สุดยอดGrammar

50  ÿ¥¬Õ¥ GRAMMAR °√‘¬“∑µ’Ë âÕßµ“¡¥â«¬ çaté aim at ‡≈ßÁ ‰ª∑’Ë amused at ‡æ≈‘¥‡æ≈‘π°—∫ good at ‡°àß„π∑“ß knock at ‡§“–, ∑∫ÿ stay at æ—°Õ¬àŸ∑’Ë surprised at ª√–À≈“¥„®  ”À√∫— §”°√¬‘ “arriveππÈ— „™‰â ¥â°∫— ∫æÿ ∫∑ in À√Õ◊ at arrive in „™°â ∫— ™ÕË◊ ª√–‡∑»À√Õ◊ ‡¡Õ◊ ß„À≠à Ê (a country, city) arrive at „™°â —∫ ∂“π∑’Ë∑’Ë™‡’È ©æ“– (more specific places) ‡™πà Students should arrive at school early. He arrives at his office at eight. She arrived in Paris last Sunday. We arrived in Cheingmai long - ago. 1.2 ∫æÿ ∫∑ by, beside, near, against by = ¢“â ß The matches are over there by the cigar.

Prepositions 51 beside = πÕ°®“° Mrs. Brown is sitting beside (= next to) Mr. Brown near = „°≈â They live near the park. against = µâ“π Donût learn against the table 1.3 ∫ÿæ∫∑ above, over, under, below above = Anywhere higher than a certain point. She hung the picture above the fireplace. over = Over a certain point in a perpendicular line. The sun is over our head at noon. under = Below a certain point in a per- pendicular line. The door was locked, so I shoved the letter under the door.

52  ÿ¥¬Õ¥ GRAMMAR below = anywhere lower than a cer- tain point. 1.4 ∫ÿæ∫∑ in front of, at the back of, behind, close to, next to theatre D A E B F C Suppose this is the theatre} A and D are sitting in front of the theatre. C and F are sitting at the back of the theatre. C is sitting behind B }C is sitting close to F, B next to 1.5 ∫ÿæ∫∑ at the top, at the bottom, on the left, on the right

Prepositions 53 at the top µ√ß°π— ¢“â ¡°∫— at the bottom on the left µ√ß°π— ¢“â ¡°∫— on the right A B in the corner at the top on the left E. on the right in the middle at the bottom CD µ”·Àπßà ¢Õß A, B, C, D  “¡“√∂‡√¬’ ߉¥â¥ß— πÈ’ A §Õ◊ in the top left - hand corner B §Õ◊ in the top right-hand corner C §Õ◊ in the bottom left-hand corner D §Õ◊ in the bottom right-hand corner E §Õ◊ in the middle 1.6 ∫ÿæ∫∑ between, among Between ®–„™â„π°√≥’∑æ’Ë ¥Ÿ ∂ß÷  Ë‘ß 2  ßË‘ Among ®–„™â„π°√≥’∑˒查∂÷ß Ë‘ß∑’Ë¡“° °«“à 2  ‘Ëß ‡™πà She is sitting between Mr. and Mrs. Brown.

54  ÿ¥¬Õ¥ GRAMMAR 1.7 ∫ÿæ∫∑ up , down ‡™πà I saw Mr. Carter walking up the road. There is a gas station about two miles down the road. 1.8 ∫ÿæ∫∑ across, around , through ‡™πà Letûs take a walk around the garden. I look a walk through the park yesterday. They live across the street from USA. 1.9 ∫æÿ ∫∑ inside, outside ‡™πà These plants ought to be kept inside the house. Those chairs were left outside the house all night. 1.10 ∫æÿ ∫∑ after, before ‡™πà Put a question mark after each question. In giving dates, we usually place the month before the day.

Prepositions 55 2. Preposition of Direction and Motion (∫Õ° ∑»‘ ∑“ß) 2.1 ∫æÿ ∫∑ toward, to, from, through, into, out of µàÕ§”‡À≈à“π’°È àÕπ·≈«â §àÕ¬ ‡™àπ...... to get out of someoneûs clutches = Àπ’®“°Õ‘∑∏‘æ≈À√◊Õ Õ”π“® out of condition = ‰¡‡à À¡“–, º‘¥‡ßÕË◊ π‰¢ out of crop = æπâ ƒ¥Ÿæ◊™º≈ out of danger = æâπÕ—πµ√“¬ out of date = ≈“â  ¡¬— out of debt = À¡¥ÀπÈ’ out of door = πÕ°∫“â π, °≈“ß·®ßâ out of fashion = ‰¡∑à π— ·ø™πË— ,À¡¥ ¡¬— out of hand = §«∫§¡ÿ ‰¡‰à ¥â out of humour = Õ“√¡≥几’¬ time out of mind = π“π¡“·≈«â out of oneûs grasp = À“‰¡à‰¥â out of office = æπâ ®“°Àπ“â ∑’Ë out of place = ‰¡à‡À¡“– ¡

56  ÿ¥¬Õ¥ GRAMMAR out of position = ‰¡∂à °Ÿ µÕâ ß°∫— µ”·Àπßà out of sight = æπâ  “¬µ“ out of temper = Õ“√¡≥几’¬ out of worked = µ°ß“π, ‰¡à¡ß’ “π∑” out of use = ‰¡‰à ¥„â ™·â ≈«â out of town = ‰ªπÕ°‡¡Õ◊ ß ‡™πà He walked towards his house. He walked to the bookshop. I took a pen from the table. She took a walk throught the park. The students stook up as soon as the teacher walked into the classroom. They ran out of the burning house. 2.2 ∫æÿ ∫∑ up, down up ( ) = He walks up the stairs. down ( ) = She is walking down the stairs.

Prepositions 57 2.3 ∫æÿ ∫∑ by, along by ( ) = pass ‡™πà I go by the post office every morning on my way to school. along = µ“¡ ‡™πà They walked along the beach. 2.4 ∫æÿ ∫∑ against, upon against = ‡™πà They were rowing against the current. upon = ¡’§«“¡À¡“¬‡À¡◊Õπ on ·µ‰à ¡à„™â∫Õà ¬‡∑“à on ‡™πà Upon the desk is a large dictionary. 3. Preposition of time (∫Õ°‡«≈“) 3.1 ∫æÿ ∫∑ at ·≈– by at ®–„™∫â Õ°‡«≈“®¥ÿ ÀπßË÷ ‚¥¬‡©æ“–‡®“–®ß ‡™πà The football match will start at 3.00 p.m.

58  ÿ¥¬Õ¥ GRAMMAR by ®–„™â∫Õ°®ÿ¥‡«≈“∑Ë’ È‘π ÿ¥°“√°√–∑” π—Èπ Ê ‡™àπ I finish my work by 6 oûclock. 3.2 ∫æÿ ∫∑ in, on in = „™â°—∫™à«ß‡«≈“ (period of time) §Õ◊ À≈ß— in ‡ªì𧔷 ¥ß‡«≈“∑Ë¡’ ’ √–¬–§«“¡¬“«´ßË÷ ‡√“ “¡“√∂ ß— ‡°µ ‰¥®â “°§”‡À≈“à πÈ’ ‡™πà in two years, in May, in the morning, in 2004, in summer, in the twentieth century. He graduated to directing in 2004. The school bus will arrive in an hour. on = ¡—°®–„™â°—∫«—π «—π∑’Ë ·≈–«—π∑’ˇ√“ √–∫‡ÿ ©æ“–‡®“–®ß ‡™πà on Sunday, on his birthday, on New Year Day on May 11,1900.

Prepositions 59 I always go to shopping on Sunday. Jonhûs birthday is on May 11 3.3 ∫ÿæ∫∑ for, during, since for = ®–„™â°—∫™à«ß‡«≈“´Ë÷߇√“ “¡“√∂  —߇°µ‰¥â®“°°“√¡’§«“¡¬“«π“π ¢Õ߇«≈“∫Õ° ¥—ßµ«— Õ¬“à ßµàÕ‰ªπÈ’ They have studied here for nine years. çThey have studied here for nine years,é °“√„™â çforé ∑πË’ Õâ ß Ê ¡—°®–æ∫Õ¬∫àŸ Õà ¬ Ê §◊Õ to change for the better = ‡ª≈¬’Ë π·ª≈߇æÕ◊Ë „À¥â ¢’ πÈ÷ fore hire l sale = ≈¥√“§“,  ”À√—∫¢“¬ fore ever = ™Ë«— °“≈π“π to go for lunch = ‰ª√—∫ª√–∑“πÕ“À“√ °≈“ß«π— for no rhyme or reason = ‰√‡â Àµÿº≈ for nothing = ‰¡à‰¥â∑”‡æ◊ËՇߑπ

60  ÿ¥¬Õ¥ GRAMMAR sell somethings for a song = ¢“¬√“§“∂Ÿ°¡“° for a spell = „π√–¬–‡«≈“Õπ—  —πÈ for words = Õ∏‘∫“¬,æ√√≥π“ to set out for somewhere = ÕÕ°‡¥π‘ ∑“߉ª to be blind l lame for life = µ“∫Õ¥ / æ°‘ “√µ≈Õ¥ ™«’ µ‘ since = ®–„™°â ∫— ®¥ÿ ‡√¡‘Ë µπâ ¢Õ߇«≈“ ¥ß— ®– æ∫°∫— µ—«Õ¬à“ßµàÕ‰ªπ’È We have studied here since 2000. during = ®–„™°â ∫— ™«à ß√–¬–‡«≈“∑µË’ Õà ‡πÕ◊Ë ß°π— ‡™πà We went to Koh Chang during the summer holidays. There was a lot of noise during the concert. 3.4 §”∫æÿ ∫∑ after ®–¡§’ «“¡À¡“¬‡À¡Õ◊ π°∫— later than ·µà before ®–¡’§«“¡À¡“¬ ‡À¡◊Õπ°∫— earlier than ¥—ߪ√–‚¬§∑’‡Ë √“ ®–æ∫¥ß— π’È

Prepositions 61 We donût need to study after (=later than) 03.30 p.m. I am going to leave before (= earlier than) noon today. 3.5 ∫ÿæ∫∑ until = till ´Ë÷ß∑È—ß Õߧ”πÈ’®–¡’ §«“¡À¡“¬«“à ç®π°√–∑Ë—ßé ‡™àπ Why donût you stay until (till) Sunday? Iûll be here till (until) 5 oûclock. 3.6 πÕ°®“°π—ÈππâÕß Ê ¬—ß®–æ∫°—∫∫ÿæ∫∑ ÕπË◊ Ê Õ°’ ‡™πà at the beginning of, at the end of, in the middle of Iûll visit you at the beginning of the summer. Iûll receive your letter at the end of the week. We have lunch in the middle of the day. 3.7 Past ®–„™ â ”À√∫— °“√‡©æ“–‡®“–®ß‡√ËÕ◊ ß ¢Õ߇«≈“„π 1 «—𠇙πà Iûll see you at half past three.

62  ÿ¥¬Õ¥ GRAMMAR 3.8 throughout ®–„™â°∫— ‡«≈“µßÈ— ·µ‡à √¡Ë‘ µâπ∂÷ß  ‘Èπ ÿ¥¢Õ߇«≈“ ‡™πà Dancing continued throughout the night. 3.9 around ¡’§«“¡À¡“¬‡∑“à °—∫ about ‡™πà Will you come here around one oûclock? 3.10 within ¡§’ «“¡À¡“¬«à“ ¿“¬„π We must check out within ten minutes. 4. Perposition of manner (∫Õ°≈°— …≥–Õ“°“√) 4.1 ∫ÿæ∫∑ by ‡™πà We go to our office by bus. You can post letters by mail or by foot. 4.2 ∫æÿ ∫∑ on ‡™πà We walk along the beach on foot. 4.3 ∫ÿæ∫∑ in ‡™πà He speaks in a low voice. He went home in a hurry. 4.4 ∫ÿæ∫∑ with ‡™πà I accept your invitation with pleasure. She greeted him with a smile.

Prepositions 63 4.5 ∫ÿæ∫∑ like „™‡â À¡Õ◊ π°—∫ in the manner of, to the same degree as ´Ë÷ß®–¡’ §«“¡À¡“¬«“à ç™Õ∫é ‡™àπ He walks like an old man. If I were to behave like you my mother would blame me. πÕ°®“°π—Èπ‡√“¬—ß “¡“√∂æ∫ Preposition µ—« ÕπË◊ Ê ‰¥Õâ ’° ‡™àπ 1. Agent of Instrument (∫Õ°ºâ°Ÿ √–∑”) ‰¥·â °à by, with ‡™πà This poem was written by Soonthorn Poo. Try to open the door with this key. 2. Accompaniment (∫Õ°°“√∑”√«à ¡°∫— ) ‰¥·â °à with ‡™πà I went with her to the library. 3. Purpose (∫Õ°®ÿ¥¡ÿàßÀ¡“¬, §«“¡ª√– ß§å) ‰¥·â °à for ‡™πà I have to go to the store for a lot of bread. A pen is used for writing with.

64  ÿ¥¬Õ¥ GRAMMAR 4. Association (∫Õ°°“√√à«¡°π— ) ‰¥·â °à of ‡™πà I heard the news of your promotion from Mike. Donût you ever think of anyone but yourself ? 5. Measure (∫Õ°°“√µ√«®«¥— ) ‰¥â·°à of, by ‡™πà I bought three bottles of beer and a pound of cheese. sugar is sold by the pound but eggs are sold by the dozen. 6. Similarity (∫Õ°«à“‡ªìπÕ¬à“߇¥’¬«°—πÀ√◊Õ §≈“â ¬§≈ß÷ °π— ) ‰¥·â °à like ‡™πà I look like my mother. This material feels like wool. 7. In the capacity of (∫Õ°°“√°√–∑”‡ª√’¬∫ ‡ ¡Õ◊ π«“à ) ‰¥â·°à as ‡™πà She got a job as a telephone operator. Mr. Phillip will serve as a chairman of the committee Unit 6 ∆

Comparison of Adjective and Adverb 65 Comparison of Adjective and Adverb D ‡ªìπ°“√∫Õ°„Àâ‡√“∑√“∫«à“§”π“¡·≈–§”°√‘¬“π—Èπ ¡’§«“¡À¡“¬‡∑“à ‡∑’¬¡°—πÀ√◊Õ‰¡à ´÷ßË ®–¡’ 2 ™π¥‘ §◊Õ 1. Comparison of Adjective §Õ◊ °“√‡ª√¬’ ∫‡∑’¬∫ §”§ÿ≥»—æ∑å 2. Comparison of Adverb §Õ◊ °“√‡ª√¬’ ∫‡∑¬’ ∫ §”°√‘¬“«‘‡»…≥å ‡√“ “¡“√∂Õ∏‘∫“¬°“√‡ª√’¬∫‡∑’¬∫™π‘¥¢Õß·µà≈–§” ‰¥¥â ß— πÈ’ D 1. Comparison of Adjective ´Ë÷ß “¡“√∂·∫àßÕÕ°‡ªìπ‰¥â 3 ¢πÈ— µÕπ§◊Õ

66  ÿ¥¬Õ¥ GRAMMAR 1.1 Positive Degree §◊Õ Adjectives ∑¬Ë’ ß— ‰¡¡à ’ °“√‡ª≈¬Ë’ π·ª≈ß√ªŸ „¥ Ê ´ßË÷ ‡√“Õ“®®–‡√¬’ °«“à Simple Form À√Õ◊ Base Form ¢Õߧ”»æ— ∑å °‰Á ¥â ‡™πà wide = This is a wide street. tall = He is a tall man small = I like a small town. √ªŸ ·∫∫ ”À√∫— °“√‡ª√¬’ ∫‡∑¬’ ∫„π Positive De- gree §◊Õ as + adjective + as ‡™πà Tom is as tall as Tony. (∑Õ¡¡§’ «“¡ Ÿß‡∑à“°—∫‚∑π’Ë) 1.2 Comparative Degree ‰¥â·°à Adjectives „π ¢—Èπ°«à“ §«“¡À¡“¬¢Õߧ”§ÿ≥»—æ∑å°Á¬—ß§ß ‡¥‘¡ ·µà®–· ¥ß≈—°…≥–‡æ‘Ë¡¡“°¢÷Èπ‰ªÕ’° ¢—ÈπÀπ÷Ëß®“° Positive Degree ‡ªìπ¢—Èπ°«à“ ¥«â ¬°“√‡µ¡‘ er ∑’Ë Adjectives ππÈ— Ê ‡™àπ This is a wider street than that one.

Comparison of Adjective and Adverb 67 Peter is taller than Dan. Bangkok is smaller than Chiengmai. ¢âÕ§«√®” F Adjective „π¢—Èπ Comparative π’È ®–‡ª√¬’ ∫‡∑’¬∫√–À«“à ߢÕß 2  ßË‘ ®÷ßµâÕß¡’ than µ“¡À≈—ß Adjective ‡ ¡Õ π–®ä– 1.3 Superlative Degree ‰¥â·°à Adjectives „π ¢È—π∑’ Ë ÿ¥ §Õ◊ ¬ß— ¡§’ «“¡À¡“¬§ß‡¥‘¡ ·µà®– · ¥ß≈—°…≥–‡æË‘¡¡“°¢÷Èπ‰ª®π∂÷ß∑’Ë ÿ¥‡ªìπ ¢Èπ— ∑ Ë’ ÿ¥¥«â ¬°“√‡µ‘¡ -est ‡¢“â ∑Ë’ Adjectives π—Èπ Ê ‡™àπ This is the widest street in town. Peter is the tallest man in the room. Ranong is the smallest province. §”·π–π” F Adjective ¢Èπ— Superlative ππ—È ®–µâÕß„™â the π”ÀπⓇ ¡Õ ‡æ√“–‡ªìπ°“√‡ππâ ‡©æ“–«“à ‡ªìπ ∑Ë’ ¥ÿ ¢Õߧ”¢¬“¬πÈ—π Ê °Æ°“√‡ª≈Ë’¬π Adjective ¢È—π Positive Degree „À⇪ìπ Comparative Degree ·≈– Superlative Degree  “¡“√∂∑”‰¥¥â —ßπ’È

68  ÿ¥¬Õ¥ GRAMMAR A. ‡µ‘¡ -er ·≈– -est À≈—ߧ”§ÿ≥»—æ∑å∑Ë’¡’ 欓ߧ凥’¬«À√Õ◊ ¡‡’  ’¬ß π—È ‡™πà hard harder hardest large larger largest big bigger biggest B. ‡µ‘¡ -er ·≈– -est À≈—ߧ”§ÿ≥»—æ∑å∑’Ë¡’ 2 欓ߧå ∑Ë’≈ß∑“â ¬¥â«¬ er, ow, ·≈– y ·µà y ®–µÕâ ߇ª≈¬Ë’ π y ‡ªìπ i À≈ß— ‡µ‘¡ er ·≈– est ‡™àπ clever cleverer cleverest narrow narrower narrowest happy happier happiest C. §”∑≈Ë’ ß∑⓬¥«â ¬ e ·≈–¡’ÀπËß÷ À√Õ◊  Õßæ¬“ß§å „À‡â µ‘¡ r ·≈–‡µ¡‘ than „π¢È—π Comparative ·≈–‡µ¡‘ st „π¢πÈ— Superlative ‡™àπ brave braver than the bravest large larger than the largest safe safer than the safest D. ‡µ‘¡ more ·≈– most Àπⓧ”§ÿ≥»æ— ∑å∑¡’Ë ’ 2 欓ߧå∑’‰Ë ¡‰à ¥≈â ß∑⓬¥â«¬ er, ow ·≈– y ‡™πà

Comparison of Adjective and Adverb 69 useful more useful most useful honest more honest most honest selfish more selfish most selfish E. ‡µ‘¡ more ·≈– most Àπ“â §”§ÿ≥»—æ∑∑å ¡Ë’ ’ 3 欓ߧå À√Õ◊ ¡“°°«“à 3 欓ߧå¢Èπ÷ ‰ª ‡™πà beautiful more beautiful most beautiful difficult more difficult most difficult interesting more interesting most interesting F. ¡’ Adjective ∫“ß°≈à¡ÿ ∑ˇ’ ª≈¬’Ë π·ª≈ß√Ÿª‰ª‡≈¬ ‡™πà good À√Õ◊ well better best bad worse worst little less least §”·π–π” F more ·≈– most  “¡“√∂„™â less ·≈– least ·∑π‰¥â∂⓵âÕß°“√≈¥¢È—π¢Õߧ”¢¬“¬πÈ—π „ÀâπâÕ¬≈ß¡“®π∂÷ßπâÕ¬∑’ Ë ÿ¥ «∏‘ ’„™â Adjective 1. „™â Adjective °—∫ verb to be ‡™πà He is good.

70  ÿ¥¬Õ¥ GRAMMAR 2. „™â Adjective π”Àπⓧ”π“¡ ‡æ◊ËÕ ¢¬“¬§”π“¡πÈ—π Ê ‡™àπ He is a good boy. 3. „™â Adjective µ“¡À≈ß— §”°√¬‘ “µÕà ‰ªπ’È §Õ◊ smell, taste, look, feel, grow, turn, get, sound ‡™πà This flower smells good. That mango tasted sour. 2. Comparison of Adverb Comparison of adverb ¡’¢—πÈ °“√‡ª√¬’ ∫‡∑’¬∫ 3 ¢πÈ— ‡À¡Õ◊ π°—∫°“√‡ª√’¬∫‡∑¬’ ∫¢Õß Adjective ·µ®à –¡’°Æ°“√ ‡ª√’¬∫‡∑’¬∫∑Ë’·µ°µà“ß°—∫ Adjective ´Ë÷ßπâÕß Ê  “¡“√∂ ∑√“∫°Æ°“√‡ª√¬’ ∫‡∑’¬∫‰¥â¥—ßπ’È 2.1 ‡µ¡‘ -er ·≈– -est À≈ß— Adverbs „π¢πÈ— Com- parative ·≈– Superlative ‡™àπ hard harder hardest fast faster fastest slow slower slowest loud louder loundest

Comparison of Adjective and Adverb 71 2.2 ‡µ‘¡ more ·≈– most Àπ“â §”°√‘¬“«‡‘ »…≥å ∑Ë’≈ß∑“â ¬¥â«¬ -ly ‡™àπ slowly more slowly most slowly loudly more loudly most loudly quickly more quickly most quickly 2.3  ”À√—∫§” Adverb ∑Ë’¡“®“° Adjective+ly ·≈–§” Õßæ¬“ß§å  “¡“√∂∑”‡ªπì ¢π—È °«“à ‰¥â 2 ·∫∫ §Õ◊ ‡µ¡‘ more ·≈– most °∫— ‡µ¡‘ -er ·≈– -est ‡™àπ bravely more bravely the most bravely braver bravest quickly more quickly the most quickly quicker quickest 2.4  ”À√∫— §”∑¡Ë’ æ’ ¬“ߧ‡å ¥¬’ «∑‡Ë’ ªπì ∑ß—È Adjective ·≈– Adverb ®–‡µ‘¡ -er ·≈– -est ‰¥·â °à fast faster fastest early earlier earliest long longer longest À¡“¬‡Àµÿ  ”À√—∫§” Adverb °≈àÿ¡πÈ’®–‰¡à “¡“√∂‡µ‘¡ ly ∑⓬§”‰¥â‡æ√“–®–∑”„À§â «“¡À¡“¬‡ª≈’Ë¬π‰ª ‡™àπ

}} 72  ÿ¥¬Õ¥ GRAMMAR çhardé ·ª≈«“à ·¢ßÁ , ¬“°  «à π hardly ·ª≈«à“ ‡°Õ◊ ∫®–‰¡à ·µà §”«“à çloudé ®–‡ªπì -ly À√Õ◊ ‰¡°à ‰Á ¥â 2.5 Adverb ∫“ߧ”®–‡ª≈¬Ë’ π√ªŸ ¢Õߧ”‰ª‡≈¬ ‡™πà well better best badly worse worst much more most little less least far farther farthest further furthest ¢âÕ —߇°µÿ F ‡√“ “¡“√∂„™â than µ“¡À≈—ß Adverbs ¢—Èπ Comparative ‰¥â ·µà„π «à π¢Õß Superlative ¡—°®–‰¡àª√“°Ø ·µ®à –„™„â π°√≥∑’ ’˵Õâ ߇πâ𧫓¡πÈπ— ®√ß‘ Ê °“√„™â Adjective ·≈– Adverb „π°“√‡ª√¬’ ∫‡∑¬’ ∫ 1. °“√‡ª√¬’ ∫‡∑¬’ ∫∑‡’Ë ∑“à ‡∑¬’ ¡°π— „™â Adjective ¢πÈ— ∏√√¡¥“ ¥—ßπ’È as + Adjective / Adverb + as 2. °“√‡ª√’¬∫‡∑¬’ ∫„π¢πÈ— °«à“ „™â‡ª√¬’ ∫‡∑’¬∫¢Õß  Õß ‘ËߢÈπ÷ ‰ª ¥ß— π’È

Comparison of Adjective and Adverb 73 Adjective / Adverb -er+than À√Õ◊ more - Adjective / Adverb 3. °“√‡ª√’¬∫‡∑’¬∫¢—Èπ ÿ¥ „™â‡ª√’¬∫‡∑’¬∫¢Õß µ—ßÈ ·µ à “¡ ‘ßË ¢π÷È ‰ª ¥—ßπÈ’ Adjective / Adverb + est À√Õ◊ the most + Adjective / Adverb Unit 7 ∆

74  ¥ÿ ¬Õ¥ GRAMMAR Articles (§”π”Àπ“â π“¡) D Õߧªå √–°Õ∫ÀπßË÷ ∑πË’ Õâ ß Ê ¡°— ®–æ∫„πª√–‚¬§¿“…“ Õ—ß°ƒ…°Á§◊Õ Articles À√◊Õ §”π”Àπâ“π“¡ ´÷Ë߇ªìπÀ≈—° ‰«¬“°√≥Õå π— ÀπßË÷ ∑π’Ë Õâ ß Ê ®–µÕâ ߇√’¬π√Ÿâ ‡√“ “¡“√∂·∫ßà Articles ÕÕ°‰¥‡â ªπì 2 ª√–‡¿∑§Õ◊ D 1. Indefinite Article ‰¥â·°à a À√Õ◊ an ´Ëß÷ „™πâ ” Àπ“â §”π“¡∑Ë’‰¡à‡©æ“–‡®“–®ß 2. Definite Article ‰¥â·°à the ‡√“®–„™âπ”Àπâ“ §”π“¡∑Ë™’ ‡’È ©æ“–‡®“–®ß

Articles 75 À≈—°°“√„™â a ·≈– an ∑π’Ë âÕß Ê §«√∑√“∫ 1. πÕâ ß Ê  “¡“√∂„™â a ‰¥°â ∫— §”π“¡∑‡’Ë ªπì ‡Õ°æ®π,å §”π“¡π—∫‰¥â, §”∑’Ë¢÷Èπµâπ¥â«¬æ¬—≠™π– ·≈–§”π“¡∑’Ë ¡’ §«“¡À¡“¬∑—«Ë ‰ª ‡™àπ a book, a teacher, a computer, a dictionary etc. ‡™πà I bought a dictionary yesterday. There was a teacher teaching swimming in the pool. 2. πâÕß Ê  “¡“√∂„™â a π”Àπⓧ”π“¡∑’Ë¢È÷πµâπ ¥«â ¬ √– ·µàπâÕß Ê µâÕßÕ“à πÕÕ°‡ ’¬ß‡ªπì 欗≠™π– ‡™πà a European, a university, a uniform, a blue eye, a small umbrella ‡™πà Kung has a small umbrella. 3. §”π“¡∑Ë’¢È÷πµâπ¥â«¬æ¬—≠™π–·µàÕÕ°‡ ’¬ß ‡ªìπ √–À√◊Õ§”π“¡∑Ë’¢÷Èπµâπ¥â«¬ √– ·≈–§”π“¡πÈ—π‡ªìπ ‡Õ°æ®ππå —∫‰¥â ∑Ë¡’ ’§«“¡À¡“¬∑—Ë« Ê ‰ª ´ßË÷ πâÕß Ê  “¡“√∂„™â an π”Àπ“â ‰¥â ‡™πà an orange, an elephant, an hour.

76  ÿ¥¬Õ¥ GRAMMAR They will go to an elephant village at Ayutthaya next week. 4. ‡√“ “¡“√∂„™â an π”Àπ“â §”π“¡∑¡’Ë ’ Adjective ¢πÈ÷ µπâ ¥«â ¬ √– ‡™πà an important girl, an interesting book, an impolite shirt, etc. ‡™πà She is an important girl in the party. 5. ‡√“ “¡“√∂„™â a À√Õ◊ an π”Àπ“â §”π“¡∑À’Ë ¡“¬∂ß÷ æ«°À√Õ◊ ™π¥‘ ‡¥’¬«°π— ‰¥â ‡™πà A dog has four legs. An elephant has a trunk. 6. „Àπâ Õâ ß Ê „™â a À√Õ◊ an π”Àπ“â §”π“¡∑°Ë’ ≈“à «∂ß÷ Õ“™æ’ À√Õ◊  ≠— ™“µ‘ ‡™àπ My mother is a teacher. David is an American. 7. ‡√“ “¡“√∂„™â a À√◊Õ an π”Àπâ“ §” π “ ¡ ∑Ë’ ‡°Ë’¬«°—∫°“√π∫— ®”π«π ‡™πà

Articles 77 a lot of , a dozen , a million ‡™πà I have a lot of candy. 8. πÕâ ß Ê  “¡“√∂„™â a À√◊Õ an °∫— §”π“¡∑’Ë∫Õ° ∂ß÷ √“§“ §«“¡‡√«Á πÈ”Àπ—° ‡«≈“ ·≈–Õ—µ√“ «à π Eighty miles an hour, twice a week ‡™πà My car is running 80 miles an hour. 9. πâÕß Ê  “¡“√∂„™â a À√Õ◊ an π”Àπ“â §”π“¡∑Ë’ ‡ªìπª√–‚¬§Õ∑ÿ “𠇙πà What a hot day it is ! What a handsome man he is ! 10.  “¡“√∂„™â a À√Õ◊ an π”Àπⓧ”π“¡∑‡Ë’ ªπì ™Ë◊Õ ‡©æ“–À√◊Õ∫ÿ§§≈∑’Ë¡’™◊ËÕ‡ ’¬ß∑’Ë¡’§ÿ≥ ¡∫—µ‘„°≈⇧’¬ß°—π ·≈â«π”¡“‡ª√¬’ ∫‡∑’¬∫°∫— §π∑‡Ë’ √“®–°≈“à «∂÷ß ‡™àπ Pitoon is a Beckham in our team. 汑 √Ÿ ¬å ‡ª√¬’ ∫‡À¡Õ◊ π‡∫§·Œ¡„π∑¡’ ¢Õ߇√“ 11.  “¡“√∂„™â a À√Õ◊ an π”Àπⓧ”π“¡ ¥—ߧ”µàÕ‰ªπ’È quite, hardly, rather, scarcely ‡™πà He is rather a handsome man. ‡¢“‡ªìπº™âŸ “¬∑ÀË’ ≈Õà ®√ß‘ Ê

78  ¥ÿ ¬Õ¥ GRAMMAR 12. ‡√“ “¡“√∂„™â a À√◊Õ an π”Àπⓧ”π“¡‡Õ°- æ®πå∑Ë’µ“¡À≈—ߧ”«à“ many ‡æË◊Õ∫Õ°∂÷ߧÿ≥¿“æ¢Õß ‘Ëß πÈπ— Ê ‡™πà Many boy could not pass entrance examination. ¢âÕ —߇°µ F ∂“â À≈ß— many ‡ªìπ§”π“¡æÀŸæ®πå ‰¡àµâÕß„™â a, an À√◊Õ the π”Àπâ“ Many Children visit Phuket this weekend. 13. πâÕß Ê  “¡“√∂„™â a À√◊Õ an π”Àπⓧ”π“¡ ‡Õ°æ®π∑å ’Ëµ“¡À≈ß— §”§≥ÿ »æ— ∑å how, so, too, as ‡™πà Metinee is so beautiful a woman that everyone love her. ‡¡∏‘𒇪πì ºÀ⟠≠‘ß∑ ’Ë «¬®π„§√ Ê °Á√—°‡∏Õ How honest a dog it is ? ¡—π‡ªìπ πÿ ¢— ∑’Ë´ÕË◊  µ— ¬å®√ß‘ Ê 14. „Àâ„™â a À√◊Õ an π”Àπⓧ”π“¡∑’Ë· ¥ß ®”π«π¡“° ·≈–‰¡à‰¥â·ª≈«“à çÀπßË÷ é ‡™πà a lot of, a large number, a little, a few, a great deal, a good deal, a great man, a great number

Articles 79 ‡™πà He has a lot of orange. I have a little money. 15. ‡√“ “¡“√∂„™â a À√◊Õ an π”Àπⓧ”π“¡‡Õ°- æ®π∑å ’µË “¡À≈ß— §”§ÿ≥»æ— ∑å∑Ë¡’ §’ ”«à“ such π”Àπ“â such + a, an + adjective + noun ‡™πà It is such an expensive shirt I canût buy. ¡π— ‡ªìπ‡ Õ◊È ∑’·Ë æß¡“° Ê ®π©—π‰¡à “¡“√∂´ÈÕ◊ ‰¥â 16. ‡√“ “¡“√∂„™â a À√Õ◊ an π”Àπⓧ”π“¡‡Õ°- æ®πå∑Ë’π—∫‰¥â∑Ë’∑”Àπâ“∑’ˇªìπ°√√¡¢Õß°√‘¬“„πª√–‚¬§ªØ‘‡ ∏ ∑’¡Ë §’ «“¡À¡“¬«“à 牡‡à ≈¬é ‡™àπ I havenût a friend in this village. ©—π‰¡¡à ‡’ æÕË◊ πÕ¬„àŸ πÀ¡àŸ∫â“ππ’ȇ≈¬ 17. ‡√“ “¡“√∂„™â a À√Õ◊ an π”Àπⓧ”π“¡∑‡Ë’ ªπì ™ËÕ◊ ‡©æ“–∑ˇ’ √“‰¡‡à §¬√®âŸ °— ¡“°Õà 𠇙πà A Miss Sununta visits while you were out. ¡’§π™ÕË◊  πÿ —π∑“¡“‡¬¬Ë’ ¡¢≥–∑’§Ë ≥ÿ ‰¡àÕ¬Ÿà 18. ‡√“ “¡“√∂„™â a À√Õ◊ an π”Àπⓧ”π“¡∑Ë’‡ªπì  ”π«π‡°¬’Ë «°—∫°“√‰¡à ∫“¬ ‡™àπ

80  ÿ¥¬Õ¥ GRAMMAR have a cold ‡ªπì ‰¢Àâ «¥— have a pain ‰¥â√∫— §«“¡‡®Á∫ª«¥ have a headache ª«¥»’√…– have a earache ‡®∫Á ÀŸ have a cough ¡’Õ“°“√‰Õ have a toothache ª«¥øπí ¬°‡«âπ F ∂“â ‰¡ à ∫“¬‡°¬Ë’ «°∫—  ßË‘ µÕà ‰ªπ‰È’ ¡µà Õâ ß „™â a, an, the π”Àπâ“ ‰¥â·°à have influenza ‡ªπì ‰¢Àâ «¥— „À≠à have rheumatism ‡ªπì ‚√§ª«¥„π¢Õâ 19. ‡√“®–„™â a À√◊Õ an π”Àπⓧ”π“¡‡Õ°æ®π∑å ’Ë π∫— ‰¥·â ≈–楟 ∂ß÷ ‡ªπì §√ßÈ— ·√° ·≈–„À„â ™â the °∫— °“√楟 ∂ß÷ §√ß—È ∑’Ë 2 ‡™πà A man and a woman were sitting at the res- taurant. They were quarrel where they should go next time. The man wanted to see a movie, but the woman wanted to go home. 20. ‡√“ “¡“√∂„™â a À√◊Õ an π”Àπâ“ ”π«π µÕà ‰ªπ’È §◊Õ

Articles 81 a long time ‡ªπì ‡«≈“¬“«π“π a question of ªí≠À“‡°Ë’¬«°—∫..... as a matter of fact Õ—π∑’Ë®√ß‘ ·≈â« at a discount ≈¥√“§“ at a premium ¡’√“§“ Ÿß at a distance „π√–¬–‰°≈ all of a sudden ∑—π„¥πÈ—π be at a loss À¡¥Àπ∑“ß be a pity π“à  ß “√, πà“‡ ¬’ ¥“¬ be in a shame πà“≈–Õ“¬ be in a good mood ¡Õ’ “√¡≥å·®¡à „  be in a position Õ¬Ÿà„π∞“π– creat a stir ∑”„À‡â °¥‘ §«“¡Õ≈«π do a favour Õπ‡ÿ §√“–Àå have a good time  π°ÿ have a busy time ¡’∏√ÿ –¬àÿß¡“° have a mind µ—ßÈ „®«à“, §‘¥«à“ have an opportunity ¡‚’ Õ°“  have a habit ¡’π‘ —¬ in a hurry √’∫√âÕπ

82  ÿ¥¬Õ¥ GRAMMAR in a rush ‡√àß√∫’ in a pinch 欓¬“¡ keep it a secret ‡°∫Á ‰«‡â ªπì §«“¡≈∫— keep up a correspondence (®¥À¡“¬) ‚µâµÕ∫ make a living À“‡≈È’¬ß™’æ make a mistake ∑”º¥‘ make a stand µßÈ— ¡πË— make it a rule µÈß— ‡ªπì °Æ on a large scale Õ¬“à ß¡‚ÀÓ√ on an average ‚¥¬‡©≈¬’Ë tell a lie 楟 ª¥ take a trip ‡¥‘π∑“ß take a picture ∂“à ¬√ªŸ take a look at ¡Õ߉ª∑’Ë take a guess ∑“¬, ‡¥“ take a seat ‡™‘≠π—Ëß with a view to ‡æË◊Õ®–∑”„Àâ with an eye to ‡æÕË◊ ¥,Ÿ ‡æÕ◊Ë ∑»— π“®√

Articles 83 21. ‡√“ “¡“√∂„™â a À√Õ◊ an π”Àπ“â §”π“¡∑Ë’¡“ ‡ªπì °√√¡¢Õß°√¬‘ “µàÕ‰ªπ’È ‰¥·â °à come to a decision µ—¥ ‘π„® do a favour ™«à ¬‡À≈◊Õ give a speech 楟 «“à give a push ™«à ¬§âπ give a bath Õ“∫π”È „Àâ give a kiss ®Ÿ∫ give an answer µÕ∫√—∫ give an idea „À§â «“¡§¥‘ go for a drive ‰ª¢∫— √∂ have a walk ‡¥‘π‡≈àπ have a haircut µ—¥º¡ have an idea §¥‘ «“à make a stop À¬ÿ¥ make a change ·≈°‡ª≈¬Ë’ π take a shower Õ“∫πÈ” take a pride in ¿¡Ÿ „‘ ®„π take a rest À¬¥ÿ æ°—

84  ÿ¥¬Õ¥ GRAMMAR πÕ°®“° Article ∑πË’ Õâ ß Ê æ∫ §◊Õ a ·≈– an ·≈â« πâÕß Ê ¬—ß®–æ∫ Article Õ’°™π‘¥ÀπË÷ßπ—Èπ°Á§◊Õ Definite Article ‰¥â·°à §”«à“ çtheé ´ßË÷ the ‡√“®–„™âπ”Àπ“â §”π“¡ ·≈–§«“¡À¡“¬¢Õߧ”π“¡ππ—È ®–™‡È’ ©æ“–‡®“–®ß ‰¡à«à“§”π“¡ πÈ—π®–‡ªìπ‡Õ°æ®πåÀ√◊ÕæÀŸæ®πå ®–¢È÷πµâπ¥â«¬ √–À√◊Õ æ¬≠— ™π– ®–‡ªπì π“¡π∫— ‰¥Àâ √Õ◊ π∫— ‰¡‰à ¥°â µÁ “¡ ‡√“®–„™â çtheé π”Àπ“â ‡ ¡Õ ‡æË◊Õ„ÀâπâÕß Ê  “¡“√∂„™â çtheé ‰¥âÕ¬à“ß∂Ÿ°µâÕß ·≈– ‰¡ à ∫—  π æË’ Ê ®–¢ÕÕ∏‘∫“¬°“√„™â çtheé ¥—ßµÕà ‰ªπ’È D 1. πÕâ ß Ê  “¡“√∂„™â the π”Àπ“â §”π“¡∑¡Ë’ ∫’ æÿ ∫∑- «≈’ ¡“¢¬“¬„πª√–‚¬§ ‡™πà The woman in this car is my teacher. - The ‡ªìπ§”π“¡∑’Ë™‡’È ©æ“–«“à ºâÀŸ ≠‘ߧππÈ—π - in this car §◊Õ∫ÿæ∫∑«≈’‡æÕ◊Ë ∫Õ°«“à ºâÀŸ ≠ß‘ §ππÈπ— Õ¬à„Ÿ π√∂ 2. πâÕß Ê  “¡“√∂„™â the π”Àπⓧ”π“¡∑Ë¡’ ’Õπ-ÿ ª√–‚¬§¡“¢¬“¬¢â“ßÀ≈—ߧ”π“¡ ‡™πà The bag which I bought for you is black.

Articles 85 - The ‡ªπì §”π“¡∑’™Ë ‡È’ ©æ“–«“à °√–‡ªÜ“„∫πÈ—π - which I bought for you ‡ªπì Õπªÿ √–‚¬§ ∑’Ë ¡“¢¬“¬«à“ °√–‡ª“Ü „∫ππÈ— ∑’©Ë π— ´ÈÕ◊ ¡“„Àâ‡∏Õπà– ¡’ ’¥” 3. πÕâ ß Ê  “¡“√∂„™â the π”Àπ“â §”π“¡∑°Ë’ ≈“à «∂ß÷  ßË‘ π—Èπ‡ªπì §√—Èß∑Ë’ 2 ‡™πà My friend and I go shopping and we meet a red bag and a pink bag. My friend buy the red bag, for me, buy the pink bag. 4. πÕâ ß Ê  “¡“√∂„™â the π”Àπⓧ”π“¡∑‡Ë’ ªπì ™◊ÕË ¢Õß·¡πà ”È ≈”§≈Õß À¡‡Ÿà °“– ¡À“ ¡∑ÿ √ §“∫ ¡∑ÿ √ ∑–‡≈ Õ“à « ™àÕß·§∫ ∑–‡≈ “∫ ∑–‡≈∑√“¬ ‡∑◊Õ°‡¢“ Õÿ‚¡ß§å ¢È—«‚≈° ‡ âπ»Ÿπ¬å Ÿµ√ ÀÕâ ß ¡ÿ¥ ·≈–æ‘æ∏‘ ¿≥— ±å ‰¥·â °à The Chao Praya River ·¡àπÈ”‡®“â æ√–¬“ The Philipines À¡àŸ‡°“–ø≈î ª‘ ªπî  å The Suez Canal §≈Õß ‡ÿ Õ´ The Indo-China Peninsula §“∫ ¡ÿ∑√Õ‘π‚¥®’π The Pacific Ocean ¡À“ ¡ÿ∑√·ª´‘øî§ The Caribbean Sea ∑–‡≈§“√‘‡∫¬È’ π

86  ¥ÿ ¬Õ¥ GRAMMAR The Persian Gulf Õà“«‡ªÕ√凴’¬ The Bering Strait ™àÕß·§∫‡∫Õ√Ë‘ß The Sahara Desert ∑–‡≈∑√“¬´“Œ“√à“ The Cape of Good Hope ·À≈¡°Ÿä¥‚Œø The Rockies ¿‡Ÿ ¢“√ÕÁ §°È’ The North Pole, The South Pole ¢«È— ‚≈°‡ÀπÕ◊ ,¢«È— ‚≈°„µâ The Equator ‡ âπ»Ÿπ¬å Ÿµ√ The Holland Tunnel Õ‚ÿ ¡ß§Œå Õ≈·≈π¥å The Central Library ÀÕâ ß ¡¥ÿ °≈“ß The National Science Museum æ‘æ‘∏¿—≥±å«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å 5. πâÕß Ê  “¡“√∂„™â the π”Àπⓧ”π“¡∑’ˇªìπ µ”·Àπàß∑’˧π∑Ë—«‰ª√®âŸ —°¥’ ‡™àπ The Prime Minister 𓬰√∞— ¡πµ√’ The President ª√–∏“π“∏‘∫¥’ The Manager º®Ÿâ ¥— °“√ The Principal Õ“®“√¬„å À≠à

Articles 87 §”·π–π” F ∂“â µ”·Àπßà ππ—È ¡™’ ÕË◊ ‡®“â ¢Õßµ”·Àπßà Õ¬¥àŸ «â ¬ πâÕß Ê ‰¡àµâÕß„™â çtheé π”Àπ“â 6. πÕâ ß Ê  “¡“√∂„™â the π”Àπâ“™◊ÕË ª√–‡∑» ´ßË÷ ·µà≈–ª√–‡∑»π—πÈ ¡’≈—°…≥–¥ß— πÈ’ 6.1 ™◊ËÕª√–‡∑»π—Èπ¡’§”«à“ Kingdom, Union À√Õ◊ Republic ‡™πà The Irish Republic  “∏“√≥√∞— ‰Õ√‘™ The Soviet Union  À¿“æ‚´‡«’¬µ The United Kingdom  À√“™Õ“≥“®°— √ 6.2 ™Ë◊Õª√–‡∑»∑Ë¡’ ’§”«à“ of ‡™πà The Republic of Indonesia  “∏“√≥√∞— Õ‘π‚¥π’‡´¬’ The United States of America  À√—∞Õ‡¡√‘°“ The Union of South Africa  À¿“æ·Õø√‘°“„µâ 6.3 ™ËÕ◊ ª√–‡∑»π—Èπ‡ªπì æÀŸæ®πå ‡™πà The Netherlands ª√–‡∑»‡π‡∏Õ√å·≈π¥å The Philippines ª√–‡∑»øî≈‘ªªîπ å ¢Õâ ¬°‡«πâ F ∂â“™Ë◊Õª√–‡∑»πÈ—π Ê ‡ªìπ§” Ê ‡¥¬’ «·≈–‡ªπì π“¡‡Õ°æ®πåπâÕß Ê ‰¡àµÕâ ß „™â çtheé π–®–ä

88  ÿ¥¬Õ¥ GRAMMAR 7. πâÕß Ê  “¡“√∂„™â the π”Àπâ“™Ë◊Õ Àπ—ß ◊Õ- æ‘¡æå√“¬«—π ‚√ßÀπ—ß ‚√ß≈–§√ ‚√ß·√¡  ‚¡ √  ¡“§¡ ∫√‘…—∑  ”π—°æ‘¡æå Àâ“ß√â“π Õߧ尓√  ∂“πÕ“∫Õ∫π«¥ ∫“√å ‰π∑§å ≈∫— ·≈– ∂“∫π— µ“à ß Ê ‡™àπ The Thairat Àπ—ß Õ◊ æ¡‘ æ‰å ∑¬√∞— The Siam ‚√ßÀπß—  ¬“¡ The Central Department Store À“â ß √√æ π‘ §“â ‡´πÁ ∑√≈— The National Theatre ‚√ß≈–§√·Àßà ™“µ‘ The Newsmen Association of  ¡“§¡π—°¢à“«·Ààß Thailand ª√–‡∑»‰∑¬ The Tourist Organization of Õߧ尓√ à߇ √‘¡°“√ Thailand ∑àÕ߇∑ˬ’ «·Àßà ª√–‡∑» ‰∑¬ The Skybook Company Limited ∫√…‘ ∑—  °“¬∫°ÿä  å ®”°¥— The A, Y Night Club ‡Õ «“¬ ‰π∑§å ≈—∫ 8. πâÕß Ê  “¡“√∂„™â the π”Àπâ“™◊ËÕ‚√߇√’¬π «‘∑¬“≈¬— ¡À“«∑‘ ¬“≈—¬ «¥— ·≈–™Õ◊Ë ‡©æ“–¢Õß ∂“π∑Ë∑’ Ë—« Ê ‰ª ‚¥¬§”‡À≈“à ππÈ— ¡’ of ª√–°Õ∫լय़ ⫬

Articles 89 The School of Horwang ‚√߇√¬’ πÀÕ«ß— The University of Kasetsart ¡À“«∑‘ ¬“≈¬— ‡°…µ√»“ µ√å The Temple of Suttiwararam «—¥ ÿ∑∏«‘ √“√“¡ ¢Õâ ¬°‡«πâ F ∂â“™◊ËÕ«—¥ À√◊Õ¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬¡’ Proper Noun Õ¬ŸàÀπâ“ Common Noun πâÕß Ê ‰¡àµÕâ ߇µ‘¡ the ·≈– ‰¡µà Õâ ß¡’ of Horwang School ‚√߇√¬’ πÀÕ«ß— Kasetsart University ¡À“«∑‘ ¬“≈¬— ‡°…µ√»“ µ√å Suttiwararam Temple «¥—  ∑ÿ ∏‘«√“√“¡ 9. πÕâ ß Ê  “¡“√∂„™â the π”Àπⓧ”π“¡∑Ë’‡ªπì ™◊ËÕ ∑‘» ‡™àπ ¿“§‡Àπ◊Õ ¿“§„µâ ¿“§µ–«—πÕÕ° ·≈–¿“§µ–«—πµ° ‡™πà The North ¿“§‡ÀπÕ◊ The South ¿“§„µâ The East ¿“§µ–«—πÕÕ° The West ¿“§µ–«π— µ° ¢Õâ ¬°‡«πâ F §”‡À≈à“π’‰È ¡µà Õâ ß „™â the ‰¥â·°à Central Africa ·Õø√°‘ “°≈“ß Southeast Asia ‡Õ‡™¬’ µ–«—πÕÕ°‡©¬’ ß„µâ Southern California ·§≈‘øÕ√å‡π’¬µÕπ„µâ

90  ÿ¥¬Õ¥ GRAMMAR 10. πâÕß Ê  “¡“√∂„™â the π”Àπⓧ”§ÿ≥»æ— ∑å ¢—Èπ Ÿß ÿ¥ (Superative Degree) Beckham is the best football player in English. 11. πÕâ ß Ê  “¡“√∂„™â the π”Àπ“â ≈”¥—∫∑’Ë À√Õ◊ ‡≈¢π∫— ®”π«π ‡™πà Pin is the first daughter of her family. ¢Õâ ¬°‡«πâ F ∂“â πÕâ ß Ê π”‡≈¢π∫— ®”π«π∑Ë’ À√Õ◊ ≈”¥∫— ∑„’Ë ™â≈Õ¬ Ê ‚¥¬∑Ë’‰¡¡à ’§”π“¡µ“¡À≈ß— ·≈–®–∑”Àπ“â ∑’Ë §≈⓬ adverb „π°√≥’πÀÈ’ “â ¡¡’ the π”ÀπⓇ¥¥Á ¢“¥ ‡™πà Who wants to present first ? 12. πÕâ ß Ê  “¡“√∂„™â the π”Àπâ“™ÕË◊ Õπÿ “«√’¬å À√Õ◊  ßË‘ °Õà  √“â ß∑ Ë’ ”§≠— ∑“ߪ√–«µ— »‘ “ µ√∑å ÀË’ ≈“¬ Ê §π √®Ÿâ °— ‡™πà The Victory Monument Õπ ÿ “«√¬’ ™å —¬ ¡√¿¡Ÿ ‘ The Teipei 101 Tower µ°÷ ‰∑‡ª 101 The White House ∑”‡π’¬∫¢“« 13. πâÕß Ê  “¡“√∂„™â the π”Àπâ“™◊ËÕ¢Õ߇√◊Õ √∂‰ø À√◊Õ‡§√Ë◊Õß∫‘𠇙πà The Queen Elizabeth ‡√Õ◊ §«π’ ‡Õ≈´‘ “‡∫∏

Articles 91 14. πâÕß Ê  “¡“√∂„™â the π”Àπâ“™◊ËÕ∏𓧓√ ª“É À√Õ◊ ¿µ— µ“§“√ ‡™àπ The Bangkok Bank ∏𓧓√°√ßÿ ‡∑æ The Black Forest ªÉ“∑¡‘à 15. πÕâ ß Ê  “¡“√∂„™â the π”Àπⓧ”§ÿ≥»—æ∑å ¢È—π°«à“ ‡™πà The more he learns, the less he knows. ¬ßË‘ ‡√¬’ π¬ß‘Ë √Ÿâ 16. πÕâ ß Ê  “¡“√∂„™â the π”Àπ“â §”π“¡∑¡Ë’ ‡’ 欒 ß  ‘Ë߇¥’¬«„π‚≈° ‡™àπ The moon æ√–®—π∑√å The sun æ√–Õ“∑‘µ¬å The world ‚≈° The earth ·ºàπ¥π‘ The universe ®—°√«“≈ The sky ∑âÕßø“Ñ The pope æ√– π— µ–ª“ª“

92  ÿ¥¬Õ¥ GRAMMAR 17. πÕâ ß Ê „™â the π”Àπ“â §”π“¡¢Õߧ—¡¿√’ ¢å Õß »“ π“µà“ß Ê ‡™πà The Tripitaka æ√–‰µ√ªîÆ° (»“ π“æÿ∑∏) The Bible §¡— ¿√’ ‰å ∫‡∫≈È‘ (»“ π“æ∑ÿ ∏) The Koran §¡— ¿√’ ‚å °Àâ √“à π (»“ π“Õ ‘ ≈“¡) 18. πÕâ ß Ê  “¡“√∂„™â the π”Àπ“â ‡Àµÿ°“√≥∑å “ß ª√–«—µ»‘ “ µ√å √“™«ß»å ·≈–°“√∫Õ° ¡—¬ ‡™àπ The Civil War  ß§√“¡°≈“߇¡Õ◊ ß The Renaissance  ¡—¬øóπô øŸ The Chakkri Dynasty √“™«ß»å®—°√’ 19. πâÕß Ê  “¡“√∂„™â the π”Àπⓧ”π“¡∑‡Ë’ ªìπ ™ËÕ◊ ‡©æ“–·≈–π“¡ °ÿ≈ ‡™àπ The Mcdonals §√Õ∫§√—«·¡§‚¥πÕ≈¥å The Smiths §√Õ∫§√—« ¡‘∑

Articles 93 20. πâÕß Ê  “¡“√∂„™â the π”Àπ“â §”π“¡∑‡Ë’ ªìπ ™◊ËÕ§π´”È °π— ·µà‡√“µâÕß°“√®–‡ππâ §π„¥§πÀπ÷Ëß ‡™πà The Pim in your group is very friendly. (æ‘¡æå∑‡Ë’ ªπì ‡æ◊ÕË π„π°≈¡ÿà ¢Õ߇∏Õ¡Õ’ ∏— ¬“»—¬¥¡’ “°) 21. πâÕß Ê  “¡“√∂„™â the π”Àπâ“™ËÕ◊ ‡©æ“–¢Õß  ∂“π∑Ë’∑Ë¡’ ’°“√‡ª≈Ë’¬π·ª≈ß™à«ß‡«≈“ 2 ™à«ß ‡™àπ The Bangkok of 2499 was far smaller than the Bangkok of 2547 (°√ßÿ ‡∑æœ ªï 2499 ·µ°µ“à ß°«“à °√ßÿ ‡∑æœ ªï 2547) 22. πÕâ ß Ê  “¡“√∂„™â the π”Àπ“â §”π“¡‡Õ°æ®πå π—∫‰¥â∑Ë’¡’§«“¡À¡“¬·∑π∑È—ß®”æ«°À√◊Õ§”π“¡∑’ˇªìπ Ë‘ß ‡¥¬’ «°—𠇙πà The chicken is a two-footed animal. (‰°‡à ªìπ µ— «å 2 ‡∑“â ) 23. πâÕß Ê  “¡“√∂„™â the π”Àπ“â §”π“¡∑’‡Ë ªìπ  ”π«π¢Õß°“√™ßË— «¥— µ«ß ·≈–µ“¡À≈ß— by ‡™àπ by the dozen ‡ªπì ‚À≈ by the kilo ‡ªπì °‚‘ ≈ by the pound ‡ªìπªÕπ¥å by the yard ‡ªπì À≈“

94  ¥ÿ ¬Õ¥ GRAMMAR 24. πÕâ ß Ê  “¡“√∂„™â the π”Àπ“â §”π“¡∑’√Ë âŸ®—° °—π¥√’ –À«à“ߺæŸâ Ÿ¥°—∫ºâøŸ íß ‡™πà Please open the door. (°√ÿ≥“‡ªî¥ª√–µ„Ÿ ÀÀâ πàÕ¬§–à ) 25. πâÕß Ê  “¡“√∂„™â the π”Àπ“â ™Ë◊Õæ√√§°“√ ‡¡Õ◊ ß ‡™πà The Democratic Party The Conservative Party The Communist Party 26. πÕâ ß Ê  “¡“√∂π” the π”Àπ“â ‡§√Õ◊Ë ß‡≈πà À√Õ◊ Õªÿ °√≥¥å πµ√’ ·≈–À≈ß— §”«“à play, buy, give ‡™πà the piano the drum the guitar 27. πâÕß Ê  “¡“√∂„™â the π”Àπⓧ”π“¡∑’Ë ‡°’ˬ«°∫— ¿“…“µà“ß Ê ‡™àπ The English language The French language

Articles 95 The Chinese language The German language 28. πâÕß Ê  “¡“√∂„™â the µ“¡À≈—ߧ”π“¡∑Ë’ ∫Õ°®”π«π ·µà®–µâÕß¡’ çofé ¡“§—Ëπ°≈“ß√–À«à“ߧ”∫Õ° ª√‘¡“≥°∫— çtheé All Both Many + of the + æÀæŸ ®πå Most The majority All Most + of the + §”π“¡∑πË’ ∫— ‰¡à‰¥â Some 29. πâÕß Ê  “¡“√∂„™â the π”Àπâ“ ”π«π°“√ ·∫ßà ™«à ߇«≈“¢Õß«—𠇙πà in the morning „π‡«≈“‡™“â in the afternoon „π‡«≈“∫“à ¬ in the evening „π‡«≈“‡¬Áπ

96  ¥ÿ ¬Õ¥ GRAMMAR 30. πÕâ ß Ê  “¡“√∂„™â the π”Àπâ“™«à ß√–¬–‡«≈“ „πƒ¥°Ÿ “≈ ‡™πà in the Winter „πƒ¥ÀŸ π“« in the Autumn „πƒ¥Ÿ„∫‰¡â√à«ß in the Summer „πƒ¥Ÿ√âÕπ in the Spring „πƒ¥Ÿ„∫‰¡ºâ ≈‘ ‡æ¡Ë‘ ‡µ¡‘ F ·µ∂à “â ‡ªìπƒ¥ŸπâÕß Ê µÕâ ß„™â¥—ßπ’È the Rainy Season ƒ¥ΩŸ π the Dry Season ƒ¥·Ÿ ≈ßâ the Cool Season ƒ¥ÀŸ π“« 31. πâÕß Ê  “¡“√∂„™â the π”Àπâ“™Ë◊Õ≈—∑∏‘∑“ß °“√‡¡◊Õß ‡™πà The Communism Doctrine ≈—∑∏‘§Õ¡¡‘«π‘ µå The Democracy Doctrine ≈—∑∏‘ª√–™“∏ª‘ ‰µ¬ 32. πÕâ ß Ê  “¡“√∂„™â the π”Àπ“â ™Õ◊Ë ¢Õß®—ßÀ«– À√◊Õ∑”πÕß°“√‡µâπ√” ‡™àπ The Tango ®—ßÀ«–·∑ß‚°â The Walts ®—ßÀ«–«Õ≈∑å 

Articles 97 33. πâÕß Ê  “¡“√∂„™â the π”Àπâ“ «à πµà“ß Ê ¢Õß√“à ß°“¬·≈–¢Õ߇ Õ◊È ºâ“ ‡™πà The neck §Õ The arm ·¢π The hair º¡ The collar §Õ‡ ÕÈ◊ The sleeve ·¢π‡ ÕÈ◊ „π°“√„™â a, an ·≈– the ¡’¢âÕ¬°‡«âπ∫“ߪ√–°“√ ∑π’Ë âÕß Ê §«√∑√“∫ 1. πÕâ ß Ê ‰¡µà Õâ ß„™â Article °∫— ¬“πæ“Àπ–∑°ÿ ™π¥‘ ∑Ë„’ ™„â π°“√‡¥π‘ ∑“ß ‡™πà by train ‚¥¬√∂‰ø by car ‚¥¬√∂¬πµå by plane ‚¥¬‡§√ËÕ◊ ß∫‘π by boat ‚¥¬‡√Õ◊ by taxi ‚¥¬√∂·∑°Á ´’Ë by bicycle ‚¥¬√∂®°— √¬“π by motorcycle ‚¥¬√∂®—°√¬“π¬πµå

98  ¥ÿ ¬Õ¥ GRAMMAR ¢Õâ ¬°‡«πâ F  ”π«πµàÕ‰ªπ’ȉ¡àµâÕß„™â Article ‡™πà on buffalo ¢Ë’§«“¬ on horseback ¢Ë’¡â“ on foot ¥â«¬‡∑â“ by land ‚¥¬∑“ß∫° by water ‚¥¬∑“ßπ”È at sea ‚¥¬∑“ß∑–‡≈ 2. πâÕß Ê ‰¡àµâÕß„™â Article °∫— ™Ë◊Õ∂ππ «ß‡«¬’ π  «π µ— «å «π—  ”§≠— ∑“ß»“ π“ ·≈–«π— À¬¥ÿ ∑“ß√“™°“√ ‡™πà Sukhumvit Road ∂ππ ¢ÿ ¡ÿ «∑‘ Rajdevi Circle «ß‡«’¬π√“™‡∑«’ Dusit Zoo  «π —µ«å¥ ÿ ‘µ All Saintûs Day «—π¡“¶∫Ÿ™“ Chakri Day «—π®—°√’ 3. πâÕß Ê ‰¡àµâÕß„™â Article π”Àπ“â ™ÕË◊ ‚√§ ‡™àπ Gastritis ‚√§°√–‡æ“–Õ“À“√Õ°— ‡ ∫ Hypotension ‚√§§«“¡¥π— ‚≈Àµ‘ µË” Hypertension ‚√§§«“¡¥π— ‚≈Àµ‘  ßŸ Dysentery ‚√§∫¥‘ Neurosis ‚√§ª√– “∑

Articles 99 4. πâÕß Ê ‰¡àµâÕß„™â Article °—∫π“¡∑’ˇªìπ™◊ËÕ ‡©æ“–¢Õß§π ‡™àπ Mr. Smith Miss. Lollar Mr. Beckham 5. πÕâ ß Ê ‰¡àµÕâ ß„™â Article °—∫§”π“¡∑’‡Ë ªìπ™◊ËÕ «™‘ “ À√Õ◊ ¿“…“ ‡™àπ Drawing «‘™“«“¥‡¢’¬π Scoutcraft «‘™“≈°Ÿ ‡ Õ◊ Statistics «‘™“ ∂‘µ‘ Archeology «™‘ “‚∫√“≥§¥’ Chinese ¿“…“®π’ German ¿“…“‡¬Õ√¡π— 6. πÕâ ß Ê ‰¡µà Õâ ß„™â Article °∫— ™Ë◊Õ ∑«’ª ª√–‡∑» ¡≈√—∞ ‡¡Õ◊ ßÀ≈«ß ‚√߇√’¬π «‘∑¬“≈—¬ À√Õ◊ ¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬ ∑Ë’ ‡ªì𧔧”‡¥¬’ « ‡™πà Asia ∑«’ª‡Õ‡™’¬ Europe ∑«ª’ ¬‚ÿ √ª Thailand ª√–‡∑»‰∑¬