Установление Советской власти в областях Казахстана (1917-1918)

3aBoaa oCrbHBHJiH 3adacTOoxy, BbWBHiiyB nejibiii pan, skohomhmcckhx H nOvlKTHMeCKHX TpedOBaHHfi. OjJHHM H3 TpedOBaHHH 6blJlO y 6 paTh ynpaB-iHiomero 3aBOAOM MeABeAeBa, CTpeMHBiuerocn coxpaHHTb CTa- pbie nopanxH Ha 3aB0Ae n npc>KHce decnpaBHoe noAontctme padOH'HX.1 ripHOCTaHOBHBIIIHHCH C OCBpaAbCXOH peBOJHOUHeH npH3b!B K33a- xob iia TbbiOBbie padoTbi orinoflb ne 03HaqaA hx A 6 ModHAH3auHH. B TypraficxoH odAacTH nweJiH MecTO CJiynan caMOBOJibiioro ocTaBJieHHa Ka3axaMH cbohx MecT iia ripeAnpHHTHax, padoTaiomnx iia Bonny, h OTKa3a ot padoTbi. O Tax Ha3biBaeMbix «decnopHAxax», npoH3BOAH- Mhix Ka3axa.viH, 3aHHTbiMH na pbidnux npoMNCAax ApaAbexoro MOpa, b MecTnocTH ryMbiuiKyjib Hpni3CKoro ye3Aa KadaprHHCXOH bojiocth H3BemaeT TCAerpa.MMa, HaripaBACHHaH TyprancKOMy odAacTHOMy xo- MHecapy.21 18 anpeiia 1917 roAa npcxpaTHAH padoTy padonne 3aBOAa TcpH- WTCHHa, MoKHHa H KyAPBUUCBa, npGA'bHBHB X03HCB3M p*IA TpcdOBa­ HHH, cpeAH KOTopux dbuio TpedoBanne 8-nacoBoro padowero ahji h yBeJiHMeHHH pacuenox.3 31 wan 3adacTOBaAH padonne xoiicepoHoro 3aBO;ia TypraflcKoro BoeHHO-npoMbruuieHHoro KOMHTeTa BCAeACTBHe iicyzioBJieTBOpeHHH hx TpedoBaiiHM aAMHHHCTpauHefl 3aBOAa. B iiana- Jie hiojih, yrpo>xaji 3adacTOBxoii, npeA'bflBHAH pan. TpedoBaHHii sam h - HHCTpauHH padoHHe KO>KeBCHHoro 3a&OAa (c. TpOHUKoe OpeHdypr- ckoto ye3Aa), BbinoJiHHBUiero BOCHHbie 3aKa3bi.4 OAHOBpeMeHHO c padoHHM abh >kchhcm HaHHuaeTCH h ABH>KenHe cpeAH cojiAar MCCTHbix rapHH30H0B, oTAejibiibix xa3aqbnx qacreft, HanpaBJieiiHoe npoTHB HCHaBHCTHbix hm o(f>HuepoB. Tax, 15 Man 1917 roAa codpanne xa3axoB 6 -ro opcHdyprcxoro xa3aqhero noAxa BbiHec- Jio peuieHHe cweiiHTb h h3t>htb H3 noAxa pjiA aojijkhocthlix a h u , n tom HHcyie h KOMaHAHpa noAxa, xax necooTBeTcrByiomHx npooeAe- hhk> ACMOKpaTimecKnx HawaA b nacTH.5 HapnAy c 3adacTOBOHHbiM ab h ^kchhcm padoqnx h poctom BOJiiie- hhh cpeAH coAAaT, pacTeT B03MymeHHe h cpeAH xpecTbHH, yHauj,aK)T- ch cyiyqan «caMOBOAbHoro» saxBa-ra KpecTbHHaMH aeMejibHbix h AecHbix yroAHfi xax qacTHOBAaAeJibqecKHx, Tax h xaaeHHbix. 26 anpeAn 1200 hcaobck >khtcach ayAa Ns 5 BaxdaxTHHcxoH boaocth AxTiodHiicxoro ye3Aa, codpaBuiHCb Ha ayAbiibiH cxoa, no- CTaHOBHAH OTCTpaHHTb OT AOA>XHOCTH ypHAHHKa JleHTOBCXOrO H C03- AaTb ayAbHbiH xomhtct.6 B AxTiodHHCxyx) ye3AHyio ynpaBy dbiAo HanpaBACHO pemeHHe ayAbHoro cxoAa ayAa JSTs 3 Macxcxoh boaocth 3a noAnncbX) 40 weAOBex o hcoOxoahmocth Bbidopa hoboto ayAbHoro npeAceAaTeAH bmccto H3dpaHHoro panee dan >KyaHoaa.7 IloAodiibie TpedOBaHHH O CMCHe MeCTHOft aAMHHHCTpaUHH — BOAOCTHblX ynpa- 1 ra3era «H obocth a'Hr», JST® 44, 1917 r. 2 U.rAOP KaaCCP, 17, on. 1, a . 23, ji. 54. 3 I'aaeTa «OpeH6yprcKaH >KH3Hb», K? 968, 28 anpeAa 1917 r. 4 TaaeTa «3apa», Ns 64, 5 hioah 1917 r. 5 BocHHbiii apxHB y36e.KCKoii CCP, 4>- 4, on. 1, a.. 233 ji 23 6 U rA O P KaaCCP. 18. on. 1, A. 19, a . 4. 7 TaM >Ke, A. 5, a . 105. 100

BHTejiCH h ayjibHfaix CTapuiHH — Cijjih Bi,i;iBHiiyTbi b pnfle BOJiocrefi h ayji-cm. KpecrbHHe Tpc6 yiOT yiiHMTOJKeHHH wacTHoft coScTBennocTH Ha 3eMjno, nepeflawn 3Cmjih b pyKH iiapofla. Tan, cok>3 Hkobjicbckoto, Ky^ib6 ancKoro h OpTaMcaiicKoro nocejiKOBbix rpa/KaaHCKHx KOMHTe- tob EKaTepniioc-naBCKOH bojiocth A ktioOhhckoto yesfla Ha 3aceflanHH ot 19 anpe^H 1917 rofla eflHnoiviacHO nocraHOBH.i: co3flaib Hcnan- HHTCflbllblft oprail, 06fl3aHHblft 3aUlHIUaTb HHTCpCCbl TpyAOBOrO KpeCTbHHCTBa H pyKOBOflHTb BCeMH KpGCTbHHCKPiMH OpraiIH3aUHflMH 0 6 'bC^HHHBiiiHXCH paAonoB; Tpe6 oBaTb OTMeHhi wacTHoft co6 cTBen- hocth Ha 3eMflio h nepeflawn ee b no;ib30BaHHe Hapofla iia ypaBim- TeJibHbix Tpy^oBbix nawajiax.1 I la npoTH>KeHHH nowTH Bcero Man 1917 rofla b KycTaiiaiicKOM ye3fle iiatfjifOflajmcb cflywaw 3axBaTa Jiecubix /law h yroflHH.21 15 Man Ha 3aceflaHHH TypraficKOH oGjiacTHofi ynpaBbi 6biflo 3a- Cflyuiano coofimeiiHe o «6ecnopHflKax», npOHcmefliiiHX b c. KaMeHCKOM KycranaHCKoro ye3fla.3 10 hiohb 1917 rofla rpa>KflaHe noceflKa CBarocflaBCKoro BojibiuoA boaocth KycTanancKoro yc3fla, coOpaBiiiHecn Ha ceJibCKHft cxofl, bw- nec-TH nocraHOB.ieHHc: «...WTo6bi Hapofl caM ycTanaBJiHBaji 3aKOHbi, a MHHHCTpbl 6 bLlH OTBCTCTBCHHbl IlGpefl HapOflOM*, BC6MH CHJI3MH floOH- BaTbCH yHHWTOJKeHHH MaCTHOH COOCTBeilHOCTH Iia 3eMfllO, a 3eMflIO o6 pa6 aTbiBaib coOctbciihum TpyflOM; bchkhh, kto o6 pa6 aTUBaeT scmjho, hmcji 6 bi npaBO Ha nafleJi*. B riocTaiioBfleiiHH yKa3biBa.nocb T3K>Ke Ha HCOOxOflHMOCTb 0103310*1 rocyflapcTBeiniofi nOMOIHH 6efl- HeHiue.viy nacefleHHio.4 B TCflerpaM.vic H3 Opcudypra ot 1 hiohh 1917 rofla, nocjiaiiHoA MecTHbiMH BflacTHMH BpCiVieHHoro npaBHTe.ibCTBa b fleTporpafl, ro- BopHTCH, wto b KycTanaftcKOM ye3fle KpecTbHHe saxBamaH Ka3CHHyio flawy, apecTona^H flecimwero h cTpa>Ky.5 K cepeflnue hkwih seivieflb- Hbie saxsaTbi, a TaKX<c caMOBaibHbie nopy^KH Jieca, ocoOeimo b Apy- KeparaHCKofi h ycaxcKOH flawax iiacTo.wbKO ywacm-incb h npHHHflH T3KHC uiHpOKHe pasMepbi, wto opraHbi BpeMeHHoro npaBHTejibCTBa Bbic.wa.nn Ha mccto pory coflflaT ajih «npeKpaiueiiHH OeciiopnflKOB*.6 OflHOH H3 Mep 6 opb6 br C KpCCTbHHCKHM pCBOfllOUHOHHbIM flBHHO- HHe.M HBH.WOCb C03flaHHe BpCMeHHbIM npaBHTCflbCTBOM F/iaBHOTO 3C- MCJIbHOTO KOMHTera HKOtfbl «flflJI nOflrOTOBKH 3CMCJIbH0fi pecjjOpMbl H pa3pemcHHH neKoropbix BonpocoB, CB*i3aHHbix c 3e.MJieft». 3eMeflbHbie KOMHTeTbi, co3fla»Hbie Ha MecTax no THny aroro ywpe>KfleiiHH, h 6 ujih npeflHa3Hawenhi ajih yflepwaHio KpecTbHHCTBa ot caMOBOflbHbix 3a- XB3T0B 3ewflH. H x flemejibHOCTb noflywHJia iiJHpoKoe pacnpocTpaHenne b TypraflcKoft otfjiacTH. 1 UTAOP Ka3CCP, <£. 18, on. 1, a . 5, Ji. 105. 2 TaM m c , a . 23, ji. 14. 3 Taw >Ke. 4 TaM >Ke, A. 8, ji. 31. 5 UTAOP CCCP, $ 406, 2-fi ota, A- 8, q. 15, jui. 67—68. 6 UTAOP KaaCCP. 18. on. 1. a. 8. j\\. 50. 101

y>Ke nepe3 necKOAbKo /weft nocjie o6pa30BaHHH HiaBHoro 3e- MejibHoro KOMHTeTa, 14 hiohh 1917 roAa, AKTK>6HHCKaa ye3AHaa ynpaBa w ye3AHbiH 3eMeAbHbifi komhtct HanpaBHJin cnemiaAbHhiH UHpKy.THp BCeM BOJIOCTHbIM, nOCeJTKOBLJM H ayJIbHbIM KOMHTeTaM, B kotopom onoBcmajiH pyccKoe h Kasaxcnoe iiacejieHHe o tom, hto cnpeAb ao pa3pemeHHH 3eMeAbHoro Bonpoca b yqpeAHreAbHOM coo- paHHH hhkto He hmcct npaBa noAb3o»aTbC5i OTpy6iibiMH yiacTKa.MH h o6po4iibiMH CT3Tb>iMH 6e3 cooTBeTCTByiomero apcHAHoro AoroBopa; HTO Ca.MOBO.TbHblH 3aXB3T 3C.\\ieAb He AOnyCKaeTCH H BHHOBHbIC B ueM ii b Apyrnx HapyiuenHJix nop&AKa 3eM.nenaTb30BanH« 6 y jiy j rioABep- raTbca OTBCTCTBeHHOCTH no cyAy.1 Pa3yMeeTCH, 3to npeAynpe/KAeHiie He MOTJIO OCTailOBHTb 6opb6bI KpeCTbHH 3a 36MAIO. j^BaxcAU, 4 h 29 hioah 1917 roAa, Ha 3aceAaHHH AKTio6HiicKofi ye3AHofl ynpaBbi sacAyuiHBaAOCb AOHeceHiie T a m ap-yTKyAbcxo h bo- AocTHofi ynpanbi o caMOBOJibiiOM noKOce, npoH3BeACHHOM tie/WHKaMH Ka3axaMH na Ayrax KpynHoro 6aa ^aBJiemw TbiHbiMrnpeeBa.12 18 aarvcTa 1917 roAa iia cxoAe ceAa MHxaftAOBCKoro (UJapAbiK) npeAcejaTCJib MecTHoro cejibcKoro KOMHTeTa otkpwto npn3WBaA >kii- Tejiefi ce.ia k HeMeAJieHiiOMy 3axBaiy 3eMCJib y 3eMJieB.TiaAeAbu.eB, yKa3biBan, m o 3a 3axoaT 3eMAH «Hireero ne 6yAer». OAHaKO Heo6xOAHMO OTMeTHTb, HTO, HCCMOTpH Ha aKTHBHOCTb TpyAHlUHXCH Macc o6.naCTH, 60JlbUIHHCTB0 HX BblCTyilAeHHft HOCHJIO CTHXHHHblH XapaKTCp. /lo lieKOTOpOH CTeneilH 3TO ofrbHCHHeTCH TeM, 4T0 COBeTbl He CyMeAH B03rA3BHTb HX, Tax KaK b TypraiicKOH o6Aac- th b CoBerax pa6oHHx, coaabtckhx, KpecrbHHCKnx h MycyAbMaHCKHx AenyTaTOB b nepBbie Mecnubi nocAe <J>eBpaAbCKoft peBOAiounn 6oae>- uihhctbo npHH3AAe>KaA0 MeHbuieBHKaM h acepaM, a T3KA<e 6yp>Kya3- Ho-HauHonaAHCTimecKHM 3AeMeiiT3M. noAAHHHbie JKe npeACTaBHTe- AH TpyAHLUHXCH MaCC B COBeTaX tiblAH B MeilbUJHHCTBe. Pa3yMeeTCH, TaKHe CoBeTbi, b tom qHCJie h TyprancKHH o6jiacT- HOH CoBCT paCoqHX, COAAaTCKHX H KpeCTbHHCKHX AenyTaTOB, B nep- Bbie Mecnubi nocAe peBOAiouHH 33hhm3ah no3HHHio noAAep>KKH Bpe- MeiiHoro npaBHTeAbCTBa, Tpe6oBaAH 11poaoa>ke hhh HMnepnaAHCTH- qecKOH BoiiHbi « ao no6eAiioro KOHua» h otka aa bibaa h pa3pemeHHe aeMeAbHoro Bonpoca ao ywpeAHTeAbHoro cotfpaHHH. Byp>Kya3H0-HauH0H3AHCTH4ecKHe 3AeMeHThi peuiHTeAbHO 6opo- AHCb npOTHB pOCTa peBOAlOUHOKHOTO BAHHHHH Ha TpyAHHXHeCH Maecbl H npHHHMaAH BCe Mepw, 4T06bI He AOnyCTHTb 6OAbIIieBHK0B Ha TaK Ha3biBaeMbie KHprH3CKHe c*be3AU. Ha HprH3CKOM ye3AHOM c”be3Ae, npoxoAHBiueM b asrycTe 1917 roAa, ne TOAbKO He AonycTHAH BbiCTyn- AeiiHH 6oAbmeBHKa A jih6h ,H>KaHrHAbAHHa, ho b OTBeT na ero ipe- 6oBaHiie npeAocTaBHTb eMy cjiobo no TeKymeMy MOMeiiTy ahluhah ero npaBa yqacTBOBaTb b 3aceAamuix Cbe3Aa, Aa>Ke c npaBOM coBe- maTe-TbHoro roAoca.3 1 «H3DecTHH Typraflcxoro otfjiacTHoro rpa*AaHCKoro KOMHTeTa* N° 5 1917 r. 2 U rA O P KaaCCP, $. 18. a . 19, ji. 16. 3 TaM ace, $. 544, on. 1, a . 2, a . 127. 102

HecMOTpa Ha Bee vchjjhh 6yp>xya3Hbix JiauHOHa.iHCTOB, xa3ax* CKHe TpyAHiUHecsi, ocoOchho CeanoTa, nocTeneinio Ha co6 cTBen- hom oribue y6ox.na.iHCb b tom, kto HBJiaeTCH hx apyroM h kto uparoM. C oceiiH 1917 rona ycHJiHBaeTca peBO„ix)HHOHHoe ABHwetiHe b T ypraficKofi o6.iac.TH. Kax h bo ncefl crpane, oho He To.ibKo imipH- .nocb, no h npHHHMajio iioBbie, 6oviec ocTpwe (JiopMbi. B OpcH6ypre h iipyrux ropoAax o6.iacTH poc.no peBOJiioUHonnoe ABiiwenne pa6o- hhx. Ha pn/ie npezuTpHHTHA npoHcxoAHJin 3a6acTOBi<H. Tax, 28 ao- rycTa 3a6acTOBa.io 1500 pa6o»iHx iuepcTOMoex OpeH6ypra, Ha pexe ypavi,1pa6oiine Typraficxoro nyryiioJiHTeHHoro 3aBOAa h Apyrne.23 HcnbiTbinan npHTCCHCHun n Bcnxoro poAa 6e33axoiiHH, MHHWMhie (J>eonajibHo-6 aftcKoft BepxyuiKOH, TpyAnuiHeca CHana-ia >xa.ioBa.iHCb Ha cbohx yrHeTaTC.iert npeact abhTe^rhm bjibcth BpeMeHHoro npaBH- Te-ibCTBa, a no3>xe, xor/ia yBHAOJiH, hto >xa.io6 bi ne homoivih, cTajin AefiCTBonaTb 6 o.iee axTHBHo h caMocTOHTeJibHO. Tax, b Typrawcxyio o6.iacTnyio ynpaoy 6 bUio noAano 3aaB.aeiiHe xa3axoB ayjia .V? 10 7l>xeMxyapCKOH bojiocth KycTaHaficxoro ye3Aa o tom, mto 6 afi Cyjieft- MaH Bhpkvtob « iiomhmo o6 mero coiviacHH b Te^eHne 10 JieT h36h- pa.icfl ay.abHbiM CTapimmoH Aio^bMn H3 HHCJia ero ctopohhiixob* h « ne npHHOCH.n HHxaKon noJib3bi o 6 mecTBV». Tax xax o6.iacTHaH ynpa- Ba He npHHHJia HHxaxHx Mep, to nacTh >KHTejiefi stoto ayjia b 3nax npoTecTa npoTHB BupxyTOBa pcmaeT BUAcaHTbcn b OTAejib- hwh ayji* 2 ceHTn6pn 1917 rojia b ry >xe yripany 6bi.na no^aHa >xa.io6a xa3axOB ay.ia J\\fe 2 TaMap-yTKV.ibcxoH bo.iocth AxTFo6HHCxoro ye3Aa Ha ay.Tbnoro erapmHHy 6an BatfMyxaMeAooa 3a HenpaBHyibHbre Aefi- ctbhh b Bonpoce pacxjiaAXH xHOnronHoft noAaTH h H36paHHH agcht- ckhx no ayjiy.4 Bee sth 6e33axoHHH Bbi3biB3JiH neroAOBaiiHe Tpyzw- ihhxch. AHTHnapoAnan no.iHTHxa opraiiOB BpeMeHHoro npaBHTeJibCT»a npOHBJIH.iaCb B HX OTHOIIieHHH X Hy>KABM TpyAHmHXCfl. BMeCTO C03- AaHHH iiixo.n h 6o.ibHHu oG.iacTHan, yc3AHbie h BOAOCTHbie ynpaBbi Hcno.ib30BaAH HMeroiunecn y hhx cpeACTBa Ha C0Aep>xaHHe mhjihuhh h apvthx xapaTe.ibiibix opraHOB. KycTanaHcxan ye3AHan ynpaoa ot- xa3a.iacb y/ioBJieTBopHTb xOAaTancTBo /KHTejieft C mhpiiobckoh boao- cth KycTaHaficxoro ye3Aa 06 OTxpbiTHH b bojiocth Me/iHUHHcxoro Bpa'ieOnoro nyHKTa.5 Bee HMeiomnecfi y nee xpeAHTbi, no npeAJio>xe- hhio Typraficxofi o 6 .iac.THoft ynpaBhi, oHa Hcno.ib30Ba.ri a Ha cojiep>xa- HHe pa3AyToro uiTaTa mh.ihuhh.6 HniopHpoBaHife Tpe6oBaHnft tpvahihhxch Macc boohhio y6e>KAa- .10 HapoAHbie Maccbi b tom, «ito ot 6yp>xya3HOH B.iacTH ohh He noay- 1 ra3era cHobocth 44, 1917 r. 2 ra3cra «OpcHCyprcKHfi Kpafi», J^? 384, 1917 r. 3 H rA O P KaaCCP, <p. 18, on. 1, a . 8, n. 14. 4 Taw >kc, A- 19, ji. 16. 5 TaM we, a . 8, j i . 9. 6 T s m « e . ji. 6. 103

naT hh xJie6a, hh 3eMJiH, hh ocboSo^ achhh ot counaAbHoro h Ha- UHOHa^ibHoro ymeTenHH. O a HHM H3 51PKHX npOHBJieilHfl aUTHIiapOAHOM IIOAHTHKH BpeweH- Horo npaBHTCJibCTDa 6 u a o npecAeAOBaHHe yqacTHHKOB BoccTaiiHfl 1916 roAa. KapaTGAbHbie skchcahuhh 6 u a h 0T03BaHbi AHiiib no rpc- OouaHHio nerporpaACKoro CoBeTa, k KOropoMy oSpaTHAca A. Z^KaH- THJIbAHH. KoMHccapbi BpeMeHHoro npaBHTCJibCTBa peiHHAH pacnpaBHTbca c HapoAHbiM rcpoc.M AM anrejibAw HMaHOBbiM, w in qero 6 tu i ycTpoeH cyA HaA AMaHreJibAbi. 3 a yqacTHe b BoccTaiiHH cyA 6hcb npuroBOpHA ero k ccuJiKe b CnCHpb, a Ha noBCTaHueB h s a o k h a KoiiTpuOyuHK).1 npH6wBiiJHH b TypraftcKHH yc3A yiioAHOMoqenHbiH IleTporpaACKoro CoBera 6ojibiueBHK A jih6hh ^ncaHrHAbAHH pciiJHTeAbiio BbiCTynHA npOTHB KaKOH-JlH6o KOHTpn6yUHH H OT HMeHH CoBeTa nOTpeCOBaA HeMeAACHiioro yAaACHHH 6 aftcKHx npuxBocTHcft H3 BaTnaK-Kapw. BbiCTyiuieHHe AxcaurHJibAHHa boomhio noKaaaAo TpyAHLUHMca Ka3a- xaM, qbH nnrepecbi 3amHmaK>T CoAbincBUKH. TpyAniUHCCH TypraHCKoii odnacTH HaqHHaioT Bee 6o;iee npHOfr maTbCH K peBOAKJUHOHHOMy ABH>KeHHK). «MaCCbI y»IHAHCb sajumaM peBOJiiouHH H3 co6cTBeimoro oiibira 6opbdbi»21,— riHcaji B. H. JleHHH 06 3TOM ncpHOAG pa3BHTH5I peBOAK>UHH. TeJierpaMMU h nucbMa TpvAamHxcn h npoTOKOAbi 3aceAaHHH Co- BCTOB TOBOpHT O TOM, 4TO TpyAHLUHCCfl odAaCTH C B03MymGHHeM BCTpeTHAH H3BeCTHe O KOlITppeBOAIOUHOIIHOM BblCTynACHHH. KopiIH- AOBa. IIo cA e pa3rpOMa kophhaobckoto MHTexca y c u jM B a e T c n itoahth- MecKoe BAHHHHe CoAbujeaHCTCKoi'i napTHH Ha Maccw, aBTopHTer Cojib- uieBHKOB noBceMecTHo B03pacTaeT. BoAbmeBHKH TypraftcKOH odAaCTH pa3BepHyAH orpoMHyio MaccoBo-noAHTHwecKyio padoTy. Bo scex ropOAax o6a 3Cth ycHAHAacb ACHTeAbfiocTb doAbiueBHCTCKHx rpynn. BoAbuieBHKH OpeHdypra b ceHTHdpe 1917 roAa b u iiia h H3 o6 t>cah- HeHnozi c MeHbiueBHKaMH counaA-AeMOKpaTHqecKofi opranH3amiH h C03ABAH CBOIO 6oAbllJeBHCTCKyiO OpraHH3aiXHK), HaC4HTblBaBlUyiO OKO- ao 40 qeAOBeK. OHa npHCTynHAa k H3AaHHio CBOeH ra3eTbi «ripoAeTa- p B o a p O C A O BAHHHHe OOAbliieBHCTCKOli rpynnw B AKTlo6HliCKe. AKTiodHHCKHe OoAbiueBHKH, padoTazoiUHe noA pyKOBOACTBOM 3HirqeH- ko, ycHAHAH peBOAiounoHiiyio arHTauHio h nponaraHAy cpeAH Tpyan- iuhxch ropoAa h coaabt rapHH30Ha. B od-heAHHeHHbix c MCHbineBHKa- mh counaA-AeMOKpaTHqecKHx opranH3auHHX, Kan, HaripHMep, b Kyc- TaHae, co3AaAocb Kpennoe doAbineBHCTCKOe HApo. HpudbiBiiiHe b K ycTaHaft doAbiueBHKH JleTyHOB, HH03eMueB, OpOAOB h Apyrne BM6CT6 C HaXOAHBIUHMHCH T3M paHee 6oAbUieBHKaMH p33BepHyAH aKTHBuyio AenreAbHOcrb cpeAH HacejienHH.3 1 <BecTHHK AH Ka3CCP>, 1953, Ns 7, crp. 35. 2 B . H. e h mh, Coh., t. 27, H3A A, CTp. 65. 3 BocnoMHHaHHH C. C. y>KrHHa (ota&ti pyKonHceft HiioTHryTa hctodhh AH Ka3CCP). 104

K ocenn 1917 roAa ycHJiHBaeTca bahhkhc 6o.ibiueBHKOB b CoBe- T3X. OrKpHBaeTCH IIOJTOCa 0>KHB.ieHHH COBCTOB, HX 6o.,IblIieBH3aUHH. y>xe b cepeah He aBrycTa b ixeHTpe TypraflcKOfl o<5.iacTH, b Opendypre, npoHcxonsiT nepcBbi6opbi MecTHoro CoBCTa paOoiHx AenyTaron, b pc3yjibTaTe KOTopux 6ojibUiHHCTBO b CoBeTe 0Ka3WBaercB 3a 6oAb- UICBHK3MH. HciIOAKOM CoBeTa TBK>Ke H3()Hp3eTCfl 6oAbLLieBHCT- CKHK.1 B ojib m yio arnTauHOMHo-nponaraiiAHcrcKyio h opraHH3auHOHHyio paCoTy npoBOAHA b TypraficK ofi 06/iacTH 6 o;ibuicBHK A jih6 h /IntaH- mnbAHH.2 O h BbiCTynaeT 11a MHoroMHCJieHHbix cotfpaHHax KpecTban- CKOH GeAHOTbl, 3H3KOMHT MaCCbl C 3aAaH3MH, KOTOpbIC CT3BHT 60.1b- iucbhkh, pa3o6AanaeT rnycubie Bbi.Mbic.ibi a.iam-opAUHueB h hx nw- naAbl npOTHB 60.1 bIIieBHK0B. Bo.ibiueBHCTCKaH arHTauHH bcc uiHpe pa3BepThiBacrca cpeAH Tpy- Ahihwxch Macc. Hugh couHa-iHCTHHCCKOH pcboaiouhh npoHHKaioT h b K33axCKHH ay.l. KpOMC MeCTHUX 60JIblIieBHK0B, HOCHTeJIHMH peBOJHO- UHOHHbix iiacK b avJiax HB.ia.iHCb Ka3axn, B03BpamaBiuneca c THAO- Bbix pa6oT, h npuSbiBaiomne b o6jiacTb cojiAarbi-cJjpoHTOBHKH, npo- meAuiHe na (JjpoHTe ripexpacHyio uiKo.iy peBO.uoiuiH. B pe3y.ibTaTC b ce.HT5i6pe h OKTaGpe 1917 roAa b TypraiteKOii oCiiacTH nponcxoAHT paA peBOAiouHOHHbix BbicTyn.iCHHH paGomix, co.iAax, AepeBencKoA 6eAHOTbi. PeBOAIOUHOHHOe B.lHHHHe H arHTaUHH 6o.lbIUeBHKOB 3aXBaTbIBaiOT h C0.1A3TCKVK) Maccy MecTHbix rapHH30H0B. 17 oKTa6pa 1917 ro.ia co6paHHe co.iAaT Open6yprcKoro ra p H H 3 0 »a , na kotopom npncyTCT- BOBa.io oko.io 300 aenoBeK, aacAymaB AOK.iaA 6oJibiuenHKa C. M. LlBHAAHHra no TeKymeMV MOMeiiTy, Bbineaio peuieHiie, hto eAMHcr- bchhum cnacenneM peBO.uouHH aBAaeTca nepeAaia Been barcth Co- BeraM pa6o>m.\\, cojaarcKiix h KpecTbanCKHx AenyTaTOB. Co.iAarbi norpcdoBajin hemea aghhoh ncpeAann noMeiiunibetf 3eM.m 6e3 bchkoto BbiKyna KpecTbancKifM 3eMeAbHWM KOMHreTaM, noc.ia.in npuBeTCTBHC peBo.iiouHOHHbiM MopaxaM Ba.mfftcKoro (J).iora h noTpeOoBa.iH npe- KpamcHHa HMnepnaAifcrKHecKOH bohhw.3 C.iyian HenoAiHHeHHa npHK333M ocpnnepoB u BbicuieM y bochho- My iiaaa.ibCTBy Ha6AioAaK)Tca n am e b OTAQjibiiux KaaaiMix nacTax. PcBo.nouHOMHoe ABH>KeiiHc 3axBaTbiBaer HCKoropyfo lacTb Open6ypr- CKoro Ka3aaccTBat aacTb ero HaHHHaeT TaroTHTbca noAimeHCKHMH o6a3amiocTaMH. P haobuc Ka3ai<H, nec.MOTpa na ownAaBinyio hx cy- pOByio pacnpaBy, OTKa3biBaiOTca BbicTynaTb npoTHB 6o.ibiucBHKOB. 19 OKia6pa Ka3aKH KOHHO-ny,ieMeTHofi KOManAw 17-ro OpeHtfyprcKO- ro Ka3aiibero no.ixa 0TKa3a,iHCb BbinoAimTb npHKa3 o Bbiciyn.iennH b TaiiJKCHT ajih noA3B.iCHHa pcBO.iiou.HOiNioro Bbicryn.ieHHa paOoiHx h na o6mew co6paHHH BbinecAH peuienne: «TaK Kax BAacTb HMymne xotht cbohmh pacnopa>KGHHHMH noBecTH K333K0B na 6paTbeo-pa- 1 Ta3eTa «3apa», 3 ceHTn6p« 1917 r. 2 UFA OP KasCCP, 18. on. 1, a . 4, ji. 54. a <ypaJibCKHA pa6o«ufi», X* 23, 28 okthGph 1917 r. 105

6o m ix h KpeCTbHH h Bbi3BaTb cpeAH hhx 6 pa roy^HficTBeHiibie ctojik- HOBeiiHH, pacnopfl/Kennii tskh x hg HcnoAHHTb. . . * 1 3 tot (J>aKT noKa3biBaeTt hto npouecc peBOAiouHOHH3HpoBaHHH, 3axBaTHBuiHfi nomH Bee cjioh rpyAOBoro Hace^icuna TyprancKOH 0 6 - JiacTH, ne npoiueji mhmo Ka3aiiecTBa. CpeAH hhx noaBAjnoTCH iio.’ih - thmcckh 3peJibie ajoah, KOTOpbie era ah npoBO^HTb pas-bHCHHieAbiiyio pa6 oTy cpeAH pflAOBbix Ka3aKOB, npo6 y>Kj.aH hx KAaccoBoe C03Ha- Hwe. B 20-x Hucviax oKTnfipn Ka3aK EpmoB BbiCTynH.i b ra3e ie « H 3 - BecTHH» co cneuaa.ibHOH CTaTbeH, noApo(5no h 0 6 ocnoBaHHO pa3i>nc- hhh Ka3 awecTBy, m o CoceT Coio3 a Ka3 a4 bHx bohck2 othioab ne hbahgtch npcA^-TaBHTGJibHbim oprano.w TpyAOBoro Ka3aliecrBa. FIo- A o6 nbie cTaTbH h BbicTyruieiiHH oTAeAbHbix npeACTaBHTGAeft rpy^oBoro KasanecTBa, b KOTopbix noAHepKHBaAacb necoBMecTHMocTb HHTepe- cob 3a>KHT0liH0H KVAanK0-Ka3auK0H BepxyiiiKH h 6 e^neHiiiero ipyAo- Boro Ka3a4ecTBa, pa3yMeercH, 0Ka3biBaAn onpeAeAemioe peBOAiomi- oim oe B03jeftcTB«e na psiAOBbix Ka3aKOB. Bee 6o..ibiue otfocTpnAacb peBOAFOUHOHHafl 6 opb6a TpyAOBoro KpeCTbHHCTBa. FIpeACTaBHTeJIH KpeCTbHHCTBa OTKpbITO 3aHBA51AH, HTO ohh He npH3naiOT BJiacTH BpeMenfioro HpaBHTeAbCTBa, a k 3T0.\\iy >xe npH3biBa.iH ApyrHx. 21 aBrycTa ua aaceAannn BacnAbencKOH ceAb- ckoh ynpaBbi AK6yAaKCKOH boaocth AKTio6 HircKoro ye3Aa pa36wpaA- Cfl Bonpoc O npHBvieqeHHH K OTBeTCTBeHHOCTH KpeCTbHHHHa TpHropHH rOHliapeHKO 3a HenpH3HanHe BpeMeHHoro npaBHTejibCTBa.3 AnaJio- THMHbie (})aKTbl HMQJIH MeCTO H B Ka33XCKHX BOAOCT5IX. Ha 3aceAaHHH A ktio6hhckoh ye3A»OH ynpaBbi o6cy>KAaAocb 21 ceHTH(5pa 1917 ro- Aa 3aHBAeHHe TaAHAHHCKOH BOJiocTHoft ynpaBbi ayjia Ns 2 o neBbi- noAHCHHH Tpe6oBaHHH ayAbiioro h boaocthoto rpa>KAaHCKnx komh- TeTOB HX 4AeHOM MxCaHOM BaHTypAHHblM H ApyrHMH, a TaK>Ke 06 hx KaTeropnqecKOM OTK33e noahhhhThen bascth BpeMeHHoro npa- BHTGAbCTBa. B CBH3H C 3THM 6 bIAO IIpHHHTO peilieHHe npUBACHb yKa- aaHHbix a h a k OTBeTCTBeHHOCTH.4 KpecxbsiHc ccAB FIpeo6 pa>KeHCKoe 33XB3THAH ripeo6pa>KeiicKyio Aecnyio Aany. 8 non(5pH 1917 roAa o6A>eAHHeHHoe 3aceAaHHe 3eMeAbHbrx KOMirreTOB KycTaiiancKoro ye3Aa no TpeSoBannio KpecTbHH npHHHAo peuieime: o :ro6 paTb uep- KOBHbie 3eMAH y AyxoBencTBa, KOTopoe He o6 pa6 arbiBaeT hx ahhhum TpyAOM.5 HeAOBOAbCTBO noAHTHKofi BpeMeiiiioro npaBHTeAbCTBa, BbicTyn- AeHHH npOTHB HMnepnaAHCTHHCCKOH BOHHbl, 3a H€MGAAeHHOe 3 3 KAIO- Heinie MHpa natfAioAaAHCb h cpeAH Apyrnx CAoeB naceAeHHH. B ceH- m 6 pe— oKTflCpe 1917 ro;xa b A ktfo6 hhck6 h Apyrux ropoAax oCabcth ua noHBe roAOAa h Bceo6 m ero yxyAmenHa noAO>KeHH5i rpyAHmuxca 1 BoeinihiA apxnn CCCP, cj). 3, on. I, a. 410. 2 Co3^a» AVI5I KOOPA.HH3UHH AeHTeJlbHOCTH Ka3a«lbHX BOHCK B IieAflX KOHueH- TpailHH KOHTppeHOAIOJIHOHHbIX CHJ1 6opb6u C OKT«6pbCKOH peBOAIOUHefl.— flpuM. aoTopa. 3 H rA O P Ka3CCP, tj). 18, a . 19, q. 2, on. 1. 4 TaM jkc. 8 «OpeH6ypraaiH Ka3anHii BecriniK>, Ns 70, 4 noa6pn 1917 T 106

Macc npoHcxojiHT BOJineHHH co.maTOK h ropoACKoft 6 eA»OTbi. 19 cch- T «6pn 1917 rona TOJina OTnycKHbix co/ia s t h cojiabtok OKpy>KHAa SAairue A ktioGhhckoh ye3AHoft 3eMCKoft yrrpanbr h noTpetforiaJia ot aAMHHHCTpaUHH HeMCAACHHOFO yAOBJieTBOpeilHH HX ACllOKHLIM no- coCneM h cyTOMHbiM AOBO.ibCTBHeM, yrpo>Kan b npoTHBHOM CJiynae pa3rpo\\in7 b 3Aaime ynpaou. B CB5I3H c JiaapeBaiomHM b CTpaHC pCBoaiouHomibiM noA'beMOM B03pacTaeT h peBo.ruouHOHHan aKTHBHOCTb tpyahiuhxch Macc 06- jibcth, ;iBn>KeiiHe CTaHOBHTcn Bee 6o;iee MaccoBbiM. He c.iyqaHHo MecTHaa anw.HiiHCTpau.Hfi Typraftcnofi o6.iacTH b oKTnSpe I 9 l 7 roAa AOHocmia cBoe.My nauaJibCTBy o hco6xoahmocth npHHHTHH peiiiHre.ib- Hbtx Mep ajih npeAOTBpamcHHJi Ha3peBaioinero b Ka3axcKOH cTenw BceoC m ero B occratuiH . *** floCeAa BeJiHKofi OicTS!6 pbcKOft couHajiHCTHuecKoft pcbo.tiou.hh b ueHTpe, 6 bicTpoe pacnpocipancHue couua/iHCTHqecKoft peno.nojihh no iieo6*bfiTiibiM npociopa\\i cipaiibi Bbi3Ba.m ueObmaAbiH pocr pe- B0.T[OUHO!IIIO-OCBO6 OAHTC.lbHOr0 H KpeCTbHHCKO-AeMOXpaTHaeCKOrO ABn>KeiiHa na nauHOHaJibiibix onpannax. O ho Haia.iKHBa.nocb iia ot- yanHHoe conpoTHiviejiHe ocex KOHTppeiKvnouHOHHbix cha. B Typrafi- ckoh o6.iacTH n 6 opb6 e npoTHB peBOAiouHH o6i>eAHHHJiHCb 6 yp>Kya- 3hh h 6e.iOKa3aMbe ot|)HuepcTBO OpenOyprcKoro Ka3aHbero Boftcna, pyccKHe KyAaKH-KOJioiiH3aTopu h 6 aficKO-(J)eoAajTbiiaH BepxymKa, scepbi, MOHbmcBHKH h 6yp>Kya3Hbie hauh ohajihcrbi. Oahbko b .iHue Ka3axcKHx TpyAnmuxcn, 3Kcn.iyaTHpyeMbix pyc- ckhx KpecrbHH-nepece.ienucB, a TaiOKe tfeAHOTbr H3 epe^w Ka3auecr- Ba CoBeTCKan BAacTb HMe^a Kpenuyio h Bepnyio onopy. ycTaHOBJieiiHe C obctckoh B.iacTH b ueHTpe TyprancKOH ofria- cth — OpeuOypre npowcxoAHAo b oCcTaiioBKe owecToneHHOH 6 opb6 u paGoHHx h coAAaT, K33axcKoA h pyccKOH deAHOTbi npoTHB OeAOKa- 3aHbCH AHKTaTypbi HyTOBa h AeucTBOBaBUiefl oxyne c hhm KOHTppe- B0.1IOUH0HH0H AjiaiJJ-OpAbl. B 6 o p b 6 e 3a n o 6 c n y c o u n a jin c T im c c K o u pcso hiouhh b Ka3axcTa- He 6 wjia oueHb Be.iHKa po.ib Open6ypra. HBJiaacb uempoM Typrafl- CKoft o6.iacTH, 3BeiiOM, cBH3bmaemum Ka3axcTaH IIO .1HHHH OpeH- 6yprcKo-TauiKeHTCKou }Kejie3hoA Aoporn c uenrpoM, OpeH<5ypr hmca tioAbwoe CTpaTerunecKoe 3»aqeHHe. B Haqa.ie rpawAaiicKoft boAhu oh cTa.i MecTOM oc.oCeHHO HanpnweHHbix 6oec, hcxoa KOTopbix b 3HaMnre.ibHOH creneiiH npeApeiua.a cyub6y peBO.nouHH b 3anauHbrx h ueHTpaAbHbix pawoHax Ka3axcraHa ii na IOjkhom ypa.ie. K MOweHTy ycTaHOB.ieHHH CoBeTCKoft B.iacTH b ueHTpe 6 o.ibiue- BHCTCKan opraHH3auHH b Open6 ypre HBAUJiacb noAAHHHbiM pynoBO- AHTCAeM Macc. 51/tpo ee cocTaB.m.7H pa^OHHe nnaBHbix >Ke.7e3ifOAo- pOTKHblX H peMOHTHbIX M3CTepCKHX. 3 lO 6 blJlH CTapbie Kampbi npo- JieiapHaTa, aKTHBHbie yuacTiiHKH peBoniouHH 1905 roua. Bo r^iaue (xvibuieonKOB OpeHOypra, 3a ABa Mecnua ao noSeAbi Oi<TH6 pbCKoA peBOJlIOUHH 3aBOeB3BUJHX 60JIblIIHHCTBO B CoBeTC paCoMHX AeuyTaTOB H n0.1b30BaiiUJHXCH HCKJUOUHTeAbHblM BJIHHHHeM H aBTOpHTCTOM Cp^AH 107

TpyaHiUHxcH ropo/ia h coAAaT Mec.THoro rapiiH30Ha, ctoha npHtfbiB- uiHii H3 IleTporpa^a ^ejieraT II BcepoccHMCKoro ci>e3Aa CoBeTOB C. M. U bhaahht. (jlo okth6ph oh 6biA hjichom ypaabCKoro o6a 3ct- iioro KOMHTeTa naprHH 6oJibiueBHKOB, a 3aTeM pa6oTa.a b Open6yp- re KOMHecapoM CoBercxoro npaBHTCAbCTBa). B OpeHGyprc Guam 3Ha*iHTeAbirbie cHjibi KOHTppeBOJiiouHH. 26 ok- th6 ph 1917 roAa ara.MaH OpeH6yprcKoro Ka3a4bero BOticKa JlyTOB, KaK TOJibKo 6biJio noJiyM^Ho H3BecTHe o noGeAe npojierapcKOH peooAio- UHH b ueHTpe, 061351011/1 ropoA Ha BoeHHOM no/io>KeHHH, o6pa30BaJi BOHCKOBoe «npaBHT<vibCTBo» h ycTaiiOBHA 6ejioKa3aMbio AHKTaTypy. Bca HcnojMHTeJibHafl rocyAapcTBeHHaff B/iacTb nepem/ia b pynw boh- cKOBoro «npauHTe/ibCTBa», B03r/raB.i5fGMoro iZyroBWM. 27 okthGph 1917 roAa 6c/ioKa3aKH 3ana/iH rioMTy, Te/ierpac}), TanefJjoii, cTajmmo >Ke/ie3H0H Aopora h npaBHTeAbCTBeitHbie ynpoKAenna. 17o ropoAy pa3i3e3>KajiH K33a4bH narpy/iH. OpeH6ypr npeBpainjicn b BoeiiHbifi jiarepb. IUah MaccoBbic apec/rbi CoAbineBHKOB, q/ieHOB CoiieTa, 6w/ia 3aKpbiTa dOvibiHCBHCTCKaH ra3eia «IIpo/ierapHH». OAHOBpeMenno 6c- /IOK33aKH CTpCMHTCJl 3aXB3THTb COCCAHHe rOpOAa-- TpOHUK, l ICAH- 6 hhck, >KeJian OTpe3arb ueurp P occhh ot Ypa/ia h C hGhph, roroBHT HacTyriACHHe na CaMapy, CapaTOB, Y(J)y. /iyiOBmHHa HBAH.aacb o a - hhm H3 onaroB BccpoccHHCKOw KOHTppeBOAiomiH, 3a ee CnHHOH CTOH- JIH aHrJIHHCXHC H a.MCpHKaHCKHe HMnepna/IHCTbl. A kthbho nojmep>KHBa.riH jlyTOBa Ka3axcKiie 6ypwya3Hbie Haun- oHa.nucTbi. B AexaGpe 1917 roAa ohh npoBe/iH b OpenGypre Tax na3biBaeMbifi «o6meKHpni3CKHft ci>e3A» — Cbe3A 6 aeB, My/i/i h 6yp- >Kya3HO-HaiI,HOHaJIHCTH4eCKOH HHTe/JJIHreHHHH. 3A^Cb CblJlO ripHHHTO nocTaHOBaei/Hc 06 oCtsHbachhh 6ypx<ya3H0H aBTOHOMHH Ka3axcKnx 0 6/iacreH h cKOHcrpyHpOBaiio KOHTppcBOAiouHOHHoe «npaBHTCAbCT- bo» A^am-OpAbi bo rAaBe c ByKcftxaHOBWM, AeiicTBOBaBuice cob- MeCTHO C J^VTOBblM. 3 tO «npaBHTC.lbCTBO» CT3AO C03AaB3Tb KOHTp- peBOAiouHomcue otphah A^aiB-OpAU aah Boopy>Keiinoii 6 opb6 bi npOTHB CoseTCKOft BJiaCTH. Hccmotph Ha T5i>KeJiHe yc/iOBHB, 6o.ibiueBHKH OpenSypra noBeAH KaMiiaHHjo 3a iiepeBbiCopbi pOTHbix h noAKOBbix komhtctob h ConeTa COAAaTCKHX AenyTaTOB, A06HBLUHCb BO BTOpofi nOAOBHIie HOnGpJI 6oAbiiJHHCTBa b Cosere co/iAaTCKHx AenyTaTOB, b poTHbix h no/iKo- Bbix KOMHTerax. B H04b c 6 Ha 7 noaGpH J-tyroB apccTOBaA GoAbwyio rpyriny 6 OAbIHeBHK0B, HQM BbI3B3A CHJIbHOe B03MyLH,eiiHC pa60MHX. CoBCT h npoc})corc>3Hbfe opraHH3auHH norpedoBaAH hcmcaachho ocbo6 o- AHTb apccTOBaHHbix. KorAa AyroBUbi 0TKa3aAHCb yAOBAdBo- pHTb 3TO Tpe60B3HHe, CoBCT npH3Ba/I paCOMHX K o 6 meft nOAHTH- HecKoft 3a6acTOBKe. P,a6o4Hc cahHOAy hiho noAAep>xaAH pemeHHe CoBera. riepBbiMH 3a6acroBaAH paConne rAaenbix MacTepcKHX Opeu- 6 yprcKo-TauiKeHTCKOH >KeAe3HOH Aoporn h Aeno. K hhm npncoeAH- HHAHCb pa604He MaCTepCKHX OpCKOft >Ke/IC3HOH AOpOI'H, K0>KCBI1HKH, nexapH h pa6o4He paAa Apyrnx npocj^eecuH.

Bee nonuTKH avtobucb caomhtb peBOAiouHOHHoe BbicryruieHHe pa6o4HX 6 h a h 6e3ycneuinuMH. 3a6acTOBKa poc.fia, 3axBaTUBan Bee HOBbie npeAnpHHTHH. CoBCTCKoe npaBurejibCTBO ropnno noAAep^a.no caM00TBep>KeH- nyio 6opb6y open6 yprcKoro npOACTapHaTa. Ha nocT MpC3BbmaHHoro KOMHecapa no 6opb6e c opeHOyprcKOti KOHTppeBOAiou.nen Cobct HapoAHbix KoMuccapoB Ha3naMaer H. A. Ko6o3eBa. 11 iio>i6 pa Ko6o3c*b, TaHHO npuCbiB b OpeH6ypr, npOBeA coBemaHHe MecTHbix 6oJibineBHKOB no Bonpocy o jihkbhabuhh AyTOBiuniibi. Conemanne npHHHJio peiuenne o neMeAAeimoH opraiiH3auHii b OpenGypre BoeH- HO-PeBO.TIOHHOHHOrO KOMHTera.1 14 iioaCpn na coOpaHini CooeTa paOonHX AenyiaTOB, co3BamioM cobmcctiio c npoACTaBHTe.nAMH nacTen rapnH30iia h pa6onnx npeA- npnaTHH, 6 ha H36pan BoenHO-PcBOAiouHOHHbw komutct bo rjia- Be c C. M. LXbhaahhpom. Ha nepBOM 3aocAaHHH PeBKOMa 6 liao perncHO ocymecTBHTb 3axBar BJiacm c noMombio pcboaiouhohiiux «iacren Mecmoro rapiiH3ona, 6ha Bbipa6oTan thk>ko npHKa3 o nepe- Aawe PeBKOMy Been BAacTH b ropoAe h rapHH30He.21 Ho He. ycneJi PeB- kom 3aKOHHHTb iicpBoe 3aceAanHe, K3K 3Aanne KapaBan-capan, ta« npoxoAH.no 3aceAaHne PeBKOMa, 6uao ouenjieHO toHKepaMH n Ka3a- Ka.viH c nyjieMCTaMH. Been cociaB PeBKOMa h MHorne H3 npncyTCT- BOBaBLiiHX Ha 3aceAa»HH Olijih apecTOBanw BOpBaBiiniMHcn b noMeme- HHe AyroBuoMH. ApecTOBaniibie 6 hjih npenpoBO>KAeiihi b Ka3anbH CTannubi h b ropoACKyio TiopbMy. PyKOBOAHinaa h HawOoAee bha- naa naerb Open6yprcKoff opraHH3aUHH 6oAbineBHKOB (eBbune 30 ne- aobck) oKa3aAacb b pynax KonrppeBOAiounH. HecMorpH Ha to, qTo apecT PeBKOMa 33Mctho ocabCha napmH- nyio opraiiH3auHio, napmftHbiH komhtct 6 h ji bhobb co3Aan h nap- THHHaa oprami3auH5i npoAOAAcaAa pa6ory. BoAbwcBHKH n poB ojw jw ycHjiefliHyio noAroTOBKy k BoopyAcemioMy Boccram uo npoTHB 6cao* Ka3anben AHKTaTypbi /tyroBa, cTaAH co3AaBaTb KpacHyio TBapAnio. C Ka>KAbiM AHeM ycmiHBaAocb B03Mym.eHHe h neAOBOAbcTBO rpyAH- inerocH Hace;ieHHn hoahthkoh ZlyTOBa, b to >kg BpeMH pocjio AOse- pne TpyAHiAHxcH ropoAa h acpcbhh k <5oAbuiCBHKaM. Ocotfewfo na- TAHAHO 3TO npOHBHAOCb BO BpeMfl HpeABbl6opHOH KaMnailHH H BbiOopoB b ynpeAHTeJibnoe coOpanne. BbiOopbi b YnpeAHTeAbHoe co6paHHC 1 A^KaOpn 1917 roAa no Opendypry AaAH 6oAbineBHKaM 6oAee 20 thchh toaocob, hah 37 npoueHTOB Bcex yqacTBOBaBiiiHx b BbiGopax. H 3to — necMOTpH na to, mto nonTH Becb skthb 6oAb- meBHCTCKOH opraHH3auHH 6 biA b TiopbMe h 6oAbiiieBHKH no cymecT- By HaxoAHAHCb Ha HetfieraAbHOM noAo>KCHHH, a acepu h MenbincBH- kh BeAH b paOoMHX Kpyrax oHcecToneimyio AeMarornnecKyio KaMnaHHIO npOTHB OoAbineBHKOB, 1 «Tpa>KAaHCKaH BoilHa b OpenfiyprcKOM Kpae». (C6opKHK BOcnoMHHaHHH h AOKyMP.HTOB). 2 C6opHHK «npoAerapcKan pcbojiioumh b Open6ypre», 1924 r. (np«Ka3 npHBOAHTCH B OTpiJBKaX.— O . M . ) . 109

ripHBeAeHHbie (})aKTbi noxa3biBaiOT, qTo k KOHuy AeKaGpn — H a- qa.riy H iraapn o G c m n o B K a b OpenGypne h b ryGepH H H cK -iaAbiBaeTca A aJieK o hg b riOAb3y jlyTOBa. B cbh3h c stum Aa>Ke TiopeM Han a A - MHHHCTp-aUHH OCJia6HJia pC>KHM 3aKJIK)qeHHbIX 60AL>Uiei3HK0B, KOTO- pUM yAaJiocb c iiomoiii^K) noanoribHoft napTopraHH3auHH h Kpacnoft rBapAHH noAroTOBHTb h 12 AenadpH ocymecTBHTb noGer H3 Tiopb- Mbi. OGeperae.Mbie KpacHoreapACHuaMH, ohh Gmah pa3Memenhi no KBaprapaM paGoqnx, a iia Apyrow Aeiib nepenpaBAGHbi b 5y3yAyK, r^e BAH/iHCb b oTpnAw KpacnoH roapAHH h npHiiHAH aKTHBiioe yqa- c m e n ocBo6o>KAeHHH OpenGypra ot AyxoBneB. CooeTCKoe npaBureAbCTBO, IieH TpaAbH bm K o M m eT napTHH H ahhho B. H. J leiiH u nenocpeACTBeH H o pyKOBOAHAH opraiiH 3au n eft cha if a GopbGy c ZlyTOBbiM . 26 HonCpH 1917 r o A a k / le im n y npH6hiAa ACJicrauHH >Kejie3HOAopo>KHHKOB H3 O p e n G y p r a c npocbG oH oG o x a 3 a - hhh B(X)py>KeHHOH iiomoiah B G opbG e c A y to B m n hoft. n pim yiB A e A e r a - H.HIO, JTeiiHu iihiuct b uiTaG H. H. rioA B on cK O M y h B. A. AHTOHOBy- O bccchko 3an n cK y c A C A y io m e ro coA ep>K an H a: «I\"Io A a T e A H — TOBa- PHIUH >KCAe3HOAOpO>KHHKH H3 OpCIlGypra. TpcGyeTCB 3KCTpeHHaS! B o e m ia n noMounb ripoTMB XlyTOBa. rip o in y oGcyAH Tb h peuiHTb n p a n - TiiMecKH nocK opee. A MHe qepKiiyTb, kbk p em u T e . / I e m m * 1. Flo aT o w y T peG oB aiiH io J len H H a b HeAflGuHCK Gwa lia n p a B J ie n OTpjiA b 600 q e - AOBeK (n o A KOMaiiAOH M H q M an a F la B A O B a ), cc|)opMHpoBaiiiibnf H3 MaTpOCOB AHHGHHblX K O paGAeH « A llA p e fi n e p B 0 3 B a H H b lH », « r i e i p o - naBJiOBCK» h coaabt 17-ro CTpeAKOBoro noAKa. Ha GopbGy c AyroB- iuhiioh noAHHMaioTcyi paGoqwe ropoAOB FIoBOA>KbH, CpeAnero n CeBopnoro Ypajia H TanjKeiira. B opraitH3auHn pa3rpoMa AyTOB- lUHHbi npHHHMaAH yqacTHe BHAHefmine AenTejiH GoamucbiictckoFi napTHH: H. B. Ct3ahh, M. CBepAAOB, B. B. KynGbiuieB, A . A . >KAaHOB. IlpH3biB o noMomH paGoqnx OpenGypra BCTpeTHA caMbiH ropqqnft otkahk h peiuHTeAbiiyio noAAep>Ki<y b TamneHTe, ocoGeHHo y >KeJie3HOAopo>KHHKOB. F lo Dceii jihhhh OpenGyprcKO- TaiuKeHTCKon MarncTpaAH— b IlepoBCKe, Ka3a.ini!CKe, McviKape, A ktioGhhckc h Apyrnx ropoAax h ira cTaimunx iipoboahtcji MaecoBue COGpaHHH H MHTHHrH paGoqHX->KeAe3HOAOpO>KHHKOB, rAC BWHOCHTCH pemeHHn: noAAep>KaTb GacTyiomHX paGoqwx OpeHGypra, co3AaTb KpacHorBapAeAcKHe orpaAbi. B nOATOTOBKe H (pOpMHpOBaHHH HOBhlX CHA AAH 60pb6bl C AyTOB- iu h h o A npHHsui aKTHBiioe yqacTH e h b h a h ij :i peBOAioiiH OH iibift a c h - v c jib K a 3 a x c T a « a Go/ibujeBHK A. T. Z l>K aH rn A bA H H , Ha3HaqeHHM fl C H K 14 AeK aG pa 1917 r o A a qpe3BbtqaftiibiM B o e in ib iM KOMHecapoM T ypran cK oft o6jiacTH. MecTOM 4)opMHpoBaHHJi oTpHAa AoGpoBOAbueB 6bi;ia Vfba no- qew y OTpHA H Gbi;i HaSBaH y(t)HMCKHM. KoMailAHDOM H KOMHCCapOM 3 T o ro o rp H A a Gh a H 3 6 p an A . T . JD[>KaHrHAbAHH. BoeH Ho-PeBOJnouH OH Hwft K0MHT6T F le T p o r p a A C K o r o C o b c t s OT- npaBH A orpH Ay HeoGxoAHM oe KOAHqecTBo opy>KHH. rio A y q H B opy>KHe > B. H. JleiiHH. Com., t. 36, cTp. 415. 110

h doenpHnacu, V ^ hmckhA KauHOHaJTbHUH (OamKupo-TarapcKHfi) otpha Kpacnoft rBapAHH (M3 900 qejroneK) bo BTopoft no-ioBHHe BHBapH npnOhui b 5y3yjiyK aah yqacniH b HacTyriAeHHH npoTHB AvTOBueB. HacTynJieHHe Ha OpenOypr TiuaTe^wio roTOBHJiocb. LIK napTHH, CoBHapnoM h jihhho B. H. JleHHH 3a6oTHnHCb o nonoJiHCHHH otphaob Kpacnoii rnapAHH xopomnMH CHjiaMH h Ayq- UIHMH KOMaHAHLIMH KaAPSMH. BOAMIIOC BHHMaHHe yAeJin.nocb BOeH- hoh noAroTOBKC coiiercKHx OTp«AOB. B ucahx Jiyqmero pyKOBOACTBa BoeHHbiMH onepauHHMH 6bua co3Aan PeBBoencoBeT OpeH6yprcKoro (j)poHTat b kotophih boiiiJih U . A. Ko(5o3eB, A. T. /X>KaHrHJIbAHHt C. M. IiBHAAHHr H MHHMail IlaBJIOB. HaqaBiueecfl 10 (23) HHBapn 1918 roAa HacryimeHHe cboahoto OTpBAa KpacHoA rBapAHii co cTopoiibi ct. By3yayK 3aKOHMHJiocb no/iHbiM pa.irpoMOM npoTHBHuxa. B noMb na 18 HiioapH 1918 roAa, noTCpHB noA OpcnOyproM CBbiuie 1 500 qejioBeK yOHTbiMH, paHeiiuMH h ruiemibi.MH, /XyTOB noKHHyji ropoA. BMecTe c hum Oona.io H3 OpeH- 6ypra KoiiTppeBOJiiouHOHHoe «npaBHTCjibCTBO» A.iaui-OpAbi. Ytpom 18 (31) HHBapa 1918 roAa OTpHAbi KpacHofi rBapAHH, b tom MHCJie h nauHoiiajibiibiH OTpBA A. T. A>KaHrejibAHiia, boiujih b OpeHOypr. PaOoqne Bocropwemio mrrpeTHJiH KpacHorBapAeimeB. B tot >Ke AOHb, 18 nHBapa, b llita6 neTporpaACKoro oKpyra 6 buia OTnpaiuieiia TejierpaMMa KOMaHAy^omcro BoftcxaMH OpeiiOyprcKoro tj)poiiTa: «rio c jie 6 oh hoa 17-m pa3i>e3AOM npoABHiiyjiHCb BnepcA h aanjuin ropoA Open6ypr. Bch KOHTppcBo.iiouHOHHaH Oaima pa3(5c- ^ajiacb, npoH3BeAeiibi apeCTbi r.aaBapen BoccraiiHH. 3aBTpa npncry- nHM k iioroAOBHOMy oObicxy h no upHMepy TpoHUKa yKpeiiHM nojio- >KCHHe CoBeTOB. LLLflio ot KMeiiH BoiicK OpeHOyprcKoro OTpnAa (fjpoHTa upHBCT ci>e3Ay CoBeTOB. KoMaiiAyiomHH bohck3 mh OpenOypr- CKoro (J)poiira riaBAOB*1. A HecKOAbKHMH ahbmh no3we, 23 HHBapa 1918 roAa, B. H. JleiiKH b paAHorpaMMe « 0 .ihkbhjxsuhh KoiiTppeBOjnouHOinioii panbi h AyTOBtuHHbr» c o o 6 u{a.i: «O p e u 6y p r 33hbt cobbtckhmh BoficKa.viH OKOimaTeAbHO. J ly ro u c ropcTbio npuBcpweimeB cKpbucn. Bee npaBHTe.-ibcTneirHbce yqpe>KAeHHH b OpeHOypre 3awiTu cobct- ckhmh BOHCK3 MH. BjiacTbio Ha mcctc oOibBCACH OpenGyprcKHii CooeT paOoqux, cojiAaTCKFix, KpccTbHircKiix h K,a3aiiKHx AenyraTOB. PIpeA- ceAaTev’ib ConeTa HapoAHbix KoMuccapOB B-i. y^bniioB (/IeHHii)»21. KaK TO.TbKo Opentfypr 6bui oqnmeii or A>Tonuen, nepeA OoJibiue- bhctckoh opraHH3aunefi cpa3y >Ke BCTa.i u-cjibiii pnA cJio>KFibix 3aAaq. B CTaHHuax Haqa.iocb cH-ibnoe KOHTppeBo*aiou.HOHHoe Ann>KenHe Ky- -lauKHx 3AeMeHT0B, B03maB.ineMbie 3aceBiunMH b hhx AyTOBiiaMH. B 3THX yCJIOBHHX npH HeAOCTaTKe 0o.lbIUeBHCTCKHX cha neo6xo- Ahmo 6uao b nepByio oqepeAb co3AaTb h yKpenHTb BJiacTb Cobctob » a MecTax h oAHOBpeMeHHo npoAe^aTb orpoMnyio xo3HHCTBeHnyio h noJiHTHKo-opraHH3auHOHHyio paOoTy. 1 «npaB Aa», No 13, 24 jmnapa — 6 (})eBpaji» 1918 r. 2 /IeilHHCKHfi c6op»HK. T. XI, CTp. 24. Ill

20 HHBapH 1918 roAa BiioBb 6bui c o 3Aan Boeimo-PeBoAio- iZHOHHbiH KOMHTeT bo r j i ane c C. M . li,BHjuiHnroM. BoenpeB- kom o 6 paTHACJi k pa6 onHM Open6ypra c npH3biBOM iipobccth Ha Ka>KAOM IipeAilpHHTHH Bbl6 opU CBOHX IipCACTaBHTGAeft B C obgt paOowHX AenyTaroB. OAHOBpe.MeHHO c BbiOopaMH a CoBer paOoqnx AenyTaTOB BoeiipeBKOM SHepnnzHO npHcryiiHA k noAroTOBKe nepBoro CbC3Aa CoBeiOB. J X j IH npOBGACHHH riOJTHTHKO-OpraHH3aUHOHHOfi H X03HHCTBeHH0fi paOoTbi b Maccax h Apyrnx MeponpuHTHft* cBa3aHnux c iioatotobkoA k crbe3Ay Cobctob, BoeHpeeKoMy 6u jia 0Ka3ana 3 iiaqnTeAbiian (Jjh- naHCOBaH noMoiub H3 neTporpa^a n cyMMe 50 mhaahohob py&ieft.1 B to >K.e BpeMH BoenpeBKOM pa3BepHyA paOoTy no ahicbmabluih cTaporo h co-3A»hhio HOBoro, coBeTCKoro rocyAapcTBeniforo annapa- Ta. npHKasoM HapoAHoro KOMHccapa Open6 yprcKOH ryOepHHH ot 20 (JjeepaAH 1918 roAa yBOAbiiHAHCb r oTCTaBKy cocrowim e Ha CJiy>ti6e B MHAfHIlHH BCO CbIBUIHe WHbl HOAHUHH2. 21 HHBapH 1918 fO- Aa 6 bwia 3aKpuTa 3cepo-MeiibUJCBHCTCKaa ra 3 d a « P a 6oiiaa 3apn». SiieprHqiHyio AeaTCAbHocTb no opraHH3auHH C obctckoh babctk na Mecrax pa3RHBacT Hpe3BbinaftHbift Kownccap TypraftCKoii o6a 3cth A . T. /X>KaHrH/ibAHH. Co3AaBaa opraiibi CoBeTCKoii babcth Ha Mec- Tax, A . T. A>KaHrH.nbAHH npeAnpHHHMaer noc3AKy no bccm ye3AaM oOAacTrf, noBciOAy jxpoboaht ye3/uihie cbe3Abi C obctob, ua KOTopux pasbacnaeT AenpeTbi C H K h npoBOAHT BbiOopu ACAeraTOB Ha npeA- ctohluhA TypraHCKHft of)AacTHoft ci>e3A Cobctob pa<5o*wx, coaabt- ckhx, KpecTbHHCKHX h Mycyjib.wancKHx AenyTaTOB. BcWIbUiyfO nOMOmb B BOCCTaHOBACHHH HapOAHOrO X035IHCTBa PeBKOMy 0Ka3biBajiH pa6o'ine->Kejie3HOAopo>KHHKH. 27 aHBapa 1918 TOAa TJiaBHWft AOpO>KHhlH KOMHTCT oOpaTHACH KO BCeM paOoHHM H cjiy>Kaiu.HM Aoporw c npH3biBOM oTAaTb Bee CHJibi h Biieprnio ua yKperuieHHe Cobctckoh ba3cth. B ueAax H,aAa«HBaHHa npaBHAbHbix B3aHMooTiiomeHHH c Tpy- Ahiahmch Ka3anbHM HacejienHeM h npHBjieMeHHn ua cropoHy Cobctob UIHpOKHX Macc TpyAHIAHXCH Ka33KOB CpeAH HHX npOBOAHTCH nOAH- THHecKaa h opra«H3anHOHHaa paOoTa, co3HBaeTca p«A Ka3aqbwx cbe3AOB. Obe3A eraHHU 1-ro OpeHOyprcKoro Ka3aqbero onpyra, ot- KpblBUJHftCH 1 (JjeBpaAH, CAHHOrAaCHO BbICKa33ACH 3a BJiaCTb TpyAOBO- ro napoAa b Anue C obctob Ka3 a»ibHx, coaa3 tckhx, pafioMHx h KpecTbHHCKHX AfcnyTaTOB.3 ZleAeraTbi cbe3Aa npH3bmaioT KpenHTb OpaTCKHfi HCpyillHMblH CO103 Me>KAy KpeCTbHHaMH, paOoMHMH H TpyAOBbiM Ka3aqecTBOM. JXjih AaAbHeftmero ripo6 y>KAeHHH KAaccoBO- ro caM0C03H3HHH OeAHHUKO-cepeAHHUKoA qacTH Ka3 aqecTBa h nepe- xoAa ee Ha cropony CoBCTCKoft babcth OoAbinoe 3Hane»He HMeno 1 «H3®ecTHfl RoeHna-Peno^ionHOHHOro KOMHTeTa», 23 HHBapH 1918 r.. ctd. 4. 2 U rA O P KaaCCP, 4>. 544, on. 1, a. 66, n. 30. 3 fa3&Ta <Kaoa-m>H «rpaBAa», N* 4, 9 t|)eBpajiH 1918 r. 112

«06pameiiHe ko Bcewy TpyAOBOMy Ka3aqecTBy», npHHHToe CHK h noAnwcaHHoe B. H. JleHmibiM. B «06pameHHH» rOBOpHAOCb, q-ro Pa6oqe-KpecTb5iHCKoe npaBHTCJibCTBO ctbbht cBoen 6;iH>Kafiiuefi 3a- Aaqefi pa3pemeiiHe 3eM6JibHoro Bonpoca b Ka3aqbnx otfjiacTHx b HiiTepecax Tpy^oBoro Ka3aiiecTBa w Bcex TpyA5imnxcn na ocHOBe ack- peTa o 3eMJie, c yqeTOM scex MecTiiux ycJiOBHfi. O^HOBpeMeiuio c «06pauiGHHH» o6 -bHB.fiH.iocb 06 oiMeiic aah Ka33K0B o6n3aTejihHoii BOHHCKOH nOBHHHOCTH, O npHHHTHH Ha CHeT TOCyAapCTBa OdMyH^H- poBamiH h cnapH>KeHHH Ka3aK0B, npH3Bamibix na bochhvio cjiy>K6y, 06 OTMeHe AOKypCTB Ka3aK0B, 3HMHHX 3aHHTHft, CMOTpOB H Jia- repeft1. I-IapH^y C arHTaUHOHHOH H X03HftCTBeHH0-n0JlHTHqeCK0fl ACHTC.lb- HocTbio cpe^H Ka3aqbero iiaceAemin oGjiacTH, 0peH6yprcKHH PeBKOM npoBO^HT 6ojibiuyro opraHH3auHOHHyio h pa3-bHCHHTejibHyio pa6oiy b AepeBHHx cpeAH KpecTbHii. Me>KAy TeM KOHTppeBOJiionHH CHOBa noAHH.ia rojioBy. A kthbh- 3HpyiOTCH BOeHHbie aeHCTBHH KOHTppeBOJIlOUHOHHOH BepXyiUKH ypaJibCKoro Ka3aqecTBa. 28 wapm 1919 roAa 6ejioKa3aKaMH 6uji npoii3BeAe.H KOHTppeBoJUouHOHHhiii nepeBopoT b YpajibCKe. Oaho- BpeMCHiio noAHHjia mhtok KyjiauKan BepxyiiiKa opendyprcKHX Ka3a- kob. KoHTppenojuomiOHHoe ABH^enne pa3pacTajiocb. 3HaqiiTejibiibie CHJibi CejiorBapAeHUbi CKOHiteHrpHpoBajiH b paftonax Cojib-HjicuKa. OipHAu Gejihix Hana^ajin na /KCJiC3nyio Aopory, noApbiBajiH nyrn, mocth h HapymaAH HopMaABHoe H<ejie3HOAOpo>KHoe c o o 6 uxeuue co CpCAHeH A3HCH. R jlH AHKBHAaUHH 6ejIOrB8pA6HCKHX OTpHAOB B pafi- oh H/ieuKa Gliji nocjiaH orpHA bo rjiaBe c UBHJiJiHHroM. O ihcthb ot 6ejiorBapAeHueB eraiJHuy MeprBeuo3CKyio, otpha 6 hia pa36iiT 4 an- pe;iH J918 roAa npn HeyAaqHOM HacTyiuieiiHH na ciammy M3o6H.ib- Hyio. 3Aecb noraG h KOMaHAHp OTpjiAa GoAbiucBHK C. M. U bhaahhi\\ C HacTyn.ieiiHCM BecHbi h pacnyTHUbi Boemthie AeficTBHH 6 wah BpeweHHO npeKpamenw, ho yrpo3a OpeHdypry ho Gwjia oKOHqaTejjb- ho AHKBHAHpOBaHa. BoJibiueBHKH OpenGypra h AKTioGaucKa upw- 3BajIH paGoHHX B3HTbCH 3a opy>KHe. riOA pyKOBOACTBOM 60JJbIUe- bhkob iiaqaAH cnernno (JjopMKpoBaTbCH oxpnaw Kpaciioii ApwHH H3 padoqHX, COAAaT-())pOHTOBHKOB, AepCBCHCKOH H ayjlbHOH 6 ga- HOTbl. OAHaKO yKOMnAeKTOBamibie AodpoBOJibuawH coBeTCKHe OTpHAbi He cMor.HH TorAa npoTHBOCTOHTb HacTynaBuiHM c ceacpa 6ejioKa3aqb- hm 6a»AaM AyroBa. 3 hiojih 1918 roAa, nojiyqHB noAAcp>KKy ot noA- HHBiiiero aHTHCOBeTCKHH mhtok qexocjiOBauKoro Kopnyca, aTaMaH JJyroD saxBaTHA OpeHGypr. Ko.MMyHHCTbi h decnapraftHbie padoqne OpcHGypra h Apyrnx saxBaqeHHux AyTOBuaMH nyHKTOB BjiHAHCb b coBeTCKiie BOHcxa, oTCTynHBiiiHC b paiioH A ktio6hhck— O pcK. K hhm na noMomb cnemiiAH coBeTCKiie otp n n u h3 TypKecTana. 1 «0pe«6yprcKHfl ryOepncKifft BecTHHK», Ks 5, 9 Mapra. 1918 r. 8-1201 113

•• • BopbGa 3a ycTaHOBAeHHe BJiacrw CoBexoB b A ktioGhhckc pa3Bn- Ba^iaCb nOA (jOAblUHM B03AGftCTBHeM peBOJIIOHHOHHOH 6opb6t>i 3a CoBeTCKyio BJiacTb b OpeHtfypre. BojibUieBHCTCKafl rpynna, B03rjiaBjiacMaH 3HimeHKO, ciuiaMHBajia waccbi pa6oHHX h KpecTbsui h, npuBJiCKaa hx na cropoHV fiojibuieBH- kou, Oopojiacb 3a BJiacTb CoBeroB. Oco6 eHHO OojibuiHM BAHHuneM iiojib30Bajincb 6o.nbmeBHKH cpeAH pa6oMHx->Kejie3 Ho^opoH<HHKOB. Ho b ucaom peBo;jiou.HOHHbie CHJibi A ktkj6hhck3 ObiJiH erne aasieKO He- AOCTaTOHHbl. HaMeHeHHC b cooTHomeiiHH cha npoHaoiuAo oceHbio h oco6 chho b Konue 1917. ro;ia, nor/ia b A ktio6 hhck iiaqaAH npnOhiBaTb AeMO- CHJlHSOBaHHbie CO/IAaTbI-(j)pOHTOBHKH, OoJIbUiHIICTBO H3 KOTOphJX Ha- XOAHAOCb nOA BAHHHHeM 60JIbUieBHK0B H npeACTaBJIHAO co(5oft na- Ae>KHyio peBO^K>UHOHHyio cHAy. <1>pohtobhkh OTKpbiTO BbicTyna-'iH KaK CTOpOHHHKH CoBeTCKOH B»THCTH. 15 (28) Aenafipn oTKpbiAcn AejieraTCKHH c-be3A pa6o^HX->Kejie3- no^opoyKHHKOB AKTio6 HHCKoro pafioHa. Ha nepBOM H\\e 3aceAaiiHH ci^esA npHHflji peuiemie o noAAep>KKe CobctckoA BjiacTH h KOMaH- AHpcmaA cbohx npeACTaBHTejien b B y 3 y .iy K , rAe b 3to >«e BpeMH upoxoAHA c”bC3A pa6 oHHX OpeiiGyprcKo-TamKeirrcKOH >KeAe3HOH AoporH.1 rioHTii OAHOBpeMeHHo c AejieraTCKHM c^esAOM pa6oMHX->KeAe3- HOAOpO>KHHKOB C0 6 paACH AKTIoCHHCKHii ye3AHblii CBe3A COBerOB KpecTbHHCKHx h KHprH3CKnx (K«33axcKnx) AenyTaTOB. CT>e3A pa3o6- jia4Hji corjiauiaTeAbCKyio liojiHTHKy, npoBOAHMyio acepoMeiibiueBHCT- CKHM pyKOBOACTBOM AKTIO<5HHCKOrO COBeTS, II peUJHA npOBeCTH peBH3HIO AeareAbHOCTH ye3AHOrO IIpOAOBOAhCTBCHHOrO KOMHTera H ApyrHX CKOMnpOMCTHpOBaBUIHX CC6 h yHpOKAeHHH H BbIHeC nOCTa- HOBvieHHe o heo6 xoah mocth npoBeAeHHH nepeBbi6 opoB CoBeTa. Bo.ibiuoe BHHMaHHC ctjC3a yjxejin.1 (5opb(5e co cneKyjinuHefi, KOTopaa CTaHOBHJiaCb HaCTOHl.lJ.HM 6H40M TpyAHILlHXCH. B iia a a A e HHBapa 1918 ro A a CoAbuieBucTCKaa r p y n n a co3B ajia CT>e3A COJIAaT-(})pOHTOBHKOB H pCIIIHAa COpBaTh C03BaHHbIH B 3TO >Ke BpeMH y e 3AHbifi 3cmckhh c b e 3A . C stoh u ejib io <>OAbiueBHKH BCTynn- a h b corJiameHHe c «AeBbiMH» 3cepaMH. J leB o sce p o B C K a a A e jie ra - uhh cyM eJia npOBecTH c s o e r o npeACTaBHTejia npeA ceA aTeA eM 3cm- c K o ro c b e 3Aa. B neceH H oe npeAceAaTejieM npeAAO>KeHHe o6i>eAHHHTb y e 3AHbIH 3CMCKHIJ Cbe3A CO CT>e3A0M COAA3T*(J)pOHTOBHKOB He GbIJIO npHHHTO. P e in e n n e 3T o ro B o n p o c a Bbi3BaAo r o p a n n e npeHHH. n o n p cA A O ^ em n o npcAceAaTCAH c*be3A a 30mckhc r jia c u b ie ot patfoHHx, KpeCTbHH H TOpOACKOH 6eAHOTbI nOKHABJOT 3eMCKHH CT^eSA H npH- COeAMHHIOTCH K CT»e3AV COJIAaT-^pOHTOBHKOB. Ha c-be3Ae 4)P ° h tobh kob 6 b iji nocTaBJieu B o n p o c 0 6 opraHH3aunH 1 3roT ci,e3A Aonwen Cuji co6paTbca b OpeHfiypre, ho BC.ieACTBHe cBHpcncT* BOBaBiuero tom Teppopa AyTOBueB nepeHec cbojo pa6oty b ByayAyK, na coBeT- cxyio TcppHTopmo. 114

B AKTK)6HHCKe COBeTCKOll BA3CTH II H36paH BpeMeilHblH MCIIOAHH- TeJIbHblH KOMHTeT H3 15 HeAOBeK, B COCTaB KOTOporO BOLLIJ1H 60JIb- meBHKH — 3mmeHKO h Apyiae. 8 HHBapji 1918 roAa A ktk>6 hhckhh[ CoBeT padoqux h coAAaTCKHX AenyTaroB npHHHJi pemeHHe: Hewe/yieHHo B3HTb bcio BnacTb b ro- poAe b cboh pyKH. 3 to peuiemie CoBeTa BCTpeTHno conyBCTBHe h noAAep>KKy doAbiiiHHCTBa TpyAnmuxcn ropoAa, b tom qncjie h xa- 3axcKoro HacejieiiHH. CocTOHBLueeca b Ty >Ke ncwb 3aceAaHHe HcnoA- Kowa AKTiodHHCKoro CoBeTa BhipadoraAO tckct odpameHHH CoBeT- CKOH BJiaCTH K Tpa>KAaHa'M rop. AKTIOdHIICKa, B KOTOpOM TOBOpHAOCb, HTO «HcnOJlHHTejlbHbIM KOMHTeT COBCTa COAAaTCKHX, patfOMHX, Kpe* CTbHHCKHX H MycyjIbMaHCKHX AenyTaTOB OTHbllie IipHHHMaeT Ha Cedfl bcio 3a6oTy h HafijHOAeHiie 3a npoBCA^HHeM B >KH3Hb MeponpHHTHii, HAymHx « a 6 jia r o MecTHoro HaceneHHA»'. HcnoAKOM nocTaiioBHJi: b uejiHX noApbiBa SKOHOMHqecKoft mouih 6yp>Kya3HH h H3biCKaHHH CpeACTB AJIH CBOeii ACHTCJIbHOCTH o 6jIO>KHTb eAHHOBpCMCHHblM Ha- aotom MecTHbix KanHTayiHcro3; oTBecni 3AaHHe «OdmecrBeHHoro co6 paHHB» aah padoTbi ncnoAKOMa w eaceAneBiio BbinycKaTb 6 kja- Jieienb.21 B3BB BJiaCTb B CBOH pyKH, HCnOAHHTeAbllblfl KOMHTeT p33BCpHy.l aKTHBHyio AejiTejibHOCTb, oh pacnycTHJi rpaagraHCKHii KOMHTeT h ro- poACKyio AyMy, na3HaHHA hoboto HanajibiiHKa mhahuhh, danxaM h Ka3Ha4eHCTBy npeAAo>KHn ne BbiAaBaTb bkabaob de3 paapeuieiiHH HCnOAKOMa, H30paA KOMHCCHJO JXJlfl PCKBH3HUHH Opy>KHH H3 TOpTO- Bbix npeAnpHHTHii.3 MoAOAaa CoBCTCKaa BAacTb b A ktioChhckc dbiAa Bi>iHyx<ACHa pa* C oTaTb b H C K s iio w ire jih iio TpyAHbix y c jio B iis ix . KpyrOM CHOBajin de- AorBapAeiicKHe daiiAbi. Opendypr eme naxoAHACH b pyxax AyTOBuea h dbin 0Tpe3aH ot AKTio6HHCKa. MecTiibie hhhobhhkh ycTpaHBaAii cadoTa>K. Cobct npHHHMaeT Mepbi no dopbde c cadoraHce.M, (popMH- pyeT orpnAU KpacHotf TBapAHH, npoBOAHT paA MeponpHHTHH no yKpeiuieHHio o6opoiibi. He Meiiee Ba>KHbiM agaom hbhaocb npiiBJieqe- HHC LUHpOKHX TpyAHIHHXCH MaCC K 3KTHBHOH ACHTeAbHOCTH B CoBeTe. J8 fWBapn 1918 roj\\a dbino co3BaHo mienapHoe 3aceAaHHe CoBeTa padoqux, coAAaTCKHx AenyTaTOB, na kotopom 6bin odc.y>KAen Bonpoc o BBeAeHHH npeACTaBHTenen Ka3axcKoro Hacenenna b cocTae Hcnon- KOMa. JXjih Ka3axcKHx AenyTaTOB b H cn o jiH u re jib H o s t komiitctg duAo BbiAeneiio 5 MecT h npoH3BCACHbi AOBbidopw ncnoAKowa.4 Ha 20 (J)eBpaJiH 1918 roAa hciioakom Ha3HamiA n.icHapiioe cod- paiine qnenoB CoBCTa padonux, coAAaTCKHX, kpcctwihckhx h MycyAb- MancKHX AenyTaTOB c npeAcraBHTea amh ot BOAOCTen ye3Aa. B cbji3H c 3THM b boaocthx h cejiax A ktk>6hhckoto ye3Aa npoBeAeiibi codpa- hhh, nocBHmeHHhie BbidopaM AeAeraTOB b AKnodHHCKHii ye3AHbitf 1 U rA O P KaaCCP, (|). 544, on. I-a, a . 164, ji. 39. 2 TaM >kc, a . 5. ji. 39. 3 TaM >Ke, A- 67, ji. 10. 4 TaM ace, A- 164. ji. 25. 8* 115

CoBeT. EoAbUIHHCTBO T3KHX C0 6 paHHfi, nOMHMO Bbl6 opOB Ae/ieraTOB b A ktioCjhiickhh CoBeT, eAHHOAyiiiHO Bbipa>KaAo npHBercTBUH h noA- Aep>KKy CoBeTCKoft bjibcth.1 TaK , otimee codpanne rpajKAan rieTpoucKOH boaocth, coctohb- iueecsi 28 HHBapfl 1918 roA a, H3dpaB cBoero A e A c ra T a b A ktio6hiickhh C obct, cahHorJiacho nocTaHOBHJio: «...noAAep^KHBaTb BAacTb H apoA - HbIX KOMHCCapOB, KOTOpbie AeiiCTBHTCvlbHO dopOAHCb H Hhllie npoJiH- BaioT KpoBb aa BAacTb TpyAOBoro H apoAa»12. B KOHUe aHBapH B AKTro6HHCKe B CBH3H C 0TK330M KyjiaKOB CAa- BaTb XAed pe3K0 odocTpHACa npoAOBOjibCTBehhbih Bonpoc. C uejibio dopbdhi c ca6oiax<CM KyjianecTBa hciioakom CoBCTa Bbinec nocTa- HOBAeKHe: Becb XAed h Bee TOBapu B3HTb Ha yqci\\ cKpbirbifi ot yneTa XAed h TOBapbi KOHipucKOBaTb, a jiiOAefi, CKpbiBaiomiix hx, npHBAe- KaTb K OTBeTCTBCHHOCTH.3 HdlOAKOM H36paJI KOMHCCHK) AAH 0X333* hhh noMomn raioAaromuM h opraHH30Baji 3axynxy XAeda b Ky- cTaHaficKOM ye3Ae. ye3AH blft CoBeT yCTQHOBHA CTpOHift KOHTpOAb 33 (j)HH&HCaMH, 3a pacxoAOBaiineM cpeACTB, Hau.HOnaAH3HpoBa.-i CaHK OdmecTBa B3a- HMHoro KpeAHTa.4 5yp>Kya3HH cadoTHpoBaAa MepOnpHjmifl C obctckoh BjiaCTH, nop- THAa o6 opyAOBanne h caMOBOJibHo 3axpbiBajia npeAnpuHTHH. Tax, na 3aceAaHHH A ktioChhckofo HcnoAKOMa 29 BHBapn 1918 roAa paa- dupaAacb >xaAo6 a padoqwx AKTK)6 nHCKoro axmioiiepnoro MeJibHHq- Horo TOBapumecTBa. H3-3a cadoTawa BAaAe.ibu.eB MCAbHHua dbtfia ocTanoBAeHa, a padouHe oKa3aAHCb de3 padorbi. HcnoAKOM no- CTaiioBHA: nepeAarb MeAbiiHuy b pyxw padounx, hcmgaachho nycraTb ee b xoa h AonycTHTb k noMOAy xpecTbAH. C a6 oTa>KUKKH dbum npn- BAeneiibi k OTBeTCTBeHiiocTH.5 18 (peBpaAH 1918 roAa npoHexoAHT opraHH3auHomioe o(|)opMAe- HHe aKTIodHHCKOft TOpOACKOH doAbllieBHCTCKOii OpraHH3aUHH.6 Ocbop- MHBUJHCb OpraHH3aUHOHHO, aXTIodHHCXHe dOJIbllieBHKH pa3BepTbIBa- iot nanpHJKeHHyio padoTy. Axrx)dHHcxaH napTopraHH3au.HH HanpaB- ahct b Opendypr AByx npcACTaBHTCAeii aah noAyncHHH HHCTpyxunfi y Hpe3BbiqafiHoro KOMHecapa Typraftcxotf o6 a 3 Ctm A. T. /3.>xaH- rHAbAHiia. napTHfiHasi opraHHaauHH B03rAanuAa noAroTonxy k ye3AH0My crbe3Ay CoBeTOB. B boaocth h ayAbi dbiAH nocjiaHbi npeACTaBHTGAH HcnoAKOMa h napTHHHOH opranH3auHH aah noAroT-onKH ye3Auoro ci>e3Aa CoBeTOB padoinx, coaa3tcxhx, xpecTbmiCKHX h MycyjibMaH- ckhx AenyTaTOB. Ha ocHOBanuH HHcrpyKUHH o6 opraHH3au.HH CoBe- tob Ha wecTax7 hciioakom npniniMaeT cneuwaAbHoe odpameHHe k 1 Li.rAOP Ka3CCP. cj>. 544, on. 1-a, a . 164, ji. 49. oC/iacrHoro K0 MRTeia», 2 TaM >xe. 3 TaM we. 4 TaM we, jui. 119— 120. 5 TaM we, ji. 78. 6 Taw we, jin. 54—55. 7 OnyOjiHKOBaHO b ra3ere «H3Becrnfl TypraftcKoro JNs 30. 20 (fceBpajin 1918 r. 116

HaceJieiiHfo ye3/*a, npii3binaa xpecTbHH k opraHH3auHH Cobctob Ha MecTax — BOJiocTHbix, nocejiKOBbix, ayjibHbix. B oOpameHHH yKa3bi> B&HOCb, MTO COBeTbl HeCyT OTBGTC.TBCHHOCTb 3a H3bICKaHHe CpejlCTB H 0Ka3aHHe noMom.Fi tfeAHeftineMy HacejieHHio. O hh aoatkhm npono- AHTb o6jioH<eHHe KyjiaKOB HajioraMH h opraHH30Barb ncnojib3oBaHHe npHHaAJic/Kamero KyjiaKaM paOonero CKora h HHBeHTapn ajih 0 6- pa^OTKH nojieFi 6 eAnefiumx KpecTbyiii. 1 O S p a m e n n e ucnoAXOMa bctpcthjio >khboh otkahk cpeA H 6eAiieiV m ero KpecxbHHCTBa cca fi ayAOB A x T io o n H C x o ro ye3Aa. 5 MapTa 1918 roAa nanaa pa6ory A ktio6hhckhh ye3AHbift <rbe3A Cobctob, Ha KOTopow npHcyTCTBOBaAO 360 ACAeraTOB, npH(5bimiiHX H3 BOAocTefi ye3Aa. CpeAH ACJieraTOB Obijio HeMajio 3cepoB. rionbiTKa nocJTeAHHx noAHHHHTb c3oeMy bakhhhio paCSoiy ci>e3Aa norepnejia Kpax. KpeCTbHHCTDO nomAO 3a OOAblHeBHKaMH. OcnoBHbiM nonpocoM ci^e3Aa 6biji Bonpoc o 3eMJie. B pC30jnouHH, npHHHTOfi CT>e3AOM, rOBOpHAOCb: «...BCe 3CMAH nepexOABT B nO.Hb30- BaHHe TpyAHmHXC.5! 6e3 pabAHHHH IiaUHOHaAbHOCTH». Oco6oe BIIHMa- Hiie ci>e3A yACAHA noMomu MajioHMymeMy h CeAiienmeMV xpecTbHH- ctbv. Obe3A o6H3an cejibcxHe oOmecrBa 3aceBaTb kb>kaomy coBepmeHiio iieHMymeMy xpecTbHHHHy, 6e3 paaAHHiifi nojia h B03pac- Ta, lie Meiiee 1V2 AecjmiHbi Ha eAOKa cpeACTBaMH oOmecTBa; xjie6, neodxoAHMbiH 6eAH0My HacejieHHio aah eAbi h ccmhh, pa3pemaAocb 6paTb 33HM006pa3HO H3 TOCyAapCTBeHHblX 3epH0XpaHHJIHLU, a npH OTCyTCTBHH ero B HHX — y HMymHX KpeCTbHH no TBepAOH IXCHe c OTCpOMKOH naaTOxa ao 1 cenraOpsi.21 C*be3A H36paA HOBbiil ye3AHbin HcnoAHiiTCAbHbni komhtct b co- c.TaBe 30 nejiOBex, b tom hhcjiz 7 Ka3axoB, h n o c jia n np«BercrBue CoBery HapoAHbix KoMFiccapoB. HcnoAUHTejibiibiii komfitct AxTio6FiHCKoro CoeeTa Hanpa&nfleT cboio AenrejibHocTb Ha ocymeCTBJieHHe peuieHHii cbe3Aa. H ciioakom npiiHHMaeT Mepbi no 0Ka3anmo homoihh OeAnenuniM xpecTbrniaM 3a chct KompHCKaiuiH xaeOa y xyjiaxoB, a rax/xe HcnoAb30BaHHH npn- HaA:ie>xamero xy/iaxaM ckoth h ccAbcxoxo3nMCTBeHHoro HHBeHTapn RJifi o 6 p a 6 o T K ii noAeft 6 e3 Jiou ia m ih ix xpecTbnH. Tax, 25 MapTa fic- jtoakom npeAHHcaJi HcnoAb30BaTb AouiaAGii xpyiiHbix xyAaxoB Knpb- HiiOBbix AAH o6pa6oTKH noAeft 6e3JiomaAiFbix xpecTbnH. Y KnpbHHo- blix 6lia vHTen necb ckot h h3Ahiiikh ero Cbuni pacnpe/iejiCHU \\ie>KAy 6eAHe.j1niHM HacejienneM, b noAb3y xoToporo KapbUHOBU 6i>ijih o6- AO>xeHbi KoiiTpH6yuHeFi b 20 Tbic. py6AeFi.3 MeponpHHTHH COBCTCKOH BJI3CTH IlO 0Ka33HHK) IIOMOIUH 6CAHO* Te nyTew KcnoAbaosanHa pa6onero ckotb xpynHbix xyjiaxoB 6e3- AomaAHWMH xpeCTbHiiaMH aah o6pa6orKH noAeii, xoH(J)HcxauHH XAC^HblX H3AHU1KOB y XyAOXOB H o6.'10>KCHHe HX K0HTpFl6yHHGFi B nom>3y ticRHcih’Jcro iiacejieiniH H a rJin x iio CBimeTCJibCTBovaJiH, ^ito 1 IirA O P Ka3CCP, tb. 544. on. 1-a, a. 164, a. 79. 2 Taw >xe, Jin. 60— 64. 1 Taw >k c . j j jj. 02— 117. 117

CoBeTCKaa BJiaCTb— nojyiHHHO HapoaHaa Bjiacrb h hto OHa 3amn- m a e r HHTepecw T pyan m eroca KpecTbHHCTBa. Becnoft 1918 rofla b A ktio6hhckom ye3^e pa3BepThiBaeTCH pa6 oTa no opraHH3auHH bojiocthhx, ayjibHbix h cejibCKHX CoBeTOB. 06 3tom CBH^eTejibCTByKyr MHoro*iHcjieHHbie npoTOKOJiw o6iuhx cotfpaHHH bo- jioCTen h noce-iKOB AKTio6 HHCKoro ye3fla. Ha 3thx co6paHHHx npn- IIHMaJIHCb npHB6TCTBH51 COBCTCKOH BJI3CTH B JIHIje COBeTa HapOHHbIX KOMHCCapOB, npOBOAHJlHCb BblGopbl BOJIOCTHbIX, ayjibHbix H cejibCKHX CoBGTOB H KOMHTeTOB. 06mee co6paHHe rpaacaaH cejia Tponiucoro, AKTio6HHCKoro ye3- Jia, cocTOHBineecfi 16 MapTa 1918 rona, H36pa;io ceJibCKHft komhtct h e^HHOiviacHo npHHHJio peuienne «npH3HaTb CoBeTCKyio BJiaCTb* .1 06mee codpamie rpancaaH nocejixa KpacHonpcKoro, AaapeeB- CKoft bojiocth, 17 MapTa 1918 rofla nocTanoBH.no: «EAHiiorjiacHO npii3HaTb CoaeTCKyio BJiacTb» — h H36pajio nocejiKOBbift kombtct.21 AnajiorHMHoe pemeiiHe 30 MapTa 1918 rona BbiHecJio o6 mee co6 pa- Hwe rpajK^aH ceJia Bepe30BCKoro, Aktjo6hhckoto ye3jia,3 h apyrHe. CBHAeTejibCTBOM Toro, Kax rjiy60K0 npOHHKjia Hflea CoBeTCKoft BJiaCTH B C03HaHHe HapO^HblX w acc H HTO B Heft OHH yBHAejIH 3a- LUHTHHUy CBOHX.KpOBHBIX HHTepeCOB, 'MOJKeT CJiyXCHTb npOTOKOJI 3a- cenaiiHH bojiocthoto CoBeTa pa6o<iHx h KpecTbHHCKHX aenyTaTOB KOMCaKTHHCKOft BOJIOCTH AlCTIOdHHCKOrO ye3.Ha, HaTHpOBaHHHH 1-M anpejieM 1918 ro/ia. B npoTOKOjie tobophtch, hto na 3aceAaH«e bo- jiocTHoro CoBeTa jtbhjich ot ithth ayjibHbix Cobctob 21 AejieraT. 3aceAaHHe BOJiocTHoro CoBerra, oTKpbrroe npe^ce^aTejieM t. Kynano- BMM, o6cyHHB TCKyiUHft MOMeHT, npH3HaJI0 CoBeTCKyio BJiaCTb e^HH- CTBeHHOft BJiaCTbK) PoCCHftCKOH pecny6jlHKH H nOCTaHOBHJIO: npH- BeTCTBOBaTb ee h 0Ka3i»iBaTb eft BceMepHyio noAaep>KKy, B036yAHTb xo/iaTaftcTBo o pacnpocTpaHeHHH cpenw HacejieHHa AexpeTOB CHK, H36paTb BOJIOCTHOft HCTIOJIHHTeJlbHblft KOMHTGT.4 rio 6 cna CoBeTCKoft BJiaCTH b A ktio6 hhckom ye3/ic, Kax h b apy- rnx ye3^ax o6jiacTH, tfbiJia 33KpenjieHa TypraftCKHM o6jiacTHbiM c-be3AOM C obctob, peuieHHH Koroporo HMejw 6 ojibiuoe nojiHTimecKoe 3HaweHHe He TajibKo hjih Typraftcxoft o6 jiacTH, ho h jura Bceft Ka3ax- CKoft cTenw. *** B KycTanae CoBeTCKaa BJiaCTb ycTanoBHjiacb HecKojibKHMH hhh- MH paHbllie, HeM B AKTK>6 HHCKe. B nepBbie ahh nocjie no6e.abi Bejiuxoft OKTH6 pbCKHft couHajiHcru- necKoft peBOJiiomiH b ueHTpe CTpaHbi B.iacTb b rop. KycraHae Ha- xoAHjiacb b pynax roponcKoft nyMhi h 3eLMCKoft ynpaBbi, b cocTaBe KOTopbix 6bijin npencTaBHTewiH 6ypwya3HH h corjiamaTejihCKHx napTHft. 1 U rA O P KaaCCP, 544, on. 1-a, a. 67, ji. 46. 2 TaM we, ji. 49. * TaM we, a - 164, ji. 98. 4 TaM we, j i . 89. 118

Ha npOTHweHHH oKTafipyi— HOfltfpn 1917 roAa noAHTHMCCKoe no.io>KeHHe b KycraHaficKOM ye3Ae Bee OoAbiue oCocTpaeTcsr. 3 ko- MOMHKa 6 b u ia Ha rpaHH nojworo pa3BaJia. C cepeAHHhi Hoa6 pH b Kyciauac nponcxoAHJiH MaccoBbie bojihchhh c o j u is t o k , coripoBow- AaBiunecH iiorpoMaMH Mara3HHOB, 6yA0 ^HbIx., CojiAaTOK noAAepxcH- Bayia ropoACKan <5eAHOTa, a HHor^a k hum npHcoeAHHHJiHCb cojiAara. ropoA 6 hji o(5*bBBJieH Ha bochhom nojioxceHHH, a ju ia no^aB.neHHB « 6 ecnopHAKOB» 6buio npHKa3ano npHMeHHTb Boopy>neHHyK) CHJiy.21 B KycTaHae mjia 6opb6 a 3a BJiacTb Mexeny Cobctom pa6o<wx h coji^aTCKHx ^enyraTOB h ropoac.KOH ziyMOH. OcTpaa noAHWiecKaa 6opb6a MOKfly 6oJibiueBHKaMH, c OAHoft cTOpOHM, dcepaMH h Meiib- meBHKaMH, c Apyrofi CTopoHbi, npoHCxoAH-ia BHyTpH caMoro Cone- ra. B KOHue 1917 roAa ha oahom H3 3aceAaHHii CoBeTa paOoMHx h c-OAAaTCKnx AenyTaTOB seep J ly 6 nocTaBHA Bonpoc o6 ornpaBKe npo- AOBOJlbCTBHH Ha (j)pOHT H HOBOM IlOnOAHCHHH apMHH, 6oAbIIieBHCTCKH >xe HacTpoeHHbie coAAaTbi bhccjih Apyroe npwioxceHHe — om paB H Tb xJie6 b nepByio oqepeAb roAOAaiomHM pa(5o4HM nerporpaAa h M ock- Bbi.3 Bropoe npeAAoaceHHe 6bUio noAAep>KaHo CoAbuiHHCTBOM Aeny­ TaTOB ConeTa, ho hc 6uao npHHHTO BCAeACTBue ycTpoeHHoii acepaMH OfiCTpyKUHH. B Hana-ae Hon6pa 1917 roAa b K ycTan afi H3 ricT p orp a A a npnOhiA npOAOBOAbCTBeinibift orpBA b cocra B e 50 qejiOBeK M aTpocos noA KOMaiiAOH OojibuieBHKa BacHAHH MeK.viapeBa. B ee ohh 6 b u in xopouio noopy>K!eHH. O rpH A npHexaji c uejibio opraiiH30BaTb HCMeAJieHHO om paB K y b croAH uy aw esiona x jie d a . I la MHTHHrax h coOpannax, 0praHH30BaHHbrx tfojibiueBHKaMH, M oryqaa npa«A a tfoAbineBHCTCKoro cAosa o tom, *7to nponcxoAHT b cTpan e nocJie CBep>KeiiHH 6ypx<ya3- iioro BpeM eHHoro npaBHTeAbCTBa, pa3o6AaqeH »e KOHTppeBOAiouHOH- HOH nOAHTHKH, npOBOAHMOH MeCTHblMH OpraHaMH BJIBCTH, npUBABKAH Ha d o p o H y 6oAbineBHKOB y>xe abbho cowyBCTByjomyio hm coaabt- cnyio Maccy h TpyAamHxca ropoA a. JIpKHM npHMCpOM 9TOrO HBAfleTCH MHTHHT, 0praHH30BaiIHHH OoAbiueBHKaMH 16 noaGpa 1917 roAa b Ka3ap,\\ie 246-ro riOJiKa. ripo- AOJIXaBUIH&CB HeCKOAbKO qaCOB, OH 3aKOHqHJICH nOAHbIM nOpa>KeHH- eM corAamaTejiefi, K o ro p w e nbrrajiHCb BbicrynHTb c o cbohmh A03VH- raMH, H BblAHACH B WHpOKOe BblCTyrUieUHe COAA3TCKHX Macc MecTHoro rapHH30Ha, p eu in reJ ib H O norpeOoBaBiiiHx HeMeAAeHHOro npoBeAeHHH b >KH3Hb peiiieHHH o nepeAane Bcefi BJiacTH C o B c ry paOoqwx h coA/iaTCKHx AenyTaTOB. BbicrynA eH H e coaast 3a BJiacTb CoBeTOB nepenoAouiHAo bcio MecTHyio aAMHHHCTpauHio h 6 y p x y - a3HfO. M eCTH bie BAaCTH BCeMH MepaMH BnAOTb AO IipHMeHeHHJT BO- Opy>KeHHOH CHAbI CTpeMHAHCb HBBeCTH «ITOpHAOK». OHH A3>Ke XOTeJTH 6 bi.ao a p e c ro B a T b KOMaHAHpa npOAOBOAbCTBeiiHoro o tph as HeK.via- 1 ra3CTa «IO>KHbjft ypaJi», >6 8G, 18 Hnaapn 1917 r. 2 TaM jkc. 3 «KpacHbie napin3aHbi KyctaHaH», KpacBoe H3A, A.i\\<a-ATa, 1934.

peBa h ero noMomuHKa TpyimiHa, ho no6 oHJincb Bbi3BaTh B03Myme- HHe cojiaaT, HaxoziHBiiiHxcH doa bahhhhgm 6 ojibineBHKOB. BOAbLL’GBHKH SHGprHHHO TOTOBHAH yCTaHOBJieHHe COBGTCKOH BAa- cth b KycTanae. 21 AeKaOpn 1917 roAa cocTOHAocb iiejicra.nbHoe co- BemaHHe npeACTaBiireAeft pa6o'inx cobmcctho c pyKOBOAHTeAHMH IipOAOBOJIbCTBCHHOrO OTpHAB MaTpOCOB H npCACTaBHTeAHMH rapHH30- Ha. CoBemaHne peimuio oonpoc o b3jithh BJiacTH. 25 ACKa6pfl pyxo- BOAHMbie 6aibiueBHKaMH padowie, ropOACKan tfeAHOTa h coAAaTu 6oAbiueBHCTCKH HacTpocHiioro 246-ro 3anacnoro nexOTnoro nojwa c noMombio MaTpocoB npoAOBOAbCTBeiiHoro opTHAa cBeprJiH BAacrb op- raHOB BpeMenHoro npaBirreAbCTBa, 3axBaTHAH b ropoAe Bee yqpe>KAe- hhh, Te;ie([)OHHyK) cranuHio, TGJierpacj) h t. a . B ropoAe yciaHOBHAacb CoBeTCKaa BJiacTb. Bma 0prairH30BaH P gbkom noA npcACGAaieAb- ctbom CoAMueBHKa HeKMapeBa. PeBKOM hgmgaachho npncTynHA k op- raHH3auHH KpacHOH rBapAHH. O h otfpaTHAcn k patfonHM h coAAaTaM c npH3biBOM BCTynaTb b Kpacnyio rnapAHio. O^nuepCTBO, KOTOporo b KycraHae HacniiTbiBaAocb ao 300 MejioBex, 6 w.no b3sito Ha yneT. P gbkom H3UMaeT oppKHe y KOHippeBOAiouHOHHbix sjigmghtob, H3- AaeT npHKa3 o cAane HaccAeHiieM opyaacH, o BBeAeimw cneiiHaAbiioro paapeuienHH Ha npaBo HocHTb opyjKne. Bbui oiiy6.iHKOBaH np«Ka3 PeBKOMa o tom, mo «OTiibine bch iviacib npniiaAAe>KHT BoeHHo- PeBOAioimoHHOMy K0MHTCTy»'. B npHKa3c npeAviaraAOCb opraiiH3o- BaTb na MCCTax, b noceAKax h ay^ax, P gbkomm. ropoACKaa AyMa 6biAa pacnymeHa. PeBKOM noAroTOBHA h co3Baji b HHBape 1918 roAa ye3AHbifi CT>e3A ConeTOB KpecTbancKHx h khpth3ckhx ( t. e. Ka3ax- ckhx) AonyiaTOB. Ha stot crbe3A, OTKpbiBiHHHca 15 HHBapa h npo- AOAJKaBUJHHCJI B TeHeHHG AB>’X AHGH, CbGxaAHCb npCACTaBHTeAH BCGX boaoctgh, noccJiKOB ii ayAOB KycTaHaiicKoro ye3Aa. HecMOTpa na okgctohghhoc conpoTHBAeHne accpoB, MeiibiiieBH- kob, ajiam-opAbiHUCB ii KyAauKO-6aiicKHx 3agmghtob, cT>e3A nouien 3a 6 o.lbWCBHKaMH H npiIHHA pCUICHHA, BHCCeHHbie dOAblUeBHKa.MH. n o Bonpocy o BAaCTH Cbe3A npHHHA PC30AIOUHIO, OA06p5HOIH.yiO «pa3pbiB TpyAOBoro napOAa c 6yp>Kya3Hefl h nepcxoA BAacrw b pyKH COBeTOB paCOUHX, COAAaTCKHX, KpeCTbHHCKHX H KHpriI3CKHX AenyTaroB»2*. C t>G3A Bbipa3HA npOTeCT npOTHB nOnbITOK KOHTppeBOAIOUHOHHbIX SAGMeHTOB oCbHBHTb «aBTOHOMHIO Cn6npH» H nOTpeOOBaJI HGMGAAeH- noft nepGAanH CoBCTaM Been noAHOTbi B.nacTH Ha Mecrax. Jl03yHT 06 «aBTOHOMHH CH6npiI» WIipOKO HCn0Ab30BaACH 6yp- x<ya3Heif aah 3aBya.ffHpoBaHHH ee KOHTppeBOAioiiHOHHbix HaMepemiH, npccjicAOBa^T aHTHHapoAHyio uejib cAeAaTb CH6npb HC3aBHCHMOH or peBOAiouHOHHoro nempa, lie AoriycTiub 3Aecb noGeAw ahKTaTypw npojieTapHaTa h npn noMomu HHocrpamibix HMnepHaAHCToo soccTa- HOBHTb BJiaCTb nOM eiAIIKOB H KariHTaAHCTOB. CoBCTCKaa BAacTb pcniHrevibHo 0TBepr.ua raKoS Tun aBTonoMHH ‘ .sKpacHHe napTH3aHhi KycTanaji», KpacBoc AjiMa-ATa, 1934. 2 UTAOP Ka3CCP, <}). 544. on. I, a . 8, jj. 2. 120

h BbiABHHyjia npHimnn rocyAapcTBCHHoro cTpoHTejibCTBa na HanaAax CoBeTCKOft 3BTOHOMHH, OCHOB3 HHOH Ha nepeA ane BCeft BJiaCTH Tpy- HfllHHMHCH B JIHUe COBCTOB pa6o*IHX, COJIAaTCKHX H KpCCTbHHCKHX jenyiaTOB. OyinaKO BCJieacTBHe cjia6 octh napraftHoro pyKOBOACTBa cx>e3Aom 6bLiH AonymeHU ccpbC3Hbie ohih6 kh. ripn pa3pemeHHH Bonpoca 06 aBTonoMHH CTeniibix o6.iacieft on npH3Ha;i ee «HecBoeBpeMeHHofl» h otkjiohhji, HecMorpa Ha to, hto npoxoAHBniHfi c 10 no 18 HHBapn III BcepoccuficKHH crbe3A ConeTOB npoB03rjiacHA (jjeAepaTHBHbiii CTpoft PoccHHCKoft Cobctckoh pccnytfjiHKH. Bopacb nporaB TpeOoBa- HHH 6yp>Kya3HOH aBTOHOMHH, BblABHHyrofi 6yp>Kya3HbIMH Hamiona- JIHCT3MH, pyKOBOAHTe^H KycraHaftcKoro yc3AHoro ci>e3Aa Cobctob 0TKa3a.lHCb OT COBGTCKOft aBTOHOMHH H TGM CaMhIM npOTHBOnOCTa- BHJIH ce6 e TpyAHLUHXCH KOpeHHOft HaUHOHaJlbHOCTH. OiIIH6 oHHO 6 blJIO pemeiiHe h no Bonpocy o 3eMCTB0. hcm 6 hao yi<a3aHO, mto «ye3A- HLIC BOAOCTHLie 3CMCTBa A0,1 >KHbI ^yHKUHOHIipOBaTb... BCCUCJIO B3HB B CBOH pyKH X03HfiCTBQ VCSAa^1. HecMOTpn na OTACAbHue oujhOkh, b ueAOM peuieHHH obC3Aa cbir- pa.in d o jib u iyio p oJ ib b ACAe ynponcHHn Cobctckoh baacth b ye3Ae. *•• B Typrae k MOMCHiy notfeAbi b ueHTpc npoACTapcKoli peBOAio- UHH BCH BAaCTb 6 blAa COCpCAOTOHCIia B pyxax KOMHCCapa BpCMCH- Horo npaBHTCAbCTBa h aAaui-opAbiHCKofi 3£MCKoft ynpaBbi, H36paHiiOH Ha ye3AHOM 3CMCKOM C06p2 HHH 16 OKTHtfpfl 1917 POAa.21 IlOA BAIIHHHCM GOAblUCBKCTCKOfi aTHTaUHH H COObITHli, npOHCXO- ahiixhx b neHTpe, h 3Aecb hm^ ih mccto BhicTyruieuiiH paOoMHx, pa36pocam ibix na OTAejibHbix mcjikhx, KycTapnoro THna sa so A a x — K0Hcep3H0M, MyryiiOAHxeHHOM, na pyAHHKax h Apyrnx npeAnpna- THHX. BoH^Ab TyprafiCKiix noBCTanueB 1916 roAa AManrejibAbi HManoB y3Ha.i o noOeAe poccinicKoro npoAGTapnaia, HaxoAHCb b CBOeM pOA»OM ay^e KaHAayjibCKOH roaocth. ByAyan ncpeAOBNM, nanOo-iee co3Haie*ibHhiM npeACTasHTeACM Ka3axcK«x TpyAmUHxcn, Bbipa3HTe- AeM HX nOAAHHIIblX IIHTCpeC03 II HaHHIIH, AManreAbAbi c nepBblX >Ke AHefi BeAHKOil Ol\\Tfl6pbCKOft COUHaAHCTHMCCKOH pCBOJIlOUHH 3KTHBH0 bkjiiohhach b 6 opb6 y 3a noOeAy C obctckoh bascth b TyprafiCKOM ye3Ae. AMaHrejibAbi HeycTaHiio pas^HCHHA MaccaM, hto 6opi>6a Ka- 3axcKoro napo^a Hcpa3pbiBHO c.on3ana c noOcAoii pyccKoro npojieTa- pnaTa, c no6eAoi'i Cobctckoh BAacTii. Byp>Kya3Hbie HauHOiiaAHCTbi bccmh MepaMH cipeMHAHCb noAo- pnaTb pCBOAiouHOHiioe ABHHceHne Ka3axcKoro lia p oza , Koropoe KJieBeTHHHecKH oG-bJiaiapiH «Bceo6 meft anapxncH». BcJieACTBHe oTcyTCTBusi apxiiuiibix AOKyMeinoB Mbi lie HMeew b 1 LirA O P Ka3CCP, <J). 544, on. 1-a, a. 8, n% 2. 19, 2 ho 2 «H3uecTHH Typraiicnoro ofi^acnioro rpa>Kj.aHCKoro KOMHTeTa», a6pn 1917 r. 121

HacTOHinee dpcmh bo3mt» khocth yKa3aTb TonHyio ziary ycraHOBJie- hhh CoBeTCKOH bjiacth b TypraficKOM ye34e. Ho, npHBJieKaa MHoro- MHCJieHHbie BOCnOMHHaHHH ynaCTHHKOB, B TOM HHCJie caworo A. T. /l/KaHrmibjiHHa, h conociaBjisiH hx c nweiomHMHCH AOKyweH- TaJIbHLTMH AaHHLJMH, Mhl OTHOCHM yCTaHOBJlCHHe COBeTCKOH BJI3CTH b Typrae, a 3aTew h b TyprawcKOM )'e3Ae k cepejsHHe 4>eBpaJifl 1918 rona. LIpe3BhiMaHHbiA KOMHccap TypraftcKofi otfjiaCTH A. T. HxaHrH.ibAHH cpa3y w e nocjie ocBo6o>KAeHHH OpeH6ypra npHCTynn.7 k o p ra H B 3 a u .H H C o B e r c K o i'i b j i a c t h b T y p r a e . BbiJia pac* nymeHa ajiam-opAhiHCKan 3eMCKa# ynpana, BJiacTb nepeuuia k TypraScKOMy ye3AHOMy CoBeTy, kotopwh 6hiJi nepcH36paH. B Hero bouijih npeACTaBHrejm pyccKHX n KA3axcKHx TpyAHiimxcfl, pa6o9He w KpecThHHe. Ha cocTOBBineMcn b nepBOH noJiOBHHe (JjeBpajia Typ- raHCKOM yea/iHOM Cbe3jne KpecTbHHCKKX h KHprH3cKHX AenyraTOB 6 bui H36pan ye3iiHhJH hcitojikom, b KOTopbift soweji h A M aH reJibA bi HMaHOB.1 C*be3A H36paji T3K>Ke AcneraTOB Ha npejiCTOHiUHfi Typra&CKHfi O&JiaCTHOIf C*be3/t CoBeTOB padOMHX, C O J IA a T C K H X , KpeCTbHHCKHX H MycyjibMawcKHX jicnyraTon, cpe/iH H36paHHhix 6huiH AManreJibAbi HMaHOB h ToxapeB. *** B a w H e ftiu H M MeponpHHTHew no ynporenwio Cobctckoh bjiacth b oCwiacTH 6 u j i o co3Aaime HOBoro rocyAapcTueimoro annapara h nepecTpoHKa Bcefl o6 mecTBCHHofi hch3hh Ha hobwx, comiajiHCTHne- ckhx Hanajiax. B btom x e jie Oojibw oe 3Ha*ieHHe hmcji T yp ra ftcK n ii o6jiacTHoA ci>e3A CoBeroB pa6 onnx, c o j i a a r c K H x , K p ecT b n u cK H x h MycyjibMaHCKHX AenyraTOB. Ci>e3A OTKpuACH 21 MapTa 1918 roAa. CocTaB ero 6biji npeHMy- mecTBeHHO KpccrbHHCKHft, patfonnx 6wjio oneHb MaJio. Bojibuie no- JiOBHHbi ACJieraTOB ci>e3Aa cocraBJiajiH Ka3axw. Cbe3A npomeji aeJIHKOM nOA pyKOBOACTBOM tfOJIbUICBHKOB. O rK p U B an CberiA, Hpe3BbiH.aihfbi^ KOMHccap TypraiicKOH o6jiacTH A. T. ii>KaHrH..ibAHH npHBeTCTBOBaJi AejreraTOB cT>e3Aa Cobctob ot HMenH CoBeTa H ap o A H b ix KoMHccapOB. Ha <n>e3A e o6 cy>KAajiHCb Bonpochi o TeKyiueM wowenTe, 06 opraHH3auHH bjibcth, o co3A3Hhh KpacHoA A pmhh, npoAOBOAbCTBeHHbift h A pyrw e Bonpocw. 3acaymaB aokjiba o TeKymeM MOMeirre, c/be3A nocjiaji npuBCTCT- BeHHyio TCJierpaMMy CoBeTy HapoAHbix KoM H ccapOB h 3aHBHji o CBOCft nO.lHeHUjeH COJIHAHpHGOTH C CoBeTCKOft BJiaCTblO H rOTOBHOCTH CTOHTb Ha CTpa>Ke Bcex 3aBOeBaHHH pCBOJIIOUHW.2 nocue o6cy>KAOHHH Bonpoca o bjiacth ci>e3A npHHSwi «fIo.no>Ke- HHe o CoBeTCKofl BJiacTH b TypraficK ofi o 6 jia c T H ». npHHBToe CT>e3AOM «riojio>KCHHC» hmbjio 6 ojibmoe 3HaHeHHe ajih ynponcHHH CoBeTcKofi bji aero He tojibko b TypraHCKovi o6 jiacTH, ho h bo BceM Ka3axcTaHe. ' M3 an^HOfi 6eceau aBTopa c tob. A. T. Zl>KaHriiabAHH'hiM. 2 U rA O P K33CCP, (p. 19, on. I-a. 122

J\\J1B 3amHTbI COBeTCKOfi BJiaCTH B oCJiaCTH Heo6xOAHMO 6bIA0 nOjiaBHTb KOHTppeBOJIIOUHK). OjlHaKO HMeBIlIHeCH B TO BpeMJI B pac- nopa>KeHHH ye3AHbix Cobctob o6jiactH HeMiioroHHCJieHHbie otp&au KpacHOH rBapAHH ( okojio 500 hcaobck), Boopy>neHHbie npeHMymecT- BeHHo 6epAaHKaMH, H e motjih o6ecne*iHTb peweiiHe aToft 3aAaMH. ri03TOMy Ha OCHOB3HHH ^CKpeTa COBeTCKOTO npaBHTeJIbCTBa OT 15 (28) BHBapa 1918 roAa o C03AaHHH Patfone-KpecTbaHCKOH Kpacnoft ApMHH C*be3A yTBepAHJl HHCTpyKUHJO O KOMnJieKTOBaHHH KpacHOH ApMHH na ocHOBe 3anHCH aodpoBOJibueB Ha 4>a6pHKax, 3aBOAax h B BOJIOCTHX. B HHTepecax mHpoKHx TpyAflW HXca Macc 6biJi pa3pemeH cbesAOM * npo^oBOJibCTBenHbiH Bonpoc. C-be3A BbicKa3a.icH 3a «pacnpefleJieHHe x.ie6a npoAOBOJibcTBeHHbiMH OTAeJiaMH Cobctob* *. OlHTasr Heo6xo- AHMbiM 3KCTpemio CHa6£HTb roAOAaiomHe paiioHbr xJiedoM, cbe3A npH3bmaJI CooeTbl p a 6 o i2IHX, COJIAaTCKHX, KpeCTbHHCKHX H KH prH 3CKH X jenyraTOB h Apyrne paCoHHe opraHH3aunn BceMH MepaMH npoTHBO- iietfCTBOBaTh MeUIOHHHHCCTBy. B uejiHX ycneiifworo cHaf»KeHHH ropoACKoro HacejieHHH xjiefaM, a cejibCKoro — npoMbiuuieHHbiMH TOBapaMH nepBofi hcoOxoahmocth Cl»e3A IIOCT3 HOBHJ1 BBeCTH rOCyAapCTBCHHytO MOHOnOJIHK) Ha XJie6 H npeAMeTbi nepBOH HeoGxOAHMOCTH, yCHAHTb pa6 oTJHH KOHTpOJIb HaA npoH3BOACTBOM h co3AaTb b npoMHiujieHHbix ueHTpax cncmiaAbHwe padoMHe opraHbi, BeAaiomHe yneTOM npoH3BOAHMbix npeAMeTOB h hx pacnpeA&aeHHeM. rio pciuennto cb e 3Aa pacnpeAeJieHHe npoMbiui- AenHbix npeAMeTOB nepBOH hcoOxoahmocth na Mecrax B03Jiarajiocb iia MecTHbie CoBerbi h pa6 oTaioJHHe hoa KOHTpojieM ConeTOB coot- BeTCTByioiUHe y*ipe>KAeHHH. CoseThf AOA>KHhi 6uah cjieAurb 3a co6- AFOAeHiieM TBepAUx nen h npecenaTb cneKy-iHUHio. Ha cbesAe 6 bi.n o0 cy>KAeH Bonpoc o CHaOwennH roAOAaiomero Hace*ieHHH HprH3CKoro h He-iKapcKoro ye3AOB h H36pana cneuHajib- Han komhcchh, Koropan fibi.ia KOMaHAnpoeaHa b A ktk>6 hhck a ih HeMeAACHHoro pa3pemeHHH aroro Bonpoca BMeere c A ktio6 hhckhm ye3AHbIM HCnOAKOMOM. BepHyBLUHCb H3 AKTK)6 HHCKa, 29 MapTa komhcchh AoJio>KHJia cT>e3Ay, hto 15 Thi'CHH nyAOB x jie 6 a y » e OTny- meHo jwih M p rn 3a h Mejixapa h npHHHThi Mepu k (JjopMHpoBanHio noe3AOB a ah ornpaBKH 3a xjieGoM b CH6 npb. Ba>KHoe MecTO b p a fio ie T y p r a fic K o r o o 6jiacTiioro ci>e3Aa CoBe- TOB 3aHHM3.1 3eMeJIblIbIl1 BOnpOC. Flo B onpocy 0 3CMAe CT>e3A npHHHA pHA nOCTaHOBAeHHH. B pe30JH0HHH <cO B3aHMOOTHOIIieHHBX Me>KAV pyCCKHM H KHpr*H3CKHM HaCeJieHHeM B Bonpoce O 3eMAenanb30BaHHH» npHMO TOBOpHAOCb: « 3 eMJiefi AOA>KeH nOAb30BaTbCB TOAbKO TOT, KTO n a Hew p a d o r a e r cbohm ahwhwm T p y A O M ,— 6e3 pa3A H H H H n a u H o - HaAbHOCTeil*3. 1 U r A O P Ka3CCP, tj). 19, on. 1, a . 1 (UpoTOKOJibi TypraiicKoro o6^ad- Horo C bC3fl.il COBeTOB). 2 LXI'AOP K33CCP, cp. 19. on. 1, a . 5, jiji. 34—35. 123

Ci>e3A npHHfL/i nocraHOB.neHHe o HaAeACHHH 3eMJiefi bccx 6e3- 3eMeJibHfaix nepece.aeHueB, tak Ha3hiBaeMbix ,«BpeMCHH0 npo>KHBa- k>uihx» , «nenpHnHcaHiibix», hhcao KOTopbix b o&nacTH Cfcuio oneHb BCJ1HKO. Obe3A BbrpadoTaA r a io K e psiA Mep, n a n p a B Jie H H b ix npornB HMy- iu h x K.iaccoB, naK, H anpH M ep, o&noaceHHe h x KOHTp«6yuHefi, Haao- >«eHHe H aJiora Ha KanHTaJi h t. n. H3 Apyrnx, HauOojice *Bawwbix peuieHHH, npHHHTbix CT>e3A0M, cjieAycT yKa3aTb Ha peuieHHH no1patfoqeMy Bonpocy: o HeweAACHHOM C03A3HHH Ha M6CTax npocjieccHoiraAbHbix C01030B, o 6opb6e C 6c3pa- 6oTHuefi, o couHaJibiroM crpaxoBaiiHH h Ap. B 3aK.7ioneHHe CBoefi patfoTbi CT>e3A H3<5paA H cnoAicoM Typrafi- CKoro o6.iacTHoro CoBeTa patfounx, coaabtckhx, KpecTbsmcKHx h KHprH3CKHX (K333XCKHX) AenyTaTOB. BoJIbUIHHCTBO B HCtlOAKOMe CO- CTaBAHAH npeACTaBHreAH Ka3aXCKHX TpyAHIHHXCH, epeAH H36paHHbIX 6u a h CoAbiueBHK AjiHdnft. AxcannuibAHH. Cbe3A npunsui nocraHOB- jieHne o iieofixoAHMOCTii H3AanaTb e xceA H en n yio o6ni>ecTBCHHO-noJiH- THHecKyK) ra3eTy c uiwpoKHM yqacTHeM b u c h paOoqe-KpecTbHHCKHX Macc. MHoroHHCJioHHbie A e jie ra T b i CbCSAa pa3i> exajw cb no cbo h m Mec- t s m h npncTynHJiH k npoBeaeH M O b X H 3 iib e ro pem eiiHft. O AH axo OCymeCTBHTb GOJlbllJHHCTBO H3 I1HX B TO BpeMSI lie OblJlO B03M0HCHMM. M H o rH M AejieraTaM ci*e3Aa GyKBajibiio uepe3 iiecKOJibno AHeft nocne e r o OKOHM3HH51 JIpHUlJIOCb B3HTbCH 3a OpyJKHe, HToChl 3amHLuaTb 3aB0GBaHHH COUHaJIHCTHHeCKOH pCBOJIIOUHH. PeuieHHH cbC3Aa hmcah Gojibiuoe noAHTHwecKoe 3HaqenHe aah 3aKpenjieHHH no6eau CoBeTCKOii BjiacrH b TypraficKOH oGjiacTH. HcKAiowreAbHO bgahko 6u a o 3naqenHC cbe3Aa d nejie nponaraiiAbi H nOliyAHpH3aUHH HAefi KOMMyilHCTHMeCKOH napTHH H 33AaH CoBeT- ckoA BJiacTH epeAH pyccKoro h ocoGenno Ka3axci<oro TpyAHmerocn HaceAeHHH. PeuieHHH, npHHHTbie ci>e3AOM, 6biJih hcmgaachho aobc- A6HN AO inupOKHX Macc HacejieHHH B03BpaTHBIIIHMHCH Ha MCCT3 ACJieraTaMH h ctirpaAH fioAbiuyio opraHH3yiomyio pojib. T e c n o e coApy>KecTBo b p aG o T c <rbe3Aa n pcA C T aB H T eA efi p a siiH q - Hbix HauHOiiaa.'ibHocTeff — pyccK H x, Ka3axoB h A p y rn x — HBHJiocb 6AecTHiUHM noATBep/K AeiineM n p au n A b iio cT H AemiHCKOii H a iu io n a A b - HOft nOAHTHKH KOMMyilHCTHHeCKOfl napTHH, BOnAOTHBIIiefi OCIIOBHbie noAoxceHHH 3toh iioahthkh b «,HeiCAapauHH n p a B HapOAOB P occhh».

C. M . K e n o tc e 6 a c e , ncmeiiT, Kanjumar iicropimecKHX wayx B O P L B A 3A B JfA C TB COBETOB B GEM HITAwlA T H H C K O fl O B .IAO TH O KOHue X IX h b Hanajie XX oena CeMHnajiaTHHCKaa o6jiacTb1 cocroHJia H3 nHTH ye3AOB: CeMHnajiaTHHCKoro, naBJioAapcKoro, KapKapaJiHHCKoro, YcTb-KaMenoropcKoro h 3aficancKoro c iiaceJie- HHeM 684 590 qejioBCK, npnqeM 604 564 ne.noBCKa cocTaBJinjiH xa- 3axn.12 TopoA CeMHnaJiaTHHCK Cfcj.n oahhm H3 Kpynubix skohomhhcckhx UeHTpOB AopeBOJiiouHOHHoro Ka3axcTana, qewy cnoco6cTBOBa.no reorpacjjHqccKoe no.no>KeHHe ropoAa, HaxoAHBiuerocH Ha nepecemeHHH Ba>KHbix TOprosbix nyTGft. B HanaJie XX bckh ct.3hobhtch ojkhbjichiigg ABiixceuHe napoxoAOB no pexe HpTbiuiy (HprbiiucKoe napoxoACTBo) h JKCJie3iioAopo>KHoe Abhjkchhc no AjiTaficKofl «cjie3iiOH Aoporc, cocahhhBinefi CcMnna- JiaTHHCK c HOBOHHKOJiaeBCKOM (H obochOhpckom) , O mckom h ApyrH- mh ropoAaMir CnOnpii, hto 6 bi.no CB«3 aHO c pa3BHTHeM skohomhkh oOvTacreH. B ropOAax CeMHnajiaTHHCKe, ycrb-KaMCHoropcne h IlaB- JiOAape nbipacracT pax npoMbiuiJieHHbix npoAnpiiaTHfi, 3aBOAOB h OTAejibiibic (j)a6 pHKH, iia KOTopux paOoraiOT cothh paOonnx. B CewH- najiarHHCKe naxoAH-nocb 13 33boaob, H3 hhx 5 cajiOToncHHbix h MhlAOBapeHHbIX, 2 KOKCBdlHblX, 3 OBMHHHbIX H LIiepCTOMOHHLIX.3 Kpo- Me 9thx 3aB0A0B, cymeciBOBaAH emc KHpnHMHbie 33boabi, tag pa- 6 oTa.no 6 o«nee 500 pa6owfx, H3 hhx 60 >kcmjuhh h 20 noApocTKOB.4 B ropoAe 6 bi.no 6 MejibHHix; hhcjio paOoMHX na hhx cocraBAa.no 400 qejiOBeK, H3 hhx 40 noApocTKOB. B ycTh-KaMeHoropcKC 6 bi.no 2 ca,noToneHHbix, i Mbi.noBapcHHbin n 3 KHpmmibix aaBOAa, b FlaB- AOAapG — 2 OBHHHHbJX H 1 lUCpCTOMOHHHft 3a BOA. Pa3BHB3AHCb PnAAep h 3KH6acry3, tag AoObiBaAHCb pyAbi h KaMeHHbift yrojib, 1 B CeMiina^aTHHCKyio o6jiacTb, c ncnrpoM u rop CeMiinanaTHHCKe, bxo- ffHAa TeppMTOpHH TCnCpCUJHHX CcMBna.iaTHHCKOH, riaD^O^apCKOfi M BOCTOHHO' Ka3axcTaHCKoft o6^acTefi. 2 riepBan BceoCmaa nepennch hhccjiohhh P occhhckoh HMnepHH 1897 rona 3 «naMHTiiaji Kiinra CeMHna/iaTHHCKoft o&nacrii* 3a 1913 r.f cTp. 105. 4 TaM x e , C Tp. 105, 106. 125

TaM TaioKe paOoTaAH cothh patfoHHx, b hx qncjie 6wao neMaAo Ka3axoB. TeM He MeHee ochobhumh orpacAHMH wapoAHoro xo3«HCTBa B o6-iaCTH 6bIJIH JKHBOTHOBO^CTBO H XAe<5onaLIJeCTB0. nOC.ie^HHM 3aHHMaJiHCb, rjiaBHWM o6pa30M, KpecTbfiHe-nepece^eHUbi, a TaioKe Ka3axH, nepeineALune k occaaocth. nocreneHHo pa3BHBajiacb h KyAbrypHan >KHSHb. B CeMHnajia- THHCKe padoTaji oOAacTHOH craTHcrHwecKHH komhtct iio H3yqeHHio CeMHna.aaTHHCKoro Kpaa, BbixoAHAa «I7aMHTHafl KHHra CeMHnaAa- thhckoh o6Jiacrfi», b Koropoft ocBem,aviacb >KH3Hb MecTHoro iiaceAe- hhh. Bid,! oTKpfair oGAacniofi Myaeft ii npw hcm o6iu.ecTBeHHaH 6H6jiHOTeKa. Buxoahah raaeTbi Ha pyccKOM h k333Xckom H3biKax. B ropoAe 6wjih abc rnMiia3HH, b Koropbix oOyqaAOCb o-koao 600 yne- hhkob. KpoMe rHMH33Hft, hMeyiHCb h Apyrwe yqetiHfaie 3aBeAeHHH, Kax, HanpHMep, ynuTejibCKaa ceMHuapHH, ocHOBaHHaa b 1904 roAy, TpH ropoACKnx yMHAHma, qerupe npnxoACKHx h ABa pyccKo-KHprn3- CKHX yHH.lHLUa. B 1902 roAy b ropoAe oTKpbiJica noAOTAeA 3anaAHO-CH6HpcKOro oTAe.ia PyccKoro Teorpa^HHecKoro oOmecTBa, KOTopuft 3aHHMaAca H3yM^HHew npupoAHbix OoraTCTB, HCTOpHH h apxeoAorHH Kpaa. B Haqajie XX Bena CeMHnajiaTHHCK cTaHOBHTCH oahhm H3 KyAbfypHbix ueHTpOB AOpenojiiouHOHiHoro K a a a x c T a n a . B 1902— 1906 rr. b ropoAax Ch6hph (Owcxe, ToM CK e h A p y rn x ) paCoTOAH couHaA-AeMOKpaTHHCCKHe npy>KKH, KOTopbie pacnpocrpa- HHAH HAeH MapKCH3Ma. l Iepe3 CHCHpCKHe COUHaA-AeMOKpaTHqeCKHe Kpy>KKH HACH M3pKCH3Ma Ha*IHHaiOT HpOHHKaTb B CeMHlia/iaTWHCK. 3accl pacnpocTpanjiioTca couHaA-AeMOKparHHecKHe ahctobkh, npo- KAaMaUHH H B033B3HHH. B 1905 roAy Haqa^acb nepBaa pyccKaa (5yp>Kya3Ho-AeMOKpaTH- qecKaH peBOAFOUHH. B pe3>vibTaTe peBOAiomin 1905— 1907 rr. noA BAHBHHeM pyccKoro npoACTapHaTa npocbiiiaeTca co3HaHHe yrnereH- iihix napOAOB OKpawii, Koropbie noAHHMaiOTCH na ocBoOoAHreAbnyio 6opb6y ripoTHB uapCKoro caMOAepwaBHfl. BoAHa peBOAioirHOHHoro ABH>KennH, AOKaTHDLUHCb ao Ka3axcTana, 3axBamna n CeMHnaAa- THHCKyiO oOAaCTb. B CeMHnaAaTHHCKe h CeMHnaAaTHHCKoft o6 a 8 cth b nepHOA nepaoH pyccKOH peBOAiouHH, HecMorpn na OTAaAeHHocTb Kpan ot KpynHbix npoMhiiiiAeHHbix neHrpoB, He3HaHHTeAbHbift yAeAbHbiii Bee (f>a6pH4HO-3aBOACKHX pa6 oiIHX H OTCyTCTBHe npO({)ecCHOHaAbHhIX op- raHH3auHH paOoqnx h couHaA-AGMOKpaTHliecKHx rpynn, HMejio mccto 3HaMHTCAbHOe CTaHeHHOO ABHHCCHHC, MTO CBHAeTeAbCTBOBaA'O O npo- 6y>KAeHHH TpyABiAHxcH Mace « k 6opb6e 3a a36y<iHbie npaBa neAo- BeKa, 3a ACMOKpaTHio»1. B CeMHnaAaTHHCKe paenpocTpaHHAHCb ahctobkh h npoKAaM,a- UHH cTaneqHHKOB CHOwpcKoft h 3a6aMKaAbCKoii >Kejre3Hhix Aopor, neqaTaBUiHecH couHaA-AeMOKpaTHqecKHMH rpynnaMH CnCHpH. HawOcwiee KpynHoe BbrcrynAeHHe pa6oqnx npoH3ouiAo b CeMHna- 1 B. R Jl e h h h. Com., t 19, »3A. 4-e, CTp. 66. 126

.naTHHCKe JieTOM 1905 roAa. 4 a i o j i a b ropoAe tfy.ia od'bHa/iena Bceotfman 3a6acTOBKa c ynacrHeM paOoHHx Bcex npeAnpHHTHft. Ee yqacTHHKH H36pajiH H3 cBoeft cpeAw AeJieraTOB aah neperoBopoB c BJiaAOJimaMH npeAnpHHTHiri. O hh TpeOoBajiH yBeJiHHeHHH 3apriJiafhi h ycTaHOBJieFiH« 10-qaconoro (rio cy66oraM >Ke 8-qacohoro) pa6o- qero a h a . 1 O ahhm H3 na>KHbix co6 uthh 3Toro nepwoAa 6huia 3a6ac- TORKa cjiywam ux no*iTOBo-Tejierpac|)iioH Komopu n CeMnnajiarnncKe. 11poncxoAHJiH Bbicryn.qeBHH paOoHwx h b Apyrwx ropo^ax o6 ^a- cth. Tan, b KapKapajiHHCKe 15 noaOpn 1905 roAa cocroHJiacb peBO- jnouHOHHaH AeNfOHCTpannB, b KOTopofi npHHHJiH yqacTHe pyccnne h KaaaxcKHe TpyAHiUHecn.21 OceHbio 1905 roAa b CeMHirajiamHCKe 6bi.i opraiiH30Ban nepBwfl b HcropHH ropoAa paOoquH C0103 noA na3BanHCM «06mecTBo B3an- MOnOMOIUH paOOTafOLOHX B pCMCCACHHblX H 33BOACKHX 3aBCA€HHHX ropoaa CeMHnajiaTHHCKa h ero npeAn pH H Tn ax».3 C ok)3 hmgji cbojo Kaccy, 6H6;iHOTeKy h a b >kc H3Aaaaji raaCTy «XpyAOBan >KH3Hb».4 Flo AOHeceHHio >KaHAapMep»H, cneuwaAbHbiM npHKa30M ot 25 ceHTflOpa 1907 roAa rcnepaJi-ryfecpHaTop CTenHoro xpaa 3aKpbiBaeT C o k >3 h apecTOBbiBaer ero pyKOBOAHTe/teft. PeBOAiouHomiaH 6opb6a 190.5— 1907 rr. a a h paOoMHx, KpecTbHH h Bcex Tp yA flm u xca K a 3 a x c K «x c ie - nefi HBHAacb Ba>KHoif ujKo.aoif noAHTHnecKoro BocnHTaHHn. HMnepHaJiHCTHqecKaH BOHHa yxyALUHJia nojio>KeHHe He TOAbKo paOOHHX H KpecTbHH UeHTpa-lbHOH qaCTH Pocchh, HO H paOoqux H KpecTbHH HaUHOHaAbHbIX OKpaHH. Ona TR7KCJIO OTpa3HJiaCb Ha co- ctohhhh HapoAHoro xo3HficTBa Ka3axcTana, a cjieAOBaTCAbHo, h C eMHiiaAarHHCKa h Cbmhiiaa axhhckoh oO.aaci'H. 3naqHTe;ibHo co- KpaTHAOCb npOH3BOACTBO, yMeHblUHAOCb HHCJIO paGo'IHX, 3aiIHTbiX Ha 3aBOAax h (paOpHKax. Ha cyAax BepxHe-HpTbiLUCKoro napoxoACTBa h no AATaftcKofl >Kejie3noft A o p o re H3 CeMHnajiaTHHCKa n e p e n p a B ' JISUIHCb B UeHTpaJIbHyiO POCCHK) AAH HyXCA c|)pOHTa peKBH3HpOB3H' Hbie y TpyAHmerocH Hacesicmin o O jia cm xjie6, ckot, uiepcTb, ko>kh h KoiiiMbi. PaOoHHe Ha TeKcmibHbix, KOxceBenHhix, MyKOMOAbHux npeAnpHHTHHx, cyAopeMOHTiibix MacrepcKH, 3aTOHa paOoTajiH no 14— 16 qacoB b cyTKH, nanyqaa HH3Kyio 3apa6oTnyio njiary.5 B (j)eBpaAe 1916 roAa paOonne OTAeAbiibix npeAnpHHTHH cra.iH TpeOoBaTb ot cbohx xo3HeB coKpamenHH pa6onero ahh h yBejiHneHHH 3apa6oTHOH nAara. 3 th TpetfoBaHHH paOoqwx oOumro ne BbinoA- HHJJHCb. Bo BpeMH BoftHM ueHbi Ha npoAOBOAbCTBemibie npoAyKTbi nopy- CHAHCb. ripOMbllllJieHHbie TOBapbl nepBOtt HeoOxOAHMOCTII nOHTH co- BepiueHHo OTcyTCTBOBajm. ycHJiHJiCH H ajioroBbiii m e t h HCHKoro po- Aa noBHHiiocTH. B ropoAe ocTpo omymaAcn neAocTaroK paOoqeft ch- 1 CeMHnajiaTHHCKHft ofijirocapxHB, 118, on. 2, a . 5, jiji. 69, 70. 2 U rH A KaaCCP, 4>. 369, on. 2, a - 9, a. 11. 3 TaM we. (J). 64, on. 1, A- 499, a . 125. 4 KoMruieKT ra3eTbi «TpyAOBan WH3itb» ao chx nop xpamiToi a CeMnna/ia- thhckom oOnrocapXHBe h oGjiacTHOM My3ee.— n p m m. a a t o p a. 5 CeMHnaJiaTHHCKHft oCnrocapxHB, <|). 1— 4, a . 211, a. 34. 127

jiM. MHorne npoMbiiu.aeHHbie ripe^npHjiTHH H3-3a oTcyTCTBHfl tohah- Ba h paComix pyi< ctohjih. B ropoAe iraqajicji roAOA, ot KOTOporo ocoCeimo CTpaAaAH ccMbH coAAaT h nopronbix pa6 oqnx. Ocotfeimo rn>Kejio orpa3HAacb BOfiHa Ha x o 3niicTBe TpyAHLUnxca Ka3axoB. 3a BpeMa c 1914 no 1917 roA noroAOBbe cKOTa y na3ax- cKoro HaceJieHHfl conpaTHAocb, nan 3to bhaho H3 CAGAyiomHx ^an- Hbix: Jioma^efi b 1914 roAy Cbisio 740 940 roAOB, b 1917 ro A y — 442 911; KpyriHOro poraToro CKOTa b 1914 roAy (5wjio 912 932 roAo- bw, b 1917 ro;iy — 885 022; oueu h K03 b 1914 roAy 6 b u o 1 540 360 iw io b , b 1917 roAy — 898 468.1 riOMeiUHKH H KyJiaKH, K333XCKHC 6aH-(j>eOAaAbI, WHOBHHKH H Kyniibi cobmcctho c ropoACKoft 6ypx<ya3HeH BcnnecKH noAb30B3AHCb 6ezicTBeHHbiM nojio>KeHHeM TpyAHiUKxCH AepeBHH h Ka3axcKHx ayjioB. O hh npo^aBa.an xac6 no cneKyAHTHBHbiM ueHaM, B3AysaAH uenw Ha npHB03HMbie b aepeBHH h ayjibi npeAMeTH nepBoft HeotfxoAHMOCTH. Ohh doraieJiH 3a cqer nocTaBOK aah bohhu obmhh, ko>k, inepcTH, MHca, AomaAeft, kouimli, oTo6pamibix y TpyAHiueroca Ka3axcKoro h pyccKoro HacejieiiHH o6;iacTH. Bbicrpo 6oraTCAH HHOCTpaHHbie Kann- raJiHCTbi, pacxHiuaBmue HCKonaeMue 6oraTCTBa o6jiacm j^jiH bccx 3THX MHOrOMHCJICHHblX 3KCnJiyaTaT0p0B BOHHa CblJia CpeACTBOM 060- rameHHH. C KaxAUM toaom BofiHbi cpeACTBa npoii3Bo;icTBa b ceAb- ckom xo3HHCTBe coKpamaAHCb. BjiacTH peKBH3HpoBa.iH jiomaAeH, 6 biKOB, ynpw/Kb; b AepeBiie omyiuajicn ocTpbiii ne;iocTaTOK pa6onero CKOTa. B pe3yjibTaTe noceBHbie riAomaAH peaxo coKpaTHJiHCb h mho- rue pafioHbi ociajincb 6e3 x.ne6a. CeMnnajiaTHHCKinl renepaA-ryCep- HaTop b OTnere 3a waft 1916 roja cooOmaA, hto b hckotoplix pano- nax odJiacTH necoMiieiiHO pacTeT onacHoerb roAOAa.12 yBCAHMHnaAacb cneKyjinuHH, o6ecueHHBa.ic>i py&ib, >KH3Hb Aopo>naJia c KancAUM AneM. Botina Bbi3biBa.ia Bee GoAbinee otfocTpeiine KAaccoBbix npOTH- Bopennii, ona HBJin-iacb MoryqHM ycKopHTCJieM peBOAiomin. UapcKoe ca.MOAep>KaBHe, crapancb BbinpaBHTb noAOxeHHe, C03- AaBiueecn Ha cppoHTe a d TbUiy, npHtferaeT k mo6hjih33uhh Ha t h - jiOBbie pa6oTM «HHOpoAUeB». yxa3 uapa o Mo6n.TH3aii.HH na TbuiOBbie padoTbi K338XOB ii Apyrnx napoAOB CpeAHen A3hh, ony6jiHKoaaHHbiH 25 hiohh 1916 roAa, BU3Baji HeroAOBaHHe cpeAH TpyAamcrocn nace- JieHHH H HBHJICft COBOAOM K MaCCOBOMy HapOAHOMy BOCCTaHHIO BO BceM K a 3axcrane h CpeAHefi A 3HH. BoccTaime 1916 roAa no cbohm MacuJTaGa.M He bo Bcex o6a 3cthx HMeJio OAnnaKOBbiii pa3Max. TaK, nanpHMep, b CeMHnaAarHHCKOH o&iacTH oho He 6 h ao t3khm o>Kec- ToneHHbiM h uejienanpaBAeHHbiM, xax b TypraftcKoft creiiH, rAe hm pyKOBOAHAH peBOAiouHOHepbi AManrejibAbi H mshob h A jih6 h& Jl>KaHrHAbAHH. B CeMHnajiaTHHOKOH odAacTH dopbCa 6 bwia ciHXHHHoft, Tax Kan yqaCTHHKH B0CCT3HHH B nOAHTHHeCKOM OTHOIIieHHH HBAB.THCb eme 1 «riaMHTHan KHnra CcMHnaaaTHiicKoii oCjiacTH» 3a 1917 r., CTp. 112 2 CenpeTnoe aoHeceiiHe coMnriaJiaTHHCKoro rv6epnaiopa. CneUH3AaT, t. XIV, CTp. 97, 98. 128

Kpafine OTCTa^biMH. OcoGemio iiiHpoKHfi; pa3Max BOCCTanne hm&io b KapnapajiMHCKOM h 3awcaHCK0M yc3Aax. Ka3axcKoe H acejieH H e oK p ecT H ocT en ro p . CeMHnajiaTHHCKa nocjic on y6.iH K O B aH H a y K a 3 a o M O&uiHaauHH K a3 axoB Ha TbiJioBbie p a 6 oT b i CTaJio o T K o q c B b iB a T b b r .iy 6 b crerw, ncperoH H H n p « s t o m Bccb cboh c k o t . 3naMHTe*ribHa5i nacTb K33axcKO H m o a o a o k h , p a 6 o T a B m c ft no naflMy y KyAaKOB-KOAOHH3aiopoB, T a io n e yxoAHAa b cTcnb, hc a o >k h - Aaacb y 6 opKH ypojKaa. Hinrepecuyio oueuxy o6 mecTBeiiHO'noAHTH<iecKoro noAOKenna b ofijTacTH Aa.i b OKT«(5pe 1916 roAa ceMHnaAaTHHCKHft ry 6 epnaTop b cexpeTiio.M A O iieceiiH H : «n p a B H T e .ib C T B e H iia n noAHTHKa 3a n o c A e A iie e Bpe.MH iieyKJioiiHo Beact k ripo6y>KAeiiHio cpeAH KHprn30B iioahth- HeCKOH MbICAH. O co6eniIO CIIAbHbIM TOAHKOM, BCTpHXHyBLLIHM AO oc- u o n a m i f i B e c b y i m a n K n p n i 3 C K o i i >kh3hh, HBAneTCJi npn3biB pado'inx- HHopoAueB na TbiAOBbie pa6oTbi. 3 to npodyAHAO b C03naHHH KHprH- 3ob nauHonaAbHbie HyBCTBa»'. BoccTaHHe 1916 roAa 6 u a o u a n p a n j i c u o npoTHB uapcKHX k o a o - HH33TOpOB H HMnepHaAHCTHMCCKOH BOfiHbl, OmaCTH HpOTHB Ka3aX- ckhx CaeB-cjjeoAaAOB h Hau,H0HaAHCTHiiecK0i1( 6yp>Kya3HH, hbahb- UIHXC5I CTOpOllHHKaMH CaMOAep>KaBHH. Olio HMeAO HamiOZiaAbHO- 0CBo60AHTeAbHbift xapaKTcp. H a p a A y c n a u H oiia A b iio-ocB o6 oA H T eA b H b iM BOCCTainieM Ka3axoB, b 1916 roAy b CeM HnaAaTHHCKoft o fo ia cT H pocAO peBOAionHomroe ABH>xeHHe cpeAH TpyAfliuerocsi p y c c K o r o HaceAenHH. U po h c x o a h a h sa6acTOBKH, b 6 o p b 6 y BTnrHBaAHCb m npoK H e caoh H aceAeunn. B (J)CBpaAe 1916 roAa pa6owHe otACAbHbix npeAnpnnTHH CeMHna- AaTHiicKa HpeA'bHBHAH Tpe6oBaiiH5i o coKpameHHH patfonero Ana, e>KeAHeBHOM O T n y cx e naHKOB, BbiAane KaproqeK hx ceMbHM h t . a . 3 th TpedoBaHHH pa6o<wx yAOBAeTBopeiibi ne 6biAH, h to npHBeAo k 3a6acTOBKaM. Be iiawaAH padonne KOKCBeimoro 3aBOAa b 3aTone. K iih m npHcoeAHHHAHCb paCoqne peMOHTiibix MacTepcKHx Bepxne-Mp- ThiuicKoro napoxoACTBa. P a 6o»ine Tpe6 oBaAH yAyqineHHH MaTepnaAb- Hbix ycAOBH^f, npeKpameiina BOHHbi, oGecneqeuHn cneu.OAe>KAoft h t. a . OAHOBpeweHHo od'baoHAH 3a6acTOBKy patfonne Toro >Ke BepxHe- HpTumcKoro napoxoACTBa b ycTb-KaMeHoropcne h riaBAOAape.2 POCAO HeAOBOAbCTBO nOAHTHKOH UapH3Ma CO CTOpOHLI 6 eAHHUK0-Ce- peAHHUKoro KpecTbHHCTBa pyccKHx Aepeoeiib, k o to po c o c o 6 c h h o npo- HBHAocb cpeAH ncpeceACHueB BopoAyAHXHHCKofi h CeMHapcKOH bo- AOCTefl. H ap oA H b ie M accbi c tpc m h a h c b k 0praHH30BaHHbiM AcficTH H aw . B 3to m o th o u ic h h h xap aK T ep n o B033B3HHe >KCH-coAAaTOK C e M iin a A a - THHCKa, npH3HBaBUiee k opraiiH 3auH H coio 3 a : «C o A A a T K H , CBOIO >KH3Hb yCTpaHBaHTe CBOHMH pyKaMH. B b l T3KHC >Ke rpy>KeHHu.bi, K a x h A p y r n e patfonHe. P a 6 o q n e n<e opraHH3yiOTCH B C0JO3 H KyiOT CBOIO CyAb6y CBOHMH pyKaMH. OpraiIH3yHTCCb H Bbl! 1 CeMHiiaAaTHiicKHft ollnrocapxHB. <b. 118. on. 3, a. 4. ji. 12. 2 TaM m c, on. 2, a - 4, jiji. 101— 103. 9— 1201 129

TojibKO opraHH30BaHHbiM nyieM MOJKeT 6biTb 3aBoeBaHO npaBO na Jiymnyio a m io ! B Bocnpecenhe 5 nosi6pn 1916 ro^a, b 9 qacoB yTpa, npuxonHTC bcc b 3AaHHC K.iy6-TcaTpa, opraHH3ycM cbo# c o io a * 1. H a HO’IBe He/JOBCVIbCTBa BOHHOli H AOporOBH3HOH nponcxoAH JiH MaccoBbie BbicT ynjienH H . 19 HoaOpH 1916 r o A a okoao 100 >KeH-co.-iAa- tok norpe6oBaaH orriycTHTb hm H3 MarasHHOB TOBapbi co ckhakoh Ha 20 npoueHTOB. B othgt Ha OTK33 BhincwiiiHTb hx Tpe6 onaiiHe ohh CTa- jih pa36HB3Tb Mara3HHbi. P a 3 rp o M Mara3HHOB c y q a cT H e M ropoACKO- ro naceJieHHH npoAOAJKaACH ; m a ahh. OcTaiiOBHTb ero nojinuHH AO/iro He Moraa, Tax KaK HH3iiiHe hhhisI n o a n u n n h co;maTbi MecTHoro ra p H H 3 0 H a OTKa3biBaJiHCb cTpejW Tb b iia p O A . B KOHue kohuob CHJioft opy)K H H BbicTynaeHHe 6 biJio npexpameHO. FIocac BToro 6uao H3AaHo o6H3aTejibHoe nocTaiioBAeHHe Ccmh- naJiaTHHCKoro rydepHSTOpa, b kotopom roBopHAocb: «1. BocnpemaeTCH nyCjiHKe noHBAHTbca ua MecTax decnopHAKOB, co6 npaTbCH rpynnaMH 6 oaee Tpex MeaoBeK ua yjiHuax ropoAa. 2. JIOMOBbie h aerK O B bie H3B03HHKH He hmciot npaBa npH6jm>KaTb- ch k MecraM dccnopaAKa ua paceroauHe Oahjkc nojiyBepcTbi. 3. BenepoM, nocjie bocbmh qacoB, hhkto Ha yjiim y He aoajkch BbixoAHTb, 3a HCKJHoqeHHeM jihu, coctohiuhx ua BoeHHOH, rocyAap- CTBeHHoft cjiy>i<6e. 4. KHHeMaTorpac})bi h codpaHHH noCvTie BOCbMH qacoB Benepa AOA>KHhl 6blTb 3aKpbITbI. BHHOBHbie b HapyureHHH HacToamero o6H3aTCAbHoro nocTaHon- JieHHH 6y^yT mjioio noABepraTbca nope.MHOMy 3aKAioqeHHK) hah ape- CT3M ao Tpex MecflueB, a TaiOKe ^enejKHOMy uiTpatJjy ao rpex tbi- chh py&ieft»21. BecTb o coObiTHHX b CcMiinajiaTHHCKe dwcrpo odAereAa b o o CeMHna^arHHCKyio oOjiacrb. B yesAiiux ropoAax h cejiax Tan>Ke npo- H30iujiH MaccoBbie BbicTynjieHHH, conpoao>KAaBiJLiHecH pa3rpoMaMH Mara3HH0B. BoeHHhie h rpa>KAaHCKHe BAacra 6 biah deccHAbHbi, Tax Kan ne HMeJIH IIOAAep>KKH CO CTOpOHbl BOHHCKHX HaCTeft, B OCOdeHHOCTH pa- AOBoro cocTana. H3 ye3A0B h BOAOcreft AeTejiH TCAerpa.MMbi rydep- HaTopy o BbicbiJiKe BoenHbix noAKperuieHHH.3 OO-bHCHHA npHHHHbl BblCTyilJieHHH COAAaTOK B CeMHIiaAaTHHCKOH o6a 3Cth, reHepaA-ryGepHaTop CTenHoro Kpan nwcaji: «npH*iHHoft, Bbi3BaBineH 19—20 Hoadpa decnopHAKH b r. CeMHnaAaTHHCKe, hbah- eTCH odman AoporoBH3iia >kh3hh h BbicoKoe noAHHTHe ToproBu,amh ueH Ha Bee TOBapbi, ocodeHHO Ha MaHy<j)aKTypy»4. OAHaKO npHHHHOft 3THX BblCTyriAeHHfl dblA He TOJIbKO pOCT AOpO- 1 CcMHna^aTHiicKHfi otfjirocapxHB, <p. 118, on. 2, a . 4, ji. 59. 1916 2 CcKpeTHoe aouecCHHe CeMHna^aTmiCKoro ry6epnaTopa, CneuH3AaT t . X IV , crp. 106. 3 TaM » e , crp. 107, 109. 4 T om we, CTp. 110. 130

rOBH3IIbI, BbI3BQHHbIH BOHHOH. HapOflHbie M3CCHI CTHXHflHO IipOHBJlH- JIH 3THM CBOC HCaOBO-TIbCTBO HMnepHaJIHCTHlieCKO)5 BOHHOH, CBOK) H6- HaBHCTb k uapH3My h ero aimuiapoanofi noaiiTHKC. * * He B (J)eBpajie 1917 roaa pyccKHe paConne h cojiaaTbi, pyKOBOAHMbie napTnefl 6ojibiueBHKOB, cnepr.nn uapcKoe ca\\toaep>KaBKe. Kan TOJibKo b CeMHnajiaTHHCKoft oCaacru cranio n3BecrHo o caep>KennH uapH3Ma, Hapoanbie Maccw BbirnaH na yJiHUbi ropoaoB, npOBOilHvlH MHTHHTH, III.7H C peBOAlOUHOHHblMH nCCHHMH K TIOpbM3M h BbrnycKaviH Ha CBoCoay tomhbiuhxch raw peBoafouwonepoB. Hapoa pa3opy>Ka.i h apecroBbiBaa noaHueficKHx h xcanaapMOB.1 TpyanmHe- ch Ka3axH b 3THx coCbithhx npHiiUMaan caMoe AeHTe^ibHOe yqacTHe. 5 Mapra 1917 roaa b CeMHnajiarHHCKe H3 npeacTaBHTeaeH ropoa- CKOH AyMbI, OCpHUepCTBa, Clip/KGBOrO KOMHTeTa II KyAaUKOrO Coioaa KOOnepaTHBOB 6bIJI C(})OpMHpOBaH «CeMHnaJiaTHHCKHH HCnOJIHHTCJIb- Hblft KOMHTCT oCmCCTBCHHblX 0praiIH3aUHft H apMHH». B COCTaBe KO­ MHTeTa Cbi.no 16 npeacTaBHTeJieH ot Cyp>Kya3HH, 7 ot KyaanccTBa h TOJibKO 4 upea.CTaBHTe.nH ot paCouHX, coaaaT h CJiyjKamHx. OCaacr- iiOH Hcno.nHHTe.ibHbiH KOMHTeT CTaa op ran oM Cyp>Kya3Horo B p e M e H - Horo npaBHTeJibCTBa.21 KonTppeBOjnouHOHHOCTb H c n o a H H T e a b H o ro KOMHTeTa BbJpa3HJiaCb, B HaCTHOCTH, B TOM, HTO OH OCTaBHJI H3 CBO- Coae HeHaBHCTHbix Hapoay uapcKHx wanaapMOB h Bbicninx hhhob- IIHKOB. HeMHoroHHCJiemibiH no otholuchhio k ocraJibHoft Macce ropoacKO- ro HacejieHHH paConnii Kaacc CeMiinaaaTHHCKa, B03raaBJiHeMbift Coab- meBHKdMH, nocjie noayqeHHH H3BecTHH o peBoaioiuiH b rieTporpaae CUBMeCTUO C COJIA&TdMH, BepHyBIHHMHCH C (ppOHTa, HawaJJ 0praiIH30- BaHHyio CopbCy 3a co3aaHiie CoBeTa paCoHHX h coaaaTCKHx aenyTa- tob b npoTHBOBec o6pa30BaBineHca n ropoae Cyp>Kya3HOH Baacni. 8 Mapra 1917 roaa noa pyKOBoacTBOM 6 ojibUieBHKOB coctoxji- ca mhthht Ha cyaopeMOHTHOM 3asoae BepxHe-HpTbiiucKoro napoxoa- ctb3, na kotopom npHcyTCTBOBaao okojio 400 neJiOBeK.3 H a MHTHHre Bbidynaan peBoaiouHomio HacTpoemibie paComre, OTaeabHbie qjieHbi CoabmeBHCTCKOH napTHH h coaaaTu, BepHyBHiHecn c ppOHTa. 3aecb Cbiao npuHHTO peureHHe o C03aaHHH CoBeTa paCoanx h coaaarcKHx aenyTaroB. ynacrHHKH MHTHiira H3Cpaan 8 aenyTaTOB b C obct. Ha apyroii aeiib cocronaHCb coCpaiinn paCoqnx MeabHHU, KO>KeBeinioro 3aBoaa, nHBOBapeHHOro 3aBoaa h apyrnx npeanpHHTHft, Koropbie H3Cpaan b CoBeT 22 aenyTara.4 10 MapTa 1917 roaa cocroaaocb nepBoe 3aceaaHHe CoBeTa paCo- hhx aenyTaTOB, Ha kotopom Cbiao npniiHTO oCpameHHe k coaaamM CeMHnaaaTHiicKoro rapHH30iia c npeaao>KCHHe.\\i H3CpaTb aenyTaTOB 1 IXrHA KaaCCP, $. 434, on. 1. a. 47, jui. 85, 86. 3 TaM >Ke, ji. 84. 3 CeMMiiaJiaTHHCKHfi o6^rocapxHB, $. 118, on. 2, r . 4, ji. 62. 4 TaM jfce. Jin. 63, 64. 9 * 131

b CoBeT. OtfpameuHe CoBeTa paOoMHx aenyraTOB c BOOjiymeBJieHHCM 6biJio npHHHTO coaaaTaMH. 17(30) MapTa nponcxoaHJio coOpaHHe Bbi6opnbix ot bohhckhx nacreS CeMnnajiaTHiicKoro rapHH3ona h <5wjio H36paHo 17 aenyraTOB.1 TaKHM o6pa30M, Hapaay c 6yp>Kya3- HblM «CeMHIiaJiaTHHCKHM HCnOJIHHTe.?lbHbIM KOMHTeTOM o6lUCCTBeiI- Hbix opraHH3anHH h apMHH», o6pa30BaacH C obct paGoqnx h co.aaaT- ckhx aenyiaTOB. B CeMHnaJiaiHHCKC, KaK h bo Bceft CTpane, C03aa- jiocb ^BoeB^acTHe. ripoTHB o6pa30BaHHH CoBeTa padoHHx h coaaaTCKHX ^enyTaTOB BbicrynaJin npeacxaBHTeaH 6yp>Kya3HH. O hh nuTaJiHCb aoKa3biBaTb, hto hct hcoOxo/ihmocth b opranH3auHH CoBera padomix h coaaaT- ckhx AeriyTaTOB, tsk Kan b «CeMHnaaaTHHCKOM HcnoaHHTeabHOM KOMHTeTe o6mecTBeHHbix opraHHsauHH h apMHH* hmciotch npea- cTaBHTe.au ot patiomix h apMHH. OaHaKO, HecMOTpyi na ynopHoe conpoTHB.aeiiHe H.aeiiOB 6yp>Kya3Horo hcfiojihHTejiLHoro KOMHTeTa, CoBeT pa6oqnx h cojiaaTCKnx aenyTaTOB b CeMHnaaaTHHCKe 6 bia C03^aH. B CeMnnajiaTHHCKOM CoBere patfoHHx h coaaaTCKHx aenyTaTOB, KaK h b Oo^ibiHHHCTBe CooeTOB dpaHbi, npeoOaaaa.iH acepbi h .ueHb- rneBHKH, ocyiuecTBJiHBiuHe h BceMepHO noAAep>KHBamiiHe nojiHTHKy 6yp>Kya3Horo BpewenHoro npaBme/ibCTBa. HccMorpa Ha npeaaTeabCTBO MeHbiucBHKOB h acepos, CeMHnaaa- THHCKHft CoBeT paOoHHx h coaaaTCKnx aenyTaTOB hbjihjich opraHOM HapoAHofi BJiacTH, 3amHmaiomHM HHTepecbi TpyaniunxcH ofoiacTH. BoJibiueBHKH, BXOflHBHiHe b cocTaB CoBeTa, pa3o6jraHa^H npeaaxejib- CKyio jihhhjo acepOB h MenbiueBUKOB, hx anTHHapo^Hyio comarna- Te^ibCKyio nojiHTHKy, HanpaBJieHHyio Ha npoaoa>KeHHe HMnepna.iHCTH- HeCKOH BOHHbl H ClIOCOtfCTBy fOWytO 3KCIlJiyaTaiIHH Tpy/IflIHHXCH. Ka3axcKaH 6yp>Kya3no-MauHOHa-iHCTHqecKaH HHTejiJiHreHUHH CeMHna/iaTHHCKa, tccho cBnaainiaa c 0ypH<ya3Ho-iianHOiiaaHCTHHe- ckoh opraHH3auHefi «A jiaiu>, b cocTaB KOTOpoii Bxoanjia H3BecTHaa qacTb ee, cneniHJia Hcnoab30BaTb cBepxceHHe uap«3Ma b cbohx Hirre- pecax. 3 to ocoOeHHo npKO noKa3aa o6jiacTHofl «KHprH3CKHfi ci>e3a» ,12 co3BanHwfi b CeMHnaJiaTHHCKe 27 anpejin (10 Man) 1917 roaa no HHHUHarHBe HauHoiiajiHCTuqecKofi 6yp>nya3HH. Ha c*be3Ae o6cy>KAajiocb oKoao ABaauaTH BOnpocoB: o MecTHOM caMoynpaB/ieiniH, o6 «o6meKHprH3CKOM cr,e3a.e» h ap. TaaBHaa uejib ci»e3aa 3aKaK>uaaacb b tom, mto6m noaaep>KaTb nojiHTHKy BpeMeu- HOTO npaBHTeJIbCTBa, Mo6HJlH30BaTb CHJlbl oOjiaCTH lia «BOHHy ao noCSeaHoro KOHua», ynpeirnTb wiacTb 6yp>Kya3HH h OaeB-c^eoaaaoB, no-npe>KHeMy sncnayaTHpoBaTb TpyaameecH Ka3axcKoe HaceaeHne H OopOTbCJI C peBOJnOUHOHHblM aBH>KeHHeM Macc. Ha ci>e3ae npHHHMaaw aKTHBHoe ywacTHe pa3JiHmibie Ka3axcKHe 6yp>Kya3H0' HaUHouaaHcTHqecKHe opraHH3auHH.3 1 CeMHna^aTHiiCKHH o6.irocapxHB, <}>. 118, on. 2, jy. 4, jiji. 64 65 2 IirHA KaaCCP, $>. 15, on. 4, a. 25, nn. 42, 43. 3 TaM » e , A. 35, jiji. 44, 45. 132

nocTaHOBJienHH CT>e3Aa nporHBopenHJiH nurepecaM TpyAHLunxca Ka3axoB; ohh OTpaKajiH aHTHHapOAHbie C'rpeMJieHHH K33axcKHX 6a- eB-(J)eo,aajiOB h liaunonajiHCTHHecKOH 6yp>Kya3HH, CBH3aHHbix c pyc- cKofi HMiiepnaJiHCTHMecKOH 6yp>Kya3HeH. 29 hiojih 1917 roAa q-ieHbi napTHH «A.naui», npojKHBaiomHe b Ce- MHnajiaTHHCKe, c yqacTHeM npeACTaBHTeAeH naunoHaAHCTHqecKoft 6yp>Kya3HH ropoAa npHHHJiH pemeHHe: «3apeMHyio Cjio6 oAKy»‘ nepeHMenoBaTb b ropoA «A jia m »*2. 3,aecb C03AaeTC» rHe3AO Ka3ax- ckhx 6 yp>Kya3Hbix HaunoHajincTOB, H3AaBa;iacb ra3e ia «Capbi-Ap- Ka», nponoBeAOBaBiiiafl peaKUHOHHbie, 6yp>Kya3HO-HauHOHaJiHCTHqe- CKHe B3l'JlH Abl. KpoMe ra3eTbi «Capfai-ApKa», H3AaBajincb JKypnaA « A 6 aft» h ra- 3eTa « K a ^ iK -C io 3 b i» na T a T a p cK O M fl3 b iK e. Bo Bcex 3thx ra3erax h >KypHa.7ax aAatu-opAWHUbi BocxBaAHAH no.iHTHKy BpeMenHoro npaBmejibCTBa h b to >xe BpeMH pa3x<Hra;iH Bpa>KAy Me>KAy Ka3axaMH h pyccKHMH. Ilocvie OeBpa-ibCKoii peBOjiioumi b CeMHnajiaTHHCKe o6pa30Ba:iCH «JicnOAHMTeJJbHhlH KOMHTeT COBeTa KpeCTbJIHCKHX m Kaaaqbnx Aeny- TaTOB» , . coctohbixihh H3 KyjiaKOB, KOTOphiH bcc cHJibi nanpaBHJi na noAAep>KKy BpeMenHoro npaBHTeJibCTBa. Co3BanHbifi hm b Mae 1917 roasl o 6jiaCTHOft ci>e3A KpecTbHHCKnx h Ka3a<ibHx AenyTaTOB npHJiaji pe30Jiiou,HK) o noAAep>KKe BpeMenHoro npaBHTe.ibcTBa h o npoAcu- >KeHHH hm nepnaJiHCTHwecKOH BOHHbi « ao no6eAHoro KOHua».3 BoAblilHHCTBO Ha C>6jiaCTIiOM Cbe3Ae KpeCTbHHCKHX H Ka3a^IbHX AenyiaroB cocTaBAHJiH acepw. PatfoHHe h KpecTbane b sto BpeMfi eme npoHBAHAH 6ec.co3HareJibHO AOBepquBoe OTHOiueuHe k 6yp>Kya3H0.\\iy BpeMeHHOMy npaBiiTe/ibCTBy. *** AnpejibCKHe Te3HCbi B. H. JleHHHa asah napTHH h padoqeMy KJiaccy reHHa.TbHbifi hash 6opb6 bi 3a nepexoA ot 6yp>Kya3H0-Ae- MOKpaTHHeCKOH peBOAIOUHH K peBOAIOUHH COU.HaAHCTHMecKOH. V II BcepoccHHCKaa (AnpejibCKaa) KOH<j)epeHu,Hfi 6oAbmeBHKOB, oao6 phb A npeAbCKHe Te3Hcw JlenHHa, BbmecJia na hx ocHOBe pha nocia- IfOBAeHHH 110 Ba/KHeHLUHM BOnpOCaM nOJIHTHHeCKOii 3KH3HH CTpaHbl. OepeA napTHefl 6oAbnieBHKOB BcraJia HeoTAOKiian 3aAana — cmioTHTb napoAHbie Maccu noA Ji03yHraMH napTHH, npoB03iviameH- HblMH AnpeJlbCKOH KOH(J)epeHUHeft, H3OAMp0BaTb MeHbLUeBHKOB H acepOB, noAHHTb npoAeTapnaT b coio3e c deAueiiiuHM KpecTbHHCTBOM Ha 6 opb6 y 3a BAacTb CoBeTOB. BecHofi h AexoM 1917 roAa b CeMHnaAaTHHCKOH o6jiacTH pa3Bep- TbmaeTCH MaccoBoe pa6o<iee u KpecrbHHCKoe ABH>KenHe. BbicTynAe- UHfi paCoHiix ropoACKHX npeAnpHarnn, ofibniHO noAAep>KHBaeMbie » B HacTOHinee BpeMK ropoa >KaHa-CeMeft. — FI p h m. a b t o p a. 2 L irH A KaaCCP. cp. 15. on. 4. a . 85. a. 95. 3 TaM, ace, on. 8, a . 782, n. 83. 133

pyccKoft h K3 3 3 XCKOH desHOToft, hochjih MaccoBbiH xapaKTep. P a 6 o- M«e BepxHe-HpTbimcKoro napoxoacTBa b CeMHnajiaTHHCKe, VcTb- KaMeuoropcKe h FlaBJio^ape Bbi/tBHiiyjiH TpedosaHHe o BbiAane no.a- hoh 3 apa6 oTiioH n^iaTbi 3a 3HMHHe Mecaubi. C TpedoBaHHew ysejiH- Heunsi 3apa6oTHOH n^aTbi BbicTynmin p a 6 o<ine Pn/mepcKoft y3KOKOJieHHoft >Kejie3Hofi aopon i h 3KH6acry3CKHx yixwibHbix Konefi. MeiibixieBHKH h acepbi, B03rJiaBJiflBiune CeMHna.aaTHHCKHii C oser paCoqwx h cojia3tckhx AenyiaTOB, bchhcckh npei/arcTBOBajiH pa3BH- THIO peBO^IIOUHOHHOrO ABHOKCHHA HapOiXHbIX Macc. XapaKTepHa c stoh tohkh 3peiiHH pe30JiiouHH, npHUHTan Ha rme- HapHOM 3ace^ajiHH Ce.MHnajiaTHHCKoro CoBeTa paoo^Hx h co.\"maT- ckhx AenyTaxos b anpejie 1917 ro^a, b KOTopofi CeMHnajiaTHHCKHH CoBeT npH3biBaji patfo^Hx h KpecTbHH >K^aTb oKOHijamia Botfnbi h co3biBa y»jpejiHTe/ibHoro cotfpaHHH.1 Bc.ieziCTBHe npe^aTCvibCTBa 3ce- po-MeHbiueBHCTCKOro pyKOBOACTBa CeMwnaJiaTHHCKHH CoBeT pa 6 o- MHX H CCWiaTCKHX ^enyTaTOB He OTKAHKliyVICH Ha npH3b!B O mCKOTO CoBeTa o r 16 anpejm 1917 ro,aa, o6 pamemibiH ko BceM CoBeTaM pa- 6 ohhx h coJiAaTCKnx .neriyraiOB Cn6 npH o tom, m o 6 bi npucoe^H- HHTbCfl K Tpe6 0 BaHHK) O BBe^eHHH BOCbMHHaCOBOrO patfOHeTO AHA. HanyraHHhiii pa3MaxoM peBOjnounoHHoro ABH>KeHHH b ropo,ae h oCjiaCTH «CeMHIiaJiaTHHCKHH }ICnOJIHHTe.lbHblft KOMHTeT o6 meCTBCH- HUX OpraHH3aUHfi H apMHH», COCTOHBLUHH H3 acepOB, MeilbWCBHKOB H a/tam-opAbiHUCB, b Mae 1917 ruaa npumui cneunaJibHoe peuieHHe, no KoropOMy ynpaBJieiiHc ropoAOM h oix/iacTbio nepcAaBa.aocb b pyKH «06jiacTH oro K0MHCcapnaTa» b cocTaBe 9 He<rioBeK acepos h MeHb- UieBHKOB.2* HecMOTpn na yciijihh acepoB h MeHbiueBHKOB, peBOJizouHOHnoe ^BH>KeHHe b CeMHnajiaTHHCKoft o6jiacTH npo£o.n>Ka.ao pa3BiiBarbCH. Cm ibiioe 3a6acTOBOHnoe £BH>KeHHe nponcxo/urjio b Hio.ie 1917 ro/ia Ha PHA4 CpCKHX py^HHKaX H PHAiXepCKOH y3KOKO«ieHHOH >Ke.ie3HOH Aopore. XteaTeJibHoe yHacrne b 3a6acTOBKax npHHHMa.iH pa6 oin e- Ka3axH. yijacTHHKH 3aCacT0B0K Tpe6oBa.iH apecTa aAMHUHCTpauHH >Kejie3Hoft Aoporn, yBe-iH^eHHH 3apa6oTiioft nJiarhi, yjiy'imenMH caHH- TapHbix ycJiOBHft. Ha CeMHna.naTHiicKOM cy^opewonTHOM, nHBOBa- peHHOM h KOJKeBOHHOM 3aB0Aax padoawe Ao6 H.ancb 8 -nacoBoro pa6 o- qero ahh. O pocTe paCoMero ab h ^ ohhh nocryna.au TeJierpaMMW H3 pa3Hbix ropoAOB o6jiaCTH: 3awcaHa, FlaBJoaapa, ycrb-KaM enoropcKa h j i p . BbicTynjieHHHMH patfoHHx pyKOBOAHJin 6 oJibineBHKH, mhothg H3 ko- Topbix iipnGbUin H3 Cn6 npH. Tax, iianpHMep, pa6 oHHM ABH>KeHHeM b ycTb-KaMeiioropcKOM ye3^e pyKOBOAHJi 6o.abmeBHK 51. B. yrnanoB, b FlaBJio^apcKOM ye3Ae — B. Tenjioa h Ap. Bo.abuieBHCTCKHe an-uaTopbi, pa3o6.aanaBiiiHe nojiim iK y BpeMCH- noro npaBHTeJibCTBa, npocoAHjiH cboio paCory na npeAnpHsminx, b Ka 3apMax, bo mhothx o 6 m,ecTBeHHbix Mecrax rop o A a .3 J m 'H A Ka3CCP, 4>- 15, on. 4, a. 35, Jk 41. 2 CcMHiiajiaTHHCKHH o6^rocapxiiB, c|d. 334, on. 1, A- 54, ji. 432. 3 TaM » e, <|). 87, OH. 2, A- 1, -i. 49. 134

BojibiueBHKH CeMHnajiaTHHCKa H. CajiOB, M. TpycoB h Ap. npo- boahah raiOKe arnrauHio cpeAH npne3>KaBiiieft b ropon H3 ayjioB h noceJiKOB Ka3axcKOH h pyccKoii deAHOTN. BoAbtueBHCTCKHe ahctobkh npoHHKajiH b rjiydb K33axcKHX creneft. JXj m 6 opb6 bi c BWCTynneHHHMH pado'iHx h KpecTban no Tpe6 o- BaHHio CeMHnaJiaTHHcKoro oCaacruoro KOMHCcapnaia b CeMnnajia- THHCK CTHI HBaiOTCH BOHCKOBbie HaCTH H3 APyi'HX ropOAOB. TaK, H3 BapHayaa upHdbwia poTa ocodoro Ha3HaneHHH 24-ro Cndupcxoro CTpejiKOBoro 3anacHoro n o A xa, nocTyiiHBUian b pacnopa/KeHne Ce« MHnajiaTHHCKoro odjiacTHoro KOMHCcapnaTa.1 flocae codbiTHfi 3— 5 hfoah 1917 roAa b IleTporpa^e \\rnpHbifi ne- Phoa peso.7K>UHH kohmhaca. Bca BAacTb nepeuuia b pyxn xoHTppeBO- aiOUHOHHOft 6yp>Kya3HH. CoBeTbl, dOAblHHHCTBO KOTOpbTX 6biao B pyxax MeHbineBHKOB h acepoB, npeBpaTHJincb b npHAaTox 6yp>xya3- H o r o BpeMeHHoro npaBHTeAhCTBa. BoabnieBHc/rcKaa napTHB, HaweHHB cboio TaKTHKy, yimia b riOA- noAbe h cTa^a roTOBHTbca k BOopy>xeiinoMy BOccTanwio aah CBep>xe- hhh BAacrw dyp»ya3HH h ycTaHOBACHHH babcth pado^HX h deAneft- uiHx KpccTbHH. B Taxofi odcTanoBxe oTKpbiAcji V I ct>c3a napTHH. Bee peiueiiHH cbcsjxa, OTpa3HBiiiHC yxa3aHHA B. H. JletiHHa, dwiH Ha- npaBJienbr rra no/iroTOBKy npoACTapnara h deAHefiwcro xpecrbAHCTBa k BOopy>KeHHOMy BOCCTamno. BooAymeBACHHbie hctophmcckhmh pe- IH6HHJIMH V I CbC3Aa napTIIH 6 o.lhUieBHKH nOBCeMeCTHO rOTOBHAHCb k pemaiomHM cxBaixaM c Bpcmchhum npanHTejibCTBOM 6ypxcya3HH H nOMCLUHKOB. B UCJ1BX nOAaBACHHJl pCBOAlOUHOIIHOrO ABH>KeHHH B CTpaHG 25 aorycra renepaji Kophhaob ABHHyji BOHcxa Ha FleTporpaA, ho n a p r i i f i 6 o J ib W c n H K O B , ofrueAHiniB chan npoAeiapnaTa, opraHH30Ba- Aa pa3rpOM KOHTppCBOAIOUHOHHOrO MHTOKa KopHHAOBa. M5ITe>K KopHHAOBa BN3BaA neroAOBaiiHe h B03MymeHHe TpyAfliUHxcH bo bcch CTpaHe, B TOM HHCAe H B CeMM1ci+73THHCKOH 06JIQCTH. B KOIIUe aB' rycTa bo ccex ropoAax odAacTH npoHcxoAHT AeMOHCTpaunn iipoiecTa. Tax, HanpnMcp, ycTb-KaMCHoropcxHH C obct padonHX h coaabtckhx AenyraTOB na 3aceAaHHH 31 aB ryda 1917 ro^a peuiirreAbHO o c y m w i MATe>K KopHHAOBa.2* FIocAe noAaBAeiiHH kophhaobckoto MHTexca peBOAiouHOHHaji 6opb(5a b odAacTH eme doAbiue odocrpHAacb. B xoHue ceHTHdpfl 1917 roAa cuJibHbic xpecrbancxHe boa Hernia npowcxoAHAH b Kapxa- paAHHCKOM ye3Ae h b oxpecTiiocTHx 3KH6acTy3CKHX yrojibHbix xoneii, TAe OHO CAHAOCb C padOHHM ABHJKeilHeM. OceHbio 1917 roAa odocrpHAacb KAaccoBaa 6opb6 a b xa3axcKnx ayAax C cmhhaAaTHHCKoii oCaacth. BeAHHKH-KasaxH 3ancancKOH h KOHneKTHHCKOH BOAOCTeft CT3AH OTKpMTO BLIpa>KaTb CBOfi npOTeCT npoTHB noAHTKKH BpewcHHoro npaBHTe.7bCTBa, 3axBaTbiBaAH 6afi- ckhA ckot. Bo mhoihx Mecrax Ka3axcKaji de^HOTa BMecTe c. pyccKHM > U r H A KaaCCP. a. 15, on. 2, a . 87, ji. 104. 2 CeMHJia.7aTHHCKHH oCjwocapXHB, 4>. 118, on. 2, a . 5, jm . 27, 28. 135

GcAHeftiiiHM KpecTbHHCTBOM BwcTynajia 3a BJiacTb Cobgtob npoTHB BpeMeHHoro npaBHTenbCT.Ba. flpKHM noKa3aTeneM peso.aiouHOHH3H- pOBailHH KpeCTbBHCKHX MaCC HBHAOCb TO, 4TO HaK3HyHG BeAHKOIf O k- TflGpbCKOH COUHaAHCTHHGCKOft pCBOAlOUHH, 4 (1 7 ) OKTflGpH, KpeCTbJIH- CKHft crbC34 CeMHna^aTHHCKOH oGAacTH, c ynacrweM mhothx Aenera- TOB OT K33aXCKHX a y J IO B , n0^aBJI5IFOIIX.HM GOAbLUHUCTBOM fOAOCOB iibinec nocTaHOBJiCHne o hgoGxoahmocth nepexoAa bascth b pyKH CoBeTOB. Tan >Ke, k u k h bo Bcefl cTpaiie, couHanHCTHnecKaa peBO- jiiouhh napacTaAa h b CeMHnanaTHHCKoft oGnacTH. *** l i o n H enocpencTBem ihiM pyKOBOACTBOM IIc H T p a n b iio ro K oM H TeTa napTHH, B03rnaBnaeMoro B. H. JleHHiihiM, 25 okthGph (7 HOflGpa) 1917 r o n a b n e i p o r p a n e n o G e A H n o B o o p y x < e H n o e b o c c t 3 h h c p c b o a i o - U HO H H blX paCOMHX, C O JW a T II MaTpOCOB. I l o c n e n oG eA w C o b c t c k o h BJiacra b UenTpajibiiofi m b c t h P o c c h h CoBeTCKan BAacTb crajia ycTaiiaBAHBaTbcsi Ha orpoM H bix n p o c ro p a x CTpaiibi. KoHTppeBOjnouHOHHaa 6yp>xya3HH ycrpcMHJiacb Ha OKpan- Hbi c T ew , ijtoGw ra M BMecre c 6 y p x c y a 3 H e fl HauHOHaAbHWx oKpaHH C 0 3n a B aT b o lia r n K O H TppeBO AiouH ii a a h G op b G w npoTHB C o b g t c k o h BJI3CTH. O hm 6 bWIH C03AaHbI H B CeMHnaAaTHHCKC H HeKOTOpbIX Apy- rax MecTax Ka3axciaHa. PaGoMHe h GeAiieftmee KpecTbHHCTBO CeMHnanaTHHCKoft otfnacTH BMecTe c TpyAHLUHMHCH Bceft CTpaHU 5opoAHCb 3a ycTaaoBAeHHe Co- BeTCKofi BAacTH. B HonGpe 1917 rona b YcTb-KaMeHoropcKe coctoha- ch mhthht paGoqwx TunorpacpHH, Ha KoropoM Gwao BWCTaBAeHO Tpe- 6oB3Hne o hcmcaachhoh nepeAa'iG ynpaBAeiiHH ye3AOM b pvkh Co- BeTOB.1 B nexaGpe 1917 rona Ha MHTHHre paGomix PwAAepcKofi y3KOKOAeHHOfi >K6AG3HOH AOpOrH C y^aCTHeM 6eAHGfilIIHX CAOeB Ka3axcKoro HacGAGHHH 6AH>KaHiiiHx ayAOB 6 biAa npHHHTa pc30AiouHH o neMCAAGHiioH nepeAaMe ynpaBAeHHH >KeAe3HOii Aoponi b pvkh Co- BerOB paGo^wx, coaabtckhx h KpecTbHHCKHx AenyTaTOB. Tanwe >Ke mhthhth npoHcxoAHAH b naBAOAape, 3aftcaHe h b Apynix ropoAax o 6AacTH.21 HanyraHHaa peR O A iouH O H H hiM H B hiC Tyn A eH H B M H T p y A flm H x c n 0 6 - A a c T H C e M H n a A a T H H C K a H r o p o A C K a n A y M a 30 okthGph (13 HOflGpn) 1917 r o A a c o 6 p a A a c b Ha B u e o n e p e A H o e 3 a c e A a iiH G , na kotopom oG- cy> KAaAHCb B o n p o c b i o p o c T e p e B O A io u H o iu io r o abh >kchhh b oGAacTH. h o M cp a x GopbGbi c h h m .3 B Cc.MHnaAaTHHCKe aah GopbGbi npoTHB C obctckoA BAacTH oG-b- eAHHHAHCb ABe KOHTppeBOAK)HHOHHWC CHAW — pyCCKaH 6yp>Kya3HH H Ka3aHeCTB0, C OAHOA CTOpOHbT, H Ka3aXCKaH IiaHHOHaAHCTHMGCKafl Gyp}«ya3HH h GaficTBO, c ApyroA. 3 th aHtncoBeTCKHe chaw noAAep- JKHBaAHCb HHOCTpaHIIUMH HMIlCpHaAHCTaMH. 1 U r H A KaaCCP. <J>. 434, on. 1, a . 51, n. 602. 2 TaM x<e, jiji. 503, 504. 3 Taw see, ji. 433. 136

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ctoht rpOMaanaH TpyAHasi paGora! 5e3 c/rpaxa, c aepofi B Jiyqmee Gyaymee noHAeM BnepeA CTpofiHbiMH opraHH30BaHHbiMH pa/iawn! JXa 3ApaBCTByeT BAacTb Cobctob paGomix, coaastckhx, KpecTb- hhckhx h KHprH3CKHX AenyTaTOB!*1 CeMHIiaAaTHHCKHe GoAbUieBHKH, M06HAH3y5I CHAbI AAH ycTaHOB- JieHHH B OfijiaCTH CoBCTCKOll BAaCTH, yCHAHAH arHTaHHOHHO-riOAHTH- necKyio pa6oTy cpeAH paGoqnx ropoAa, Gcahchujhx caocb Ka3axcKO- ro HaceAeHHa, a t3k>kc b bohhckhx qacTHX. HoKa3biBaa Ha npHMepe UeHTpaAbHofi P occhh y.nyqmeHHe noAoxienHH paGomix, KpecibHH, noJiyHHBUJHx 3eM.iio ot C obctckoh BAacTH, arHTaTOpbi-GoAbiueBHKH pa3-bHCHflAH, 4TO TOAbKO COBCTCKafl BAaCTb MO>KeT AaTb yrHCTCHHblM Hapo^aM P occhh m hp, 3cm ak>, CBodoAy h paBeHCTBo. Ohh pa3oGjia- qaah KoHTppeBOJiioiXHOHHyjo noAHriiKy MeHbiiieBHKoB, acepoa h Gyp- >Kya3HbIX HaHHOHaJIHCTOB. BoAbiiiyto pojib b arHTauHOHHO-noAHTHHecKOH paGoie b AepeBue CbirpaAH coAAaTbi, AeMo6H.iH30BaHHbie c t])poHTa, a b K33axcKHx ay- jiax — Ka3axH, B03BpaTHBLUHeca c TbiJionbix paGoT. .HcmoGhahso- BaHHbie coJiAarbi h Ka3axn bo MHorwx MecTax H36npaAHCb npeAce- AaTe..1HMK MCCTIIbIX COBCTOB, paGO'IHX KOMHTCTOB, CiaHOBHAHCb BO rAaBe pa3AH4Hbix oG'mecTBeHHbix opraHH3auHH. A btophtct GoAbiue- BHCTCKOH liapTHH B MaCCaX C K3>KAbLM AHCM pOC. ycTanoBAeHHK) C obctckoh BAacTH b oGjiacTH iieMaAO cnocoGcT- BOBaAH GoAbuieBHcTCKHe oprauH3au.HH C hGh ph, ocoGenno O mckb. O hh iieyK;ioHHo no.MoraAH GoAbiucBHKaM CcMHnaAaTiniCKa h ocero BocTOHnoro Ka3axcTana. OrpoMHyK) poAb b ycTaiiOBJieiiHH Cobctckoh B jia c n i b B octoh- hom Ka3axcTaHe cbirpaA 3anaAHO-CHGnpcKH/i ci>e3A Cobctob, koto- pblH COCTOHACH 2— 10 ACKaGpfl 1917 TOAa B OMCKe, HBAHBIIieMCH B TO BpeMH aAMHHHCTparHBHhiM ueiiTpOM Ciennoro Kpasr, Kyaa bxoahah C eMHnaAaTHHCKaa h A kmoahhck3h oGAacra. Ha cbesAe npncyTCT- bobajih npeACTaoHTeAH CcMHnaAaTHHCKoro, FlaBAOAapcKoro h ycTb- K a M e n o r o p c K o r o Cobctob paGoqnx h coAAarcKiix A ^ u y T a ro B . C-be3A np0B03rAacHA ycraHOBAeHHe Cobctckoh BAacTH b 3anaA- Hoft ChGhph, Ctciihom Kpae h yna3aA b cBoew peuiCHHH, hto ach- TCAbHOCTb 3anaAHO-CH6HpCKOH oGAaCTHOH OpraHH3aiXHH COBerOB paGoqnx h C0AA3TCKHX AcnyTaTOB pacnpocTpaiuieTcn h »a oGjiacTH AKMOAHHCKyio h CeMHnaAaTHHCKyio, na ryGepHHH ToGoAbCKyio, T om- cKyio h AATaHCKyio. 3 r o peuieHHe cbe3Aa nam.io ropHunii otkahk cpeAH TpyAHLUiixcH CeMHnaAaTHiicKa, IlaBAOAapa, ycTb-Kaweuorop- cKa h Apyrwx paiioiioB Ka3axcTana. Ct»c3a nocTanoBHA, hto «Bce A^ieraTbi aoajkhbi hcmcaachho npHCTynHTb k opraHH3auHH C obctckoh bjihcth na Mecrax, coiviacysi CBOH ACflCTBHH C yKa33HHHMH OdAaCTHOrO KOMHTCTa ( O m CKOTO.__ C. K.)» padoraiomero b nOAHOM KOHTaKTe h CTporoM noAHHHeHHH 1 CeMHnajKiTHHCKHH o6.nrocapxne, ra3eTHUH cboHfl, ra3eTa «H3BecrHfi» Co- Bern paGo*iHX h cojiAarcKnx AeuyTaTOB or 7 c^ecpa.™ 19ig r. 138

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u a mh j io r o k — K a3axaM H , A o d H B a a cb , HTodbi ohh b n y ^ n y io MHHyTy C M orjm o 6 ecn e4 H T b cBH3b c ropoAO M . H ep e3 peBOJirounoHiio HacTpo- c h h u x M y r a a h m o b (y^HT<y/efi) 6 oAbmeBHKH pacnpocTpaH H AH cpeAH K a a a x c K o r o H a c e A e n n n a h c t o b k h h b o 33B3Hh$i n a K aaaxcK O M H3WKe c n p H 3b iB a\\in 06 ycraHOBJieHHH ConeTCKOH B A a c m B.’iaAejibUbi a o a o k , 6eAHHKH-Ka3axH, Ha o<5ohx d e p e r a x H p rb im a aKTHBiio noMorajiH padoqHM roroBHTbCH k dopbde 3a BJiacTb CoBe- TOB. Pa3o6jiaqeHHe w H30ahuhh HauHOHaAHCTHqecKOH dyp>Kya3HH, ax- THBHoe yqacTH e K 33axcK nx p a d o q n x , deAHefim eii qacTH K a3axcK oro nace-ieHHH ropoAa h a y j ia b dopbde 3a BJiacTb Cobctob d b iA o oahhm H3 pemaiomux <£aKTOpOB b ycTanoBACHHH Cobctckoh bjibcth b Ce- m hnaa athhckc h bo B cew Ka3axcTane. Ka3axn — yqacTHHKH nau.no- Ha.ibHO-ocBo6oAHTe^bHoro BoccTaiiHH 1916 toab, a Taioxe BcpHyB- mnecB c TbuiOBbix padOT, aodpO BO AbH O BcrynaJiH b pHAbi Kpaciiow rBapaH H h 6opoJiHCb 3a ycraH O BACH H e CoBeTCKoft BJiacTH. 3HaMH ^OJibLUCBHCTCKOH napTHH c r a ji o 3HaMeneM dopbdbi Macc 3 a o c b o 6 o >k - AeiiHe ot nauHOHa.ibHoro h couHa.nbnoro rueia, 3a yiiHHTOJKenne 3 K cn JiyaT auH H ueAOBexa ueAOBeKOM. Bo.’ibineBHKH noBceMecTHo opraiiH30BbiBaAH ropoACKHe m h thhth, Tpedyu nepen3dpaHHH CoBAena. Oahh H3 ranux m h t h iit o b npoHcxo- A hji 14 HHBapji r 1918 roAa. Ha new 6 b u io BbiABHiiyTO TpedoBaHHe O IIOAHOfi: OHHCTKe pyKOBOACTBa CoBCTa OT 3CCpOB H MGHblHCBHKOB H O B3HTHH COBeTOM BAaCTH B CBOH pyKII. Ha MHTHHTe BblCTyilHAH dojibiueBHKH c npH3biBOM o nepeH3dpaHHH CoBRcna. O hh AOKa3bi- b 3jih, h to CeMHnajiarHHCKHft scepo-MeribuieBHCTCKHH CoBAen ire 3aiunmaeT HHTepecoB TpyAfliunxcu odAacra h hto npoBOAHMaa hm nojiHTHKa npoTHBope^HT nojiHTHKe P occh h ckoh 4>eAepaTHBiioft Co- UHaJiHCTHHecKofi PecnydjiHKH. H a MHTHHre c peqaMH BHcrynaAH h jiHAepu scepoB, nbuajicb OTBAeub Maccbi ot h p o b o a h m o # doAbtue- BHK3MH nOJIHTHKH H TeM CaMbIM odMaHyTb HapOA. yqaCTHHKH MHTHH- ra — padoune h TpyAamneca ro p o A a — noAAep>KHBaAH npeAAowe- HHe 6 o.TbuieBHKOB. 3ro a z j io B03Mo>KiiocTb ocymecTBHTb nepeBbidopbi CoBeia. B t o t >k g A eH b, BeqepOM , 14 H H B ap a, b ropoACKOM T e a r p e ( h h h c ofaaCTHOH 0 6 ”bC4 HHCHHbIH Ka3aXCKO-pycCKHH T e a T p A paM bI HM. A d a n ) cocTO H Aocb od m erop oA C K oe codpaH H e npeACTaBHTCJien p ad o - «ih x , c o jiA a T m A p y rH x TpyAHiUHxcH r o p o A a . Ha 3 t o m codpaHHH npncyTCTBO BajiH do^buieoH K u , s c e p b i, MeHbiueBHKH, npeACTaBHTeAH o t K a 3 ax cK 0 H HaUHOHaAHCTH1!e c K o fl 6 y p w y a 3 H H , OT o d A a c T iio r o KpeCTbflHCKOTO KOMHT8T3, o r K a 3 a q e c T B a H A p . U eJIb lO COdpailHH HBJiAAOCb iiep eH 3 d p an H e C o o A e n a . Ha codpaHHH p a 3B e p n y jia c b o>Ke- cToqeH H an 6 o p b 6 a 6o«ihiueBHKOB c s c e p a w i, MeHbiueBHKaMH, 6 y p - >Kya3HbiMH HauHOHajiHCTamh, BbicrynaBiiiH M H n p o r a s ycTanoBAeH H H B.iaCTH C oB eT O B .1 1 fa3eTa «npHHpTuuicKaH npaBjia» ot 26 oKT$i6pn 1927 r. Ml

O^HaKo Bee KOHrppeBo;iiouHOHHbie n o n b r n o i acepoB, MeabiueeH- k o b h 6yp>Kya3Hbix naiiHonaJiHCTOB 3aKOH^HAHCb npoBaJiOM. Bonb- rneBHKH, BbiABHHyTbre K aiiA H A aT aM H b *uieHbi C e M h najia raH C K oro CoBAcna, 6bijiw aKTHBHo n O A /iep >k ah w paCSomiMH h K36paHbi b c o - craB C o n e r a . Tax, b HJieHbi C o B A e n a 6 lijih H36paHbi 6oA bw eB H KH K . UJyraeB, M . TpycoB, B . Mopo30B, I I. C a J iO B , H . A jie K c e e a h M . UIa6aHOB; k p o m c hhx b C o B A e n n p o m e ji Bpan, « jie B H H » seep A . I lo n o B . n p e A c e A a T C Jie M C o B A e n a 6bi:i H3(5paH C o A b m e s H K K>’3 b \\ia A iiA p e c B H 1! I I I y r a e B .1 H a cbocm nepBOM 3aceAaHHH 15 snmapa 1918 toah BiiOBb H3(5pan- Hwfl CoBAen npHHBA cjieAyiom ee peuieHHe: «B biciuyio BjiacTb ao a^kch B3BTb B CBOH pyKH COB0T H Ha nCpHOA AO OtfjiaCTHOrO CT>e3Aa H36paTb BpeMCIIHblH 0 6/iaCTHOH K0MHCCapH3T POCCHHCKOH CoUH<UIHCTHrICCKOH OeAepaTHBiioft Pecny6 jiHKii»23. B ye3AHbix h npoMbiuiACHHbix ueHTpax o&aacTH— b ycTb-KaMe- HoropcKe, FlaBAOAape h PHAAepe CoAbiueBHKH t 3k>kc roTOBHAncb K B3ATHIO BA3CTH CoBCTaMH, C03AaBaJIH KpaCHyK) 1TB3pAHK). B CeMHiiaviaTHHCKe h CeMHnajiaTHiicKOH oCa s c th Kpacnan rBap- AH5i crra-ia co3AaBaTbCB TOJibKO nocJie noSeAbi BejiHKofi OKTaCpbCKofl couHaAHCTHHecKOH peBOAiou.HH b IleTporpaA e h ueHTpajibHbix pafio- Hax Haiueii P o ahhh. 3anncb jihu, nocrynaBHiHx b KpacHyio rBap- AHio, npoH3BOAHAacb Ha Ao6poBOAbHbix Hana^ax. BnepBbie 3aiiHcb b KpacH yio rBapAHio Obuia HanaTa b Aoxa6pe 1917 roAa Ha Koa<e- bchhom 3aB0Ae b rop. CeMHnajiaTHHCKe, tag 6 b u in 3aHeceHbi b c u h c k h 13 qeJioBeK.3 LIepe3 HecKOAbKO AHefi 3an»cb b Kpacuyio raapAm o ocymecTBHJiacb h Ha A pyru x npeAnpHHTH«x ropOAa: na c y A O p e M o m - hom 3aBOAe, Ha npucTaHH BepxHe-HpTbiincKoro napoxOACTBa, 3aTeM cpeAH >Kejie3HOAopo>KHbix p a io qH x h p a 6 o v n x T H n o r p a f p u f i h t . a . B o MHorHX wecTax 3ariHCb b KpacHyio rsapAHio npoH3BOAHJiacb no peKOMOHAaUHHM npO0COK)3OB H 33BOACKHX KOMHTCTOB. C Ha^aJia 5IH- BapH 1918 roAa 3anncb b KpacHyio rBapAino 6hiAa npOBeAeHa w b ye3AHbix ropoAax. Tax, HanpHMep, noA HenocpeACTBeHHbiM pyKOBOA- ctbom 51. B. yuianOBa b ycTb-KaM eHoropcxe co3AaercH KpacHaa rBapAHH h3 pa6oHHx-MeTaAAHCTOB, patfownx BepxH e-HpibiiucKoro napoxOACTBa h THnorpa^HH,4 B PHAAepe KpacHan rsapAHfl co3AaBajiacb H3 pa6oiiHX-MeraA- AHCTOB H pa60HHX PHAAepCKOH y3KOKOJlCHHOfi >KeJie3 H0 fi AOpOI'H.5 B cepeAHHe aHBapa 1918 roAa Haqajiocb co3AaHHe Kpacnon reapAHH b IlaBAOAape. BoAbmeBHKH 3a6oTHJiHCb 06 otfyqeHHH h Boopy>xeHHH xpacuo- 1 ra3eTa «npMHpTWiucKa5i npaB.aa» ot 26 OKTs6pfl 1927 r. 2 TaM JKe. 3 CeMima^aTHHCKHii ofijirocapxHB, <£. 26, on. 1, a. 2, jin. 53, 54. 4 TaM » e , ji. 57. 5 Ta3eta «Ae.io Ch6hph» ot 7(20) MeKaCpsj 1917 r. 142

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BOJIlOUHOHHbie CHJIbI Ka3aXCK0M H pyCCKOH 6ypJKya3HH. PemeHHCM CeMHna.iaTHHCKoro CoBCTa b cepeAHiie (feBpaJia 1918 roAa H3 YcTb- KaMeHoropcKa b 3ancaH 6 biA ornpaBJieH orpaA Kpacnon TBapAHH. 23 cj)eBpa.nH 1918 roAa oh ocbo6 oaha npucTaHb TonojiCB M u c h 25 (|>eBpa/iH aaiiHJi 3aficaH, npeoAOJieB cJiaGoe conpoTHBAeHHe chji B pe.MeHHoro npaBHTejibcrBa. B 3ancaiie 6 hiJia ycTaHOBJieHa Cobct- cnaa B.aacTb.1 B FlaB^oAape, TaK >Ke KaK w b YcTb-KaMenoropCKe, 6 buia opra- HH30B3Ha KpacHaa rnapAHa (pa6 oaaa 6 oeBan Apy^KHHa) H3 pa6o- *ihx Bepxne-MpTbiiiiCKoro napoxoACTBa, KO>KCBeHHbix, caJiOTOneHHbix, nHBO BapeHHbix ii M U JiO B a p e H H b ix 33BOAOB. B u n a npoBe^eHa coot- BCTCTByioiuan anuauHOHnasi pa6 o ia cpcA H cojiAaT MecTHoro rap- HH30H3, KOTOpbie K MOMeilTy yCTailOBAeHHH BJiaCTH COBeTOB nepeiUJlH Ha CTopoHy KpacHOH rBapAHH. OpraHH33TopoM h pyKOBOAHTeJieM (jo.ibmcBHCTCKOH rpynnbi riaB- JiOAapa ababach H. TenjiOB, noAyqaBWHH yKasaHHH H3 CeMuna/ia- THHCKa H OMCKa. BbiCTynjieHHe pa6 oHHX h oTpanoB Kpacnon rBapAHH b FlaBAOAa- pe nanajiocb b iionb Ha 19 HHBapa 1918 roAa. Cjia6 oe conpOTHBJieHHe MeCTHHX KOHTppeBOJHOUHOHHblX OTpBAOB He MOIYIO CAep>KaTb H3THC- Ka KpacnoH rcapAHH; rapHH30ii ropoAa 6 u a na CTOpoHe peBOAiouHH. Kpacnaa rBapAHH 6e3 Coa 3 anHAa npHCTaHb, noHTy h TeAerpa<{>, 6aHK h 3AanHH Mecuibix yqpc>KACHHH. IlpeACTaBHTejiH BpcMeHHoro npaBH- TejibCTBa 6 bi;iH apecTooaHbi. YTpOM 19 HHBapa 1918 roAa BAacTb nepeuuia b pyKH IlaBAOAapcKoro ye3AHoro CoBeTa patfoqnx h coa- AarcKHx AenyTaTOB bo rviaBe c H. Ten.aoBbiM. KorAa 6 buia ycTaHOBAeHa CooeTCKaa BAacTb b U a B J i o x a p e , o ju m H3 KOMHecapoB BpeweifHoro npaBHTeAbCTBa SToro ropoAa ycneA co- o 6 mHTb CeMHna.TaTHHCKOMy oSAacTHOMy KOMHCcapnaiy: «CoBAen OKOH^aTejibHo 3axBaTH»i b ropoAe BAacTb, npoTHBOAetfcTBOBaTb qcMy h lie hmckd bo3mo>khocth, TaK KaK rapiiH30H Ha CTopouc CoBAena. Ka3aKH Aep>K3T He/irpaAHTeT. OfrbHBAeHHe ropoAa na bochhom no- -no>KeHHH SecucjibHO, h6 o coBepiueHHo rie BbinoAHHMO21. B TeneHne (}>eBpaAfl 1918 roAa CoBeTCKaa BJiaCTb 6 buia ycTa- HOBjieHa b 3 KH6 acTy3e, EpMane, MailxaHHe h Apyrnx KpyriHbix nace- ACHHbix nyHKTax ye3Aa. Hanp5i>KeHHa5i 6 opb6 a 3a ycTaHOBJieHHe CoBeTcnoft BJiacTH npo- ncxoAHJia b CeMHna.aaTHHCKe. 3Aecb cKOHuenTpHponaAncb rjiaBHbie KOHTppeBOJHOUHOHHbie CHAbI OtfAaCTH. BblAH o6p33003HU 6 eA0K33a- ^bHt 6yp>Kya3H0-KyAauKHe h 6 aiicKne orpHAbi. B TiopbMe, na noHTe, TeAerpacfre, BOK3aAe, b 6 anKe ctohah BoeiiHbie KapayAbi. Byp>Kya3Hfi CTaAa noAroTaBAHBaTb nocbiAKy Kapaiejibiibix otphaob b \"ropoAa h ce.ia o 6AacTH, rAe 6 hrjia ycTanonAeiia CoBercKan BAacib. riepeA 6 oAbiiieBHKaMH CeMiina.TaTHHCKa BCTaAa OTBeTCTBeHnan 1 CeMHna.’iarHHCKHH oe^napTapxim. H 3 BOcnoMHHaHHfi yqacTHHKOB 0 K T a 6 p b - ckoh peBO^iounn, nanxa K 2 2. 2 CcMnnawiaTHHCKHft o6^rocapxj>B, 115, on. 1, a . 20, ji. 3. 144

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