["m\u1ed9t t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai kh\u00f4ng xa r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng x\u1ea3y ra\u201d. \u00d4ng ra ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb cho B\u1ed9 H\u1ea3i qu\u00e2n xem x\u00e9t l\u1ea1i ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch, c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o r\u1eb1ng M\u1ef9 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 l\u1edbn h\u01a1n li\u00ean minh Ph\u00e1p - Nga. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 h\u1ea3i qu\u00e2n M\u1ef9 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n y\u1ebfu th\u1ebf n\u1ebfu so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi H\u1ea3i qu\u00e2n Ho\u00e0ng gia, l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y v\u1eabn \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t sau Chi\u1ebfn tranh T\u00e2y Ban Nha - M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 sau khi Theodore Roosevelt tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng. B\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng B\u1ed9 H\u1ea3i qu\u00e2n, B\u00e1 t\u01b0\u1edbc Selborne, \u0111\u00e3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng: \u201cN\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn tr\u1ea3 gi\u00e1 cho nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ea3i qu\u00e2n ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ngang ng\u1eeda v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u1edbn h\u01a1n l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ea3i qu\u00e2n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta.\u201d Ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u k\u1ebb th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c \u0111ang tr\u1ed7i d\u1eady v\u00e0 b\u1ecb sa l\u1ea7y trong cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh \u0111\u1ea7y r\u1eafc r\u1ed1i \u1edf Nam Phi, Anh kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi m\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tr\u1ef1c di\u1ec7n. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 M\u1ef9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecbch th\u1ee7 \u0111ang l\u00ean m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd nh\u1ea5t, \u0110\u1ee9c v\u00e0 Nga l\u1ea1i t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda g\u1ea7n v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc Anh nh\u1ea5t. Th\u00eam v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 ch\u00e2u \u00c2u - n\u01a1i m\u00e0 Anh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1o th\u1ebf c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng gi\u1eefa m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c c\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ed1c \u0111ang c\u1ea1nh tranh l\u1eabn nhau - khu v\u1ef1c T\u00e2y B\u00e1n c\u1ea7u l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 m\u00e0 Anh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ed3ng minh. L\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 Canada thu\u1ed9c Anh th\u00ec l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng th\u1ee7. Nh\u1eefng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf ph\u0169 ph\u00e0ng nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh n\u00ean t\u01b0 duy th\u00edch \u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o Anh v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau n\u00e9 tr\u00e1nh m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c xung \u0111\u1ed9t qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 v\u1edbi M\u1ef9 b\u1eb1ng b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 gi\u00e1 n\u00e0o. B\u1ed9 H\u1ea3i qu\u00e2n trong kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian n\u00e0y l\u00e0 c\u01a1 quan \u0111\u1ea7u n\u00e3o trong vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch an ninh qu\u1ed1c gia c\u1ee7a Anh. N\u0103m 1904, s\u0129 quan h\u1ea3i qu\u00e2n cao c\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Anh, \u0110\u00f4 \u0111\u1ed1c Jacky Fisher, th\u1eb3ng th\u1eebng n\u00f3i v\u1edbi c\u1ea5p tr\u00ean c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng r\u1eb1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc Anh n\u00ean \u201cs\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, b\u1edfi v\u00ec \u00f4ng c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o, \u201cch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i \u00e1p \u0111\u1ea3o v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1ng x\u1ea5u h\u1ed5 d\u01b0\u1edbi tay ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9\u201d. \u0110i xa h\u01a1n, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1t ng\u00f4n \u0111\u1ea7y x\u1ea5u h\u1ed5 kh\u00e1c: \u201cM\u1eb7c k\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a Canada, b\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ea5t h\u00f2a hay gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y c\u00f3 l\u00e0 g\u00ec \u0111i ch\u0103ng n\u1eefa.\u201d* Nh\u01b0 Selborne t\u00f3m t\u1eaft: \u201cT\u00f4i s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd g\u00e2y b\u1ea5t h\u00f2a v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 n\u1ebfu tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.\u201d* D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e1nh https:\/\/thuviensach.vn","gi\u00e1 \u0111\u00f3, Anh mi\u1ec5n tr\u1eeb Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n Song C\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi M\u1ef9, trong \u0111\u00f3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u Anh ph\u1ea3i duy tr\u00ec s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng chi\u1ebfn h\u1ea1m t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi hai \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t c\u1ed9ng l\u1ea1i*. Th\u00eam v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, v\u00ec bi\u1ebft Anh kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tranh gi\u00e0nh quy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 \u1edf T\u00e2y B\u00e1n c\u1ea7u n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u1eaft b\u1edbt l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ea3i qu\u00e2n \u0111ang b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c tr\u1ecdng y\u1ebfu h\u01a1n (bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 qu\u00ea nh\u00e0), B\u1ed9 H\u1ea3i qu\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e2m t\u1edbi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u li\u00ean t\u1ee5c t\u1eeb l\u1ee5c qu\u00e2n nh\u1eb1m thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00e1c k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ph\u00f2ng th\u1ee7 Canada m\u1ed9t khi chi\u1ebfn tranh v\u1edbi M\u1ef9 b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5. Thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, c\u01a1 quan n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t gi\u1eef m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 Anh - M\u1ef9 \u1edf m\u1ee9c t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p. S\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc Anh tr\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng m\u1ea5y tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i n\u00e0y l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t nh\u1eefng nh\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e1c tranh ch\u1ea5p \u1edf T\u00e2y B\u00e1n c\u1ea7u. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nh\u01b0 s\u1eed gia Anne Orde \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn: \u201cCho t\u1edbi cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 1903\u2026 Anh \u0111\u00e3 ng\u1ea7m c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn \u01b0u th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 \u1edf T\u00e2y B\u00e1n c\u1ea7u t\u1eeb Venezuela cho t\u1edbi Alaska.\u201d M\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t, s\u1ef1 s\u1eb5n l\u00f2ng c\u1ee7a Anh trong vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ea5p thu\u1eadn c\u00e1c \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh ni\u1ec1m tin r\u1eb1ng c\u1ea3 hai qu\u1ed1c gia chia s\u1ebb kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng c\u00e1c di s\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c v\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u0103n h\u00f3a ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh m\u1eabu qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc chung. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng, \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c l\u1ea1nh l\u00f9ng*. Ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng m\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda \u0111\u00e1ng ng\u1ea1i ngay s\u00e1t b\u00ean, quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u1ee7a Anh b\u1ecb h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf. N\u1ebfu Nga v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng m\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda \u0111\u00e1ng g\u1eddm nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf khi \u0111\u00f3, li\u1ec7u Anh c\u00f3 c\u1ee9ng r\u1eafn h\u01a1n hay kh\u00f4ng? \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng, th\u1ee9 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 l\u00e0 v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1n c\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e3 ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch t\u1edbi m\u1ee9c c\u00e1c quan ch\u1ee9c Anh kh\u00f4ng xem chi\u1ebfn tranh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec1m ch\u1ebf s\u1ef1 tr\u1ed7i d\u1eady c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9. Nh\u01b0 Th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng Salisbury \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u0103m chi\u00eau ngh\u0129 ng\u1ee3i v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1902: \u201cTh\u1eadt bu\u1ed3n, nh\u01b0ng t\u00f4i s\u1ee3 r\u1eb1ng M\u1ef9 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 g\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00e1i l\u1eadp s\u1ef1 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng gi\u1eefa hai \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc. N\u1ebfu can thi\u1ec7p v\u00e0o cu\u1ed9c n\u1ed9i chi\u1ebfn th\u00ec sau \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 l\u1ebd ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m \u0111i s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 xu\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Tuy nhi\u00ean, m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn hai c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady trong su\u1ed1t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.\u201d https:\/\/thuviensach.vn","Khi so s\u00e1nh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a Anh tr\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ef1 tr\u1ed7i d\u1eady c\u1ee7a hai c\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ed1c, \u0110\u1ee9c \u1edf ph\u00eda \u0110\u00f4ng v\u00e0 M\u1ef9 \u1edf ph\u00eda T\u00e2y, s\u1eed gia qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX l\u00e0 Ernest May nh\u1eadn ra \u2018l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn nh\u1eabn nh\u1ecbn c\u1ee7a Anh tr\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9\u201d l\u00e0 \u201cch\u00eca kh\u00f3a cho nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra\u201d, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi \u201cl\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c trong vi\u1ec7c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 v\u00e0 h\u1ea3i qu\u00e2n tr\u00ean h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 kh\u00e1c\u201d. Trong khi T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Roosevelt c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ecf ra hi\u1ebfu chi\u1ebfn trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c tranh ch\u1ea5p nh\u1ecf th\u00ec theo l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a May, \u00f4ng v\u1eabn \u201ctr\u00e1nh n\u00e9 c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn sai l\u1ea7m c\u1ee7a ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf \u0110\u1ee9c trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111e d\u1ecda t\u1edbi an ninh th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a Anh\u201d. Anh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c r\u1eb1ng h\u1ea3i qu\u00e2n M\u1ef9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i cho Anh \u1edf T\u00e2y B\u00e1n c\u1ea7u ho\u1eb7c \u0110\u00f4ng \u00c1. \u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 b\u1edfi \u0110\u1ea1i T\u00e2y D\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn ng\u0103n c\u00e1ch hai qu\u1ed1c gia, l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m \u0111i m\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda an ninh tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Anh. \u0110\u1ee9c l\u1ea1i r\u1ea5t g\u1ea7n Anh v\u00e0 h\u1ea3i qu\u00e2n \u0110\u1ee9c r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u00e0 \u0111ang t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch r\u0103n \u0111e ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i Anh. Nh\u01b0 May \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 ra, khi \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec5n c\u1ea3nh chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea7y th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c, n\u01b0\u1edbc Anh \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn \u201cl\u00e0m nh\u1eefng g\u00ec c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn nh\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1ecbn M\u1ef9 trong m\u1ecdi tranh ch\u1ea5p v\u1edbi l\u00f2ng khoan dung nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3\u201d. Cho t\u1edbi n\u0103m 1906, khi m\u1ed9t ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 T\u1ef1 do m\u1edbi l\u00ean n\u1eafm quy\u1ec1n, Ngo\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1edfng Anh Edward Grey \u0111\u00e3 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 r\u1eb1ng duy tr\u00ec m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p v\u1edbi M\u1ef9 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u201cch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i\u201d c\u1ee7a Anh. K\u1ef9 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o Anh trong vi\u1ec7c t\u00ecm ra c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c l\u00e0m th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n ngay c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi v\u00f4 l\u00fd c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng hy sinh c\u00e1c l\u1ee3i \u00edch qu\u1ed1c gia quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch ngo\u1ea1i giao \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi h\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1eb7t n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho th\u1ee9 m\u00e0 c\u00e1c s\u1eed gia g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cc\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c n\u1ed1i l\u1ea1i t\u00ecnh h\u1eefu ngh\u1ecb l\u1edbn\u201d (The Great Rapprochement), Anh \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap ch\u1eefa l\u00e0nh s\u1ef1 th\u00f9 \u0111\u1ecbch k\u00e9o d\u00e0i gi\u1eefa hai qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c khi chi\u1ebfn tranh x\u1ea3y ra n\u0103m 1914, n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o M\u1ef9 nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n cung c\u1ea5p nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh quan tr\u1ecdng cho cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn. Sau khi c\u00e1c t\u00e0u ng\u1ea7m \u0110\u1ee9c b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng t\u00e0u M\u1ef9, Washington \u0111\u00e3 tham chi\u1ebfn b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh Anh. N\u1ebfu Anh kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3n vay c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 t\u1eeb M\u1ef9, sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 v\u1edbi M\u1ef9, \u0110\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng trong Th\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn I. Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh t\u1ea1i Versailles, M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 Anh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh c\u00f9ng nhau. V\u00e0 sau cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn, khi M\u1ef9 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp hi\u1ec7p \u01b0\u1edbc H\u1ea3i qu\u00e2n Washington \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eb7t gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n v\u1ec1 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e0u chi\u1ebfn m\u00e0 m\u1ed7i qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1edf h\u1eefu, Anh \u0111\u00e3 https:\/\/thuviensach.vn","\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u01b0\u1edfng th\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb th\u1ebf t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi M\u1ef9, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 s\u1ed1 n\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a Anh sau chi\u1ebfn tranh khi\u1ebfn cho n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u1ea1nh tranh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi M\u1ef9 trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n h\u1ea3i qu\u00e2n. Ch\u1ec9 ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea7y m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 sau, khi c\u1ea3 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa b\u1ecb nu\u1ed1t ch\u1eedng b\u1edfi chi\u1ebfn tranh, c\u1ea3 hai qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f9ng nhau chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng minh th\u00e2n thi\u1ebft v\u00e0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi nhau sau Th\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn II nh\u1eb1m x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh, t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng h\u01a1n n\u1eefa th\u1ee9 m\u00e0 Washington v\u00e0 London v\u1eabn g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cm\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t\u201d. B\u00e0i h\u1ecdc 3: Nh\u1eefng ch\u00ednh kh\u00e1ch m\u01b0u m\u1eb9o bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m nh\u1eefng g\u00ec c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft - v\u00e0 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 h\u1ecd c\u1ea7n v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 h\u1ecd mong mu\u1ed1n. Nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt tr\u1ea7n tr\u1ee5i th\u01b0\u1eddng r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecf qua. Khi M\u1ef9 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua Anh trong h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft m\u1ecdi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n quan tr\u1ecdng, s\u1ef1 quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y mong mu\u1ed1n tr\u1edf n\u00ean r\u1ea5t r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. T\u1eeb c\u00e1c tranh ch\u1ea5p \u1edf Venezuela cho t\u1edbi nh\u1eefng x\u00edch m\u00edch v\u1edbi Canada li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn Alaska, Anh \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn hay t\u1ea1o ra r\u1ee7i ro chi\u1ebfn tranh. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng, Anh bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1i gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a chi\u1ebfn tranh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng gi\u00e0nh chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf. Qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng m\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda kh\u00e1c nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1edf g\u1ea7n s\u00e2n nh\u00e0. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, Anh \u0111\u00e3 s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn nh\u1eefng g\u00ec t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3, t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec1u ti\u1ebft c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng hy sinh nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i \u00edch quan tr\u1ecdng. V\u00e0 London \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 theo c\u00e1ch khi\u1ebfn cho t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u1edf M\u1ef9 ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eadn ra nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i \u00edch m\u00e0 c\u1ea3 M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 Anh c\u00f9ng chia s\u1ebb, trong khi t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u h\u00f3a nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn hai n\u01b0\u1edbc chia r\u1ebd - qua \u0111\u00f3 d\u1ecdn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cho qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c s\u00e2u r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n (c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i \u00edch l\u1edbn h\u01a1n cho London) trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. \u1ede th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebf ch\u1ebf to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a Anh c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc v\u1edbi nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y, Anh \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng - nh\u01b0ng sai l\u1ea7m - \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 r\u1eb1ng l\u1ee3i \u00edch an ninh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u1edf Ch\u00e2u M\u1ef9 l\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng. Nh\u01b0ng Anh \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m th\u1ebf. V\u1edbi t\u1ea7m v\u00f3c to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 b\u1ecb suy gi\u1ea3m, c\u00f9ng v\u1ecb th\u1ebf an ninh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o to\u00e0n, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n h\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ed9i Anh t\u1eeb T\u00e2y B\u00e1n c\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e3 https:\/\/thuviensach.vn","\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng minh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 t\u00e1i c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00fang l\u00fac tr\u01b0\u1edbc Th\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn I v\u00e0 gi\u00fap k\u00e9o d\u00e0i \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Anh trong c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf. B\u00e0i h\u1ecdc 4: L\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u00fang th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u00e0 t\u1ed1i quan tr\u1ecdng. C\u01a1 h\u1ed9i th\u01b0\u1eddng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 b\u00e1o tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng Salisbury \u0111\u00e3 b\u00e0y t\u1ecf nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u00e2u s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y. N\u1ebfu c\u00e1c l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o Anh k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1861, s\u1ef1 tr\u1ed7i d\u1eady c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t b\u00e1 ch\u1ee7 \u1edf l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba ch\u00e2u M\u1ef9 s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda kh\u00f4ng khoan nh\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a Anh, s\u1ef1 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn th\u00f4ng minh khi \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 l\u1ebd l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh can thi\u1ec7p d\u01b0\u1edbi danh ngh\u0129a h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng Li\u00ean minh Mi\u1ec1n nam trong N\u1ed9i chi\u1ebfn M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 \u2018l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m\u201d s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 xu\u1ed1ng m\u1ee9c \u201cc\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u201d. N\u1ebfu Anh l\u00e0m v\u1eady, ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX s\u1ebd xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n hai qu\u1ed1c gia y\u1ebfu, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a nhau hay th\u1eadm ch\u00ed ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh chi\u1ebfn tranh v\u1edbi nhau tr\u00ean c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9. D\u01b0\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t m\u1eb7t bi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb th\u1ebf an to\u00e0n \u1edf Canada, Anh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn hai n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9 \u00edt y\u00eau s\u00e1ch h\u01a1n trong c\u00e1c tranh ch\u1ea5p l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 \u1edf Venezuela, Alaska, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c. Tuy nhi\u00ean, trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i b\u1ecb b\u1ecf l\u1ee1 kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd quay tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i. M\u1ed7i c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi h\u00f3c b\u00faa r\u1eb1ng li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 n\u00ean ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng can thi\u1ec7p mang t\u00ednh ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba n\u1ebfu ph\u1ea3i l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn hay kh\u00f4ng, tuy nhi\u00ean c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu g\u1ea5p b\u1ed9i trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7. Khi c\u00e1i gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a can thi\u1ec7p l\u00e0 th\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 mang l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 cao nh\u1ea5t, s\u1ef1 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i can thi\u1ec7p tr\u1edf n\u00ean m\u00f9 m\u1edd v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn. \u1ede th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u1ea5p b\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng can thi\u1ec7p l\u00e0 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c b\u00ean, khi s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 ho\u1eb7c ph\u00ea chu\u1ea9n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft, c\u00e1i gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng can thi\u1ec7p hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng l\u00ean, \u0111\u00f4i khi t\u1edbi m\u1ee9c khi\u1ebfn cho s\u1ef1 can thi\u1ec7p kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7, trong \u0111\u00f3 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng can thi\u1ec7p ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea3ng ph\u00e1i kh\u00e1c nhau ch\u1ea5p thu\u1eadn tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh, c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi h\u00f3c b\u00faa n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn cho c\u00e1n c\u00e2n h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ec7ch h\u1eb3n sang tr\u00ec ho\u00e3n h\u01a1n l\u00e0 can thi\u1ec7p - https:\/\/thuviensach.vn","d\u00f9 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 \u0111ang tr\u1ed7i d\u1eady, hay \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e1c th\u1ea3m h\u1ecda nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea1o x\u1ea3y ra th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean. B\u00e0i h\u1ecdc 5: S\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1ec1 v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n xung \u0111\u1ed9t. B\u1edfi v\u00ec Anh v\u00e0 M\u1ef9 c\u00f9ng chia s\u1ebb m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef v\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng v\u0103n h\u00f3a ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Anh c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 an \u1ee7i v\u1edbi suy ngh\u0129 m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 Anh trong m\u1ecdi thang \u0111o \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 m\u1ed9t, c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia v\u1eabn c\u00f2n th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb. H\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecf ngo\u00e0i tai nh\u1eefng ai cho r\u1eb1ng Anh ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a gi\u1eefa xung \u0111\u1ed9t v\u1edbi M\u1ef9 hay ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn c\u00e1ch s\u1ed1ng c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 s\u1ee9 m\u1ec7nh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd b\u1ecb lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb1ng kh\u00e1c: nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n Anh h\u0103ng h\u00e1i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn quan \u0111i\u1ec3m cho r\u1eb1ng \u201cc\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c n\u00f3i ti\u1ebfng Anh\u201d s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Nh\u01b0 Th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a Anh Harold Macmillan \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i trong su\u1ed1t Th\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn II: \u201cNh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed9t \u0110\u1ebf ch\u1ebf La M\u00e3 m\u1edbi v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Anh ch\u00fang ta, t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Hy L\u1ea1p \u1edf th\u1eddi xa x\u01b0a, ph\u1ea3i d\u1ea1y cho h\u1ecd c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng.\u201d Li\u00ean X\u00f4 \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea7u M\u1ef9 Th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 1940 cho t\u1edbi th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 1980 Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m cho r\u1eb1ng Li\u00ean X\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng quy\u1ec1n l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 trong th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u1eadu Th\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn II l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t quan \u0111i\u1ec3m khi\u1ebfn cho h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 hi\u1ec7n nay kh\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u1eafm b\u1eaft. K\u1ec3 t\u1eeb khi Li\u00ean X\u00f4 s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 n\u0103m 1991, ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 \u0111\u00e3 xem Nga nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ed1c \u0111ang d\u1ea7n l\u1ee5i t\u00e0n: y\u1ebfu \u0111u\u1ed1i, b\u1ed1i r\u1ed1i v\u00e0 g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y h\u01a1n, d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1eddi Vladimir Putin, m\u00f9 qu\u00e1ng v\u00ec gi\u1eadn d\u1eef. Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n, m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eebng h\u0103ng h\u00e1i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn, nay \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb r\u01a1i v\u00e0o qu\u00ean l\u00e3ng. C\u00e1c n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb mang t\u00ednh ch\u1ec9 huy, ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t h\u1ebft l\u1ea7n n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng minh l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng. V\u00ec v\u1eady, c\u00e1c sinh vi\u00ean \u1edf Harvard \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ed1i r\u1ed1i khi t\u00f4i y\u00eau c\u1ea7u h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ecdc m\u1ed9t ch\u01b0\u01a1ng trong quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o khoa kinh t\u1ebf ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t gi\u1eefa th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX, Economics: An Introductory Analysis (Kinh t\u1ebf h\u1ecdc: Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch nh\u1eadp m\u00f4n) c\u1ee7a Paul Samuelson, xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n n\u0103m 1964. Cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n r\u1eb1ng GNP c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean X\u00f4 s\u1ebd v\u01b0\u1ee3t M\u1ef9 v\u00e0o gi\u1eefa th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 1980. https:\/\/thuviensach.vn","Th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c th\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn: Th\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn I v\u00e0 Th\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn II, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi b\u00f3ng ma c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ee9 ba, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng. Trong cu\u1ed9c c\u1ea1nh tranh cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 tin r\u1eb1ng r\u1ee7i ro l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c m\u1ed7i b\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u1ea3i hy sinh h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7. Sau m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c tranh \u0111\u1ea5u k\u00e9o d\u00e0i b\u1ed1n th\u1eadp ni\u00ean, v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1989, B\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng Berlin s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5; v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1990, Kh\u1ed1i Warsaw tan r\u00e3; v\u00e0 v\u00e0o Gi\u00e1ng sinh n\u0103m 1991, Li\u00ean X\u00f4 c\u0169ng tan r\u00e3. Chi\u1ebfn tranh L\u1ea1nh v\u00ec v\u1eady \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ebft th\u00fac b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfng r\u00ean r\u1ec9, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t v\u1ee5 n\u1ed5 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng m\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 hai b\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i. \u0110\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng hi\u1ebfm hoi c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m sau Th\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn II. T\u1ea1i sao Chi\u1ebfn tranh L\u1ea1nh l\u1ea1i k\u1ebft th\u00fac t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, trong khi r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh n\u00f3ng kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb 1945 \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 sai l\u1ea7m? Li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt ng\u1ea7m hi\u1ec3u n\u00e0o m\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh kh\u00e1ch ng\u00e0y nay c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 r\u00fat ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u1ea7y kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n \u0111\u00f3 hay kh\u00f4ng? Ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1o ra thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef \u201cchi\u1ebfn tranh l\u1ea1nh\u201d kh\u00f4ng ai kh\u00e1c ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 George Orwell - trong t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng 1984. Sau cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ebft ch\u00f3c nh\u1ea5t l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 Li\u00ean X\u00f4 th\u1eafng tr\u1eadn v\u1edbi t\u00e2m th\u1ebf m\u1ec7t m\u1ecfi. Cu\u1ed9c xung \u0111\u1ed9t \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 \u00e9p h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed3ng minh, b\u1edfi v\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng \u0110\u1ee9c Qu\u1ed1c x\u00e3 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi c\u1ea3 hai ph\u1ea3i h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c (nh\u01b0 Churchill \u0111\u00e3 ch\u00e2m bi\u1ebfm, n\u1ebfu Hitler x\u00e2m chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c, \u00f4ng ta \u201cs\u1ebd \u00edt nh\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u00f3i t\u1ed1t cho lo\u00e0i qu\u1ef7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc H\u1ea1 vi\u1ec7n\u201d). Khi nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i Li\u00ean X\u00f4 s\u1ebd \u1edf l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia \u0110\u00f4ng \u00c2u sau khi \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng h\u1ecd kh\u1ecfi tay \u0110\u1ee9c Qu\u1ed1c x\u00e3, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch M\u1ef9 ph\u1ea3i v\u1eadt l\u1ed9n \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c cho th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi h\u1eadu chi\u1ebfn m\u00e0 \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed3ng minh m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi nay \u0111ang tr\u1ed7i d\u1eady tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ecbch th\u1ee7 l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t. \u0110i\u1ec3m kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t quan \u0111i\u1ec3m Mani gi\u00e1o v\u1ec1 Li\u00ean X\u00f4. C\u00e1c ch\u00ednh kh\u00e1ch M\u1ef9 coi qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 b\u1edfi v\u00ec \u201cn\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7, t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a qu\u1ed1c x\u00e3 hay ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a ph\u00e1t x\u00edt\u201d, tr\u00edch d\u1eabn l\u1eddi B\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng B\u1ed9 Qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9, James Forrestal. Trong B\u1ee9c \u0110i\u1ec7n t\u00edn D\u00e0i mang t\u00ednh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eedi t\u1eeb Moscow ch\u1ec9 ch\u00edn th\u00e1ng sau Ng\u00e0y Chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng, George Kennan (khi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec7n M\u1ef9 https:\/\/thuviensach.vn","t\u1ea1i Moscow) c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o r\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n b\u00e0nh tr\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean X\u00f4 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u201cth\u1ebf l\u1ef1c ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u1edbi l\u00f2ng tin m\u00f9 qu\u00e1ng r\u1eb1ng s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 m\u1ed9t th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n n\u00e0o v\u1edbi M\u1ef9\u201d. Kennan \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t, trong th\u00e2m t\u00e2m, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Li\u00ean X\u00f4 tin r\u1eb1ng \u201cn\u1ebfu mu\u1ed1n gi\u1eef v\u1eefng quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ecd, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i, c\u00e1ch s\u1ed1ng truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecb h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t, v\u00e0 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecb b\u1ebb g\u00e3y\u201d. \u0110\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t Li\u00ean X\u00f4, hay bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3. S\u1ef1 hi\u1ebfu chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t gia t\u0103ng c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean X\u00f4 ngay sau kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian h\u1eadu chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn t\u00ednh \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn c\u1ee7a ph\u00e2n t\u00edch tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch M\u1ef9. Cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea3o ch\u00ednh \u1edf Ti\u1ec7p Kh\u1eafc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Li\u00ean X\u00f4 h\u1eadu thu\u1eabn x\u1ea3y ra v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1948, chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Trung Qu\u1ed1c n\u0103m 1949, cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a B\u1eafc Tri\u1ec1u Ti\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 b\u1ea3o tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean X\u00f4 v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1950 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e3 cho th\u1ea5y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n \u0111ang lan tr\u00e0n. N\u0103m 1949, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Li\u00ean X\u00f4 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m qu\u1ea3 bom nguy\u00ean t\u1eed \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 v\u1edbi \u201cth\u1ee9 v\u0169 kh\u00ed tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i\u201d n\u00e0y. V\u00e0 m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf Li\u00ean X\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb t\u00e0n ph\u00e1 trong su\u1ed1t Th\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn II, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i Nga h\u1ed3i ph\u1ee5c v\u1edbi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 nhanh h\u01a1n th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m sau Th\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn I. Trong th\u1eadp ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean sau chi\u1ebfn tranh, n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf Li\u00ean X\u00f4 gia t\u0103ng g\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f4i v\u00e0 t\u0103ng 50% trong th\u1eadp ni\u00ean ti\u1ebfp theo. \u0110a ph\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra n\u00e0y d\u00e0nh cho chi ti\u00eau qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1. Nh\u01b0 Robert Gates, m\u1ed9t quan ch\u1ee9c t\u00ecnh b\u00e1o cao c\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 trong su\u1ed1t th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 Chi\u1ebfn tranh L\u1ea1nh, ng\u01b0\u1eddi sau n\u00e0y l\u00e0m B\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng B\u1ed9 Qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t: \u201cLi\u00ean X\u00f4 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed trong kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian 25 n\u0103m, g\u00e2y ra nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u00e2u s\u1eafc t\u1edbi c\u00e1n c\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf.\u201d K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0, v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1956, khi Khrushchev ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng, \u201cL\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda ch\u00fang ta, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd ch\u00f4n v\u00f9i c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi,\u201d kh\u00f4ng ai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1ed5i. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc k\u1ef7 nguy\u00ean nguy\u00ean t\u1eed, m\u1ed9t n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n - m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh n\u00f3ng v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u1ed1c li\u1ec7t t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn m\u00e0 M\u1ef9, Anh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng minh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 tham d\u1ef1 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a Hitler. Trong cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau https:\/\/thuviensach.vn","kh\u00f4ng g\u00ec kh\u00e1c h\u01a1n ngo\u00e0i h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea7u h\u00e0ng v\u00f4 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a k\u1ebb th\u00f9. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng, trong khi M\u1ef9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ea1i Li\u00ean X\u00f4 ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c sau Th\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn II - v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 xem x\u00e9t l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn n\u00e0y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nghi\u00eam t\u00fac - n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady*. Sau khi Li\u00ean X\u00f4 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m qu\u1ea3 bom nguy\u00ean t\u1eed \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c gia M\u1ef9 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ea5u tranh v\u1edbi suy ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng trong cu\u1ed9c c\u1ea1nh tranh v\u1edbi Li\u00ean X\u00f4, kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m chi\u1ebfn tranh nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec h\u1ecd bi\u1ebft c\u00f3 l\u1ebd s\u1ebd s\u1edbm l\u1ed7i th\u1eddi*. Trong b\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ea3y v\u1ecdt l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a tr\u00ed t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ngo\u1ea1i giao M\u1ef9, v\u1edbi kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian b\u1ed1n n\u0103m k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb B\u1ee9c \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edn D\u00e0i c\u1ee7a Kennan v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a Ngo\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1edfng George Marshall t\u1ea1i Harvard (trong \u0111\u00f3 \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp t\u1edbi K\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch Marshall) cho t\u1edbi b\u1ea3n ghi nh\u1edb NSC-68 c\u1ee7a Paul Nitze (m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n ghi nh\u1edb tuy\u1ec7t m\u1eadt n\u00eau l\u00ean c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 cho cu\u1ed9c c\u1ea1nh tranh), c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o M\u1ef9 m\u00e0 b\u00e2y gi\u1edd ch\u00fang ta g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cnh\u1eefng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00f4ng th\u00e1i\u201d \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n li\u00ean quan t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c t\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft t\u1edbi. Clausewitz \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea1y cho ch\u00fang ta hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chi\u1ebfn tranh nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 n\u1ed1i d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf theo nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c. Sau khi ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed1i ngo\u1ea1i, ngo\u1ea1i giao v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o l\u1ee3i \u00edch cho m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia th\u00ec l\u1ee5c qu\u00e2n, h\u1ea3i qu\u00e2n v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u00f3 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 g\u00e2y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u00e1c. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng, chuy\u1ec7n g\u00ec s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra n\u1ebfu xung \u0111\u1ed9t tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi nguy c\u01a1 b\u1ecb h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t? D\u01b0\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u nh\u1eefng l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn thay th\u1ebf kh\u00e1c. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o ra kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u201cchi\u1ebfn tranh l\u1ea1nh\u201d nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh chi\u1ebfn tranh b\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n, ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb bom v\u00e0 s\u00fang \u0111\u1ea1n v\u1ed1n th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i nhau. M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 Li\u00ean X\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng k\u00edch c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 l\u00e2u d\u00e0i ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i nhau tr\u00ean h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 m\u1ecdi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n, ch\u1ec9 tr\u1eeb m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn: c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp. Nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f4ng k\u00edch n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m chi\u1ebfn tranh kinh t\u1ebf, chi\u1ebfn tranh th\u00f4ng tin, c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u00ed m\u1eadt, v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed l\u00e0 c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh \u1ee7y nhi\u1ec7m \u1edf Tri\u1ec1u Ti\u00ean (n\u01a1i m\u00e0 phi c\u00f4ng Li\u00ean X\u00f4 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 tr\u00ean kh\u00f4ng b\u00ed m\u1eadt ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng M\u1ef9), Vi\u1ec7t Nam (n\u01a1i m\u00e0 binh l\u00ednh Li\u00ean X\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 huy c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00f2ng kh\u00f4ng b\u1eafn https:\/\/thuviensach.vn","r\u01a1i h\u00e0ng t\u00e1 m\u00e1y bay M\u1ef9), Angola v\u00e0 Afghanistan (n\u01a1i m\u00e0 c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn binh th\u00e1nh chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 h\u1eadu thu\u1eabn c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 b\u00ed m\u1eadt ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i Li\u00ean X\u00f4). Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c chi\u1ebfn tranh m\u1edbi n\u00e0y, c\u1ea3 hai ph\u00eda \u0111\u1ec1u nh\u1eadn ra r\u1eb1ng xung \u0111\u1ed9t \u201cl\u1ea1nh\u201d c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u201cn\u00f3ng\u201d. \u0110\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i r\u1ee7i ro n\u00e0y, h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn - ch\u1ec9 trong th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3 - r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Ch\u00fang bao g\u1ed3m s\u1ef1 th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean X\u00f4 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia b\u1ecb chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u00f3ng \u1edf \u0110\u00f4ng \u00c2u v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c, Cuba v\u00e0 B\u1eafc Tri\u1ec1u Ti\u00ean. Th\u00eam v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ec7t n\u00ean m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c l\u1eabn nhau xung quanh cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea7u - nh\u1eefng r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c m\u00e0 T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng John F. Kennedy \u0111\u00e3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cnh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc b\u1ea5p b\u00eanh c\u1ee7a hi\u1ec7n tr\u1ea1ng\u201d. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u nguy c\u01a1 x\u1ea3y ra m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd, h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh \u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7p \u01b0\u1edbc ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t v\u0169 kh\u00ed \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 minh b\u1ea1ch cao h\u01a1n v\u00e0 gi\u00fap gia t\u0103ng s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 tin \u1edf m\u1ed7i b\u00ean r\u1eb1ng b\u00ean kia s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea7u. \u0110\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh c\u00e1c tai n\u1ea1n va ch\u1ea1m gi\u1eefa t\u00e0u chi\u1ebfn hay m\u00e1y bay, h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1eadp c\u00e1c c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc \u0111i l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c tr\u00ean kh\u00f4ng v\u00e0 d\u01b0\u1edbi bi\u1ec3n. Theo th\u1eddi gian, c\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 c\u1ea1nh tranh \u0111\u1ec1u ng\u1ea7m c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc \u201cba kh\u00f4ng\u201d c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng: kh\u00f4ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u0169 kh\u00ed h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n; kh\u00f4ng ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i ng\u1ea7m l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u0169 trang c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng; v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh can thi\u1ec7p qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 v\u00e0o khu v\u1ef1c \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ph\u00eda. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c sinh vi\u00ean M\u1ef9 th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XXI, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd s\u1ef1 ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 Chi\u1ebfn tranh L\u1ea1nh l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf r\u1eb1ng M\u1ef9 \u0111\u00e3 s\u1edf h\u1eefu m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1i chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c xuy\u00ean su\u1ed1t, th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 hai \u0110\u1ea3ng m\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec li\u00ean t\u1ee5c trong v\u00f2ng b\u1ed1n th\u1eadp ni\u00ean. H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1edb t\u1edbi chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u201cng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n\u201d. Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, M\u1ef9 s\u1edf h\u1eefu m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c Chi\u1ebfn tranh L\u1ea1nh ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ba \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1edbn. \u00dd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean cho r\u1eb1ng Li\u00ean X\u00f4 l\u00e0 m\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda mang t\u00ednh s\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 - theo ngh\u0129a b\u00f3ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 m\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda t\u1edbi s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n vong c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia. D\u01b0\u1edbi ng\u1ecdn c\u1edd c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng Marx - Lenin, c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng X\u00f4 vi\u1ebft \u0111e d\u1ecda nh\u1ea5n ch\u00ecm c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia ch\u1ee7 ch\u1ed1t \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c2u v\u00e0 ch\u00e2u \u00c1, t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c https:\/\/thuviensach.vn","l\u01b0\u1ee3ng H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o t\u1eebng b\u00e0nh tr\u01b0\u1edbng nhanh ch\u00f3ng trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 VII. Li\u00ean X\u00f4 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ebf ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u1edf b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia b\u1ecb chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u00f3ng \u1edf \u0110\u00f4ng \u00c2u, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u0111e d\u1ecda ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng, t\u1eeb x\u00fai gi\u1ee5c b\u1ea1o lo\u1ea1n b\u00ean trong cho t\u1edbi \u0111e d\u1ecda b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i, ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u1ed3ng minh c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 bao g\u1ed3m Hy L\u1ea1p, Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 \u00dd. Nh\u01b0 b\u1ea3n ghi nh\u1edb NSC-68 \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh: \u201cLi\u00ean X\u00f4 kh\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng qu\u1ed1c gia t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm v\u1ecb th\u1ebf b\u00e1 ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t ni\u1ec1m tin m\u00f9 qu\u00e1ng m\u1edbi, ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u0111\u1ed1i ngh\u1ecbch v\u1edbi ni\u1ec1m tin c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, v\u00e0 t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch \u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh l\u00ean ph\u1ea7n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.\u201d N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd, c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c gia M\u1ef9 tin nh\u1eefng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i m\u1ea5t tinh th\u1ea7n sau m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh t\u00e0n kh\u1ed1c hay b\u1ecb ki\u1ec7t qu\u1ec7 v\u1ec1 kinh t\u1ebf s\u1ebd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng b\u1ecb chi ph\u1ed1i b\u1edfi ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n \u0111ang l\u1edbn m\u1ea1nh. Tr\u1ee5 c\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 hai trong chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c Chi\u1ebfn tranh L\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi cho c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng quan tr\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed1i ngo\u1ea1i M\u1ef9. Nh\u01b0 b\u1ea3n ghi nh\u1edb NSC-68 \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh trong ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng, m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch l\u00e0 \u201cduy tr\u00ec n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia t\u1ef1 do v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u0103n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o to\u00e0n nguy\u00ean v\u1eb9n\u201d. Ch\u00e2m ng\u00f4n n\u00e0y x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng l\u1eb7ng \u0111\u1ec3 chi\u00eam nghi\u1ec7m. Trong m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi trong \u0111\u00f3 \u201cs\u1ef1 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u qu\u1ed1c gia kh\u00e1c xem l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ea3nh s\u00e1t to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u, ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 nh\u1eefng qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng hay kh\u00f4ng s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ch\u00ednh b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n h\u1ecd, s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1ng hi\u1ebfn m\u01a1 h\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ch\u00ednh kh\u00e1ch tham gia nhi\u1ec7t t\u00ecnh v\u00e0o Chi\u1ebfn tranh L\u1ea1nh cho t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u201cn\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9 tr\u00ean h\u1ebft\u201d c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn cho nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf xem l\u00e0 l\u1ed7i th\u1eddi hay th\u1eadm ch\u00ed x\u00fac ph\u1ea1m. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng, nh\u1eefng ch\u00ednh kh\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m g\u00ec sai: s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ef1 do kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 th\u1ee9 duy nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 n\u00ean v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 quan t\u00e2m nh\u1ea5t. N\u00f3 l\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh M\u1ef9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau l\u1edbn h\u01a1n n\u00e0o tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y. \u00dd t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1edbn th\u1ee9 ba \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee9 hai. \u00dd t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0y k\u00eau g\u1ecdi m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 t\u1eeb b\u1ecf ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng c\u00f3 ti\u1ec1n l\u1ec7, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u1eeb b\u1ecf t\u00e2m l\u00fd \u00e1c c\u1ea3m c\u00f3 t\u00ednh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng li\u00ean minh m\u00e0 M\u1ef9 cho l\u00e0 r\u1eafc r\u1ed1i. Trong khi https:\/\/thuviensach.vn","n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ef1 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn r\u00fat lui v\u1ec1 Ph\u00e1o \u0111\u00e0i ch\u00e2u M\u1ef9 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m trong Th\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn I v\u00e0 trong nh\u1eefng th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc, nh\u1eefng ch\u00ednh kh\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7t th\u00e0nh v\u1edbi Chi\u1ebfn tranh L\u1ea1nh cho r\u1eb1ng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n h\u1ee3p l\u00fd trong m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111ang ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nhau. S\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1ecbnh v\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng g\u00ec kh\u00e1c h\u01a1n ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf m\u1edbi. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng, tr\u00e1i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a l\u00e3ng m\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o h\u1eadu Th\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn I nh\u01b0 Woodrow Wilson, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t \u201ccu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn k\u1ebft th\u00fac m\u1ecdi cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn\u201d, c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c gia Chi\u1ebfn tranh L\u1ea1nh nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a m\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda Li\u00ean X\u00f4 s\u1ebd l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i l\u00e2u b\u1ec1n - r\u1ea5t l\u00e2u b\u1ec1n. N\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u00e1c trung t\u00e2m kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c2u c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n. Trong th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5 c\u00e1c s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn, nh\u1eefng ch\u00ednh kh\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn xa tr\u00f4ng r\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ea7y th\u1ef1c d\u1ee5ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra K\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch Marshall (\u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e1i x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ch\u00e2u \u00c2u); Qu\u1ef9 Ti\u1ec1n t\u1ec7 Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7p \u01b0\u1edbc chung v\u1ec1 Thu\u1ebf quan v\u00e0 M\u1eadu d\u1ecbch (\u0111\u1ec3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh n\u00ean tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 kinh t\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf c\u0103n b\u1ea3n); T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c hi\u1ec7p \u01b0\u1edbc B\u1eafc \u0110\u1ea1i T\u00e2y D\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 li\u00ean minh M\u1ef9 - Nh\u1eadt (\u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng ch\u00e2u \u00c2u v\u00e0 Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n li\u00ean k\u1ebft m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch s\u00e2u r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0o chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i Li\u00ean X\u00f4); v\u00e0 Li\u00ean h\u1ee3p qu\u1ed1c - t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng vi\u00ean g\u1ea1ch x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng n\u00ean m\u1ed9t tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u, t\u1eebng t\u1ea7ng t\u1eebng t\u1ea7ng m\u1ed9t, trong su\u1ed1t nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eadp ni\u00ean. Tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ea1i Li\u00ean X\u00f4 v\u00e0 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh, th\u1ecbnh v\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 do tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft l\u00e0 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9, sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 cho c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng minh c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9, v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng qu\u1ed1c gia kh\u00e1c. Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi Li\u00ean X\u00f4, chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e0y c\u00f3 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi duy tr\u00ec ba n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu: ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n s\u1ef1 l\u1edbn m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean X\u00f4, r\u0103n \u0111e \u0111\u1ec3 n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c l\u1ee3i \u00edch ch\u1ee7 ch\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9, v\u00e0 l\u00e0m x\u00f3i m\u00f2n t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u1ef1c thi c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n. Chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n khi\u1ebfn Li\u00ean X\u00f4 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c m\u1edbi. Quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n, chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e0y nh\u1eafm t\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i di\u1ec5n ng\u00f4n c\u1ee7a Marx v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 \u0111i l\u00ean mang t\u00ednh t\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed. S\u1ef1 l\u1edbn m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean X\u00f4 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1nh nhau v\u1edbi binh l\u00ednh X\u00f4 vi\u1ebft, m\u00e0 https:\/\/thuviensach.vn","b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 r\u0103n \u0111e - \u0111e d\u1ecda tr\u1ea3 \u0111\u0169a c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng hung h\u0103ng c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean X\u00f4 theo nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch khi\u1ebfn cho n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i gi\u00e1 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh khi\u1ebfn cho \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 suy y\u1ebfu b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ee9ng minh r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ef1 do, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 M\u1ef9 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7u, \u01b0u vi\u1ec7t h\u01a1n n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf ch\u1ec9 huy v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 n\u1ec1n ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00e0i c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean X\u00f4 trong vi\u1ec7c cung c\u1ea5p nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n mong mu\u1ed1n. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y c\u0169ng c\u00f3 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau l\u00e0m s\u00e2u s\u1eafc th\u00eam m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn v\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n b\u00ean trong chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean X\u00f4, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch can thi\u1ec7p v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c \u1edf nh\u1eefng qu\u1ed1c gia l\u00e0 v\u1ec7 tinh c\u1ee7a Moscow nh\u01b0 Ba Lan hay \u0111\u1ed3ng minh nh\u01b0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c - \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecd t\u1ef1 tin r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc qu\u1ed1c gia s\u1ebd b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng h\u01a1n gi\u1ea5c m\u01a1 t\u1ea1o d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t \u201ccon ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a m\u1edbi\u201d. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 gi\u00fap th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a t\u1ef1 do v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o Li\u00ean X\u00f4 \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u1eefng cam k\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng v\u0103n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c quan \u0111i\u1ec3m chung trong Tuy\u00ean ng\u00f4n c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean h\u1ee3p qu\u1ed1c v\u1ec1 Nh\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 Hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh Helsinki, t\u1ef1 tin r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng di s\u1ea3n \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi. V\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ed5 tr\u1ee3 cho nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c tr\u00ean, M\u1ef9 duy tr\u00ec m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f4ng khai c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 b\u00ed m\u1eadt b\u00ean trong l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 Li\u00ean X\u00f4 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia v\u1ec7 tinh, nh\u1eb1m l\u00e0m x\u00f3i m\u00f2n h\u1ec7 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n*. B\u00e0i h\u1ecdc 6: Ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec m\u1edbi c\u1ea3 - tr\u1eeb v\u0169 kh\u00ed h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00e0 quan s\u00e1t cho r\u1eb1ng th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX qu\u00e1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t so v\u1edbi qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng kinh nghi\u1ec7m tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u, r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ra nh\u1eefng ti\u1ec1n l\u1ec7 khi so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp kinh t\u1ebf, to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u h\u00f3a v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 lan r\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a th\u00f4ng tin li\u00ean l\u1ea1c tr\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 hi\u1ec7n nay, hay c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda mang t\u00ednh to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u t\u1eeb kh\u00ed h\u1eadu cho t\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a c\u1ef1c \u0111oan H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1ea7y b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng, nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i l\u00e0 Carmen Reinhart v\u00e0 Kenneth Rogoff \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf ch\u00fang ta trong ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u1ec1 350 cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh trong v\u00f2ng t\u00e1m th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 qua, nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng cho r\u1eb1ng hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i s\u1ebd kh\u00e1c. Reinhart v\u00e0 Rogoff \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda https:\/\/thuviensach.vn","Thucydides khi l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng, cho t\u1edbi khi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eabn c\u00f2n l\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ch\u00fang ta v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n nh\u1eefng m\u00f4 th\u1ee9c l\u1eb7p \u0111i l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i trong h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Sau c\u00f9ng, m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch b\u00e1n ch\u1ea1y nh\u1ea5t trong kho\u1ea3ng m\u1ed9t th\u1eadp ni\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1edbc Th\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn I l\u00e0 cu\u1ed1n The Great Illusion (\u1ea2o \u1ea3nh v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i) c\u1ee7a Norman Angell. Cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3, bao g\u1ed3m r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf v\u1ecb tr\u00ed cao trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i nh\u01b0 T\u1eed t\u01b0\u1edbc Esher (ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u1ea1i l\u1ee5c qu\u00e2n Anh sau th\u00e0nh t\u00edch k\u00e9m c\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y trong Chi\u1ebfn tranh Boer k\u1ebft th\u00fac n\u0103m 1902), r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c l\u1eabn nhau v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t kinh t\u1ebf khi\u1ebfn chi\u1ebfn tranh tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t \u1ea3o \u1ea3nh: \u201cv\u00f4 \u00edch\u201d b\u1eddi v\u00ec \u201ck\u1ebb y\u00eau th\u00edch chi\u1ebfn tranh s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi\u201d. Tuy nhi\u00ean, kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XXI kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y trong m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n mang t\u00ednh quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh: ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng c\u00f3 ti\u1ec1n l\u1ec7 v\u1ec1 v\u0169 kh\u00ed h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n. Einstein quan s\u00e1t th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng sau khi M\u1ef9 th\u1ea3 c\u00e1c qu\u1ea3 bom h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n xu\u1ed1ng Hiroshima v\u00e0 Nagasaki, v\u0169 kh\u00ed h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 \u201cthay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 tr\u1eeb l\u1ed1i suy ngh\u0129 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta\u201d. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng theo th\u1eddi gian suy ngh\u0129 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ai ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u0169 kh\u00ed h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i. C\u00e1c ch\u00ednh kh\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec1u bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng kho v\u0169 kh\u00ed c\u1ee7a hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i v\u0169 kh\u00ed h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n, m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t th\u00f4i c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng bom \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u1ed9ng l\u1ea1i. H\u1ecd bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n, m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn T\u1eadn th\u1ebf to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng tr\u00ean Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t. V\u00ec th\u1ebf v\u0169 kh\u00ed h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n s\u1edf h\u1eefu th\u1ee9 m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng sinh vi\u00ean quan h\u1ec7 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201chi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng qu\u1ea3 c\u1ea7u pha l\u00ea\u201d. B\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 m\u1ed9t l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o n\u00e0o c\u00f3 \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia kh\u00e1c s\u1edf h\u1eefu kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u00e1p tr\u1ea3 h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n, ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi vi\u1ec5n c\u1ea3nh kinh ho\u00e0ng khi h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n \u1edf ch\u00ednh qu\u1ed1c gia c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb gi\u1ebft. Ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 th\u1ee9 khi\u1ebfn h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i li\u00ean t\u1ee5c suy ngh\u0129*. B\u00e0i h\u1ecdc 7: MAD th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 khi\u1ebfn cho cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n tr\u1edf n\u00ean \u0111i\u00ean cu\u1ed3ng. Sau khi k\u00edch n\u1ed5 qu\u1ea3 bom \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1949, Li\u00ean https:\/\/thuviensach.vn","X\u00f4 nhanh ch\u00f3ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t kho v\u0169 kh\u00ed h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n l\u1edbn v\u00e0 tinh vi t\u1edbi m\u1ee9c n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft m\u00e0 c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c gia h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 \u201cs\u1ef1 h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t l\u1eabn nhau ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n\u201d (mutual assured destruction hay MAD). Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n m\u00e0 trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ea3 M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 Li\u00ean X\u00f4 \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kho v\u0169 kh\u00ed c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 trong m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea7u, tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n tr\u1ea3 \u0111\u0169a. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t b\u00ean c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn t\u1ef1 s\u00e1t. C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebfn M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 Li\u00ean X\u00f4 (v\u00e0 nay l\u00e0 Nga) tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh hai th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 song sinh d\u00ednh li\u1ec1n. Trong khi m\u1ed7i b\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea7u, m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 n\u00e3o v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng, x\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t. Trong l\u1ed3ng ng\u1ef1c chung c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, ch\u1ec9 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i duy nh\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t tr\u00e1i tim. V\u00e0o c\u00e1i ng\u00e0y m\u00e0 tr\u00e1i tim \u0111\u00f3 ng\u1eebng \u0111\u1eadp, c\u1ea3 hai s\u1ebd ch\u1ebft. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n k\u1ef3 c\u1ee5c v\u00e0 g\u00e2y kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu, ph\u00e9p \u1ea9n d\u1ee5 tr\u00ean m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 Li\u00ean X\u00f4 trong Chi\u1ebfn tranh L\u1ea1nh. V\u00e0 n\u00f3 v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 \u1edf th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XXI ngh\u0129 l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t sau khi Chi\u1ebfn tranh L\u1ea1nh k\u1ebft th\u00fac. C\u1ea3 M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 Nga v\u1eabn c\u00f2n l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng si\u00eau c\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1edf h\u1eefu v\u0169 kh\u00ed h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n. V\u00e0 m\u1eb7c d\u00f9, d\u1eabu Nga c\u00f3 x\u1ea5u xa, c\u00f3 nguy hi\u1ec3m, c\u00f3 \u0111\u00e1ng b\u1ecb b\u00f3p ngh\u1eb9t nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111i ch\u0103ng n\u1eefa, M\u1ef9 v\u1eabn ph\u1ea3i t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch s\u1ed1ng chung v\u1edbi qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y - ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 ch\u1ebft c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi nhau. Trong c\u00e2u n\u00f3i Ronald Reagan th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00edch d\u1eabn: Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u1eafng m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n, v\u00e0 v\u00ec th\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tham gia v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 v\u1eady.\u201d Ng\u00e0y nay, Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t kho v\u0169 kh\u00ed h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd t\u1edbi n\u1ed7i n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n MAD th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XXI v\u1edbi M\u1ef9. M\u1ef9 c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn ra th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf n\u00e0y trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh tri\u1ec3n khai h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u00ean l\u1eeda \u0111\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf Nga v\u00e0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c ra kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1c ma tr\u1eadn \u0111e d\u1ecda m\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 (b\u1edfi v\u00ec v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh ph\u00f2ng th\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc hai qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng kh\u1ea3 thi)*. V\u00ec v\u1eady, trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p th\u1ee9 hai, nh\u01b0 khi Churchill n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 Li\u00ean X\u00f4, \u201cs\u1ef1 tr\u1edb tr\u00eau v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i\u201d \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebfn \u201can https:\/\/thuviensach.vn","to\u00e0n th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ee9a con c\u1ee9ng c\u00e1p c\u1ee7a n\u1ed7i khi\u1ebfp s\u1ee3 v\u00e0 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh anh em song sinh c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t\u201d. B\u00e0i h\u1ecdc 8: Chi\u1ebfn tranh n\u00f3ng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c c\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ed1c h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n v\u00ec th\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e1ng. Nh\u1eefng r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c MAD t\u1ea1o ra trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh c\u1ea1nh tranh gi\u1eefa Li\u00ean X\u00f4 v\u00e0 M\u1ef9 c\u00f3 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 t\u1edbi nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00e0 c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c gia M\u1ef9 suy ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u1edf hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i. T\u1eeb th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 1950 cho t\u1edbi th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 1980, s\u1ef1 tr\u1ed7i d\u1eady tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t si\u00eau c\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean X\u00f4 t\u1ea1o ra \u201cth\u1ebf gi\u1edbi song c\u1ef1c\u201d. C\u1ea3 hai qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u1ec1u tin r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i ch\u00f4n v\u00f9i hay bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i b\u00ean c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng, n\u1ebfu T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Ronald Reagan \u0111\u00fang, m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch n\u00e0y c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh chi\u1ebfn tranh. H\u00e0m \u00fd trung t\u00e2m r\u00fat ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb c\u1ea1nh tranh X\u00f4 - M\u1ef9 cho chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u1eeba kh\u00f3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn l\u1ea1i v\u1eeba kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1i b\u1ecf: m\u1ed9t khi c\u1ea3 hai qu\u1ed1c gia s\u1edf h\u1eefu kho v\u0169 kh\u00ed h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 x\u00e2m ph\u1ea1m, chi\u1ebfn tranh n\u00f3ng gi\u1eefa hai b\u00ean l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e1ng. C\u1ea3 hai qu\u1ed1c gia ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0a s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt tr\u1ea7n tr\u1ee5i n\u00e0y v\u00e0o trong c\u00e1c c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed1i ngo\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Xin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i: ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb song sinh d\u00ednh li\u1ec1n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a c\u1ea3 hai ph\u1ea3i th\u1ecfa hi\u1ec7p theo nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch m\u00e0 h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, t\u1ef1 r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c ch\u00ednh b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng minh kh\u00f4ng ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n. Chi\u1ebfn tranh L\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00f3ng d\u1ea5u s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt n\u00e0y l\u00ean t\u00e2m l\u00fd v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng an ninh qu\u1ed1c gia M\u1ef9 khi ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi Li\u00ean X\u00f4. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ng\u00e0y nay, nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng n\u00e0y b\u1edfi v\u00ec n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 \u201cl\u1ecbch s\u1eed t\u1eeb r\u1ea5t l\u00e2u\u201d. Kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t ai trong th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o M\u1ef9 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i t\u1eebng tham gia v\u00e0o l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u00f3. R\u1ea5t \u00edt ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3. V\u00e0 trong khi Trung Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ecf ra ch\u1eadm ch\u1ea1p trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t kho v\u0169 kh\u00ed h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3, kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 n\u01b0\u1edbc Nga c\u1ee7a Putin trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, v\u00e0 c\u0169ng ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh \u0111e d\u1ecda h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 s\u0129 quan qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u1eabn tr\u00edch d\u1eabn l\u1ea1i tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 t\u00e1o b\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a Mao Tr\u1ea1ch \u0110\u00f4ng r\u1eb1ng th\u1eadm ch\u00ed sau khi \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ea5t 300 tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea7u h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n, Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u1eabn s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i. https:\/\/thuviensach.vn","S\u1ebd c\u1ea7n nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i li\u00ean t\u1ee5c v\u00e0 th\u1eb3ng th\u1eafn gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb \u1edf M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c - c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c s\u0129 quan qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i, v\u1ed1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m cho s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c t\u1eadp tr\u1eadn trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ea3 hai qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1eed \u0111e d\u1ecda hay th\u1eadm ch\u00ed s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u0169 kh\u00ed h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n - \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap c\u00e1c l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u1edf c\u1ea3 hai ph\u00eda nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean r\u1eb1ng chi\u1ebfn tranh \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u1edf c\u1ea3 hai x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn ra h\u00e0m \u00fd c\u1ee7a \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1edbn n\u00e0y th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1eed th\u00e1ch l\u1edbn h\u01a1n. B\u00e0i h\u1ecdc 9: Tuy nhi\u00ean, l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ed1c h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n v\u1eabn ph\u1ea3i chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho r\u1ee7i ro ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh m\u00e0 h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u1eafng. Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi \u201cngh\u1ecbch l\u00fd h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n\u201d. Trong m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c c\u1ea1nh tranh b\u1ecb r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c b\u1edfi MAD, kh\u00f4ng qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00e0nh chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng trong m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n - tuy nhi\u00ean v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00f4ng k\u1ebft th\u00fac \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y. Ngh\u1ecbch l\u00fd l\u00e0, m\u1ed7i qu\u1ed1c gia ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf r\u1eb1ng m\u00ecnh s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng thua trong m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 v\u1eady - ho\u1eb7c b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e1 ra kh\u1ecfi con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111ang \u0111i. H\u00e3y suy ngh\u0129 l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa v\u1ec1 tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i con g\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn trong Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 8. H\u00e3y xem x\u00e9t k\u1ef9 c\u1ea3 hai v\u1ebf c\u1ee7a ngh\u1ecbch l\u00fd. M\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t, n\u1ebfu chi\u1ebfn tranh x\u1ea3y ra, c\u1ea3 hai qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u1ec3u thua cu\u1ed9c. S\u1ebd ch\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb n\u00e0o n\u1ebfu c\u00e1c l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o ch\u1ecdn ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00ecnh. Theo ngh\u0129a \u0111\u00f3, trong Kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng t\u00ean l\u1eeda Cuba, T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Kennedy v\u00e0 Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch Khrushchev ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u00e1c trong m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh nh\u1eb1m ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n th\u1ea3m h\u1ecda cho c\u1ea3 hai ph\u00eda. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e2y l\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cho c\u1ea3 hai qu\u1ed1c gia, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 hai n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec1u bi\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, m\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, n\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t trong hai qu\u1ed1c gia kh\u00f4ng s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn r\u1ee7i ro tham gia (v\u00e0 thua) m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n, \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau n\u00e0o b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00e9p bu\u1ed9c c\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ed1c c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m kia ph\u1ea3i l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn gi\u1eefa ch\u1ecbu thua ho\u1eb7c leo thang chi\u1ebfn tranh. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00e1c l\u1ee3i \u00edch v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i, c\u00e1c l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn nh\u1eefng h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111em l\u1ea1i r\u1ee7i ro h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t. https:\/\/thuviensach.vn","M\u1ed9t c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, nh\u01b0ng may m\u1eafn l\u00e0 \u00edt g\u00e2y ra ch\u1ebft ch\u00f3c h\u01a1n, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y trong cu\u1ed9c c\u1ea1nh tranh m\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 c\u1ea1nh tranh kinh t\u1ebf gi\u1eefa M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c. Trong su\u1ed1t chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch b\u1ea7u c\u1eed T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng n\u0103m 2012, \u1ee9ng vi\u00ean \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a Mitt Romney \u0111\u00e3 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1: \u201cNg\u00e0y m\u00e0 t\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn l\u00e0m T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng, t\u00f4i s\u1ebd g\u1ecdi Trung Qu\u1ed1c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia thao t\u00fang ti\u1ec1n t\u1ec7 v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p.\u201d T\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb \u0111\u00e3 b\u00e1c b\u1ecf \u0111e d\u1ecda c\u1ee7a Romney v\u00e0 cho \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1t ng\u00f4n li\u1ec1u l\u0129nh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i t\u00e0n kh\u1ed1c. T\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp n\u1eafm quy\u1ec1n c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 b\u00e1c b\u1ecf nh\u1eefng \u0111e d\u1ecda t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Donald Trump trong su\u1ed1t chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch tranh c\u1eed n\u0103m 2016. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng, n\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 Washington kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn r\u1ee7i ro \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea7u th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i v\u1edbi Trung Qu\u1ed1c, t\u1ea1i sao c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o Trung Qu\u1ed1c l\u1ea1i ph\u1ea3i ng\u1eebng \u201c\u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed v\u1edbi M\u1ef9 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ebb y\u1ebfu \u0111u\u1ed1i v\u00e0 ki\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ti\u1ec1n\u201d (tr\u00edch \u1ea9n d\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a Romney) hay \u201cc\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta\u201d (theo l\u1eddi Trump) b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch h\u1ea1 gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed3ng ti\u1ec1n, tr\u1ee3 c\u1ea5p cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t trong n\u01b0\u1edbc, b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 cho th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh c\u1eafp t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7? C\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 khi M\u1ef9 ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi r\u1ee7i ro x\u1ea3y ra chi\u1ebfn tranh kinh t\u1ebf v\u1edbi Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ec3 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c gi\u00fap b\u1ea3o to\u00e0n c\u00e1c l\u1ee3i \u00edch kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, Washington c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i xem chi\u1ebfn tranh h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 gi\u00fap r\u0103n \u0111e hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u00e0 ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng nh\u01b0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c. T\u1eeb m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p kh\u00e1c, ba b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u00fat ra: B\u00e0i h\u1ecdc 10: S\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c l\u1eabn nhau ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t kinh t\u1ebf gia t\u0103ng c\u00e1i gi\u00e1 ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 - v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m nguy c\u01a1 x\u1ea3y ra chi\u1ebfn tranh - Trong nh\u1eefng th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc Th\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn I, c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a Anh v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c h\u00f2a quy\u1ec7n v\u00e0o nhau s\u00e2u s\u1eafc t\u1edbi m\u1ee9c m\u1ed9t b\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o \u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e1c tr\u1eebng ph\u1ea1t v\u1ec1 kinh t\u1ebf l\u00ean b\u00ean c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh. Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 hy v\u1ecdng r\u1eb1ng m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 ch\u1eb1ng ch\u1ecbt n\u00e0y s\u1ebd ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n chi\u1ebfn tranh. Tuy nhi\u00ean h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 sai. Tuy nhi\u00ean, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 chi\u1ebfn tranh \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra, h\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 kinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Berlin v\u00e0 London l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. https:\/\/thuviensach.vn","T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 kinh t\u1ebf M\u1ef9 - Trung hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i qu\u00e1 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o nhau, t\u1edbi m\u1ee9c ch\u00fang t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 MAD v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 MAED (mutual assured economic destruction): s\u1ef1 h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t l\u1eabn nhau ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t kinh t\u1ebf. M\u1ef9 l\u00e0 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c l\u00e0 tr\u00e1i ch\u1ee7 l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9. N\u1ebfu chi\u1ebfn tranh khi\u1ebfn M\u1ef9 ng\u1eebng nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c, c\u00f2n Trung Qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eebng mua v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u00f4 la M\u1ef9, t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed7i b\u00ean ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn s\u1ebd l\u1edbn h\u01a1n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi l\u1ee3i \u00edch m\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn tranh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mang l\u1ea1i. Nh\u1eadn ra r\u1eb1ng Angell \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc Th\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn I, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 MAED \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra th\u00eam hai quan \u0111i\u1ec3m. M\u1ed9t v\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho r\u1eb1ng Angell \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00fang. C\u00e1i gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a chi\u1ebfn tranh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c b\u00ean trong Th\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn I \u0111\u00e3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 l\u1ee3i \u00edch m\u00e0 b\u00ean th\u1eafng cu\u1ed9c nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. N\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trao c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn l\u1ea1i l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa, s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng ai ch\u1ecdn chi\u1ebfn tranh. B\u1edfi v\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh kh\u00e1ch trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai s\u1ebd tr\u1edf n\u00ean th\u00f4ng minh h\u01a1n. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c l\u1ea1i nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh t\u1edbi s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y v\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 kinh t\u1ebf M\u1ef9 - Trung ng\u00e0y nay. M\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian tr\u01b0\u1edbc Th\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn I. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng, chu\u1ed7i cung \u1ee9ng k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u1ed1i quan tr\u1ecdng v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 t\u00edch h\u1ee3p \u1edf m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u s\u1eafc t\u1edbi m\u1ee9c h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e1n \u1edf M\u1ef9, t\u1eeb iPhone cho t\u1edbi m\u00e1y bay Boeing, \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m ra b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn t\u1edbi t\u1eeb Trung Qu\u1ed1c. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 \u201c\u0111\u00e1nh c\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 l\u1edbn\u201d v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u m\u1edf, m\u00e0 th\u00f4ng qua \u0111\u00f3 n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u00e1n s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y nh\u1eefng con t\u00e0u ch\u1edf d\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y, xe h\u01a1i v\u00e0 m\u00e1y bay \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c gi\u1eef v\u1eefng m\u1ed9t t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng kinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u00e1ng kinh ng\u1ea1c m\u00e0 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec t\u00ednh ch\u00ednh danh ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh - hay n\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 \u201cthi\u00ean m\u1ec7nh\u201d c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c duy tr\u00ec. C\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng g\u00e2y gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eeb M\u1ef9. M\u1ef9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00ednh duy nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m Trung Qu\u1ed1c. Kho\u1ea3ng 2\/3 nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u d\u1ea7u m\u1ecf c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111i qua nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng bi\u1ec3n m\u00e0 \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ea3i qu\u00e2n M\u1ef9 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 hay ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1n x\u1eed t\u1ed1i cao - m\u1ed9t https:\/\/thuviensach.vn","v\u1ecb th\u1ebf m\u00e0 M\u1ef9 s\u1ebd v\u1eabn duy tr\u00ec trong th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i n\u1eefa trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, chi\u1ebfn tranh gi\u1eefa M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft th\u00fac c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 hai n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft hi\u1ec7n nay. Th\u1eadm ch\u00ed, nh\u1eefng ai cho MAED l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ph\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ea1i c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd v\u1edbi nhau v\u1ec1 kinh t\u1ebf \u0111ang t\u1ea1o ra trong l\u00f2ng c\u1ea3 hai x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i \u00edch l\u1edbn trong m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t gi\u1eefa hai n\u01b0\u1edbc, khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch h\u1ecd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00e0nh lang cho h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh. B\u00e0i h\u1ecdc 11: C\u00e1c li\u00ean minh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn ch\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi. T\u1eeb ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a Sparta \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Athens, cho t\u1edbi ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a Anh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ee9c, nh\u1eefng v\u00ed d\u1ee5 trong H\u1ed3 s\u01a1 c\u00e1c Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p B\u1eaby Thucydides cho th\u1ea5y l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o m\u00e0 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c gia tr\u1ed7i d\u1eady th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c qu\u1ed1c gia th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn t\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c c\u00e1c b\u00ean t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm \u0111\u1ed3ng minh \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng. Trong su\u1ed1t th\u1eadp ni\u00ean v\u1eeba qua, c\u00e1c l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 hung h\u0103ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng gia t\u0103ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c, Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 ve v\u00e3n M\u1ef9, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c v\u1edbi nhau ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd h\u01a1n. V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, nh\u1eefng li\u00ean minh nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh v\u00e0 an ninh khu v\u1ef1c. Tuy nhi\u00ean c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh nh\u1eefng li\u00ean minh \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra r\u1ee7i ro - b\u1edfi v\u00ec ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n theo hai h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i ngh\u1ecbch. Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e2u th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng h\u01a1n kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian h\u00e0ng th\u1eadp ni\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi Th\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn I x\u1ea3y ra. Nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 trong Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 4, trong n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n \u0111\u1ed5 m\u00e1u, c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh kh\u00e1ch ch\u00e2u \u00c2u \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t \u201cc\u1ed7 m\u00e1y t\u1eadn th\u1ebf\u201d cho ph\u00e9p m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c \u00e1m s\u00e1t kh\u00f4ng quan tr\u1ecdng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u00e2m ng\u00f2i cho cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n. Ghi ch\u00e9p t\u1eeb l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea1y cho ch\u00fang ta r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00fd k\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec1u b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng. C\u00e1c li\u00ean minh ph\u00f2ng th\u1ee7 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng li\u00ean minh c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 l\u1eddi h\u1ee9a h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 ph\u00f2ng th\u1ee7 Corcyra c\u1ee7a Athens n\u1ebfu Corcyra l\u00e0 n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea7u, hay nh\u01b0 cam k\u1ebft c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 v\u1edbi \u0110\u00e0i Loan, v\u1ed1n d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c li\u1ec7u Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u00f3 hi\u1ebfu chi\u1ebfn hay kh\u00f4ng. Theo chi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb \u201ch\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 v\u00f4 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n\u201d kh\u00e9t ti\u1ebfng m\u00e0 ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf \u0110\u1ee9c trao cho ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf \u00c1o \u0111\u00e3 gia t\u0103ng t\u00e2m l\u00fd ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn r\u1ee7i ro c\u00f3 https:\/\/thuviensach.vn","ph\u1ea7n li\u1ec1u l\u0129nh c\u1ee7a \u00c1o v\u00e0 khi\u1ebfn chi\u1ebfn tranh b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5 n\u0103m 1914. Trong khi cam k\u1ebft c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 chi\u1ebfu theo \u0110i\u1ec1u 5 c\u1ee7a hi\u1ec7p \u01b0\u1edbc Ph\u00f2ng th\u1ee7 chung M\u1ef9 - Nh\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi l\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u1ee7a ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf \u0110\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u00c1o, b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ai trong ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn cho h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ngo\u1ea1i giao M\u1ef9 quay nh\u01b0 chong ch\u00f3ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb h\u1ecd gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch t\u1ea1i sao l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng. X\u00e9t tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf r\u1eb1ng quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c \u0111ang l\u00ean c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111ang t\u1ea1o ra y\u00eau c\u1ea7u gia t\u0103ng h\u01a1n n\u1eefa s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n mang t\u00ednh b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 \u1edf khu v\u1ef1c, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u1edf Washington ph\u1ea3i \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u1ea9n tr\u1ecdng c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u00e0 M\u1ef9 \u0111\u00e3 k\u00fd k\u1ebft v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng minh ch\u00e2u \u00c1 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 bao h\u00e0m nh\u1eefng g\u00ec. B\u00e0i h\u1ecdc 12: Th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u trong n\u01b0\u1edbc mang t\u00ednh quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh. Nh\u1eefng g\u00ec c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia l\u00e0m b\u00ean trong \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan, \u00edt nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng g\u00ec h\u1ecd l\u00e0m \u1edf b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. Ba y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t: th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u kinh t\u1ebf t\u1ea1o ra c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c qu\u1ed1c gia; t\u00ednh c\u1ea1nh tranh trong qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ebd cho ph\u00e9p huy \u0111\u1ed9ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean cho c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau qu\u1ed1c gia; v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 h\u0103ng h\u00e1i hay tinh th\u1ea7n qu\u1ed1c gia s\u1ebd gi\u00fap duy tr\u00ec c\u1ea3 hai y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 tr\u00ean. V\u00e0o \u0111\u00fang th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m, c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia s\u1edf h\u1eefu m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf m\u1ea1nh, m\u1ed9t ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u1ea1nh tranh cao h\u01a1n v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c qu\u1ed1c gia th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t s\u1ebd c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n l\u00ean l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia kh\u00e1c. Theo c\u00e2u s\u00e1o ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a Damon Runyon: m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 k\u1ebb ch\u1ea1y nhanh kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng th\u1eafng trong m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c ch\u1ea1y \u0111ua hay k\u1ebb m\u1ea1nh s\u1ebd th\u1eafng trong m\u1ed9t tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea5u, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta v\u1eabn hay \u0111\u1eb7t c\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u1eafng cu\u1ed9c. Anh ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn M\u1ef9 \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf c\u00f3 quy m\u00f4 ch\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda c\u1ee7a Anh v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1840 cho t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf c\u00f3 quy m\u00f4 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi Anh v\u00e0o th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 1870, v\u00e0 g\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f4i Anh v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1914. Nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp, ch\u00ednh \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c trong B\u1ed9 H\u1ea3i qu\u00e2n Anh \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch th\u00edch \u1ee9ng. N\u1ebfu kinh t\u1ebf M\u1ef9 b\u1ebft b\u00e1t v\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y b\u1ecb chia l\u00e0m hai n\u1eeda, hay ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 M\u1ef9 tr\u1edf n\u00ean tham nh\u0169ng v\u00e0 n\u1ec1n ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb qu\u1ed1c gia b\u1ecb t\u00ea li\u1ec7t b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 https:\/\/thuviensach.vn","khi x\u1ea3y ra N\u1ed9i chi\u1ebfn, vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a Anh \u1edf T\u00e2y B\u00e1n C\u1ea7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c duy tr\u00ec trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX. N\u1ebfu Li\u00ean X\u00f4 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng duy tr\u00ec ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf \u1edf t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 g\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f4i M\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ed1c kinh t\u1ebf d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c trong vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u201ccon ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a m\u1edbi\u201d, Moscow \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u1eafm ch\u1eafc v\u1ecb th\u1ebf b\u00e1 ch\u1ee7 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c2u, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c1. N\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ed1i t\u00e1c nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean X\u00f4, C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Trung Hoa, tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh qu\u1ed1c gia ti\u00ean phong trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u1edbn m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n th\u00f4ng qua \u201cc\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng\u201d, nh\u01b0 c\u00e1ch m\u00e0 h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch M\u1ef9 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 Chi\u1ebfn tranh Vi\u1ec7t Nam, kh\u1ed1i C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ee7 b\u00f3ng \u0111en l\u00ean \u201cth\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u1ef1 do\u201d do M\u1ef9 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7u. N\u1ebfu kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n, v\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ch\u00ednh d\u1eabn t\u1edbi \u0110\u1ea1i Suy tho\u00e1i trong th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 1930, v\u1eabn c\u00f2n t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i dai d\u1eb3ng trong nh\u1eefng th\u1eadp ni\u00ean sau Th\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn II, c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia T\u00e2y \u00c2u m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 ng\u00e3 qu\u1ef5 tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e1m d\u1ed7 t\u1edbi t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 b\u00e0nh tr\u01b0\u1edbng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, v\u00e0 m\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed5 m\u00e0 \u1ee6y ban An ninh Qu\u1ed1c gia (KGB) ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh. May m\u1eafn thay, \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u201cl\u1ee1 nh\u01b0\u201d. Thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, nh\u01b0 Kennan \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n, th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ef1 do v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i t\u1ef1 do \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n s\u1edf h\u1eefu kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n trong vi\u1ec7c cung c\u1ea5p nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ee3i \u00edch v\u1ec1 kinh t\u1ebf, ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n mong mu\u1ed1n. M\u1eb7c cho m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i th\u1eadp ni\u00ean tr\u1ed7i d\u1eady \u0111\u00e1ng s\u1ee3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7y k\u1ecbch t\u00ednh, Li\u00ean X\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i b\u1edfi m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh kinh t\u1ebf ch\u1ec9 huy, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb to\u00e0n tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u1ea1nh tranh l\u1ea1i. V\u1edbi m\u1ed9t t\u00e1 nh\u1eefng kinh nghi\u1ec7m tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u00fat ra t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? https:\/\/thuviensach.vn","10 T\u01af\u01a0NG LAI C\u1ee6A CH\u00daNG TA S\u1ebc NH\u01af TH\u1ebe N\u00c0O? Trong nhi\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nguy hi\u1ec3m \u0111ang ch\u1edd h\u1ecd \u1edf ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng, h\u1ecd l\u1ea1i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea7u h\u00e0ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed9t \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00e3 quy\u1ebfn r\u0169 h\u1ecd v\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t tai h\u1ecda kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o tho\u00e1t ra\u2026 ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec s\u1ef1 \u0111i\u00ean r\u1ed3, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t h\u1ea1nh ch\u00ednh b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n h\u1ecd. Thucydides, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Athens n\u00f3i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Melia, n\u0103m 416 TCN C\u00f3 l\u1ebd ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t con qu\u00e1i v\u1eadt Frankenstein. Richard Nixon Theo k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ea5y \u1edf Washington, ch\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0y n\u00ean t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edbi, ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh cho n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9 trong cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi Trung Qu\u1ed1c b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t danh s\u00e1ch nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh v\u00e0 th\u1ecbnh v\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1edbi B\u1eafc Kinh. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng, n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 g\u00f2 \u00e9p th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t khu\u00f4n m\u1eabu nh\u01b0 v\u1eady s\u1ebd ch\u1ec9 ch\u1ee9ng minh m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u: th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i trong vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1ee1ng nan m\u00e0 cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh. Th\u1ee9 m\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9 c\u1ea7n nh\u1ea5t trong l\u00fac n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u201cchi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c Trung Qu\u1ed1c\u201d m\u1edbi - hay th\u1ee9 v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1edf Washington ng\u00e0y nay - m\u00e0 thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng l\u1eb7ng nghi\u00eam t\u00fac \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 ng\u1eabm. N\u1ebfu qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 g\u00e2y ra b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 tr\u1ed7i d\u1eady c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf l\u01b0\u1ee1ng nan \u0111\u00fang nh\u01b0 theo quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a Thucydides, v\u1eady th\u00ec vi\u1ec7c k\u00eau g\u1ecdi ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh xoay tr\u1ee5c \u201cm\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd h\u01a1n\u201d hay \u201cc\u1ee9ng r\u1eafn h\u01a1n\u201d s\u1ebd ch\u1ec9 gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t li\u1ec1u aspirin m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1eefa ung th\u01b0. N\u1ebfu M\u1ef9 https:\/\/thuviensach.vn","v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c l\u00e0m nh\u1eefng g\u00ec h\u1ecd \u0111ang l\u00e0m, c\u00e1c s\u1eed gia t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai s\u1ebd so s\u00e1nh \u201cchi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c\u201d c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u1ea3o t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o Anh, \u0110\u1ee9c v\u00e0 Nga \u0111\u00e3 m\u1eafc ph\u1ea3i khi h\u1ecd m\u01a1 ng\u1ee7 b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1914. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 \u201cgi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p\u201d n\u00e0o cho qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh tr\u1ed7i d\u1eady \u0111\u1ea7y k\u1ecbch t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh 5.000 n\u0103m tu\u1ed5i v\u1edbi 1,4 t\u1ef7 d\u00e2n. \u0110\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng, m\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng m\u00e3n t\u00ednh c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t trong c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf h\u1ec7. X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1ee9ng t\u1ea7m v\u1edbi th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c k\u00e9o d\u00e0i nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m, v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1ng hi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ed9 \u00f3c kh\u00e1c nhau. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng k\u00e9m ph\u1ea7n tham v\u1ecdng so v\u1edbi kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian b\u1ed1n n\u0103m tranh lu\u1eadn, t\u1eeb b\u1ee9c \u0110i\u1ec7n t\u00edn D\u00e0i c\u1ee7a Kennan cho t\u1edbi b\u1ea3n ghi nh\u1edb NSC-68 c\u1ee7a Nitze, \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh n\u00ean chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c Chi\u1ebfn tranh L\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9. Ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd c\u1ea7n nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft s\u00e2u s\u1eafc t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng \u201cnh\u00e0 th\u00f4ng th\u00e1i\u201d. N\u00f3i t\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i v\u01b0\u1ee3t xa m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb khi Trung Qu\u1ed1c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh m\u1edf c\u1eeda. Cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y mong mu\u1ed1n kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 \u1edf hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i. V\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch \u0111\u00f3, ch\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t chu\u1ed7i c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc v\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c cho nh\u1eefng ai mong mu\u1ed1n tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi B\u1eaby Thucydides v\u00e0 tr\u00e1nh n\u00e9 Th\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn III. B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf mang t\u00ednh c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac Bismarck \u0111\u00e3 c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i\u1ec7u h\u00f3a khi \u00f4ng m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 thu\u1eadt tr\u1ecb n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ec1 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 khi ta nghe th\u1ea5y b\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00e2n c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng n\u1eafm l\u1ea5y v\u1ea1t \u00e1o c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i khi Ng\u00e0i \u0111i ngang qua. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng, thu\u1eadt tr\u1ecb n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng h\u1eb3n l\u00e0 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, m\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang h\u01a1n l\u00e0 l\u01b0\u1edbt tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng ng\u1ecdn s\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed. C\u00e1c l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u00e0ng nh\u1eadn ra xu h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u0103n b\u1ea3n r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng bao nhi\u00eau th\u00ec h\u1ecd c\u00e0ng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng b\u1ea5y nhi\u00eau trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh n\u00ean nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3. \u1ede Washington, c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean m\u00e0 c\u00e1c quan ch\u1ee9c th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 s\u1ebd l\u00e0: C\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m g\u00ec? Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng \u201c\u0111\u1eebng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00f3, ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111i\u201d l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1ec7nh l\u1ec7nh chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c. Chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi r\u1eb1ng ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n ph\u1ea3i \u0111i tr\u01b0\u1edbc k\u00ea toa. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i n\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t b\u00e1c s\u0129 ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb l\u00f4i b\u1ea1n v\u00e0o ph\u00f2ng m\u1ed5 ngay sau khi th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, b\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p t\u00ednh kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c https:\/\/thuviensach.vn","kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng mang t\u00ednh chu k\u1ef3 v\u00e0 \u00e1p l\u1ef1c ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb \u0111\u00e8 n\u1eb7ng, kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0o l\u1ea1i nghi\u00eam t\u00fac xem x\u00e9t l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u1ec1 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c \u0111ang hi\u1ec3n hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft. Khi Nixon v\u00e0 Kissinger b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 m\u1ed9t Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111ang m\u1edf c\u1eeda, kh\u00f4ng ai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eb1ng trong cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi h\u1ecd, n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf l\u1edbn v\u00e0 h\u00f9ng m\u1ea1nh ngang b\u1eb1ng M\u1ef9. S\u1ef1 t\u1eadp trung \u0111\u1ec1u d\u1ed3n v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 khi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 Li\u00ean X\u00f4 v\u00e0 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean X\u00f4, v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch n\u1edbi r\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1 chia r\u1ebd Trung - X\u00f4 b\u00ean trong kh\u1ed1i x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a. V\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, khi Nixon \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i g\u1ea7n h\u1ebft cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 h\u1ed3i t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1ea1i s\u01b0 vi\u1ec7c, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u00e2m s\u1ef1 v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n v\u00e0 c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c b\u00e0i ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u cho \u00f4ng, William Safire: \u201cC\u00f3 l\u1ebd ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t con qu\u00e1i v\u1eadt Frankenstein.\u201d* V\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang l\u00e0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t con qu\u00e1i v\u1eadt. Trong v\u00f2ng ba th\u1eadp ni\u00ean r\u01b0\u1ee1i k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb khi Ronald Reagan tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng, b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u kinh t\u1ebf t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t, Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u01b0\u1ee3t b\u1eadc t\u1eeb 10% quy m\u00f4 n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf M\u1ef9 l\u00ean t\u1edbi 60% v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2007, 100% v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2014 v\u00e0 115% hi\u1ec7n nay. N\u1ebfu xu h\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00e0y ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c, n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf Trung Qu\u1ed1c s\u1ebd l\u1edbn h\u01a1n M\u1ef9 t\u1edbi 50% v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2023. Cho t\u1edbi n\u0103m 2040, kinh t\u1ebf Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1edbn g\u1ea5p ba l\u1ea7n M\u1ef9*. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u1edbi ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean g\u1ea5p ba l\u1ea7n M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng s\u1ed1 t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 g\u00e2y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng trong quan h\u1ec7 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf. Nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf v\u1ec1 kinh t\u1ebf, ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 to l\u1edbn nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u01b0\u1ee3t xa b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 th\u1ee9 g\u00ec c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch M\u1ef9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. C\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i M\u1ef9. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng, t\u1ea1i sao M\u1ef9 l\u1ea1i s\u1edf h\u1eefu m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i chi\u1ebfm \u01b0u th\u1ebf tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i? B\u1edfi v\u00ec trong su\u1ed1t ba th\u1eadp ni\u00ean v\u1eeba qua M\u1ef9 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 c\u1ea1nh tranh kh\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng l\u1ea1i. Ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng M\u1ef9 n\u0103m 2016 b\u1eb1ng t\u1ed5ng ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c, Nga, Nh\u1eadt v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c c\u1ed9ng l\u1ea1i. T\u1ea1i sao M\u1ef9 l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c gia n\u1eafm quy\u1ec1n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng n\u00ean nh\u1eefng lu\u1eadt l\u1ec7 trong tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 h\u1eadu https:\/\/thuviensach.vn","Th\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn II? Trong khi nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 v\u1eabn mu\u1ed1n t\u00e2ng b\u1ed1c b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u00ec tr\u00ed th\u00f4ng minh, \u0111\u1ee9c h\u1ea1nh hay s\u1ef1 quy\u1ebfn r\u0169 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf tr\u1ea7n tr\u1ee5i l\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia m\u1edbi mang t\u00ednh quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh. S\u1ef1 d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ea7y k\u1ecbch t\u00ednh trong n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u \u0111ang khi\u1ebfn cho tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi do M\u1ef9 d\u1eabn d\u1eaft ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u00f3 duy tr\u00ec. Trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m sau kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh 2008 v\u00e0 suy tho\u00e1i to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u1edf m\u1ecdi qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng \u01b0u ti\u00ean cao nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng, t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u00e3 lao d\u1ed1c \u1edf nh\u1eefng n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf ch\u1ee7 ch\u1ed1t. T\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u1edf M\u1ef9 tr\u00ec tr\u1ec7, trung b\u00ecnh v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng 2%. C\u00e1c n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf EU th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f2n t\u1ec7 h\u01a1n, khi t\u1ed5ng GDP v\u1eabn \u1edf d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1ee9c tr\u01b0\u1edbc suy tho\u00e1i cho t\u1edbi n\u0103m 2016. Ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf l\u1edbn duy nh\u1ea5t th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ed1t. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00e3 suy gi\u1ea3m k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng kinh t\u1ebf n\u0103m 2008, Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1edbi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 trung b\u00ecnh h\u01a1n 7% m\u1ed7i n\u0103m. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0, ch\u1ec9 m\u00ecnh n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 chi\u1ebfm t\u1edbi 40% t\u1ed5ng t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Khi so s\u00e1nh quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a hai \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 c\u1ea1nh tranh, th\u1ee9 quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i m\u00e0 l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i: b\u1ea1n t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng nhanh h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c n\u00e0o khi so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi t\u00f4i. X\u00e9t t\u1edbi \u201ckho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng\u201d n\u00e0y, th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f2n \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u01a1n. K\u1ec3 t\u1eeb kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh, kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y gi\u1eefa Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 M\u1ef9 tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 gia t\u0103ng - t\u1eeb m\u1ee9c t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng trung b\u00ecnh nhanh h\u01a1n 6% so v\u1edbi M\u1ef9 trong th\u1eadp ni\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1edbc n\u0103m 2007 cho t\u1edbi h\u01a1n 7% trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m sau 2007. Th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c c\u1ed1t y\u1ebfu trong thu\u1eadt tr\u1ecb n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 nh\u1eadn ra \u201cm\u1ed9t thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u00e0m x\u00f3i m\u00f2n an ninh qu\u1ed1c gia, v\u00e0 thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecb ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n b\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p m\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda mang h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, hay tr\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e1ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111i ch\u0103ng n\u1eefa\u201d. Li\u1ec7u \u201cs\u1ef1 v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1\u201d c\u00f3 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c l\u1ee3i \u00edch qu\u1ed1c gia quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9? Li\u1ec7u M\u1ef9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd trong m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi m\u00e0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc vi\u1ebft ra lu\u1eadt ch\u01a1i? Hay trong m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi m\u00e0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf? Khi ch\u00fang ta nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac m\u1edbi, ch\u00fang ta https:\/\/thuviensach.vn","kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 ph\u1ea3i s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi cho nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi c\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n c\u1ef1c \u0111oan v\u00e0 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 d\u1ec5 ch\u1ecbu. L\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng L\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0nh h\u1ecdc \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u1edbi n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c soi s\u00e1ng nh\u1eefng t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng hay l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn trong hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n t\u00edch ti\u1ec1n l\u1ec7 hay nh\u1eefng m\u00f4 th\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed. C\u00e1c s\u1eed gia truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c hay m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 v\u00e0 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 chuy\u1ec7n g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra v\u00e0 t\u1ea1i sao. C\u00e1c s\u1eed gia \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn, hay m\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng kh\u00f4ng m\u1ea5y s\u00e1ng s\u1ee7a trong hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch ghi ch\u00e9p l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ra quan \u0111i\u1ec3m, k\u00edch th\u00edch tr\u00ed t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm nh\u1eefng g\u1ee3i \u00fd v\u1ec1 chuy\u1ec7n g\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra, \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t nh\u1eefng can thi\u1ec7p kh\u1ea3 d\u0129 v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 nh\u1eefng h\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n. Theo ngh\u0129a n\u00e0y, L\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng mang t\u00ednh ph\u00e1i sinh: d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o l\u1ecbch s\u1eed truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c m\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ph\u1ea3i d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o v\u1eadt l\u00fd, hay y d\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea3i d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o h\u00f3a sinh. Trong Tuy\u00ean ng\u00f4n L\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng\u201d c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i, \u0111\u1ed3ng nghi\u1ec7p Niall Ferguson v\u00e0 t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t r\u1eb1ng Nh\u00e0 Tr\u1eafng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u00e1c Nh\u00e0 T\u01b0 v\u1ea5n L\u1ecbch s\u1eed, t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u00e1c Nh\u00e0 T\u01b0 v\u1ea5n Kinh t\u1ebf. Nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng n\u00e0y l\u00e0 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi ba c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi quan tr\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 tr\u1ed7i d\u1eady c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c. C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean: C\u1ea1nh tranh M\u1ef9 - Trung s\u1ebd di\u1ec5n ra nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? \u1ede th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 c\u1ee7a \u201cH\u1ee3p ch\u00fang qu\u1ed1c nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb \u0111\u00e3ng tr\u00ed\u201d, m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 l\u00e0 \u201cch\u01b0a t\u1eebng c\u00f3 ti\u1ec1n l\u1ec7\u201d. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng, c\u00e1c s\u1eed gia \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng s\u1ebd h\u1ecfi: Li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i ch\u00fang ta ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y? N\u1ebfu \u0111\u00fang nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u1edf nh\u1eefng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc? Nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft hay b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc n\u00e0o ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 r\u00fat ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u1edf hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i? Nh\u1eefng s\u1eed gia n\u00e0y t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean s\u1ebd c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch b\u1eadn r\u1ed9n n\u00ean tr\u00e1nh xa nh\u1eefng ph\u00e2n t\u00edch h\u1eddi h\u1ee3t. S\u1ee9c c\u00e1m d\u1ed7 c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c t\u00ecm ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t ti\u1ec1n l\u1ec7 quan tr\u1ecdng (v\u00ed d\u1ee5, s\u1ef1 tr\u1ed7i d\u1eady c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c) v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u201cc\u0169ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1\u201d, r\u1ed3i ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n n\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i b\u1eaby. Nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed3ng nghi\u1ec7p qu\u00e1 https:\/\/thuviensach.vn","c\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i Ernest May \u0111\u00e3 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh, s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t d\u00f9 nh\u1ecf nh\u1ea5t c\u0169ng quan tr\u1ecdng kh\u00f4ng k\u00e9m s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng*. Th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XXI th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t kh\u00f4ng hai (v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng quy m\u00f4, t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ed7i d\u1eady c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c l\u00e0 ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng c\u00f3 ti\u1ec1n l\u1ec7 trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n quan tr\u1ecdng), t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 - \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u00ed d\u1ee5 trong H\u1ed3 s\u01a1 c\u00e1c Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p B\u1eaby Thucydides. V\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng L\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1ea5t th\u1eddi hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, Henry Kissinger \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o: \u201cD\u0129 nhi\u00ean, l\u1ecbch s\u1eed kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch d\u1ea1y n\u1ea5u \u0103n gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m nghi\u1ec7m.\u201d L\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u201csoi s\u00e1ng h\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng trong nh\u1eefng t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 so s\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u201d, nh\u01b0ng \u201cm\u1ed7i th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 ph\u1ea3i t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mang ra so s\u00e1nh tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf\u201d. C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u1ee9 hai m\u00e0 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng Nh\u00e0 Tr\u1eafng n\u00ean h\u1ecfi l\u00e0: n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9 \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn t\u1edbi th\u1ee9 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cth\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c Trung Qu\u1ed1c\u201d nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? Nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y ng\u00e0y nay ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c \u1ea3nh ch\u1ee5p v\u1ed9i. V\u1eady c\u00f2n to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 b\u1ed9 phim \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ch\u00fang ta t\u1edbi th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m hi\u1ec7n nay? X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbch th\u1ee7 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c d\u00e0i h\u01a1i h\u01a1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap g\u1ee1 r\u1ed1i nh\u1eefng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. N\u00f3 c\u0169ng nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf ch\u00fang ta r\u1eb1ng th\u1eadm ch\u00ed khi r\u1eafc r\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u201cgi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft\u201d, c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i th\u00eam nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m n\u1eefa. Xem x\u00e9t l\u1ea1i chu\u1ed7i c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 mang ch\u00fang ta t\u1edbi th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i s\u1ebd gi\u00fap c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch kh\u00e1ng l\u1ea1i xu h\u01b0\u1edbng ch\u1ec9 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft, c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 qua r\u1ed3i th\u00ec cho n\u00f3 qua, hay ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n nh\u00ecn v\u1ec1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 n\u00f3i chung \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm ngay c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi cho c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi: Ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m g\u00ec? C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u1ee9 ba: li\u1ec7u c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia li\u00ean quan kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c theo c\u00f9ng xu h\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u01b0 M\u1ef9 hay kh\u00f4ng? S\u1eed gia xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc Michael Howard \u0111\u00e3 l\u01b0u \u00fd: \u201cM\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta tin t\u01b0\u1edfng \u1edf hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta tin t\u01b0\u1edfng \u1edf qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9.\u201d C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111ang \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng - m\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng n\u1eafm r\u00f5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u00e1c b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i hi\u1ec3u l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u00f3 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o. https:\/\/thuviensach.vn","Nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c r\u1eb1ng chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 h\u1eadu chi\u1ebfn tranh l\u1ea1nh v\u1ec1 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c xoay tr\u1ee5c v\u1ec1 ch\u00e2u \u00c1 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed1i ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tung h\u00f4 nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n Obama, tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 g\u00f3i gh\u00e9m l\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t t\u1eeb ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee9ng ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi Trung Qu\u1ed1c m\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9 \u0111\u00e3 theo \u0111u\u1ed5i d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1eddi c\u00e1c T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a v\u00e0 D\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb cu\u1ed1i Chi\u1ebfn tranh L\u1ea1nh*. Chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201ccam k\u1ebft nh\u01b0ng ph\u00f2ng b\u1ecb\u201d. L\u1ed7 h\u1ed5ng c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ean l\u00e0 d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 n\u00f3 cho ph\u00e9p m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ng\u0103n c\u1ea5m b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 th\u1ee9 g\u00ec. X\u00e9t v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh, h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p m\u1ed7i m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 trong ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i theo xu h\u01b0\u1edbng ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. M\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t, B\u1ed9 Ngo\u1ea1i giao v\u00e0 B\u1ed9 T\u00e0i ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e3 \u201ccam k\u1ebft\u201d - v\u1edbi mong mu\u1ed1n ch\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3n Trung Qu\u1ed1c nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn v\u00e0 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, t\u1eeb th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i, t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n giao c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 cho t\u1edbi gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 kh\u00ed h\u1eadu. \u0110\u00f4i l\u00fac, h\u1ecd b\u00eau t\u00ean Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u00ec nh\u1eefng th\u00f3i quen kh\u00f4ng c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng, \u01b0u ti\u00ean \u00e1p \u0111\u1ea3o c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u1eabn l\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng quan h\u1ec7. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, c\u00e1c quan ch\u1ee9c M\u1ef9 th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean b\u1ecf qua c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh vi tr\u00e1i ph\u00e9p c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c, hay ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a B\u1eafc Kinh li\u00ean quan t\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n nh\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ed9 v\u00ec qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc \u201c\u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n\u201d. M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, B\u1ed9 Qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00ecnh b\u00e1o ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh \u201cph\u00f2ng b\u1ecb\u201d. H\u1ecd c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng duy tr\u00ec \u01b0u th\u1ebf v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1, t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng quan h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng minh v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n b\u00e8 quan tr\u1ecdng - \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 - ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf t\u00ecnh b\u00e1o v\u00e0 l\u00ean k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch xung \u0111\u1ed9t v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 m\u00e0 t\u00ean c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 Voldemort, l\u00e0 th\u1ee9 m\u00e0 h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i ra v\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u0169 kh\u00ed c\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch t\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f3. Th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t, chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 s\u1ebd \u0111i theo v\u1ebft ch\u00e2n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c hay Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n. C\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y, Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hy v\u1ecdng s\u1ebd ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh trong m\u1ed9t tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p do M\u1ef9 d\u1eabn d\u1eaft. Khi b\u1ecb \u00e9p ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e0y l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng khi Trung Qu\u1ed1c tr\u1edf n\u00ean gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 h\u01a1n, n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y s\u1ebd l\u00e3nh ph\u1ea7n tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m l\u1edbn h\u01a1n trong m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 https:\/\/thuviensach.vn","th\u1ed1ng qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf v\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e3 cho ph\u00e9p Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u, v\u00e0 v\u00ec th\u1ebf n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u201cm\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m\u201d*. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n Trung Qu\u1ed1c tr\u1edf n\u00ean gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 h\u01a1n, h\u1ecd s\u1ebd \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi c\u00f3 ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i l\u1edbn h\u01a1n trong c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan t\u1edbi b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n, d\u1ecdn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cho c\u00e1c c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn \u1edf Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 \u0110\u00e0i Loan. Trong su\u1ed1t th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 1970 v\u00e0 1980, khi th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch M\u1ef9 l\u00e0 l\u00e0m sao \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ea1i Li\u00ean X\u00f4, xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 logic nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ea3i t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh cho Trung Qu\u1ed1c b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng kinh t\u1ebf hay th\u1eadm ch\u00ed gi\u00fap n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c t\u00ecnh b\u00e1o. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng, khi Chi\u1ebfn tranh L\u1ea1nh k\u1ebft th\u00fac v\u00e0 Li\u00ean X\u00f4 bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1991, c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c gia M\u1ef9 l\u1ebd ra n\u00ean ch\u00fa \u00fd t\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a Kissinger v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 h\u1ecfi l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m suy y\u1ebfu nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i \u00edch quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9. Thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft l\u1ea1i h\u0103ng h\u00e1i tham gia v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c di\u1ec5u h\u00e0nh chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng \u0111\u1ea7y thi\u1ec3n c\u1eadn v\u00e0 c\u0169ng khi\u1ebfn h\u1ecd nhanh ch\u00f3ng l\u00e3ng qu\u00ean. C\u00e1c tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t \u201ck\u1ef7 nguy\u00ean \u0111\u01a1n c\u1ef1c\u201d m\u1edbi v\u00e0 v\u1ec1 \u201cs\u1ef1 k\u1ebft th\u00fac c\u1ee7a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed\u201d, trong \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia s\u1ebd tu\u00e2n theo k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n m\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9 \u0111\u00e3 v\u1ea1ch s\u1eb5n v\u00e0 ch\u1ecdn l\u1ea5y v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng trong m\u1ed9t tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf do M\u1ef9 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf khi\u1ebfn cho h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u h\u1ee9ng kh\u1edfi. Tr\u00ean b\u1ee9c tranh n\u00e0y, Trung Qu\u1ed1c ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u1ee9 y\u1ebfu. \u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 v\u1ec1 chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u201ccam k\u1ebft nh\u01b0ng ph\u00f2ng b\u1ecb\u201d c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9, L\u00fd Quang Di\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n hai l\u1ed7 h\u1ed5ng ch\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi. \u0110\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, Trung Qu\u1ed1c s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7. Nh\u01b0 \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i th\u1eb3ng th\u1eebng: \u201cN\u1ebfu Trung Qu\u1ed1c l\u00e0m v\u1eady, n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y s\u1ebd s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5.\u201d Th\u1ee9 hai, so s\u00e1nh Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ee9c hay Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecf qua th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf r\u1eb1ng c\u1ea3 \u0110\u1ee9c v\u00e0 Nh\u1eadt tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft l\u00e0 b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ea1i trong m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh n\u00f3ng, b\u1ecb qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i M\u1ef9 chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u00f3ng, v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 huy t\u1ed1i cao M\u1ef9 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd trong m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian sau \u0111\u00f3, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eadm ch\u00ed \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft ra b\u1ea3n hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p m\u1edbi cho c\u1ea3 hai qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, theo l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a L\u00fd Quang Di\u1ec7u, Trung Qu\u1ed1c s\u1ebd kh\u0103ng kh\u0103ng \u201cph\u1ea3i https:\/\/thuviensach.vn","\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh Trung Qu\u1ed1c, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean danh d\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y\u201d. \u0110i\u1ec3m l\u1ea1i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c - Th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn x\u1ea5u nh\u1ea5t M\u1ed9t \u201cchi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c\u201d (trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u201ccam k\u1ebft nh\u01b0ng ph\u00f2ng b\u1ecb\u201d) ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i qua ba \u0111\u1eddi ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n, D\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a, trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00f3 c\u00f3 g\u1ed1c r\u1ec5 t\u1eeb b\u00ean trong c\u1ea3 n\u1ec1n ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb l\u1eabn b\u1ed9 m\u00e1y quan li\u00eau. Kh\u00f4ng ai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nghi ng\u1edd r\u1eb1ng cam k\u1ebft v\u1edbi Trung Qu\u1ed1c gi\u00fap t\u1ea1o ra l\u1ee3i \u00edch r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn cho c\u00e1c t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 v\u1ed1n \u0111ang s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a v\u00e0 cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng M\u1ef9 mua nh\u1eefng h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a \u0111\u00f3. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, ph\u00f2ng b\u1ecb ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia l\u1edbn nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u00e3 cho ph\u00e9p L\u1ea7u N\u0103m G\u00f3c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ec7n lu\u1eadn cho s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch 600 t\u1ef7 \u0111\u00f4 la h\u1eb1ng n\u0103m, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u0169 kh\u00ed ch\u1ee7 ch\u1ed1t m\u00e0 c\u00e1c qu\u00e2n binh ch\u1ee7ng trong qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i \u0111ang v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh. C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c thay th\u1ebf n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c, kh\u1ea3 thi v\u00e0 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i hay kh\u00f4ng. V\u1edbi hy v\u1ecdng k\u00edch th\u00edch tr\u00ed t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3, c\u00e1c quan ch\u1ee9c an ninh qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c trong c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ed1n \u0111ang ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Trung Qu\u1ed1c, ch\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0y s\u1ebd k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1c th\u1ea3o ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn v\u1ec1 b\u1ed1n l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng. Nh\u1eefng l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn n\u00e0y tr\u1ea3i d\u00e0i t\u1eeb th\u00edch \u1ee9ng (v\u1ec1 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n l\u00e0 r\u00fat ra nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a Anh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi M\u1ef9 trong su\u1ed1t th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX) cho t\u1edbi thay \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9, hay th\u1eadm ch\u00ed khi\u1ebfn cho \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 tan r\u00e3 (gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00e0 Anh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m khi \u1ee9ng ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi M\u1ef9 n\u1ebfu London h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 phe Li\u00ean minh Mi\u1ec1n Nam trong N\u1ed9i chi\u1ebfn v\u00e0, nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00e0 M\u1ef9 \u0111ang l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ec3 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch Ukraine ng\u1ea3 v\u00e0o v\u00f2ng tay c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y). H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 th\u00f4 l\u1ed7 ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng kh\u00f4n ngoan, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed l\u00e0 th\u1ea5t s\u00e1ch. Khi \u0111\u1ee9ng c\u00f9ng nhau, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t d\u1ea3i c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n cho n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9 trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u1ee9ng ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111ang tr\u1ed7i d\u1eady. Th\u00edch \u1ee9ng https:\/\/thuviensach.vn","Th\u00edch \u1ee9ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn t\u1eeb ng\u1eef t\u1ed3i. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 th\u01b0\u1eddng hay \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u00edch \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi nh\u00e2n nh\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean hai kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1edbi nhau v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c. Th\u00edch \u1ee9ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c nghi\u00eam t\u00fac nh\u1eb1m th\u00edch nghi v\u1edbi c\u00e1n c\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c m\u1edbi b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh quan h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 nguy hi\u1ec3m - tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng xu th\u1ebf b\u1ea5t l\u1ee3i m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n d\u00f9ng t\u1edbi c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1. Th\u00edch \u1ee9ng c\u00f3 hai d\u1ea1ng: ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng khi c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft v\u00e0 qua \u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c b\u00ean. Ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a Anh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi M\u1ef9 v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XIX v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX - sau khi ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng Anh ph\u1ea3i tr\u00e1nh chi\u1ebfn tranh b\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi c\u00e1ch - l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u201c\u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng khi c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft\u201d. Qua \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea7y hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, v\u1edbi \u00fd th\u1ee9c \u01b0u ti\u00ean r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, gi\u00fap c\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ed1c \u0111ang tr\u1ed7i d\u1eady ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i \u00edch tr\u00f9ng l\u1eb7p. Nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn trong Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 9, \u201cl\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn nh\u1eabn nh\u1ecbn\u201d c\u1ee7a Anh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi M\u1ef9 l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh chi\u1ebfn tranh. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, trong tranh ch\u1ea5p l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 t\u1ea1i Venezuela, Anh cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd v\u1edbi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 r\u1eb1ng Anh ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1n quy\u1ebft d\u1ef1a theo H\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft Monroe. T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, Anh \u0111\u00e3 mi\u1ec5n tr\u1eeb M\u1ef9 kh\u1ecfi Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n Song C\u01b0\u1eddng, trong \u0111\u00f3 cho r\u1eb1ng Anh ph\u1ea3i duy tr\u00ec m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ea3i qu\u00e2n c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh b\u1eb1ng hai \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t c\u1ed9ng l\u1ea1i. Hi\u1ec7p \u01b0\u1edbc Yalta, trong \u0111\u00f3 Roosevelt, Churchill v\u00e0 Stalin v\u1ea1ch ra bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a ch\u00e2u \u00c2u h\u1eadu chi\u1ebfn, minh h\u1ecda cho nh\u1eefng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng (v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 c\u1ea1m b\u1eaby) c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u201cth\u00edch \u1ee9ng qua \u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n\u201d. T\u1ea1i H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb Yalta n\u0103m 1945, M\u1ef9, Anh v\u00e0 Li\u00ean X\u00f4 v\u1ec1 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn hi\u1ec7n tr\u1ea1ng qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. V\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 \u0111o\u00e1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang s\u1ebd xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eafm v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c nh\u00e2n nh\u01b0\u1ee3ng Li\u00ean X\u00f4 qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u, Churchill v\u00e0 Roosevelt \u0111\u00e3 thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c Stalin ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn Tuy\u00ean ng\u00f4n Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng ch\u00e2u \u00c2u - m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00e1c c\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ed1c cam k\u1ebft cho ph\u00e9p b\u1ea7u c\u1eed t\u1ef1 do v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 \u1edf c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia \u0110\u00f4ng \u00c2u - \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a Nga \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh trong n\u0103m 1941 v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Lublin \u1edf Ba Lan do Moscow h\u1eadu thu\u1eabn. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng khi m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00e0i ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd cho ph\u00e9p b\u1ea7u c\u1eed t\u1ef1 do https:\/\/thuviensach.vn","x\u1ea3y ra b\u00ean trong \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng ta \u0111\u00e3 vi ph\u1ea1m th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn \u0111\u00fang nh\u01b0 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n, Roosevelt l\u1ea1i b\u1ecb k\u1ebft t\u1ed9i nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ebb ph\u1ea3n b\u1ed9i. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, n\u1ebfu s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00edch \u1ee9ng, li\u1ec7u M\u1ef9 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf cam k\u1ebft c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u1edbi \u0110\u00e0i Loan \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1ea5y c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n nh\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u1edf Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng v\u00e0 Bi\u1ec3n Hoa \u0110\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng*? Li\u1ec7u M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft chung v\u1ec1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a b\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea3o Tri\u1ec1u Ti\u00ean, trong \u0111\u00f3 M\u1ef9 s\u1ebd r\u00fat to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 binh l\u00ednh ra kh\u1ecfi H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c, \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1ea1i Trung Qu\u1ed1c s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh phi h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n h\u00f3a mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t b\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea3o Tri\u1ec1u Ti\u00ean th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u1ee7a Seoul? Li\u1ec7u M\u1ef9 c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn v\u00f9ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c xung quanh \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y? X\u00f3i m\u00f2n M\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eafm t\u1edbi m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau thay \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00ean trong m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia, hay th\u1eadm ch\u00ed chia \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ecb, s\u1ebd \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi c\u00e1c l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u1edf Washington ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0a tr\u00ed t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111i xa h\u01a1n. N\u1ebfu n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9 c\u00f3 \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0m x\u00f3i m\u00f2n \u0111\u1ecbch th\u1ee7 \u0111ang l\u00ean c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, li\u1ec7u Washington s\u1ebd \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c n\u00e0o? Li\u1ec7u M\u1ef9 c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng khai \u0111\u1eb7t nghi v\u1ea5n v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh ch\u00ednh danh c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Trung Qu\u1ed1c gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1ch m\u00e0 Ronald Reagan \u0111\u00e3 th\u1eb3ng th\u1eebng g\u1ecdi Li\u00ean X\u00f4 l\u00e0 \u201c\u0110\u1ebf ch\u1ebf X\u1ea5u xa\u201d v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1983? \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng t\u1edbi m\u1ee9c c\u1ef1c \u0111oan nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Nh\u01b0 Kevin Rudd \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 ra, c\u00e1c l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o Trung Qu\u1ed1c t\u1eeb l\u00e2u \u0111\u00e3 tin r\u1eb1ng Washington s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn t\u00ednh ch\u00ednh danh c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Trung Qu\u1ed1c*. V\u1eady t\u1ea1i sao ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3 b\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i? V\u00e0 n\u1ebfu c\u00e1c l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o M\u1ef9 \u0111i xa t\u1edbi m\u1ee9c tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Trung Qu\u1ed1c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u0103n c\u01a1, t\u1ea1i sao l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng ti\u1ebfn th\u00eam m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc n\u1eefa v\u00e0 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3? Ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n Trung Qu\u1ed1c kh\u00f4ng x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, nh\u1eefng quy\u1ec1n m\u00e0 Tuy\u00ean ng\u00f4n \u0110\u1ed9c L\u1eadp c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9 cho l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ban ph\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi? N\u1ebfu d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t cho m\u1ecdi qu\u1ed1c gia, v\u1eady t\u1ea1i sao kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c? Ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ec1u bi\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t gi\u1ecfi trong vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7: 23 tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ea1y tr\u1ed1n kh\u1ecfi Mao Tr\u1ea1ch \u0110\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2y https:\/\/thuviensach.vn","d\u1ef1ng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng n\u1ec1n d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 \u1edf \u0110\u00e0i Loan v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e0 n\u1ebfu l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o n\u00e0y s\u1ebd n\u1eb1m trong s\u1ed1 1\/3 qu\u1ed1c gia th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean h\u1ee3p qu\u1ed1c. M\u1ef9 \u0111\u00e3 \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 do t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c b\u1ecf phi\u1ebfu \u0111\u00f2i t\u00e1ch kh\u1ecfi n\u01b0\u1edbc Anh c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Scotland, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Kosovo khi h\u1ecd t\u00e1ch ra kh\u1ecfi Serbia. Nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eb1m chia r\u1ebd Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 khi\u1ebfn cho ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 Trung Qu\u1ed1c m\u1ea5t tinh th\u1ea7n, t\u1ea1i sao M\u1ef9 kh\u00f4ng \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng hay \u0110\u00e0i Loan \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp? Kh\u00f4ng nghi ng\u1edd g\u00ec n\u1eefa, Trung Qu\u1ed1c s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7y b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng, b\u1ecf qua l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn n\u00e0y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecf qua truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 c\u00e1c phong tr\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u1ed1n c\u00f3 t\u1eeb l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9 - th\u1eadm ch\u00ed nhi\u1ec1u khi c\u00f2n kh\u00f4ng m\u00e0ng t\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 - v\u00e0 m\u1ea5t \u0111i \u0111\u00f2n b\u1ea9y c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh. Trung Qu\u1ed1c hi\u1ec7n nay l\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng Internet l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. \u0110i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng minh cho ph\u00e9p ng\u01b0\u1eddi Trung Qu\u1ed1c ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn (trong gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n m\u00e0 ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u01b0a ra) th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra b\u1edfi du l\u1ecbch v\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp c\u1ee7a gi\u1edbi tinh hoa \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i. Khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn, c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n Trung Qu\u1ed1c s\u1ebd th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 trang m\u1ea1ng n\u00e0o m\u00e0 h\u1ecd ch\u1ecdn, mua b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 th\u1ee9 g\u00ec m\u00e0 h\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n v\u00e0 \u0111i l\u1ea1i theo \u00fd th\u00edch. Washington c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng t\u00e2m l\u00fd \u01b0a th\u00edch t\u1ef1 do ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb m\u1edbi ch\u1edbm n\u1edf n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00f2n b\u1ea9y. Trong su\u1ed1t th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 Chi\u1ebfn tranh L\u1ea1nh, M\u1ef9 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch c\u1ea3 c\u00f4ng khai l\u1eabn b\u00ed m\u1eadt nh\u1eb1m l\u00e0m x\u00f3i m\u00f2n t\u00ednh ch\u00ednh danh c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Li\u00ean X\u00f4 v\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng kinh nghi\u1ec7m r\u00fat ra t\u1eeb chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 M\u1ef9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh c\u1eafp v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 r\u00f2 r\u1ec9 th\u00f4ng qua b\u00ean th\u1ee9 ba s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt b\u1ea5t l\u1ee3i v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u1ea1m d\u1ee5ng trong c\u1ea3 qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 l\u1eabn hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o m\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o Trung Qu\u1ed1c hi\u1ec7n nay tr\u1edf n\u00ean gi\u00e0u c\u00f3. M\u1ef9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u00e0 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ednh ki\u1ebfn b\u00ean trong Trung Qu\u1ed1c, nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m t\u1ea1i khu v\u1ef1c ch\u00e2u \u00c2u b\u1ecb chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u00f3ng b\u1edfi Li\u00ean X\u00f4 hay b\u00ean trong ch\u00ednh b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n Li\u00ean X\u00f4 trong su\u1ed1t th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 Chi\u1ebfn tranh L\u1ea1nh. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Trung Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp t\u1ea1i M\u1ef9 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng b\u1ecb ti\u00eam nhi\u1ec5m c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 https:\/\/thuviensach.vn","t\u1ef1 do, nh\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 ph\u00e1p quy\u1ec1n. H\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh k\u00edch \u0111\u1ed9ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb khi h\u1ecd tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 Trung Qu\u1ed1c. Trong m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u1ef1c \u0111oan, c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng M\u1ef9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u00ed m\u1eadt hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m ly khai n\u1ed5i d\u1eady. Nh\u1eefng r\u1ea1n n\u1ee9t trong l\u00f2ng Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n t\u1eeb l\u00e2u. T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng v\u1ec1 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 b\u1ecb chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u00f3ng. T\u00e2n C\u01b0\u01a1ng, m\u1ed9t khu v\u1ef1c H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u1edf ph\u00eda t\u00e2y Trung Qu\u1ed1c, \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t phong tr\u00e0o ly khai kh\u00e1 t\u00edch c\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Duy Ng\u00f4 Nh\u0129, khi h\u1ecd th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u1ed5i d\u1eady \u1edf m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i B\u1eafc Kinh. V\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n t\u1ed1n qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng s\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n \u0110\u00e0i Loan, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t m\u1ea1nh tay c\u1ee7a B\u1eafc Kinh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi H\u1ed3ng K\u00f4ng, ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u0111ang ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111o\u00e1n \u1edf \u0111\u1ea1i l\u1ee5c. Li\u1ec7u s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 cho c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m ly khai n\u00e0y c\u00f3 l\u00f4i B\u1eafc Kinh v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c xung \u0111\u1ed9t v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o c\u1ef1c \u0111oan tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp Trung \u00c1 v\u00e0 Trung \u0110\u00f4ng? N\u1ebfu x\u1ea3y ra, li\u1ec7u cu\u1ed9c xung \u0111\u1ed9t n\u00e0y c\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t v\u0169ng l\u1ea7y t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 cu\u1ed9c can thi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean X\u00f4 v\u00e0o Afghanistan, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m du k\u00edch th\u00e1nh chi\u1ebfn H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o \u201cchi\u1ebfn binh t\u1ef1 do\u201d do M\u1ef9 h\u1eadu thu\u1eabn \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn Li\u00ean X\u00f4 d\u1ea7n ki\u1ec7t qu\u1ec7? N\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c t\u1ebf nh\u1ecb nh\u01b0ng mang t\u00ednh t\u1eadp trung nh\u1eb1m l\u00e0m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt nh\u1eefng m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn s\u00e2u b\u00ean trong c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng nh\u1eb1m \u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t quy\u1ec1n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111o\u00e1n l\u00ean \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi t\u1ef1 do ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ea7n l\u00e0m x\u00f3i m\u00f2n ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch phong tr\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp \u1edf \u0110\u00e0i Loan, T\u00e2n C\u01b0\u01a1ng, T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 H\u1ed3ng K\u00f4ng. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch x\u00e9 l\u1ebb Trung Qu\u1ed1c t\u1eeb b\u00ean trong, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 gi\u1eef cho Trung Qu\u1ed1c ph\u1ea3i b\u1eadn r\u1ed9n gi\u1eef g\u00ecn \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh \u1edf trong n\u01b0\u1edbc, M\u1ef9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c, hay \u00edt nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 tr\u00ec ho\u00e3n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 c\u00e1c th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c m\u00e0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9. Th\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh l\u00e2u d\u00e0i N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1m d\u1eebng \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea7u trong kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian 25 n\u0103m, qua \u0111\u00f3 \u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t nh\u1eefng r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 https:\/\/thuviensach.vn","trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c c\u1ea1nh tranh c\u1ee7a hai n\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 hai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 do theo \u0111u\u1ed5i nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u1edf n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c. T\u1eeb N\u1ec1n h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh 30 n\u0103m m\u00e0 Pericles \u0111\u00e3 k\u00fd k\u1ebft v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Sparta n\u0103m 445 TCN cho t\u1edbi h\u00f2a ho\u00e3n M\u1ef9 - X\u00f4 trong th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 1970, nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 trong su\u1ed1t l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn nh\u1eefng ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh v\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c (nh\u01b0ng t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c) \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng \u01b0u ti\u00ean c\u1ea5p b\u00e1ch h\u01a1n, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed1i n\u1ed9i. S\u1ef1 s\u1eb5n l\u00f2ng c\u1ee7a Nixon v\u00e0 Kissinger trong vi\u1ec7c th\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t nh\u1eefng th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn t\u1ea1o n\u00ean th\u1ee9 m\u00e0 ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 Li\u00ean X\u00f4 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201ch\u00f2a ho\u00e3n\u201d \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd r\u1eb1ng M\u1ef9 c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t qu\u00e3ng ngh\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft nh\u1eefng chia r\u1ebd trong n\u01b0\u1edbc g\u00e2y ra b\u1edfi Chi\u1ebfn tranh Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 phong tr\u00e0o d\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n. Nh\u1eefng th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m SALT (hi\u1ec7p \u01b0\u1edbc H\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf V\u0169 kh\u00ed Chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c), gi\u00fap \u0111\u00f3ng b\u0103ng qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c t\u00ean l\u1eeda h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n ch\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi; Hi\u1ec7p \u01b0\u1edbc ABM (ch\u1ed1ng t\u00ean l\u1eeda \u0111\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea1o), y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u1ed7i b\u00ean c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 t\u1eeb b\u1ecf c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00f2ng th\u1ee7 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i t\u00ean l\u1eeda c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, qua \u0111\u00f3 ng\u1ea5m th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf r\u1eb1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t b\u1edfi b\u00ean c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i; v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn Helsinki, h\u1ee3p th\u1ee9c h\u00f3a s\u1ef1 chia r\u1ebd \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c2u. Nh\u01b0 Kissinger \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch, m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ch\u1ee7 ch\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a h\u00f2a ho\u00e3n ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 t\u00ednh k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i: M\u1ef9 \u0111\u1eb7t \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n th\u1ecfa hi\u1ec7p d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Li\u00ean X\u00f4, bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn \u0110\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ee9c, v\u00e0 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec1m ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a Moscow trong c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u00e0 Washington coi l\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng - bao g\u1ed3m kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn T\u00e2y Berlin v\u00e0 b\u1ecf qua h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng leo thang chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch \u0111\u00e1nh bom c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam. C\u00e1i gi\u00e1 ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u1eabn c\u00f2n chia r\u1ebd v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn tr\u00ean. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ca t\u1ee5ng v\u00ec nh\u1eefng th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp n\u00ean m\u1ed9t tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf m\u1edbi trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ea3 Moscow v\u00e0 Washington \u0111\u1ec1u t\u1eeb b\u1ecf tham v\u1ecdng l\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed5 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c l\u1ea1i nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu c\u00f3 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u00e2u gi\u1edd \u0111\u1ec3 xem x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i n\u00e0o v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 n\u00e0o v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i h\u01a1n. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u1ee9 hai, v\u1ed1n tham gia ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n Reagan v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1981, kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 m\u1ed9t m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn n\u00e0o gi\u1eefa vi\u1ec7c th\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng https:\/\/thuviensach.vn","nh\u1eefng th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn ti\u1ebfp theo v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o Li\u00ean X\u00f4 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a \u201c\u0110\u1ebf ch\u1ebf X\u1ea5u xa\u201d. Trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea7u hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i gi\u1eefa Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 M\u1ef9, c\u1ea3 hai ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi \u00e1p \u0111\u1ea3o trong n\u01b0\u1edbc. X\u00e9t \u0111\u1ebfn quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c cho r\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 x\u1ea3y ra trong h\u00e0ng th\u1eadp ni\u00ean, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed h\u00e0ng th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 thay v\u00ec ch\u1ec9 trong v\u00e0i ng\u00e0y hay v\u00e0i th\u00e1ng, n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00f3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft qua m\u1ed9t b\u00ean trong m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00e0 B\u1eafc Kinh \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Th\u00f4ng c\u00e1o chung Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng H\u1ea3i n\u0103m 1972, v\u1ec1 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n b\u1ecf qua m\u1ed9t b\u00ean v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0110\u00e0i Loan, hay v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1978 khi \u0110\u1eb7ng Ti\u1ec3u B\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t v\u1edbi Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c tranh ch\u1ea5p li\u00ean quan t\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea3o \u1edf Bi\u1ec3n Hoa \u0110\u00f4ng n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00e1c l\u1ea1i trong v\u00f2ng m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf h\u1ec7*. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng \u00edt ki\u00ean nh\u1eabn h\u01a1n. Tuy v\u1eady, b\u1ea3n danh s\u00e1ch c\u00e1c th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t d\u00e0i v\u00e0 phong ph\u00fa: m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7p \u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3ng b\u0103ng tranh ch\u1ea5p \u1edf Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng v\u00e0 Bi\u1ec3n Hoa \u0110\u00f4ng, hi\u1ec7p \u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do h\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c t\u00e0u \u0111i qua t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng bi\u1ec3n qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, hi\u1ec7p \u01b0\u1edbc cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1ea3y ra m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf b\u00ean trong nh\u1eefng khu v\u1ef1c nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf nh\u1eefng khu v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng quan tr\u1ecdng), hay m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7p \u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea5m c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c can thi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0o n\u1ec1n ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i b\u00ean. Nh\u01b0 trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p h\u00f2a ho\u00e3n th\u1eddi Chi\u1ebfn tranh L\u1ea1nh, M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1edbi nhau \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn trao cho m\u1ed7i b\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n th\u1ee9 m\u00e0 h\u1ecd cho l\u00e0 c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb nh\u1ea5t. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, M\u1ef9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd h\u1ea1 th\u1ea5p c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch v\u1ec1 vi ph\u1ea1m nh\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n b\u00e1o c\u00e1o nh\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n h\u1eb1ng n\u0103m c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 Ngo\u1ea1i giao v\u1ec1 Trung Qu\u1ed1c, hay ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ea1t Lai L\u1ea1t Ma \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh vi gi\u00e1n \u0111i\u1ec7p kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c. N\u1ebfu B\u1eafc Kinh s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng di chuy\u1ec3n c\u00e1c t\u00ean l\u1eeda ch\u1ed1ng h\u1ea1m v\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng kh\u00f4ng ra kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea3o \u1edf Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng, Washington c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch do th\u00e1m d\u1ecdc theo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t g\u1ea7n v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 s\u1edf qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o H\u1ea3i Nam nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u t\u1eeb l\u00e2u. Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd https:\/\/thuviensach.vn","d\u1eebng c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng tu\u1ea7n tra th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ec7 g\u1ea7n qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o Senkaku \u1edf Bi\u1ec3n Hoa \u0110\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1ea5y vi\u1ec7c M\u1ef9 ng\u1eebng c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng tu\u1ea7n tra \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u1ef1 do h\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i m\u00e0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c cho l\u00e0 khi\u00eau kh\u00edch tr\u00ean Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng. M\u1ef9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00f3ng b\u0103ng c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng x\u00e2y \u0111\u1ea3o \u1edf Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng, ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i h\u00f3a l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e0u ng\u1ea7m v\u00e0 v\u0169 kh\u00ed di\u1ec7t v\u1ec7 tinh, \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1ea1i M\u1ef9 s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3m t\u1ed1c hay ng\u1eebng h\u1eb3n vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng T\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng L\u1eadp t\u1ee9c To\u00e0n c\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng v\u0169 kh\u00ed th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng (Conventional Prompt Global Strike), tr\u00ec ho\u00e3n vi\u1ec7c tri\u1ec3n khai hay di chuy\u1ec3n c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00f2ng th\u1ee7 t\u00ean l\u1eeda ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn \u1edf H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c tr\u00ean qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o Ho\u00e0ng Sa. M\u1ef9 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf hay th\u1eadm ch\u00ed ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t vi\u1ec7c b\u00e1n v\u0169 kh\u00ed cho \u0110\u00e0i Loan v\u00e0 r\u00fat m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ra kh\u1ecfi H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c n\u1ebfu Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u00e9p bu\u1ed9c B\u00ecnh Nh\u01b0\u1ee1ng ng\u1eebng ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh th\u00eam c\u00e1c v\u1ee5 th\u1eed v\u0169 kh\u00ed h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 t\u00ean l\u1eeda t\u1ea7m xa*. T\u00e1i \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 N\u0103m 2012, T\u1eadp C\u1eadn B\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t v\u1edbi T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Obama r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd s\u1ebd c\u00f9ng nhau t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t \u201cm\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1edbn ki\u1ec3u m\u1edbi\u201d, trong \u0111\u00f3 M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c s\u1ebd t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng c\u00e1c l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a nhau. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi T\u1eadp C\u1eadn B\u00ecnh, \u201cl\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i\u201d c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng v\u00f9ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a nhau, m\u00e0 theo quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng bao g\u1ed3m kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0110\u00e0i Loan v\u00e0 T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 c\u00e1c y\u00eau s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c tr\u00ean to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng. Kh\u00f4ng s\u1eb5n l\u00f2ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn nh\u1eefng n\u1ed9i dung nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n Obama \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y v\u00e0 T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Trump c\u0169ng t\u1ecf ra kh\u00f4ng m\u1ea5y m\u1eb7n m\u00e0*. Tuy nhi\u00ean, M\u1ef9 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang m\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1edbn ki\u1ec3u m\u1edbi. Nh\u1eefng n\u0103m cu\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a Chi\u1ebfn tranh L\u1ea1nh, trong m\u1ed9t bu\u1ed5i n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n ri\u00eang t\u01b0 ch\u1ec9 bao g\u1ed3m s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Reagan, Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch Gorbachev v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi phi\u00ean d\u1ecbch, Reagan \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi: N\u1ebfu Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t b\u1ecb ng\u01b0\u1eddi Sao H\u1ecfa x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c, Li\u00ean X\u00f4 v\u00e0 M\u1ef9 s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? Ban \u0111\u1ea7u, ng\u01b0\u1eddi phi\u00ean d\u1ecbch ph\u00eda Nga hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a Reagan v\u00e0 c\u00e2u d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a anh ta \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean: C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Reagan \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i v\u1edbi Gorbachev r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Sao H\u1ecfa \u0111\u00e3 th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t? Sau https:\/\/thuviensach.vn","khi nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m r\u00f5, Reagan ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c mong mu\u1ed1n t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi. M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng nh\u1eb1m nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i m\u00e0 c\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chia s\u1ebb c\u00f9ng nhau. N\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta \u0111i theo c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn c\u1ee7a Reagan, v\u1eady M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c hi\u1ec7n nay c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng m\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda n\u00e0o t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c x\u00e2m l\u0103ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngo\u00e0i h\u00e0nh tinh - nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng t\u1edbi n\u1ed7i c\u1ea3 hai ph\u00eda bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c chung v\u1edbi nhau? Kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i suy ngh\u0129 qu\u00e1 xa x\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn. C\u00f3 b\u1ed1n \u201cm\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda l\u1edbn\u201d n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt h\u01a1n t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3: t\u1eadn th\u1ebf h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n; h\u1ed7n lo\u1ea1n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n; ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a kh\u1ee7ng b\u1ed1 to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 m\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda t\u1eeb ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a Th\u00e1nh chi\u1ebfn H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o; v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu. B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi m\u1ed7i th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean, nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i \u00edch qu\u1ed1c gia quan tr\u1ecdng m\u00e0 c\u1ea3 hai c\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ed1c c\u00f9ng chia s\u1ebb l\u1edbn h\u01a1n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i \u00edch khi\u1ebfn h\u1ecd chia r\u1ebd. V\u00ec th\u1ee9 logic kh\u00f4ng l\u1ed1i tho\u00e1t c\u1ee7a \u201cs\u1ef1 h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t l\u1eabn nhau ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n\u201d, n\u1ebfu M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea7u trong m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh trong \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1edbi kho v\u0169 kh\u00ed h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, c\u1ea3 hai qu\u1ed1c gia s\u1ebd b\u1ecb x\u00f3a s\u1ed5 kh\u1ecfi b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3. Do v\u1eady, l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i tr\u00e1nh m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. Th\u00eam v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p th\u1ecfa hi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c v\u1edbi nhau \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i con g\u00e0 l\u1eb7p \u0111i l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u00f4 t\u00ecnh d\u1eabn t\u1edbi h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e1ng s\u1ee3. H\u1ed7n lo\u1ea1n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n t\u1ef1 b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n n\u00f3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda l\u1edbn kh\u00e1c. M\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u qu\u1ed1c gia s\u1edf h\u1eefu c\u00e1c kho v\u0169 kh\u00ed h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n l\u1edbn s\u1ebd l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi m\u00e0 trong \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 cu\u1ed9c xung \u0111\u1ed9t s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh xung \u0111\u1ed9t h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 v\u0169 kh\u00ed h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng r\u01a1i v\u00e0o tay kh\u1ee7ng b\u1ed1. M\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n gi\u1eefa \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 v\u00e0 Pakistan c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y \u0111i sinh m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 h\u1ee7y ho\u1ea1i m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. Vi\u1ec7c B\u1eafc Tri\u1ec1u Ti\u00ean b\u00e1n v\u0169 kh\u00ed h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n cho t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c kh\u1ee7ng b\u1ed1 k\u1ebf th\u1eeba al-Qaeda hay cho nh\u1eefng nh\u00f3m kh\u1ee7ng b\u1ed1 \u1edf T\u00e2n C\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ee5 n\u1ed5 bom h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n x\u1ea3y ra \u1edf New York hay B\u1eafc Kinh s\u1ebd l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Kennedy \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn ra m\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda n\u00e0y v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1963, d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n r\u1eb1ng v\u00e0o th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 1970 s\u1ebd c\u00f3 t\u1eeb 25 cho t\u1edbi 30 qu\u1ed1c gia h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n. Hi\u1ec3u \u0111i\u1ec1u https:\/\/thuviensach.vn","\u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n vong v\u00e0 th\u1ecbnh v\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9, \u00f4ng kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn t\u1eadp trung xung quanh hi\u1ec7p \u01b0\u1edbc Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u0169 kh\u00ed h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n. C\u00f9ng nhau, nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ebb cong d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y l\u1ecbch s\u1eed. Ng\u00e0y nay ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 ch\u00edn qu\u1ed1c gia s\u1edf h\u1eefu v\u0169 kh\u00ed h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n, thay v\u00ec 25 hay 30 n\u01b0\u1edbc theo d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n c\u1ee7a Kennedy. Nh\u1edd s\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 Nga, th\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng trong vi\u1ec7c tr\u00ec ho\u00e3n tham v\u1ecdng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a Iran trong v\u00f2ng m\u1ed9t th\u1eadp ni\u00ean ho\u1eb7c h\u01a1n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u0169 kh\u00ed v\u00e0 nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u1edf B\u1eafc Tri\u1ec1u Ti\u00ean v\u00e0 Pakistan, l\u1ea1i gia t\u0103ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 r\u1ee7i ro x\u1ea3y ra c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng b\u1ed1 h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n. Kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c \u1edf v\u1ecb tr\u00ed t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y ngo\u00e0i Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 M\u1ef9, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t n\u1ebfu h\u1ecd c\u00f9ng nhau h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c Nga c\u00f9ng h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c. Gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u0169 kh\u00ed h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n t\u1eeb B\u1eafc Tri\u1ec1u Ti\u00ean v\u00e0 Pakistan s\u1ebd l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m \u0111i kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng r\u1ee7i ro x\u1ea3y ra kh\u1ee7ng b\u1ed1 h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n x\u00f3a b\u1ecf \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u0169 kh\u00ed h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n \u1edf nh\u1eefng qu\u1ed1c gia nh\u01b0 H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c hay Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng, n\u1ebfu th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ebd ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t qu\u1ea3 bom h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n ph\u00e1t n\u1ed5 \u1edf m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 nh\u01b0 Mumbai, Jakarta, Los Angeles, hay Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng H\u1ea3i \u1edf m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 trong cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi m\u00ecnh. C\u00e1c d\u1ea1ng th\u1ee9c si\u00eau kh\u1ee7ng b\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u00edt nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n, c\u0169ng t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u1ea3 M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c. S\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 mang t\u00ednh ti\u00ean phong trong n\u1eeda sau th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd \u0111\u1ec3 cho ra \u0111\u1eddi d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9, t\u1eeb chip m\u00e1y t\u00ednh v\u00e0 Internet cho t\u1edbi bom h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n. C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u1ea3y ra trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XXI ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 gen v\u00e0 sinh h\u1ecdc t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p, cho ph\u00e9p ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed1c k\u1ef3 di\u1ec7u ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ch\u1ee7ng ung th\u01b0 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i v\u0169 kh\u00ed sinh h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111i\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ebft ch\u1ebft h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m ngh\u00ecn ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Ch\u00ednh t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 cho ch\u00fang ta m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 sinh \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 nguy hi\u1ec3m n\u00e0y th\u00f4ng qua \u0111\u1ea1i d\u1ecbch SARS v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2003 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i d\u1ecbch Ebola \u1edf ch\u00e2u Phi n\u0103m 2014. B\u00e2y gi\u1edd, h\u00e3y th\u1eed t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ed9t t\u00ean kh\u1ee7ng b\u1ed1 \u0111ang \u1edf trong ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7ng vi khu\u1ea9n \u0111\u1eadu m\u00f9a c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1ng l\u1ea1i kh\u00e1ng sinh v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 h\u1eafn ta gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng lo\u1ea1i vi khu\u1ea9n n\u00e0y \u1edf m\u1ed9t s\u00e2n bay t\u1ea1i C\u00f4n Minh ho\u1eb7c Chicago. Ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01a1n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00f4ng https:\/\/thuviensach.vn","th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi m\u1ed1i nguy hi\u1ec3m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. H\u1ee3p t\u00e1c s\u00e2u r\u1ed9ng th\u00f4ng qua chia s\u1ebb th\u00f4ng tin t\u00ecnh b\u00e1o song ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u01b0 Interpol v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp n\u00ean nh\u1eefng quy chu\u1ea9n to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u s\u1ebd l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i t\u1ed1i quan tr\u1ecdng. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u1ee9 t\u01b0 trong k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n t\u1eadn th\u1ebf ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng n\u00e0y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i kh\u00ed nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng ngh\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00e0 kh\u00ed h\u1eadu to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u s\u1ebd tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o r\u1eb1ng khi kh\u00ed nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea1t ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng 450ppm, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 trung b\u00ecnh to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u gia t\u0103ng 3\u00b0F, g\u00e2y ra nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ea3m kh\u1ed1c. N\u1ebfu ch\u1ec9 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01a1n l\u1ebb, c\u1ea3 M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00ec b\u00ean trong \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi th\u1ea3m h\u1ecda di\u1ec5n ti\u1ebfn ch\u1eadm ch\u1ea1p n\u00e0y. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 M\u1ef9 l\u00e0 hai qu\u1ed1c gia ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i carbon h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u, n\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t trong hai n\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i xu\u1ed1ng con s\u1ed1 0, trong khi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c xu h\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1edbi kh\u00ed h\u1eadu to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u s\u1ebd ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n b\u1ecb tr\u00ec ho\u00e3n trong v\u00e0i n\u0103m. Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch T\u1eadp C\u1eadn B\u00ecnh v\u00e0 T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Obama \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn ra th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf n\u00e0y th\u00f4ng qua vi\u1ec7c k\u00fd k\u1ebft th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn M\u1ef9 - Trung d\u1eabn t\u1edbi Hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh Paris n\u0103m 2016, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i carbon cho t\u1edbi n\u0103m 2030 v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i. V\u00e0 m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 \u0103n m\u1eebng hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y, c\u00f3 hai th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n. Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau trong hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 thi. Th\u1ee9 hai, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed n\u1ebfu t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng \u1ea5m l\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u v\u1eabn s\u1ebd tr\u1edf n\u00ean t\u1ed3i t\u1ec7 h\u01a1n (m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u1edf t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u1eadm h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m g\u00ec)*. V\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 hai n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t - v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c - \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1eabn d\u1eaft c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia tho\u00e1t ra kh\u1ecfi cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng mang t\u00ednh s\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n n\u00e0y. B\u1ed1n th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y c\u00f3 v\u1ebb \u0111\u00e1ng s\u1ee3, hay th\u1eadm ch\u00ed l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng, may m\u1eafn thay, m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i m\u00e0 trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c b\u00ean c\u00f9ng th\u1eafng lu\u00f4n s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng minh l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c v\u00e0 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y Trung Qu\u1ed1c l\u1eabn M\u1ef9 c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ee9ng l\u00ean ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda l\u1edbn h\u01a1n. https:\/\/thuviensach.vn","Th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc b\u00e1nh l\u1edbn h\u01a1n v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng mi\u1ebfng b\u00e1nh l\u1edbn h\u01a1n cho c\u1ea3 hai qu\u1ed1c gia. Tuy nhi\u00ean, chi\u1ebfc b\u00e1nh \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia s\u1ebb nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o gi\u1eefa h\u1ecd v\u1edbi nhau, gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 b\u00ean trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00e1c d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng tranh c\u00e3i m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd. \u1ee6ng h\u1ed9 h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp kinh t\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean n\u1eefa, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t khi ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi tin r\u1eb1ng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u h\u00f3a \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecf h\u1ecd l\u1ea1i ph\u00eda sau, th\u1ed5i b\u00f9ng s\u1ef1 tr\u1ed7i d\u1eady c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a d\u00e2n t\u00fay, ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c v\u00e0 t\u00e2m l\u00fd b\u00e0i ngo\u1ea1i. M\u1eb7c cho nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t, M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i \u00edch chung trong vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nh\u1eefng l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111ang ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng tr\u1ed7i d\u1eady n\u00e0y v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ea3o l\u1ed9n n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a kinh t\u1ebf to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. M\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf kh\u00f3 n\u1eafm b\u1eaft h\u01a1n nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n c\u00f3 th\u1eadt ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 tr\u1ed7i d\u1eady c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u b\u00ean trong nh\u00f3m nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 v\u00e0 n\u0103ng n\u1ed5 nh\u1ea5t h\u00e0nh tinh. \u1ede m\u1ed9t m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng th\u1ea5y trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f9ng nhau chia s\u1ebb nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c, chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 h\u00e0nh vi. M\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi th\u00f4ng tin c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t \u1edf kh\u1eafp m\u1ecdi n\u01a1i khi\u1ebfn cho Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t b\u1ecb thu nh\u1ecf l\u1ea1i, cho ph\u00e9p gi\u1edbi tinh hoa to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 v\u00e0 g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c. \u0110i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng minh k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p t\u1eeb kh\u1eafp m\u1ecdi ng\u00f5 ng\u00e1ch tr\u00ean h\u00e0nh tinh. Nh\u1eefng v\u1ee5 n\u1ed5, nh\u1eefng c\u01a1n cu\u1ed3ng phong v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 m\u1edbi \u1edf b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 \u0111\u00e2u c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1edbi nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u1edf kh\u1eafp m\u1ecdi n\u01a1i. Nh\u1eefng tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m t\u1edbi t\u1eeb ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng x\u00ea d\u1ecbch, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u1edf gi\u1edbi tinh hoa m\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u1edf nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i r\u1ea5t ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn. Kho\u1ea3ng 800.000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Trung Qu\u1ed1c t\u00e0i gi\u1ecfi v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng minh nh\u1ea5t h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i, trong \u0111\u00f3 300.000 sinh vi\u00ean \u0111ang h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp \u1edf M\u1ef9. H\u00e3y d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat \u0111\u1ec3 ngh\u0129 t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf r\u1eb1ng Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch Trung Qu\u1ed1c hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 v\u1ee3 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 g\u1eedi ng\u01b0\u1eddi con g\u00e1i duy nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh t\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u0169 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Thanh Hoa, m\u00e0 t\u1edbi Harvard, n\u01a1i c\u00f4 g\u00e1i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2014. L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o m\u00e0 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 \u0111ang tr\u1ed7i d\u1eady c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo \u201cch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf\u201d c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi xu h\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c v\u00e0 d\u00e2n t\u00fay c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n h\u1ecd ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi l\u1edbn. Vi\u1ec7c t\u00ecm ra nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c m\u00e0 qua \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ef1 th\u1ea5u hi\u1ec3u th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c m\u1edbi v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ea7y h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn. https:\/\/thuviensach.vn","K\u1ebeT LU\u1eacN N\u1ebfu l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 l\u00e0 h\u1eefu d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ai mong mu\u1ed1n c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn v\u1ec1 qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai - m\u1ed9t t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 li\u00ean quan t\u1edbi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00ec c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i song h\u00e0nh v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u00f3 - th\u00ec t\u00f4i c\u0169ng th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n r\u1ed3i. Thucydides, L\u1ecbch s\u1eed Chi\u1ebfn tranh Peloponnese D\u1ea1y h\u1ecdc \u1edf Harvard trong n\u0103m th\u1eadp ni\u00ean, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn sinh vi\u00ean v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 \u01b0u t\u00fa \u0111\u1ebfn r\u1ed3i \u0111i. H\u00e0ng tr\u0103m ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ee9a h\u1eb9n s\u1ebd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m n\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i, nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd l\u1ea1i g\u00e2y th\u1ea5t v\u1ecdng, trong khi h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c v\u1ed1n s\u1edf h\u1eefu \u00edt l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf h\u01a1n l\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng. Nh\u1eefng \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ban \u0111\u1ea7u th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e1nh l\u1eeba b\u1ea1n v\u00e0 qu\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c th\u01b0\u1eddng r\u1ebd theo nh\u1eefng h\u01b0\u1edbng b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd v\u00e0 l\u1eaft l\u00e9o. Henry Kissinger l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u. Khi t\u00f4i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u h\u1ecdc cao h\u1ecdc t\u1ea1i Harvard v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1964, \u00f4ng \u1ea5y l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i. Kissinger sinh ra trong m\u1ed9t gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u00f3 b\u1ed1 m\u1eb9 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Do Th\u00e1i t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n nh\u1ecf \u1edf \u0110\u1ee9c, tr\u1ed1n ch\u1ea1y \u0110\u1ee9c Qu\u1ed1c x\u00e3 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch di c\u01b0 t\u1edbi M\u1ef9, ghi danh v\u00e0o qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i, \u0111i h\u1ecdc t\u1ea1i Harvard theo c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1o lu\u1eadt G.I (hay c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1o lu\u1eadt T\u00e1i \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh C\u1ef1u binh), v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o s\u01b0. Li\u1ec7u \u00f4ng \u1ea5y c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ed1 ph\u1eadn l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n an ninh qu\u1ed1c gia M\u1ef9, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi Nixon v\u1ea1ch ra qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u00edch l\u1ea1i g\u1ea7n Trung Qu\u1ed1c? B\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ai c\u00f3 suy ngh\u0129 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1940 v\u00e0 1950 c\u00f3 l\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ea7n kinh b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng. V\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 v\u1edbi Bill Gates, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u1ec9 h\u1ecdc Harvard ch\u1ec9 sau hai n\u0103m \u0111\u1ec3 theo \u0111u\u1ed5i \u0111am m\u00ea v\u1edbi m\u00e1y t\u00ednh tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi l\u1eadp n\u00ean Microsoft. Hay Mark Zuckerberg, m\u1ed9t sinh vi\u00ean b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e3 d\u00e0nh h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft th\u1eddi gian c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 tr\u1ef1c https:\/\/thuviensach.vn","tuy\u1ebfn gi\u00fap nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n c\u00f9ng k\u00fd t\u00fac x\u00e1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1eef li\u00ean l\u1ea1c, \u0111\u1ec3 r\u1ed3i sau n\u00e0y b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh Facebook. Ch\u00fang ta n\u00ean hi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u00ean nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? Nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 so\u1ea1n k\u1ecbch v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi Hy L\u1ea1p nh\u01b0 Sophocles, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1edf bi k\u1ecbch \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb v\u0103n \u0111\u00e0n Hy L\u1ea1p c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i, cho r\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 ph\u1eadn ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi. Trong nh\u1eefng v\u1edf k\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, c\u00e1c v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1eb5n vi\u1ec7c Oedipus gi\u1ebft ch\u1ebft cha c\u1ee7a anh ta v\u00e0 l\u1ea5y ch\u00ednh ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eb9 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Trong vai tr\u00f2 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111o\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a Oedipus, anh ta kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u1ed1i tho\u00e1t n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng, Thucydides kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00ecnh. \u00d4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t quan ni\u1ec7m ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 li\u00ean quan t\u1edbi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Th\u1eadt v\u1eady, Thucydides \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0nh h\u1ecdc l\u1ecbch s\u1eed m\u1edbi m\u00e0 trong \u0111\u00f3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00e1c v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n, m\u1edbi l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng di\u1ec5n vi\u00ean ch\u00ednh. S\u1ed1 ph\u1eadn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 b\u00ean chia b\u00e0i, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00ednh con ng\u01b0\u1eddi quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1nh nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, \u0111i nh\u1eefng l\u00e1 b\u00e0i n\u00e0o. L\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a Thucydides cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t chi gh\u00e9p th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn m\u00e0 Pericles v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Athens c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean \u00fd ch\u00ed c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh h\u1ecd. Nh\u1eefng l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn kh\u00e1c nhau s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 kh\u00e1c nhau. M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a Thucydides trong vi\u1ec7c t\u00e1i d\u1ef1ng l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c tranh c\u00e3i trong Ngh\u1ecb h\u1ed9i l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ea1y cho c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh kh\u00e1ch t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1eebng n\u00ean ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn s\u1ed1 ph\u1eadn, m\u00e0 h\u00e3y \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u1eefng l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn kh\u00f4n ngoan h\u01a1n. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Athens \u0111\u00e1ng l\u1ebd \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng lao v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh v\u1edbi Sparta v\u00e0o n\u0103m 430 TCN. Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, g\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda Ngh\u1ecb h\u1ed9i ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp n\u00ean li\u00ean minh ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n d\u1eabn t\u1edbi chi\u1ebfn tranh. Ch\u1eb3ng l\u1ebd Pericles, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 th\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng N\u1ec1n h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh 30 n\u0103m, l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cu\u1ed9c xung \u0111\u1ed9t gi\u1eefa Corinth v\u00e0 Corcyra \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i nh\u1eb1m th\u00e1o ng\u00f2i n\u1ed5 c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi n\u00f3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t ra ngo\u00e0i t\u1ea7m ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t v\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n? Sau Th\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn I, Th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng \u0110\u1ee9c d\u01b0\u1edbi quy\u1ec1n Ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf Wilhelm II l\u00e0 Bethmann Hollweg \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng \u0111\u00f9n \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ecdi tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m li\u00ean quan t\u1edbi h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed5 th\u1eeba cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn gi\u1eefa \u0110\u1ee9c v\u00e0 Anh cho nh\u1eefng l\u00e1 b\u00e0i. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng qu\u00e2n b\u00e0i \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o kh\u00f4n kh\u00e9o nh\u01b0 Bismarck c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ra nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ed3ng https:\/\/thuviensach.vn","minh b\u00ed m\u1eadt gi\u1eefa \u0110\u1ee9c v\u00e0 Nga, hay th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi Anh \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba xung \u0111\u1ed9t. N\u0103m 1936, Hitler vi ph\u1ea1m hi\u1ec7p \u01b0\u1edbc Versailles v\u00e0 \u0111e d\u1ecda to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 ch\u00e2u \u00c2u v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c t\u00e1i qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 h\u00f3a v\u00f9ng Rhineland. N\u1ebfu Anh v\u00e0 Ph\u00e1p quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh g\u1eedi m\u1ed9t s\u01b0 \u0111o\u00e0n b\u1ed9 binh t\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o th\u1ef1c thi hi\u1ec7p \u01b0\u1edbc - nh\u01b0 Churchill \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3 - c\u00f3 l\u1ebd qu\u00e2n \u0110\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e3 r\u00fat lui v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb t\u01b0\u1edbng l\u0129nh \u0110\u1ee9c (nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i \u0111\u1ea7y r\u1ee7i ro c\u1ee7a Hitler) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ebd l\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed5 \u00f4ng ta v\u00e0 Th\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn II s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd x\u1ea3y ra. Kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng T\u00ean l\u1eeda Cuba l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 mang t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd nh\u1ea5t trong m\u1ecdi tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eafc t\u1edbi - v\u00e0 c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0a ra nhi\u1ec1u b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc h\u1eefu \u00edch c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan t\u1edbi th\u1ebf l\u01b0\u1ee1ng nan M\u1ef9 - Trung hi\u1ec7n nay. T\u1eeb nh\u1eefng ghi ch\u00e9p v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i m\u00e0 M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 Li\u00ean X\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn, kh\u00f4ng kh\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn ra kho\u1ea3ng m\u1ed9t t\u00e1 nh\u1eefng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng k\u1ebft th\u00fac b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y c\u1ea3 Washington v\u00e0 Moscow. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u1ed9t phi c\u00f4ng Th\u1ed5 Nh\u0129 K\u1ef3 hay \u0110\u1ee9c thu\u1ed9c NATO \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y bay n\u00e9m bom F-100 trang b\u1ecb bom h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 - d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n anh ta - do nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn hay do m\u1ea5t tr\u00ed, th\u1ea3 bom xu\u1ed1ng Moscow. M\u1ed9t t\u00e0u ng\u1ea7m Li\u00ean X\u00f4 trang b\u1ecb n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ea1n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n \u1edf khu v\u1ef1c Caribe c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn sai l\u1ec7ch c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u1ed1ng ng\u1ea7m c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n. V\u1ecb ch\u1ec9 huy kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ee3i s\u1ef1 cho ph\u00e9p t\u1eeb c\u1ea5p tr\u00ean hay b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 m\u1eadt m\u00e3 n\u00e0o t\u1eeb Moscow \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00f3ng v\u0169 kh\u00ed c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng ta v\u00e0o c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9. \u0110\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t r\u1ee7i ro kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea7u h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n, Kennedy li\u00ean t\u1ee5c b\u1ecf qua s\u1ef1 h\u1ed1i th\u00fac c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n, thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn cho ph\u00e9p Khrushchev c\u00f3 th\u00eam th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 suy x\u00e9t, th\u00edch \u1ee9ng v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh. V\u00ec th\u1ebf khi m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y bay do th\u00e1m U-2 c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 b\u1ecb b\u1eafn r\u01a1i tr\u00ean v\u00f9ng tr\u1eddi Cuba v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y th\u1ee9 b\u1ea3y cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng, Kennedy \u0111\u00e3 ra l\u1ec7nh ho\u00e3n m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1p tr\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec3 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i ngo\u1ea1i giao cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng. B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m \u0111\u00f3, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebf ra m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i cocktail ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed9c nh\u1ea5t v\u00f4 nh\u1ecb bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn c\u00f4ng khai, m\u1ed9t t\u1ed1i h\u1eadu th\u01b0 mang t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat ch\u1ea5t t\u1ea1o ng\u1ecdt b\u00ed m\u1eadt - t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean m\u00e0 h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean trong H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng An ninh Qu\u1ed1c https:\/\/thuviensach.vn","gia c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra. N\u1ebfu Khrushchev \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd r\u00fat t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 t\u00ean l\u1eeda ra kh\u1ecfi Cuba (v\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00f4ng ta xem l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 Cuba tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9), M\u1ef9 s\u1ebd h\u1ee9a s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o. T\u1ed1i h\u1eadu th\u01b0 d\u01b0\u1edbi danh ngh\u0129a c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n cho Khrushchev kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian 24 gi\u1edd \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed3i \u00e2m, sau \u0111\u00f3 M\u1ef9 \u0111e d\u1ecda s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh kh\u00f4ng k\u00edch \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 t\u00ean l\u1eeda. V\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t t\u1ea1o ng\u1ecdt b\u00ed m\u1eadt kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng trao \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di\u1ec5n ra, nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu Li\u00ean X\u00f4 r\u00fat h\u1ebft l\u00ean l\u1eeda kh\u1ecfi Cuba, M\u1ef9 c\u0169ng s\u1ebd r\u00fat to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 t\u00ean l\u1eeda kh\u1ecfi Th\u1ed5 Nh\u0129 K\u1ef3 trong v\u00f2ng s\u00e1u th\u00e1ng. John F. Kennedy bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea7u ki\u1ec3u nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i gi\u00e1 kh\u00e1 cao, bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ea3i th\u1ecfa hi\u1ec7p m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m, ho\u1eb7c tr\u00ec ho\u00e3n m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng t\u1edbi m\u1ee9c qu\u00e1 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng quan tr\u1ecdng. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1i gi\u00e1 ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 l\u00e0 x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng. Theo \u00f4ng, b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng r\u00fat ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb Kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng T\u00ean l\u1eeda Cuba l\u00e0: \u201cTr\u00ean t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3, trong khi b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00e1c l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, c\u00e1c c\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ed1c h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1ed1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00e9p bu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn r\u00fat lui trong t\u1ee7i nh\u1ee5c, ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n.\u201d \u0110\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn kh\u00f4n ngoan t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o M\u1ef9 s\u1ebd c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ea3i suy ngh\u0129 nghi\u00eam t\u00fac v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u0103m ch\u1ec9 h\u01a1n n\u1eefa. H\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi b\u1ed1n \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i sau: X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 c\u00e1c l\u1ee3i \u00edch s\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n Mu\u1ed1n b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00e1c l\u1ee3i \u00edch s\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9 th\u00ec tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a ch\u00fang l\u00e0 g\u00ec tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3. \u01afu ti\u00ean t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ch\u1eb3ng \u01b0u ti\u00ean th\u1ee9 g\u00ec c\u1ea3. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u00e2y l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean \u1edf Washington. Trong m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t s\u1eed thi kh\u00f4ng k\u00e9m g\u00ec c\u1ea1nh tranh gi\u1eefa Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 M\u1ef9, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o M\u1ef9 ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i \u00edch s\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n gi\u1eefa m\u1edb h\u1ed7n \u0111\u1ed9n s\u1eb7c s\u1ee1 b\u1eaft m\u1eaft. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, duy tr\u00ec nh\u1eefng \u01b0u th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 t\u1ea1i T\u00e2y Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ee3i \u00edch qu\u1ed1c gia s\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n? Li\u1ec7u M\u1ef9 c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u201cg\u00e1nh ch\u1ecbu m\u1ecdi g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n Trung Qu\u1ed1c chi\u1ebfm gi\u1eef c\u00e1c https:\/\/thuviensach.vn","\u0111\u1ea3o \u1edf Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng, hay th\u1eadm ch\u00ed l\u00e0 gi\u00e0nh l\u1ea1i \u0110\u00e0i Loan? \u0110\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi tu t\u1eeb. C\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u1ecba ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb - hay th\u1eadm ch\u00ed l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng - kh\u00f4ng g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi \u01b0u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn s\u1ebd th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i. Tri\u1ebft gia ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c Nietzsche \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea1y ch\u00fang ta r\u1eb1ng \u201ch\u00ecnh th\u00e1i ngu mu\u1ed9i th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 qu\u00ean \u0111i nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00e0 m\u00ecnh \u0111ang c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n\u201d. Suy x\u00e9t m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9 tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m g\u00ec t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n m\u1ec7nh l\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 th\u00f4ng th\u00e1i th\u1eddi Chi\u1ebfn tranh L\u1ea1nh. Nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eafc trong Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 9, m\u1ec7nh l\u1ec7nh \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9 \u201cnh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia t\u1ef1 do v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng thi\u1ebft ch\u1ebf v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u0103n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o to\u00e0n\u201d. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ea3i b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 y\u00eau s\u00e1ch n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a Philippines hay Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u1edf Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng. N\u00f3 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng bao g\u1ed3m y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ph\u1ea3i b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 Philippines. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng, n\u00f3 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i tr\u00e1nh m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n v\u1edbi Trung Qu\u1ed1c. Hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111ang c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng l\u00e0m nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u00c1p d\u1ee5ng logic t\u1eeb l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean c\u1ee7a Kennedy, gi\u1edbi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o M\u1ef9 ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c. M\u1eb7c cho nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi l\u1ebd c\u1ee9ng r\u1eafn c\u1ee7a Khrushchev, khi b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea7u tr\u1ef1c di\u1ec7n, \u00f4ng ta \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng m\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ed9 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u0169 kh\u00ed h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n \u1edf Cuba. T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 l\u00fd lu\u1eadn kh\u00e9t ti\u1ebfng nh\u01b0 Mao Tr\u1ea1ch \u0110\u00f4ng c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t l\u00e3o luy\u1ec7n trong vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn t\u1eeb b\u1ecf b\u1edbt l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf n\u1ebfu \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c. T\u1eadp C\u1eadn B\u00ecnh v\u00e0 Donald Trump \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng y\u00eau s\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed1i \u0111a h\u00f3a v\u1ec1 l\u1ee3i \u00edch. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng c\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng chuy\u00ean gia \u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n. Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 M\u1ef9 c\u00e0ng hi\u1ec3u nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c th\u00ec h\u1ecd c\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft nh\u1eefng b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u00f2n t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 t\u00e2m l\u00fd: th\u1eadm ch\u00ed nh\u1eefng quan ch\u1ee9c d\u00e0y d\u1ea1n \u1edf B\u1ed9 Ngo\u1ea1i giao nhi\u1ec1u khi c\u0169ng nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn khi cho r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c l\u1ee3i \u00edch s\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c l\u00e0 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 M\u1ef9. C\u00f3 l\u1ebd h\u1ecd n\u00ean \u0111\u1ecdc T\u00f4n T\u1eed: \u201cN\u1ebfu ta bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 v\u1ec1 k\u1ebb th\u00f9 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n m\u00ecnh th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i v\u1ec1 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m tr\u1eadn chi\u1ebfn. N\u1ebfu ta bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 https:\/\/thuviensach.vn","b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7, v\u1edbi m\u1ed7i chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng ta s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eadn l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft g\u00ec v\u1ec1 c\u1ea3 b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n l\u1eabn \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7, ta s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn thua cu\u1ed9c trong m\u1ecdi tr\u1eadn chi\u1ebfn.\u201d Chi\u1ebfn tranh L\u1ea1nh th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft t\u1edbi nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn nguy hi\u1ec3m trong quan h\u1ec7 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf - th\u1ee9 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00e1nh xa b\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi gi\u00e1. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng, 1\/4 th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 sau khi Li\u00ean X\u00f4 tan r\u00e3 (v\u00e0 \u1edf th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng m\u1ed1i quan ng\u1ea1i c\u0169 gi\u1eefa Washington v\u00e0 Moscow m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa tr\u1ed7i d\u1eady), vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c trong m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 M\u1ef9 - X\u00f4 l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. Kh\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh th\u1eadt s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ra m\u01a1 h\u1ed3, c\u00f2n th\u1eadt th\u00e0 l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng khi\u1ebfn cho m\u1ecdi vi\u1ec7c tr\u1edf n\u00ean r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. Kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3i nh\u1eefng c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb nh\u01b0 \u201cCh\u00fang ta s\u1ebd ch\u00f4n c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi!\u201d v\u00e0 \u201c\u0110\u1ebf ch\u1ebf X\u1ea5u xa\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 cho th\u1ea5y v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 hai b\u00ean l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng, ng\u00f4n t\u1eeb gay g\u1eaft nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean kh\u00f4ng khi\u1ebfn cho nh\u1eefng k\u00eanh li\u00ean l\u1ea1c h\u1eefu \u00edch hay nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i th\u1eb3ng th\u1eafn, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u1ecfa hi\u1ec7p mang t\u00ednh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng b\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3ng b\u0103ng. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3, nh\u1eefng tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean gi\u00fap cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh th\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c b\u1edfi n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c. Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 M\u1ef9 s\u1ebd th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng h\u01a1n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i nh\u1edd \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u201cngo\u1ea1i giao n\u00ean v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean\u201d (k\u00eau g\u1ecdi b\u00ean kia ph\u1ea3i th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh vi t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n) hay \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng l\u1ed1i n\u00f3i hoa m\u1ef9 nghe c\u00f3 v\u1ebb cao qu\u00fd v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ecba ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, m\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c theo \u0111u\u1ed5i l\u1ee3i \u00edch qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e2m t\u1edbi b\u00ean c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i. Trong c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 r\u1ee7i ro cao, t\u00ednh d\u1ec5 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n v\u00e0 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh - ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u00ecnh b\u1ea1n - l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t. M\u1ef9 c\u1ea7n ng\u1eebng ch\u01a1i tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i \u201ch\u00e3y gi\u1ea3 v\u1edd nh\u01b0\u201d. Nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y trong Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 1, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3 v\u1edd r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 tr\u1ed7i d\u1eady c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c kh\u00f4ng th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 ngo\u1ea1n m\u1ee5c. H\u1ecd c\u0169ng gi\u1ea3 v\u1edd v\u1ec1 l\u00fd do Trung Qu\u1ed1c ph\u1ea3i t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf. \u0110\u00fang v\u1eady, s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n vong c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n cao. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng s\u1ef1 tr\u1ed7i d\u1eady c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 c\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ed1c s\u1ed1 M\u1ed9t th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 nhu c\u1ea7u ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi quan mang xu h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1eb3ng bao b\u1ecdc b\u1edfi b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc Trung Qu\u1ed1c. Trong \u201cB\u1ee9c th\u01b0 g\u1eedi c\u00e1c con t\u00f4i, Whittaker Chambers ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 th\u1ee9 m\u00e0 \u00f4ng c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng: \u0110\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 th\u1ee9 t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng thay th\u1ebf v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a https:\/\/thuviensach.vn","nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i\u2026 \u0110\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 vi\u1ec5n ki\u1ebfn trong t\u00e2m tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eb1m thay th\u1ebf Ch\u00faa nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 tr\u00ed th\u00f4ng minh s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. N\u00f3 l\u00e0 th\u1ee9 t\u00e2m tr\u00ed \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec5n ki\u1ebfn con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ch\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh t\u1edbi t\u1eeb tr\u00ed th\u00f4ng minh l\u00fd t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, t\u00e1i \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng s\u1ed1 ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 t\u00e1i t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3\u201d.* Trong khi T\u1eadp C\u1eadn B\u00ecnh v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng quan ch\u1ee9c trong \u0110\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n rao gi\u1ea3ng v\u1ec1 h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft Marx - Lenin, \u0111\u1eebng n\u00ean b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e1nh l\u1eeba v\u1edbi suy ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t phong tr\u00e0o h\u1eadu \u00fd th\u1ee9c h\u1ec7 ch\u1ec9 quan t\u00e2m t\u1edbi quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh n\u00f3. Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 7 \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u0103n minh kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t chia r\u1ebd s\u00e2u s\u1eafc Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng m\u1ea5y d\u1ec5 ch\u1ecbu m\u00e0 ng\u00e0nh ngo\u1ea1i giao th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean ph\u1edbt l\u1edd. L\u00e0m chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ede Washington hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, t\u01b0 duy chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ecb g\u1ea1t ra ngo\u00e0i l\u1ec1, hay th\u1eadm ch\u00ed b\u1ecb m\u1ec9a mai. T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Clinton \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng c\u00f3 l\u1ea7n \u0111\u0103m chi\u00eau r\u1eb1ng trong m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhanh ch\u00f3ng nh\u01b0 hi\u1ec7n nay, ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed1i ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a nh\u1ea1c jazz: ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt \u1ee9ng bi\u1ebfn. M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 ngu ng\u1ed1c nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng th\u00f4ng minh nh\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9 - Barack Obama - ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng r\u1eb1ng v\u1edbi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 thay \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u01b0 hi\u1ec7n nay, \u201cT\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t George Kennan.\u201d M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 vi\u1ec7c c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng n\u00ean chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o cho th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng, s\u1ef1 thi\u1ebfu v\u1eafng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ed1 k\u1ebft v\u00e0 b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn d\u1eabn t\u1edbi th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u1edf Washington ng\u00e0y nay th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f2n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3 v\u1edd coi chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng. Thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c g\u00e2y ra b\u1edfi Trung Qu\u1ed1c, Nga hay ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a Th\u00e1nh chi\u1ebfn H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o, h\u1ecd n\u00f3i: \u201cNh\u1eefng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i bao g\u1ed3m\u2026\u201d C\u00e1c v\u0103n b\u1ea3n chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c an ninh qu\u1ed1c gia ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c b\u1ecb ph\u1edbt l\u1edd. Trong th\u1eadp ni\u00ean v\u1eeba qua, t\u00f4i ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng g\u1eb7p b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean cao c\u1ea5p n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m an ninh qu\u1ed1c gia M\u1ef9 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng \u0111\u1ecdc qua t\u1ea5t c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c an ninh qu\u1ed1c gia ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c. https:\/\/thuviensach.vn","Do \u0111\u00f3, thay v\u00ec NSC-68, hay phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i NSDD-75 c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n Reagan, th\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ngh\u1ecb s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a Washington \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Trung Qu\u1ed1c ng\u00e0y nay l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1t v\u1ecdng to l\u1edbn v\u00e0 h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, \u0111\u00ednh k\u00e8m theo \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n danh s\u00e1ch nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i. Trong m\u1ed7i tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c gia nghi\u00eam t\u00fac s\u1ebd \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau \u0111\u01b0a ra l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1edfi b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c n\u00e0o m\u00e0 M\u1ef9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh. Nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i v\u00ec th\u1ebf ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn s\u1ebd th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Trung Qu\u1ed1c, ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 v\u1ec1 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n l\u00e0 mong mu\u1ed1n gi\u1eef nguy\u00ean tr\u1ea1ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf do M\u1ef9 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp sau Chi\u1ebfn tranh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ee9 hai. Washington \u0111\u00e3 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c, v\u00e0 r\u1ea5t ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c r\u1eb1ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 th\u1ee9 \u0111\u00e3 nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh d\u00e0i nh\u1ea5t c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 gia t\u0103ng ph\u00fac l\u1ee3i kinh t\u1ebf l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia ch\u00e2u \u00c1 - \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c - \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng hi\u1ec7n tr\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec khi c\u00e1n c\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c kinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t nghi\u00eang v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda Trung Qu\u1ed1c. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9, th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf m\u00e0 n\u00f3i, ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 hy v\u1ecdng m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. \u0110\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1i chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u1ee9ng v\u1edbi th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi c\u00e1c quan ch\u1ee9c ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 cao c\u1ea5p ph\u1ea3i c\u1ed1ng hi\u1ebfn kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng v\u1ed1n ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 nh\u1ea1y b\u00e9n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Tr\u00e1i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t c\u1ee7a Obama, chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c an ninh qu\u1ed1c gia M\u1ef9 hi\u1ec7n nay th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t George Kennan - c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt c\u00f3 t\u1ea7m v\u00f3c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 Marshall, Acheson, Vandenberg, Nitze v\u00e0 Truman. \u0110\u01b0a c\u00e1c th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed1i n\u1ed9i th\u00e0nh tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m N\u1ebfu T\u1eadp C\u1eadn B\u00ecnh v\u00e0 Donald Trump nghe theo l\u1eddi L\u00fd Quang Di\u1ec7u, h\u1ecd c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i t\u1eadp trung tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng g\u00ec quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t: c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed1i n\u1ed9i. M\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t t\u1edbi an ninh qu\u1ed1c gia M\u1ef9 ng\u00e0y nay l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Th\u1ee9 g\u00ec t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t t\u1edbi v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi? C\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi cho c\u1ea3 hai c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi tr\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y th\u00f4ng qua nh\u1eefng th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb M\u1ef9. H\u00e3y h\u1ecfi Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 v\u00e0 c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9: s\u1ef1 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i trong c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb. Nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 https:\/\/thuviensach.vn"]
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