00e0m ri\u00eang kh\u00e1 \u0111\u00f4ng, c\u1ea1nh tranh nhau. V\u00e0 th\u00e1ng 7- 1981 c\u00f3 l\u1ec7nh kh\u00f4ng cho b\u00e1c s\u0129 c\u00f4ng l\u00e0m t\u01b0 t\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 n\u1eefa, m\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m t\u01b0 th\u00ec l\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m ngo\u00e0i gi\u1edd l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c. Ch\u01b0a th\u1ea5y ai theo. B\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n l\u1ee1 m\u00e0 ch\u1ebft th\u00ec b\u1ecb h\u00e0ng x\u0103ng t\u1ed1ng ti\u1ec1n: qu\u1ed1c doanh \u0111\u1ecbnh 45 \u0111\u1ed3ng k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t b\u1ecbch thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1 v\u00e0 4 th\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ea3i th\u00f4, nh\u01b0ng tang gia ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 400 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u00ec x\u0103ng m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gh\u00e9p l\u1ea1i k\u0129, kh\u1ecfi tr\u1ed1ng h\u1ed5ng tr\u1ed1ng ho\u1ea3ng v\u1edbi 8 c\u00e2y \u0111inh \u0111\u00f3ng h\u1edd. R\u1ed3i t\u1edbi nh\u00e0 \u0111\u00f2n c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ea7u c\u01a1: h\u1ea1 huy\u1ec7t xong, ph\u1ee7 qua m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ea5t cho b\u1eb1ng m\u1eb7t, mu\u1ed1n c\u00f3 c\u00e1i m\u1ed3 cho ra m\u1ed3 th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0a th\u00eam v\u00e0i tr\u0103m \u0111\u1ed3ng n\u1eefa. N\u1ebfu \u0111em thi\u00eau m\u00e0 c\u1ee9 n\u1ed9p \u0111\u00fang l\u1ec7 th\u00ec x\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ed1ng, x\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u00f4ng b\u1ecb n\u00e9m ri\u00eang v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t ch\u1ed7, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng thi\u00eau h\u1ebft. Ai n\u1ee1 \u0111\u1ec3 cha m\u1eb9 m\u00ecnh qu\u00e8! T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u1ec9 t\u1ea1i c\u00e1i l\u1ec7 ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u00e1, \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1ebb qu\u00e1 kh\u00f4ng cho d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee7 s\u1ed1ng, d\u00e2n ph\u1ea3i xoay x\u1edf l\u1ea5y, b\u00f3c l\u1ed9t l\u1eabn nhau. C\u1ed5 kim ch\u01b0a m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 https:\/\/thuviensach.vn","h\u1ed9i n\u00e0o phi l\u00ed nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. V\u00ec bi\u1ebft m\u00ecnh phi l\u00ed n\u00ean c\u00f3 n\u01a1i ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n l\u00e0m ng\u01a1 cho b\u00e1c s\u0129 l\u00e0m \u0103n, cho ph\u00e9p c\u1ea3 gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean ng\u1ee5y d\u1ea1y th\u00eam t\u1ea1i nh\u00e0. N\u00f3i cho ngay, th\u1eddi n\u00e0o trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u0169ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u01b0\u01a1ng thi\u1ec7n. V\u00e0 \u00f4ng Ph\u1ea1m v\u0103n \u0110\u1ed3ng \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng th\u1eddi n\u00e0y h\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00f3 thi\u1ec7t th\u00f2i nh\u1ea5t. T\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t hai c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 trung c\u1ea5p li\u00eam khi\u1ebft, ch\u1ecbu ngh\u00e8o, nu\u00f4i heo th\u00eam, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng tham nh\u0169ng. Gia \u0111\u00ecnh h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i \u0103n rau mu\u1ed1ng; qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o th\u00ec v\u00e1 \u0111\u1ee5p, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i h\u1ecd ngh\u00e8o nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n ngh\u00e8o nh\u1ea5t th\u1eddi x\u01b0a. T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i sau 5 n\u0103m ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y ch\u00fat ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 n\u00e0o c\u1ea3 m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 chia r\u1ebd trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, s\u1ef1 tan r\u00e3 trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh, s\u1ef1 sa \u0111\u1ecda c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, s\u1ef1 suy s\u1ee5p c\u1ee7a kinh t\u1ebf. \u00d4ng H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh c\u00f3 l\u1ea7n n\u00f3i: \u201cMu\u1ed1n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a\u201d. Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eabn l\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n c\u1ea3. C\u00f3 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ed1t, ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch t\u1ed1t m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t th\u00ec c\u0169ng h\u1ecfng h\u1ebft. Ai c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng tinh th\u1ea7n, t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111a s\u1ed1 c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 c\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng sa s\u00fat, h\u1ee7 h\u00f3a m\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y m\u1ed9t l\u00f9i xa. \u00d4ng H\u1ed3 \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e1i m\u00f2i suy vi \u0111\u00f3 khi \u00f4ng th\u1ed1t ra l\u1eddi tr\u00ean ch\u0103ng? Phong Tr\u00e0o V\u01b0\u1ee3t Bi\u00ean T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft tr\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u1edd gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng, t\u1eeb B\u1ebfn h\u1ea3i tr\u1edf v\u00e0o trong s\u1ed1 tr\u00ean 20 tri\u1ec7u d\u00e2n c\u00f3 bao nhi\u00eau ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ed9i v\u00e3 di c\u01b0 \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ed1n c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n. D\u0103m b\u1ea3y ng\u00e0n hay v\u00e0i ch\u1ee5c ng\u00e0n? Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o c\u0169ng c\u00f3 t\u00e2m tr\u1ea1ng n\u00e3o n\u1ec1: b\u1ecf qu\u00ea cha \u0111\u1ea5t t\u1ed5, b\u1ecf th\u00e2n th\u00edch b\u1ea1n b\u00e8, b\u1ecf c\u1ea3 s\u1ea3n nghi\u1ec7p (c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi mua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 v\u00e0i ba ch\u1ee5c tri\u1ec7u - h\u1ed3i \u0111\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng 100.000 \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u0169 m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0ng - ch\u01b0a \u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 5-6 th\u00e1ng \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecf l\u1ea1i) \u0111\u1ec3 qua n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0103n nh\u1edd \u1edf \u0111\u1eadu, l\u00e0m th\u1ee9 c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n \u201cda m\u00e0u\u201d, m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n h\u1ea1ng hai, v\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u1ea1i t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u; nh\u01b0 v\u1eady ai m\u00e0 vui cho \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c? Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i \u0111\u00f3 ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 qu\u00e2n nh\u00e2n, c\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9c trong c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc, ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n \u1edf B\u1eafc, s\u1ee3 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u00e3 di c\u01b0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n nay l\u1ea1i di c\u01b0 l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf l\u1ea1i x\u00e9t chung, \u0111\u1ec1u s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1edbi, d\u00f9 ch\u01b0a bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 n\u00f3 ra sao; m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f4ng c\u00f2n h\u0103ng h\u00e1i ti\u1ebfp tay v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p cho t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai n\u1eefa. Nh\u01b0ng ch\u1eb3ng bao l\u00e2u nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea5t v\u1ecdng, qua n\u0103m 1976, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 l\u00e1c \u0111\u00e1c m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 thanh ni\u00ean v\u01b0\u1ee3t bi\u00ean. H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, kh\u00f4ng chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb k\u0129, l\u00ean mi\u1ec1n cao nguy\u00ean \u1edf Trung r\u1ed3i ki\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng qua L\u00e0o, t\u1eeb L\u00e0o s\u1ebd qua Th\u00e1i lan. H\u1ecd b\u1ecb b\u1eaft ho\u1eb7c th\u1ea5y nguy ph\u1ea3i quay v\u1ec1. https:\/\/thuviensach.vn","T\u1eeb n\u0103m 1977 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta d\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ec3n, phong tr\u00e0o v\u01b0\u1ee3t bi\u00ean ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n r\u1ea5t m\u1ea1nh t\u1edbi m\u1ee9c m\u1ed9t b\u00e0 gi\u00e0 n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n mi\u1ec1n T\u00e2y ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3i: \u201cC\u00e2y c\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e8n n\u1ebfu \u0111i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00ec c\u0169ng \u0111i\u201d. D\u00f9 ph\u1ea3i gian lao c\u1ef1c kh\u1ed5 t\u1edbi m\u1ee9c n\u00e0o, h\u1ec5 ra kh\u1ecfi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 s\u01b0\u1edbng r\u1ed3i, l\u00e0m m\u1ed3i cho c\u00e1 m\u1eadp v\u1eabn c\u00f2n h\u01a1n \u1edf l\u1ea1i trong n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e0 ch\u1ebft l\u1ea7n ch\u1ebft m\u00f2n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ngh\u0129 v\u1eady. Cha m\u1eb9 gi\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed7i m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi con m\u00e0 c\u0169ng khuy\u00ean n\u00f3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t bi\u00ean; ch\u1ed3ng \u0111i \u201cc\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o\u201d - ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 b\u1ecb giam trong nh\u1eefng tr\u1ea1i t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 ch\u01b0a bi\u1ebft bao gi\u1edd m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ec1 v\u00ec l\u00e0 \u201cng\u1ee5y h\u1ea1ng n\u1eb7ng\u201d, ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng, \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng - c\u0169ng nh\u1eafn v\u1ee3 con v\u01b0\u1ee3t bi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00ec c\u1ee9 v\u01b0\u1ee3t, d\u1eaft con theo. M\u1ed9t thanh ni\u00ean v\u01b0\u1ee3t bi\u00ean tho\u00e1t m\u1edbi t\u1edbi Th\u00e1i lan \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 cho cha m\u1eb9: \u201cBa m\u00e1 nh\u1edb h\u00f4m nay l\u00e0 ng\u00e0y sinh nh\u1eadt c\u1ee7a con kh\u00f4ng?\u201d v\u00e0 cha m\u1eb9 m\u1ec9m c\u01b0\u1eddi, hi\u1ec3u. C\u00f3 ba c\u00e1ch v\u01b0\u1ee3t bi\u00ean. C\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c, s\u01b0\u1edbng nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n, cha m\u1eb9, v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng hay con c\u00e1i \u1edf ngo\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c xin cho \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o\u00e0n t\u1ee5 gia \u0111\u00ecnh. Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 cho ph\u00e9p, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee7y h\u1ed9i qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf t\u1ecb n\u1ea1n (Haut commissariat des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s: H.C.R.) gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1. \u0110\u01a1n g\u1edfi r\u1ed3i, s\u00e1u th\u00e1ng hay m\u1ed9t hai n\u0103m sau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i. S\u1edbm mu\u1ed9n l\u00e0 t\u00f9y m\u00ecnh bi\u1ebft \u201cph\u1ea3i tr\u00e1i\u201d hay kh\u00f4ng. \u0110i th\u00ec gia s\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i h\u1ebft, ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mang theo \u00edt t\u01b0 trang v\u1edbi \u00edt ti\u1ec1n \u0103n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng. C\u00e1ch b\u00e1n ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c, theo nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc, cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t g\u1ed1c Hoa, nh\u01b0ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1ed1c Vi\u1ec7t m\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n th\u00e0nh g\u1ed1c Hoa th\u00ec c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00f3. C\u00f3 ti\u1ec1n l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ebft. M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee9ng ra t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, n\u1ed9p \u0111\u01a1n xin cho c\u1ea3 nh\u00f3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi - kho\u1ea3ng v\u00e0i tr\u0103m - v\u01b0\u1ee3t bi\u00ean k\u00e8m theo h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u00e0 n\u1ed9p cho ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0ng. Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 cho ph\u00e9p r\u1ed3i, b\u1ecdn ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 t\u1eadp trung l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i, h\u00f9n nhau \u0111\u00f3ng thuy\u1ec1n, \u0111\u00f3ng xong, ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 s\u1ebd cho c\u00f4ng an xu\u1ed1ng x\u00e9t thuy\u1ec1n, x\u00e9t l\u00ed l\u1ecbch, h\u00e0nh l\u00ed t\u1eebng ng\u01b0\u1eddi (m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mang theo \u00edt ti\u1ec1n th\u00f4i), r\u1ed3i cho ph\u00e9p nh\u1ed5 neo ra kh\u01a1i, ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m an ninh cho t\u1edbi khi ra h\u1ebft h\u1ea3i ph\u1eadn qu\u1ed1c gia, r\u1ed3i t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 thuy\u1ec1n mu\u1ed1n \u0111i \u0111\u00e2u th\u00ec \u0111i, ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft t\u1edbi. R\u1ea5t \u00edt n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ecbu ti\u1ebfp thu b\u1ecdn \u0111\u00f3, v\u00e0 x\u00e9t k\u0129 t\u1eebng ng\u01b0\u1eddi r\u1ed3i m\u1edbi cho l\u00ean b\u1edd. C\u00f3 thuy\u1ec1n ch\u1edf kh\u1eb3m qu\u00e1, thuy\u1ec1n \u0111\u00f3ng cho 200 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00ec ch\u1edf t\u1edbi 300, l\u1ea1i th\u00eam ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u201cg\u1edfi\u201d m\u1ed9t hai tr\u0103m ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eefa, ng\u1ed3i chen ch\u00fac nhau nh\u01b0 c\u00e1 h\u1ed9p, kh\u00f4ng nh\u00fac nh\u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, nh\u01b0 v\u1eady ba b\u1ed1n ng\u00e0y, \u0103n u\u1ed1ng, \u0111i ti\u1ec3u r\u1ea5t b\u1ea5t ti\u1ec7n m\u00e0 c\u0169ng r\u00e1n ch\u1ecbu. C\u00f3 chi\u1ebfc v\u1eeba ra kh\u01a1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0i ch\u1ee5c h\u1ea3i l\u00ed, g\u1eb7p c\u01a1n d\u00f4ng, ch\u00ecm, x\u00e1c ch\u1ebft t\u1ea5p v\u00e0o b\u1edd, ng\u1ed3n ngang tr\u00ean b\u00e3i c\u00e1t. https:\/\/thuviensach.vn","C\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ee7 v\u00e0ng, thuy\u1ec1n \u0111\u00f3ng ch\u01b0a xong th\u00ec c\u00f3 l\u1ec7nh tr\u00ean ho\u00e3n c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c v\u01b0\u1ee3t bi\u00ean ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c l\u1ea1i; ho\u00e3n c\u1ea3 n\u0103m r\u1ed3i v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n nay (1980) c\u00f2n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i \u1edf ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u00f3ng thuy\u1ec1n, v\u00ec h\u1ecd l\u00e0m khai sinh gi\u1ea3, nh\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb t\u1ecbch thu, ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u00e2u m\u00e0 v\u1ec1. H\u1ecd xin ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 tr\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i s\u1ed1 v\u00e0ng, ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 ch\u1ec9 tr\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n ba, ho\u1eb7c tr\u1ea3 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 theo gi\u00e1 v\u00e0ng ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh, kh\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng 1\/5 gi\u00e1 v\u00e0ng tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng. H\u1ecd l\u00eau b\u00eau, th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t b\u1ecdn v\u00f4 gia c\u01b0, v\u00f4 ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p, s\u1ed1ng c\u1ef1c \u0111i\u00eau \u0111\u1ee9ng. C\u00e1ch th\u1ee9 ba l\u00e0 \u0111i chui, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0111i l\u1eadu. M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee9ng ra t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, m\u1ed9t nh\u1edbm t\u1eeb 20 \u0111\u1ebfn 4-5 ch\u1ee5c ng\u01b0\u1eddi, h\u00f9n nhau t\u1eeb 4 \u0111\u1ebfn 7-8 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0ng \u0111\u00f3ng thuy\u1ec1n, ki\u1ec3u thuy\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e1nh c\u00e1, mua m\u1ed9t b\u00e3i bi\u1ec3n, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0111\u00fat l\u00f3t cho c\u00f4ng an, ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n \u1edf l\u00e0ng c\u00f3 b\u00e3i bi\u1ec3n, \u0111\u00fat l\u00f3t c\u1ea3 cho c\u00f4ng an v\u00e0i n\u01a1i chung quanh \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u01b0\u1ee3t bi\u00ean kh\u1ecfi b\u1ecb x\u00e9t h\u1ecfi, thuy\u1ec1n y\u00ean \u1ed5n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eddi b\u1ebfn ban \u0111\u00eam. C\u00f4ng an nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i c\u00f3 b\u00e3i bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u00f3 nh\u1edd v\u1eady l\u00e0m gi\u00e0u r\u1ea5t mau, c\u00f3 k\u1ebb ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t hai n\u0103m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0i ch\u1ee5c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0ng v\u00e0 \u00f4m v\u00e0ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t bi\u00ean. Do \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 trong d\u00e2n gian xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n truy\u1ec7n ti\u1ebfu l\u00e2m d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y. \u201cM\u1ed9t h\u00f4m n\u1ecd, ng\u01b0\u1eddi canh l\u0103ng b\u00e1c H\u1ed3 b\u1ed7ng th\u1ea5y x\u00e1c \u01b0\u1edbp c\u1ee7a b\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2u m\u1ea5t, ho\u1ea3ng h\u1ed1t \u0111i t\u00ecm kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i, t\u00ecm \u1edf nh\u00e0 s\u00e0n c\u1ee7a b\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y, v\u1ec1 qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u00e1c \u1edf Ngh\u1ec7 an c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y, nghi r\u1eb1ng b\u00e1c v\u00e0o ch\u01a1i th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a b\u00e1c, li\u1ec1n v\u00e0o S\u00e0i g\u00f2n ki\u1ebfm, sau c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00eam, th\u1ea5y b\u00e1c ng\u1ed3i m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh, r\u1ea7u r\u0129 \u1edf b\u1ebfn S\u00e1u kho, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh, h\u1ecfi b\u00e1c, sao l\u1ea1i ra ng\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ea5y, b\u00e1c \u0111\u00e1p: \u201cB\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y n\u1eefa, mu\u1ed1n qua ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y \u0111\u00e2y, m\u00e0 t\u1ee5i c\u00f4ng an \u0111\u00f2i b\u00e1c s\u00e1u c\u00e2y, b\u00e1c c\u00f3 c\u00e2y \u0111\u00e2u m\u00e0 n\u1ed9p cho ch\u00fang\u201d \u201cC\u00e2y\u201d l\u00e0 \u201cc\u00e2y hai l\u00e1 r\u01b0\u1ee1i\u201d n\u00f3i t\u1eaft, t\u1ee9c m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0ng v\u00ec m\u1ed7i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 hai l\u00e1 r\u01b0\u1ee1i v\u00e0ng\u201d. Th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 tho\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, \u00edt khi g\u1eb7p t\u00e0u tu\u1ea7n; nh\u01b0ng nhi\u1ec1u khi g\u1eb7p b\u00e3o, thuy\u1ec1n ch\u00ecm, l\u00e0m m\u1ed3i cho c\u00e1 m\u1eadp, ho\u1eb7c g\u1eb7p b\u1ecdn c\u01b0\u1edbp bi\u1ec3n Th\u00e1i lan. Ch\u00fang v\u01a1 v\u00e9t h\u1ebft, ch\u1ec9 ch\u1eeba cho m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i qu\u1ea7n c\u1ee5t, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 thi\u1ebfu ph\u1ee5 b\u1ecb ch\u00fang hi\u1ebfp d\u00e2m t\u1edbi 19 l\u1ea7n (6). Sau c\u00f9ng may ph\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n Th\u00e1i lan hay l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea3o M\u00e3 lai - s\u01b0\u1edbng nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t t\u00e0u T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbt - l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edbi k\u1ec3 l\u00e0 c\u00f2n s\u1ed1ng. C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p xui l\u1ea1 l\u00f9ng. M\u1ed9t \u0111o\u00e0n ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea3o M\u00e3 lai, \u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00edt l\u00e2u r\u1ed3i m\u1ed9t h\u00f4m ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n trong \u0111\u1ea3o l\u00f9a h\u1ecd xu\u1ed1ng h\u1ebft thuy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea3o kh\u00e1c; nh\u01b0ng ra kh\u01a1i, ch\u00fang c\u1eaft \u0111\u1ecfi cho thuy\u1ec1n tr\u00f4i \u0111\u00e2u th\u00ec tr\u00f4i (m\u00e1y m\u00f3c b\u1ecb ch\u00fang g\u1ee1 r\u1ed3i) v\u00e0 \u00edt ng\u00e0y https:\/\/thuviensach.vn","sau, thuy\u1ec1n gi\u1ea1t v\u00e0o b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n C\u00e0 mau, b\u1ecb b\u1eaft giam h\u1ebft, ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00ec 5-6 th\u00e1ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00ec 3 n\u0103m. M\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u nguy hi\u1ec3m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng s\u1ee3, thua keo n\u00e0y b\u00e0y keo kh\u00e1c. C\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1edbi l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 t\u01b0 m\u1edbi tho\u00e1t, l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 10 v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a tho\u00e1t, m\u00e0 s\u1ea3n nghi\u1ec7p ti\u00eau tan h\u1ebft, kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft s\u1ed1ng b\u1eb1ng g\u00ec. C\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ea1o hi\u1ec3m d\u00e1m b\u0103ng ra kh\u01a1i b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc t\u1eafc r\u00e1ng (ho- bo): lo\u1ea1i xu\u1ed3ng nh\u1ecf, ch\u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9 m\u01b0\u01a1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ch\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng x\u0103ng, l\u01b0\u1edbt tr\u00ean n\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1ea5t mau. V\u1eady m\u00e0 tho\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c T\u1eeb cu\u1ed1i 1979 th\u00eam m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch v\u01b0\u1ee3t bi\u00ean n\u1eefa b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ed9, ng\u00e3 Cao mi\u00ean. Ho\u1eb7c theo xe nh\u00e0 binh, ho\u1eb7c theo ng\u01b0\u1eddi Mi\u00ean \u0111i bu\u00f4n l\u1eadu, l\u00ean t\u1edbi Nam vang r\u1ed3i t\u1edbi Battambang, Sisophon. Ph\u1ea3i mang theo v\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3ng thu\u1ebf m\u00e3i l\u1ed9. T\u1edbi bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi Th\u00e1i lan, n\u1ebfu bi\u1ebft ti\u1ebfng Anh, ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p th\u00ec s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee6y h\u1ed9i qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf t\u1ecb n\u1ea1n gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1. Nghe n\u00f3i c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 t\u1ed1n 2-3 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, m\u1ed7i chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0i ba ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0103n b\u1eadn nh\u01b0 b\u1ecdn bu\u00f4n l\u1eadu. C\u0169ng nguy hi\u1ec3m nh\u01b0 v\u01b0\u1ee3t bi\u1ec3n. M\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee9a ch\u00e1u nh\u00e0 t\u00f4i trong t\u00fai ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 100 \u0111\u1ed3ng, kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft ti\u1ebfng Mi\u00ean, kh\u00f4ng quen ai \u1edf Mi\u00ean m\u00e0 c\u0169ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t bi\u00ean c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f3 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o v\u01b0\u1ee3t bi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0o ti\u1ebfp thu r\u1ed3i, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ee3 c\u1ea5p hay ki\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m r\u1ed3i, c\u0169ng g\u1edfi ngay v\u1ec1 cho th\u00e2n nh\u00e2n m\u1ed9t g\u00f3i th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m, thu\u1ed1c u\u1ed1ng, q\u01b0\u1ea7n \u00e1o... b\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t hai ng\u00e0n \u0111\u1ed3ng. H\u1ecd l\u00e0m l\u1ee5ng c\u1ef1c kh\u1ed5, (r\u1eeda ch\u00e9n trong qu\u00e1n \u0103n...) nh\u1ecbn h\u00fat thu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ec1 gi\u00fap gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00ec bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf l\u1ea1i thi\u1ebfu th\u1ed1n g\u1ea5p m\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecd. Ch\u00ednh nh\u1edd h\u1ecd m\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u gia \u0111\u00ecnh mi\u1ec1n Nam m\u1edbi s\u1ed1ng n\u1ed5i, nh\u1edd h\u1ecd m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n m\u00e0 d\u00e2n mi\u1ec1n Nam c\u00f3 thu\u1ed1c t\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec3 u\u1ed1ng, c\u00f3 v\u1ea3i may qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i r\u00e1ch r\u01b0\u1edbi qu\u00e1. Trong ho\u1ea1n n\u1ea1n t\u00ecnh cha m\u1eb9, con c\u00e1i, v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng l\u00fac n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1eb1m th\u1eafm h\u01a1n x\u01b0a. C\u00e1i r\u1ee7i th\u00e0nh c\u00e1i may. V\u1ec1 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7, nh\u01b0ng v\u1ec1 tinh th\u1ea7n h\u1ecd r\u1ea5t \u0111au kh\u1ed5. Nh\u1edb b\u00e0 con h\u1ecd h\u00e0ng, nh\u1edb qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u1ee9 s\u1edf, nh\u1edb day d\u1ee9t, gia gi\u1ebft. H\u1ecd kh\u00f3c th\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00e2n ph\u1eadn anh hay em \u1edf trong c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1i c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o m\u1ed7i b\u1eefa ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t n\u1eafm bo bo; th\u00e2n ph\u1eadn cha m\u1eb9 ch\u00fa b\u00e1c ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea9y chi\u1ebfc xe b\u00e1n c\u1ee7i, b\u00e1n chu\u1ed1i d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u01b0a, d\u01b0\u1edbi n\u1eafng, \u0111au \u1ed1m kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 thu\u1ed1c u\u1ed1ng; th\u00e2n ph\u1eadn con ch\u00e1u quanh n\u0103m kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t li s\u1eefa, m\u1ed9t c\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng. \u1ede m\u1ed9t x\u1ee9 g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 tr\u1eddi lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n u \u00e1m, h\u1ecd \u01b0\u1edbc ao \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t tia n\u1eafng, m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n tr\u1eddi xanh, v\u00e0 khi tr\u1eddi xanh, \u00e1nh n\u1eafng hi\u1ec7n l\u00ean th\u00ec h\u1ecd c\u00e0ng nh\u1edb qu\u00ea h\u01a1n n\u1eefa; h\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vu\u1ed1t ve th\u00e2n c\u00e2y chu\u1ed1i nh\u1eb5n b\u00f3ng v\u00e0 m\u00e1t r\u01b0\u1ee3i; \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00ecn \u00e1nh v\u00e0ng nh\u1ea3y m\u00faa tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng t\u00e0u d\u1eeba phe ph\u1ea9y d\u01b0\u1edbi https:\/\/thuviensach.vn","gi\u00f3 n\u1ed3m; nh\u00ecn ho\u00e0i nh\u1eefng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00eanh thang tr\u1ea3i nh\u1ef1a, h\u1ecd ch\u00e1n ng\u1ea5y, m\u01a1 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i ch\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea5t \u1edf gi\u1eefa hai b\u1edd c\u1ecf, d\u01b0\u1edbi b\u00f3ng l\u01b0a th\u01b0a c\u1ee7a h\u00e0ng so \u0111\u0169a, ven m\u1ed9t c\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u00faa xanh: m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t \u1ea5m h\u01a1n m\u1eb7t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1ef1a bi\u1ebft bao m\u00e0 c\u00f3 g\u00ec th\u01a1m m\u00e1t b\u1eb1ng m\u00f9i l\u00faa xanh, sau m\u1ea5y n\u0103m ng\u1eedi m\u00f9i x\u0103ng nh\u1edbt. C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng thi\u1ebfu ph\u1ee5 thay \u0111\u1ed5i h\u1eb3n t\u00ednh t\u00ecnh: \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u00e0 th\u00ec th\u00edch trang \u0111i\u1ec3m, \u0111i d\u1ea1o ph\u1ed1, h\u1ecdp b\u1ea1n; qua n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00ec su\u1ed1t ng\u00e0y \u1edf trong ph\u00f2ng lau ch\u00f9i, qu\u00e9t t\u01b0\u1edbc, n\u1ea5u \u0103n cho ch\u1ed3ng con, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu ra \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, ch\u1ed3ng con l\u00f4i k\u00e9o c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111i; m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y kia h\u1ecd s\u1ebd lo\u1ea1n tinh th\u1ea7n m\u1ea5t. Kh\u1ed5 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng b\u00e0 50-60 tu\u1ed5i, kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft ngo\u1ea1i ng\u1eef, kh\u00f4ng sao th\u00edch \u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, m\u1edbi xa qu\u00ea \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t n\u0103m \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00f2i v\u1ec1, ng\u00e0y n\u00e0o c\u0169ng ng\u00f3ng tin nh\u00e0, v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u01b0 th\u00ec \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111i \u0111\u1ecdc l\u1ea1i t\u1edbi thu\u1ed9c l\u00f2ng. Ng\u00e0y \u0111\u00eam h\u1ecd cho quay b\u0103ng \u201cS\u00e0i g\u00f2n \u01a1i, li bi\u1ec7t\u201d c\u1ee7a Thanh Th\u00fay, b\u0103ng \u201cTa ch\u1eb3ng l\u1ebd su\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eddi l\u01b0u vong\u201d c\u1ee7a Ph\u1ea1m Duy m\u00e0 kh\u00f3c m\u01b0\u1edbt. Gi\u1ecdng \u1ea3o n\u00e3o kh\u00f4ng k\u00e9m b\u00e0i h\u00e1t c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Do th\u00e1i khi b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e0y \u1edf Babylon h\u1ed3i x\u01b0a. Trong s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf l\u1ea1i, \u0111\u00e1ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u1eb7p v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng gi\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 con c\u00e1i, b\u1ecb ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 ch\u1eb7n l\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u01b0u tr\u00ed, r\u00e1n s\u1ed1ng l\u00e2y l\u1ea5t v\u00e0i n\u0103m, b\u00e1n h\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ea1c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0103n r\u1ed3i t\u1ef1 t\u1eed. R\u1ed3i t\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ea3n nghi\u1ec7p ti\u00eau tan v\u00ec \u0111i kinh t\u1ebf m\u1edbi ho\u1eb7c v\u00ec v\u01b0\u1ee3t bi\u00ean m\u1ea5y l\u1ea7n m\u00e0 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i, s\u1ed1ng c\u1ea7u b\u01a1 c\u1ea7u b\u1ea5t \u1edf v\u1ec9a h\u00e8 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 l\u1edbn nh\u1ecf nh\u01b0 b\u1ecdn \u0103n m\u00e0y. R\u1ed3i nh\u1eefng c\u00f4 gi\u00e1o, c\u00f4 k\u00ed ch\u1ed3ng \u0111i c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o 5 n\u0103m \u0111\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1eb5ng, \u1edf nh\u00e0 xoay x\u1edf \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00e1ch, l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00eam ng\u00e0y, nh\u1ecbn \u0103n nh\u1ecbn m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ec3 nu\u00f4i b\u1ed1n n\u0103m \u0111\u1ee9a con, v\u00e0i th\u00e1ng l\u1ea1i ti\u1ebfp t\u1ebf cho ch\u1ed3ng m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n. H\u1ecd v\u00ec ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh m\u00e0 h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ea3m \u0111ang, t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u1ea1i cao l\u00ean, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd h\u00e0ng, b\u1ea1n b\u00e8. R\u1ed3i nh\u1eefng thi\u1ebfu n\u1eef h\u1ecdc h\u1ebft \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc s\u01b0 ph\u1ea1m hay Lu\u1eadt m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean v\u00ec l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ea5p qu\u00e1, ki\u1ebfm m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i s\u1ea1p nh\u1ecf n\u1eeda th\u01b0\u1edbc vu\u00f4ng b\u00e1n thu\u1ed1c r\u1eddi hay qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o c\u0169, thu\u1ed1c t\u00e2y \u1edf l\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, v\u1ea5t v\u1ea3 nh\u01b0ng ki\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 10- 15 \u0111\u1ed3ng m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y, \u0111\u1ee7 c\u01a1m ch\u00e1o cho cha m\u1eb9 v\u00e0 em. H\u1ecd l\u1ec5 ph\u00e9p, ch\u0103m ch\u1ec9, d\u1ec5 th\u01b0\u01a1ng. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 c\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ea1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa \u0111\u00e1ng t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o l\u00e0 ng\u1ee5y. Ng\u1ee5y m\u00e0 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u00f2n \u0111\u00e1ng qu\u00ed g\u1ea5p tr\u0103m b\u1ecdn t\u1ef1 x\u01b0ng l\u00e0 \u201cc\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng\u201d m\u00e0 t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00ea ti\u1ec7n. https:\/\/thuviensach.vn","C\u00f3 ai ch\u00e9p Ba \u0111\u00e0o k\u00ed cho th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ec9? Trong t\u1eadp k\u00ed \u0111\u00f3 d\u00e0y \u00edt g\u00ec c\u0169ng v\u00e0i ng\u00e0n trang, truy\u1ec7n bu\u1ed3n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u m\u00e0 truy\u1ec7n vui c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng thi\u1ebfu, truy\u1ec7n n\u00e0o c\u0169ng c\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9ng, \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi v\u00e0 l\u00e0m b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc cho \u0111\u1eddi sau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ta \u0110\u00e3 Nh\u1eadn \u0110\u1ecbnh Sai V\u1eady d\u00f9 c\u00f3 l\u1ea1c quan t\u1edbi m\u1ea5y c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i h\u00f3a mi\u1ec1n Nam n\u00e0y t\u1edbi nay \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i. Ch\u1ec9 m\u1edbi d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i s\u01b0\u1eddn th\u00f4i m\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u t\u1ecf r\u1eb1ng s\u01b0\u1eddn \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 nghi\u00eang ng\u1ea3: r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ee7 h\u00f3a, h\u00f9ng h\u1ee5c l\u00e0m gi\u00e0u b\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi c\u00e1ch, th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t b\u1ecdn t\u01b0 s\u1ea3n r\u1ed3i, tinh th\u1ea7n qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e3 sa s\u00fat, h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c x\u00e3 n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i, ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch kinh t\u1ebf m\u1edbi ph\u1ea3i b\u00e3i h\u1ecf; m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00e3 r\u1ee5t r\u00e8 l\u1eadp l\u1ea1i ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n: cho d\u00e2n m\u1eb7c s\u1ee9c ki\u1ebfm l\u1ee3i, cho ch\u1ee3 tr\u1eddi tha h\u1ed3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, cho t\u0103ng gi\u00e1 xe \u0111\u00f2, cho mua x\u0103ng v\u00e0 d\u1ea7u l\u1eeda t\u1ef1 do, gi\u00e1 g\u1ea5p m\u1ea5y ch\u1ee5c l\u1ea7n gi\u00e1 ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c. X\u00ed nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u00e1nh c\u00e1 C\u00f4n s\u01a1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch chia l\u1eddi; h\u1ec5 n\u1ed9p \u0111\u1ee7 s\u1ed1 c\u00e1 cho ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 r\u1ed3i th\u00ec l\u00e0m th\u00eam \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao nhi\u00eau, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia nhau h\u01b0\u1edfng. Ch\u1ec9 trong m\u1ed9t hai n\u0103m, x\u00ed nghi\u1ec7p ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n r\u1ea5t m\u1ea1nh, mua th\u00eam \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ea5y ch\u1ee5c chi\u1ebfc t\u00e0u m\u1edbi, thuy\u1ec1n tr\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia 2.000 \u0111\u1ed3ng m\u1ed9t th\u00e1ng, th\u1ee7y th\u1ee7 1.500 \u0111\u1ed3ng (l\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u1ec9 kho\u1ea3ng 200 \u0111\u1ed3ng); ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 th\u1ea5y v\u1eady bu\u1ed9c h\u1ecd ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u00eau m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n ba s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f2n th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i g\u1edfi ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft h\u1ecd c\u00f3 tu\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng. Ng\u00e0nh n\u00e0o c\u0169ng k\u1eb9t, k\u1eb9t c\u1ee9ng, ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft xoay x\u1edf ra sao, v\u00e1 ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0y th\u00ec to\u1ea1c ch\u1ed7 kh\u00e1c, c\u00e0ng d\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p nh\u1ea5t th\u1eddi th\u00ec c\u00e0ng l\u00fang t\u00fang. Ngay c\u00e1c c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 trung ki\u00ean c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh m\u1ea5y n\u0103m s\u1eafp t\u1edbi c\u00f2n nguy k\u1ecbch h\u01a1n, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n tr\u00f4ng c\u1eady v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c t\u00ecm m\u1ecf d\u1ea7u \u1edf ngo\u00e0i kh\u01a1i V\u0169ng t\u00e0u. N\u1ebfu trong ba n\u0103m n\u1eefa kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ecf n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec1 khai th\u00e1c m\u00e0 c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i, kh\u00f4ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea7u th\u00f4 th\u00ec t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c s\u1ebd ra sao? M\u00e0 n\u1ebfu t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00ec l\u1ea1i ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu c\u00e1i nguy kh\u00e1c: r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 Vi\u1ec7t nam th\u00e0nh n\u01a1i tranh ch\u1ea5p v\u1ec1 d\u1ea7u gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c c\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ed1c. Th\u1eadt bi \u0111\u00e1t. Ch\u1ec9 t\u1ea1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ednh l\u1ea7m. Th\u1eafng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c M\u0129 r\u1ed3i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta tin r\u1eb1ng s\u1ebd l\u00e0m b\u00e1 ch\u1ee7 b\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea3o \u0110\u00f4ng d\u01b0\u01a1ng, kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00fang t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh sai t\u00e0i n\u0103ng, \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, tinh th\u1ea7n hi sinh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1n b\u1ed9, t\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1eb1ng cao l\u1eafm v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec1 d\u1ec3 d\u00e0ng ki\u1ebfn thi\u1ebft mi\u1ec1n Nam th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a, kh\u00f4ng ng\u1edd c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 tuy r\u1ea5t \u0111\u00f4ng m\u00e0 r\u1ea5t k\u00e9m c\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 https:\/\/thuviensach.vn","m\u1ecdi m\u1eb7t, m\u00e0 t\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111a s\u1ed1 kh\u00f4ng \u01b0a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a, th\u00edch \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng mi\u1ec1n Nam h\u01a1n. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh sai v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng mi\u1ec1n Nam. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u00e0y 30-4-75, mi\u1ec1n Nam r\u1ea5t chia r\u1ebd: nhi\u1ec1u gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1i, \u0111\u1ea3ng ph\u00e1i nh\u01b0ng ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 h\u01a1n mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ec1 m\u1ee9c s\u1ed1ng, k\u0129 thu\u1eadt, ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt, v\u0103n h\u00f3a; nh\u1edd ng\u00f4n lu\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u1ef1 do, nh\u1edd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecdc s\u00e1ch b\u00e1o ngo\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c, bi\u1ebft tin t\u1ee9c th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, du l\u1ecbch ngo\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c, ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngo\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c...; c\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c n\u1eefa: v\u00ec \u0111\u1ee7 \u0103n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u00edt th\u00e8m kh\u00e1t m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9, \u00edt gian tham (t\u00f4i n\u00f3i s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f4ng), \u00edt ch\u1ecbu l\u00e0m c\u00e1i vi\u1ec7c b\u1ec9 \u1ed5i l\u00e0 t\u1ed1 c\u00e1o ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0ng x\u00f3m (7) ch\u1ee9 \u0111\u1eebng n\u00f3i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n, n\u00f3i chung l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01a1 nh\u1edbp nh\u01b0 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 \u1edf B\u1eafc t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ec3 \u1edf tr\u00ean. T\u00f4i c\u00f2n nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y v\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nam b\u1ecb coi l\u00e0 ng\u1ee5y h\u1ebft, n\u00ean c\u00e0ng \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft v\u1edbi nhau, th\u01b0\u01a1ng nhau: c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 ng\u1ee5y v\u1edbi nhau m\u00e0! Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 B\u1eafc v\u00e0o cai tr\u1ecb h\u1ecd, d\u1ea1y ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb h\u1ecd th\u00ec l\u00e0m sao kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i? B\u1ecdn \u0111\u00f3 qu\u00ea m\u00f9a, ngu d\u1ed1t, ngh\u00e8o kh\u1ed5, v\u1ee5ng v\u1ec1, t\u1ef1 cao t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ea1i, b\u1ecb ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nam khinh ra m\u1eb7t, m\u1ec9a mai; l\u1edbp d\u1ea1y ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb cho d\u00e2n ch\u00fang m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y m\u1ed9t v\u1eafng, hi\u1ec7n nay c\u1ea3 n\u0103m kh\u00f4ng h\u1ecdp m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n. M\u1ed9t th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o h\u00f3a \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 b\u00e1o Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng ai \u0111\u1ecdc, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta mua v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e1n \u201cve chai\u201d, ngay c\u1ea3 b\u1ed9 L\u00e9nine to\u00e0n t\u1eadp c\u0169ng v\u1eady. Sau 5 n\u0103m, c\u1ea3 tri\u1ec7u c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e2n B\u1eafc v\u00e0o Nam m\u00e0 B\u1eafc Nam mi\u1ec5n c\u01b0\u1ee1ng s\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi nhau, l\u01a1 l\u00e0 v\u1edbi nhau, Nam coi B\u1eafc l\u00e0 b\u1ecdn th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n, t\u1ef1 coi m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 b\u1ecb tr\u1ecb. L\u00e0m g\u00ec c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c? \u00d4ng H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh r\u1ea5t s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t, t\u1eeb 1962 \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t Vi\u1ec7t nam kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i m\u00e0 g\u00e2y r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, ch\u1ec9 t\u1ea1o g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng cho B\u1eafc (coi l\u1ea1i cu\u1ed1i ch\u01b0\u01a1ng XXI). N\u1ebfu 1975 \u00f4ng c\u00f2n s\u1ed1ng th\u00ec ch\u1eafc \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 cho mi\u1ec1n Nam trung l\u1eadp (\u0111\u00fang nh\u01b0 l\u1eddi tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a M\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng khi m\u1edbi v\u00f4 S\u00e0i g\u00f2n), l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t c\u1eeda s\u1ed5 ng\u00f3 ra th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i, m\u00e0 s\u1ebd mau th\u1ecbnh v\u01b0\u1ee3ng, l\u1ee3i ch\u1eb3ng nh\u1eefng cho Nam m\u00e0 c\u1ea3 cho B\u1eafc n\u1eefa. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1ed1i nghi\u1ec7p \u00f4ng t\u1ef1 cho l\u00e0 kh\u00f4n h\u01a1n \u00f4ng. Ch\u00fa th\u00edch (1) Kravchenko. J' ai choisi la libert\u00e9. Trang 114 (Seft-1948). (2) Th\u00e1ng 7 n\u0103m 1981, l\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u0103ng g\u1ea5p hai, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 cho tay n\u00e0y th\u00ec l\u1ea5y l\u1ea1i b\u1eb1ng tay kh\u00e1c: gi\u00e1 nhu y\u1ebfu ph\u1ea9m, v\u00e9 xe \u0111\u00f2, tem g\u1edfi th\u01b0.. . c\u0169ng t\u0103ng l\u00ean nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, c\u00f3 th\u1ee9 t\u0103ng g\u1ea5p 10 n\u1eefa. https:\/\/thuviensach.vn","(3) Th\u00e1ng 8 - 1980. m\u1ed9t c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u1edf H\u00e0 n\u1ed9i v\u00e0o b\u00e1o t\u00f4i b\u00e2y h\u1ecd ph\u00e1i \u0103n \u0111\u1ed9n 90%, c\u1ef1c kh\u1ed5 h\u01a1n nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1973 \u2013 1974 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1eafm, m\u00e0 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f2n k\u00e9o d\u00e0i l\u00e2u. Th\u00e2n ph\u1eadn kh\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng con heo \u1edf trong Nam. (4) Th\u1eddi n\u00e0y n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00ecnh xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec1u ca dao v\u00e0 truy\u1ec7n ti\u1ebfu l\u00e2m h\u01a1n th\u1eddi cu\u1ed1i L\u00ea n\u1eefa; trong m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n \u1edf sau v\u1ec1 Phong tr\u00e0o v\u01b0\u1ee3t bi\u00ean, t\u00f4i s\u1ebd ch\u00e9p m\u1ed9t truy\u1ec7n ti\u1ebfu l\u00e2m. Nghe n\u00f3i \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi thu th\u1eadp nh\u1eefng ca dao v\u00e0 truy\u1ec7n ti\u1ebfu l\u00e2m \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u01b0u l\u1ea1i. (5) Do \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 c\u00f3 c\u00e2u m\u1ec9a mai n\u00e0y: v\u00e1 ru\u1ed9t xe m\u00e1y th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 3 \u0111\u1ed3ng m\u00e0 v\u00e1 ru\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1edd\u1ec9 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 8 h\u00e0o. (6) Coi ph\u1ee5 l\u1ee5c \u201cKinh ho\u00e0ng tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o Kokra\u201d \u1edf cu\u1ed1i b\u1ed9. (7) M\u1ed9t th\u00edm l\u00e0m t\u1ed5 ph\u00f3 lo v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng an ph\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1ecdi \u0111i h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp. M\u1edbi h\u1ebft bu\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ea7u, th\u1ea5y c\u00f4ng an ch\u1ec9 d\u1ea1y c\u00e1ch d\u00f2 x\u00e9t, t\u1ed1 c\u00e1o \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o (\u0103n u\u1ed1ng ra sao, ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00e1ch kh\u1ee9a l\u00e0 h\u1ea1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o...), th\u00edm ta xin th\u00f4i li\u1ec1n, v\u1ec1 n\u00f3i v\u1edbi b\u1ea1n: \u201cT\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c th\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ee9c \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u201d. L\u1edbp h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ecf lu\u00f4n. https:\/\/thuviensach.vn","CH\u01af\u01a0NG XXXII Ta Ph\u1ea3i Bi\u1ebft S\u1ed1ng Theo Ta M\u1ed9t Cu\u1ed9c \u0110\u00e0m Tho\u1ea1i - B\u00e0i H\u1ecdc C\u1ee7a C\u1ed5 Nh\u00e2n M\u1ea5y n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 tr\u1ebb mi\u1ec1n Nam l\u1ea1i th\u0103m t\u00f4i. H\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i, bi\u1ebft t\u00f4i nhi\u1ec1u t\u1eeb h\u1ed3i t\u00f4i \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 phong tr\u00e0o \u0111\u00f2i vi\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc S\u00e0i g\u00f2n d\u00f9ng ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t l\u00e0m chuy\u1ec3n ng\u1eef, c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng cho kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn \u1edf th\u00e0nh, sau ng\u00e0y 30-4-75 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n tin d\u00f9ng l\u00e0m chuy\u00ean vi\u00ean: b\u00e1c s\u0129, k\u0129 s\u01b0, ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 v.v... Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o t\u1edbi c\u0169ng h\u1ecfi t\u00f4i: - B\u00e1c l\u00fac n\u00e0y c\u00f2n vi\u1ebft l\u00e1ch g\u00ec kh\u00f4ng? L\u1ea7n n\u00e0o t\u00f4i c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e1p: - D\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i vi\u1ebft. V\u1eeba \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ee1 bu\u1ed3n, v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc th\u00eam. M\u1ea5y n\u0103m nay t\u00f4i chuy\u00ean nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 tri\u1ebft gia Trung hoa th\u1eddi Ti\u00ean T\u1ea7n, \u0111\u1ecdc l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c kinh s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a Kh\u1ed5ng, M\u1ea1nh, L\u00e3o, Trang, Tu\u00e2n, H\u00e0n... v\u00e0 kinh D\u1ecbch m\u00e0 t\u00f4i cho l\u00e0 dung h\u00f2a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Kh\u1ed5ng, L\u00e3o t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p nh\u00e2n sinh quan c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Trung hoa cu\u1ed1i th\u1eddi Chi\u1ebfn qu\u1ed1c, th\u1eddi th\u1ecbnh nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Trung tri\u1ebft. M\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n, cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m ngo\u00e1i, m\u1ed9t b\u00e1c s\u0129 trong nh\u00f3m \u0111\u00f3, bi\u1ebft \u00edt nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1eef H\u00e1n, h\u1ecfi t\u00f4i: - B\u00e1c th\u1ea5y t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c tri\u1ebft gia \u0111\u00f3 nay c\u00f2n d\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f4ng? T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e1p: - V\u1eabn c\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u d\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Tri th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ta h\u01a1n c\u1ed5 nh\u00e2n nhi\u1ec1u. M\u1ed9t em m\u01b0\u1eddi tu\u1ed5i b\u00e2y gi\u1edd c\u0169ng bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 v\u0169 tr\u1ee5, th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, v\u1ea1n v\u1eadt, k\u0129 thu\u1eadt... nhi\u1ec1u g\u1ea5p m\u1ea5y Kh\u1ed5ng, L\u00e3o, nh\u01b0ng v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng h\u01a1n c\u1ed5 nh\u00e2n, v\u1ec1 ph\u00e9p x\u1eed th\u1ebf ch\u00fang ta v\u1eabn c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc c\u00e1i kh\u00f4n c\u1ee7a c\u1ed5 nh\u00e2n. Ngay v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u0169ng v\u1eady n\u1eefa. C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ch\u00e2n l\u00ed th\u1eddi n\u00e0o c\u0169ng \u0111\u00fang, c\u1ed3 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 do kinh nghi\u1ec7m m\u00e0 t\u00ecm ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, truy\u1ec1n l\u1ea1i cho ta trong kinh s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea5y, ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ecdc c\u1ea3 r\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ea5y, nh\u01b0ng qu\u00ean \u0111i, ho\u1eb7c nh\u1edb m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng theo, n\u00ean ph\u1ea3i th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i. T\u00f4i ngh\u0129 tri th\u1ee9c r\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 truy\u1ec1n: c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00ed to\u00e1n, c\u00e1c lu\u1eadt v\u1eadt l\u00ed h\u1ecdc m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n l\u00e0 nh\u1edb v\u00e0 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ngay; c\u00f2n c\u00e1i kh\u00f4n c\u1ee7a c\u1ed5 nh\u00e2n th\u00ec c\u01a1 h\u1ed3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, \u0111\u00edch th\u00e2n ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i t\u1eebng tr\u1ea3i r\u1ed3i m\u1edbi hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, nh\u1edb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a c\u1ed5 nh\u00e2n. M\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i \\\"s\u1ed1ng\\\" cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, m\u1ed7i th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i s\u1ed1ng https:\/\/thuviensach.vn","cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, s\u1ed1ng t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u, c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m r\u1ed3i m\u1edbi r\u00fat ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n sinh quan, g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 t\u1ef1 t\u00ecm l\u1ea5y h\u1ebft, kh\u00f4ng nh\u1edd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ed5 nh\u00e2n ch\u00fat g\u00ec c\u1ea3. Cho n\u00ean th\u1eddi n\u00e0o c\u0169ng c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7m l\u1eabn... T\u00f4i l\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t th\u00ed d\u1ee5: m\u1ea5y n\u0103m nay \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111a s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c B\u1eafc, Nam, gi\u00e0 tr\u1ebb m\u00e0 t\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eb7p th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e0n n\u00e0n v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \\\"h\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 chuy\u00ean\\\" c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7. \u0110\u1ea3ng coi tr\u1ecdng nh\u1eefng c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 c\u00f3 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng, c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng lao v\u1edbi c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng h\u01a1n nh\u1eefng chuy\u00ean vi\u00ean, d\u00f9 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 h\u1ecdc c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 huy nh\u1eefng chuy\u00ean vi\u00ean hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 ng\u00e0nh g\u1ea5p m\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecd. Ta th\u1ea5y nhi\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u00f4ng ch\u00e1nh ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 ti\u1ec3u h\u1ecdc ra l\u1ec7nh cho \u00f4ng ph\u00f3 c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng ph\u00f3 ti\u1ebfn s\u0129, xen v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng ph\u00f3, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 k\u00ec th\u1ecb \u00f4ng ph\u00f3, v\u00ec bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng \u00f4ng ph\u00f3 gi\u1ecfi h\u01a1n m\u00ecnh, r\u1ed3i do t\u1ef1 ti m\u1eb7c c\u1ea3m m\u00e0 sinh ra h\u1ed1ng h\u00e1ch, ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng ph\u00f3. Ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 h\u1ea1i cho vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ebfn thi\u1ebft; ch\u00ednh v\u00ec n\u00f3 m\u00e0 h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean vi\u00ean \u1edf Nam r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng, r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7t t\u00e2m ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n d\u00f9ng; m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 r\u1ea5t \u00edt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng th\u00ec l\u1ea1i b\u1ecb ch\u00e8n \u00e9p: ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n m\u1ed9t th\u1ea1c s\u0129 gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc y khoa, r\u1ea5t n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng v\u1ec1 gi\u1ea3i ph\u1eabu, ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c m\u1ed9t h\u1ecdc tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec c\u1eadu n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \\\"n\u1eb1m v\u00f9ng\\\", \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 cho l\u00e0 \\\"h\u1ed3ng\\\", tin d\u00f9ng; gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ea3o s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3i ph\u1eabu cho m\u1ed9t b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y n\u00e0o, gi\u1edd n\u00e0o; h\u1ecdc tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng ta g\u1ea1t \u0111i, \u0111\u1ecbnh cho m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y kh\u00e1c; \u00f4ng ta b\u1ef1c m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e1p: \\\"T\u00f9y \u00fd \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ed' v\u00e0 \u00edt th\u00e1ng sau \u00f4ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t bi\u00ean v\u1edbi c\u1ea3 gia \u0111\u00ecnh. Hi\u1ec7n \u00f4ng \u1edf M\u0129. Ch\u00ednh L\u00e9nine \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i: \\\"Ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng chuy\u00ean vi\u00ean nh\u01b0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a ta\\\" v\u00ec trong th\u1eddi ki\u1ebfn thi\u1ebft, chuy\u00ean vi\u00ean m\u1edbi l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n nh\u1ea5t; tuy thu\u1ed9c nhi\u1ec1u kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a Marx, tuy l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb r\u1ea5t \u0111\u00fang m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft ngh\u1ec1 th\u00ec c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta kh\u00f4ng theo L\u00e9nine l\u00e0 t\u1ea1i sao? T\u1ea1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta tin nh\u01b0 H\u1ed3ng v\u1ec7 qu\u00e2n Trung hoa r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i \u0111\u1eadp x\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang ph\u00e9p, s\u1eafp v\u1ee1, \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u1ee9t n\u1ebb, mu\u1ed1n r\u00e3, ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n m\u1edf \\\"cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecf\\\", t\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Mao Tr\u1ea1ch \u0110\u00f4ng l\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho \u0111\u1eadp v\u1eefng l\u1ea1i (v\u1ee5 \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quay phim \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1eafc \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00ea c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng V\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a Mao) hay t\u1ea1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta mu\u1ed1n th\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng l\u1edbn trong th\u1eddi kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn n\u00ean giao ph\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 cao cho h\u1ecd? Kh\u1ed5ng T\u1eed trong thi\u00ean Ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn, b\u00e0i 24 (Lu\u1eadn ng\u1eef) \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea3nh c\u00e1o ch\u00fang ta r\u1ed3i. T\u1eed L\u1ed9, h\u1ecdc tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, l\u00e0m gia th\u1ea7n h\u1ecd Qu\u00ed, ti\u1ebfn c\u1eed T\u1eed Cao l\u00e0m quan t\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea5t Ph\u00ed. Kh\u1ed5ng T\u1eed tr\u00e1ch: \\\"Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 l\u00e0m h\u1ea1i con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta\\\" (v\u00ec T\u1eed Cao ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecdc bao nhi\u00eau). T\u1eed L\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e1p: \\\"L\u00e0m ch\u1ee9c t\u1ec3 th\u00ec c\u00f3 nh\u00e2n https:\/\/thuviensach.vn","d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ecb, c\u00f3 th\u1ea7n x\u00e3 t\u1eafc (\u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai, m\u00f9a m\u00e0ng) \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1edd (th\u1ebf l\u00e0 h\u1ecdc), h\u00e0 t\u1ea5t ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc s\u00e1ch r\u1ed3i m\u1edbi g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u00f3 h\u1ecdc?\\\" Kh\u1ed5ng T\u1eed m\u1eafng: \\\"V\u00ec th\u1ebf m\u00e0 ta gh\u00e9t nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi l\u1ee3i kh\u1ea9u\u201d (c\u01b0\u1ee1ng l\u00ed \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 bi\u1ec7n h\u1ed9). Kh\u00f4ng h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 canh n\u00f4ng m\u00e0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1edfng vi\u1ec7n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u canh n\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft g\u00ec v\u1ec1 h\u00e0nh ch\u00e1nh m\u00e0 l\u00e0m t\u1ec9nh tr\u01b0\u1edfng. Sao kh\u00f4ng th\u1eb9n v\u1edbi \u0110\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ee9c: sau th\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn, m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng l\u1edbn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eddi l\u00e0m th\u1ee9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng, \u00f4ng ta t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i, xin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecdc th\u00eam \u00edt n\u0103m \u1edb \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3. Kinh D\u1ecbch, qu\u1ebb S\u01b0, h\u00e0o 6 c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 khuy\u00ean ta khi chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng r\u1ed3i, lu\u1eadn c\u00f4ng m\u00e0 khen th\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00ec k\u1ebb \u00edt h\u1ecdc, d\u00e2n th\u01b0\u1eddng tuy c\u00f3 t\u00e0i chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u, l\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng, c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 n\u00ean th\u01b0\u1edfng ti\u1ec1n b\u1ea1c th\u00f4i, kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean phong \u0111\u1ea5t cho \u0111\u1ec3 cai tr\u1ecb, v\u00ec c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ebfn thi\u1ebft qu\u1ed1c gia ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 t\u00e0i, c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee9c m\u1edbi g\u00e1nh n\u1ed5i. L\u1ebd \u0111\u00f3 r\u1ea5t t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, t\u1eeb x\u01b0a n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0o c\u0169ng theo, nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1eddi Tr\u1ea7n n\u01b0\u1edbc ta, c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c phong \u0111\u1ea5t, phong t\u01b0\u1edbc, m\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00ec giao cho c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 h\u1ecdc. N\u01b0\u1edbc Anh sau m\u1ea5y n\u0103m th\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn r\u1ed3i c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 th\u01b0\u1edfng ti\u1ec1n cho c\u00e1c danh t\u01b0\u1edbng; ch\u1eb3ng nh\u1eefng v\u1eady, n\u0103m 1945, khi chi\u1ebfn tranh ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t, h\u1ecd thay c\u1ea3 vi\u00ean Th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng, cho Churchill v\u1ec1 v\u01b0\u1eddn, m\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u \u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t trong vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee9u qu\u1ed1c, di\u1ec7t \u0110\u1ee9c; nh\u01b0 v\u1eady ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch th\u1eddi b\u00ecnh kh\u00e1c th\u1eddi chi\u1ebfn, n\u00ean ph\u1ea3i d\u00f9ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch th\u1eddi b\u00ecnh v\u00e0 th\u1eddi chi\u1ebfn m\u00e0 sau khi h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i - \u1edf B\u1eafc n\u0103m 1954, \u1edf Nam n\u0103m 1975 - \u0110\u1ea3ng cho \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb nh\u01b0 trong th\u1eddi chi\u1ebfn, v\u00e0 l\u1ea1i d\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eddi chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 cai tr\u1ecb trong th\u1eddi b\u00ecnh; do \u0111\u00f3 g\u00e2y nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1i t\u1ec7 m\u00e0 t\u1ec7 l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 c\u00e1n n\u1eb7ng h\u01a1n g\u00e1o: m\u1ed7i t\u1ec9nh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ti\u1ec3u qu\u1ed1c, b\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p c\u1ea3 trung \u01b0\u01a1ng, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean r\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t xe h\u00e0ng, l\u00e0m b\u1eady, kh\u00f4ng theo quy\u1ebft ngh\u1ecb trung \u01b0\u01a1ng, b\u1ea3o h\u00e0nh kh\u00e1ch: \\\"T\u00f4i \u1edf \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u1ec9 bi\u1ebft l\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, b\u00e0 con bi\u1ebft l\u1ec7nh trung \u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00ec c\u1ee9 g\u1edfi \u0111\u01a1n th\u01b0a trung \u01b0\u01a1ng\\\". Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 ti\u1ec3u nh\u00e2n tha h\u1ed3 ho\u00e0nh h\u00e0nh, mu\u1ed1n t\u1ecbch thu g\u00ec c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh kh\u00e1ch c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, kh\u00f4ng ai r\u0103n \u0111e h\u1ecd khi h\u1ecd m\u1edbi m\u1eafc t\u1ed9i nh\u1ecf, kh\u00f4ng ai ch\u1ebf ng\u1ef1 h\u1ecd khi h\u1ecd m\u1edbi l\u00f3 m\u00f2i, l\u00e2u r\u1ed3i th\u00e0nh lo\u1ea1n. T\u1ec7 \u0111\u00f3, qu\u1ebd Ph\u1ec7 h\u1ea1p v\u00e0 qu\u1ebb C\u1ea5u trong kinh D\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea3nh c\u00e1o nh\u00e0 c\u1ea7m quy\u1ec1n t\u1eeb ba ng\u00e0n n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1ed3i. \u1edb n\u01b0\u1edbc ta ng\u00e0y nay, ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n c\u00f3 c\u01b0\u01a1ng quy\u1ebft thay h\u1ebft c\u00e1c \u00f4ng h\u1ed3ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng chuy\u00ean \u0111i (1) th\u00ec l\u1ea5y ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e2u \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, v\u00e0 c\u00e1i phe h\u1ed3ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng chuy\u00ean \u0111\u00f3, b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea5u k\u1ebft nhau, \u0111\u00e2u \u0111\u1ec3 y\u00ean cho ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n. C\u00e1i h\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3, t\u00f4i e m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 n\u1eefa ch\u01b0a h\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c https:\/\/thuviensach.vn","Trong vi\u1ec7c tr\u1ecb d\u00e2n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n v\u1ecb th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m. Qui t\u1eafc \u0111\u00f3 r\u1ea5t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1eb3ng, b\u1ecdn Ph\u00e1p gia \u2013 nh\u01b0 Th\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01af\u1edfng, H\u00e0n Phi - \u0111\u1ec1u nh\u1eafc t\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n. M\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o Nho th\u1eddi n\u00e0o c\u0169ng ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1eb1ng d\u00e2n m\u1eafc t\u1ed9i l\u00e0 l\u1ed7i \u1edb t\u1ea1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ean; ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ean m\u1eafc t\u1ed9i th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ean ch\u1ecbu, d\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean can g\u00ec t\u1edbi. Tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi cai tr\u1ecb th\u1eadt minh b\u1ea1ch; mu\u1ed1n v\u1eady quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ean c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t, ch\u1ec9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m m\u1edbi c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n quy\u1ebft \u0111o\u00e1n, m\u01b0u vi\u1ec7c. Thi\u00ean Th\u00e1i B\u00e1, b\u00e0i 14 (Lu\u1eadn ng\u1eef) Kh\u1ed5ng T\u1eed b\u1ea3o: \\\"Kh\u00f4ng \u1edf ch\u1ee9c v\u1ecb n\u00e0o th\u00ec \u0111\u1eebng m\u01b0u t\u00ednh vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee9c v\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3\u201d, nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 quy\u1ec1n h\u1ea1n, tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Ch\u00fang ta ng\u00e0y nay theo ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u201ccai tr\u1ecb t\u1eadp th\u1ec3\\\", m\u1ed7i khi quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec7c g\u00ec, b\u1ea5t k\u00ec l\u1edbn nh\u1ecf, cung t\u1eadp h\u1ecdp c\u1ea3 m\u1ea5y ch\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ed c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u c\u01a1 quan \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn \u1edf h\u1ed9i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a t\u1ec9nh, huy\u1ec7n, h\u1ed9i tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0o c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ed3 s\u1ed9, x\u00e2y c\u1ea5t r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m. M\u1ed7i c\u01a1 quan l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t h\u1ed9i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ri\u00eang, nh\u1ecf, h\u1ecdp h\u1eb1ng tu\u1ea7n v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9. Quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1ed1t l\u00e0 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00fd ki\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi, tr\u00e1nh n\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111o\u00e1n, nh\u01b0ng h\u1ed9i h\u1ecdp nhi\u1ec1u qu\u00e1, t\u1edbi n\u1ed7i m\u1ed7i tu\u1ea7n, nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i \u0111i h\u1ecdp ba b\u1ed1n bu\u1ed5i t\u1ed1i, l\u1ea7n n\u00e0o c\u0169ng k\u00e9o d\u00e0i hai ba gi\u1edd m\u00e0 ch\u1eb3ng gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00ec - v\u00ec c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u \u00fd ki\u1ebfn l\u1ea1i c\u00e0ng kh\u00f3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh - th\u00ec m\u1ea5t th\u00ec gi\u1edd v\u00f4 \u00edch, ai c\u0169ng ng\u00e1n. Tai h\u1ea1i nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c b\u00ea tr\u1ec5, kh\u00f4ng ai d\u00e1m l\u00e3nh tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m, tr\u00fat tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ea3 cho t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n, m\u00e0 t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ai l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 h\u1ebft. T\u00f4i c\u00f3 l\u1ea7n l\u00e0 n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f3. T\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n v\u1ec1 Long xuy\u00ean ngh\u1ec9 kh\u00e1 l\u00e2u, xin \u1ee7y ban nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ph\u01b0\u1eddng cho ph\u00e9p t\u00f4i ch\u1edf v\u1ec1 Long xuy\u00ean \u00edt b\u00e0n gh\u1ebf, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 s\u00e1ch v\u00e0 \u00edt \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea7n d\u00f9ng. Ph\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng d\u00e1m cho ph\u00e9p, b\u1ea3o t\u00f4i xin ph\u00e9p c\u00f4ng an, c\u00f4ng an c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng d\u00e1m cho ph\u00e9p, b\u1ea3o t\u00f4i tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i ph\u01b0\u1eddng; t\u00f4i d\u0129 nhi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu l\u00e0m tr\u00e1i banh \u0111\u1ec3 hai c\u01a1 quan \u0111\u00f3 tung cho nhau, b\u1ea3o c\u00f4ng an b\u00e0n t\u00ednh v\u1edbi ph\u01b0\u1eddng r\u1ed3i tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi cho t\u00f4i. H\u1ecd b\u00e0n t\u00ednh v\u1edbi nhau kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft m\u1ea5y l\u1ea7n, c\u1ee9 h\u1eb9n l\u1ea7n, b\u1eaft t\u00f4i \u0111i \u0111i v\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 t\u00e1m l\u1ea7n, kh\u00f4ng c\u01a1 quan n\u00e0o ch\u1ecbu nh\u1eadn tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m k\u00ed m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea5y ph\u00e9p r\u1ea5t t\u1ea7m th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. T\u00f4i n\u1ed5i d\u00f3a, \u0111\u00f2i g\u1eb7p ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch \u1ee7y ban nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ph\u01b0\u1eddng, h\u1ecd b\u1ea3o \u00f4ng \u0111i v\u1eafng - \u00f4ng n\u00e0y c\u00f2n kh\u00f3 g\u1eb7p m\u1eb7t h\u01a1n thi\u00ean t\u1eed th\u1eddi x\u01b0a, kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd t\u00f4i th\u1ea5y m\u1eb7t \u00f4ng c\u1ea3 - sau c\u00f9ng t\u00f4i b\u1ea3o s\u1ebd khi\u1ebfu n\u1ea1i l\u00ean b\u00ed th\u01b0 th\u00e0nh \u1ee7y, l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ecd m\u1edbi ch\u1ecbu cho ph\u00e9p. Th\u1eadt l\u00e0 t\u1ed1n bi\u1ebft bao th\u00ec gi\u1edd cho t\u00f4i v\u00e0 cho c\u1ea3 h\u1ecd. Ai c\u0169ng ph\u00e0n n\u00e0n trong ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0y, nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean n\u00e0o c\u0169ng s\u1ee3 l\u00e3nh tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m m\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n h\u00e0nh th\u00ec r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn. https:\/\/thuviensach.vn","Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 30 - 31 \u0110\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c kinh, L\u00e3o T\u1eed khuy\u00ean k\u1ebb d\u00f9ng binh khi \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch th\u00ec th\u00f4i, \u0111\u1eebng \u1ef7 m\u1ea1nh, t\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5, khoe c\u00f4ng; th\u1eafng c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng cho l\u00e0 hay, n\u1ebfu cho l\u00e0 hay th\u00ec t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 th\u00edch gi\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi. T\u1ed5 ti\u00ean ta \u0111\u00e3 theo \u0111\u00fang l\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3. L\u00ea L\u1ee3i sau khi th\u1eafng qu\u00e2n Minh, Quang Trung sau khi th\u1eafng qu\u00e2n Thanh, \u0111\u1ec1u khi\u00eam nhu, m\u1ec1m d\u1ebbo v\u1edbi Trung hoa. Mustapha K\u00e9mal sau khi th\u1eafng qu\u00e2n Hi l\u1ea1p \u1edf Dumulu Punar, b\u1eaft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hai t\u01b0\u1edbng Hi l\u1ea1p l\u00e0 Tricopis v\u00e0 Dionys, ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u00e3i h\u1ecd r\u1ea5t nh\u00e3 nh\u1eb7n trong l\u1ec1u c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, m\u1eddi h\u1ecd gi\u1ea3i kh\u00e1t r\u1ed3i c\u00f9ng nhau ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a hai b\u00ean, l\u00e0m cho h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i kh\u00e2m ph\u1ee5c. (Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 m\u00ecnh c\u00f3 l\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng ai nh\u1edb b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a L\u00ea L\u1ee3i v\u00e0 Quang Trung, v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edbng Tr\u1ea7n v\u0103n Tr\u00e0 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecdc ti\u1ec3u s\u1eed c\u1ee7a Mustapha K\u00e9mal. Gi\u00e1 t\u01b0\u1edbng Tr\u00e0 khi v\u00e0o dinh \u0110\u1ed9c l\u1eadp c\u0169ng nh\u00e3 nh\u1eb7n v\u1edbi t\u01b0\u1edbng D\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u0103n Minh nh\u01b0 K\u00e9mal v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 m\u00ecnh sau khi nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eddi khen c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, ch\u1ec9 nh\u00e3 nh\u1eb7n tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 r\u1eb1ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Vi\u1ec7t Nam b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eafc d\u0129 ph\u1ea3i gi\u00e0nh l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u00e0 s\u1edf d\u0129 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng l\u00e0 nh\u1edd ch\u00ednh ngh\u0129a, ch\u1ecbu ki\u00ean nh\u1eabn v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc anh em \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9; b\u00e2y gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y sau ba ch\u1ee5c n\u0103m chi\u1ebfn tranh ch\u00fang t\u00f4i x\u00f3a h\u1ebft c\u00e1c h\u1eadn th\u00f9, ch\u1ec9 mu\u1ed1n y\u00ean \u1ed5n ki\u1ebfn thi\u1ebft v\u00e0 r\u1ea5t mong \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n; n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, \u0111\u1eebng ham l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 b\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea3o \u0110\u00f4ng d\u01b0\u01a1ng ngay th\u00ec t\u00f4i ch\u1eafc ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu chi\u1ebfn tranh th\u1ee9 ba ch\u01b0a bi\u1ebft s\u1ebd k\u00e9o d\u00e0i t\u1edbi bao gi\u1edd n\u1eefa. Ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang b\u1ecb sa l\u1ea7y \u1edf Cao mi\u00ean, c\u1ea7m ch\u00e2n \u1edf B\u1eafc Vi\u1ec7t, \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea5t m\u00e1u l\u1ea7n, Nga ti\u1ebfp m\u00e1u cho \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao l\u00e2u v\u00e0 v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0o? Th\u1ebf l\u00e0 m\u1edbi tho\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1ch M\u0129 th\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb ngay n\u1ea1n Trung hoa, Vi\u1ec7t nam tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 n\u01a1i tranh ch\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a Trung hoa v\u00e0 M\u0129, nay th\u00e0nh n\u01a1i tranh ch\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a Nga v\u00e0 Trung hoa. Kinh D\u1ecbch, qu\u1ebb Gi\u1ea3i khuy\u00ean khi ho\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1ed3i, chi\u1ebfn tranh \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ebft, d\u00e2n ch\u1ec9 mong an c\u01b0 l\u1ea1c nghi\u1ec7p, ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ecb d\u00e2n n\u00ean c\u00f3 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch khoan \u0111\u1ea1i, gi\u1ea3n d\u1ecb; tuy ph\u1ea3i tr\u1eeb nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i t\u1ec7 c\u0169, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 n\u00ean s\u1eeda cho s\u1ef1 b\u00ecnh tr\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e2u d\u00e0i th\u00f4i, kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean x\u00e1o \u0111\u1ed9ng nhi\u1ec1u qu\u00e1, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 n\u00ean l\u00e0m cho mau xong, \u0111\u1eebng \u0111a s\u1ef1. Qu\u1ebb C\u00e1ch l\u1ea1i khuy\u00ean thay c\u0169 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f3, ng\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi th\u00f3i th\u1ee7 c\u1ef1u c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, cho n\u00ean mu\u1ed1n c\u00f3 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 th\u00ec s\u1ef1 c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch ph\u1ea3i h\u1ee3p th\u1eddi, ph\u1ea3i s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t, soi x\u00e9t r\u1ea1ch r\u00f2i, th\u1eadn tr\u1ecdng, t\u00ednh to\u00e1n k\u0129, l\u00e0m sao th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi l\u00f2ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111\u1eebng n\u00f3ng n\u1ea3y; v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t m\u1ee9c n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec n\u00ean ng\u1eebng l\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1eebng c\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n th\u00ec m\u1edbi kh\u1ecfi th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i. https:\/\/thuviensach.vn","Gi\u00e1 ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 bi\u1ebft khoan dung l\u1ea1i bi\u1ebft gi\u1ea3n d\u1ecb, kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch g\u1ea5p m\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh t\u1eeb t\u1eeb th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 90% mi\u1ec1n Nam \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n m\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ec1u, v\u1eefng, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i s\u1eeda sai, th\u1ee5t l\u00f9i m\u1ea5y l\u1ea7n, m\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 tan r\u00e3, h\u1ed7n lo\u1ea1n trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i nh\u01b0 hi\u1ec7n nay. M\u1ea5y ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea7u th\u00e1ng 5-1975, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nam n\u00e0o c\u0169ng ph\u1ee5c tinh th\u1ea7n k\u1ec9 lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch khoan h\u1ed3ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7. Tuy\u1ec7t nhi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 cu\u1ed9c \\\"t\u1eafm m\u00e1u\u201d h\u1ed3i t\u1ebft M\u1eadu Th\u00e2n \u1edf Hu\u1ebf nh\u01b0 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi lo ng\u1ea1i, m\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u1ee5 tr\u1ea3 th\u00f9 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n n\u00e0o. Nh\u01b0ng ch\u1eb3ng bao l\u00e2u, th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 khinh b\u1ec9, c\u0103m th\u00f9 l\u1ea7n l\u1ea7n xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta coi \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o trong n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 ng\u1ee5y h\u1ebft, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta m\u01b0u m\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111o\u1ea1t t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a ng\u1ee5y, b\u1eaft ng\u1ee5y \u0111i kinh t\u1ebf m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 c\u01b0\u1edbp nh\u00e0 c\u1ee7a ng\u1ee5y. T\u1ea1i gi\u1eefa ch\u1ee3 Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng Minh Gi\u1ea3ng, m\u1ed9t ch\u1ecb c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 \u1edf H\u00e0 n\u1ed9i v\u00f4, n\u00f3i v\u1edbi b\u1ea1n c\u0169ng c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 \u1edf B\u1eafc v\u00f4 sau: \\\"Ch\u1ecb \u0111\u1eebng lo, t\u1ee5i n\u00f3 s\u1ebd b\u1ecb \u0111u\u1ed5i \u0111i kinh t\u1ebf m\u1edbi h\u1ebft, l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd c\u00f3 nh\u00e0 r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u1edf\\\". Tinh th\u1ea7n chia r\u1ebd, th\u00f9 o\u00e1n t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 ph\u00e1t sinh v\u00e0 m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y h\u1ed1 gi\u1eefa Nam B\u1eafc m\u1ed7i s\u00e2u th\u00eam. R\u1ed3i ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch b\u1eaft ng\u1ee5y qu\u00e2n, ng\u1ee5y quy\u1ec1n \u0111i c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o n\u1eefa. M\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta b\u1ea3o m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi mang theo qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o, th\u1ee9c \u0103n, ti\u1ec1n nong d\u1ee7 cho 15 ng\u00e0y, n\u00ean ai c\u0169ng t\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ed9 15 ng\u00e0y l\u00e0 v\u1ec1, trong 15 ng\u00e0y \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n s\u1ebd ch\u1ec9 b\u1ea3o, d\u1eabn d\u1eaft cho hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7, l\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng m\u1edbi v\u00e0 di\u1ec7t nh\u1eefng th\u00f3i quen t\u1eadt c\u0169 \u0111i; nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t, v\u00e0 ai c\u0169ng h\u0103ng h\u00e1i x\u00e1ch kh\u0103n g\u00f3i l\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o. H\u1ebft n\u1eeda th\u00e1ng r\u1ed3i hai ba th\u00e1ng. r\u1ed3i n\u1eeda n\u0103m v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ec1, l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta m\u1edbi hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o cho t\u1edbi khi n\u00e0o th\u1ea5y c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n r\u1ed3i th\u00ec m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ec1. V\u00e0 khi n\u00e0o xong th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft. T\u1edbi nay (1981), \u0111\u00e3 6 n\u0103m, v\u1eabn c\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ec1. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o 10 n\u0103m nh\u01b0 \u1edf Nga ch\u0103ng? Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta qu\u00ean b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean: vua Tr\u1ea7n Nh\u00e2n T\u00f4n sau khi th\u1eafng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u00e2n Nguy\u00ean, b\u1eaft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00e1p th\u01b0 t\u1eeb v\u00e3ng lai v\u1edbi gi\u1eb7c c\u1ee7a m\u1ea5y ng\u00e0n ng\u01b0\u1eddi, kh\u00f4ng th\u00e8m coi, \u0111\u1ed1t \u0111i h\u1ebft, nh\u1edd v\u1eady m\u00e0 \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c to\u00e0n d\u00e2n. \u0110\u1ecdc cu\u1ed1n J'ai choisi la libert\u00e9 (\u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn), nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 L\u2019archipel du Goulag c\u1ee7a Soljenytsine (g\u1ed3m 4 cu\u1ed1n, 2 cu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ecbch ra ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 in \u1edf Paris tr\u01b0\u1edbc 1975), ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a ta kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 t\u00e0n nh\u1eabn nh\u01b0 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a Nga. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh c\u00f3 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea1o n\u1eefa: \u0103n u\u1ed1ng tuy thi\u1ebfu th\u1ed1n, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gia \u0111\u00ecnh ti\u1ebfp t\u00e9 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ec1u, n\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp kh\u00f4ng xu\u1ed1ng c\u00e2n, tinh th\u1ea7n t\u1ed1t, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lao \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eeba s\u1ee9c, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecdc s\u00e1ch b\u00e1o... Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u tr\u1ea1i r\u1ea5t kh\u1eafc https:\/\/thuviensach.vn","nghi\u1ec7t. M\u1ed9t thi\u1ebfu ph\u1ee5 sau m\u00e1y n\u0103m xa c\u00e1ch, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i th\u0103m ch\u1ed3ng t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1i mi\u1ec1n b\u1eafc Trung Vi\u1ec7t, khi g\u1eb7p ch\u1ed3ng, kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1eefa, t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, m\u00e3i \u0111\u1ebfn khi ch\u1ed3ng c\u1ea5t ti\u1ebfng h\u1ecfi, m\u1edbi h\u1ebft nghi ng\u1edd. Ch\u1ed3ng c\u00f4 ta \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i h\u1eb3n t\u1eeb th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c t\u1edbi tinh th\u1ea7n, m\u1ea5t m\u1ea5y ch\u1ee5c k\u00ed l\u00f4. \u0111i kh\u00f4ng v\u1eefng, h\u1ed1c h\u00e1c, ch\u1eadm ch\u1ea1p, g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i x\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng h\u1ed3n, l\u1ea7m l\u00ec, h\u1ecfi m\u1edbi \u0111\u00e1p, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m, kh\u00f4ng suy ngh\u0129, kh\u00f4ng nh\u1edb g\u00ec c\u1ea3. s\u1ed1ng m\u00e0 nh\u01b0 ch\u1ebft r\u1ed3i. \u0110i c\u1ea3 ng\u00e0n c\u00e2y s\u1ed1 m\u1edbi t\u1edbi tr\u1ea1i m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eb7p m\u1eb7t ch\u1ed3ng c\u00f3 n\u1eeda gi\u1edd, l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f3c, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f3c th\u00ec b\u1ecb \u0111u\u1ed5i ra li\u1ec1n. H\u1ebft n\u1eeda gi\u1edd, v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng chia tay nhau, v\u1ee3 nh\u00ecn theo ch\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ea9y chi\u1ebfc xe ch\u1edf \u0111\u1ed3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ebf v\u1ec1 ch\u1ed7 giam; khi ch\u1ed3ng khu\u1ea5t b\u00f3ng r\u1ed3i, c\u00f4 ta g\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea7u xu\u1ed1ng b\u00e0n m\u00e0 kh\u00f3c, kh\u00f3c kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft bao l\u00e2u, h\u1ebft n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ee9ng d\u1eady, lo\u1ea1ng cho\u1ea1ng ra kh\u1ecfi tr\u1ea1i. C\u00f3 tr\u1ea1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \\\"tr\u1ea1i b\u00f2\\\", kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1ed1t b\u00f2 m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1ed1t nh\u1eefng ng\u1ee5y qu\u00e2n ng\u1ee5y quy\u1ec1n cao c\u1ea5p; ph\u00f2ng giam h\u1ecd ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i c\u1eeda cao \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1ed9t th\u01b0\u1edbc, mu\u1ed1n v\u00f4 th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i b\u00f2. L\u1ed1i tr\u1eebng tr\u1ecb nh\u01b0 v\u1eady t\u00f4i cho l\u00e0 v\u00f4 \u00edch, kh\u00f4ng \\\"c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i \u1edf m\u1ed9t ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ean, \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111a s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng ng\u1ee5y qu\u00e2n ng\u1ee5y quy\u1ec1n \u1edf trong n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ed9i g\u00ec c\u1ea3, ngo\u00e0i c\u00e1i t\u1ed9i s\u1ed1ng \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Nam, d\u01b0\u1edbi ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 M\u0129, Thi\u1ec7u th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i theo lu\u1eadt M\u0129, Thi\u1ec7u; nh\u01b0ng ngay c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb c\u00f3 t\u1ed9i \u0111i n\u1eefa, n\u1eb7ng th\u00ec gi\u1ebft h\u1ecd \u0111i, nh\u1eb9 th\u00ec c\u1ee9 d\u0129 tr\u1ef1c b\u00e1o o\u00e1n, nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u00e0ng d\u1ec5 c\u1ea3i h\u00f3a h\u1ecd h\u01a1n, c\u1ea7n g\u00ec ph\u1ea3i h\u00e0nh h\u1ea1 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady; d\u0129 o\u00e1n b\u00e1o o\u00e1n, o\u00e1n bao gi\u1edd m\u1edbi h\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c? \u0110\u00e3 h\u00e0nh h\u1ea1 h\u1ecd l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng cho con h\u1ecd v\u00f4 \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc m\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u h\u1ecdc gi\u1ecfi. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ch\u00ea b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a Kh\u1ed5ng T\u1eed: Thi\u00ean Ung D\u00e3, b\u00e0i 4 \u00f4ng b\u1ea3o cha Nhi\u1ec5m H\u1eefu (Tr\u1ecdng Cung) l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00e1c, nh\u01b0ng Nhi\u1ec5m H\u1eefu l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec1n th\u00ec c\u0169ng d\u00f9ng. L\u00e0m cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n t\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1eb1ng ch\u1ec9 ph\u1ea3i \u0111i c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o n\u1eeda th\u00e1ng m\u00e0 r\u1ed1t cu\u1ed9c l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i \u0111i 5-6 n\u0103m, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 10 n\u0103m; b\u1ea3o l\u00e0 cho h\u1ecd \u0111i h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp, c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o tinh th\u1ea7n m\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00e0nh h\u1ea1, \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3 th\u00f9, nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0m sao d\u00e2n tin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n? L\u1ec7nh trung \u01b0\u01a1ng ban h\u00e0nh, \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00f4ng theo, l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1eb3n l\u1ea1i; l\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u01b0u tr\u00ed kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t, ti\u1ec1n ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m g\u1edfi ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng cho r\u00fat ra m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1eb3ng th\u1eafn cho h\u1ecd bi\u1ebft l\u00ed do, c\u1ee9 l\u00e0m thinh \u0111\u1ec3 d\u00e2n ch\u1edd h\u1ebft ng\u00e0y n\u00e0y qua n\u0103m kh\u00e1c, ch\u1edd ch\u00e1n th\u00ec tuy\u1ec7t v\u1ecdng, th\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi n\u1eefa; cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u0103ng k\u00ed v\u01b0\u1ee3t bi\u00ean b\u00e1n ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c, thu c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi bao nhi\u00eau l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0ng, r\u1ed3i b\u1ed7ng nhi\u00ean ng\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i h\u1ebft m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee7 v\u00e0ng cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta; th\u00e2u thu\u1ebf c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta v\u00e0 cho ph\u00e9p b\u00e1n \u1edf https:\/\/thuviensach.vn","ch\u1ee3 tr\u1eddi r\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ed9t nhi\u00ean bao v\u00e2y c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t khu, t\u1ecbch thu h\u1ebft h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a; khi ch\u01b0a n\u1eafm ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n th\u00ec h\u1ee9a s\u1ebd b\u1ecf h\u1ebft c\u00e1c thu\u1ebf ch\u1ee3, chia \u0111\u1ea5t cho d\u00e2n c\u00e0y; n\u1eafm ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00edt l\u00e2u th\u00ec thu\u1ebf ch\u1ee3 c\u00f2n n\u1eb7ng h\u01a1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc, m\u1edbi chia \u0111\u1ea5t cho d\u00e2n th\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft d\u00e2n v\u00e0o h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c x\u00e3 n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, b\u1ecf quy\u1ec1n l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 mi\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd m\u00e0 l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 t\u1eadp th\u1ec3; tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 v\u1edbi qu\u1ed1c d\u00e2n v\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi r\u1eb1ng mi\u1ec1n Nam theo ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7, trung l\u1eadp, r\u1ed3i m\u1ed9t n\u0103m sau \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t qu\u1ed1c gia, h\u1ee7y b\u1ecf ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u00f3, b\u1eaft mi\u1ec1n Nam theo x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a nh\u01b0 mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc; b\u00e1o ch\u00ed, c\u00e1c \u0111\u00e0i ph\u00e1t thanh ch\u1ec9 th\u00f4ng tin m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u, kh\u00f4ng cho d\u00e2n bi\u1ebft s\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c, \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i ch\u00ednh nh\u1eefng c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 \u1edf b\u01b0ng v\u1ec1 c\u0169ng ph\u00e0n n\u00e0n r\u1eb1ng b\u00e1o ch\u00ed n\u00f3i l\u00e1o h\u1ebft, nh\u01b0 v\u1eady d\u00e2n l\u00e0m sao tin ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. M\u1edf b\u1ed9 Lu\u1eadn ng\u1eef ra s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y c\u1ea3 ch\u1ee5c b\u00e0i khuy\u00ean nh\u00e0 c\u1ea7m quy\u1ec1n gi\u1eef ch\u1eef t\u00edn v\u1edbi d\u00e2n, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 b\u00e0i 7 thi\u00ean Nhan Uy\u00ean: \\\"T\u1eed C\u1ed1ng, m\u1ed9t m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a Kh\u1ed5ng T\u1eed, h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 ph\u00e9p tr\u1ecb d\u00e2n. Kh\u1ed5ng T\u1eed \u0111\u00e1p: \\\"L\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c cho \u0111\u1ee7, binh b\u1ecb cho \u0111\u1ee7, d\u00e2n tin ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n\\\". T\u1eed C\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i h\u1ecfi: \\\"Trong ba \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3, n\u1ebfu b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eafc d\u0129 ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecf m\u1ed9t th\u00ec b\u1ecf \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0o tr\u01b0\u1edbc?\\\" \u0110\u00e1p: \\\"B\u1ecf binh b\u1ecb\\\". T\u1eed C\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i h\u1ecfi: \\\"Trong hai \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i, b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eafc d\u0129 ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecf m\u1ed9t n\u1eefa th\u00ec b\u1ecf \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0o tr\u01b0\u1edbc?\\\" \u0110\u00e1p: \\\"B\u1ecf l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c. T\u1eeb x\u01b0a v\u1eabn c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft, n\u1ebfu d\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng tin ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n th\u00ec ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed5\\\" (d\u00e2n v\u00f4 t\u00edn, b\u1ea5t l\u1eadp). M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y nh\u01b0 linh m\u1ee5c Cras nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0o tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ee9c th\u00e0nh t\u00edn b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ea1o Nho, m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c \u0111\u00f3 th\u1eddi nay b\u1ecb ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta coi r\u1ebb nh\u1ea5t. \u1ede th\u1eddi Kh\u1ed5ng T\u1eed, ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n n\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e2n tin th\u00ec ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed5. V\u00ec d\u00e2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u1ed5i lo\u1ea1n, l\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed5 vua, ho\u1eb7c k\u00e9o nhau qua n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c \u1edf, t\u00ecm m\u1ed9t \u00f4ng vua kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1edd. \u1ede th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang ta, khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eb7ng nh\u00e0 c\u1ea7m quy\u1ec1n nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c k\u00ec h\u1eefu hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e0n \u00e1p d\u00e2n ch\u00fang; h\u1ecd l\u1ea1i n\u1eafm s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng thu\u1eadt m\u1ec1m n\u1eafn d\u1eafn bu\u00f4ng, vu\u1ed1t ve d\u00e2n ch\u00fang, cho n\u00ean m\u1ed9t ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 v\u00ec ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch t\u00e0n b\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a n\u00f3; n\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7m quy\u1ec1n bi\u1ebft \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft v\u1edbi nhau, quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m b\u1eaft d\u00e2n theo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd th\u00ec d\u00e2n ph\u1ea3i r\u0103m r\u1eafp c\u00fai \u0111\u1ea7u tu\u00e2n l\u1ec7nh. Nh\u01b0ng khi d\u00e2n th\u1ea5y ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng \u0111em l\u1ea1i cho h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i l\u1ee3i g\u00ec th\u00ec h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3n kh\u00e1ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c, t\u00e0 t\u00e0, l\u00e8 ph\u00e8, kh\u00f4ng h\u0103ng h\u00e1i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c - ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n m\u00ecnh ba n\u0103m nay ch\u1ed1ng ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c m\u00e0 ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 g\u00ec c\u1ea3 - v\u00e0 khi ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n th\u1ea5y ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i c\u1ea3 cho ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n n\u1eefa th\u00ec t\u1ea5t ph\u1ea3i thay \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch. https:\/\/thuviensach.vn","L\u00fac n\u00e0y ai c\u0169ng th\u1ea5y trong th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n n\u00f2ng c\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9, t\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean, qu\u00e2n nh\u00e2n, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng an, \u0111\u00e3 ch\u00e1n n\u1ea3n, sa \u0111\u1ecda r\u1ed3i. \u1ede Long xuy\u00ean n\u0103m ngo\u00e1i \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra m\u1ed9t v\u1ee5: m\u1ed9t anh b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9i v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t anh c\u00f4ng an g\u00e2y nhau \u1edf khu ch\u1ee3, h\u1eb1m h\u00e8 r\u00fat s\u00fang ra t\u00ednh h\u1ea1 nhau. Sau anh b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9i h\u1ecfi anh c\u00f4ng an: \\\"L\u01b0\u01a1ng anh bao nhi\u00eau m\u1ed9t th\u00e1ng m\u00e0 anh h\u00fat thu\u1ed1c th\u01a1m 2 \u0111\u1ed3ng m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ebfu? C\u1ee9 l\u1ee5c t\u00fai c\u00e1c anh c\u00f4ng an th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng anh n\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t g\u00f3i thu\u1ed1c th\u01a1m. C\u00e1c anh l\u1ea5y ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e2u m\u00e0 mua?\\\" Anh c\u00f4ng an kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, t\u1ebdn, b\u1ecf \u0111i. \u0110\u00e3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u tin qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i d\u00f9ng t\u00e0u, xe nh\u00e0 binh ch\u1edf \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1eadu \u1edf Mi\u00ean v\u1ec1 b\u00e1n t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh g\u1ea7n bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi. L\u1ea1i c\u00f3 tin c\u00f4ng an \u00f4m v\u00e0ng v\u00e0 s\u00fang \u1ed1ng, d\u00f9ng t\u00e0u ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 v\u01b0\u1ee3t bi\u00ean. T\u1edbi m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1edb th\u00ec th\u1ebf n\u00e0o c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i thay \u0111\u1ed5i, ngay \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc c\u0169ng mong m\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1eeb m\u1ea5y n\u0103m nay r\u1ed3i, v\u00ec ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng tr\u1ee5y l\u1ea1c kh\u00f4ng k\u00e9m trong n\u00e0y. C\u1ee9 coi m\u1ee5c \\\"\u00fd ki\u1ebfn b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecdc\\\" tr\u00ean t\u1edd Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n th\u00ec bi\u1ebft. Kinh D\u1ecbch \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng (nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i), l\u1ea1i x\u00e9t c\u1ea3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p tr\u1eeb b\u1ecf s\u1ef1 li t\u00e1n m\u00e0 \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft l\u1ea1i (qu\u1ebb Ho\u00e1n), mu\u1ed1n v\u1eady ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecf tinh th\u1ea7n b\u00e8 ph\u00e1i, n\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n th\u00ec gi\u1ea3i t\u00e1n b\u00e8 ph\u00e1i, \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p qu\u1ed1c d\u00e2n m\u00e0 lo vi\u1ec7c n\u01b0\u1edbc, t\u1ee9c gi\u1ea3i t\u00e1n c\u00e1i nh\u1ecf \u0111\u1ec3 gom c\u00e1i l\u1edbn l\u1ea1i. Vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n l\u00e0m r\u1ed3i (n\u0103m 1946). H\u1ec5 th\u00e0nh t\u00e2m th\u00ec c\u00f3 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3. Nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i thay \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch kinh t\u1ebf, b\u1edbt thu\u1ebf m\u00e1 \u0111i, ph\u1ea3i cho d\u00e2n c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i th\u00ec d\u00e2n m\u1edbi h\u0103ng h\u00e1i s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. T\u1eeb v\u0103n minh n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p chuy\u1ec1n qua v\u00e3n minh c\u01a1 gi\u1edbi, k\u0129 thu\u1eadt, s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ed1n. V\u00ec c\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u, nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u, m\u00e1y m\u1ed5c m\u00e0 m\u00e1y m\u00f3c ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n ho\u00e0i, thay \u0111\u1ed5i ho\u00e0i. B\u1ecdn t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 tr\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00f3c l\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n t\u00e0n nh\u1eabn, v\u00f4 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea1o, b\u1ec9 \u1ed5i; nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang b\u00f3c l\u1ed9t nh\u01b0 v\u1eady m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n nh\u1ecf \u0111\u1ec3 gia \u0111\u00ecnh ch\u00fang h\u01b0\u1edfng, m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ec3 g\u00e2y v\u1ed1n, mua th\u00eam m\u00e1y m\u00f3c, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng th\u00eam nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y, c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i giao th\u00f4ng... nh\u1edd v\u1eady kinh t\u1ebf m\u1edbi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Ng\u00e0y nay c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ea1c h\u1eadu, ngh\u00e8o nh\u01b0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ta m\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 s\u1edf k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb s\u1ed1 kh\u00f4ng th\u00ec d\u00f9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ea1n vi\u1ec7n tr\u1ee3, ho\u1eb7c t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0, c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i d\u00f9ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n, b\u1eaft d\u00e2n ch\u00fang l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c nhi\u1ec1u, ti\u00eau pha \u00edt, \u0103n l\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00edt \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u1ed1n cho qu\u1ed1c gia, n\u00f3i tr\u1eafng ra l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i b\u00f3c l\u1ed9t lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, ch\u1ec9 kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n b\u00f3c l\u1ed9t, m\u00e0 ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n g\u1ea5p ng\u00e0n c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, tha h\u1ed3 b\u00f3c l\u1ed9t m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng cho d\u00e2n ph\u1ea3n kh\u00e1ng, l\u1ea5y l\u1ebd r\u1eb1ng https:\/\/thuviensach.vn","b\u00f3c l\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai cho qu\u1ed1c gia, cho c\u00e1c th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 sau, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 cho m\u1ed9t giai c\u1ea5p n\u00e0o h\u01b0\u1edfng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, mu\u1ed1n cho d\u00e2n ch\u00fang ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch kh\u1eafc kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i: - ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng: t\u1eeb tr\u00ean xu\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u1ecbu kh\u1eafc kh\u1ed5 chung; ngay nh\u1eefng b\u00e0 gi\u00e0 v\u00f4 h\u1ecdc \u1edf Nam c\u0169ng b\u1ea3o: n\u1ebfu c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 gi\u1eef ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \\\"ba c\u00f9ng\\\" - c\u00f9ng \u0103n, c\u00f9ng \u1edf, c\u00f9ng l\u00e0m v\u1edbi d\u00e2n, nh\u01b0 trong h\u1ed3i chi\u1ebfn tranh th\u00ec b\u1ea3o g\u00ec m\u00e0 d\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng vui v\u00e9 l\u00e0m?. - ph\u1ea3i c\u1edb s\u1ef1 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd, kh\u00f4ng dung t\u00fang s\u1ef1 phung ph\u00ed, gian tham; - ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng nh\u1eefng nhu c\u1ea7u t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n, \u0111\u1eebng l\u00e0m tr\u00e1i h\u1eb3n v\u1edbi b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i cho d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee7 \u0103n, \u0111\u1ee7 m\u1eb7c, c\u00f3 ch\u00fat ti\u00eau khi\u1ec3n, c\u00f3 ch\u00fat l\u1ee3i, c\u00f3 ch\u00fat c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang th\u00ec d\u00e2n m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ee7 s\u1ee9c m\u00e0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, c\u00f3 ch\u00fat h\u1ee9ng th\u00fa \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t l\u00ean. Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u1eb7ng cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta m\u0129 hi\u1ec7u l\u00e0 \\\"chi\u1ebfn s\u0129 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a\\\", ng\u00e0y \u0111\u00eam h\u00f4 h\u00e0o ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \\\"hi sinh cho \u0111\u1eddi con ch\u00e1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sung s\u01b0\u0111ng\\\" \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1eaft ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta s\u1ed1ng c\u1ef1c kh\u1ed5 su\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eddi, \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y qua \u0111\u1eddi kh\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c; v\u00ec ngh\u0129 cho c\u00f9ng khuy\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta hi sinh cho \u0111\u1eddi con ch\u00e1u th\u00ec c\u00f3 kh\u00e1c g\u00ec c\u00e1c c\u1ee5 h\u1ed3i x\u01b0a khuy\u00ean \u0103n hi\u1ec1n \u1edf l\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00fac cho con; c\u00f3 kh\u00e1c g\u00ec c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o Ki T\u00f4, H\u1ed3i H\u1ed3i, Ph\u1eadt khuy\u00ean t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3 ch\u1ecbu c\u1ef1c trong c\u00f5i tr\u1ea7n n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u1ebft \u0111i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00ean thi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ho\u1eb7c c\u00f5i ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng? B\u1ea1n b\u00e1c s\u0129 \u1ea5y ch\u0103m ch\u00fa nghe t\u00f4i n\u00f3i non m\u1ed9t gi\u1edd, khi v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3o t\u00f4i: \\\"Ch\u00e1u xin ph\u00e9p b\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng l\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc b\u00e1c n\u1eefa\\\". H\u00f4m nay \u0111\u1ec3 ghi l\u1ea1i cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e0m tho\u1ea1i, t\u00f4i s\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t l\u1ea1i qua loa, d\u1eabn th\u00eam v\u00e0\u1ecb \u0111o\u1ea1n trong kinh s\u00e1ch v\u00e0 th\u00eam m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i \u00fd (nh\u01b0 qu\u1ebb Ho\u00e1n) c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea1i c\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00ec gi\u1eef \u0111\u00fang. Nh\u01b0ng ghi xong r\u1ed3i, t\u00f4i ngh\u0129 l\u1ea1i m\u00e0 t\u1ef1 tr\u00e1ch m\u00ecnh h\u00f4m \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i nhi\u1ec1u qu\u00e1, qu\u00ean m\u1ea5t l\u1eddi c\u1ed5 nh\u00e2n: \\\"Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea1o v\u1edbi nhau th\u00ec l\u00e0m sao c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n v\u1edbi nhau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c?\\\" M\u00ecnh Theo C\u1ea3 Nh\u1eefng L\u1ea7m L\u1eabn C\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi So s\u00e1nh nh\u1eefng nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i \u1edf tr\u00ean v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecdc trong m\u01b0\u01a1i cu\u1ed1n v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng \u1edf Nga s\u00f4, Trung c\u1ed9ng, t\u00f4i th\u1ea5y ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh y h\u1ec7t ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a hai n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e0n anh \u0111\u00f3, nh\u1eefng l\u1ea7m l\u1eabn c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u1ea7m l\u1eabn c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. N\u0103m 1947, sau 30 n\u0103m c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng d\u00e2n Nga c\u0169ng b\u1ecb nh\u1ed3i s\u1ecd nh\u01b0 d\u00e2n m\u00ecnh; x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i h\u1ecd c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng, nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb \\\"phe ph\u1ea9y\\\", nh\u1eefng https:\/\/thuviensach.vn","ch\u1ee3 tr\u1eddi, nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 d\u01a1 d\u00e1y nh\u01b0 d\u00e2n m\u00ecnh; c\u0169ng c\u1edb n\u1ea1n mua ch\u1ee3 \u0111en v\u00e9 coi h\u00e1t, c\u0169ng c\u1ea5m d\u00e2n ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac ri\u00eang v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngo\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c (2); c\u0169ng c\u00f3 n\u1ea1n b\u00e8 ph\u00e1i nh\u01b0 m\u00ecnh; c\u0169ng c\u00f3 l\u1ec7 mu\u1ed1n th\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 th\u00ec cho th\u00eam m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n b\u1ecf v\u00e0o bao th\u01b0 ri\u00eang; c\u00e1c \u00f4ng l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd c\u0169ng c\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang nh\u01b0 \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00ecnh; nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb gian tr\u00e1 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e9n l\u00fat l\u00e0m m\u1ecdi c\u00e1i x\u1ea5u xa, mi\u1ec3n l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eebng ch\u1ed1ng ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n; ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga n\u00e0o c\u0169ng c\u00f3 hai m\u1eb7t, \u1edb nh\u00e0 th\u00ec kh\u00e1c, ra ngo\u00e0i th\u00ec kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 m\u00ecnh. H\u1ecd c\u0169ng tr\u1ecdng h\u1ed3ng h\u01a1n chuy\u00ean, c\u0169ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng, ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tnnh li\u1ec1n li\u1ec1n, th\u1ee3 h\u1ecd c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 \u0103n, c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c g\u00ec c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea1y; c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd c\u0169ng s\u1ee3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m nh\u01b0 c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh; ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o c\u00f2n t\u00e0n nh\u1eabn h\u01a1n ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh; s\u1ef1 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c b\u1ea7u c\u1eed y nh\u01b0 m\u00ecnh, v.v... H\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1eddi \\\"b\u0103ng r\u00e3\\\" (d\u00e9gel) r\u1ed3i b\u0103ng l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3ng l\u1ea1i (gel); Trung hoa c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1eddi \\\"tr\u0103m hoa \u0111ua n\u1edf\\\" r\u1ed3i m\u1ea5y th\u00e1ng sau, tr\u0103m hoa l\u1ea1i b\u1ecb c\u1ea5m n\u1edf; tr\u0103m hoa c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh c\u0169ng \u0111ua n\u1edf sau Trung hoa \u00edt th\u00e1ng, v\u00e0 c\u0169ng b\u1ecb c\u1ea5m n\u1edf sau h\u1ecd \u00edt th\u00e1ng. N\u0103m 1966 m\u00ecnh kh\u00f4n h\u01a1n Trung hoa l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng v\u0103n h\u00f3a, nh\u01b0ng n\u0103m 1978 m\u00ecnh c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb k\u0129 \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng v\u0103n h\u00f3a nh\u01b0 h\u1ecd, t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed1t h\u1ebft c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch b\u00e1o \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Nam, ch\u1ec9 gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng s\u00e1ch d\u1ea1y ngh\u1ec1 v\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, y nh\u01b0 T\u1ea7n Th\u1ee7y Ho\u00e0ng ch\u1ec9 cho gi\u1eef nh\u1eefng s\u00e1ch thu\u1ed1c, s\u00e1ch n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p... (3) May sao ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n (mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc hay Nam?) k\u1ecbp \u0111\u1ed5i \u00fd, cho ho\u00e3n l\u1ea1i cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00f3. Ngo\u00e0i ra, c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ph\u1ee5 c\u1ea5p cho sinh vi\u00ean, \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e3i v\u1edbi tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c, ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, h\u1ed9i h\u1ecdp \u1edf ph\u01b0\u1eddng, \u1ea5p, d\u0103ng, d\u00e1n bi\u1ec3u ng\u1eef \u1edf kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i, ph\u00e1t thanh b\u1eb1ng loa oang oang m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ai bu\u1ed3n nghe...; c\u1ea3 l\u1ed1i gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c tr\u1ebb em, b\u1ed5 t\u00fac v\u0103n h\u00f3a, c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh khai qu\u1eadt c\u1ed5 t\u00edch chung quanh \u0111\u1ec1n H\u00f9ng (4) ...m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec1u theo s\u00e1t g\u00f3t Mao Tr\u1ea1ch \u0110\u00f4ng. T\u00f4i c\u00f3 c\u1ea3m t\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1eb1ng m\u00ecnh ch\u00e9p \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a hai n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e0n anh, kh\u00f4ng x\u00e9t ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh, d\u00e2n t\u00ecnh, phong t\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh c\u00f3 kh\u00e1c h\u1ecd hay kh\u00f4ng. T\u00f4i ch\u01b0a th\u1ea5y m\u00ecnh c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn g\u00ec c\u1ea3, ngay c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng danh t\u1eeb nh\u01b0 bi\u00ean ch\u1ebf, ph\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ea1o, tham quan, tranh th\u1ee7... m\u00ecnh c\u0169ng ch\u00e9p nguy\u00ean c\u1ee7a Trung hoa. T\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c G. Orwell t\u1eeb 30 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, trong cu\u1ed1n 1984 \u0111\u00e3 ti\u00ean \u0111o\u00e1n v\u00e0 v\u1ebd \u0111\u00fang x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i Trung hoa nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1960 v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i Vi\u1ec7t nam ng\u00e0y nay. Nh\u01b0ng Nga, sau khi Staline ch\u1ebft \u0111\u0103 h\u01a1i thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i (5), Trung hoa sau khi Mao Tr\u1ea1ch \u0110\u00f4ng ch\u1ebft \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecf ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a Mao, x\u00edch l\u1ea1i g\u1ea7n phe t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n, v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u01b0 Ba lan, Ti\u1ec7p kh\u1eafc, Hung gia https:\/\/thuviensach.vn","l\u1ee3i, Nam t\u01b0... \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 t\u1eeb l\u00e2u ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 m\u00ecnh l\u1ebd n\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft? Xu H\u01b0\u1edbng C\u1ee7a Th\u1eddi \u0110\u1ea1i I. D\u1ef1 \u0110o\u00e1n Sai C\u1ee7a Marx T\u00f4i nghe n\u00f3i b\u1ed9 T\u01b0 b\u1ea3n lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a Karl Marx r\u1ea5t d\u00e0y, kh\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecdc m\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u v\u0103n hay, v\u00e0 ngay \u1edf \u00e2u M\u0129, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft gia c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tri\u1ebft gia, s\u1eed gia l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecdc tr\u1ecdn b\u1ed9 \u0111\u00f3 th\u00f4i. V\u00ec v\u1eady t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd ki\u1ebfm \u0111\u1ecdc n\u00f3 c\u1ea3. Nh\u01b0ng t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 t\u00f2 m\u00f2 \u0111\u1ecdc m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3, v\u0103n nh\u00e2n \u00c2u theo c\u1ed9ng hay kh\u00f4ng theo c\u1ed9ng, vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft Marx. \u0110\u1ea1i kh\u00e1i h\u1ecd nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 hai c\u1ed1ng hi\u1ebfn cho nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i: 1) S\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn chuy\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, s\u1ef1 di\u1ec5n ti\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0o kinh t\u1ebf. 2) Giai c\u1ea5p v\u00f4 s\u1ea3n b\u1ecb giai c\u1ea5p t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n b\u00f3c l\u1ed9t, v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i di\u1ec7t giai c\u1ea5p t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng, kh\u00f4ng ai b\u1ecb b\u00f3c l\u1ed9t, m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng v\u1edbi nhau; (Mu\u1ed1n v\u1eady ph\u1ea3i h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf t\u1ef1 do c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n. H\u1ec5 b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng th\u00ec m\u1ea5t t\u1ef1 do; h\u1ec5 t\u1ef1 do th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng to\u00e0n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c). H\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u00f3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n gi\u1eefa th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 tr\u01b0\u1edbc, t\u1edbi nay \u0111\u00e3 tr\u0103m r\u01b0\u1edfi n\u0103m, v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u1ea5y Marx c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u ti\u00ean \u0111o\u00e1n sai, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n: 1) C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng v\u00f4 s\u1ea3n s\u1ebd xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft \u1edf nh\u1eefng x\u1ee9 k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 nh\u01b0 \u0110\u1ee9c, Anh; nh\u01b0ng s\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c n\u00f3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u1edf Nga, m\u1ed9t x\u1ee9 k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 k\u00e9m nh\u1ea5t ch\u00e2u \u00c2u h\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 ch\u00fang ta; sau \u0111\u00f3 n\u00f3 l\u1ea1i xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u1edf nh\u1eefng n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p r\u1ea5t l\u1ea1c h\u1eadu v\u1ec1 k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7, nh\u01b0 Trung hoa, Vi\u1ec7t nam...; 2) Marx tin r\u1eb1ng giai c\u1ea5p v\u00f4 s\u1ea3n \u1edf kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft v\u1edbi nhau \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f9ng di\u1ec7t giai c\u1ea5p t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n \u1edf m\u1ecdi n\u01b0\u1edbc, do \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n tinh th\u1ea7n qu\u1ed1c gia n\u1eefa, th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed3ng; nh\u01b0ng b\u00e2y gi\u1edd ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u1ea5y ngay \u1edf Nga, Trung hoa, \u0110\u00f4ng \u00c2u, ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n n\u00e0o c\u0169ng mang n\u1eb7ng tinh th\u1ea7n qu\u1ed1c gia t\u1edbi m\u1ee9c hai n\u01b0\u1edbc anh em v\u1edbi nhau m\u1edbi th\u1ec1 s\u1ed1ng ch\u1ebft c\u00f3 nhau, \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 di\u1ec7t t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n m\u00e0 \u00edt n\u0103m sau \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e2m ch\u00e9m nhau v\u00ec v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ranh gi\u1edbi, ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n, c\u0169ng x\u00e2m l\u1ea5n nhau, ph\u1ea3n nhau y nh\u01b0 b\u1ecdn th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n v\u1eady; hi\u1ec7n nay Trung hoa l\u1ea1i li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi M\u0129 \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng Nga n\u1eefa, kh\u00f4ng cho Nga b\u00e0nh tr\u01b0\u0111ng \u1edb Afganistan, \u0110\u00f4ng \u00c1. Kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft b\u00e0i ca qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf: \\\"Prol\u00e9taires de tous les pays, unissez-vous\\\" (H\u1ee1i anh em v\u00f4 s\u1ea3n t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft v\u1edbi nhau l\u1ea1i) nay c\u00f2n ai h\u00e1t n\u1eefa kh\u00f4ng; Marx https:\/\/thuviensach.vn","mu\u1ed1n di\u1ec7t chi\u1ebfn tranh nh\u01b0ng chi\u1ebfn tranh l\u1ea1i xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n v\u1edbi nhau; 3) \u00d4ng \u0111o\u00e1n r\u1eb1ng ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n s\u1ebd ch\u1ebft, nh\u01b0ng t\u1edbi nay n\u00f3 v\u1eabn m\u1ea1nh ch\u1edb kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ebft, m\u00e0 tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf, n\u00e2ng cao m\u1ee9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n th\u00ec c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n kh\u00f4ng sao c\u1ea1nh tranh n\u1ed5i v\u1edbi n\u00f3 (l\u1eddi Garaudy, m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Ph\u00e1p theo c\u1ed9ng), v\u00ec n\u00f3 bi\u1ebft t\u1ef1 th\u00edch \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh, t\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i, t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft l\u1ea7n l\u1ea7n nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng kinh t\u1ebf, ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb (l\u1eddi m\u1ed9t ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb gia c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n \u1edf \u0110\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ee9c); n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111i t\u1edbi ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n (monopole) m\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn t\u1edbi ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 kinh t\u1ebf t\u1ef1 do tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng (\u00e9conomie du march\u00e9) \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111l\u00eau h\u00f2a. Tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i, ch\u00ednh nh\u1eefng n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n m\u1edbi theo ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n, \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n qu\u1ed1c gia. 4) Marx mu\u1ed1n x\u00f3a b\u1ecf h\u1ebft s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng, x\u00f3a b\u1ecf giai c\u1ea5p, nh\u01b0ng \u1edb Nga, \u0110\u00f4ng \u00c2u kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n giai c\u1ea5p t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n n\u1eefa th\u00ec l\u1ea1i xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t giai c\u1ea5p m\u1edbi, giai c\u1ea5p c\u00e1n b\u1ed9, th\u01b0 l\u1ea1i, t\u1eeb quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i t\u1edbi l\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng, \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t h\u1eb3n v\u1edbi giai c\u1ea5p th\u1ee3 thuy\u1ec1n, n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n. 5) Marx hi v\u1ecdng thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh con ng\u01b0\u1eddi; Nga \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p r\u1ea5t m\u1ea1nh tr\u00ean 60 n\u0103m nay, hai ba th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 r\u1ed3i m\u00e0 b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i g\u00ec c\u1ea3: v\u1eabn ham c\u00f3 t\u01b0 s\u1ea3n, h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1ef1 do, h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1ea1c nh\u01b0 \u00c2u M\u0129 (6). Hi\u1ec7n nay \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 n\u1ee9t r\u1ea1n n\u1eb7ng trong kh\u1ed1i c\u1ed9ng, n\u1ebfu h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e9o gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1edbi nhau th\u00ec tr\u01b0\u1edbc cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 n\u00e0y s\u1ebd c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 tan r\u00e3: Nga, Trung hoa th\u00e0nh k\u1ebb th\u00f9 c\u1ee7a nhau, Trung hoa nh\u1ea3y qua ph\u00eda T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng; Vi\u1ec7t, Hoa c\u0169ng h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y s\u1ec9 v\u1ea3 nhau, g\u00e2y h\u1ea5n v\u1edbi nhau; c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u00f4ng \u00c2u nh\u01b0 Ba lan, Ti\u1ec7p kh\u1eafc, Nam t\u01b0 (c\u00f3 l\u1ebd c\u1ea3 L\u1ed7 ma ni, Bulgarie n\u1eefa) \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecf ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a Nga m\u00e0 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch nhi\u1ec1u x\u00ed nghi\u1ec7p t\u01b0, coi tr\u1ecdng quan ni\u1ec7m l\u1ee3i (profit), ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 coi nh\u1eb9 l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb m\u00e0 t\u00ecm c\u00e1i l\u1ee3i, nh\u1edd v\u1eady m\u1ee9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n cao h\u01a1n \u1edf Nga; Hung gia l\u1ee3i cho d\u00e2n ch\u00fang t\u1ef1 do h\u01a1n, b\u1ecf ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea3ng; hai n\u0103m nay Ba lan c\u0169ng \u0111\u00f2i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1eady; m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3ng c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Ph\u00e1p c\u0169ng mu\u1ed1n v\u1eady; \u0111\u1ea3ng c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n \u00dd, B\u1ed3 \u0111\u00e0o nha \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ecf \u00fd \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu theo ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch ngo\u1ea1i giao c\u1ee7a Nga trong v\u00e0i bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf; \u0111\u1ea3ng c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Nh\u1eadt c\u00f2n c\u00f3 tinh th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp h\u01a1n n\u1eefa; h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1u th\u1ea5y ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c x\u00e3 n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p (Kolkhoze) c\u1ee7a Nga th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1eaft n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n v\u00e0o h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c x\u00e3 n\u1eefa. Nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 kh\u1eafp \u00c2u M\u0129, kh\u00f4ng n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0o ch\u1ecbu \u201cch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a https:\/\/thuviensach.vn","Goulag\\\" (socialisme du Goulag) ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a b\u1eb1ng tr\u1ea1i giam, tr\u1ea1i c\u00e0i t\u1ea1o (Goulag) c\u1ee7a Nga trong th\u1eddi Staline. Ngay \u1edf Nga, t\u1eeb 1965, c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i kinh t\u1ebf, cho m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 x\u00ed nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 do, c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch l\u1ed1i qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed v\u00e0 l\u1ed1i s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea9t \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ee3i, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i th\u00ec chia cho c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n, m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 khu\u1ebfch tr\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u00ed nghi\u1ec7p. Kossyguine \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft nghe l\u1eddi kinh t\u1ebf gia Libermann ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng t\u1edbi c\u00e1c lu\u1eadt kinh t\u1ebf, b\u1ecf quan ni\u1ec7m gi\u00e1o \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111i. \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc c\u0169ng b\u1edbt b\u1ecb ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb h\u00f3a r\u1ed3i. Thanh ni\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecdc c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y v\u00e0 h\u1ecd r\u1ea5t th\u00edch v\u0103n h\u1ecdc Ph\u00e1p. H\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 do t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng. C\u00f2n ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef Nga th\u00ec \u0111\u00f2i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh v\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac, m\u1ee9c s\u1ed1ng cao h\u01a1n, sao cho g\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a M\u0129, v\u00e0 r\u1ea5t th\u00edch \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng gia \u0111\u00ecnh, gh\u00e9t \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 (theo Jean Marabini trong cu\u1ed1n L\u2019URSS \u00e0 le conquite du futur - Denoel - 1967). Ngay nh\u00e0 v\u0103n c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Ph\u00e1p Aragon, trong cu\u1ed1n Histoire parall\u00e8le de l'URSS (1962) c\u0169ng ch\u00ea ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a Nga trong su\u1ed1t th\u1eddi Staline c\u1ea7m quy\u1ec1n. Nga \u0111\u00e2u c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ea7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e0n em th\u1edd n\u1eefa. Nh\u00e0 b\u00e1c h\u1ecdc Sakharov trong t\u1edd Express th\u00e1ng 8-1972, nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng Nga c\u00f3 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 v\u1ec1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, kinh t\u1ebf, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u0169ng ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n c\u00f2n h\u01a1n Nga, ti\u1ebfn nh\u1edd k\u0129 thu\u1eadt ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i nh\u1edd ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a. \u00d4ng ch\u00ea nh\u00e0 c\u1ea7m quy\u1ec1n Nga gi\u1ea3 d\u1ed1i, \u00edch k\u1ec9, t\u00e0n nh\u1eabn; gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 y t\u1ebf Nga r\u1ea5t t\u1ed3i t\u1ec7 v\u00ec b\u1ecdn c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 cao c\u1ea5p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00e3i m\u00e0 b\u1ecdn th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e2n b\u1ecb ng\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e3i; ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n d\u00f9ng nh\u00e0 th\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111i\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1ed1t b\u1ecdn tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n; ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n d\u00f9ng t\u1edbi 40% l\u1ee3i t\u1ee9c qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00e0o qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1, v\u00f5 b\u1ecb, n\u00ean m\u1ee9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u0103ng l\u00ean ch\u1eadm... II. Nguy\u1ec7n V\u1ecdng C\u1ee7a Con Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Th\u1eddi Nay \u0110\u1ecdc s\u00e1ch b\u00e1o ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y trong hai ch\u1ee5c n\u0103m nay t\u00f4i th\u1ea5y gi\u1edbi tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 h\u1ea1ng tr\u1ebb \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng nguy\u1ec7n v\u1ecdng gi\u1ed1ng nhau, v\u00e0 t\u00f4i g\u1ecdi nh\u1eefng nguy\u1ec7n v\u1ecdng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i. Nguy\u1ec7n v\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean kh\u00e1c h\u1eb3n nh\u1eefng nguy\u1ec7n v\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a \u0111a s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb gia, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 b\u1ecdn c\u1ea7m quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 h\u01a1n nguy\u1ec7n v\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e0. \u0110\u1ea1i kh\u00e1i t\u00f4i th\u1ea5y xu h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0: 1) Ng\u00e1n chi\u1ebfn tranh l\u1eafm r\u1ed3i, thanh ni\u00ean Nga nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i, \u0111\u00f2i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh, m\u00e0 thanh ni\u00ean Ph\u00e1p m\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ed1n n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc (1966) \u0111\u00e3 mu\u1ed1n b\u1ecf qu\u00e2n d\u1ecbch \u0111i, thay b\u1eb1ng d\u00e2n d\u1ecbch, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n v\u00e0o tr\u1ea1i t\u1eadp qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 n\u1eefa m\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n t\u1ef1 nguy\u1ec7n ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 v\u1ec1 m\u1ecdi ng\u00e0nh ho\u1ea1t \u1ede https:\/\/thuviensach.vn","\u0111\u1ed9ng: canh n\u00f4ng, y t\u1ebf, k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7, gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c... \u1ede c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ec3u. (K\u1ec3 chung trai v\u00e0 g\u00e1i, 63,7% th\u00edch d\u00e2n d\u1ecbch, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 20,6% th\u00edch qu\u00e2n d\u1ecbch, kho\u1ea3ng 15% kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u00fd ki\u1ebfn \u2013 coi b\u00e0i \\\"Thanh ni\u00ean Ph\u00e1p ng\u00e0y nay mu\u1ed1n g\u00ec?\\\", trong cu\u1ed1n Nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n Hi\u1ebfn L\u00ea - M\u1eb7t \u0110\u1ea5t xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n - 1974) 2) Mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 do, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 nhu c\u1ea7u c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng; ngay \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 mu\u1ed1n b\u1ecf ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea3ng m\u00e0 \u0111\u00f2i c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea3ng, m\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u c\u00f9ng theo m\u1ed9t ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb; v\u00ec ai c\u0169ng ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i \u0111\u01b0a t\u1edbi ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a, m\u1ed7i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p cho m\u1ed9t d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, m\u1ed9t giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i theo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a Nga hay c\u1ee7a Trung hoa. 3) Mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng, c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 b\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 k\u1ebb gi\u00e0u qu\u00e1, ngh\u00e8o qu\u00e1, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n s\u1ef1 b\u00f3c l\u1ed9t c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n. S\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c l\u00e0 \u1edb c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 hi\u1ec7n nay, nh\u1edd ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt che ch\u1edf, g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 h\u1ebft s\u1ef1 b\u00f3c l\u1ed9t \u0111\u00f3 r\u1ed3i. L\u1ea1i th\u00eam c\u00e1c x\u00ed nghi\u1ec7p l\u1edbn th\u1eddi n\u00e0y c\u1ea7n v\u1ed1n r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn, kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ee7 v\u1ed1n l\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, ph\u1ea3i k\u00eau c\u1ed5 ph\u1ea7n, v\u00e0 h\u1ea1ng th\u1ee3 thuy\u1ec1n, th\u01b0 k\u00ed c\u0169ng mua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ed5 ph\u1ea7n, do \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ef1 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed kh\u00f4ng \u1edf trong tay m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi, m\u1ed9t gia \u0111\u00ecnh, m\u00e0 \u1edf trong tay nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n v\u1ec1 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed, nh\u1eefng k\u0129 thu\u1eadt gia, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1i l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a x\u00ed nghi\u1ec7p, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u00f3c l\u1ed9t v\u00f4 s\u1ea3n tr\u1eafng tr\u1ee3n nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. S\u1ef1 b\u00f3c l\u1ed9t ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n \u1edf nh\u1eefng n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ea1c h\u1eadu th\u00f4i; \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n t\u00f4i ch\u1eafc m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y kia hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng qu\u1ed1c gia b\u00f3c l\u1ed9t c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n khi m\u00e0 n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf n\u1eefa; l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 \u1edf kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, s\u1ef1 t\u0103ng ti\u1ebfn t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n, l\u1ee3i t\u1ee9c s\u1ebd chung c\u1ea3 ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ri\u00eang cho m\u1ed9t gi\u1edbi n\u00e0o, giai c\u1ea5p n\u00e0o (t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n hay c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o). 4) Mu\u1ed1n h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, s\u1ef1 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y m\u1ed7i nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ec3 h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee5 r\u1ed3i h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee5 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ph\u00ed ph\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u, nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch m\u00f9 qu\u00e1ng, v\u00f4 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u1edf Massachusett Institute of Technologie (MIT) \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdp nhau \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm \u00fd ngh\u0129a, m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch cho c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. L\u00ean cung tr\u0103ng r\u1ed3i l\u00ean h\u1ecfa tinh \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m g\u00ec khi m\u00e0 hai ph\u1ea7n ba nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i c\u00f2n \u0111\u00f3i? V\u1edbi l\u1ea1i ch\u00fang ta n\u00ean nh\u1edb r\u1eb1ng v\u0103n minh k\u0129 thu\u1eadt ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t giai \u0111o\u1ea1n trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 v\u00ec n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng t\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. \u0110\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 khoa h\u1ecdc gia, kinh t\u1ebf gia, ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb gia ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3i ng\u01b0ng s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n l\u1ea1i - ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta g\u1ecdi h\u1ecd l\u00e0 b\u1ecdn Z\u00e9giste https:\/\/thuviensach.vn","-; v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u thanh ni\u00ean \u00c2u M\u0129 gh\u00e9t l\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng \u1ed3 \u1ea1t, quay cu\u1ed3ng ch\u1ea1y theo v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t, m\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, gi\u1ea3n d\u1ecb, g\u1ea7n thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean. 5) Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n trong c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 gi\u1edbi thanh ni\u00ean c\u00f3 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea1i ngh\u1ecb (Parlementarisme) kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p th\u1eddi n\u1eefa. D\u00e2n ch\u1ec9 m\u1ea5y n\u0103m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i b\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n, r\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh s\u1ebd suy ngh\u0129, quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh thay m\u00ecnh; nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 \u0111em t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh giao ph\u00f3 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 d\u1ef1 v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c n\u01b0\u1edbc. Kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0o t\u1ef1 m\u1ec7nh danh l\u00e0 d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3 d\u1ed1i (hypocrisie) h\u1ebft nh\u01b0 Raymond Aron n\u00f3i, v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0o d\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ea3, kh\u00f4ng \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0o giai c\u1ea5p b\u1ecb b\u00f3c l\u1ed9t, \u1ee9c hi\u1ebfp c\u1ed1 th\u1ec3 l\u00ean c\u1ea7m quy\u1ec1n c\u1ea3. Kh\u1ea9u hi\u1ec7u \\\"c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n, v\u00ec d\u00e2n, do d\u00e2n\\\" kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n, v\u00ec d\u00e2n (hi\u1ebfm l\u1eafm!) nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n n\u00e0o l\u00e0 do d\u00e2n \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n, \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i, ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2u? Ph\u1ea3i thay \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 ra sao cho d\u00e2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec1 \u0111\u00edch th\u00e2n d\u1ef1 v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c n\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi chung c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 \u0111ang l\u00ean. Tr\u1eeb nguy\u1ec7n v\u1ecdng th\u1ee9 4 v\u00e0 th\u1ee9 5 l\u00e0 m\u1edbi m\u1ebb, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u1edf th\u1eddi n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00ec th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea1i ngh\u1ecb, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u00e1y m\u00f3c, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t nhl\u00eau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c; c\u00f2n ba nguy\u1ec7n v\u1ecdng tr\u00ean: h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh, t\u1ef1 do, b\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 nguy\u1ec7n v\u1ecdng chung c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i t\u1eeb th\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ed5. Kh\u1ed5ng T\u1eed, L\u00e3o T\u1eed, Th\u00edch Ca, Ki T\u00f4, ch\u1ec9 tr\u1eeb Mahomet, \u0111\u1ec1u gh\u00e9t chi\u1ebfn tranh; c\u1ea3 b\u1ed1n v\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1u mu\u1ed1n b\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n. Kh\u1ed5ng T\u1eed trong b\u00e0i 1 thi\u00ean Qu\u00ed th\u1ecb b\u1ea3o: \\\"B\u1ea5t ho\u1ea1n qu\u1ea3 nhi ho\u1ea1n b\u1ea5t qu\u00e2n\\\" (Ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ecb n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng lo thi\u1ebfu m\u00e0 lo s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e2n b\u00ecnh); L\u00e3o T\u1eed (ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 48 \u0110\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c kinh) khuy\u00ean t\u1ed5n h\u1eefu d\u01b0 b\u1ed5 b\u1ea5t t\u00fac (l\u1ea5y b\u1edbt ch\u1ed7 d\u01b0 \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00f9 v\u00e0o ch\u1ed7 thi\u1ebfu), ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 77 l\u1ea1i h\u1ecfi: \\\"Ai l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 d\u01b0 m\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi thi\u1ebfu th\u1ed1n trong thi\u00ean h\u1ea1?\\\" Th\u00edch Ca trong kinh A H\u00e0m cung khuy\u00ean ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n cho c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng, tuy kh\u00f4ng tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00f3a b\u1ecf giai c\u1ea5p nh\u01b0ng b\u1ea3o m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i v\u00e0 ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 nhau, c\u00f2n Ki T\u00f4 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 M\u1eb7c T\u1eed r\u1ea5t b\u00eanh v\u1ef1c giai c\u1ea5p ngh\u00e8o. V\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 do, L\u00e3o T\u1eed c\u00f3 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ef1c \u0111oan, kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n ban gi\u00e1o l\u1ec7nh cho d\u00e2n, l\u1ea1i c\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng ban c\u1ea5m l\u1ec7nh, v\u00ec c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ea5m l\u1ec7nh th\u00ec d\u00e2n c\u00e0ng ngh\u00e8o (ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 57). \u0110\u1ea1o Nho c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00f4n h\u00f2a, th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf h\u01a1n. S\u1eed ch\u00e9p v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng 845 tr\u01b0\u1edbc T\u00e2y 1\u1ecbch, Thi\u1ec7u C\u00f4ng t\u00e2u v\u1edbi vua Chu l\u00e0 L\u1ec7 V\u01b0\u01a1ng: https:\/\/thuviensach.vn","\\\"Khi nh\u00e0 vua bi\u1ebft tr\u1ecb n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00ec thi s\u0129 t\u1ef1 do l\u00e0m th\u01a1, k\u00e9p h\u00e1t t\u1ef1 do \u0111\u00f3ng tr\u00f2, c\u00e1c vi\u00ean th\u00e1i s\u1eed ch\u00e9p \u0111\u00fang s\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft can gi\u00e1n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ea5u n\u1ed7i b\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 thu\u1ebf m\u00e1 qu\u00e1 cao, th\u01b0 sinh h\u1ecdc b\u00e0i l\u1edbn ti\u1ebfng (...), d\u00e2n b\u00e0y t\u1ecf \u00fd ki\u1ebfn v\u1ec1 m\u1ecdi vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 \u00f4ng gi\u00e0 b\u00e0 c\u1ea3 ph\u00e0n n\u00e0n v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ee7 th\u1ee9\\\" (Do Will Durant d\u1eabn \u1edb \u0111\u1ea7u cu\u1ed1n V\u0103n minh Trung hoa). L\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u00e9p v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1eddi H\u00e1n, d\u00f9 v\u1eady ch\u0103ng n\u1eefa th\u00ec 2.000 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, tri\u1ebft gia Trung hoa c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb ti\u1ebfn h\u1ed9 bi\u1ebft bao, ph\u00e1i m\u00e0 ng\u00e0y nay g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 T\u00e2n t\u1ea3 ph\u00e1i (nouvelle gauche), c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng h\u01a1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. III. S\u1ef1 Tranh Ch\u1ea5p Gi\u1eefa Nga V\u00e0 M\u1ef9 Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u00f2n bi\u1ebfn chuy\u1ec3n nhi\u1ec1u, ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1edf trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi h\u1ed5n \u0111\u1ed9n, kh\u00f4ng ai \u0111o\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai ra sao. Trong hai ch\u1ee5c n\u0103m t\u1edbi ch\u01b0a th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi (governement mondial) ch\u01b0a th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, nh\u01b0ng nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb di\u1ec7t v\u00ec chi\u1ebfn tranh nguy\u00ean t\u1eed \u0111\u00e2u. C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n v\u00e0 t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n tuy x\u00edch l\u1ea1i nhau \u0111\u1ea5y - c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n h\u01a1i t\u1ef1 do h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat, t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n b\u1edbt b\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng h\u01a1n; nh\u01b0ng hai kh\u1ed1i v\u1eabn ch\u1ed1ng nhau (h\u1ec5 lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u01b0a b\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00fd th\u1ee9c h\u1ec7 th\u00ec c\u00f2n chia r\u1ebd), kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 \\\"h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. M\u1ed9t h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 M\u0129 nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng d\u00e2n ch\u00fang Nga th\u00edch ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd t\u1eeb khi ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1edfi m\u1edf l\u1ea7n l\u1ea7n, v\u00e0 tuy mu\u1ed1n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t m\u1ee9c s\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 M\u0129 nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n, tuy\u1ec7t nhi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n cho c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n b\u00f3c l\u1ed9t c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n n\u1eefa, v\u00ec kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 d\u00e2n n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c r\u1ea5t \u00edt nh\u01b0 d\u00e2n Nga. C\u00f2n d\u00e2n c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n th\u00ec \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111a s\u1ed1 v\u1eabn th\u00edch s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 do kinh doanh, ph\u1ea3i tranh \u0111\u1ea5u, lao l\u1ef1c h\u01a1n nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 h\u1ee9ng th\u00fa h\u01a1n, kh\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng ph\u1eb3ng l\u1eb7ng l\u1ebd t\u1edbi bu\u1ed3n n\u1ea3n, m\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 thanh ni\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 c\u1ea1nh tranh l\u00e0m cho cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi b\u1eadn r\u1ed9n qu\u00e1. T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00fang t\u1edbi m\u1ee9c n\u00e0o, nh\u01b0ng t\u00f4i th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 l\u00ed. V\u1eady th\u00ec Nga M\u0129 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u1eafng nhau b\u1eb1ng \u00fd th\u1ee9c h\u1ec7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c; nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng d\u00e1m d\u00f9ng chi\u1ebfn tranh nguy\u00ean t\u1eed \u0111\u1ec3 di\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00ec c\u1ea3 hai s\u1ebd ch\u1ebft h\u1ebft. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 d\u00f9ng chi\u1ebfn tranh l\u1ea1nh, tranh nhau \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u1edf ch\u00e2u Phi, ch\u00e2u M\u0129 la tinh, T\u00e2y \u00c1, \u0110\u00f4ng \u00c1, \u1edf nh\u1eefng n\u01b0\u1edbc y\u1ebfu m\u00e0 c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd: d\u1ea7u l\u1eeda \u1edf b\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea3o \u00c1 r\u1eadp, Ba t\u01b0, m\u1ecf cobaltz \u1edf ch\u00e2u Phi, m\u1ecf \u0111\u1ed3ng, nh\u00f4m, uranium... \u1edf ch\u00e2u Phi v\u00e0 ch\u00e2u M\u0129 la tinh. N\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0o d\u00f9ng ngo\u1ea1i giao, v\u00f5 l\u1ef1c, ti\u1ec1n b\u1ea1c ho\u1eb7c th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m m\u00e0 li\u00ean k\u1ebft, l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u https:\/\/thuviensach.vn","n\u01b0\u1edbc trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ee9 ba \u0111\u00f3, l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ea7u th\u00ec kinh t\u1ebf, k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 s\u00ea m\u1ea1nh m\u00e0 th\u1eafng n\u01b0\u1edbc kia. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a b\u1ecdn th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n m\u1edbi. Khi n\u00e0o chi\u1ebfm h\u1ebft t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t, h\u1ecd s\u1ebd t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch chi\u1ebfm t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e1y bi\u1ec3n. Hi\u1ec7n nay c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1edbn \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdp h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch v\u1ea1ch ranh gi\u1edbi tr\u00ean bi\u1ec3n, chia nhau khu v\u1ef1c \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng. Th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n c\u00f2n s\u1ed1ng dai l\u1eafm. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n chi\u1ebfn tranh v\u00ec \u00fd th\u1ee9c h\u1ec7 n\u1eefa, m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n chi\u1ebfn tranh v\u00ec t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn tranh n\u00e0y gay go h\u01a1n chi\u1ebfn tranh \u00fd th\u1ee9c h\u1ec7 n\u1eefa. T\u00f4i s\u1ee3 gi\u1eefa th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 sau, th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. T\u1eeb 1945 t\u1edbi nay, phe t\u01b0 h\u1ea3n ph\u1ea3i l\u00f9i b\u01b0\u1edbc \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u n\u01a1i, v\u00ec h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft v\u1edbi nhau, kh\u00f4ng c\u01b0\u01a1ng quy\u1ebft, ki\u00ean nh\u1eabn, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3ng n\u00e0o n\u1eafm quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e2u, v\u00e0 c\u0169ng v\u00ec h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng d\u01b0 lu\u1eadn qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang. Nh\u01b0ng t\u1eeb nay tr\u1edf \u0111i, n\u1ebfu c\u01b0\u01a1ng quy\u1ebft th\u00ec h\u1ecd gi\u1eef v\u1eefng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1eadn tuy\u1ebfn v\u00ec kh\u1ed1i c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb chia r\u1ebd, Trung hoa \u0111\u00e3 b\u01b0\u1edbc qua kh\u1ed1i T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0110\u00f4ng \u00c2u c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean k\u1ebft ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd v\u1edbi Nga n\u1eefa; v\u00e0 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ec3u l\u1ea7n l\u1ea7n th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng theo Nga kinh t\u1ebf c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng mau ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n g\u00ec h\u01a1n theo c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n, tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 kh\u00e1c, nh\u01b0 B\u1eafc H\u00e0n so v\u1edbi Nam H\u00e0n, Trung hoa l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba so v\u1edbi Trung hoa \u0110\u00e0i loan. \u0110\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ee9c v\u1edbi T\u00e2y \u0110\u1ee9c. M\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng mau ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u1ec1 kinh t\u1ebf th\u00ec m\u1ee9c s\u1ed1ng th\u1ea5p ho\u00e0i, d\u00e2n c\u1ee9 ph\u1ea3i hi sinh ho\u00e0i, s\u1ebd ch\u00e1n n\u1ea3n, bi\u1ebft bao gi\u1edd m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a Marx, L\u00e9nine, l\u00e0 v\u01b0\u1ee3t t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng, t\u1ef1 do v\u00e0 phong t\u00fac. \u0110i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 phe t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 M\u0129, ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecf ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 b\u1ecdn tham nh\u0169ng l\u00e0m tay sai cho m\u00ecnh m\u00e0 bi\u1ebft d\u00f9ng h\u1ea1ng c\u00f3 t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch, c\u00f3 tinh th\u1ea7n c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e2n ch\u00fang tr\u1ecdng. Simon Leys trong cu\u1ed1n Les habits neufs du Pr\u00e9sident Mao (Ed. Champ Libre - 1977) tr\u00e1ch T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng gi\u00fap tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh M\u00e3n Thanh h\u1ee7 l\u1eadu d\u1eb9p b\u1ecdn c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh thi\u00ean qu\u1ed1c; r\u1ed3i qua \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XX, c\u0169ng l\u1ea1i \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 M\u00e3n Thanh d\u1eb9p phong tr\u00e0o d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7, coi th\u01b0\u1eddng T\u00f4n D\u1eadt Ti\u00ean m\u00e0 tin Vi\u00ean Th\u1ebf Kh\u1ea3i; sau c\u00f9ng nghi ng\u1edd T\u01b0\u1edfng Gi\u1edbi Th\u1ea1ch khi T\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1ecf ra c\u00e1i v\u1ebb m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng, m\u00e0 h\u1ebft l\u00f2ng tin T\u01b0\u1edfng khi T\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1ed9 ch\u00e2n t\u01b0\u1edbng m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00e0i, kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 bi\u1ebft t\u1edbi Mao Tr\u1ea1ch \u0110\u00f4ng m\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u Mao \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng m\u1ed9. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ch\u00ednh khi\u1ebfn d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Trung hoa kh\u00f4ng \u01b0a M\u0129 v\u00e0 T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. M\u0129 c\u0169ng l\u1ea1i ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecf c\u00e1i th\u00f3i khinh mi\u1ec7t d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c nh\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ec3u, vung ti\u1ec1n ra l\u00e0m sa \u0111\u1ecda h\u1ecd, l\u1eadp nh\u1eefng \u1ed5 tr\u1ee5y l\u1ea1c, c\u1edd b\u1ea1c, ma l\u00fay, \u0111\u0129 \u0111i\u1ebfm nh\u01b0 Han Suyin \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00e1ch trong cu\u1ed1n Un \u00e9t\u00e9 sans oiseaux. Ngay \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ta c\u0169ng v\u1eady, https:\/\/thuviensach.vn","khi M\u0129 ch\u1ec9 g\u1edfi qua gi\u00fap m\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n th\u00ec d\u00e2n c\u00f2n c\u00f3 c\u1ea3m t\u00ecnh v\u1edbi h\u1ecd, t\u1edbi khi h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ed5 b\u1ed9 n\u1eeda tri\u1ec7u l\u00ednh l\u00ean l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 m\u00ecnh, l\u00e0m x\u00e1o tr\u1ed9n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i m\u00ecnh th\u00ec m\u00ecnh ch\u1ec9 mong h\u1ecd thua m\u00e0 c\u00fat \u0111i c\u00e0ng s\u1edbm c\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t. N\u1ebfu phe t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch v\u00e0 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec s\u1ebd thua c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n. C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n s\u1ebd l\u1ea5n d\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 t\u1eb1m \u0103n d\u00e2u nh\u1edd \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i m\u1ec1m d\u1ebbo c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, ki\u00ean nh\u1eabn nh\u1eafm ho\u00e0i m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch, kh\u00f4ng l\u00fac n\u00e0o qu\u00ean, h\u1ec5 t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n l\u1eeda r\u01a1m t\u1ecf v\u1ebb hung h\u0103ng th\u00ec h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ea5u d\u1ecbu, \u0111\u1ee3i l\u00fac t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n qu\u00ean \u0111i, lo h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1ea1c, ho\u1eb7c ch\u00e1n n\u1ea3n th\u00ec l\u1ea1i \u00e2m th\u1ea7m ti\u1ebfn t\u1edbi. S\u1eeda Sai H\u00f4m nay l\u00e0 ng\u00e0y Th\u01b0\u01a1ng binh Li\u1ec7t s\u0129 (27-7-81 ), t\u00f4i vi\u1ebft th\u00eam m\u01b0\u01a1i trang n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 thay ba trang 629-631 trong b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, m\u00e0 ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0 \\\"Nh\u00e2n n\u0103ng ho\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ea1o\\\". T\u00f4i nh\u1edb \u0111\u00e2u nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea3ng c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t nam th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp n\u0103m 1930. \u0110\u1ebfn nay \u0111\u00e3 n\u1eeda th\u1ebf k\u1ec9, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1ea5y tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf trong \u0111\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ea3ng c\u00f9ng nhau hi sinh \u0111\u1ec3 mong x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p cho qu\u1ed1c gia, d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c? X\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1c v\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3 gom l\u1ea1i, ch\u1ea5t l\u00ean, ch\u1eafc th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ng\u1ecdn n\u00fai cao l\u1edbn g\u1ea5p 10 ng\u1ecdn n\u00fai N\u00f9ng. Anh h\u1ed3n c\u00e1c v\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3 n\u1ebfu linh thi\u00eang, nh\u00ecn xu\u1ed1ng t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3nh d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c m\u00ecnh m\u00e0 t\u00f4i m\u1edbi ph\u00e1c h\u1ecda v\u00e0i n\u00e9t trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng XXXl s\u1ebd ph\u1eabn u\u1ea5t ra sao, c\u00f3 v\u1ec1 d\u1ef1 l\u1ec5 ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m nay n\u1eefa kh\u00f4ng. Anh h\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng H\u1ed3 n\u1eefa! T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 t\u00e2m huy\u1ebft t\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft, tu\u1ed5i t\u1eeb 50 tr\u1edf l\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 l\u1eddi than th\u1edf nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. Th\u1eadt bi th\u1ea3m! Ai ng\u1edd \u0111\u00e2u? Trong d\u00e2n gian mi\u1ec1n Nam n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e2u: Qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1 t\u00e1n C\u00e1n b\u1ed9 h\u00f3a t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n D\u00e2n ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u00e1n n\u1ea3n D\u1eaft d\u00edu nhau di t\u1ea3n. Kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft c\u00e2u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 ra t\u1edbi B\u1eafc ch\u01b0a? Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o mu\u1ed1n c\u1ed1 gi\u1eef l\u00f2ng tin th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n t\u1ef1 an \u1ee7i r\u1eb1ng: Nga v\u00e0 Trung hoa \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3i qua m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi nh\u01b0 v\u1eady; \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 b\u1ec7nh \u201ctu\u1ed5i th\u01a1\\\" c\u1ee7a ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 b\u1ec7nh s\u1ed1t, \u0111\u1ec9 t\u01b0\u1edbt, m\u1ecdc r\u0103ng c\u1ee7a em b\u00e9; r\u1ed3i \u0111\u00e2y s\u1ebd qua c\u01a1n \\\"ph\u00e1t d\u1ee5c\\\" (crise de croissance), ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 s\u1ebd t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p, m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd. Nh\u01b0ng t\u00f4i t\u1ef1 h\u1ecfi c\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng theo x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a nh\u01b0 Nam t\u01b0, \u0110\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ee9c..., h\u1ecd c\u00f3 m\u1eafc th\u1ee9 b\u1ec7nh \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng? Hay l\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u00f2ng, c\u00f3 thu\u1ed1c ch\u1eefa? C\u00f2n d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Ph\u00e1p, sau n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 theo x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a, c\u00f3 s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3i qua m\u1ed9t c\u01a1n ph\u00e1t d\u1ee5c nh\u01b0 v\u1eady kh\u00f4ng? https:\/\/thuviensach.vn","M\u1edbi ba b\u1ed1n n\u0103m nay, b\u1ec7nh h\u00f3a tr\u1ea7m tr\u1ec7, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb l\u00e2u r\u1ed3i, theo l\u1eddi nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ea1n tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i \u1edf B\u1eafc th\u00ec t\u1eeb m\u1ea5y n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi H\u1ed3 ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch m\u1ea5t; v\u00e0 nh\u01b0 t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 n\u1edbi, m\u1ed9t t\u1edd ni\u00ean b\u00e1o kinh t\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Anh \u1edf H\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ea3ng cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 1974 \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y ba ch\u1ee9ng n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a B\u1eafc vi\u1ec7t: qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1edf, thi\u1ebfu k\u0129 thu\u1eadt gia, nhi\u1ec1u tham nh\u0169ng, v\u00ec v\u1eady m\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf B\u1eafc kh\u00f4ng ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. T\u00f4i cho r\u1eb1ng truy nguy\u00ean l\u00ean th\u00ec l\u1ed7i l\u1ea7m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb 1950, hay tr\u1ec5 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 t\u1eeb 1954: ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00ecnh m\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n ti\u1ebfn mau qu\u00e1. D\u1ee5c t\u1ed1c th\u00ec b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea1t. 1) Trong ph\u1ea7n 1 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng VII v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n II ch\u01b0\u01a1ng XIV t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i: t\u1edbi 1945, n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00ecnh v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p r\u1ea5t ngh\u00e8o, k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 ch\u01b0a ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, th\u1ee3 thuy\u1ec1n r\u1ea5t \u00edt m\u00e0 gi\u1edbi s\u0129 phu xu\u1ea5t th\u00e2n t\u1eeb b\u00ecnh d\u00e2n, \u0111a s\u1ed1 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, s\u1ed1ng gi\u1ea3n d\u1ecb nh\u01b0 b\u00ecnh d\u00e2n, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e2n ch\u00fang k\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng, n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 giai c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea5u tranh (hi\u1ec3u theo Karl Marx); th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 h\u1ea1ng b\u00f3c l\u1ed9t th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 b\u1ecdn t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 r\u1ea5t \u00edt \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec1n ch\u1ee7 \u1edf trong Nam th\u00f4i. Trong cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn 1945- 1954, g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 to\u00e0n d\u00e2n theo ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 c\u1ea3m t\u00ecnh v\u1edbi \u00f4ng H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh v\u00ec \u00f4ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng l\u00e3o th\u00e0nh, ki\u00ean c\u01b0\u1eddng, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u kinh nghi\u1ec7m, ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u cho l\u00f2ng \u00e1i qu\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c; ch\u00fang ta theo \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111u\u1ed5i Ph\u00e1p ra kh\u1ecfi n\u01b0\u1edbc, di\u1ec7t b\u1ecdn t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n ngo\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tay sai c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec3 di\u1ec7t nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o c\u00f3 d\u0103m ba m\u1eabu ru\u1ed9ng, m\u1ed9t x\u01b0\u1edfng d\u00f9ng v\u00e0i ba ch\u1ee5c th\u1ee3 ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng d\u00f9ng d\u0103m b\u1ea3y ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng. R\u1ea5t \u00edt ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 l\u00f2ng c\u0103m th\u00f9 giai c\u1ea5p, mu\u1ed1n t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n. Ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a ta kh\u00e1c xa Nga v\u00e0 Trung hoa: Nga c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng l\u00e3nh ch\u00faa l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 c\u1ea3 m\u1ea5y ng\u00e0n h\u00e9c-ta, c\u1ea3 ch\u1ee5c ng\u00e0n n\u00f4ng n\u00f4; Trung hoa c\u0169ng c\u00f3 l\u00e3nh ch\u00faa, c\u00f3 b\u1ecdn qu\u00e2n phi\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u00f4ng vua trong m\u1ed9t hai t\u1ec9nh m\u00e0 m\u1ed7i t\u1ec9nh r\u1ed9ng b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea3 mi\u1ec1n Nam n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00ecnh. M\u1ea5y n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7u kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn, nh\u1edd tinh th\u1ea7n \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a ta m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1nh, \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea7u n\u1ed5i v\u1edbi qu\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p m\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u kh\u00ed gi\u1edbi r\u1ea5t \u00edt, x\u1ea5u. R\u1ed3i t\u1eeb 1950, Mao th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t Trung qu\u1ed1c r\u1ed3i, gi\u00fap m\u00ecnh kh\u00ed gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 c\u00e1n b\u1ed9, nh\u01b0ng bu\u1ed9c \u00f4ng H\u1ed3 ph\u1ea3i l\u1eadp l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea3ng c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb gi\u1ea3i t\u00e1n t\u1eeb 1946 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, thu h\u00fat h\u1ebft c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea3ng ph\u00e1i. V\u00e0 \u00f4ng H\u1ed3 d\u00e3 theo \u00fd Mao, l\u1eadp l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea3ng c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n, \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00ean l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3ng Lao \u0111\u1ed9ng (c\u00f3 l\u1ebd \u00f4ng bi\u1ebft d\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng \u01b0a danh t\u1eeb c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n). V\u1eady l\u00e0 \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebfn c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c th\u00e0nh c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng v\u00f4 s\u1ea3n, \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a https:\/\/thuviensach.vn","Mao. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 c\u00f3 khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c gia, x\u1ea3y ra nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ec7n x\u00edch m\u00edch v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn b\u1ecf v\u1ec1 th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc. N\u0103m 1954, th\u1eafng Ph\u00e1p r\u1ed3i, Vi\u1ec7t nam l\u1ea1i theo Mao Tr\u1ea1ch \u0110\u00f4ng, t\u1ed1 kh\u1ed3 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1n ch\u1ee7 m\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u h\u1ecd ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 v\u00e0i m\u1eabu ru\u1ed9ng, m\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn, ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 con theo kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn, l\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng. Th\u1ebf l\u00e0 tr\u00ean 800.000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecf qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00e0 di c\u01b0 v\u00f4 Nam. H\u1ed1 chia r\u1ebd s\u00e2u th\u00eam. Trong chi\u1ebfn tranh Vi\u1ec7t M\u0129, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gia \u0111\u00ecnh n\u00e0o trong Nam kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u00edt nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00fap M\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 c\u1ea3m t\u00ecnh v\u1edbi M\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 t\u00f4i c\u00f3 n\u00f3i r\u00f5 \u1edf ch\u01b0\u01a1ng XXXl; V\u1eady m\u00e0 th\u1eafng M\u0129 r\u1ed3i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o \u1edf t\u1eeb s\u00f4ng B\u1ebfn h\u1ea3i tr\u1edf v\u00e0o m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn c\u0169ng b\u1ecb coi l\u00e0 ng\u1ee5y h\u1ebft, b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed c\u00f3 khi c\u00f2n t\u1ec7 h\u01a1n th\u1eddi th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p nhi\u1ec1u. V\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t n\u0103m sau, nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi h\u1ee9a h\u1eb9n c\u1ee7a M\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn (t\u1ef1 do d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7, trung l\u1eadp, kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ea3 th\u00f9...) b\u1ecb nu\u1ed1t h\u1ebft; mi\u1ec1n Nam th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi B\u1eafc d\u01b0\u1edbi ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a, M\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn b\u1ecb gi\u1ea3i t\u00e1n. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nam n\u00e0o c\u0169ng th\u1ea5t v\u1ecdng, b\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n g\u00ec l\u00e0 \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft n\u1eefa. Gi\u1eefa ng\u01b0\u1eddi B\u1eafc v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nam, gi\u1eefa ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nam v\u1edbi nhau n\u1eefa, kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn v\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn, c\u00f3 c\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed gi\u1eefa th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n v\u00e0 d\u00e2n b\u1ecb tr\u1ecb. Ch\u00ednh \u00f4ng \u0110\u00e0o Duy Anh \u1edf B\u1eafc v\u00e0o c\u0169ng th\u1ea5y v\u1eady n\u00ean trong m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c h\u1ed9i h\u1ecdp v\u1ec1 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t qu\u1ed1c gia, \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ea3o c\u1ea7n nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t nh\u00e2n t\u00e2m \u0111\u00e3 2) C\u0169ng v\u00ec mu\u1ed1n c\u1ea5p t\u1ed1c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a, s\u1ee3 b\u1ecf l\u1ee1 \\\"c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i ng\u00e0n n\u0103m m\u1ed9t thu\u1edf\\\" (l\u1eddi m\u1ed9t c\u00e1n b\u1ed9), ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta h\u1ea5p t\u1ea5p d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf m\u1edbi, nh\u1ed3i ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u \u00f3c d\u00e2n, ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb h\u01a1n kinh t\u1ebf, t\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1eb1ng n\u1ebfu d\u00e2n thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ea5y kh\u1ea9u hi\u1ec7u: t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n b\u00f3c l\u1ed9t, giai c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea5u tranh, \u0111\u1ea3ng l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o, v\u00f4 s\u1ea3n l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7, l\u1eadp h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c x\u00e3 n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 t\u1eadp th\u1ec3, lao \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0 vinh quang, c\u00f9ng nhau thi \u0111ua..., l\u00e0 Vi\u1ec7t nam th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a, ti\u1ebfn k\u1ecbp Nga s\u00f4, h\u01a1n Trung hoa v\u00e0 \u0110\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ee9c r\u1ed3i. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec1u r\u1eb1ng n\u1ebfu kinh t\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, d\u00e2n ngh\u00e8o \u0111\u00f3i th\u00ec v\u00f4 s\u1edf b\u1ea5t vi, h\u00f3a ra \u0103n c\u1eafp, \u0103n tr\u1ed9m, \u0103n c\u01b0\u1edbp, tham nh\u0169ng, bu\u00f4n l\u1eadu... kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch n\u1eefa, m\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i s\u1ebd th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3i tr\u1ee5y, ch\u1ee9 \u0111\u00e2u ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta theo s\u00e1t Mao Tr\u1ea1ch \u0110\u00f4ng, tr\u1ecdng h\u1ed3ng h\u01a1n chuy\u00ean. Nh\u01b0ng chuy\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u00e0 c\u00e1i h\u1ed3ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 b\u1ec1 ngo\u00e0i th\u00f4i, c\u00f2n b\u1ec1 trong th\u00ec tr\u1eafng, m\u1ed9t m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng lem lu\u1ed1c. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i nhi\u1ec1u r\u1ed3i, kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i. Bi\u1ebft m\u1ea5y ng\u00e0n gi\u1edd h\u1ecdc ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb ch\u1ec9 nh\u01b0 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed5 l\u00e1 https:\/\/thuviensach.vn","khoai, t\u1edbi n\u1ed7i c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 \u0111i h\u1ecdc c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i ng\u00e1n, b\u1ef1c m\u00ecnh th\u1ed1t l\u00ean: \\\"C\u00e0ng h\u1ecdc c\u00e0ng d\u1ed1t, v\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ea1y d\u1ed1t qu\u00e1\\\". D\u1ed1t m\u00e0 d\u1ea1y d\u00e2n, l\u1ea1i tr\u1ecb d\u00e2n n\u1eefa, ch\u1ea3 tr\u00e1ch trong m\u1ed9t bu\u1ed5i h\u1ecdp c\u1ee7a h\u1ed9i Tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1edf th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh, m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ef1c m\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3i th\u1ed1t l\u00ean c\u00e2u n\u00e0y: \\\"T\u00f4i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn v\u00f4 s\u1ea3n chuy\u00ean ch\u00ednh nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn v\u00f4 h\u1ecdc chuy\u00ean ch\u00ednh\\\". V\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ecb b\u1eaft giam ngay \u00edt gi\u1edd sau bu\u1ed5i h\u1ecdp. Mu\u1ed1n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf th\u00ec m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc ngh\u00e8o, l\u1ea1c h\u1eadu nh\u01b0 n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00ecnh c\u1ea7n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0, nhi\u1ec1u k\u0129 thu\u1eadt gia gi\u1ecfi. K\u0129 thu\u1eadt gia gi\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u1edf ngo\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c kh\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u, nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn (d\u0129 nhi\u00ean), kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \\\"h\u1ecdc ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb\\\" (c\u0169ng d\u0129 nhi\u00ean n\u1eefa) n\u00ean h\u1ecd \\\"kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 h\u1ed3ng' \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, tr\u1eeb m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 r\u1ea5t \u00edt. C\u00f2n v\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ebf \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 th\u00ec sau m\u1ea5y ch\u1ee5c n\u0103m chi\u1ebfn tranh, m\u00ecnh l\u00e0m g\u00ec c\u00f3? Tr\u00f4ng \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c: c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n ng\u00e1n m\u00ecnh qu\u00e1 t\u1eeb khi m\u00ecnh tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a c\u00f3 l\u1ebd t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc n\u1eefa, t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1956 kia: c\u00e1c x\u00ed nghi\u1ec7p Ph\u00e1p \u1edb B\u1eafc \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i r\u00fat v\u1ed1n v\u1ec1 l\u00e0m \u0103n n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c r\u1ed3i; c\u00f2n c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc anh em th\u00ec tuy qu\u00ed m\u00ecnh l\u1eafm, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i \u00edt v\u1ed1n, c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng lo ki\u1ebfn thi\u1ebft cho h\u1ecd. \u0110\u00e0nh ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 b\u1eb1ng s\u1ee9c lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n, b\u1eaft d\u00e2n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c nhi\u1ec1u m\u00e0 \u0103n \u00edt; \u0103n \u00edt th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 s\u1ee9c, l\u00e0m t\u00e0 t\u00e0, l\u00e1y l\u1ec7, s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y m\u1ed9t k\u00e9m c\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1eabn ph\u1ea9m, r\u1ed1t cu\u1ed9c kinh t\u1ebf c\u00e0ng suy h\u01a1n v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e0n n\u00e0n r\u1eb1ng ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 b\u00f3c l\u1ed9t d\u00e2n qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c. thi\u1ebfu c\u00e1i t\u00ecnh ng\u01b0\u1eddi. 3) Sai l\u1ea7m th\u1ee9 ba, t\u00f4i c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i r\u1ed3i, l\u00e0 sau khi \u0111u\u1ed5i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c M\u0129 \u0111i, m\u00ecnh ch\u01b0a k\u1ecbp l\u1ea5y l\u1ea1i s\u1ee9c, \u0111\u00e3 nu\u00f4i c\u00e1i m\u1ed9ng l\u00e0m b\u00e1 ch\u1ee7 b\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea3o \u0110\u00f4ng d\u01b0\u01a1ng, th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ed1c \u1edf \u0110\u00f4ng nam \u00c1, kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ee9c m\u00ecnh, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, khi\u1ebfn Trung hoa, Mi\u00ean, Th\u00e1i, M\u0129, Nh\u1eadt \u0111\u00e2m gh\u00e9t m\u00ecnh m\u00e0 m\u1ea5y n\u0103m nay m\u00ecnh b\u1ecb sa l\u1ea7y \u1edf Mi\u00ean, b\u1ecb qu\u1ea5y r\u1ed1i \u1edf B\u1eafc Vi\u1ec7t, ph\u1ea3i nh\u1edd c\u1eady v\u00e0o uy th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a Nga, do \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ea1i b\u1ecb sa l\u1ea7y h\u01a1n n\u1eefa, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft bao gi\u1edd m\u1edbi g\u1ee1 kh\u1ecfi n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00ed \u0111\u00f3. Mu\u1ed1n s\u1eeda sai, ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i - g\u00e2y l\u1ea1i l\u00f2ng tin c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n, t\u00ecnh \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nam, kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng hay ng\u1ee5y n\u1eefa, kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t giai c\u1ea5p (\u1edf m\u1ed9t ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ean t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i c\u00f3 t\u1edbi 12 giai c\u1ea5p), r\u00fat b\u1edbt quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean \u0111i, \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i s\u1ed1ng kh\u1ed5 nh\u01b0 d\u00e2n, l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m g\u01b0\u01a1ng cho d\u00e2n; di\u1ec7t t\u1ec7 quan li\u00eau, b\u00e8 ph\u00e1i, tham nh\u0169ng... cho d\u00e2n t\u1ef1 do ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u \u00fd ki\u1ebfn v\u1ec1 m\u1ecdi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 trong c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c h\u1ed9i h\u1ecdp, tr\u00ean b\u00e1o, tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e0i ph\u00e1t thanh... https:\/\/thuviensach.vn","- tr\u1ecdng k\u0129 thu\u1eadt h\u01a1n ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, chuy\u00ean h\u01a1n h\u1ed3ng, chuy\u00ean d\u1ec5 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, c\u00f2n h\u1ed3ng nhi\u1ec1u khi ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 b\u1ec1 ngo\u00e0i, chuy\u00ean m\u1edbi \u0111\u1eafc l\u1ef1c trong vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ebfn thi\u1ebft; b\u1ecf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u01a1 quan, r\u00fat th\u1eadt nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean trong c\u00e1c s\u1edf \u0111i m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi t\u1ea1o c\u00f4ng \u0103n vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi; cho d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee7 s\u1ed1ng, \u0111\u1eebng b\u00f3c l\u1ed9t d\u00e2n qu\u00e1; b\u1ecf c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111i ho\u1eb7c r\u00fat l\u1ea1i c\u00f2n hai ba th\u00f4i; cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o v\u1ec1...; - r\u00fat ra kh\u1ecfi c\u1ea3nh sa l\u1ea7y \u1edf Mi\u00ean, l\u1ea5y l\u1ea1i t\u00ecnh h\u00f2a h\u1ea3o v\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1edf \u0110\u00f4ng \u00c1; T\u1eeb cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 1980, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u00e3 ngh\u0129 t\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c s\u1eeda sai \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u00e3: - th\u1ef1c t\u00e2m mu\u1ed1n di\u1ec7t tham nh\u0169ng, c\u00e1ch ch\u1ee9c, b\u1ecf t\u00f9 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1, k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 ch\u01b0a th\u1ea5y g\u00ec: b\u1ecdn \u0111\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u qu\u00e1, n\u1ebfu di\u1ec7t cho h\u1ebft th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c m\u00e0 s\u1ebd g\u00e2y nhi\u1ec1u cu\u1ed9c ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u00ec ch\u00fang c\u00f3 g\u1ed1c r\u1ec5 l\u1edbn; v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00ednh s\u1ebd cho c\u00e1c c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 h\u1ed3ng nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng chuy\u00ean v\u1ec1 v\u01b0\u1eddn h\u1ebft; - ngh\u0129 t\u1edbi l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, cho n\u00f3 c\u0169ng quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u01b0 l\u1ee3i \u00edch \u0111o\u00e0n th\u1ec3, l\u1ee3i \u00edch qu\u1ed1c gia; d\u00f9ng ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch kho\u00e1n s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ea3 trong n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p l\u1eabn c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, c\u1ee9 theo b\u00e1o ch\u00ed th\u00ec nhi\u1ec1u n\u01a1i c\u00f3 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3, nh\u01b0ng \u1edf Trung c\u0169ng c\u00f3 n\u01a1i d\u00e2n ph\u00e0n n\u00e1n r\u1eb1ng kho\u00e1n n\u1eb7ng qu\u00e1; h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i g\u00ec h\u01a1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 ch\u00fat l\u1ee3i th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng b\u00f5 c\u00f4ng, n\u00ean h\u1ecd b\u1ecf v\u00f4 Nam ki\u1ebfm c\u00e1ch sinh nhai; t\u0103ng g\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f4i l\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 vi\u00ean ch\u1ee9c nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi t\u0103ng gi\u00e1 m\u1ecdi m\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng, c\u00f3 th\u1ee9 g\u1ea5p b\u1ed1n g\u1ea5p m\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 \u1edf ch\u1ee3 tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ef1 do, v\u1eadt gi\u00e1 t\u0103ng theo, th\u00e0nh th\u1eed \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n ch\u00fat n\u00e0o, r\u1ed1t cu\u1ed9c l\u00e0 cho tay n\u00e0y ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 l\u1ea5y l\u1ea1i b\u1eb1ng tay kia, c\u00f3 v\u1eady m\u1edbi gi\u1eef \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ea1c kh\u1ecfi b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 gi\u00e1 kinh kh\u1ee7ng nh\u01b0 Trung hoa th\u1eddi 1945-1949. Ph\u1ea3i tr\u1eeb t\u1eadn g\u1ed1c, v\u00e1 v\u00edu kh\u00f4ng \u00edch l\u1ee3i g\u00ec. - mu\u1ed1n c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi Trung hoa v\u00e0 kh\u1ed1i Asean t\u00ecm m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p cho Cao mi\u00ean nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh b\u1ecb h\u1ecd b\u00e1c b\u1ecf m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd m\u00ecnh c\u0169ng b\u00e1c b\u1ecf \u1edf Li\u00ean hi\u1ec7p qu\u1ed1c, v\u1eady l\u00e0 hai b\u00ean ch\u01b0a nh\u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0o l\u1ea1i g\u1ea7n nhau. \u0110i\u1ec3m cu\u1ed1i n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u00ec ta kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c ba n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1edbn: Trung hoa, Nga, M\u0129 m\u00e0 Trung hoa v\u00e0 M\u0129, c\u1ea3 kh\u1ed1i Asian n\u1eefa c\u01b0\u01a1ng quy\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu cho Nga \u0111\u1eb7t ch\u00e2n l\u00ean mi\u1ec1n \u0110\u00f4ng Nam \u00c1. T\u00f4i ng\u1ea1i r\u1eb1ng \u0110\u00f4ng Nam \u00c1 s\u1ebd th\u00e0nh nh\u01b0 T\u00e2y \u00c1, l\u1ed9n x\u1ed9n tr\u00ean 35 n\u0103m r\u1ed3i m\u00e0 ch\u01b0a bi\u1ebft bao gi\u1edd m\u1edbi y\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. https:\/\/thuviensach.vn","T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 c\u00f3 v\u1ebb r\u1ee5t r\u00e8 qu\u00e1. Trong n\u1ed9i c\u00e1c m\u1edbi th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp th\u00e1ng 7-1981, c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t v\u1eabn \u1edf trong tay nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u0169, ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u1ed7 c\u1ee7a Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Chinh v\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n H\u1eefu Th\u1ecd l\u1eabn cho nhau m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Chinh l\u00ean l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc, Nguy\u1ec5n H\u1eefu Th\u1ecd l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i, m\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u1edbi s\u1eeda l\u01b0ng ch\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t, hai. Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 n\u00e0o c\u0169ng v\u1eady, d\u00f9 l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng \u0111i n\u1eefa, khi \u0111\u00e3 n\u1eafm ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0i ba ch\u1ee5c n\u0103m th\u00ec c\u0169ng h\u00f3a b\u1ea3o th\u1ee7. V\u00ec c\u00f3 mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch l\u1edbn lao th\u00ec r\u1ea5t ng\u1ea1i g\u1eb7p nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ef1 ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb s\u1ee3 m\u1ea5t quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i s\u1ebd b\u1ecb x\u00e1o \u0111\u1ed9ng trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian l\u00e2u nh\u01b0 Trung hoa hi\u1ec7n nay. S\u1ef1 sai l\u1ea7m \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e2m r\u1ec5 s\u00e2u qu\u00e1 th\u00ec d\u1ec5 g\u00ec b\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c? Cho n\u00ean ph\u1ea3i s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t s\u1eeda ngay t\u1eeb khi n\u00f3 m\u1edbi ph\u00e1t. Nh\u01b0 kinh D\u1ecbch n\u00f3i: \\\"L\u00ed s\u01b0\u01a1ng, ki\u00ean b\u0103ng ch\u00ed\\\": \u0111\u1ea1p l\u00ean s\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00ec bi\u1ebft l\u00e0 b\u0103ng d\u00e0y s\u1eafp \u0111\u1ebfn, ph\u1ea3i s\u1edbm bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u00f2ng k\u1ecbp l\u00fac. M\u1ed9t L\u1ed1i Ph\u00e1t Tri\u1ec3n Ri\u00eang M\u1ed9t L\u1ed1i S\u1ed1ng Ri\u00eang N\u1ebfu may m\u1eafn ta gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i th\u00ec ta ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1eb7t l\u1ea1i v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau n\u00e0y: \u2022 th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, t\u1ef1 do \u2022 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n m\u1ea1nh, gi\u00e0u, ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac cho d\u00e2n. T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u00f3 t\u1eeb l\u00e2u, \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u v\u00e0i \u00fd ki\u1ebfn r\u1ea3i r\u00e1c trong cu\u1ed1n M\u1ed9t ni\u1ec1m tin (1965), r\u1ed3i trong b\u00e0i t\u1ef1a cu\u1ed1n B\u00e0i h\u1ecdc Israel (1968), tr\u00ean t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed B\u00e1ch khoa (s\u1ed1 424 ng\u00e0y 1 -3-75). D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y t\u00f4i gom nh\u1eefng \u00fd \u0111\u00f3 1\u1ea1i, b\u1ed5 t\u00fac, s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i \u00edt \u0111i\u1ec3m cho c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. - Khi \u0111\u00e3 r\u00fat ra kh\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ea7m l\u1ea7y Cao mi\u00ean, ch\u00fang ta n\u00ean tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 v\u1edbi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang ta theo ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch trung l\u1eadp ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n tr\u1ecdng h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh, kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y chi\u1ebfn, kh\u00f4ng tham chi\u1ebfn, gi\u1ea3m binh s\u1ed1, v\u0169 kh\u00ed t\u1edbi m\u1ee9c t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ea3nh s\u00e1t trong n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00f4i. D\u0129 nhi\u00ean ta s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t li\u00ean minh qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 n\u00e0o h\u1ebft, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1edbn cho ta \u0111\u1ee9ng ngo\u00e0i c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c tranh ch\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1eb7t ra ngo\u00e0i c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, kh\u00f4ng mua kh\u00ed gi\u1edbi, nh\u1eadn kh\u00ed gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0o c\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng d\u1ef1 c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng phi li\u00ean k\u1ebft n\u1eefa v\u00ec t\u00f4i ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e0ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc d\u1ef1 l\u1ea1i c\u00e0ng d\u1ec5 bi\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t \u0111i, kh\u00f4ng nhi\u1ec1u th\u00ec \u00edt b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a kh\u1ed1i n\u00e0y hay kh\u1ed1i kh\u00e1c, ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 c\u1ea3m t\u00ecnh v\u1edbi kh\u1ed1i n\u00e0y, kh\u1ed1i kh\u00e1c m\u00e0 h\u1ec5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3m t\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a kh\u1ed1i n\u00e0y th\u00ec m\u1ea5t c\u1ea3m t\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a kh\u1ed1i kh\u00e1c, g\u00e2y th\u00eam s\u1ef1 xung \u0111\u1ed9t n\u1eefa. V\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i https:\/\/thuviensach.vn"]