Установление Советской власти в областях Казахстана (1917-1918)

CTBa, HMeBuiHC ao 15 i *o ao b cKoxa, coctabah jih 50,4 npoueHTa bcgx xo 3 hhctb ye3A3. 3 th m xo3HiiCTB3M npniiaA^eacaAO Bccro 0,04 npo- ueHTa BepfouoAOB, 20,6 npoueirra K0 3 , 27,2 npoueHTa oiieu, 20,1 npo- ueura JiomaAefi h 32 npoueHTa Kpynnoro poraTOro CKoxa. Be^HJlKH-CKOTOBOABI, JIHUICHHbie cpeACTB K CyJUeCTBOBaHHIO, K TO- M y >k c oOpeMeiienubie pa3JiHHHoro poAa rioOopa.MH h HaAoraMH, b l i - ny>K;Tenw 6bLiH OaTpaHHTb y KyjraKOB h 6aCB h a h h a t h lia npeAnpun- th h ropHOAodbraarorueft npoMbmiJiCHHOcTH, na pa3JiHHHue npoMhZCAhi. O e o u a jib H a a SK cm iyaTanH H rp y A fliu n x c H a y a a T e c iio nepenAeTaAacb C KaUHTaJIHCTH^eCKOH. IllH pO KH C p33MepbI HMeJIH pOCTOBIUHMeCTBO H pa3JiHHHhie BHAbi KatfaAbi. SKcnjiyaTauHH Ka3axcfcoti d eA H oT M wacKu- poBa^acb MHoro'iHCACHHUMH poAOBbiMii h naTpuapxaAbHbiMii nepe- 3KHTK3MH. ripoBOAHMaa uapCKHM npaBHTejibCTBOM KOAonH3aTopcKan noAH- THKa, uanKOHaAbiibift rneT, naAorn, no6opbi h npa.\\ioii rpa6e>K napoA- iiu x Macc, Ha'bHTHe Aymnnx 3eweAb b K0A0HH3auH0iiHbiH 4>oha — Bee 3to o6pcKa«’io TpyAHiuHXCH Ka3axoB na tojjoa h TsiweAbie AHiueunn. V Ka3axci<oro HapOAa nc 6buio cBoen HauHOHa.ibHOH rocyAapcTBCH- IIOCTH, UapH3M ACp>KaA CrO B IIHIUCTe H lieBe>KeCTBe. PyCH(j)HKaTOp- CKan noAHTHKa uapH3Ma ycHAHBa.ia noAHTnuecKvio h skohomhhcckvio orcTaviocTb Ka3axcKoro HapOAa. I I omth rioroAOBHan ncrpaMoxiiocTb, rocnoACTBO i^coAaAbHo-naxpHapxaAbHbix OTHOiueHuft h HamioHanbiio- KOAOHHaAbHbUi rnex CHAbHO TOpMOBHAH paBBHTHe KAacCOBOI'O C.aMO- C03H3HHH Ka33XCKHX TpyAHLUHXCH MaCC. JO iaccoB oc paccAoenne ObicTpo pa3BHBaAocb b pyccKOH h yKpaHH- ckoh AepeBiie. H a 1 m iBapn 1916 roAa KpecTbym b oOAacTH nncAHAocb 744 918 hcaobck. O hh hg ncnbiTbiBaAH 3AeCb noMeiMHMbero r u e ia h b ueAOM huiah 6 o jie e 3 a x< htowho, qe.vi b ueHTpaAbHbix p a ifo iia x P o c - CHH. OAHaivO KpeCTbHIICTBO IIG BpGACT3BAHA O C0 6 0 H OAHOpOAHOH B KAaCCOBOM OTHOHieHHH MaCCbl. BoAbUIHHCTBO KpeCTbJIHCKOrO HaCCAG- HHB HBAHAOCb C C p CJ1HHKQMH U 6GAHHK3MH. O A Il^ K O H M e J i a C b H CHAb- na«, a o 10— 15 npoueiiTOB, ripocAoftKa KynaKOB. M iio r n e KpecTbBHe- nepeceAeHUbi, pa30pHBuiHCb 3a AAHiiHyio A O pory, nonaAaAH b kb (5aA y k Ka3aqbGfi BepxytuKe h KyAanaM, a neKOTopbie npeepaiuaAHCb b 6<i t - paKOB. OOmHocTb KAaecoBbix HHTepocoB o6T5eAHHHAa pyccKHx Og ah h - KOB-nepecc.acHucB c Ka3axcKOH Ocahotoh, noAbiMaAa hx na co b- M ecTiiyio <5opb6y npoTHB KyAauKO'OaifCKOH BepxyuiKH h ca.MOAep- >KaBHH. Boopy>KeHHOH o n o p o fi uapH3 \\ia b A km oahhckoh oOAacTH HBAHAHCb BOHHCKHe Ch a m , HaxoAHBiHHecB b pacnopn>KeHHH rcH epaA -rytfepnaTo- p a, h BoeHiio-Ka3aMbH noceACHHH C ndu pcK oro Ka3aubero BoiicKa. H m 6 biah nepeAaHbi .nymune 3Gm a h , OToOpaHiibie uapcKHM npaBHxeAb- ctbom y KopeHHoro K a3axcK oro HaceJieHHB. B 1915 roA y b npeu cA ax A kmoahhckoh oCa b c t h Ka3 anbero Hace- AeiiHH iiacHHThiBaAocb 131 232 qeAOBeKa1. H\\r npuHaAAenoAO 2 550 523 AecjiTHiibi Aynuiux 3eMGAb, pacnoAo>KeHHbix b paSoHe 1 Od30p Akmojihhckoh o6;iacTH 3a 1915 toa Omck, 1918, ctp. 83. 50

OMCKoft jKejie3Hoft Aoporn, n 10-Bepcrnoft ncvioce HpThinia, a TaK>Ke Bonpyr ropoAOB AT6acapa, AxMOAimcKa h KoKHeTaBa. CntfHpcKoe Ka3anbe HaceAeHne Tax>Ke He 6biJio oAiiopoAHbiM. O ho COCTOHJIO H3 KyjiaUKO-OCj)imepCKOtf BepXyUIKH, JWiaAeBUiefl tfOAbUIHMH iiaAe^aMH, KOTopue, KaK rrpaBHAO, o6pa6aTbiBajiHCb na KafiajikHUX yejiOBHfix KpecTbHHaMH-nepecejieHuaMH hah >ke 6e/iHHKaMH-Ka3axa- MH H Ka3aHbGH OeAHOTOK, HMeBIUeft H'HlITO>KHbie H3ACAbI, COBCpiIieHHO HeAOCTaTOHHbie AAfI npOKOpMAeHHH CeMbH. Ma.10MOIUHblfi Ka3aK HaxoAHJicn b KadajibHoft 3Bbhchmocth ot Ky.iau.KOH Ka3aubeH Bep- xyuiKH h noABepra/ica >KCCTOKoft SKcn.iyaTauHH. 3apo>KAeHHe h pocT paConero miacca, npoHHKHOBCHHe b aya to- Bapno-Aene>KHbix othouichhh h KaK cjieACTBHe 3Toro — pa3AOJKeiiHe HaTypa.ribHoro xo3HHCTBa h ycHACHiie KJiaccoBoii AH(})(J>epeimHauHH, npHo6 menHe Ka3axcKoro HapoAa k oeAHKoft pyccKoft KyjibType, aK- THBHoe yqacTHe TpyAHiUHxcn wacc ofoiacTH b oCiuen pcboaiouhohiioh 6 opb6 e c caMOAepjKaBHo-noMemHHbHM cTpoeM — Bee sto co3Aana.io 6AaronpHHTiihie ycJioBna ;ijih pacnpocTpaneHna ncpeAOBbix hacm pe- BOJHOllHOHHOft COUHaA-ACMOKpaTHH. C 1898 ro;ia b O mckc noHBAHioTca nepBue pa6oHHe Kpy>KKH, co- CTOHBiune rjiaBHbiM o6pa30M H3 paf)OHHx->KeAe3HOAopo>KHHKoB, rpyn- nHpoBaBiiiHXCH -BOKpyr noAno-ibiiuiKOB, a c 1902 ro/ia oc{)opMHJiacb O.MCKan counaji-AeMOKpaTHHeCKaji opraHH3a.mifl, k 1906 roAy craB- uiah oahoh H3 KpynHefiuiHx h aKTHBHefiuiHx b Cn6npn. IIoa ee HCnOCpeACTUeiniblM BAHHHHCM H pyKOBOACTBOM O^JOpMHAaCh rieTpo- naBJioBCKaa couHaA-AeMOKpaTHHecKaji oprainr3aiiHH, a raKH<e co- UHaA-AeMOKpaTHHecKHe rpynrihi b KoKueTane, AxMOAHHCKe h Apyrux ropOAax. BoAbiuoe 3na«icHHe aah npo6y>KAeHHH .viacc h BrnrHBanHH hx b jtoahthnecKyio 6opb6y hMejia peBOAfOn.Hn 1905— 1907 rr. B roAu peaKUHH BBHAy apecTOB Miiornx napTHHHHx ph6 othhkob napTHHHaa pa6ora Ha BpcMH o o ia & ia . Oahbko b 1916 roAy b O mckc, KaK h b ApyrHX CH6 npCKHX TOpOAaX, BHOBb CKJI3AblBalOTCfl Opr3HH3dUHH P C J I P n . Co3AaiOTCH couHaji-ACMOKpaTHHCCKHe rpynnbi h opraHH3a- iihh b neTponaBJiOBCKe, KoKHeTaBC h Apyrux ropo^ax o6jiacTH. *** CBep/Kenne uapcKoro pexcHMa bctpcthao ropnqyio noAAcpxvKy Bcero HapoAa. H a MHoromicAeHHbix MHTHurax b OMCKe, nerponau- JiOBCKe, AKMOAHHCKe, KoKHemBe h AT6acape patiomrc, coAAaTbi, KpecTbHHe h ACMOKpaTHHecKan HHTCAAHrcHUHH npHBercTBOcaAH Oen- pajibCKyio peBOAiomuo h naAeaAHCb, hto ona H36aBHT hx or BoftHbi h rojioAa, AacT seMJiio KpecTwniaM h npnneceT BceM HapoAam Pocchh, b tom MHCJie h Ka3axcKOMy HapoAy, >KejiaHHyio cBo6oAy. nocJie OeBpaAbCKoii peBOAiouHH BJiacTb b Pocchh nepeuiAa k 6yp>Kya3HH, o6pa30BaBiueft BpeMeHiioe npaBHTejibCTBO. Flo npHMcpy pyccKOH 6ypx<ya3HH MecTHaa 6yp>xya3HH, o^HuepcKO-KasaHbfi h Ky.iauKO-OaHCKaa BepxyuiKa, npHKpbiBancb peBOJnouHOHHOH fjipa3co- Aorneft, o6pa30BaAH b oO.iacTH opranhi ba3cth 0yp>Kya3Horo BpeMeii- Horo npaBHTeAbCTBa. HapiiAy c sthm meji npouecc co3A3HHb pcbojiio- 4* 51

UHOHHO-ACMOKpaTHMeCKHX OpraHOB BJiaCTH TpyAHLUHXC51 Macc — co- 3AaBaAHCb CoseTbi pa6 oqnx, cojiabtckhx, a HecKOAbKo no3>Ke h Co- B6TbI KpeCTbflHCKHX H Ka3aXCKHX AenyTaTOB. O6pa30BaA0Cb ABOeBJia- CTHe. HSBCCTHC O CBep>K<5HHH C3 MOACpjKaBHH 6U JIO nOJiy^eilO B OMCKe h rieTponaBjioBCKe 3 MapTa 1917 roAa b KOHue ahh. B stot >Ke jie Hb b OMCKe B03HHK CoBeT paCoHHX AenyTaTOB h Cobct bociihux Aeny- TaTOB. OAHOBpeMCHIIO 3AeCb 6blJ1H C03AaHbr KOajlHUHOUHbie KOMHTe- t l i H3 11peACTaBHTeAe.fi 6yp>Kya3Hbix napTHft. B ABenaAUaToM qacy hohh O m c k h h CooeT paGoqnx AenyTaTOB Bbinec pemenHC «apecTOBaTb npeAcraBHTeACH crapoh npecrynnofi BJiacTH h 3aMeiiHTb ee npcactabhtcahmh nepBOii AGMoKparHMecKoii BAaCTH»*. npOBeACHHC B >KH3Hb 3TOrO peiUCHHH 6bIAO nopy'ieHO H36paniiOMy 3Aecb >xe hciioahhtcabnoMy ko m HTeTy CoBera. M c iio a- KOM, B 60AbIIIHHCTBe COCTOHBLUHH H3 SCepOB H MCHblilCBHKOB, HOAACp- >K3A C03AailIlbIH MeCTHOH 6yp>Kya3HCH KOajIHUHOHIlblH KOMHT6T.12 B KoKMeTaBe H3BecTHe o cBep>KeHHH uapn 6 u a o noJiyneHo 5 Map­ Ta. CouHaA-AGMOKpaTHqecKan rpynna BbinycrHAa Bo33BaHHe k nace- aghhio b KOAimecTne 10 TbicBH 3K3eMruiapoB. G MapTa b 3 qaca AHH b Ka3apMe Mecmoft bohhckoh kom a h a m 6biBLUHii AenyTaT II TocyAap- CTBeilHOH AVMbl, COUHaA-ACMOKpaT HIITepHaUHOIiaAHCT BHHOrpaAOB, npHexaBUIHfi M3 BopOBOro, OTKpblA MHTHHr COAA3T H HaceAClIHH I<OK- qexaBa. C penaMH BbicTynHAH coiXHaA-AGMOKpaTbi BHHorpaAOB, A e - MeiiKHH, ZloGpoTBopcKHii, CyuiKOB. Ohh paeci<a3aAH o nporpaMMe comiaA-AeMOKpaTHwecKofi napTHH h noTpeOoBaAH pa3opy>KHTb no- a h u h io , apecTOBaTb ye3Aiioro iianaAbHHKa h iiaqajibHHKa hohtobo- TeJierpa(|)iioH KOiiTopbi, CKpbiBiiiero ot HaceAeHHH TeAerpaMMy o CBep- H<eunH caMOAepAcaBHJi. 3 th t p e d o D d H u n H h iju a jiu npoTecT co cropoiibi MCCTiiofi 6yp>Kya3HH h AyxoBencrBa. Ho GoAbiunifCTBO c o a a 3t h o a ~ Aep>K3AO npeAAo>KCHHe GoAbmeBHCTCKH iiacTpoeHHbix opaTopoB. IIocAe MHTHHra co.iAarbi a p c c r O B a jin ye3 a h o fo HanaAbHHKa h pa3~ opy*HAH noAHUHK). OAHaKo BAacTb b ye3Ae iiepeiiiAa b pyKH Koa- AHUHOHHOrO KOMHTCTa, B KOTOpblfi BOIIIAH npCACTaBHTeAH 6yp>Kya3HH, KaA^TOB h acepoB. B ocTaAbHbix ye3Aax otfAacTH TaK>fce tih ijin o 6 p a - 30BaiIbI HCnOAHHTeAbHbie KOMHTCTbl H3 npeACTaBHTeACft SKCnAyaTa- TOPCKHX KA3CCOB. B yCAOBHBX KpafillGH X03HHCTBeHH0H OTCTBAOCTH, HerpaMOTHOCTH noAaBAHiomero GoAbiiiHHCTBa HaceAeHHH, rocnoACTBa naTpnapxaAb- HO-(J)eOAaAbHblX OTHOllieHHH B Ka33XCKOM a yA e 6eCC03naTeAbHO AO- BepnHBoe oTHomeHHe k BpeweHHOMy 6yp>Kya3HOMy npaBHTeAbCTBy h k « cbohm» (J)eoAaAbHo-6aHCKHM Bepxaw 6blAO b A kmoahhckoh oCAa- cth 3iiaMHTeAbHo cHAbHee, neM b ueiiTpaAbHbix pavionax crpaH u. 0 6 9T0M CBHAeTeAbCTByiOT peilieilHH C06paHHfl H npHTOBOpbl CXOAOB Ha- ceAeHHB. 14 MapTa 1917 roAa o6pa30BaAca CoBeT padoqwx h coaa3tckhx 1 Fa3cTa «O mckhh bcctiihk>, 7 MapTa 1917 r. 2 TaM >kc. 52

iienyTaTOB b rop. rieTponaanoBCKc1, xyzia boiujih npc/rcTabhtcjih ot wacTeft h no,apa3AejieHHfl 33-ro C h6hpckoto 3anacnoro nojiKa, pa6o- whx h cJiy>KamHx /reiio ct. fleTponaBJiOBCK h cJiywdhi abhwchhji, padoMHx KOiicepBHoro 3aBOAa h Apyrnx npe^npHHTHii h ywpexcAeHHfi ropoiia. B anpcjie 1917 ro/ja ocj)opMHJiC5i CoBeT padownx h cojiastchhx /re* nyraTOB b A hmojimhckc. 24 Man no HHHunaTHBe dojibweBHCTCKii iracTpoennoro comra/i- ACMOKpaTa .HeMeuKoro coCpaime padowHx, cnyxcaiunx h KycTapew- peMecjiemiHKOB rop. KoKwcraBa «36pajio Cobct padowHX h co.i/raT- ckhx itenyTaTOB H3 22 wejiOBeK. B stot >Ke /renb 6hiJio C03BaH0 o6te- AHiremioe 3ace/iaHHe Bcex CoB/ienoa, na kotopom ohh 06'he/i.HHHJiHCb b oahh Cobct padownx, coji/iaTCKHx h Ka3awbHx AcriyTaTOB.2 B ATdacape Cobct padownx h co/i/raTCKHX /renyTaTOB o6pa30Bajica TOJlbKO B HIOHC 1917 TO,Ha.3 Mcnojib3Vfl ^eMoKpaTHnecKHe cBodojibi, padowne O mck3, IleTpo- naBJioecKa. Cnaccnoro MCAen/iaBHJihiroro 3aBO/ia h Apyrnx npoMuiu- JICHHblX npeZUipHHTHfi OdTjCAHHaJIHCb B npOCfieCCHOHa/IbHUC COK)3bI. Ha upe/uipHHTHHx H36npajiHCb padowne kombtctei, a b bohhckhx wac- T5IX — COvH/iaTCKHC KOMHTeTM. A/IMHHHCTpaHHH 33B0AOB H py/UlHKOB aHmnftcKoro aKUHonepHoro odmecTBa «CnaccKne mcahuc py/ibp» aoji- ro cKpbiBa.na (j>aKr cbcpjkchhh uapn. T o/ilko 12 MapTa padonne y3Ha.nH o node/xe OeBpajibCKoft pcbojiioh.hu b neTporpaae. Bojibine- BHKaMII OaJIbKGBHWCM, HcyMCHblM, Bo«1KOBbIM II apyrHMH 6 bj.no op- raHH30B3H0 co6 paHne padownx, AJiHBtueeca /ma ahh. I\"Iocjic dypHhix npenna dbui H36pan padowHft komhtct H3 7 wejiOBCK, hs hhx 4 ot padownx h 3 ot aAMHHHCTpauHH. CodpaHne nocTanoBHJio bbccth 8-wa- coboh padownS /ichb, noBbiciiTb 3apadoTHyio njiaTy, yjiywujHTb riojio- >KGHHe KaaaxcKHx padownx. AHpeKUHH 3ano^a h py/iHHKa 0TKa3a;iacb yaoBJicrnopHTb Tpedo- BaHHH C06paHH5I, WTO BbJ3BaJI0 HOBblH B3pbIB IierOAOBaHHfl paoOMHX. Codpanne padoHHX 15 MapTa pacnycTH.no CTapbii'r komhtct, H3dpajio HOBblH H3 9 qejiOBex h npHHHJio nocTaHOBJieHHe 06 ypaBHeHHH 3ap- njiaTu Ka3axcKHx h pyccKHX padownx, 06 yBOJibHCHHH nando/iee neHa- BHCTHbix cjiyjKamnx, o aanpemeHHH actckoto Tpyaa b uiaxTax h Ap.4 Hepe3 TpH iie^ejiH (Shji o6pa30Ban C obct padownx ^enyTaTOB. ripn hcm <5h ah opraHH30BaHbi: diopo Tpyjia, npoAOBOJibCTBeHHan, cjjHHan- C0B3H H KBapTHpHaa KOMHCCHH, a T3K>Ke KOMHTCT HO OKa3aHHJO n0* MOIUH CeMbJIM BOeHHOCJiyXCaUlHX. B 3tot >kc nepHOA oci)opMvTaioTcn napTHHHbie opraHH3aiiHH, ko* ropbie 3/1,0Cb dblJIH HeMHOrOWHC/ieHHbTMH, paCnbUICHHblMH H CJiadbIMH. Bo.ibineBHKH, Bhime/uuHe H3 noAHOJibn h B03BpaTHBiiiHecn H3 ccwjikh, s a n s u in HcnpaBibibHyio .thhhjo, hah Ha odteAHHCHHe c MeHbuucBHKa- mh. Bee napTiiftiibie opraiiH3auHH od^acTH, o(l)opMHBUiHecsi b nepBbre 1 TaseTa «npaB,ia», Jsfc 11, 17 MapTa 1917 r. 1 ApxHB Ka3<t?HJiHa^a HMJI, (J). 811, BocnoMHHanHe McTejiona C. T. 3 TocapxHB OwcHoft oftiacTH, (?). 369, on. 1, 227, ,i. 92. 4 ApxHB Ka3(})H^na^a HMJI, 811, BocnoMHHaHne OajibKCBHMa. 53

MCCHUbI nOCJie <I>CBpaAbCKOH pCBOAIOUHH, 6 bIAH 06'beAHIieiIHbIMH COUHcUI-AeMOKpaTHqCCKHMH OpraHH3aUHHMH, B KOTOpbIC BXOAHAH 6 o.ifjIijcbhkh h MeHbiueBHKH. IlcpBOH ojbopMHAa cBoe JicravibHoe cymecTBOBanne OMCKan opraim3auHH P Q H p n — b MapTe 1917 rojia. OpraHiisauHH 6bicrpo pocjia. y>KO k KOHiiy MapTa b Hen coctohjio 350 hachob, a k 10 a n p cjia — okoao thchmh.1 B cepcAHHe MapTa 1917 roAa ocjjopMJiHOTca o6T>CAHHCHHaH counaA-ACMOKpaTHuecKaH opraiiH- 3auhh n rop. 1IcTponaBAOBCKe, KOTopaa cpa3y >kc ycraHOBHJia CBH3b c U K PQ Z X P n ( 6 ) . 2 IIpn KOMHTeTe opraHH3aiXHH HMejiHCb 6n6.TnoieKa, HHTaAbHblH 3aA.3 B KoKHeTaBe nocjic Bbixo/ia H3 noAnoAbH o^opMHJiacb couna.i- AeMOKpaTHii2ecKaa rpynna, B03HHKinaH cme b 1916 m a y npH MecTHofi bohiickoh KOMaiiAe. B ee cocTaB bxoahjih ynoMHHaBiiiHHCH Bhiiiie /Xe- MeUKHH, IIHCapb CTapOAyOUCB, DiaAKHX, yAbHHHIIKHft, /i()6 pOTBOp- CKHH H ApyrHe.4 B A kmoahiickc coAHaA-ACMOKpaTHuecKan opraiiH3au,HH cx})opMH- Aacb b Mae 1917 roAa. ISoAbiu-HHCTBO ce, KaK h b Apyrwx counaA-Ae- MOKpaTHHeCKHX opraiIH3aUHHX o 6;iaCTH, COCTHBAHAH MeHbiueBHKH. Oc|>OpMAeHHe H OTHOCHTCAbHO AAHTeAbHOe cymecTBOBaiiHc B o 6 j i a - cth 06'beAHHeiiHbix couHaA-AeMOKpaTHMecKHx opraHH3auHft cbhac- TCAbCTBOHaAO C>6 HAeftHOH H OpraiIH3aUHOHHOH CAaOOCTH 60AbUICBH- CTCKHX K.aApOB, HeAOCTATOMHO HCHOM nOHHMailHH 3BAaiI napTHH 3 HO- boh HCTopHHecKoft o6ctbHOBKe. IJInpoKoe pacnpocTpaHCHMe « o6t>cah- He;mecTBa» cpcAH tfoAbuicBMKOB CeBepHoro Ka3axciaHa otfbHCHHeTCH OpraHH3aiXHOHHbIMH CBH3HMH OOAbllieBHKOB 0 MCHbllICBHKaMH B AO- (JjeBpaAbCKHH nepHOA, bahhhhcm «peBOAionHOiiiioro o6oponHecTna» Ha cJiaGo 3aKaAemibie OoAbuieBHCTCKne chali, a raK>Ke neonpaBAaH- noft 6oH3Hbio ocAaOHTb h 6e3 Toro ne3iiaHHreAbHbie cHAbi. «06*heAH- HeHHecTBO» MemaAo OoAbineBHKaM BbicrynaTb caMOCTOHTCAbHO, bw- cno0o>KAaTb Maccbi H3-noA bahhhhh acepos, MeHbiucbHkob h 6 ypxcy- a3HbIX Ha1IHOH3AHCTOB, yKpenAHTb C0I03 paOoMHX c KpeCTbHIICKOft CeAHOToii. noOeAa OeBpaAbCKOH 6yp»va3HO-ACMOKpaTHMecKOH peBOAiouHH norpeOoBaAa ot CoAbiuenucTCKoft napTHH BbipaCoTKH iiobux tsk th - mcckhx ycranoBOK, npHMeuHTcyibiio k hobhm vcaobhhm, caojkhbiiihm* cn nocAe CBep>KCHHH uapH3Ma. napTHH pacmHpHJia CBoe BJiHHiwe b CoBeTax, npocj)coio3ax ir Apy- nix MaccoBUx opraHHaauHflx pa6onero iciacca, yKpciuiHJia cbh3h \" c COAAarCKHMH H KpeCTbHHCKHMH MaCCaMH. DoAbiueBHcrcKaH napTHH, eme ao npnc3Aa B. H . JleHiwa 33hhb- man TBepAyio no3HUHio npoTHB bohhm h 6yp>Kya3noro BpeMeimoro npaBHTeAbCTBa, npoTHB corAamaTeAbCKHx MeAKo6yp>Kya3iibix nap- THft, eme HeHMeAa ncnoft h onpeAeAeimoH nepcneKTHBbi na counaAH- 1 ApxHD Ka3(t>HJiHajia HMJ1, 17, on. 1, a . 334, a . 1. 2 Ta.M we. 3 TaM we, cj). 811, a . 14, a . 23. 4 TaM We, BOCnOMHHaKHC yjIbHHHUKOrO. 54

CTiHecKyio peBo.niouHio. B o6meM npaBH-ibHaa arnTauHH h boh pe- BOJiionHOHHaH npaKTHKa napTHH eme ne Aoui.ia ,ao CNiejibix bliuoaob O Heo6xO^HMOCTH HenOCpCACTBGHHOft 6opb6bI 3a COUHaJIHCTHHCCKyiO peBaiiouHio. LIyBCTBOBa*-iocb OTcyrcTBHe bohczm naprHii — B. H. JTe- HHH3. npH e3,n B . M. /le m m a b FleTporpa^i — ucmp peBOJiiouHOHHOH P o cch h — HMeji HCKJiiOHHTCjibHOC 3HaqcHHC juivr napTHH, juia cy,ae6 peBOJiionHH. B . M. J Ibhhh b c b o h x AnpejibCKHX Te3Hcax /ia ji napTHH reHHajibHbiH iijibh 6opb6bi 3a n e p ep a craiiH e fiypw yaaiiO vieM oKpaTH - HCCKOH peBOJUOUHH B pC-BOJIIOIIHIO COUHaJIHCTHHCCKyiO, 0opb6br 3a co- una.iH3M. O h y n a sa ji nyTb k 3aBoeBaHmo /umTaTypbi npoJieTapnaTa. ' 3 tot nyrb JiejK a.i Hepe3 CoBeTbi. B h h x oh naine.1 n an 6 o jree uejie- c o o fip a jiry io noJiHTim ecKyio (|)op.\\iy nepexo,aa k comiajiH3MV. /Iem m Bbr^BHHyji jioaynr « B cn B Jiacrb CoBeTa.M!», K o ro p u H 6bui Cjih s o k h noiryiTcii Ka>KAOMV paConeM y, cojiA S T y, KpecTbHHimy. 3 t o t .no3yHr 03Haiia.T Heo6xOAHMOCTb JlHKBHAaHHH Anoe-BJiaCTlIB MHpHbIM nyTeM, nyTe.M nepe^ aqn Bceti b jib c t h C o sc T a M . B . H . JTciih h v h h ji, hto nyTeM TepiieviHBoro, cHCTeMaTunecKoro h HacTOHHHBoro pa3T>HCHGHHH o h ih - 6 o k C o b c t o b m o /k h o H3MenHTb nojiH TH Ky CoBeTOB, a uepe3 h h x co - CT3B H IlOJIHTHKy npaBHTe.ribCTBa. V II (AnpejibCKaa) BcepoccHHCKan napTHHiiaa KOHc|)cpennHJi, co- CTOHBinahcb c 24 no 29 anpejin 1917 ro;ia. GAHHOiiyiiiHO o.iofipujia .leHHHCKne Te3Hchi h iio-io>KHjra hx b ochobv ncex cbohx peineHHH. KoHc()epCHHHH BLrpafioravia j ih h h io n a p T H H n o bccm ocwomibiM Bonpo- caM BoHHbi h pcBomomm h HauejiHJia napTHto Ha 6opb6y 3a MHpiibift nepcxoA ot 6yp>Kya3fio-;;eMOKpanmecKOH peBo„noiiHH k peBOJiioium COUHajIHCTHqeCKOH. npH3HaB Heo6xo^H\\ibiM cdnHXceHHe h otf'be/umeHHe c rpynnaMH H TCHeHHHMH, HS fl&ie CT05IIUHMH H3 nOHBe HHTepHaH,HOHa.TH3Ma, KOH(()epenmiH npii3na.ia 6e3ycrOBHo hcbosmoxchiiIM o6'be/aHHCHJie c napTHHmh h rpynnaMH Mejino6yp>Kya3Horo odoponqecKoro 6jioxa. PyKOBOZtCTBVHCb Anp&IbCKHMH TG3IIC3MH B . H. JleHHHa H pCIIIC- HHHMH V II (AnpeJIbCKOft) BcepOCCHHCKOH naDTHfiliOft KOIIcJ)epe!IUHHt napTH/fHtre opraHHsauHH pa3Bepny.fiu 6 opi>6y 3a Maccbt. BcwibuieBH- kh OwcKa, HeTponaBJioBCKa h ^pyrux ropo^OB A kmojihhckoh o6jia- CTH, HaXO/UiBUJUeCH B o6l>e;UfHCHHblX C MGHbllIGBHKaMH opraHH3aminx, pyKOBOACTByncb pemeHHHMH AnpcjibCKoft KOH<}>epeHUHH, ycifjiHiiaiOT 6 opb6 y 3a nepexo/i BJiacTH n pyKH C obctob. O mckhc GojibiueBHKH ona- 3biBaK)T H/ieftnoe BJiHHiiHC Ha 6 o^bineBiiKOB CeBepnoro Ka3axeraHa, noMoran hm opraHH3auHoiiHo cnjioTHTbcn h B03rjiaBHTb 6 opb6 y Tpy- 4 HUI.HXCH \\iacc 3 a BJiacrb C obctob. MajioqHCJieHHocTb npoMHinjiGiiHoro npaTCTapnaTa b ropoflax h ye3Aax CeBepnoro h UeuTpa.ibHoro Ka3axcraHat oTAajieHHocTb ot >Kc.TC3Hbix Aopor, oTcyTCTBHo no^roTOB.ieHHbix mapKCHCTCKHX Ka.ipOB H MapKCHCTCKOH ^JHTCpaTypbl Ha K33aXCKOM H3blKe C03AaBaJIH ;iohoji- HHTejibHbie Tpy^HocTH ^jih Go^biueBHKOB CcBcpuoro KaaaxcTana. Mm 55

npHiiiAOCb npoBecrH 6 o.ibiuyio h HCKAiouHTCAbiio Tpy/iHyio pa6 ory, UTOtfbl C3MHM QCB060AHTbCH OT 06'beAHIIHTeAbCKHX TeH/ieHUHfl H Bbl~ pBaTb pa6oqHx, pyccKyio w Ka3axcKyio 6e;ihotv w3-hoa bahhhhh ace- pOB, MeHbUieBHKOB H 6\\'P>Kya3HbIX HaUHOHaJIHCTOB. O oA BOS^eHCTBHCM 60ALlLieBHK0B O mCKB CK^a/lblBaeTCH 3HalIH- reJibHan 6oAbine»HCTCKaH rpynna BHyrpH otf-be/uineHHoft counaA- AeMOKpaTHqecKott opraiiH3auHH rop. fleTponaBJioBCKa. B ee cocTa3 boiuah aKTHBHbie wjienbi opraHH3auHH, ynacTHHKH nepuoH pyccKOH penojnouHH: TpytfHUbiii, M . Ka3aHi<OB, KapHM CynotucB, ycMan A6^pauiHTOB, a t3K>kc rpynna ropOACKHx patfounx h coaast rap- HH3ona. Bo3r.nanHA rpymry H. Ay6biHHH, uach doJibuicnncTCKOH napTHH 1912 roAa, cnoco6nuH opraHH3aTop Macc, yMGJibin anrra- TOp. B KoKircTaBe Bbi/uviHJiacb 6oAbiueBHCTCKaH rpynna bo rjiaBe c jleMeuKHM, b A kmojihhckc — bo rJiaBe c H. M . M oiihhhm h O. H. KpHBory30M, b ArCacape — bo raaBe c AAHAbtfeKOM Manny- tobbim. IlocTeneHHO, c CjoAbiHHM TpyuoM ocBo6o>KAaHCb ot otf-beAHneHue- ckhx TeiueimHH, aKTHBH3Hpya 6opb6y npoTHB MeiibiueBHKOB bhvtph o&beAHiieinibix opranHaannH, 6oAbiiieBHKH Owcna, rieTponaBJioBCKa h apyrnx ropoAOB o6a 3cth ycHAHBaAH csoe pyKOBOACTBo pa- 60MHM, KpCCTbBHCKHM H HaU,H0HaJlbH0-OCBO6o/,T.HTeJlbHbIM ABHH<e- HHGM. BpeweHHoe npaBHTejibCTBo He paapemaAo, jja h He b coctohhhh 6biao pa3peiuHTb hh OAHoro Bonpoca, nocTaBJiennoro peBOAiouneH. O ho He motao AaTb irapoAy hh MHpa, hh xjietfa, hh 3eMAH, Tai< khk Bee 3to 3aTparHBa.no HHTcpecbi 6yp>nya3HH h noMemHKOB, KOTopbie oho Bbipa>Ka-30 h peBHoCTiio 3 amHma.n0. BpeMemioe 6yp>Kya3Hoe npaBHT(vibCTBo lie cAeviaAo A aw e noiibiTOK a a h pa3pemeiiHH Hauno- Ha.ibiioro Bonpoca. nojib3yucb noAAep>KKotf MCAKo6yp>Kya3iibix nap- THft — scepoB h MeHbmcBHKOB, oho npoBOAWJio cTapyio, yuacAeAO- Bannyio ot uapniwa BeAHKOAcp>KaBHO-uiOBMHHCTHliecKyio noAHTHKy, npHKptJTyiO p030BbIM (flJiarOM «peBOAJOUHOHIIOM AeMOKpaTHH», H co- xpaHH.no b HenpuKocHOBeimocTH cTaphift uapCKHft kojiohhaa bHhifi annapaT. B crenirbix oCjiacTJix — 6biBUieH A kmoahhckoh h CeMHna- .naTHHCKOH h upyrnx — ocTanajincb renepaA-ryCepHaTopcTBO, nepece- jieiiHecKHe ynpaojicHHU, KpecTbHHCKHe HanajibHiiKH, BOAocTHbie yripa- bhtcjih h ayjibHbie CTapniHHbi. A kmoamhckhh ry6epuaTop b TejierpaM- mc AT6acapeK0My Koa.nHUHOHHOMy KOMHTeTy 10* \\iapTa 1917 roAa Tpe6oBa.n «coxpaiuiTb arem-OB aAMHHHCTpau,HH».‘ BpeMeHHoe npaBiiTCJibCTBo He npe/iocTaBHJio ynieTCHHbiM Hanno- HajibHocTHM hhkokhx npaB. HauHOHajibiibiH rn eT npoAOA>KaACH, iipaHAa. b HecKOJibKo H3 MeHeHiioH ci)opMe. EcTecTBCHno, HanHonajib- HO-ocno6oAHTejibHoe ARH>KeHHe nocAe O cBpaAbCK ofi peBOJiioiuiH He TOAbKO hc ocAaCAo, a 3iiaqHTeAbH0 ycHAHAocb. H o 6yp>xya3Hbie na- UHOIiaAHCTbl BCGMepHO CTpeMHAHCb CBepnyTb TpyAHlUHXCH c n y m 1 TocapxHB OmckoA 06^., 369, on. I, n. 227, ji. 4. 56

HaUH0HajIbH0-OCBO6OAHTejIbII0TO ABH>KeHHH. FIoJlb3yJICb odmcACMo- KpaTHHeCKHMH CBOdOAaMH, HailHOHajIbHaH 6yp>Kya3HH H HailHOHajIH- CTHqecKan HHTejuiHreHUHH dhicrpo opraHH3yioTCH h nbiTaioTcn npeA- CTaBHTb cboh HHTepecw H CBOH 6yp>Kya3HO-HaUHOHajIHCTHHeCKHe op- raHH3aiiHii 3a odmeHaiiHOHajibHbie. B OMcKe Ka3axcKoft dancKoft eepxyuiKOH 6t u i co3A3h odjiacTirofi KHprH3CKHfl KOMHTeT, a B riCTponaBAOBCKe, KoKMeTaBC, A kMOJIHHCKC h A T 6 a c a p e — yesAHHe KHpni3CKHe komhtoth. 3 th KoMHreTbi, c o ctohbuihc H3 npeACTaBHTejieft (jjeoAaAbHo-dancKOH BepxyiuKH h dyp- >Kya3Ho-HanHOHajiHCTHiiecKOH HHTejiJiHreHUHH, Bceuejio nozmep>KHBa- ah 6yp>Kya3Hoe BpeMemioe npaBHTeAbCTBo h ero noAHTHKy. IflojiHTHKa BpeMeHHOro npaBHTejibCTBa BbiabiBajia Bee doAbinee neAOBaibCTBo HJHpoKHx TpyAfliunxca Macc. C Becubi 1917 roAa yqa- maioTCH BbicTyruieHHH padomix, KpecTbHHCKOH 6eAHOTbi npoTHB dyp- >Kya3iioro npaBHTejibCTBa h ero MecTHbix opranoB. n o j i o H c e u n e p a O o m i x iia pyAHHKax h a a m o ^ a x o c r a B a j i o c b KpaiiHe TftxceJibiM. OcoOeHHo neBbiHOCHMbiM dbiAO noAOKemie padoHHx Cnac- CKoro MeAcnjiaBH.ibnoro aaBOAa, YcneHCKoro pyAHHKa h Kaparan- A hhckhx KorieH. PadoqHe sthx npeAnpuHTHH noA pyKOBOACTBOM 6ojib- LueBHKOB BeAH ynopHyio dophdy c npeAnpHHHMaTejiHMH h mccthumh opranaMH BJiacTH BpeMeiiHoro npaBHTeAbCTBa, ctojibuihmh Ha CTpa- >KC HHTepCCOB pyCCKHX H HHOCTpaHFfblX KailHTaAHCTOB. Bonpoc o noAOHveiiHH padonnx Ha npeAnpHHTHnx aurjiHHCKoro aKunoHcpHoro o6 iuecTBa «CnaccKHe MeAiibie pyAU» BUHy>KAeH 6 bU odcyAHTb O mckhA C obct padoHHX h bochhlix AenyTaTOB. 21 anpejin 1917 roAa CoaeT n o c T a H O B H J i: «...BBHAy BhiHCHHBUiHxcH TH>KCAbix yc- aobhh Tpy^a na ycnencKOM pyAHHKe: nocjiaTb b dAHJKaHiueM dyAy- meM KoMHccapa Ha CnaccKHe 3aBOAbi h pyAHHKH, HcnoAb30BaTb aah 9toh u e ju i noe3AKy no o n p y ry vjich o b o tin a c riio ro npo;iOBOJihCTBeu- Iioro KOMHTCTa; 2 ) COBMeCTUO C OKpy>KHbTM ropHbfM HH>KeHepOM npn- HHTb no TeAerpa(j)y Mepbi k 3aMene cmotphtcah OcnnoBa, HCHaBHCT- Horo pado'iHM, onbmrwM HHHcenepoM. MaTepn a:i o nojioxceHHH padoqHx na ycncncKHX pyAHHKax onydAHKOBaTb b «H3BecTnsix» Co- BeTa».! riannyio noAAep>KKy dopbde padonnx cnaccKHx npeAnpHHTHft O K a 3 aJl I A k .MOAHHCKHH Ve3AHbJH Cl>e3A CoBGTOB KpeCTbHHCKHX AenyiaTOB, coctohbiuhhch 15— 19 Man 1918 roAa.2 C doAbiUHM bhh- MaHneM BhicjiyuiaAH AeAeraTbi cT>e3Aa ao k a sa npeact abh reAeh pado'iHx c n a c c K H x npeAnpHHTHft. GbC3A o c y n i u i aghctbhh 3am hhh- crpanHH, Koropan npnderAa k npeKpamenmo padoT h 3aKpbirHio npeAnpHHTHH. Cnbe3A Bbipa3HA «noAHoe cohvbctbhc padoneMy iuiaccy Ha 3 aBOAax b dopbde hx 3 a yAyqineHHe cBoero noAOAceHHH»3. Bonpexu 3cepoBCKOMy pyKOBOACTBy, ct>C3A npHHHJi nocTaHOBJieiiHe npnrjiacHTb Aah yqacTHH b ye3AH0M HcnOAHHTeAbHOM KOMHTere CoBeTa KpecTban- 1 rocapxHB O mckoA o6ji., 4). 19, on. 1, n. 12, ji. 9. 3 rocapxHB CeBepO'Ka3 axcT3 HCKOH oCa., cp. 232/268, on. 2, n. 4, jiji. 39—45. 3 TaM hcc. 57

ckhx /i-enyTaTOB abvx npeACTaBHTejiefi o r paGownx CnaccKHx upeA- upHHTHii, a raioKe nociaiioBHJj ;yin 3amHTw pobojiiouhh h HHTepecOB peBOJIIOBHOHHOH AOMOKpaTMII 0<5pa30BaTb GlOpO CoBeTOB paCOMHX, coJiJiaTCKHX h KpecTbHHCKHX AeiiyTaTOB1. 3 th pcmeiiHH cT>e3Aa hbh- JlHCb BpKHM BbipaJKCHHeM 0(5liIH0CTH IlHTepeOOB paOO'IHX H TpyjUUUHX- cn KpecTbflH b hx 6opb6e npoTHB 6yp>Kya3HH n ce iiMiiepHaJincTHiie- CKOfi nOJIHTHKH. rio;wep>KKa Tpyjxsniuixcsi o6.iacTn BAoxiioonjia paConux Cnac- ckhx npeAnpnsmift, BJiHJia b hhx HOBbie chjih. BonpeKH arHTauBW npHexaBinero HanaHVHe nepBoro Man MenbineBHKa 3a BOHHy « ao noCeAHoro Konua», 12-nacoBon paComiii a ^hb, pafjoniie BbuifjiH Ha ncpBOMaiicKyio AeMoncTpaumo c fioJibiueiiHCTCKHMH A03yHraMH: <<£0- JIOH BOHliy!», «B ca BAaCTb COBeTaMl» H Ap.2 floCAe AeMOHCTpaUHH 6biA H36paH Coner pa6oTinx AenyTaTOB, b Koropbift boiijah 5 npeA- CTaBHTe.icft ot pa6oMHX CnaccKoro aanoAa, 5 — ot pa6oMHX K apa- ranAHHCKnx Koneft h 3 — o r Capycy.3 O t fiojibuieBHKOB npouuin Mycwii, HpoKoneiiKO, T. IloHOMapeHKO, n . KojiecHHKOB. npH CoBeTe dbuiH opraiiH30Baiibi 6iopo TpyAa, npo- AOBOAbcTBemiajj, c(3HHancoBan h KBapTHpuaa komhcchh, a Taione KOMHreT no oKaaanwo iiomoiuh ccmmim BoeHHOCAy^KamHX.45B pe3\\vib- raTe AOJiroft h ynopHow 6opb6u paooMne AotfHAHCb 3aiuiioMenHH koji- AeKTHBuoro AoroBopa, noBhuiieiniH 3apn.iaTbi, ycTpancimn iianGoAee HCHaBHCTlIWX npCACTailHTCAeH aAMHHHCTpamiH.0 Ilo A B03ABHCTBHCM yCHolHBaiOLUCrOCa peBOAIOUHOHHOrO ABH>Kei!HB neTponaBjioBCKHH ConeT paCo^nx h coAAaTCKHx AenyiaTOB 28 an- pe.-iB 1917 roAa iipHHjm nocTanoBAenne «nocTencHHO bboahtb 8-naco- boh pa6o«nni AeHb b nacTiibix roproBbix npeAnpHBTHHx...*6. HecMOTpn iia to, mto fiojibumiicTBO b CoBeTax npunaAAewaAo MCAKo6yp>Kya3HOMy coivianja ieJibekomy 6.70Ky, CoBeTbi nrpaAH naxc- HyiO pojlb B PCBOJIIOUHOIIHOM BOCnHTailHH TPyAHIULHXCH MaCC odAaCTH, B pa3BHTHH HX pCBOAlOUHOHIIoft 9Hepr>!H. BonpCKH IIOAHTHKG 3CepO« MOHblllGBHCTCKOTO pVKOBOACTBa, COBeTbl, OfTIipaflCb Ha pCBO.'IIOUH- OHHilfi nOBHH pa60MHX, COAAaT H KpeCTbBH, OCynj.CCTBAJlAH Ba>KHbie peBOAiouHOHiiwe mcponphftth a, iioAHHMaBnme co3HaHHe Macc, y 6e>K- AaBmiie hx b neAHKOH cw ie CoBeToa. 3 r o moxcho npocjie;iHTb no patfoTe I A kmoahhckoto yesAnoro c/be3Aa Cobctob KpecrbHHCKHx a c - nyTaiOB. Ha cT»e3Ae, Kai< y>Ke orMcwaAocb, npHcyTCTBOBa.mi patfonne CnaccKHx 33boaob, npeAcrar>HTejiH coaa3t MecTiiofi bohhckoh KOMan- Abi, b tom qncjie 6ojibiueBHKH I IecTop MaMOHTOBHM M ohhh ii O coao- 1 focapXHB CeBepo-KaaaxcTajicKoft 06^., (p. 232/268, on. 2, r . 4, 39—45. 2 ApxHB Ka30H/ina;!a HMJ1, (}>. 811, BocriOMHHaHHe IlpoKonoHKo. 3 Taw >kc, BOcnoMiieaHHH OajibKOBHqa h IlpoKoncHKo xl. 4 TaM >kc. 5 E. A. hj\\ b m y x a m ea o n. PoBO^iouHOHHOe ABioKeHHe ropnopafioqHX Ka- saxcTaua b HaMaae XX uexa (1900— 1917), Ka3 rocH3 AaT, A jm a -A ra , 1955, CTp. 121. 6 UTAOP KasOCP. 4>. 23. on. 1 . r . 1 . jiji. 14— 15. 58

chA IlKKOJiaeBHM K p n o o ry a ,1 a Tan>Ke npeACTaBuxejiH ot Ka3axcKiix ayjioB H BOJIOCTCft. A k MOJIHHCKHH 0X103,11 COBGTOB KpeCTbHHCKHX AeilVTaTOB npouieji n o j pyKOBOUCTBOM SCCpOB. On Bbipa3HA AOBCpHC BpeMCKHOMy upa- BHTejibCTny, noAAep>Kaji no-jiHTHKy npOAOJixfeiiHH b o Ah u . M 3to itohhtho. 3 yie cb , b 500 B c p c ra x o t >Kejie3Hoft Aoporw, b' tw th h h o KpCCTbHHCKOM yC3^e BJIHBHH6 MeJIK06yp>Kya3HbiX napTHH 6bUIO oco- OeuHo CHJibiibiM . H o BMecTe c TeM b p a 6 o ie c*be3Aa, e ro nocTaHOBJie- h h h x H a u iJ in o r p a x e H H e p e B O J iio u u o in ia H h h h u h aTHBa Macc, p a crym e e BJIHflHHG HAeft H JlO 3ynr0B Oo.lbllieBHCTCKOH napTHH. F lo HHHLUia I'HBe h TpcOonaHHio KpecTbsiHcKHx A e Jie ra iO B ci>e3A Bbiny>KAeir 6biJi npn- HHTb pJlA peBOAIOUHOHHblX, XOTfl H HCnOCAeAOBaTeAbHLlX pemeHHH. Tan, oOcyAHB BHeoqepeAHOH nonpoc 06 ynpa3AneHHH HHCTHTyra KpecTbnncKHx iia*iaJTbHHKOB, BueceHHbiii AcnyTara.MH c Mecr, CT>e3A nocTaHOBHJi HeMCAiieiiHO ynpa3AHHTb «HHC7HTyT KpecTbHHCKHX Ha- HaJIbHMKOB KHK OT/KHBLLIHH CBOft BeK»* H «OAHO Ha3BaiIHe KOTOpO- ro Bbi3biBaeT OTBpainenne cbo6 oahhx rpa>KAaH»3. O ocvahb AOK.naA « o noAaTnx h n a;iorax», CT>e3A KOHCTaTHpona/r, 4TO BCH TH>KeCTb KOCBCHHOrO oO.'IOMeHHH H TaMOKeilllhlX nOUIJIHH JIOKHTCH lia OcAHCHIUHe KJiaCCbl Hace,ieHHH — paGoHHX H KpeCTbJIll, KOTOpbie HBJIHIOTC.fi IViaBHblMH HOTpeOUTeAflMH oOJiaraCMblX KOCB0H- HbiMH Ha.ToraMH npoAyKTon. CT>e3A npH3Ha^ iicoOxoahm um yim m o- >KHTb KOC-BeHHblC, TaMOWCHHbie, HOKpOBHTe.1bCTBeiI!Ibie H Bee BO- oCiuc naAorn, iia/iaiomne na tpvah u ih xch , h «ycTairoBHTb eAHHhifi rrporpeccHB/fWH n o A O x o x u b if t n a j i o r n a z io x o jib i ti nacsie/icrna oora- ibix KJiaccOB HacevjcHHH npn coBcpmeHHOM ocBooo>KAenHH o r HaJio- ra MeJiKHX rpy/ioBbrx aoxoaob» 45. Ho 3CMe.ibHOMy Bonpocy c/be3A rrocraHOBWJi nepeABTb Bcro 3eMAto b pacnopn«eHHe rocyjiapcTBa, oTMCHHTb xacTHyK) coOcrBeHHOCTb h BbiHec peiiieHiie o i/epe;iane Been yA c6 noH aah cejibCKoro xoafiHCTBa 3eM.TH b no.7b30BaiiHe iiapo^a na ypannHTeJibiio rpyAOBbix nanaJiax. OcepoBCKOMy pyKODojcruy y n a .io c h n a B573aTb cbcrjAV nynKT 06 or- cpoHKc pemeHHH 3topo »onpoca j i o ynpeAHTeJibnoro coOpaHHH. «JXo M3iiairHH y i2ipeAHTejibHbiM coOpainieM 3aKona o 3eMJie ncwib30Baime 36MAea ocTaeiCH n a npe^KHHx ocHOBaifHfix. HmcaKfix aaxBaioa (icaic) Ka3CHHbIX, TaK H HaCTHblX 3e\\ieJIb, JICCOB H APyi'HX yroAHii li Ca.MO- i3o.ibHoe nojib30Bamie hmh ne AonycKaeTCH...»J O ahsko pHAOBbie Abvierarbi cxe3Aa bhccjih AonoAHeHHe k peso- AJOIIHH, B KOTOpOM rOBOpiblOCb: « B BHAe BpCMCHHOH MCpbl AO Pa3pe- menitfi Bonpoca b y^peAKTeAbiiOM coOpaHHH cbe3A BbiCKa3biBaeT no>KeAaHHe, nuoObi JiecHow ctpohtgjibhbih MaTcpnaji oinycKaAor 6e j- H e U u ie x iy Hace.iemno nouiTyuno, a ApoBa c KyOHHecKoii ca>KeiiH...» 1 rocapxiiB CeBepo-Ka3axcTaHCKOM 0 6 ^.f 4>- 232/268, on. 2, a- 4, jijt. 39—45. 2 Taw >Ke. 3 LU'AOP KaxCCP, (\\>. 992, on. 1 , a . 5. jin. 1— 2. 4 TocapxHB CcBepo-Ka3axcTaHCKOH oOji., 232/268, on. 2, a. 4, .a.'i. 39—45. 5 Taw >Ke. 59

h hto «ceHOKOCHbic yroAba nocTynaiOT b noAb30BaHHe HacejienHa no ouenKe hx komhcchhmh H3 Bbidopnbix ot HaceJieHHH h npeACTaBH- tcjich jiecnH'iecTBa...»1 Cbe3A odparHACH k O mckomy CoBeTy padonux h coAAaTCKHX AenyTaTOB h otfjiacTHOMy KOMHecapy c npocbdoft npeAocraBHTb coji- AaTBM TbIAOBbIX HaCTeft BHyTpCHHHX OKp>TOB OTnyCK AJltt pa60TbI no peMOHTy CeAbCK0X035rifCTBCHHbIX Opy^Hft, MaiDHH, MeJIbHHU H odpa- 60TKH 3eMJIH.2 Ct>C3a i3bicKa3a^ic5i 3a BBe^enne Bceodmero o6pa30BaHHH 3a cneT rocy^apcrBa, 3a t o , HTodbr uiKOJia C hina AOCTynHa KaK b TcppnTOpH- a^bHOM, TaK H B MBTCpHBAbHOM OTHOUieHHHX A-TH AeTCfi TpyAHIUHXCfl Macc, HTo6bi iuKOJibi 6 b v iu « a a h ocex OAHiiaKOBbie», Bbici<a3aACH 3a opraiiH3anHio aah B3pocAbix BcnepHHx 11 eocKpecubix iukoji, 3a opra- HH33UHIO CpeAHHX IDKOJI B cejiax. Odcy^HB npoeKr 0 6 H3dpaHHH komhcchh no odcACAORanwio to- BapOB nepBOH hco6 xoahmocth h yperyAnpoBamno ueH, 0 ^03/1 110- CT3HOBHJ1' «riopynHTb yC3AH0My npOAOBOAbCTBCHHOMy KOMHTCTV B nepByio onepe^b npoH3BecTH odcAGAonaiiHe TOBapoB nepBoii Heod- xoahmocth, naxoAHiunxcH b Mara3HHax h cKAaAax r. AKMOAHHCKa h yperyjiHpOBaTb ucHbi»3. Obe3A H3dpa;i npHMHpHTejibnyio komhcchio b cocTaBe 13 npeA- CTaBHTe*nefi Ka3axoB h 13 — pyccKnx a -th corjiacoBaiiHa HHTepecoB pyccKoro h Ka3axcKoro wace^ieHiin h od'beAHHeHnn hx ycHAHH. B co- CTae komhcchh 6buri H36pan h doAbineBHK H. M . M ohhh. I lo AOKAa- Ay 3TOfl KOMHCCHH C T ^ A npU3HaJI Heo6xOAHMbIM o6'bCAHHHTbCH lie H3 CJiooax, a 11a a g a o , HCMeAAeinio ycrpaHHTb o t saHHMaeMbix a o a >khoc- TO.il ROJiocTHbix ynpaBHreJieH, ayjibHbix crap iiiH H h dneB, co3Aannc CJICACTBCHHblX KOMHCCHH AAA pacCACAOBaHHH npeCTynHbIX ACHCTBHH npeACTaBPfre^ieir uapCKofi h am HHMCTpauHH b nepHOA bocct3 hhh 1916 roA a, npeABHHe hx c y A y c HaAOKenneiu ap ccT a Ha HMymecTno. £ e - AeraTbi peuniAH n CAynae iieB03MO>KHOCTH bo3moihohhh ydbiTKOB 3a cn er bhhobhwx ahii, uapcKOH aAMHHHCTpauHH H eAocraiom yio cyMMy ydbiTKOB npociiTb rocyAapCTBO B3HTb Ha c e d n 4. Mchoakom 6bui H3dpan H3 scepoB, 6yp>Kya3iibix HauwoHaAHcroB H MCHbLIieBHKOB, BCOUeAO nOAAOpWHBaBLUHX BpeMCHHOe npaBHTeAb- CTBO H lie OTpa>KaBUIHX HIITepeCOB TpyAHIUHXCH KpeCTbHHCKHX Macc. HcKAJOHHTeAbHO dOAbmyK) pOAb R peBOAlOUHOHH3HpOBaHHH Ka- 3axcKoro ayAa, pacnpocTpanemiH cpeAH Ka3axcKOH dcAHOTbi do.-ib- meBHCTCKHx hag# cbirpaAH BepiryBuiHecn c TbiAOBbix pador Ka3ax- CKHe TpyAHiunecH. M norne H3 hhx nponiAH noA pyKOBOACTBOM pyc- c.khx padoMiix Ha tjiadpHKax h 3aBOAax, Ha CTpOHTCAbHbix padorax cepbe3Hyio WKOAy peBOAiouHoiuiOH oopbdbi npoTHB nap>i3Ma, a 3<!TeM npOTHB dyp>Kya3iioro BpeMeHHoro npaBHTejibCTBa. M hothc padonne- rocapxHB Ce»epo-Ka3axciaHCKOH od.iacTH, ty. 232/268, on. 2, r . 4, jwi. 39—45. 13M >KC- 3 TaM »c . 4 Ta.M >Ke. fX)

Ka3aXH 6bIJIH xopouio 3HaKOMH C 6oJIbmeBHCTCKHMH IIAeJIMH. TaK, Ka- paraH^HHCKHH niaxTep XycaHHOB, tfhiBWHft b qwcJie MotfHAHSOBaHHbix Ka TbiJiOBbie p a 6oTbi, nHiner b cbohx BOcnoMmiaiiHflx: «Mbi noHHJiH, mo nauiH HHTepecbi CBH3aHbi c HHTepecaMH pyccKHX pa<5o<iHx h xpe- crbflii... B ahh n am e A ctohhkh b Mnncxe k naM b nacTb npwxoAH- jih Co/ibuieBHKH. O hh paabACHH/iH 3aziaiiH napTHH, Ji03yHTH 6opb6bi 3a CoBeTc.Kyio BJiacTb... TorAa >xe y 3»aJiH m u h o bbahkom BepHyBiiiHCb b K a 3axcTaH, raKne paConne, x ax XycawiOB, npiiHsuiH aKTHBiioe ynacTHe b 6opb6e 3a CoBeTcxyio B-nacrh. A c mia 3Ta fibi.ia hc Majian. O KOJinnecTBe B03BpaLu,aBiiiHXCJi c tujiobux patfoT Ka3axoii roBopHT y w e Tor*c})aKT, hto, nanpuMep, 31 Man 1917 roAa Ha npwcTa- HMX OMCK3 COCpCAOTOHHJIOCb AO 3 TblCHH AeM06H.riH30BaHHbIX K333- XOB, OTIipaBJIfliOZUHXCJI BBCpX JIO HpThlLIiy. Mnorne H3 hhx Be3JiH c co6oh opvxmic. T a n , H3 FlaBAOAapa tc- .'ierpa(f)npoBa/ui o tom, hto Ha napoxo/xe «n eTp orpaA » Ha A m a t \\ e/jyr c tlm obux pa6oT Ka3axH, KOTopue, no 3aHBJieHHio KanHTana. BC3VT c co6 oft cnpHTaiiHue b Bemax niauiKu h pa3o6pafnibre bhii- TOBKH.2 B CBJ13H C 3THM GbLTIH npHHHTLI MCpU K OCMOTpy 3U1CJ10H0B.3 riaBJiOAapCKHM ye3AHUM KOMHecapoM BpeMOinioro upaBHTejibCTBa 6bi.no oToCpano v Ka3axoB, B03Bpaui,aBiiinxcH c tujiobux pa6oT iia rrapoxo/ie «H nKo.iaii», GO bhhtobok, 200 narpoiiOB, ua.aarKH h Ap.4 PyccKHC h Ka3axcKHeTpyAHiunccH ycHAHBaAii 6opi>6y npoTHB Bpc- MenHoro npaBHTejibCTBa h npoAOJi>KaBiiieticsi boAhm. Ka3axH-B03HH- kh, paGoTaBiune na bubo3kc xjicGa, npeA'bflBHJiK • TpeGoBanHH 06 oruate nepcno30K no 3A Kon. c ny/io-Bepcrbi. A Tax xax oGjiacTHaa npoAOBOAbCTBeiiHaji ynpasa npcA^iarajia jiHiiib no V3 non. c nyAo- BCpCTbl H OTKa3aJiaCb yAOBAeTBOpHTb TpeGOBaHHH Ka3aXOB-B03llHKOB, to nocjieAHHe npexpaTHAH paGoTy h pasouuiHCb no creriH. Taaeia « O mckhA BecTHHK» maxoBaJiacb, hto n.noxo noMorjiH b 3tom A&ie Bee npH3biBbi MecTHoro KOaJiHUHOHHoro KownrcTa.5 B hiohc 1917 roAa bo BpeMH HpMapKH npoH3oiujio BbicTynjiciiHe co.^aTOK b Ai-Gacape. rioBOAOM k HeMy HBHAacb HenunJiara nocofojft. Oahdko achctbh- TCAbHOH npHHHHOfi 3TOrO BbICTynJieHHH <5bUIO r.iydOKOe H6AOBOAbCTBO npoAO/r>KaiomeAcji bohhoA. >KenmHHU-coJiAaTKH pa3hicKHBaJiH n.ne- HOB KOaJIHUHOHHOrO K0MHTCT3, T3IUHAH Ha ILflOmaAb H T3M H36nBaAH. MecTHaA BOHHCKan KOMaHAa, Bbi3BaHnaa a-’ih AHKBHAaiuiH BbrcTyn.ae- HHH >KenmHH-COJIAaTOK, nOA BAHHHH6M GoAbllieBHKOB OT VCMHpeilHH 0TKa3a.nacb. HaHajibiiHK KOMaHAbi KanHTaH CyGooTHH cnaccn 6er- CTBOM.6 ConpoTHBJieHHe KpecTbHHCKHx M acc noAHTHKe 6yp>Kya3Horo Bpe- MeHiioro npaBHTejibCTBa npoHBAH.iocb b OTKa3e AaBaTb xjie6 , b yna' meHHH CaMOBOAbHUX 33XBaTOB 3CMeAb. H e 0>KHAaH yqpeAHTeAbHOrO ‘ BoccTaHHe 1916 roAa a Ka3axcraHe. (AoKy.MeiiTU h MaTepwaJihi). Hsa. AH KaaCCP, 1947, crp. 151. 2 I'a3CTa cO mckhA bccthhk», K\" 117, 2 hjo/ih, 1917 r. 8 LirAOP KaaCCP, tl>. 992, on. i. A. 11. a. 2. 4 TaM x e , a . 12, a . 7. 8 Ta3era «Omckhh bccthhk>, K2 124, 10 hiohji 1917 r. 6 ApxHB Ka3(l?nAHaAa HMJI, 4>. 811, bocnoMiinaHHe BacoBa n. H. 61

co6paHHH, pyccxaa, xasaxcxan h yxpaHHCKaa 6eAH0Ta, cJie^ya iipn- 3biBa.M 6oJii»nieBHCTCKOH napTHH, cawoMHimo 3axBaTbiBa,na 3eMAH, ot- Moxcnamibie nepeceJieH*ieoKHMH ynpasjiciiHflMH, a Tax>xe npwiaAAe- }KaBHine aepKBH h xa3anbe8 Bepxymxe. npOTHBO^e^CTBHH CaMOBOJIbHblM 3aXB3TaM,— rOBOpHTCfl B o63ope no A kmojihhckoh odJiacTH I\\naBHoro yripaBJieHHH mhjihuhh M miHCTepcTBa bhvtpghhhx jo,qji 10 aBrycra 1917 roAa,— mccthoc 6 k>- po KOMHccapnaTa KOMaiiAHpoBajio oco6bix jihu, b OTiiejibiiwx <yiy*ia- nx nochwaJMCb BoflcxoBbie uacTH...»I B ofoope Toro >Ke ynpaBJieHHH no A kmoahhckoh otfjiacTH 3a 22 aBrycTa roBopHTca, mto « 3axBaT qy*wx seM&nb h nopyftxa xa3anb- hx jiecoo npoAOoi>KaeTcn... cramma CoimaTOBCxaa, KoxneTaacxoro ye3Aa, no npnroBopy oroOpaAa y npimrra 300 acchthh 3eMJiH»2. B nioHe 1917 roAa b neTponaBAOBCxe H3-3a pocra AoporoBH3Hbi h npo^onoabCTBcinibix saTpyAiieHHfl hmgjjh MecTO BbicTyriAeHHH Tpy- Ahiuhxcji Macc, b hhx npHHBJiH ynacrne h cojiaaTbi 33-ro CnOopcxoro CTpejiKonoro 3anacnoro nojiKa.3 IlepexOAbi co.n;iaT lia cropOHy HapoAa Bee ynamaAHCb. 4 aBrycra npoH3ouuio BOJiHenne coji^ ht 709 Apy>KHHH, nocjiaHHUX Ann oxpaiibi AiuaOyjibCKoro BHHOxypeiiHoro 3aBOAa b KoKqeTaBCKOM ye3Ae.4 Co;i- AaTbi, npnexaBiune b omycK, apecroBaJin b A kmojihhckc cyAbio A jick- caH^pOBa K3K CTOpOHHHKa UapCKOrO CTpOH. Pa3BepnyBiueecyi Becnog h jictom paOoMee, KpecTbancxoc h naun- OHa.nbno-ocBo6oAMTenbnoe ABH/xenne oxbbthao Bee ye3Abi oOjiacTH. Hpouecc peBOjnouHOHnoro npo6yjKAeiiHtt TpyAamaxcn Macc nee ycn- JiHBaJiCH. Ho b cb06m noAaBA5nomeM tfojZbiuwiiCTBe onh erne auiH 3a MeAKo6ypx<ya3iibiNf 6aoxom — acepawH h MeiibmeBHKaMH, a Tax>xe 6yp^ya3H0-HauH0HaAHCT]fqecKHMH naptHBMH. 3 to npoaBHAOCb n b HioAbCKHc aiih 1917 roAa. MenbineBHKaM h sccpaw b FleTponaBAOB- cxe, AxMOAHHCKe h Apymx ropoAax h ye3Aax od^acTH ynaAOCb Ha- b5i3aTb CoBeraM paCoHHx, coAAaTCKHx h KpecTbjnicKnx AenyiaTOB peuienHB, oAoOpHBiiiMe noAaBJieHHe BpeMemibiM npaBnrejibCTBOM MHpHoii HiOAbCKOft ACMOHCTpauHH paOonnx h cojiAaT rierporpaAa. Ho 6yp>xya3HH h ee notfopHHxa.M — MCHbineBHKaM h scepaM — lie yAaJiocb pa3rpoMHTb (5ojibiueBHiKOB. PaccrpeJiHB MnpHyio AeMOHcrpa- UHio, (5yp>xya3H5! pa3rpoMHJia He pa6onyx> peBOAioimro, a yHHHToaKHJia AOBepne Macc k AHAepaw scepoB h MeHbuieBHKOB, KOTopbre cxa- THJincb b Aarepb 6yp>xya3HH. HioAbCKwe ahh xopeinibiM o6pa30M H3M0HHJIH o6cTaHOBKy b crpane. Ohh 03HanaAH kohgu abocbaacTHh h nepexoA Been BJiacTH b pyxii 6yp>xya3HH. «Tenepb MHpHoe passn- THe peBOAIOUHH B PoCCHH,— IIHCaJI B. H. /IeilHH,— y>KC HeB03M0>KH0 h Bonpoc HCTOpHeii nocTaBAeH Tax: jih6o noAnan noOeAa xoHTppe- BOAKJUHH, A «6o HOBafl peBOAK)UHH»5. 1 UrAOP CCCP, 4>. 406, on. 6, A- 377, naneT 5, crp. 32—36. 7 Ta-M a<e, a. 55, a. 219. 3 rocapxiia OmckoR o6jiacTH, 471, a. 33, n. 10. 4 LirAOP CCCP, (}). 406, on. 6. a . 377, naK€T 5, crp. 32—36. 5 B. H. J1 e h h H. Coq., t. 25, CTp. 196. 62

B CBH3H C H3M6HCHH6M llOCAe HlO/IbCKHX COOblTHH nOJIHTH'ieCKOH o6CTa«IOBKH HeoSxO^HMO 6 bIJIO BblpaCOTaTb HOBVJO T3KTHKV napTHH. 3 tv 3aflaliy ycneumo peuiHJi VI c*be3A napTHH (26 hiojih —• 2 aurycTa 1917 r.). O h otctoha JieHHHCKyio Teopmo coimajiHCTHqecKoft pe»o- jiiouhh, Hauanuji napTHio Ha BOopyx<eHiioe Boccramic, na connaAnc- THMeC.KyK) pCBOJIIOUHK). PeuieiiHH CT»e3/ia aanjiHCb nporpaMMofi AeaTeJibHocTH zyisi bcch napTHH b nocjieHioJibCKKH nepnoA, b tom qncJie h RJin dojibiuesHKOB Ka3axcTaHa. O iih cnocoCcTBonajiH HaxHBamno o6be/uniHTeJibCKHX tchachuhh y CoAbujeBHKon CeoepHoro Ka3axcTaHa, xoth stot ripo- uecc npoxoAHJi oneiib Tpyano h Me;uieirno. C noMoiUbFo napTHHHOH opraHH3auHH Owcxa CojibuieBHKH ner- ponaB.aoBCKa BeAyT HacToftqHByio 6opt>6y 3a 3anocBaiiHC CoBeTa, npOTHB nacTynjieHHH mccthux opranoB BJiacTH BpeMeHHoro npaBH- Te^bCTBa h npeAnpHHHMaxeJiefi iia 3aBoeBaHHH paOoqnx. BoJibiuean* KH PC3KO BblCTynHJTH HpOTHB nOfTblTKW ynpaBJIGHHH OMCKO# >K0Jie3- noft Aoporn 0T03BaTb H3 CoBera jioa npe/yioroM neflOCTaTKa patio- hhx h cjiyx<amnx 7 npcACTaBiiTCflefi — >KeAe3noAopo>KHLix pa6olinx CT3HHHH FleTponaB-TOBCK. Tlo IiaCTOHHHK) dOJIblLieBHKOB COBeT OTMeTHJI B CBOGM nOCTailOB- JICHHH, HTO «0T03BaHHe >Ke.'le3IIOAOpO>KJlIfKOB H3 COBCTa HBAHeTCH »ie mom HHbiM, KaK tioxoaom, HanpaiuiemibiM npoTHB odiuecTBeiiHo- AeMOKparHqecKHX opraHH3aiuifi h, b HacTtiocTH, CoBCTa padoMHX h cojiAaTCKHx AenyTaTOB, c uejibio riOAopBarb ycneuiHOCTb Copbdbi Ae.MOKpaTHH c apncTOKpaTHeft h 6yp>Kya3HeH 3a cboc npaBOBoe h 3KOHOMHlfCCKOG ITOAOWCHHC Ha OCHOBe paBHOnpaBHH^1. CoseT BblCKa- 33JICH npoTHB OT3hIBa >Ke.ae3iio;xopo>KHHK0B H3 CoBeTa h nopyiHJi cbohm AevTeraTaM, noexaBmHM Ha ct>c3a Cobctob 3anaAHoft CudupH, BHecTH 3tot Bonpoc Ha oGcyHCfleiine ci>e3Aa h npocifrb ero 06 orMe- HC pacnopn>KeHHH od OT3bIBe H3 CoBeTa >KeJie3HOAOpO>KHHKOB. CoBeT OdpaTHACH B npO(j)C0IO3 >Ke.Te3HOAOpO>KHbJX pado^HX H CJiy>KamHX c upocbdoH TaK>Ke BbtHCCTH CBOe pemenne. n o c j iq j io batejibHah 3aiunTa HHTepecoB TpyflsnixHxcH cnocodcTBO- Ba-xa pocTy bjihhhhh 6oJibwcBHKOB nerponaBJioBCKa h Apyrax ropoAOB iia Maccbi. 06 3tom CBHAerejibCTBOBaAH pe3yjibTaTbi nepeBW- 6opOB rieTponaRffOBCKoft ropoACKoft AyMU, JipoHcxoAHBiUHe 6—8 hiojih b odcraHOBKe pa3ry.ia KOHTppeBOAiouHOHiibix chji, TpaBAH h npeCvieAOBaiuiH 6ojibiueBHCTCKoii napTHH. Bo BpeMH nepeBbidopos b ropOACKyio AyMy pa3ropejiacb ocrpan 6opb6a Meatfly nojihthqecKH- Mil OpraHH3aUHHMH. BblJIO BblCTaBJIGHO 8 CnHCKOB, B TOM HHCJie CflHCKH COUHaA-ACMOKpaTHHeCKOfl OpraHH3aUHH. OcodeHHO CHJIbHyW arHTauHio Bejih acepu.2 Counaji-AeMOKpaTnqecKaH opraHH3amiH npeABbi6opnyio 6opi>6y ue^a cjiado.3 CKa3a.riocb bjihhiihc weHbme- bhctckoh qacra opraKH3auflH, noAAep>KHBaBJiieH acepoB. Ho, ne- ‘ H rA O P KaaCCP, 4>. 23, <b. on. 1, A. 1, jui. 65-60. 2Fa3eTa «npHHLUHMbe», j\\« 149, 11 Hjoaa 1917 r. 3 TaM we.

c m o t p h Ha 3TO, counaJi-AeMOKpaTH^ecKaa opraHH3auHH o/iep>Ka.rca 3 HaHHrenhHbiH ycnex. Ona nojiy^HJia 12 m c c t b ropoACKoft a yMe, Ky^a 6 b U iu H36paHbi aKTHBHbie tfojihineBHKH: 51. rioCejiancKHH, H. IIIepcTo6 aeB, H. HBanoB h ApyrHe. 1 rioAHoe nopaHvemie noTepne- JIH KaA^Tbl, nOJiyMHBUIHC Bcero JlHHJb OAHO MeCTO. BOAblHHHCTBO MeCT (2 4 ) riojiytiHJiH acepbi.21 C hjili 6o;ibweBHKOB BHyrpH ofoeAH H eH R oft opraHH3an,HH 6bicT- p o pocJiH . 29 m o jia 1917 r o A a o6 m e e c o fip a n n e otf'beAHHeHHoft co- UHa.fi-ACMOKpaTH'iecKOH opranH 3auH H , o6cyA H B B o n p o c «TeKym nft MOMCHT H KOHTppeBOJIIOUHOmiOe ABH>KeHHe», OUeHHvlO paCCTpea MHp- hoh AeMOHCTpauHH paGoynx H coAAaT 3— 4 HiOvia b lleTporpaAe h penpeccHH npoTHB CojibuieBucTCKofi napTHH KaK KOHippeBOJiiouH- OHiioe abh^ chhc, HHHunaTopOM Koroporo HBH.THCb 6yp>Kya3Hwe napTHH — KaAeTbi h 0KTfl6 pHcrbi. Codpanne noTpetfoBajio neMeA-ien- Horo pociiycna rocyAapcTBeimoH Ay.Mbi KaK neirrpa KomppeBO- jiiohhohhoio abhhcchhh b crpaiie, nphbaenehhh k OTBercmeHHOCTH npaBoii nenaTH 3a KJieBCTy na peBOJiiounoimbix couHajuicroB, B0306- HOBJieHHH BbIXOAa (JOJIbLLieBHCTCKHX ia 3 e T H OCBOdOJKAeilHH apeCTOBaH- Hbix (5o;ibllieBHKOB, HCMeAJieHHOfl OTMeiJbl CMepTIIOH K33HH, BOCCTa- HOBAeiiHH cuoGoAhi cAOBa, iie^arH, coOpaHufi KaK b TbiJiy, Tan h na (J)pOHTe H T. A-3 OAHaKO co6 pamie lie c m o iy io Aarb npaBHJibHOH oueuKH KOirrppe' bo .i iou.nonuoii po:iH MenbiueBHKOB h 3cepoB, OTKpuTO nepemeAUiHX na CTOpOHy 6ypacya3HH h iio b h h h l ix b paccTpejie m h p h o h a c m o h c t - paiXHH 3— 4 h)ojih 1917 rOAa b IleTporpaAe. 3 r o noMeiua.no neipo- naB/IOBCKHM OOJIbLUeBHKaM pa30pB3Tb OpraHH3aUHOHHbie CBB3H c MeHbUICBHKaMH. noJieijeHHe M acc nerpo/iaBAOBCKa uauuno CBoe oTpa*KeHHe npw o6cy>KAeHHH na 3aceAaHMH CoaeTa 9 aarycra 1917 roAa Bonpoca O BOftHe. Bbipa3H B 60JIbUIHHCTB0M TOAOCOB AOBepHC BpCMCHHOMy npaBHTeJibcrBy, Cobct chhji c o6cy>KAeHH5i Bonpoc o bohhc, Tax Kan no HCMy paaBopuyAHCb cnjibnuc npeHHH h Miiorne A enyTaTbi b h - CTynujiH npoTHB bo Ah u . Ha 3t o m >Ke aaccAaHHH ConeT nocTanoBH.n b u c j ih x «cKopefim ero B0CCT3HOBACHHH B UeHTpe H Ha MCCTaX 3aKOHHOli BJiaCTH, H3f>paHHOH B ojiefi n a p o A a cTpawbr... HeodxOAHMWM HaCTaHBaTb na co3biBe Y w p e- AHTejibHoro co6paHHH 17 cenTntfpa c. r., t . e. b AeHb, Ha3HaqeniibiA BpeMCHHbiM npaBHTejibCTBOM, a no3TOMy Kanan 6 m t o h h 6 br.ia o t - THJKKa B C03WBC AOnyCTHMa CbITb He MOH<eT»4. B ahh 6 opb6 bi c KopHHJioBiuHHOM TpyAnmnecH waccbi eme H eiue pa3 yCCAHAHCb B TOM, HTO TOAhKO 60AblHeBHCTCTKa« MapTHH HBJIHeT- CH nOAJIHHHbIM BO>KAeM peBOJilOLUlH, nOCvieAOBaTeAbHbJM 331H.HTHH- KOM HX HHTepeCOB. H e6 bIBajlO 6 blCTpO pOCJIO B-lHHHHe 60AbUieBHK0B 1 Ta3eTa «ripHHuiHiibe». Ks 156. 19 hkwih 1917 r. 2 I'gM JKC. 3 TaM >Ke, M» 168, 3 aBrycra 1917 r. 4 U fA O P KaaCCP, <p. 23. on. 1, a . i; jiji. 65—66. 64

b CoBeTax, npocj)coi03ax He TOJibKo b ueHTpe CTpaHbi, ho h na ee oxpaHHax. Hawa^acb no;ioca OKHBJieHHJi Cobctob, hx 6o^bmeBH3a- UHH. JIo3yHr « B ch B/iacTb CoBeTaw!» BHOBb 6bui BbiABHHyT napTHefl. Ho Tenepb on o3Haqaji nepexoA B.iacTH b pyKH npOJieTapnaTa h Gejx- HeHiuero KpecTbHHcrBa nyie.vf Boopy>Kcimoro BoccTamiH npoTHB Bpe.viCHHOro npaBHTe.abCTBa. FlerponaBJiOBCKH/i Cobct, oGcy>Kna5i 30 aBrycia 1917 ro/ia Bonpoc O TeKyiUHX COObirHHX, BbI3BaHHbIX KOpHHjIOBCKHM MHTOKOM, riOCTaHO- bha: « B o Bceopy>KHH npHH&Tb peuiHTejibHbie wepbi b GopbGe c H3- MeiJHHKOM pOAHHbl H peBOJIFOIUIH B JIHUC lipeAareJJJJ H H3MeHHHK3 KopHHJiOBa h ero npuBepwenueo, aah Hero Cobct npe/uiaraeT AeMOKpaTHH TeCHO CIIJIOTHTbCH BOKpyr 3amHTHHKOB pOAHHb! H TpyAH- iiihxch Macc, BOKpyr peBOJiioiiHOimbix opraHmaiiHifo1. C obct nocra- IIOBH.1 oprai!H30BaTb oObeAHHCHHblH KOMHTeT peBOAIOUHOHHOH /'ICMOKpaTHH AJIH GopbGbl C KOHTppeBOJIlOLUICH, KoxopoMy IlpeAOCTaBHJI bcjo no.inoTy BoeHHoA 11 rpa>KAaHCKOH bjibcth b rop. nerponaBAOB- ckg h ero ye3Ae.2 Peno-niouHOHHaH GopbGa Tpy/iBiunxcB A kmoahhckoh oGAacTH, KaK h Been CTpaHbi, BCTyriHJia b hobwh 3Tan. B ceHTflGpe h oKTaGpe 1917 rojxa b O mckc, HeTponaBAOBCKe, iia O mckoh >Ke.ie3HOH Aopore, CnaccKHX, KapcaKnawcKHx h Apyrwx npejinpHbthbx noAHH.iacb He- GbiBa.ian b 1917 roAy Bo.iHa 3a6acTOBOK, bo BpeMJi KOTopwx pa6o- HHe BblABHraAH KaK 3KOHOMHMCCKHe, TaK H FIOJlHTH'ieCKHe TpcGOBa- HHfl. 21 ceiiT5i6p« Ha^a.Tacb 3a6acTOBKa omckhx >Ke.ie3Ho;iopo>KHHKOB, BbI3BaHH3H OTK330M BpeMeilHOrO npaBHTe^lbCTBa yViyHIUHTb TH>Ke»ioe no^o>KeHHc paGoMHx >Ke.7e3HOAOpo>Kiioro TpaHcnopTa.3 K Hew npH- COejlHHHJlHCb M e.ie 3 H 0 1 0 p 0 > K H l1 K H n e r p o n a B .iO B C K a .'1 PaGoqwe KaaGacHux npejnpiiHTHfi LLInpHHGaxa b rop. rieTponaB- aobckg 30 ceHTnGpn oG-mibhah 3a6acToaKy, npeA'bHBHB BJiazieAbuaM SKOHONthhcckhc TpeGoBanHH. E ma H36pan CTaqeqHWM KOMHTer. B xoae 3aGacTOBKH bo3hhk npo({>coio3 paGoqnx Ko.aGacHbix npe/uipHH- THH, KOTOpblH oGpaTHACfl C B033B3HHeM K paGoHHM TOp. I IeTponaBJIOB- CKa. B neM roBopn^ocb: «ToBapHmH paGoqwe! PaGonwe KOAGacHofi «3KcnopT» oGt^abhah ee BJia;ieAbij.aM LLInpuHGax 3aGacroBKy h cboh Mccra noA GoAkotom. ToBapniHH! H e 3aHHMaflTe HauiH MecTa, He cpbiBaiiTe 3aGacTOBKH, no,fmep>KHBaHTe iiac!>5 3a6acTOBKa paGowHx KOAGacnux npeAnpHHTHH 3aKOHHHAacb noGe- AOh. 3Ha4HTejibHaa qaerb TpeGoBaHHfi paGoMHx GbiJia yAOBACTBo- peHa, GbijiH B03upamenbi na paGoTy 18 yeoACHHbix paGoqnx.6• • U rA O P KaaCCP, $. 23. on. 1. r . 1. ji. 71. 2 TaM >Ke. 3 C6. flOKyMCHTOB «OMCK B JHH OKTn6pn H ycraHOB^eHHH COBeTCKOH BJiaC- th», 1947, CTp. 209. 4 ra3eTa ^CTenHaa pc«ii>», JS$ 226, 6 onmCpa 1917 r. 5 TaM >Ke, 225, 4 okth6p « 1917 r. h JVe 226, 6 oKTnCpn 1917 r. 6 TaM >kc. 5— 1201 65

1 OKTHtfpa 1917 roAa n OMCKe Hauajiacb saOacTOBKa, oxBaTHBiuan Bee npc^npHHTHH MeTaAAoo6 pa6 aTbiBaK)m.efir iipoMbiuiAeHHOCTH. P a - OoHHe, pyKOBOAHMue OoAbuieBHKaMH, TpeOoBaAH yBejiHHeHHH 3ap- ruiaTbi, bbcachhh 8-nacoBoro paOoHero ahh, ycranoBJieHHH pa6owero KOHTpOJIH UaA npOHSBOACTBOM.1 K MeTa.'MHCT3M npHCOeAHHHJIHCb paCoMHe O.MCKofi 3AeKTpocTaHUHH.12 Vcneniiio npouuia TaK>Ke 3a6acTOBKa pa6 oHHX h cjiyjKamwx O m - ckoh >Keae3uofi Aoporn.3 noA BJiHHHHeM pa3BepTbiBanmeHcn 6opb6 bi omckhx npo/ieTapneB ycHAHBaJiacb cTanenHaH 6opb6a pa6oHHX HeTporiaBAOBCKa. 19 ok- Tfi6pH 1917 roAa ycneiUHO 3aKoimHAacb 6opb6a paOonux neTponaB- JiOBCKofi THnorpa4>HH «CoTpyAHHHecTBO», a o Ohbiuhxcji noBbuiieHHH 3apn.iaTbi na 120 npoucHTOB.4 noA BJIHHIlHeM peBOJTlOUHOHHOH 6opb6bI paSOMHX, OCeHblO 1917 roAa pocjio arpapnoe h nauHonaAbHO-oCBoGoAHTejibHoe ABH>KeiiHe. K a 3axcKwe TpyAHUinecfl Maccbi, y 6e>KAancb na coOcTBennoM onbi- Te b aiiTHHapoAHOM xapaKTepe BpeMemioro npaBHTeJibCTBa, a T3K>Ke (5yp>Kya3HO-IJaUHOHaJIHCTHHeCKHX «BepXOB», oO'beAHHHBLUHXCH B T3K HaabmaeMbie KHprH3CKiie KOMHierbi h napTHio «A jia iii», ece peiim- TCAbHee nepexoAH.in k OTKpbiTbiM cJ)opMaM 6opb6u KaK npoTHB koao- HnajibHOH noAHTHKH pyccKofi 0yp>Kya3HH, TaK h npoTHB rHera 6 aea- (J)eoAajioB. noA BAHHHHeM ocBoOoAHTeAbnwx HAeft HauMOHaAbHou nporpaM- Mbl OOAblHeBHCTCKOft UapTHH H OOAbUlOfi pAS'bHCHHTeAbilOH paOOTbl MecrHblX OOJIbllieBHKOB K33aXCKHC TpyAHlUHeCH, OCB06o>KAaHCb OT uauHOiiaAHCTHqecKHx npeApaccyAKOB, peuiHreAbHo craHOBHAHCb noA 3iiaMH 6opb6 bi poccHflcKoro npoAeTapiiaTa. TpyAHiunecH Ka3axn A kmoahhckoh oOaacth HacwAbCTBeiiHo 3a- XBaTbiBaAH cBoOoAHbie 3CMAH, otmc>kcba hhbie y hhx nepeceAeime- CKHMH yqpe>KAeHH5IMH, a T3K>Ke 36MAH OaeB, KyjiaKOB H Ka33MbCft BepxyuiKH. B Kiawajie 1917 roAa Ka3axcKa*i OeAnoTa CnaccKOH h B afiAaBjieHCKoii BojiocTen A kmoahhckofo ye3Aa aaxBaTHAa ceHOKoebi y KpyinieHiiiero 6a$i MeHp6eKa MaAWpOBa.5 Ka3axcKne TpyAHiuneca A kmoahhckoh h CeMHnajiaTHHCKOH oOAacTeft nacHAbcrueHHo 3a- XBaTbiBaAH 36MAH ocJuuiepcKO-aTaMaHCKOH BepxyuiKH C hOhpckoto Ka3anbero BOHCKa.6 XeCTOKO paCnpaBAHHCb C Ka3SXCKHMH TpyAfllUHMHCH, Boopy>KeH- hoh cHJiofi noAaBAHH hx 6opb6y 3a 3gmaio, .BoftcKOBaa ynpaBa C h- OnpcKoro Ka3aqbero BOHCKa oGpam/iacb k CT>e3Ay K333xckhx 6yp- >Kya3Hbix HauHOHaAHCTOB, npoxoAHBiueMy b aBryere 1917 roAa b 1 C6. 5f>KyMej7roB «O mckh6 OojibuieBHKH b 6opb6e 3a BJiacrb Cobctob* 1952, crp. 222. 2 Taxi jkc. ■ 3 fa3eTa «CrenHafl pe«ib», *fe 225, 4 OKTaCpa 1917 r. h Me 226, 6 oKrafip* iy i • r. A TaM jKe, Ms 240, 31 oktb6pji 1917 r. 5 TocapxHB Omckoh oOJiacTH, 4). 1111, on. 1, a 4. ji. 207 0 Taaera «O mckhh rejierpact»», Me 178, 18 aBrycTa 1917 r 66

OpeH6 ypre, c Tpe6 oBaiiHCM npH3BaTb Ka3axcKoc HaceAeHne «cnoKoft- ho O/KH^aTb pa3pemeiiHJi Bcex 3eMejibHbix cnopoB h HeAOpa3yMeHHfi y 4p(\\aHTe*ribHbiM co6 paHHeM»‘ . A kmojihhck3 h oCjiacTiian 3eMCjibiiaa ynpaBa o6 paTHJiacb k o6jiacTHOMy KHprH3CKOMy komhtcty c npn- 3biBOM «BnecTH ycnoKoeiiHC» b Ka3axcKoe nacevieHiie. Ho Bee 3th npH3biBbi h oCpameHHH ycrrexa He HMejin. O hh Aiiujb y 6 c>KAajiH na- 3axcKHe TpyAmUHecn Maccu b aiiTHnapoAHOH nonHTHKe scepoB, MeHb- uicbhkob, 6yp>Kya3Hbix HauHOHaviHCTOB, b hx HOKCAamm. peniHTb HacymiiCHimic Bonpocu pcboaiouhh. PeBOJiiouHOHHafi 6opb6a Ka3axcKHX TpyAnuuixcH 3a 3e\\uno npo- AOA>KaAa 6bicTpo HapacTaTb. C neAbio ocAa6HTb sto ABH>KeHne o6- AacTiian 3eMejibHaji ynpaBa no corAamenmo c KHprnacKHM KOMHre- tom BbiHy>KAena 6bi.na npHHnrb pemeHne o pacnpeAeACHHH bo Bpe- Memioe noAb30BaHHe Ka3axcKoro HaceACHHH cbo6oahlix ynacTKOB 3ewjiH, ustHTbix pariee y Ka3axOB.21 B o 3 M ym e H n e K a 3 a x c ia ix T p y^ n m u x cn Macc npcAaTCAbCKoft no- ahthkoh 6aHCKo-HaunonajiHCTHHecKHx BepxoB nee Maine BbiAHBa./iocb b OTKpbiTbie BbicTynJieHHn. B H ana.ie oKTsiOpn Ka3axcKan CeAHora apec/roBaJia b ro p . O mckc MAeno» A kmoahhckofo o6.aacTH oro K iip rH 3- CKoro k o m HTeTa. 3 to BbiCTynAeiine 6bi.no no^aiwieno Ka33KaM H n MHjiHUHeii BpeM eH H oro npaBirreAbCTBa.3 P oct pcBO.nioiiHoim oro ABiiw enH n KasaxcRHx TpyAtfinuxcn Macc no.nnocTbio n o a t b e p >k aaa ACHHiiCKoe noAo^Keiuie o t o m , mto «um po- K a n M a cca n a c e A e iin n yrneTeHHbix n au n ft, r . e. w acca .weAKoft 6yp- >Kya3HH cpeAH iih x , AOBepneT n p O A e T a p n a iy P occhh d o A b u ie , MeM 6yp>Kya3HH... On (n p o jie T a p n a T — 77. n . ) h m c g t 3a co 6 o ft 6oAb- UIHHCTBO H apO A a»4.5 Pa3pyxa, AOporoBH3Ha, npoAOBOAbCTBeniibift i<pn3HC, oxeaTHB- IIIHft CTpaHy, KOCHyAHCb H A kMOAHHCKOH 06v'iaCTH, XOT5I 3ACCb hmc- AHCb orpoM Hbie xAedHbie 3anacbi. B oC3ope no A k m o a h h c k o h o6jia* cth TAaBH oro ynpaBAenun m h a h u h h MmiHCTepCTBa BiiyTpeHHHX AeJi 3 OKTn6pn 1917 ro A a roBopnAocb, mto «b ye3Aax Ha noMBe HeAOCTar- na MaHyt{)aKTypbi npoHCxoAJn BOAHeunn n caMOcyAM naA TOproB- naMH. M h a h u iih tfeccHAbiia. Ha6AK>AaAHCb cjiynan HacnAHH HaA MH.iHnneft»s. B HaMaJie o k t h 6 p h 1917 roA a b O m c k c , FleTponaBAOBCKe h Apy- thx ro p O A a x o 6 jiacT H npoH 30iiiAH OTKpbiTbie BbiCTynAeunn p a 60Mnx, noAAep>KaHHbie ropoACKoft 6eAHOToii H co/maTaMH. 2 0 K T fl6 p n Ha noMBe n o B b im e iin n nen na Myny h A p y r n e npoAyKTbi ncpB o ft ue o 6 xo - ah m o ctm nanajiHCb cepbe3»bie b o a h c h h h b O m c k c . «}Kenm HHbi,— ro- BOpHAOCb b T eA erpaM M e A k m o a h h c k o p o o 6 A a c T iio ro K o w n c c a p a B p e - MeHMOMy npaBHTejibCTBy,— oca>KAaAH npoAOBOAbCTBCHiihie y n p a B h i h 1 Ta3eTa «OMCKHfi Tejierpa$», Ne 178, 18 aBrycra 1917 r. 2 ra 3eTa «CTCTiHaH pe«ib», JST? 207, 10 cenTnOpH 1917 r. 3 rocapXHB CeB.-Ka3axcT. o6 n., cp. 55, on. 8 , a . 5, jui 1— 24; ra3eTa «C h- 6 npcKan pc«ib», 24 okthOph 1917 r. * B. H. J l e HHK. Com., t. 26, crp. 74. 5 U fA O P CCCP, 4). 406, on. 5, a - 52, a. 24. 5 * 67

jia B K H , T p e fiy n c io h h jkg h h h u g h [» a ] n p o A yK T b i ncpBow ifco6 xoah- MOCTH. 3 OKTflSptf BOAHCHHH npoAOA/KajIHCb, npOHCXOjIH.TH MaCCOBbie MHTHIirH»1. U o jx ASBJieHHGM IJLJHpOKHX Tpyj3.HUI.HXCH MaCC IlpOAOBOJIb- CTBeHHaH ynpaBa npHHHJia nocTaHOiuieime o npoAa>KC MyKH no cra- pbi.M TBcp;ibiM uenaw. OjHaKO 3to ne m om o y>Ke yAOBACTBopHTb Mac- Cbl. 4 OKTH^pn Hapo/t CTa.’I CO(5wpaTbCH OKOAO IipOAOBO./IbCTBeHHbIX jia bok h nacTHbix Mara3HHOB, Tpe6yn ynpa3AHeiiHH npOAOBOAbCTBeH- Hbix ynp^p. IlHKaKHe yroBopbi coraauiaTeJibCKHX napTHH, MeHbiucBH- KOB H acepOB lie B03WMC.1H ACHCTBHH. H TOJIbKO BM3B3HHbIM B0HCK3W yjan ocb pacceHTb Tonnbi napoAa. B wjih npoH3BeAciibi MHoroqucnen- Hbie apccTbi.2 4 okth6 ph 1917 m aa b rop. FleTponaBnoBCKe npoH30iujiH BUCTyn- jieHHH CQwT/JLaTOK, HanpaBJiCHHbiG npoTHB noBbimeiiHH uen iia Myxy n cnenyAHUHH MecTHbix ToproBuce. Co6 paBiiiaHCH y Mara3HiioB h y 3 j\\ a - hhh npoAOBOiibCTBehhoft yripaBbi Macca HapoAa TpeOoBana chh/kg- HHH LieH. ripHCblBlUHft K MGCTy npOHCUieCTBHH Cy,ie6 HblH npHCTSB HuiMyxaMeTbeB, H3BCCTHbIH CBOefi peaKUHOHHOH AeHTeJIbHOCTbfO, 6 po- cha npOBOKaunoHHbiH OTBeT: « E cjih Aoporo, ne noKynafiTe». Bo3My- uieHHbie cojiAaTKH h3(5hjih HiUMyxaMeTbCBa. Pa3bicKann h hsGhjih npeAceAare.'iH npoAOBonbCTBeiuioii ynpaBbi. Macca HapoAa noAOiwia k Mara3HHy TaHUiHHa, KOTopbifl 6 bin 3aKpbiT. Cobctom padoqnx* h coJuaTCKHx AenyTaroB 6 bina a m a n a komhcchh H3 10 qeAOBeK a ah ocMOTpa 3anaca TOBapoB. B ueAHx pacnpanbi c HapacTaBiunM abhjkchhcm KomppeBomo- UHOHHbie 6ypa<ya3Hbie ancMeiiTbi cnpoBomipoBann norpoM, bo ape* mh KOToporo 6 bino pa3rpoMAeHo h noAoxoKeno necKonbKo Mara3H- HOB. OAH3K0 fleTpOFiaBAOBCKOMy CoBCTy pa6oHHX H COAAaTCKHX AenyTaTon c nowonibio coAAaT 33-ro 3anacHoro C hChpckoto noAKa yAanocb npexpaTHTb norpoM. CoAAaTbi OTo6 panH Harpa6neHHoe KOHTppeBOJFIOUHOHFFbFMH 3ACMCHTaMH HMymeCTBO H TipenpOBOAHAH eTO b C obct.3 Ha noMOiiib rieTponaB-ioBCKOMy CoBeTy H3 O mcks npn- 6 bWH T3 K>Ke coJiAaTbi 26 h 37-ro iioakob (370 cojia3 t ) h padoqan Apy>KHna b KonHHecTBc 125 acaobck.4 FleTponaBJFOBCKHH C obct patfoMHx h conAaTCKHx AenyiaTOB, 0 6 - CyAHB COCbITHH 4 OKTH6 pH, nOCTailOBHA yCHJFHTb 6 opb6 y CO CnCKyjIH- uncft, Ann qei'o npeA»rio>KHji npoH3BecTn rmaTeAbiibift yqeT Hanumibix TOBapoB h HopMHpoBarb uenbi. 6 okth6 ph 1917 roAa 6 bina c03Aana cneuHajFbHaH cneACTBCiiHaH komhcchh «n o paccAeAOBaHHio cneKynn- THBHOft AeJFTeJFbHOCTH MCCTHblX TOprOBUCB»5. CoBeT nocTaiiOBHvi opraHH30BaTb H3 co3iiaTeAbHhix pa6 oqnx Kpac- Hyio rBapAHio Ann coBMecTHoft c conAaTaMH 6 opb6 bi c noF'poMaMH H KOHTppeBOHFOUHOHCpaMH, a THKJKe HCMCAACHHO npHCTyIFHTb K pa3T>- HCHHTCAbHofi pa6oTe cpeAH iiaceneiiHH ropoAa.6 ~ L ir A O P CCCP, (t). 406, on. 5, a. 232, jiji. 9— 13. 2 T am >Ke. 3 TaM we, c|). 1235, on. 78, jx. 51, Jt. 25. 4 Taw » e , (}). 406, on. 6 . a. 232, n. 9. 5 Paocra «CTenHan peMb>, Ns 227, 7 okthGph 1917 r. c IlfA O P KaaCCP, (J>. 23, on. 1, a. 1, jiji. 79—80. 68

17 OKTflCpH AKMOAHHCKHft ye3JHblft KOMHCCap AOHOCHJI o TOM, MTO B « A k MOJIHHCKC... B03MO>KHO B03HHKH0BCHHC CcCriOpHAKOB Iia nonce npoiiOBOJibCTBHH». B u en ax npe^oTBpameuMH boahchhh oCaa- cthoh KOMHccap HanpaBHJi b A kmoahhck 3anacHbie BoftcKOBbie qacTH. 1 A kmOJIHHCKHH o6.iaCTHOH CoBCT KpCCTbHHCKHX AcnyTaTOB, o6cy- AHB npoAOBO^bCTBCunbift eonpoc, noeraHOBHA norpetfOBaTb HeMe jl- JieHHoro npmiHTHji Mcp no nopMupoBKe neti Ha npe^MeTbi nepBofi neo6 xo;uiM0cTH h paBtioMepHOMy pacnpeAeJieHHio hx m o k a y ropoAOM h AepeBHe^; npeAOCTaBACHHH npoAOBOAbCTBenHbtM KOMHTCTaM npaoa PGKBH3HUHH npOAyKTOB, yKpblBaCMblX MaCTIlbIMH ToprOBUaMH; npe- KpameiiHH npoH3BOACTBa npcAMeTOB pocKOUin; BBeAeuHn rocyAapcr- bchhoh MononojiHH na nee npe/iMeTbi nepBOH hco6 xoahmocth; BBC/te- HHH BCeoClUefl TpyAOBOH nOBHHHOCTH.2 B yoroBHHX 6 bic.Tpo napacTaBwero peBo/iiounonHoro KpH3Hca 6o.lbIIieBHKH AKMOAHHCKOfi o6A3CTH, yKpen.THH CBOH pHAbl, noA py* koboactbom U K napTHH beAH cpeAH TpyAJimuxoi Mace patfoTy nOA A03yuro.M «B cn BAaCTb CoBeT3M!». 3 tot ji03yHr 6oAbiueBHKOB Bee Combine oBJiaAC.Baji pafionHMn h coaa3TCkhmh MaccaMH. CaMHM xo- AOm codbiTHft He To.ibKO patfonne npo.Mbim.ieHHbix panoiiOB, ho h TpyABtUHeCH OKpami nOABOAHAHCb K lieoCxOAHMOCTH COUHaAHCTHMe- CKOH peBOAFOUHH. MaCCbl 6 l>lCTpO OTXO.T.HT OT MeHbHieBHKOB H 3cep0B h cnAaMHBaiorcH BOKpyr 6ojibUjeBHCTCKOH napthh, Tpe6yn nepexoAa babcth b pyKH C obctob. Ta«, no hhhuHaTHBe CoAbineBHKOB rierpo- naBJioBCKHH CoBeT 18 0KT5i6pn 1917 roAa, o6c>'ahb HaKa3 AcnyTaiy, yexaBLueMy b IleTporpaA na II BcepoccnficKHif ci>e3A C obctob, npti- hhji peuiemie «TeAerpa4mo nocABTb nai<a3 roAocoBarb 3a riepexoA B/iacTH k CoBeraM». 3 tot nyiiKT dbiA ymep>KAen rieTponabaobckhm Cobctom 25 OKTnCpa 1917 roAa c AonoAHeiine.M «3a nepexoA BAacTM k CoBeTaM padoqHx, cojircItckhx h KpecTbHjicKHx AenyraTOB»3. CiKToqeHHK) TpyAHinHxca Macc BOKpyr CoAbiueoHCTCKOH napTHH cnoco6cTBOBajw pocT h yKpcnAOHHe 6o.abUjeBHCTCKHx rp yn n BHyTpn oSTDeAHHenfibix couHaji-AeMOKparHqecKHx opraifH3aunft, pa3phiB hx C MCHbUJeBHKaMH H 06pa30BaiIHe CaMOCTOBTOMlbHblX 6 0 .1bIIjeBHCTCKHX opraHH3aunft b oC/iacTH. UCHTpaAbHblH KOMHTer napTHH npHCTSAbHO CAGAHA sa pOCTOM ii Aem eAbH ocrbio mojioamx 6oAbineBHCTCKHx rpynn h opraHH3au.Hii na BOCTonnbix OKpaHHax, 0Ka3binaA hm BcnnecKyio noMomb. O n o6ecne- hhb3a hx AHTepaTypoH, ra3eT3MH, AaBan yKa33HHH CKopec nopaarb cbh3h c M e H b U i e o H K a M H , aKTHunee 6opoTbca 3a M accw. U K napTHH noA/iep>KHBaA nepeim cKy c O mckhm komhtctom P C U P n , komht6tom I^C/IPIU G ) (j3a6pHKH >KnpHKOBa O mckoto yc3Aa A kmoahhckoh o6- AacTH, c CoAbmeBHKa.MH rieT p o n a baohcka qepe3 6oAbmeBHKa IIobo- AoiiKoro, KyAbTypno-npocBCTHTeAbHbiM i<py>KKOM PoccoxHHa PoM ana CepreeBHna ceAa PyccKan FloAHna CTennoBCKoft boaocth A kmoahh- ' IU 'A O P CCCP, 4). 406, on. 6 . r . 52, jiji. 14— 16. 2 r a 3CTa Ch6 mph», N? 12, 17 okth6 ph 1917 r 3 U fA O P KaaCCP. 4>. 23, on. 1, a . 1, Ji. 82. 69

CKOH otfjiaCTH H AP- DoJIbUieBHCTCKaH OpraHM3aUHH (j)a(5pHKH >Knp5T- Kooa y>Ke k V I cr>C3Ay napTHH HMCJia b cbohx paAax 380 4ne~ HOB1. PyKOBOACTByaCb AHpCKTHBaMH U K P C / l P n ( 6 ) t 60JIbUieBHKH A k- MOAHIlCKOft OdviaCTH yCHAHBaAH 6opb6y npOTHB MeilblUCBHKOB. 12 OKTHtipH 1917 roAa Ha o6 weM coOpaunn O mckoA oO^eAHHeHiiOH co- UHaji-AeMOKpaTHHCCKOii opraHH3au.HH no Bonpocy o Bbi6opax b Y h- peAHTCAbHoe co6paH iie 6ojibiunHCTBO HAeHOB napTHH ro;iocOBa.rio 3a 60JlbUieBHCTCKyK) pe3OAIOUHl0. Ha 3TOM COOpailHH 60AbllieBHKH OKOHMareAbHo paspbmaioT cbh3h c MeHbiueBHKaM H-HmepHamiona- AHCTaMH H 0(J)0pMJlHK)TCH B CaMOCTOHTeAbHyiO OoAbmCBHCTCKyiO opraiiH3auHio. U K napTHH ropnno npHneTcrnonaA noOeAy omckhx COAbLHCBHKOB H npHCOeAHHCHHe O mCKOH OprailH3aU.HH K OOAblljeBHCT- CKOH napTHH.2 Oll>OpMAeHHe CaMOCTOHTeAbHOH 6oJlbIueBHCTCKOM OpraHII3aUHH B OMCKe yCKOpHAO pa3pblB CBH3eft c. MeHblHCBHKaMH B rieTpOliaBJIOB- ckc, KOTOpbiH npoH3omeji 16 HOflOpa 1917 roAa, h BWAeJieiiHC 6oAb- meBHCTCKHx rpynn b KoKMeTaBe, A kmoahhckc h AT6acape. U K 6oAbiueBHCTCKoft napTHH b nncbMax CpeAHecnOupcKOMy 6 iopo P C , n p n (6 ), a TaK>Ke OMCKOMy KOMHTeTy, H. H. 5?K0R.neBy. B. Ko- capeoy fe ApyrHM TpeOonaA ycKopHTb oObeAHHeHHe 3anaAHo-CH6np- ckhx opraiiH3auHH b otfjiacTnyio opraHH3auHK>. Ha 3aaBACHne H. H. HKoivneBa (npeAceAaTejia CpeAnecwOupCKoro 6 iopo P C / J p n (6 ) b r. O mckc) o tom, hto b 3anaAHOH C hOhph, KpoMe O mck8. neT 6oJib- LueBHCTCKHX opraiiH3auHH, U K napTHH noripaBHA CpeAiiecH6 HpcKoe 6iopo P C Z IP II(6 ), yKa3aji aApeca GoAbineBHCTCKHX opraHH3auHft, COBCTOBaA yCraHOBHTb C HHMH CBH3b, nOMOHb HM otfbeAHHHTb CBOH chaw. B riHcbMe H. ^KOBAeny U K napTHH 7 HOnOpn 1917 roAa nh- caA: «B w nnuieTe... hto mm peniHAH acao 6e3 xo3HHna orHocHTOAb- iio pa3Me>KeBaHHH Ha BocTOHHyio h 3anaAHyio Cntfapb, h cooOmae- Te, 4To na 3anaAe hot unnero, Kpo.Me O mckb. Hey>KejiH >Ke b To- 6 oAbCKe neT Hunero? A KypraH (foroACBCKaa v a ., a . fa.nfiHHHa, H. 91. 5IcTp>KeM6cKOMy) ? KaKHe y Bac otholuchhh co ct. Bawenooo O mckoh >k. a . (^aOpHKa >KnpHK0Ba, komhtct P C j^ P f l)? CBasaHu ah B w c BaroToaoM (paOonHH KAy6 HHTepHauHOHaAHCTOB) h H h>khhm T arHAOM (o 6mecTBo noTpeOmeAeH. HpaBAeiiHc), 11eTpon qbaobckom , A kmoahiickoA oOAacTH ( FIoboaoukhh) , TypHHCKOM ( ripe3HAHyM Co- BeTa paOoMHx h coaA3Tckhx AenyTaTOB), TioMenbio (K omhtct P C A P n )? MoHceT ObiTb, 3th cBeAeHHH noMoryT BaM?»3. BOAbUiyiO pOAb B CnAOHCHHH LUHpOKHX HapoAiibix Macc o6.naCTH BOKpyr 60AblfJCBHCTCK0H napTHH HFpaAH arHT3TOpbI, KOTOpblX HOCbl- Jiajih cioAa napTHfiHbie opraHH3auHH HeTporpaAa, M ockbh, YpaAa, O mcks. O tahhhwmh arHTaTopaMH 6 burn tbk>ko coAAaTbi-6oAbineBH- KH, B03BpaiAaBHIHecn C (JjpOHTa, a T3K>Ke Ka3aXHt B03BparHBIHHeCH C TblAOBWX pa60T B pOAHbie MCCTa. 1 >Kyp-HaA «HcTopHtiecKHH apxHB», N s 5, 1956, crp. 43. 2 TaM >Ke, crp. 31. 3 ApxHB HMJ1 npn U K KflCC, (}). 17, on. 1, c a xp. 82. ji. 14. 70

B cbh3h c Bbi6 opaMH b YnpeAHTevibHoe eo6 paHHe O mckbh opra- HH3au.HH, iiacHHTbiBaBiuaH 1 700 MJieHOB1, HanpaBHjia <iepe3 rierpo- naBJiOBCK b ye3Abi h bojiocth A kmoahiickoh oO.iacTH 35 armaTOpoB- 6 o;ibiueBHKOB.2 B ceiiTH^pe 1917 r o n a b rop. KoKMeTao Bepuyjica c (JjpoiiTa Ka3an M. B. n o p o x , BCTynHBiiiHft b HfOHe 1917 rojia Ha cJ)po»Te b HJieHbi 6 o.abllICBHCTCKOH napTHH H nO.nyHHBIJLIHH OnblT IiapTHHHOH padOTH B waccax. BwecTe c MecTUbiMH 6 o.nbiueBHKaMH CewenoM h HaaHOM M ctcaobumh, H. M . AeMCUKHM, B. B huihhkobnm, A. K. BopoAyaH* HbiM h ApyrwMH oh B03iviaBH.-i C>opb6 y 3a ycTahob/iehho ConeTCKoft B«iacTH b ye3Ae.3 MecTHbie Oo^buiCBHCTCKHC opraiiHsauHH h rpynnbi, ycHJieHHbie aniTaTopaMH-opraHH3aTopaMH, nputviaHHbiMH U K napTHH, a t 3k>kc BGpHyBUlHMHCH C (|)pOHTa COJIAaTaMH-tfOAbLIieBHKaMH, B03rYiaBHAH 6 o p b 6 y 3a ycTaiiOB;ieHHe CoBeTCKow BJiacrH b oO.nacTH. *** B pe3yjibTaTe notfeAOHocHoro bocct3Hhh b IleTporpaAe 6bLio CBeprayTo 6yp>Kya3Hoe BpcweHHoe npaBHTe-ibCTBo, h H;iacTb nepeuuia B pyKH COB0TOB. ITotfeAa OKTSlOpbCKOTO BOOpy>KeHHOrO BOCCTaHHH b ueHTpe P occhh HMeJia peniaFomee 3HanenHe j ij ik ycraHOBJieHHH Co- BercKoft B.iacTH u a OKpawnax crpaHbi. nepBbiMH b AKMo^HHCKoii o6 ;iacTH y3na.ni o no5e;ie BeJiHKOH OKTH^pbCKOft COUHa.'THCTHHeCKOH peBOJTIOUHH, Of5 HCTOpHHCCKHX RCK- peTax, /ipHHmwx II BcepoccHHCKHM ci>e3^0iM CoueroB, pa6 oHHc h coAAaTbr O.MCKa h neiponas^oBCKa. Ha codpamiax h MHTHurax ohm ropario npHBCTCTBOBa.TH npo.icrapHar neTporpaAa. P a 6oHHe ctpohkh yupaB.ieHHH O mckoh >K<vre3noii Aoporn nbiCKa3a.mch 3a to, h t o6n « 6 bhvi npHHHTbi OKcrpeHHbie \\iepbi a *th ornpaBKH x.ie6 a H3 Cn6 npH BHe oqepeAH b IleTporpaA, Aa6 bi noAAep>KaTb TOBapumew: b TH>Ke- .aoi'i CSopbOe 3a co3Aanne BJiacTH peBo.nounoHHoft pa6oqcft n KpecTb- hhckoh ziewoKpaTHH, aah Hero mojkho ocTanoBHTb BpeMenno nacca- >KHpc.Koe ABH>KeHHe...»4. P a 6 oHHe noipeCoBajiH iieMeAAenno nepcAaTb BCK> Bviacrb B pyKH CoBeTOB paOOMHX, COJIAaTCKHX H KpeCThHHCKHX AenyTaTOB; Boopy>KHTb paCowix r j i h 3amHTbi pe30.<ijoh.hu, nepcxaaTb oxpaHy npeAnpHHTHH s pyKH cawnx patfoHHX, upoBecTH b >KH3iib KOiiTpoAb h sa npoH3BoACTBOM h pacnpeAejieiiHeM, BBecni Bceo6 myK) TpyAOByfO noBHHHOCTb, 3aKAK)lIHTb MHp H nepeA3Tb Bee 3e.MJIH B paCI!OpH>KeHHC KpeCTbHIICKHX 3eMeJIbHbIX KOMHTCTOB.5 AnaJiorHHHbie peiueHHH 6 liah upmiHTbi iia Murunrax patfoHHX ApyrHx npeAnpuHTHfi O mck3, a TaK>Ke pa6 oHHMH KOHcepBHoro 3a- BOAa, Aei/o h Apyrux npeAnpHHTHH IlcTponaBAOBCKa. ‘ >Kypnaji «HcTopHqecKHtt apxHB», Ns 6 , 1956, CTp. 63. 2 ra 3 era «Cn6 npcKan peqb», 17 okth6p » 1917 r. 3 ApxHB Ka34>HJiHajia HM/I, 841, BocnoMHHaHHe M. B. no|x>xa. 4 <26. floK. «O mckhc 6 anbuiGBHKH b 6 opb6 e 3 a B J ia c r b C o b € t o d » , 1952, CTp. 45. 5 TaM >ne, CTp. 46. 71

BojihiueBHKH pa3BepHyjiH opraHH3anHfo KpacHorBapjaeiicKHX ot- pH/IOB H3 pa60lIHX 3SBO/IOB, (jiaOpHK, ^e.ie3HO^OpO>KHhIX MaCTepCKHX h £eno. K noadpio b OMCKe HMe^ocb y>Ke oko.io 3 Tbicaq KpacHo- rBapAeHUCB. 1 ycneumo iu/io cJiopMHpoBaiiHe Kpaciioft rBapAHH b ricTponaBJiOB- cKe. K cepe^HHe OKTfldpjr b Hee 3anHcajiocb okojio 100 mcjiobck, H3 hhx nojiOBHHa — >KeJie3Hoaopc»KHbie padomne.^ Bbi.no co3AaHo ABa OTp*ma: ropoacKOH h >Ke/ie3HO^opo>KHbu'i.123 Ecwibiuoe BHHMaHHe doAb- rneBHKH ncTponaBJioBCKa y/iejin.iH Boopy?Kenmo Kpacnoft reapAHH, no^roTOBKe ee k dopbde npoTHB KOHTppeBo^iou.nH 3a BAacn> Coee- TOB. ^IpwMH 3am.HTHHKa.Mn dypiKyasHoro crpon BbiCTyna;ui acepu h MCHbmcBHKH. I\"IoAb3yHCb cjiadocxbio padouero K.nacca b od.nacTH, ohh BMe d e c 0yp>«ya3HbiMH HauHOHaAHCTaMH nbna^HCb BocnpennTCTBO- BaTb yCTaHOBJieHHFO CoBeTCKOll B.iaCTH. C nojiynenHeM H3BecTHji o nodeae coimajiHCTiraecKOH pcbojuouhh b ueiiTpe dopbda MeiKAy CojibiueBUKaMH, c oahoh ctopohu, h scepa- MH H MeHbllieBHKaMH, nOiWepJKHBaeMblMH BCeMH 6yp>Kya3HHMH op- raHH3au.HHMH, c ApyroH, eme dojibine ycHJimiacb. 3 to naui.no csoe npoHBJieHHe KaK Ha codpaiinax padoqwx h cojiAaT, Tax w b CoBeiax padoqHx h coJi/iaTCKHx AenyTaTOB, b od'beAHHeHHbix comia.i-^eMO- KpaTHHeCKHX OprailH3aHHHX. 31 oKT5i6 pa iia uacTHOM coBemanHH h jic h o b CoBexa padomix h cojmaTCKHx AenyiaTOB, rue npHcyTCTBOBaJio ucero 42 qeAOBCKa, b o c h o b h o m acepu, 6w;ia npiiHHTa pe30/jjouiiH, b Koropofl pe3KO ocy>K- jriajrocb Boopy>KeHHoe BoccTanne neTporpaACKHx pado h h x h coAAar.4 Ho 3t o peiueime h b h o He coorBeTCTBOBaJio odmeMy HacTpoemiio padoqHx h co.»iAaT, HacToi’mHBo TpeOoBaBiiiHx Ha c b o h x codpaiiHHx npii3HaHiia CoueTCKoro npaBHTe.‘ibCTBa bo r^aBe c B. H. JleHHHUM h B3HTHJ1 MeCTHLJM CoBeTOM BCeH B^I3CTH. HaCTpOCHHH paOOHHX H COJT- ^aTCKHx Macc nauuiH CBoe Bbipawenne na onepeAHOM 3ace^anHii FleT- ponaBJiOBCKoro CoBeTa 8 iiotfdpa. Ho AOKAaAy o TenymeM MoiweHTe pa3Bepiiyjincb ocTpbie AedaTbi. BbicTymieHHH GoAbLueBHKOB jjydbi- liHiia, TpauescKoro h Apyrnx b c t p c t h a h noAAep>KKy doAbiUHHCTBa CoBCTa. B npHIIHTOH pe30vlf0HHH O TCKymeM MOMGHTe, HCCMOTpa Ha neKOTopyio Herioc;ieAOBaTe*7bHocTb ce, ocy>KAa.aacb no^HTHKa CBepr- HyToro BpeMeHHoro npaBHTCJibCTBa.5 B pe30.iiomm roBopHJiocb, m o «BIfeUIHHfl H BHyTpeHHHH, B OCOdeHHOCTH, (|)HHaHCOBaH H X03HHCTBeH- naa nojiHTHKa KOa,iHUHoiHioro BpeMeimoro npaBHTe/ibCTBa Obixa HanpaB.neHa k oxpane iniTepecoB KarrHTa/ia npoxHB HmepecoB npo- JieTapnaTa h KpeCTbaiicKOH AeMoxpaTHH. rioAHTHKa 3Ta HenpepbiBiio TOJiKaAa npo^eTapnar h co.iiiaTCKne Maccw k aKTHBiibiM BbiCTymie- HHHM flpOTHB KOa.lHUHOlIlIOH B.T3CTH, 3a C03AaHHe lIOBOft peBO.llO- 1 CO. aox. «O.MCKne 6o^buiCBHKH b OopbOe 3a u^acTb CooeTOB*, 1952, crp. 46. 2 I'a3era «ile^o ChOhph», Xe 22, 26 OKTaOpa 1917 r. 3 JK6. 4 U rA O P ’ KaaCCP, 23, on. I, a. 1, ji. 83. 5 Ta.w ?Ke. 72

UHOHHofi BJiacTH, cnoco6Hoft cjiy>KHTb HHTepecaM pa6onero KJiacca h iieMOKpaTHqecKoro KpecTbHHCTBa*1*. rieTponaajioBCKHft CoBer paftowix h caa^aTCKHx AenyTaTOB npn- 3H3JT HeoCxO/lHMbIM C03,TaTb H3 MeCTaX peBOJUOUHOHHbie KOMHTeTbl, B COCTaB KOTOpbIX BOHJJIH 6bl npeilCTaBHTeJIH BCCX ^eMOKpaTHMeCKHX opraiiH3auHH, CToamHx Ha tohkc 3peHHH neiionycTHMOCTH noAaBJie- HHH B0CCT8BIIIHX patfOMHX H COJIJiaT, HeBO3M0>KH0CTH HOCCTailOBJie- hhh B.T3CTH BpcMeHHoro npaBHTe.TbCTBa. Ko.MHTeTbi a a x x iibi nocTa- BHTb cBoeii 3aaaqen 3ammy peBOJiiouHH.21 n o npeiVTOKCHHK) dOJIbUieBHCTCKOH (})paKUHH CoBer nOCTanOBH-1 3aKpbnh Ha^aBaBiiiHecH MecTHbfw ornenoM KasercKofi napTHH 6to.njic- TeHH, B KOTOpbIX BCJiatb TpaBJTH peBOJIIOUHOHHblX Jie&TeJieft, apOCTO- B3Tb peiiaKTopa h tipHB/ieqb cro k OTBeTCTBemiocTH, a pafkvniHKaM THnorpa(j)HH «nporpecc» h coio3y nenaTHHKOB nocTaBHTb na Bun to. iito ohm nena rajiH Ka^ercKne 6iojiJieTeHH, h noTpetfoBaTh, htoGn ohm Bnpe^b no/ioftHoro po^a MaTepHajioB lie newaTajin.3 CoBer noimep>Kaji HHHimaTHBy 6 oJibiueBHCTCKOH (J>paKunn h no- p y m tJ i n c n o jiK O M y ycnjiHTb pa6oTy no opraiiH3auHH h yKpenjieHHfo KpacHoft TBap^HH b neTponaBJiOBC.Ke.4 12 Hoa6 pn na 06'be.a.HHeHHOM 3ace.naHHH ConeTa pa6 oMnx h coji- jwtckhx AenyTaTOB, napTHHHbix h oGmecTBemibix opraiiH3auHft BHOBb 6 bui nocTaojiCH Bonpoc o nepexojxe BJiacTH b pyxn CoBeTa. n o npea- jiox<eHHio Co.ibineBHKa t . H. A y 6 biHHHa 6 bi.i o6pa3QBan BpeMeii- HhlM PeBOJTIOHHOHHbW KOMHTCT, B COCTaB KOTOpOIY) BOULTH 6 oJI!»UJCBH- KH H. JHy6 bIHHH, r . HiipHCOB, f l . nodeJIHHCKHft, B. TpaueBCKHH. n. P li>kob, K. CyTiomeB, n. KaJirc»KHaH h apyrHe.5 OanaKO nerpo- naB.TOBCKHH CoseT eme ne no;mep>Ka.ri npejio>KefrHe R y 6 u m u \\ a w izpyrux 6 o.TbiueBHKOB o nepc^ane Been BJiacTH CoBeTy. BojTbiuoe B.THHHHe na TpyiiHiuHxcn neTponan,aoBCKa h /ipvrHx roponoB o6 .TacTH OKasajiH ycnexn tfoJibiueBHKOB b otfjiacTHOM iicht- pe — OMCKe. U o n p y K O B O H C TB O M 6 o.Tl>IIieBHKOB pa6oHHe H MO.TOAbie KpacHorBap^eficKHe OTpanbi b nanajie H0a6 pH noixaBHjiH KOHTppe- BOJiioriHOHHbift MHTejK O mckoS iukojih npanopmHKOB, opraHH30Ban- nbiH KajieTCKHM « C ok)3om cnacenHfl oteuecTBa, cn o C y o jib i h nopaziKa* npw aKTHBHoft no;uep>KKe acepOB h MeHbiueBHKOB. Kon^epenuHA rapHH30HHbIX KOMHTeTOB, npOUiefllUaH no^ pyKOBO^CTBOM tfo.TBIUeBH- kob, nocTanoBHJia paccpopMHpoBaTb uikojiv rrparropruHKOB. H30pajia jiono.THHTe»TbHo k 6 CTapbiM H.TenaM Boemio-OKpy>KHoro KOMHTeTa 7 HOBbix. npe^ce.raTa.TeM BOeiiHO-OKpy>KHoro KOMHTeTa h c|)aKTHHeci<n KOMaHflyiomHM BOHcnaMH H36pajiH coJiAaTa-dojibiueBiiKa B/ta/iHMHpa Kocapeoa.6 B cepe/inne HonSpa no Tpe6oBaiiHio paCoHnx h 6o.TbUieBHCTCKH 1 U r A O P KaaCCP, 4>. 23. on. 1. a . 1. a. 83. 2 TaM >kg, j i . 84. 3 TaM >Ke. 4 TaM >«e. 5 5K0. 6 A pxhb HMJI nph UK KriCC. 17, on. 1, ea. xp. 35, a. 27. 73

iiacTpoeHiihix cojiAaT b OwcKe tibi.ni npoBCAeHbi hobwc BbiOopbi b C oBer, Tax KaK paHCC H36paHHbiH cocTaB ne oTpawaji H3MejiHBiuero- ca cooTHomeiiHH lcaaccosbix chji. B ojibiuhhctbo b HeM npHHaAAe>Ka- jio acepaM h MeHbiueBHKaM, noTepnbuihm caoe BAHHHue Ha pa6o«HX h cojiabt. IIoBwe Bbi6opbi b CoBer npHHecjiH foiecTHiuyio notfeAy Co-ibiueBHKaM, KOTopbie no.ayqHAH Ha Bbidopax 80 npoucHTOB roAOcoB. H36paHHbifi 30 HOfldpa 1917 roAa HcnoAHHTeAbHhift komht6t, b ko- TOpOM H3 18 MCCT 11 npHHaAAOKaAO 6oJTblUeBHKaM, B3HA BJiaCTb B cboh pyKH. FIpeAceAaTeAeM 6 biA H36paH BjiaAHMHp KocapeB.1 I'op. O mck — ueHTp A kmoahhckoA ofoiacTH h OrenHoro Kpaa — CTaji ueHTpoM napTHHHoro h coBCTCKoro CTpoHTCJibCTBa Bcefi 3anaA- hoh Cn6npHt CeBcpHoro, UeHrpajibHoro h BoCToanoro Ka3ax- crana. npH noMomH omckhx CoAbuieBHKOB 6 oJibiueBHKH rieTponaBAon- cna 7Iy6biHH!i, TpaueocKHft, Kapnw CynomeB, MuepoxHc, Ka.aio>KHaH h Apyrne nooejiH uinpoKyio pa3i>HCHHTeAbHyio padoTy cpeAH patfoqux KOHcepBiioro 3aBOAa, KOHiesemibix npeAnpHHTHH, paOoMHX Aeno >Ke- jie3Hofi Aoporw, coAAaT 33-ro 3anacnoro CTpejiKOBoro nojiKa. B Bbi- CTyn.iCHHHx Ha paOoqnx h cojiabtckhx coOpaHiiax h MHTHHrax ohh pa3'bHCHHJUl HCTOpHqeCRHft CMblCJI COUHajIHCTHHeCKOH peBOJIIOUHH, noOeAHBiuen b IlerporpaAe h Apyrnx ropoAax U,eHTpajibHOH PoCCHH. OrpoMHyio noMomb MecTHbiM CoAbiueBHKaM 0Ka3a.iH cncuwaAb- Hbie KOMHCcapw h arHTaTOpbi, npHCJiaiiHbie Ii,eHTpaAbHbiM Komhtc- TOM 6 oAbillCBHCTCKOH napTHH, «npaBAOH» H « H 3BeCTHHMH BLJHK» h Apyrn.MH coBeTCKHMH ra3eTaMH, a TaK>Ke B03BpamaBiHHec* c (ppon- Ta OojibiueBHCTCKH HacTpoemibie cojiAaTW. C bohmh paccKa3aMH o I70AAHHH0 HapOAIIOft nOJIHTHKe CooeTCKOft BJiaCTH OHH nOAHHMaAH mnpOKne TpyAHiiXHecH Maccbi na 6opb6y 3a BJiacTb CoBeTOB. BbiCTpoe pcBo.nK>u.HOiiH3HpOBaHHe Macc, Bee ycH.aHBaioin.eecH KjiaccoBoe paccAoeiine b AepeBHe h ayjie, nepexoA na cTopony OoAbHJCBHKOB KpeCTbHHCKOH H Ka33XCKOH OeAHOTbl o6yCAOBHAH paC- MaccnaA H pa3ao>KeiiHe b pazjax MeAKo6yp>Kya3iibix napTHfi, C uejibio 3aAep>naTb o txo a «jienbie» aneMeHTbi MejiKo6yp>Kya3Hbix nap- THft BblAeJlHlOTCH B CaMOCTOHTeAbHHe 0praHH33HHH. 15 HOHOpa 1917 roAa npoH3omeji pacKOA b nerponaBjioBCKOH acepoBcKon opraHH3a~ UHH. H3 K0T0P0H BbllUAH «ACBbie» SCepbl.12 B 3 tot nepnoA b CeBcpnoM Ka3axcTaHe 6 ujia oOpaaoBana mcako- 6yp>Kya3Haa Tan Ha3biBaeMaa KHprH3CKaa counaAncTHHecKaa napTHH «yui->Ky3». He o6pa30BaHiie HBHJiocb noKa3aTejieM orxoAa MeAKO- 6yp>Kya3HOH Ka3axcKOH HHTeAAHreHUHH ot Ka3axcKoft 6 yp>nya3HOH napTHH «Ajiam>. Xoth «ym->Ky3» HpH3HaBaAa CoBeTCKyio BJiacTb h Bbicrynajia npoTHB Ajiaui-OpAw, ona ocraBajiacb MCAKo6yp>Kya3HOH HauHonaAHCTHMecKOH napTHefl h b KopeHHwx Bonpocax pcboakduhh pacxoAHAacb c CoAbuieBHKaMH h 3aiiHM3Aa no3Hu.Hio «.aeBbix» acepoB. 1 ApxHB HMJI np« UK KnCC. 17, on. i, en. xp. 35 jin 26—27 2 ra3era «CTennaa pe^b*, Jsfs 254, 16 Hondpq 1917 r. 74

IlInpoKHe TpyAHiuHecsi Ka3axcKHe Maccu ne no;mep>KajiH 3Ty napTHio. He ncwiyMHB no/mepxcKH umpoKHx TpyAHLunxca Macc, napraH «yu i* )K ya» QCKope pacnajiacb. B cJio>Kiibix ycjioBHHx 6 opb6 bi 3a ycranoBAeHHe CoBeTCKOH B-iac- th 6 o.ibmoe 3HaTieHHe HM6JIH coBepuiHBmHHCH 16 HOnGpn 1917 roAa pa3ph!3 CoJIbllieBHKOB c MeilbllieBHKaMH H O(|)0pMJlCliHe CaMOCTOH- Tejibnoil FIcrponaB.iOBCKoft napTHftiioft oprannsauHH.1 3 to ycHAHAO aKTHBiiocTb MCCTJibix 6 o.ibuieBHKOB, hx noAHTHHecKyio pa6 oTy B \\tac- cax. P oct HAefmoro bjihhhhh na pa6 o«iHx h coAAaT 3 aKpeiTAHeTca co3a.aHHGM napTHHHbix aweeK na npe^npHHrnax h b bohhckhx wac- THX rapHH30IIOB. rieTpoiiaBJiOBCKaa opraiiH3auHH 6biCTpo pacTCT KOAHMecTBeinio 3a cner nepe^owbix paGownx Aeno h KOHcepBHoro aaBO/ia. K OoAb- uieBHKa,\\f nepexoAHT necTHbie aioah H3 «AeBbix» acepoB: npeAceAa- •re-ib CoBeTa paOoHHx h coAAaTCKHx AenyTaTOB npanopmnK t . Xoxa, BoeHHbiri KOMHccap PeBKOMa t . IIIaHaHHii h Apvrue.2 Bbipa>Kafl HaaiiHa umpoKHx Macc TpyAJimaxca, 20 no5i6 pa 1917 roAa o6 uxce coOpanne 6 oAbuieBHCTCKOH opraHH3au.HH npHHji.ao no AOKJ/a/ty H. C. rioOejiaHCKoro nocTaHOBAcnne: b ue.iax npcAOTBpame- HHH KOHTppCBOJIIOU.HOHHOPO BblCTVHAeHH91 HMyiH,HX KJiacCOB H peQIH- TCJihnoM 6 opb6 bi c. KanHTajiH3MOM nepe^aTb bcio BAacTb b rieTpo- naBJiOBCKe C orctsm pa6 o'iux, coAAaTCKHx h KpecTbJincKHx AenyTa- TOB H lIpeA-lO>KHTb CBOHM HAOHa \\i HacToaui.ee nocTaHOBAeHHe npo- BeCTH B >KH3Hb. 22 HoatfpH nerpoiiaBAOBCKifif CoBeT 6 o jj h i u n n c r o o \\ ! vojiocoh npHHJIA npCAA0>KCHHe 60AbLUeBHCTCK0 H[ (|)paKUHH O B35ITHH BAaCTH. B npHHHTOtf CoBeTOM pe30AIOHHH, BbipaOOTaHHOft 6oAbIlieBHKaMH /Zy6 biHHiibiM h a p >th m h , roBopHAoeb, h t o aah ycnen/HOro 3a K p e n - J ic m in 3aBoeBaiiHPi peBOAiomm tpc6vk>tch caMwe sneprHHHbie Mepu k noAaBAeiiHio peaKUHoniibrx 3AeMeiiT0B h npHMoe peuiHTeAbHoe Aeii- CTBHe pCBOAlOUHOHHbIX opraifOB.3 3Ta pc30.nouhh BBHAacb Hai<a30M Ae.ieraTaM, H36paiiHbiM Ha III 3anaAHO-CH6HpcKHH cbe3A Cobctob. B new Ghjih ci|>opMyAHpoBaHbi cAeAyJOiAHe TpetfoBanHa k CbC3Ay: nepeAaTb bcfo noAHOTy babcth CoBeTaM paf)OHHX, COJIAdTCKHX H KpeCTbHHCKHX AOnyTaTOB, KOTOpbie « oahh MoryT TOAbKO cnpaBHTbcn c pa3pyxow h 3aKpenAenHe\\f cbo6o- Abi, 3aBoeBaifHOH npoAeiapcKo-KpecTbHHCKOH peBOAiouneft*; npHiiHTb peuiHTCAbHbie Mepbi k cHa6>KCHHio xAe6oM apmhh h roAOAaiomefi PoCCHH, peKBH3HpOB3Tb BCe IipOAyKTbl nepBOH HeoGxOAHMOCTH H p3C- npeAe.fiHTb hx cpeAH nywAaiomeroca naceAenHa; H3Aarb AenpeT o nauH0HaAH3auHH 6 aHK0B; npOBec.TH uporpeccHBiioe oCAOKemie Ka- nmajia; npoBccru b >KH3Ub KOHTpoAb hba npoH3BOACTBOM h pacnpe- AeAenneM; HeMeAAeHHo 33KAioiiHTb Bceo6 in.Hfi AeMOKpanniecKH^ MHp, * ra3eTa cCrennaH pCMb», ^ 254, 16f KonCpn 1917 r. 2 TaM >Ke. Xoxa h lUaHaH»t.H b 1918 roay paccTpeAHHbi 6eJioreapAeH- uaMH. 3 U PAO P KaaCCP, (|5. 23, on. I. a . 1, ,v1. 91— 93. 75

h o m c a a g iih o rTponecTH b )KH3Hb 3eMeAbHbiH AenpeT. 1 /IcAeraTaMH na crbe3A 6 mah H3dpanbi doAbiueBHKH II. Pbi/KOB h 3aHKKH. npeitcraBHTeJiH I IeT p o rp a ;;a , yqacTBOBaBUJHe b stom 3aceAaHHH, paccKa3a.ffH 06 OKTndpbCKOM BOopy>neiiiiOM B o c c ra m iH b Ile r p o r p a - A e h o nepBbix MeponpHJiTHJix C oB eTC K oro npaB H TejibC TB a, B03rjiaBJiB- e M o r o B. H. JTeHHHbiM.2* 3a< viyujaB 29 n o n d p a ao kasa A eA e raT a II B c c p o c c n flc K o ro cT>e3' Aa CoReion h HJieua BU.HK, ciaporo h BHAHOro napTHfiHOro padoT- iiHKa CndHpH doAbUiCBHKa A. A. 3nc3/ioBat o codbiTHnx n rieTporpa- Ae, FleTponaBJiOBCKHH ConeT padoHHX h coAAaTCKHx AcnyTaTOB npHBeTCTBOBaA peBOAIOUHOHHblH HeTporpaA, BbICKa33ACA 3a noAHOe AOBepue h petUHTeAbHyio no;mep>KKy ConeTCKOMy npaBHTeAbCTBy h yKa3aA B CBOCM nOCTaHOBAGHHH, HTO OH «npHCOeAHHHeTCfl K peiUH- TeJIbHOH peBOAHDUHOHHOH nOAHTHKe, DpOBOAHMOH CoBeTOM HapOAHfcJX KoMHCCapOB»3. Ba>Knyio poAb b ycraHOBAeiiHH C o b c t c k o A b a h c t h b A k m o a h h - cko h h CeMHnaAaTHHCKofi odAacTBx c u rp a A III 3anaAHO-CHdHpcKHft o d A a cT H o ii CT>e3A C o b c t o b , cocTOHBLiiHfrcH b O m c k c 2 — 10 A en ad p si 1917 roA a. B padoTe c*bC3Aa yqacTBOBaAH A e A e ra T b i ot C o b c t o b r ic T - ponaBAOBCKoro, CcM nnajiaTHHCKoro, FlaBAO AapcKoro, A TdacapcKoro, KoKneTaBCKoro h ycT b -K aM e n orop cK oro ye3AOB.4 1 AeKadpn 1917 r o ­ A a B. K o c a p e n b nncbM e £1. M . CBepAAO By c o o d m a ji: «3aB T pa y n a c OTKpbiBaeTCH 3 a n a A iio -C H 6 H p c K H H o d A a c ru o H CT>e3A ( C o b c t o b ) p a d o - h h x h cojiAaTCKHx AenyTaToo. E m e AeAeraTbi He bcc CT.exa.incb, no y>Ke doAbuinHCTBo n am e. Ceifaac co d u p a e T ca A p y r o fi c'besA b T om- CKe. E r o opraHH3yiOT odopoH iibi h KaAeTbi. T b m roBopjiT 0 BAacTH. y H ac >Ke »a cr>e3Ae d y A y T npaKTHnecKH craB H T b B onpocbi o b a s c t h . Ha t o m cT>e3Ae d y A yT Bee K yjiaK H , ho c h a l i 3a h h m h h c t . 3 a hamh p a d o q n e , c o A A a ib i h deAHbie KpecrbjiHe. JJ,a h 3a>KHToqHbie KpecrbHHe CARa a h nohA y r 3a odopoH uaM H . BoAbHO yn< oCToqepTe;ia BceM no- AHTHKa c o rA a m a ie A e fi» 5. H 3 124 AeAeraTOB doAbiueBHKOB na c'besAG dbiA o 74, 3cepoB — 2 3 ( b t o m HHCAe 17 « A e B b ix » ), 3cepoB-Mai<CHMa- AHCTOB — 4, COHHaA-AeMOKpaTOB HHTepIiaHHOHaAHCTOB — 11, C0UH3A- ACMOKpaTOB odopoim eB — 9 h decnapTHfinhix — 3 qejioBeKa. I IpeAceAarcACM cr>e3Aa dtJA H3dpaH doAbiiieBHK #KOBJieB. B a o - KJiaAe o TCKymcM MOMeHTe o h H3Ao>KHA ACHHHCKHe ycTaHOBKH o ne- pexoAe BAacrH b pynn Cobctob h npeBpameHHH hx b opraHbi ahkts- Typbi npoAeTapnaTa.6 flpoTHB stoto BbicTynHAH acepbi h MenbiHesH- KH. Ho OHH HaTOAKHyAHCb Ha peiUHTeAbllblft OTIlOp CO CTOpOHbl doAbiiiHHCTBa <rbe3Aa. Co CTpacTHbiMH penaMH 3a nepexoA babcth b pyKH CooeTOB BbicTynHAH doAbmeBHKH tt. KocapeB, J1o 6 k o b , ACAeraT ATdacapa doAbiiieBHK UapeB h Apyrne. AdcoAiornbiM doAbuinucTBOM » LirAO P KaaCCP, (p. 23, on. 1, A- I. ju1. 93— 96. 2 T«im * c, jiji. 91— 93. 3 Ta.M we, jui. 97—98. 4 TocapxHB Omcko# oOjiacTH, <$. 658, on. 1, a. 1, nn. 55— 56. 5 ApxHB MMA rinn LIK KFICC, 4>. 17, on. 1, eA. xp. 36, a a . 28—29. 6 flpoTOKOJUJ III 3anaAHO-CH6HpcKoro ci,e3 Aa CoBerou. 76

rojiocoB c*be3ji npHiisui pe3o.iion.mo no TexymeMy MOMeHTy, npe/vio- >KCHHyK) OT HMCHH 60JIbllieBHCTCK0H (J)paKllHH Crbe3.Ha T. flKOBJICBbIM, h npOBoarjiacn/i nepexoA BJiacTH k CoBeTaM Ha Bcefi TeppuTopnn 3ana/uiofi C h6hph, A kmojihhckoh h CeMHnajiaTHHCKofi otf-iacTCH. Oh 3aaBH.i o «roTOBHocTH npeACTaB.ieiiHbix na neM patfoMHx h coJiAaT BceMH CHJiaMH h McpaMH no;uiep>KaTb pa6 oMee h KpecTbHHCKoe npa- BHTeJibCTBo — CoBer HapOAHbix KoMHecapoB*1. C\"be3A yKa3a.i, hto 6jiHMcaftmeH 3a/ia4eii pa6oqero K-nacca h Tpy- AamerocH KpecTbHHCTBa HBJineTcn ynperuieHne BJiacTH C obctob nyTCM npoBCjiGHHH ec pemeHHH h OBJiaaeHHH B.iacTbio Ha MccTax. Bee MecT- Hbie CoBeTbi pa6o4Hx h cojmaTCKHX ^eiiyTaTOB AOAxaibi iieMeA-aeiiHO npncTynHTb k opranH3aumi BJiacTH b ropoAax h nocejiKax. B p63o/[fouHH Cbe3jia c ocofioft CHJiott noAMepKHBajiacb neo6xo- AHMOCTb «flpHHHTb BCe MepW K yKpenJlCIIHlO CBH3H C KpeCTbSHlCTBOM ii k e r o opraiiH3auHH»2. Ci>e3A H3<5pa.*i 3anaAHo-CH6npCKHH o6jiacTHoft ncnoAKOM b co- craBe 12 qejioBeK, H3 hhx 8 GoAbuieBHKOB, npHHHji no.io>KeiiHe o co- aercKHx opranax Ha MeCTax, no-ioweiiHe o pafioneM Koirrpo.ie, pe- 30JH0UHH no npoAoBO/ibCTBeHHOMy Bonpocy, o x<e;ie3HOAopo>KHOM rpancnopTe h ycrab KpacHOii raapAHH. no HHHUHaTHBe OMCKHX Oo^blUGBHKOB np03HAHyM O mCKOPO Co- BeTa pa6oHHX h co.iAarcKHx AenyTaTOB o6pa30Ba.i «BpeMennbiH ko- MHccapnaT no ynpas-ieiiHio CrenHbiM KpaeM h A kmojihhckoA 06- .iacThio». PemeHHH H I 3anaflrio-CH6HpcKoro c*be3Aa ConeroB patiowix n coAAaTCKHx AcnyTaTOB 6ujih onydjiHKOBaiiu b « H 3oecTHnx O mcKoro ConeTa P h C J X » , «H3BecTHHx fleTponabaobckopo CoBera P h CJ3» h ApyrHx ra3erax. Bo.ibureBHKH h pyxoBOAHmwe hmh CoBeTbi pac- npocTpaiiHJiH pemeHHH c-be3Aa, pa3T>HCHHJiH hx TpyAxmHMCH Macca.M. Omckhh napTHHHan opraHH3aunH nanpaBHJia cbohx qjieiiOB b ye3Au AKMOHHHCKoft h CeMHna/iaTHHcxofi o6.iacTefi, xoropbie BMecTe c ae- AeraTaMH-KOMMyHHCTaMH 3HaxoMHJiH Hace-ieHHe c pemeHHHMH II Bee- poccwflcKoro h III 3anaAiio-CH6HpcKoro CT>e3AOB Cobctob, c nepBbiMH ACKpCTaMH CoBeTCKOH BAaCTH. PemeHHH c'beaAOB BCTpeTHJiH ropHHee OAoSpeime TpyAfliUHXCH Akmoahhckoh oGjiacm neTponaBJiOBCKHft CoseT padoqnx h coAAaT- ckhx AenyTaTOB eAHHoiyiacuo OAo6pH.i h npHHHA k pyxoBOACTBy pe- 30JHOUHH I II 3anaAHo-CnGHpcKoro crbC3Aa Cobctob/ npoTHB no6eAHBmeft Cobctckoh bjibcth b ropoAe h ye3Ae Bhi- CTynnjiH MeHbmeBHKH h npaBbie acepbi, 3aceBmHe b opranax ropoA- CKoro caMoynpaojieHHH, ye3AH0M CoBeTe KpecrrbHHc.KHx AenyTaTon h Apyrnx o6 mecTBeHHbix opraHH3aiiHHx. Ocodenno aKTHBHyio aHTHCO- BCTCKyio AenTejibHocTb dca npeAceAHTCJib ropoACKofl Ay m u , HJieH rieTponaBAOBCKoro KOMHTCTa acepoB BoroMo.iOB. 13 AexaSpn oh b u - 1 IlpoTOKo.ihi III 3ana^Ho-Cn6HpcKoro c*be3Aa CoBeTOB. 5 TaM >ne. J LirAOP KaaCCP. 23. on. 1, &. I, 94—95. 77

cTyrmji na o6meM co6paHHH Coaera patfowHX h coAAarcKHx AenyTa- tob c KOHTppcBo.niouHOHHbiM swnaAOM, weM Bbi3Ba^ HeroAosaHHe Bcex npHGyTCTBOBaBiUHX. A 6coafOThbiM OoAbiiiHHCTBOM, npH AByx Bo3Aep- >KaBiiinxcH, Cobct nocraHoBib'i 3a KoHTppcBCviiouHOHHyio AenreJib- HOCTb HCKAfOWIJTb BoTOMOAOBa H3 VJieHOB CoBCTa H apCCTOBaTb. Bo3MymeiiHe npHcyTCTBOBaBiinix Ha co6paHHH 6 u j i o nacTOAbKo eAH- HOAyUIHblM, WTO WACHbl 3CCpOBCKOrO KOMHTCT3 33HBHAH, WTO HHKTO HC AanaA BoroMOJiOBy npaea roBopHTb ot hmchh acepoBCKotf opraHHaa- UHH. neTponaBJioBCKH# CoaeT Ha btom ace 3ace/jaiiHH emuojiyuwo ocy- aha KOHTppeBOJiiomiOHHyio aniraumo npaBbix accpob h MeiibmeBHKOB nporaB CoBeTCKofi BJiacTH h npHHHJi nocTanoBACHHe, r.iacHBUiee: bch^ koto wAGHa ropoACKoro cawoynpaBAenHH, BbicTynHBiuero npoTHB Co- BeTCKOH BJiaCTH K3K CAOBCCHO, TaK H ITHCbMCHHO, HeMCAACHIIO apCC- TOBbioaTb h ripe^aBaTb cyny peBOAfOUHOHiioro TputfyjiaAa.1 COBeT atfCOAIOTHhlM 6oAbUIHflCTB0M TOAOCOB OTKAOHHA IipOChOy acepoBCKofi opraHH3auHH Bbi^aTb hm 50 bhhtobok aah opraHH3auHH npH Hx! KOMHTeTe JXpy>KHHbI.12 B CBH3H C TeM, WTO PeBKOM BbMOAHHA CBOH (jjyHKUHH, CoBGT CBOHM peiliCHH6M BAHA WJieilOB PeBKOMa Li cocTaB HcnoJiKOMa h aoiioauhtcalho H3dpaA 4 weAOBex.3 PemeHHH CoBeTa BCTpeTHJiH eAHHOAyuiHyK) noAAep>KKy ihhpokhx tpvahuxhxch Macc. Bo miiothx opraiiH3auHHx ropoAa npouiAH co6pa- hhh, na Korophix 6 mao Rupa>KeHo nojiiioe AOBepne CoBeiy h totob- HOCTb noAAepa<aTb ero bo B ce x AeflcTBHHX.4 B ocraJibHbrx yc3Aax A kmojihhcko^ o6jiacTH CoBe-rcnan BAacTb ycTaHOBHviacb no3>Ke, weM b rierponaBAOBCKe. 3 to oO'bHCHHAocb pn- aom npnwHH — MaviowHCAenHOCTbK) pa6owero KJiacca, cJia6ocTbK> do-ibuieBHCTCKHx opraHH3au.HH KoKweTaBa, AKMaiHHCKa h ATdacapa. Bee ohh bxoahah b od'beAHHeHHbie c MeHbineBHxaMH opraHHaaiuiH, OojibuiHHCTBo b Korophix npHnaAAewaAo MeHbmeBHKaM. BbiAGJieHHe OonbiueBHKOB b caMOCTOHTejibiibie opraHH3auHH npon3oiiJAo 3Aecb jiHuib HaKanyHe hjih b nepHOA ycraHOBAeHHH C obctckoh BJiacra. B KoKweraBe, A kmoahhcko h ATOacape 3HawirreAbHbiMH 6 nah cii- Jlbl KOHTppGBOAIOUHH, COCTOHBHJHe H3 MCCTHOif 6yp>Kya3HH, KyjiaweCT- Ba, Ka3awi,Hx BepxoB, 6 aeB-nojiyc})eoAajiOB u 6yp»ya3HO<FiauHOHa.iH- CTHWeCKHX BepXOB Ka3aXCKOii HHTCAAHreHunH, BblCTyilHBIILHX npOTHB CoBeTOB noA pcaKUHOHHbiM Ji03yHr0M 6yp>«ya3Hofi 2btohomhh. OTOpBaHHOCTb 3THX TOpOAOB OT >KeJie3H0fi AOpOTH II O^AaCTHOrO UeHTpa — OMCKa 3aTpyAHHAa pyKOBOACTBO MeCTHblMH IiapTHHHHMH OpraHH3aU.HHMH. H ah pa3*bHciieHHH pemeirnH III 3anaAHo-CH6HpcKoro crbe3Aa Co- BeTOB h 0praHH3auHH CoBeTCKon BAacTH Ha MCCTax OMCKan napTHfi- Han opraHH3auHH b KoHue AexaCpH 1917 roAa HanpaBHAa b Koxwe- TaBCKHfi, ATdacapCKHH h A kmoahhckhh ye3Abi A rmoahhckoA o6a 3 cth 1 U rA O P KaaCCP, (t>. 23, on. 1, a . 1, jiji. 94—95. 2 Ta.M >Ke, j i n . 91—93. 3 TaM 3Ke. 4 Apxns Ka3 (})Hiina.Ta HMJI, 811, a . 51, n. 407. 78

CBOHX pa6oTHHKOB, a T3K>KC GOAbLUeBHKOB H GOAbUieBHCTCKH lia- CTpoeHHbix paSoHHX h cojiAaT, ypoKOimeo o6;iacTH. ycTaHOBJiCHHC CoBeTCKOH B.iacTH b ye3Aax, boaocthx, cev'iax H ayjlax A kmoahiickoh oGAacTH npouiAO MHpHWM nyTeM, 6e3 Boopy- WeHHblX BOCCTaiiHH. r^aBHblM yCJlOBHCM 3TOTO HBHJiaCb IlOfieAa C o­ BeTCKOH BJiacTH b IlcTporpajxe, M ocK B e, b UeHTpajibHOH P occhh, Ha ypaAe, b OivfCKe h fleTponaBJiOBCKe. C^ie^yer OTMerHTb, hto npouecc CTaHOBJieHHH BA3CTH B OtfjiaCTH SaTflHyJICH ;i0 HlIBapH, a BO MHOTHX cejiax h a y jia x — ao (peBpajui — MapTa 1918 roAa.H hto KAaccoBaa 6opb6 a 6tiuia 3uecb octpoft h 3arH>KHoft. Mecrnaa 6yp>Kya3HH, Ky- Aauxaa BepxyuiKa nepeceAeimecKoft AepcBHH h Ka3aMben CTammbi, 6 aficKO-c|jeoAa^bHaH BepxyuiKa xasaxcicoro ayjia bo iviaBe c Meubuie- BHK3MH, acepaMH H aviam-OpAHHUaMH OKa3bIB3AH OKeCTOUGHHOe COnpOTHBAeilHC MCpOnpHHTHHM COBCTCKOH B.T3CTH. B KokheTa Be CoBeTCKan BjiacTb ycTaHOBHJiacb b ACKaOpe 1917 roAa, uocne B03Bpam.eHHsi AeAeraTa-GoAbineBHKa H. M. /XeMCUKoro c III 3anaAHO-CH6HpcKoro (Tbe3Aa C obctob. O o HHHuuaTHBe Gojib- IUCBHKOB pa6 ouHe cnuproBoro 3aBOAa norpeGoBajiH nepeH36paiiHH ropoACKoro ConeTa, b kotopom CojibiunucTBo npHHaAAextajio acepaM h MOHbuieBHKaM. IIp n ncpcBbiOopax CoaeTa 6oAbiijhhctbo noJiyuMJin GoJIbUieBHKH.1 HcnOAIIHTCJIbHblH KOMHTeT, H36paHIIblH HOBbIM COCTa- BOM CoBCTa, O&bftBHJI O HCpeXOAC BCCH BA3CTH B pyKH CoBCTa.12 - JXjih opraHH3au,HH Cobgtob b bojiocthx, cejiax h ayjiax h npoee- AeiiHn BbiGopoB Ha ye3AHbirt ci>e3A 6 mah nocJiaHbi HAeiibi CooeTa h napTH^HOfi OpraHH3an.HH, a TaKJKe aKTHBHCTbI-tf)pOHTOBHKH. OAHaKO cjieAyeT OTMerHTb, hto ecah b KoKweraBe k ACKatfpio 1917 roAa OoAbuienHKH y>Ke hmcah Goaliumhctbo b CoBeTe pa6onnx h C0.7A3TCKHX AenyTaroB, to b ye3Ae cpeAH KpecTbancTBa hx bahh- hhc 6 liao cjia 6 hiM. Ta.M npeo6AaAaAO bahhhhc «AeBbix» scepOB. 3 to OTpa3HAocb Ha cocTaoe ye3AHoro ct>c3Aa CoaeToa h ero peuie- HHHX. Gbe3A oTKpbuicji 5 M ap T a. I l a ue.M npucyTCTBOBaAO o k o jio 300 ACAeraToo. BoAburHHcrBo AOAeraTOB 6bi.no Hacrpoeno jienoscepoB- ckh. 3cepw BbiCTynHAH npoTHB pyKOBOAHmeH poAH npCACTaBHTeAefi paOouHx Ha CT>e3Ae, noTpetfoBaAH nponopunoHaAbHOro npeACTaBH- TeAbCTBa na CT>e3Ae patfonHx h KpecTbHH. H m yAaJiocb rroisecTH BHa- naAe cbe3A s a c o Oo m . CT>e3A npeAocTaBHA Bcero Tpn MecTa ropoACKo- My CoBeTy paGouux h cojia^tckhx AenyTaTOB. Hpe3HAHyM CA»e3Aa TO>Ke COCTOHA B GOAblHHUCTBe H3 3CGpOB H 3CepOBCKH HaCTpOCHHblX AejieraroB ci>e3Aa. C\"be3A npHHHA pemeime pacnycTjiTb ropoACKofi Cobgt paOouHx h C0AA3TCKHX AenyTaTOB, nepeAaTb KaanaHeHCTBO h KpacHorBapAeftcKHft otpha b pacnopn>KeHHe ye3AHoro ci>e3Aa h H36paHHoro hm ye3AHoro ncnoAKOMa.3 IloTpeGoBaAacb Oojihinan pa- 6oTa GoAbiucBHKOB cpeAH ACAeraTOB ye3AHoro Cbe3Aa CooeTOB. 1 Ap\\HB Kad4)HJina^a HMJI. (J). 811, BocnoMHiiaHHe M. B. flcpoxa. 2 TaM >«e. 3 Taw we, (J). 811. a. 51, ji. 407. 79

B o/ibiiieBH K H t . n o p o x h a p y rn e npeACTaBHTejiH ropoACKoro C o - B e ra 33HBKJIH n p o T e cT n p o T H B AeficTBH H n p e 3H A « y M a y e 3A H o ro c b e 3- Aa CooeTOB. C-be3A H36paji yc3AHbift hoioakom C o o e T a KpecTbHHCKHX A e n y T a - tob H3 ACJieraTOB, ctohbojhx na cropoHe C obctckoh bjihcth. npeA- ceAaTejieM ero ObiJi H3(5paH M htpoxhh, HenocvieAOBaTejibHbiH oo^ibuje- BHK, HJieHaMH— TIOAHCHKO, MapKOB^CHKO H ApyrHe .qeBO3Cep0BCKH HacTpocHiibie ^ejieraThi <rbe3Aa. Tan b KonneTaBe cymecTBOBa.io ARa o p ra n a — ropoACKoft C o b c t paOoynx h cojiAaTCKiix AenyTaTOB h ye3AHbiH CoBeT KpecTbAHCKHx AenyTaTOB, 0(5pa30BaBiUHH yesAiibifi HcnoAKOM. 1 OrcyTCTBona^ia AO/HKnaa coiviacoBaiinocTb MOKAy hhmh. 3 to HaJiOJKHJio omenaTOK Ha bcio iix AeflTcvibHocTb. AKTHBHbiMH n p o n a r a h a h c t 3m h h 6opuaMH 3a CoBeTCKyio BJiacTb HBJIHJIHCb COJIAaTbl-fppOHTOBHKH, MHOl'H6 M3 KOTOpbIX HpOlliJIH UJKOJiy peBOJIIOUHOHHhlX 6oeB 3a BAaCTb CoBeTOB B IXCHTpaJIbMblX p aH O H aX CTpaHbi. «B nepnoc BpeMH Mbi, (|)p o h t o b h k h ,— BcnoMHHaeT B. TpH3- h o b ,— rpynriHpoBajiHCb B03Jie cojiAaT MecTHon KOMaiiAbi, o hm Ohi/iH k HaM 6jiH>Ke Bcex, TaM co3AajiH rpynny c t o p o h h h k o b cnHCKa N<? 3 (6ojibLUCBHK08) h nanajiH 6opb6y c scepaMH 3a B^HnuHe na Maccbi)>2. C o 3AaH H 3H b AKMOAHHCKe OoAbiueBHCTCKaH rpynna, b c o c ra B k o - Topoii bxoahjih M ohhh, KpHBory3, KpeMHiicKHft, B. CepHKdaen, C. Ce6epy^Hii, Koaomhcu h Apyrne, pa3Bepiiyjia 6opb6y npoTHB 3ce- pOB 3a KpeCTbHHCKHe Maccu. O TpyAHOCTHX, C KOTOpblMH BCTpeTHAHCb OoJIbLIieBHKH B AK M O - ahhckom y e 3Ae, b c a m 6o p b 6y npoTH B sc e p o B 3a B JiH fiiw e na KpecTbJiH- CKHe M accbi, c o o S m a A b iiM CbMe U K P C / I P f I ( 6) O . K o 3a n e n K 0.3 « ...A K M o /iH iicK H ft y e 3AHbiM KOMHecap, n p a rio p m H K rieT p O B ,— flH- ca.rc O . K oaa^ cH K o,— n p n 3H a ji m o io ./iH T epaT ypy BpeAHOH a a m n a c e - JieHHH>4. Pacn o jio aB iiiH A cH se ep BbiCTynHA c ioieBeTHHnecKHM H BbinaAaM H npoTHB 6ojibiueBHKOB h Aa>Ke nbiTa^cH c>Kenb npHBeaeinryio JiH Tepa- Typy. U K P C Z l P n ( 6) cn e u H a /ib H b iM nnebMOM o t 10 A e n a 6pn 1917 ro - A a b O m c k h m k o m h t c t 6oAbujeBH KO B n o T p e O o B a A npHHBTb c p o 'n ib ie M e p tj k o 6y 3A aH H io n p a n o p m H K a F le T p o B a .5 O A H a K o , HecMOTpn Ha TH>Kejibie ycyiOBHH, 6o jibiue B H K H 3k t h b h o 1 ApXH« Ka3(|>H/iKajia HMJI, <Jj. 811, a. 51, -i. 407. * TaM »e. 3 <P. K03aqeHK0 — OOJIbWeBHK, nOClie OKOHMaHHH HUCTpyKTOpCKHX nypcoB no BbiOopaM b yqpeAHTe/ibHoe coOpaHMe, opraHH30BaHHbix BU.HK Cobgtob pa- 6oqwx h coJiaaTCKHx AenyTaTOB, 6bi;i KOMaiMHpoBaH b AKMO/iHHCKHft ye3A aah pa6orhi cpeAH HacejieHHH. fleTporpaACKan Co^biueBHCTCKan BoeimaH opraHHaanna nopyqHJia eMy pacnpocTpaHHTb /IHTepaTypy cpean KpecrsHH. Ko3aqeHKO AOcraBHa cc b A kmoahhckh& HcnoAKOM Cooera KpecTbHHCKHX AenyTaTOB, corjiacHBimificB noMoqb eMy b 3tom Aej»e. 4 ApxnB HMJI npa U K KIICC. (J). 17, on. I, a . 334, a a . 9— 10. « TaM »e, a. 82, a . 138. •SO

ynacTBOBa^iH b pa6 oie KpecTbHHCKHx crbe3A0B, cosbmacMUx opraHa- mh cBeprHyToro b ueHTpe dyp>Kya3noro Bpe.MeHHoro npaBHTejibCTBa, pa3o6,iaMajiH na hhx acepoB h MeiibiueBHKOB. Tax, b KOHue Aenadpu b A kmojihhckg npw npOAOBOAbCTBeHHoft ynpaae 6 lia co3BaH KpecTbHHCKHH crbe3A, na KOTopoM o 6cy>i</ia;iacb TejierpaMMa C l IK PC O C P 06 oKa3 3 HHH ueHTpy iiomoluh xjiedow. BojibiueBHKH nodaBH.TH 3aAaneH noBecra doAbiunucTBO KpecTbHH 3a COdOH. C nOMOIIXbfO (J)pOHTOBHKOB OHH IipOHHKJlH Ha 3aCCAaHHe CT>e3- Aa. KoMHccap BpeMeHHoro npaBHTCAbCTBa npanopiuHK IleTpOB no- TpedoBa/i ot ^cvieraTou b OTrpyaKe xjieda b nemp OTKa33Tb. Ho BbicTynjieFiae doAbineniiKOB B. TpH3Hooa h Apyrnx H3M6hhjio na- CTpoenne ci>e3Aa. BoAbiuHHCTBo ero BbicKa3ajiocb 3a oTnpaBKy xjieda b ueiirp. 3 to 6 bi;io HpKHM CBH;ieTevibCTBOM dbicrporo peBOAiouHomi- 3HpOB3HHH KpGCTbHHCKHX MaCC, pOCTa CHMnaTHH HX K BJI3CTH COBe- tob, cymecTBOBaBLueS yjKe He TOJibKO b ueHTpe, ho h b CudiipH, OMCKe, rieTponaBJioBCKe h Apyrux ropoAax h e3Aax. ZleHTe.TbHOCTb dojibLueBHCTCKOH rpynnbi ycnjiHAacb c B03Bpauj,e- HHeM M3 O mckh H. MoHHiia 11 <P. I<pHBory3a. Ohh dbiJiH xopouio HH(f)opMHpoBaiibi do.ibiueBHCTCKOH opraHH3aunefi, npHBeijiH MHoro nojiHTH'iecKOH JiHTepaTypbi, ra3eT, pacKpbiBaBiiiHx co3HAaieAbHyio AeuTeJibHOCTb CoBeTCKoii BJiacrn. 25 uenadpH 1917 roua Ha codpaiiHH ctopohhhkob cnncKa JMs 3 no BbidopaM b YMpeAHTeJibHOe codpanue M ohhh h KpHBorya pa3 bHCHH.iH COdpaBLLIHMCH, HeTO AOdHBaeTCH napTHH do.lbUieBHKOBJ 3AeCb >Ke dbl- jia npoH3BeueHa 3amiCb b qjieiibi napTHH. OcfjopMHBUiaHCH napTHHHau opranH3auHH co3BaJia 27 AenadpH ropoACKoe codpanue, na kotopom pa3BepnyjiHCb ropuwne npeHHH MewAy doAbiueBHKaMH h upcACTaBHTCAHMH xaucTOB h acepoB. BoJIblUHHCTBO COdpaBUIHXCH H0UIJIO 3a doJIbllieBHKaMH. BhI.lO npMIIJI- to nocraiioB/ieuHe o nepexoAe bjihcth b pyxn CoBeTa h dbuio H3dpa- ho 40 KOMHccapoB ropoucKoro CoBeTa, k KOTopbiM nepeuma bcb BJiacTb b ye3Ae. flpanopiuHK IleTpoB 6 exca/i. B C0IO3e C pyCCKHMH padOHHMH H KpeCTbHHCKOH deAHOTOH ax- THBHyjo dopbdy 3a ycTanoBAenne CoBeTCKOH BJiacTH bcjih Ka3axcKHe TpyAHUiHecH. OpraHH30BamibiH doAbiueBHKaMH b Aexadpe 1917 roaa ACCHTHTbiCHHHbiH mhthht KasaxcKoii deAHOThi A kmoahhckoto ye3Aa OCVAHA KOHTppCBOAIOUHOHHyiO AGHTCAbHOCTb «AjiaiU-OpAbI» H GAH- hoavuiho noAAep>Ka.a nepexoA Bcefl BJiacTH b pyKH CooeTa. B TejierpaMMe B. H. JleHHHy, npHHHTOH yqacTHHKaMH MHTHiira, coodmaAocb, hto «rpaMOTHWX aioagh Ha CTopoHe deAHOTbi Majio. BoAbLUHHCTBO KUpTHBCKOH HHTGAAHreilUHH, BCT3B Ha CTOpOHV daft- CTBa h dejioft kocth, opraHH30B3Ao « A a 3 ui»... A btohomhji « Ajiaiu- OpAW» KHprH3CKHM TpyAHLLLHMCH He Hy>KHa»'. B A idacape CoBeTCKan B.iacTb ycTanoBHAacb 12 HHBapn 1918 ro- Aa. B 3tot AeHb doAbineBMCTCKan rpynna coAAaT-tjDpoirroBHKOB, ocJjopMHBiuaHCH b nawaAe HHBapu 1918 roAa, C03BaAa codpanwe ro-1 1 )KypHaJi «BtwibuieB>HK Ka3 axcTana», N? 9-10, 1935, dp. 156. 6-1201 81

pojucKoft 6e£HOTbi h 6 e^HOTbi 6^H3Jie>KamHx ceji, Ha kotopom 6 biJio npHHHTO pciHciiHe o nepexo^e BJiacTH b pyKH CoBera. o 3aMeHe CTapocT CoseTaMH b ce^iax, o npoBejzeiiHH lunpoKOH pa3'bflCHHTe,ib- hoh pa6 oTbi b yc3iie cpeaH pyccnoro h Ka3axcnoro naceJienHH no non- roTOBKe h co3biBy ye3/iHoro CT>e3.4a Cobctob. H a 3tom co6 paiiHH 6 bi- jih H36paHbi ynojniOMoqeHHbre no opraiiH3auHH C obctob b ceJiax h ay^iax h no BbiOopaM AejreraTOB Ha crbe3A.! Bo.ibinyio no.womb OojibincBHKaM ATOacapcnoro ye3/>a 0Ka3aJia OMcnan napTHiniaa opraiiH3auHH, nanpaBHB T y a a cbohx q;ienoB c jih- TepaTypOH h hhctpvkiihhmh. IloiiroTOBJieHHbift 6 o.ibmeBFiKaMH ye3JiHbift Cbe3H CoBeTOB naqa;i cboio paOoiy 17 cf>eBpa;iH h npo/io^i>Ka.a ee j io 20 <J>eBpajiH. K riaqa- Jiy cr»e3Aa coOpa.nocb okojio 100 AeJieraTOB, b tom HHCJie ot 12 Ka- 3axcKHx BO-iocTeft. Cpe^H ,z*ejieraTOB-Ka3axoB ObiJiH A^HjibOex M aft- KyTOB h /ipvrue OoJibiueBHKH. C ’b e3 Jl oOcyAHJI TCKyiUHH MOMCHT, H36paJl HCnOJIKOM COBeTa, op- ranH30Ba^ OTAeJibi. BoJibiiiHHCTBo Cbe3jia noimepjKajio GojibiueBHKOB no bc6m BawiiefiiiiHM BonpocaM. C\"be3A noiuepwaA no-iHTHKy CoBeTCKoro npaBHTeAbCTBa, nanpaB- jiCHHyio Ha 3aKjnoqcHHC Mnpa; pacnycTHji npo/ioBo.nbCTBenHyio ynpaBy, a ee ACJia nepe/iaji BoeHHo-npoAOBo;ibCTBeHiiOMy oT/ie.iy; no- CTaHOBmi peopraHH30BaTb MecTHyio KOManny, AeM06H:iH30BaTb coji- jx a iy oO'bHBHTb HaOop ^.oOpoBOJibueB b KpacHyio rBapamo; n p im a ji k 6 opb6 e c caMoroHOBapeHHeM; nocTaHOBHJi oOecnenuTb ceMCimofi ccy/iofi OeAnefinjee iiacejieHne, a ccMbH yOHTbix, paHeHbix h tcx coji* «7iaT-(j)pOHTOBHKOB, y KOTOpbIX He 6 hIJI0 XJieOa,— npO/lOBOJIbCTBeKHoS ccyAofi; npHHHJi nocTaHOB..ieHHe o BBenenHH nporpeccHBiioro noAO- xoAnoro iia/iora; o6a3aji 3eMeAbHbift OTAe.i npoBecTH nepene^i 3ew.an na oahh roA c tgm, qToObi 6e3JiomaAiibie nojiyqHJin aeMAfo Ha yqacr- Kax B03Jie ce.’ia, OAiiojiomaah bie AaAbiue, a ocTaAbHbie eme aa.nbine; BMeHHJi b o6a3aHHOCTb OoraTbiM KpecTbJinaM ao Bbie3Aa iia cboh no;iH 3anaxaTb no oahoh AecnTHHe iia njiyr 6e3JioiiiaAHbiM co.nAaT- K3M. O be3n nocTaHOBHJi noBecTH mnpoKyio arnTaunio qepe3 q/ieHOB CoBeTa A^HJibOeKa MawnyTOBa h Apyrwx i<a3axoB cpeAH Ka3axcKom HacejieHHH 06 yBe^iHqeiiHn noceBOB b Tex xo3HHCTBax, KOTopbie panee CCHAH, a TaK>KC pCLUHJI BblACAHTb Ka33XCKOMy HaceJieHHIO CeMCHHyiO CCyAy H OK33aTb nOMOlUb CeJlbCK0X03HHC-TBeHHbIM HHseHTapeM2. B TeqeHHe nenaOpn 1917— ^eBpaJia 1918 roAa CoBGTCKaa B.'iacTb ObiJia ycTaHOBJieHa bo Bcex bojiocthx, ccyiax h a yjia x A kmojihhcko^ oOjiacTH.3 *** TpyilHLUHeCH AxMO^HlICKOft oO^iaCTH, KaK H BC.efi CTpaHbl, B3HB BJiaCTb B CBOH pyKH, CTpCMHJIHCb ObICTpee nepefiTH K MHpHOMy C03H* naTejibHOMy Tpy^y. O hh ropnqo npHBeTCTBOBajin ycHJiHH KoMMy- 1 A pxhb Ka3(t)HJiH2wi^ HMJI, (|). 811, BocnoMHiiaHHe Kjthmchko ^>. A. : 2 Taw >kc, BOCiioMHuaHHc BacoBa H. 3 LirAO P CCCP, 393, on. 2, a . 22-a. jijt. 69— 73. 82

HHCTHMecKoft napTHH h CoBeTCKoro npaBHTe^bCTBa, HanpaBJieHHbie Ha BbIXOil H3 BOHHbl H 3aK„lIOlICHHC MHpa C ICpMaHHCH. riocjieAOBaTejibHafl noJiHTHKa MHpa HaTo;iKHy/iacb iia o>KecTOHeii- Hoe conpoTHB.aeHHe MeHbineBHKOB, 3cepos, 6yp>Kya3Hbix naunona- ^IHCTOB H ApyrHX Bpa>K/ie6 HblX COBCTCKOH B.T3CTH 3JieMeHT0B. Ilyc- Kan b xoii KjieBeTy, npoBOKau.HK> h uponne rpH3Hbie cpeacTBa, ohh nbna.'iHCb o6 MaHyrb waccbi h copBaTb ycHvina coBeTCKoro napoiia, nanpaBJienHbie Ha 3aBoeB3HHe mhphoh nepe^biuiKH. HeouenHMyio noMomb 6o.7bLueBHKaM CeBepnoro Ka3axcTaHa b 6opb(5e 3a yiCHHiicKyio jihhhio b Bonpoce o wupe OKasa/iH pemeiiHsi V II c'bean.a napTHH, cTaTbH h penn B. M. JleiiHHa, nytfjiHKOBaBinaecH b «FIpaB;ie», «M 3BecTHHx BLIMK», «I5e;woTe», a TaiOKe b MecTHoU cobctckoh nciiaTH. Komhtct A kmo/ihhckoh opranH3auHH P K n ( 6 ) B Te^erpaMMe na hmh U K PK.ri(6 ) npociui Bbicbi.iaTb napTHHHyio ;ih- TepaTypy, «ripaB/iy» h Apyrne raaeTbi.1 rieTponaB.noBCKHft Cobct 8 w a p m 1918 rojia, oScyauB Bonpoc o MHpHbix n ep erosop ax h npeiiJio>KeHHOM mhphom jioroB op e, nocTa- iiobhji iipucoeAHiiHTbCH k pemeiiHio B L lH K a h AOBepHTb UeiiTpaJib- homv Hcno.THHTe^bHOMy KoM H Teiy nojuincaTb MHpubifi aoroBOp, MTOfibI riOJiyMHTb BO3M0>KHOCTb <OlieprHmiO H KpenKO CIUIOTHTbCH H peiHHTeJlbHblM 06pa30M npOBO/XHTb B >KH3IIb CBOH HaHHIiaHHH, K3KO- Bbie iioGbiTbi ueiioK) CxvibiiiHx >KeprB»2. JleHHhckvio mhkd b Bonpoce MHpa e/iHuoiiyiinio no/mepwaJiH 6 o,ibujeBHKH O mck3, neiponaB.ioBCKa, paSoMHe KOHcepBiioro, KO>Ke- BeHHbix 3apoiioB, CnaccKHx h .apyrnx npeiinpHHTHfi. IlapTHHi/bie opraifH3auHH o6.aacTH v/ie^H/in rviaBiioe BHHMaiiHe CTpoHTe^bCTey h yKpen.aeHHio opraHOB ijHKTaTypbi npojieTapnaTa— Cobctob, Tai< Kan sto Sh -io b3>khchiiihm ycjioBHBM ycneujHoro CTpon- Te^bCTBa noBoro, comia.incTHHecKoro otfmecTBa. Heo/iHOBpeMeHHOCTb ycraHOB.aeHHa C obctckoh BJiacTH b o6;iacTH odyCvioBHJia h pa3HO- BpeMeHHOCTb ec ynpoHCHHH. B O mckom h IleiponaB^oBCKOM ye3Aax, HMeBiHHx CH.TbHbie napTHHMbte opraHH3aunH, oho pa3BcpTbiBa.aocb 6bicTpee, b oTAajieHHhix ye3,nax — KoKneTaBCKOM, AT6acapcKOM h A k- mo-thhckom — mc/uichnee. Miioroe 3aBHce,io ot ape^iocTH napinfi- Hbix opraHH3auHft, ot ypoBim hx pyKOBojiCTBa Cobct3 mh, ho npn Been cjio>khocth npouecca ynpoMeHHH ConeTCKoft BJiacTH b o6aaciH o6uihm ajih Been o&aacTH hbahjick cjiom craporo, 6yp>Kya3Horo ro- cyAapcTBeHHoro, Ko.iOHHa.ibHoro annapaTa h co3/ianHe iiobopo, co- bctckoi'o rocy^apcTBenHoro annapaTa, e/iHiioro ;uia Been crpaHU h, hto oco6enHo b3 >kho nonqepKiiyTb, co3^anne ceTH C obctob tpyjifl' ihhxch b ay.aax h ce-iax. Bo Bcex ye3aax o6.«iacTH 6 biJiH ynpa3/iHenbi ropo/icKHe ^yMbT, 3eMCKHe co6 paima, ye3/iHbie h BOJiocrnbie ynpaBbi, 3eMejibHbie h npo- .noBO^bCTBenHbie KOMHTeibi, nepecevieHHecKHe ynpaBJienna, bojioct- iiue ynpaBHTc.TH h ayjibHbie CTapuiHiibi. Ha hx Mecie co3AaBa.THCK 1 ApxHB HM/I npw UK KnCC, 17, on. 1, ea. xp. 124, ji. 2. 2 LU’ A O P CCCP, 4>. 393, on. 3, r . 356, * ji, 277—290.. 6* &

CoBeTbi, CpaBiune b cboh pyKH ynpaBAenne BceMH CTOpOHa.MH xo3afi- CTBeHHOH H KyAbTypHOft 2KH3HH 0(5jiaCTH. MecTiibie napTH^Hbie opraHH3aunH, Oopacb 3 a co3AaHHe cobct- c K o ro rocyAapcTBenHoro annapaTa, aa coBeTii3auHfo ayjia, He 0 6 0 - LLIAHCb M 6e3 0 LUh60K. DiaBHaH OIIIH^Ka, KOTOpyiO OHH AOnyCTHAH, COCTOJIJia B TOM, lITO, 6 opHCb npOTHB 6yp>Kya3HOH 3BT0H0MHH, OHH CTavlH OTpauaTb Iieo6 xOAHMOCTb COBeTCKOH aBTOHOMHH Ka3axcTaHa. 3 to cjiymi/iocb noTOMy, hto ohh ne itohajih npnimiinHajibHOH pasHH- u.bi we>K;iy cobctckoh h 6yp>Kya3Hoft aBTOHOMHefl. A btohomhh, no- CTpoennaa Ha ocHOBe BjiacTH CoBeTOB Ha MecTax, ^ejiajia CoBCTCKyw BJiaCTb IVOHHTHOfi, 6.TH3KOH H pOAHOft UJHpOKHM MHCC8 M. COBCTCKaH aBTOHOMHH HBAJIAaCb MOTyMUM CpeACTBOM AAH OKOHHaTGAbHOTO OT- phlBa Macc OT 6 yp>Kya3HO-HaUHOHa-lHCTHHCCKHX BCpXOB H npHB^CHO- HHH HX Ha CTOpOHy CoBeTCKOft BJiaCTH. U K KoMMyiiHCTHqecKofl napTHH h Cobctckoc npanHTeAhCTBo bo- BpeMH HCnpaBHJIH 3TH OWHCkH HCKOTOpbIX napTHHHbIX OpraHH3aUHft. Flo nopyMenHio U K PKI~I(6 ) h CHK PC<PCP iiapoAHtaS KOMHccap no A&naM nanHOnaAbHOCTeH H. B. Ct3J1Hh o 6 paTHAca co cneuna.ab- Hoii paaHorpaMMOH k CoBeraM Kaaann, Ycj)bi, Open6 ypra, Typxec- Tana, Mpe3Bbi<iafiHOMy KOMHecapy TypraticKofi o^JiacTH A. lXw.au- THAbAHHy H ApyTHM, B KOTOpOH, VKa3an Ha OnaCHOCTb OUIHGOMHHX n03HRHft B Bonpocax aBTOHOMHH, H3J10)KHA hojiowchhh UK h ConeT* cKoro npaBHTejibCTBa no AaHHOMy Bonpocy. OnepeAHoft 3aAanefi napTH^Hbix opranH3auHft h C obctob xpaa HBAHAacb noAroTOBKa h npoB03rjrameHHe cobctcko# 3btohomhh Ka3axcTana. B CBH3H c 3thm eme CHAbnee aaocTpajiacb aajxaua co3AanHH h ynponeHHH ayjibHbix CoBeroB. napTHflHbie opraHH3auHH o 6aacTH h pyKOBOAHMbie hmh o&rcacT- hoh, ropoAcxHe h ye3AHbic CoBeru npoocAH 6 oAbmyio pa60Ty no opraHH3auHH CoBeTOB b boaocthx, ceAax h ayAax. ZIah pa6 oTbi cpe- ah pyccKOH h Ka3axcKoft 6 eAHOTu b ccjia h ayjibi nanpaBAHAHCb kom- mviiHCTbi H3 O mckb, I IeTponaoAOBCKa h Apyrnx ropoAOB, a Tax>Ke CnaccKHx, KapcaxnaftcKHx npOMbiiu.’ieiiHbix npeAnpHHTHfi. Onnpa- acb Ha 6 cAHOTy, ohh co3AaoaAH Taw Coneiw H3 npeACTaBHTeAen Tpy- AHLUHxch. B nepBbre Mecaubi 1918 roAa no Bcefi ofiAacTH iiiAa 3»ep- PHHHaH pa()OTa no OpraHH3aiI.HH BOAOCTHblX, CCAbCKHX H ayAbHblX COBOiOB KpeCTbHHCKHX H Ka33XCKHX AenyTaTOB H no oSbeAHHeilHIO hx c CoBeTaMH paCowHx h coaa3tckhx AenyTaTOB. 1 ripn 3tom 6 oAbuieBHKaM npmiJAOCb Becm TpyAHyio h ynopHyio 6 opi>6 v 3 a KpecTbHHCTBo c 3cepaMH, oKonanmziMHCH b 3ewCTBax h npeBpaTHBUIHMH HX B CBOH OnopHbIC nyHKTbl CopbGbl IipOTHB CoBeT- QKOH B/iaCTH. Bojibhian pa3'bHCHHTeAbHaa pa6oTa 6oAbmeBHKOB, noAAHHHO Ha- poAHan noAHTHKa ConeTcxoft BAacTH, AaBiuan TpyAnmHMcn Bcex Ha-. UHOHHAbHOCTeH MHp, 3CMAIO, CB060Ay, yCHJIHBajlH OTXOA TpyAOBOTO KpCCTbHHCTBa OT 3CepOB H nepeXOA HX Ha CTOpOHy KoMMyHHCTHHe- ! U fA O P CCCP, 393, an. 3, a - 356, jm. 269— 272. 84

ckoA napTHH. KpecTbHHC ccAa TpoHUKoro neTponaBJiOBCKoro ye3Aa, pyKOBOAHMbie 6 o.nbmcBHKa\\iH, BbiHCC.au npHrocop 06 ynpa3AneiiHH aeMCKoft KBapTHpbi h HMiunHbi, a y3H3B o npHe3^e HHci'pyKTOpa no BBe/ieHHK) 3CMCTB3, 33HBHJIH O TOM, HTO «HM HC Hy>KHO HHKaKOH ynpaBbi», a TaK>Ke nocranoBHAH «pa3AaTb oSpamo Ha pynn co6paH- Hoe caMOo6jio>KeHHe b cyMMe 900 pytfjieft...*1 B cejie HoBOHHKOJiaeBCKOM roro >Ke ye3Aa KpecTbHHe noA pyxo- boactbom 6oJibineBHKOB pa3orHaAH 3CMCKyio ynpaBy h o6pa30Ba.an C obct KpecTbHHCKHx AenyraTOB.2 BoAbiuyio pojib b C03A3HHH ayjibHO-ceJibCKHX Cobctob KpecTban- ckhx h Ka3axcKHx AeiiyTaTOB cbirpaJi III 3anaAHO-CH6HpcKHft cbe3A Cobctob KpecTbHHCKHx AenyTaTOB (nunapb 1918 r.) h ye3AHhie Cbe3- Abl COBCTOB pa60HHX, COJIA3TCKHX, KpeCTbHIICKHX H Ka33XCKHX Ae- nyTaTOB. BoJibineBHKH BceMepno hcnojib30Ba.au TpHfiyuy 3thx Cbe3A0B AJIH pa3T»HCHeHHH TpyAHLUHMCH CyiUIIOCTH COBCTCKOH BJI3CTH. Ba>Knoe 3iiaHeHHc aah yKpenjieHHn Cobctckoh babcth hmcao CJ1HHHHC KpeCTbHIICKHX COBCTOB C CoB6T3MH paCoHHX H COAABTCKHX AenyTaTOB. 3 tot Bonpoc 6oAbmeBHKH BbiAHnnyjiH Ha III SanaAHO- C h6 hpckom crbe3Ae Cobctob KpecTbHHCKHx AenyTaTOB. Ct^ a noA- Aep>KaA OoAbllieBHKOB, BbICK33aACH 3a C0I03 C paOOHHMH, 3a 06-beAH- iieuHe C obctob KpecTbHHCKHx AenyTaTOB c CoueTaMH pa6onnx u coAAaTCKHX AenyTaTOB;3 0A06pHji «AeKJiapauHK) npaB TpyA«nx.erocfl h 3KcnjiyaTHpyeMoro HapoAa», Bceuejio OTBeqafomyio «HCTHiiHb!M Tpc6oBanHHM h 3anpocaM TpyAOBoro HapoAa»4. Ct>C3A OAo6pnA Tan* >ne pocnycK C obctckhm npaBHTejibCTBOM ynpeAHTejibHoro co6paHHB H OT HMCHH TpyAOBOIX) KpCCTbJIHCTBa TBCpAO 33HBHJI, HT0 KpeCTbHiie 3anaAHOii C h6hph, CeBepHoro h BocTonnoro Ka3axcTana He Aonyc- tbt pecTaBpan.Hn yypcAHTejibHoro coOpanna h hto « b 6opb6e aa (J)CAcpaTHBHyio CoBeTCKyio pecnyCjiHKy ohh bccmh, hmck)LUHmhch n hx pacnopn>KeHHH, cha3mh h cpeACTBaMH n, ripe/KAe Bcero, Gecupe- pbiBiion A0CT3BK0H xjic6 a roAOAaioiUHM ry6epiiHHM P occhh noAACp- >K3T CoBCTCKytO BJiaCTb. IlyCTb BparH pCBOAtOUHH nOMHHT, TTC MIIOrOMHJIJIHOHHOe KpeCTbHHCTBO CyMCCT yACp>KaTb CBOK) BJiaCTb, opraHH30Baimyio b Cobctm KpecTbHHCKHx paCoanx h cojiastckax AenyTaTOB h AacT caxihin /kcctokhA oTnop bccm abmum h CKpbiTHM KOIITppeBOAIOUHOHCpaM H TCM JI/KeCOHHaAHCTaM H caCOTa>KHHI<aM, KOTopbie ribiraiOTCsi ooManyrb npH riOMomu ynpcAHTe-abiioro co6pa- HHH HapOA H COpsaTb peBOAIOUHIO»5. Obe3A pa306AanHA KoiuppeBOAfouHOHnyio cymHOCTb 6yp«ya3- Hoft aBToiiOMHii Ch6hph, «HHiiero o6iuero ne HMeiouien c 3am,HT0fi HHrepecoB TpyAOBoro nacejieHHH Cn6 Hpn», nocTaHOBHA pacnycTHTb 1 rocapxnB Ceoepo-KasaxcTaHCKOH o6ji., 4>. 43, on. 1, A- 404, ji. 97. 3 TnM jkc. 3 C6 . AonyMeHTOB «OMCKne OoJibixieBHKH d 6 ophCe 3a BJiaCTb Cobctod» , 1952. CTp 66. 4 Ta.v* >Ke. 8 TaM ;«e, CTp. 67. 85

CntfHpcKoe o6.aacTHoe 6yp>Kya3iioe «npaBHTe.ribCTBO» 1 h eme pa3 noA- qepKHyji, mto «eanHCTBCHHOH BJiacTbio b Cn6npn MoryT 6biib o6j\\a- CTHbie CoBCTbi KpecTbjiHCKHx, paSomix h coAAarcKHx AenyTaTOB*2. H36pamibiH III 3anaAHo-CH6HpcKHM CT>e3AOM CoBeroB KpecTbHH- ckhx AenyTaTOB h A kmoahhckhm oftAacTiibiM cb e3;iOM pafioqnx h co^AarcKHx AenyTaTOB HcnoAHHreAbHbiH komhtct nepenMenoBaA A k- MOAHHCKyiO o6jTaCTb B OMCKyiO OdjiaCTb H oO'bflBHA e^HHCTBeHHOH BJiacTbio b Heft O mckhh oOAac'rnoft HcnoAHHTeAbHbirt komhtct ConeTa patfoHHX, co^aaTCKHX h kpcctbhhckhx AenyTaTOB.3 B cootbctctbhh c 3THMH peiiieHHBMw b tc^chhc (})enpaAH — anpeAn 1918 roAa npoii30- uijio ofrbeAMiienne ConeioB paOoMHx h coAAaTCKHX AenyTaTOB- c Co- BeTa.MH KpecTbHHCKHx h Ka3axcKHx AenyTaTOB bo Bcex ye3/tax o6 - AaCTH. 28 (JjeBpaAH 1918 roAa coOpaAcn A xmoahhckhTi ye3AHbift CT>e3A CorseroB pa6onHX, coAAaTCKHX, KpecTbjiHCKHX h K33axcKHX AenyraTOB. H a ci>e3Ae npucyrcTBOBaAo 224 AeAeraTa c pewaiomHM toaocom h 50 AeAeraTOB c coaemaTeJibHbiM roaocoM. Ct^ a cwrpaA orpoMtiyio poAb b ynponeiiHH Cobgtckoh babcth b caMOM 0TAa.nevmoM ye3Ae oOjiacTH. O h 3acjiymaji h oOcyAHA ao- KJiaA o TeKymew MOMenre h noAoweHMH b A kmoahhckc h 03iiaK0MHA- ch c MHCTpyKUHefi o (|)0pMe o6pa30BaHH5i CoBeTOB. Bbipa>«aa no- >KeAaHHA TpyAHiUHxcn ye3Aa, BbicKa3aiuibie hmh b naKa3ax cbohm AeAeraTaM, ct^ a noAaBAnioiiuiM OoAbuiHHCTBOM toaocob nocTano- BHA «ITpH3HaTb BAaCTb CoBCTOB BO BCefi nOAHOTe»4. Obe3A npomeA noA 3hhkom HHTepHan.HOHaAH3Ma, noA 3H3KOM CI1AOHCHHS! pyCCKHX, Ka3axCKHX H AP>THX TpyAHIUHXCH M3CC AP>THX HaiiHOHajibHOCTefi. 3 to npoHH3binacT nee penicillin cbeaAa. H o 3e- MGAbHO.My BOnj)OCy CT>e3A BbICK33aACH 3a TpyAOByK) Hop My «AAH Bcex 3eMAepo6oB KHprH3 HAH pyCCKHX 6C3 HCKAIOMeHH5I...»5; HO BOnpOCaM TOproBAK nocTaHOBHA, *ito a o tcx nop, nona nacTHan ToproBAn hc nepeHAOT b pyKH KoonepaTopoB, a o a >kch ObiTb ycTaHOBAeH cTpornft KOHTpOAb.6 C-be3A H36paA HcnoAKOM ye3A H oro CoBeTa paOoMHX, coaa3tckhx, KpeCTbBHCKHX H Ka3aXCKHX AenyTaTOB CpOKOM Ha TDH MCCHUa B cocraBe 79 mcaobck: H3 hhx 30— or pyCCKHX BOAOCTeft, 24 — ot na- 3axcKoro HaceAennji, 20 — ot ropoACKoro npoACTapnaTa. B COCT3B HCnOAKOMa BOIIIAH GOAbinCBMKH: HecTOp M ohhh, 5a- Ken CcpHKOaeB, 3axap KoTneHKO, CaKCH Ceftcj)VAAHH, OeoAOCHH Kpnnory3, BAaAHMHp MapTbiAora, BeKMyxawcTOB, BacHAwii r psi3HOB h KoiiAparbCBa EAii3aBCTa HeTpOBHa.7 llpeAceAaTCAeM ncnoAKOMa 1 C6. AOKyMeHTOB «OMCKHe CojibuieuHKH b Copb6e 3 a n;iacTb CoueroB», 1952, CTp. 68. 2 TaM we. 3 TaM we. 4 rocapXHB OMCKofi 0 6 /1., <J). 284, on. I, a . 104, jia. 1— 4. 5 TaMwe, A. HO, j \\j i . 1— 4. 6 Taw we. 7 TaM we. m

6bui H36paH 6 ojibmeBHK 3. KaTMeuxo, 3aMecTHTCJieM— 6oJibiucBHi< BaxeH CepHxSaeB. Ct>c3a enHHorJiacHO nocTaHOBHJi yAOBAeTBopHTb Hy>KnaiomeecH, HeHMymee HaceAeiiHe upoAOBOAbCTBCHHbiM h ccMeHHbix xJieGoM, oxa- 3aTb eMy riOMOIUb >KHBbIM H MepTBblM Ce.1bCKOX03HliCTBeHHbIM Hll- BOHTapeM,1 a TaK>KC xoH(j)iicxoBaTb 6o.ibUJiie xariHTaAbi h xpynnyio Kani!Ta.TIHCTH«ieCKyK> COtfCTBeHHOCTb, npOH3BeCTH y^ICT H peXBH3HUHK) x.'icCa h CKOTa y xyAaxos h 6acB h nepcaaTb TaxoBbie b pacnopn>xe- HHe CoBercKOH BAacTH, ynH‘iTo>KHTb orpytfHbie yqacTKH.2 C>»e3^ .nocTaHOBH.T bbccth 8 -qacoBOfi patfownn AeHb aaj? bcxKoro HaextHoro Tpyiia, nocTaHOBHA BBecTH bcco6uivio TpyAonyio noBHii- HocTb, BecTH pcuiHTejibHyio 6opb6 y c ca6oTa>XHHxaMH C obgtcxoh BJiacTH, npe^aean hx peBOAionHoinroMy TpiftfyHaAy. Obe3A noc'Tawo- bh.i T3K>Ke o6pa30BaTb HOBbiH, uapoAHbiii c>a , CTporo npccAeAOBaib cavtocyAbi; 06pa3OBaTb Bbi6opHyio xoHTpoAbHyio xomhcchio uaA Bce- mh ylipe;-KAeHHBMH b ropoAe h ye3Ae. Ci>e3A noTpe6oBa.i, «m o6bi 3aKOHbi w AexpeTbi, H3AaBaeMbie npa- BHTeAbCTBOM npoJIGTapCKO-KpeCTbHIICKOH PeCIiy6AHXH, npOBOAHTb B >KH3Hb HeMeA^eimo, hh nepcA hcm He ocTaHaBAHBancb, ecjiH (5yAeT npennrcTBHe co croponbi Cyp>xya3HH»3. On noA’iepxiiy.i noAomeT- nocTb machob AxMOAxncxoro CoBeia napoAy. 2 MapTa 1918 roAa ci>e3A 3axoHHHA cboio pa6oiy. Ha BTopofi Aeub cocTOHAacb MHoroTbicqqHaH ManH^ecranMH TpyAam uxcsi Bcero ye3Aa — xa3axoB, pyccxnx, yxpaHimeB, TaTap h npeACTaBHTeAefi Apyrnx HauHOHaAbiiocieH, oAodpUBinan peiuenwn c*b03Aa CoBeTOB.4 C 6oAbuiHM ycnexo.M npomcA CT>e3A CoBeion xa3axcxnx AenyTa- tob AxMOAifHCKoro ye3Aa b wapTe i 9 J8 roAa. PyxoBOAHAH cbeaAOM ooAbiueBiiKii bo maBe c 5. Cepnx6aeBbiM. C'beaA pa3o6.iaqHA nepeA TpyAOBbiMH xa3axcxHMH waccaMH KOHTppCBOAIOLLHOHHyiO ACHTCAbHOCTb CaM03BaHH0l'0 ajiaill-Op/iblHCKO- ro «npaBHTeAbCTBa», co3AaiiHoro xa3axcxHMH 6yp>xya3iibiMH nauHO- najiHCTam ii, 3.ieHiiiHMH BparaMH x a 3 a x c x o ro napoAa. B cbocm peuie- HHH CT>C3A 33HBHA, MTO OH «nOCTaHOBAGHHe BTOporO o6meKfiprH3CKO- ro c i ^ A a b A e x a 6pe 1917 roAa b O peH 6yp re 0 xnprH3cxoft aBTOHO- mhh iio a na3BaiiHeM A A a m -O p A a , x a x corAaiuenne caMO3BanH0e, npHHHToe xyqxoH xaAeTOB, cMHTaeT xaTeropiiM ecxn HeAencTBHreAb- HbIM»5. 4 MapTa 1918 roAa O mckhA o(5a 3cthoh hciioaxom o 6parHACH x OpeH6yprcxoMy CooeTy c npocb6on 3axpwTb opraH KOiuppeBOAK)- hhohhoh napTHH «A A am »— ra3eTy «K a3ax», OTxpbiTO BbiCTynaBiuyio npOTHB CoBeTCXOH BAaCTH H pa3>XHI'aBLliyiO naUHOHaAbHyiO p03Hb B xpae.6 • TocapxHB OwcKofi o6jiaCTH, (p. 284, on. 1, a . HO, jui. 1—4. 2 TaM >Ke. 3 TaM we, A. 104, ji. 3—4. 1 ra3eTa O mck, JSf® 46, !4 MapTa 1918 r. 5 UrAOP CCCP. <p. I318, on. I, a. H7, a . 40. 6 focapxHB Omckom o6ji., $. 1318, on. I, a. 117, ji. 40. 87

• 7 MapTa 1918 ro^a A kmojihhckhh CoBeT ynpa3jiHHJi KnprHscKHft KOMHTeT — opraH K33axcKHX SKcnJiyaraTopcKHx KviaccoB.* KnprH3- cKHe KOMHTeTbi 6 ujih ynpa3iiHeHW h b ijp yrn x y e 3iiax. npH CoBe- Tax 6bUin co3^aHbi HauHOHaJibHbie cexiuiH ju in padorbi cpe^n xa- 3axcKoro Hace-ieHHa.21 IlonbiTXH a-nam-opiibiHueB BocnpenflTCTBOBaTb yripoqeHHio CooeTCXoft BJiaCTH norepne/in nopawein-ie. Ka3axcKHe Tpy^fimnecn Maccbi peiiiHTeiibHO bct3.th na cTopoHy CoBeTCKoft B.na- CTH. B neTporiaBJiOBCKOM ye3j e otf-beaHHeriHe CoBeTOB npOH30iu*io no3>Ke, neM b flpyrHx ye3iiax o6.iacTH. B anpejie 1918 roiia 4-h rier- ponaB.aoBCKHH ye3^HbiH ci>e3A CoBeTOB xpecTbflHcxnx, Ka3axcKHx h Ka3aiibHx Aeny'raroB npwiiHJi no npciyiowcHHio 6 o.ibLiicBHCTCi<oii cf)paxuHH pemeiiHe o6 be,aHHHThcsi c CoBeTOM pa6o4nx iienyraTOB h npH3navT bucuihm opranoM B,iacrn b >63,36 y e 3^HbiH ConeT pa6o4HX. KpccTbHHCKHx, xa3axcxnx h xa3a4 bHx aenyTaTOB3. B 3tom ye3ae npo- H301BJI0 o6 -beAHHeHHe Cobstob pa6 o4 nx AenyTaTOB, Cobctob xpecTb- hhckhx h K33axcKnx iienyTaroB h CoBeroB Ka3anbHX AenyTaTOB. B iipyrux >xe yeaaax o6 jiacTH (AT6 acapcxoM, KoxneTaBcxoM h A kmo- jihhcxom) 3Toro » e yaajiocb zloGhtbcb. Ta\\i cymecTBOBajiH cramin- ribie npaBJieHHH — opraabi oc|)Hu.epcxo-xa3a4beft BepxymxH, HMeBiiwe CBOH BOOpy>KeHIIb!e CHJIbl. yxperuienHe CooeTcxoft bjibcth b AxMOJiHHCKoft o6,iacTH Bbi3Ba- jio Gemenoe conpoTHBiieiiHe CBCprHyTbix 3KcnjiyaraTopcKHx KJiaccoB. rJiaBHbiM opranH3aTopo.M hx h 3;iecb BbicrynHjia napTHH xaiieTOB. OpraiiH3auHH xazieTCxon napTHH CTaiiH uempOM co6npaHH5i Bcex KOHTppeBo;uouHOHHbix chji. Boxpyr hhx rpynnupoBaJiHCb qepnoco- TCHHbie opraHH3auHH, o4>HH.epcxo-xa3a4b5i Bepxymxa h xa3axci<He 6 yp>xya3Hbie HauHonajiHCTbi — ajiam-opiibiHUbi. Biuecre c xafleraMH H 6yp>Ky23HUMH HaUHOHajIHCTaMH BblCTynH^lH npOTHB BJiaCTH C o ­ BeTOB acepw h MeiibuieBHKH. Ka/ieTbi, ajiain-opAbiHixu, acepbi h MeHbiueBHKH, onHpancb iia CBeprHyrbie axcruiyaTaTopcxHe xjiaccu, KyjiaiiccTBO, Ka3a4bio BepxyuiKy h 6 ae.B, noBCJin uinpoKyio 3aroBop- mnuKyio noApbiBHyio AeHTejibHocTb, HanpaBjieHiiyio na cBepwenne CoBeTCKofi B.'iacTH h BoccTanoBJieHHe CTapbix 3KCii.ayaTaropcKHX riOpRUXOB. B uoHb c 16 Ha 17 w apTa otfMaHOM h n poB O xau n eH h m y^ a jio cb nOAHHTb B rieTponaBJIOBCKe XOHTppeBO/IlOllHOHHblH MHTe>K COJIA3T 3 5 -ro 3anacH oro riojixa, xoTopbift B 03 rjiaB H ii se e p T xa M e iix o , npe^ce- A^Tejib nojiKOBoro komhtot3. B occTaB iuH e ap e cT O B ajm npe/ice/iaTejin H HeKOTOpbIX HJICHOB CoBCTa. riapT H H IiaH OpraHH3aUH51 mo6 h- jiH 3 03 a.ia Bee cboh chjiu Ha rio/iaBJieuHe MHTexca. B nacTH h n o iip a a - AejieHHH 6 bWH HanpaBJienbi kommy h hctu, Koropbie pa3o6^aliH.iH npOHCKH KOHTppeBOJHOULHH, paa'bHCHHJIH CO^AaTSM HCTHHHbIH CMbICJl 6yHTa. n o il BJiiiHHHeM armauHH KOMMyHHCTOB, a Tax>Ke apecTOBaH- 1 TocapxHB Omckom 0 6 .1 ., (p. 1318, on. 1, a . 23, ji. 24. 2 TaM me. 3 >Kypnaji « 3 anaAHa5i CHCnpb>, X2 5, 21 anpejin 1918 r., CTp. 37 88

Hhix qjieHOB CoBeTa cojiasth npeKpaTHJiH MHTejK h apecTOBaAH 3a- 4HHLHHKOB. Ha nOMOlUb TpyABIUHMCA IleTpOnaBAOBCXa npH6bIJl OTpfl/l KpaCHOfl ApMHH H3 O.MCKa. yCHAHHMH KOMMyHHCTOB MJITem CfcJJI JIMKBHAHpo Ban 6e3 KpOBOnpOJIHTHH.1 TorAa kqk acepu, MeiibiueBHKH h Apyrne Bpa>KAc6 Hbie aJieMeHTbi CTpeMMAHCb K CBep>KeHHK) CoBeTCKOfi BJ13CTH H BOCCTaHOBJieHHIO pac- nymeHHoro yqpeAH TCAbtioro c o 6 paHHn, imipoKHC Maccbi pa6 oHHx h TpyAO BOro KpecrbflHCTBa Bee ycHJiHH npH Jiarajm k ynpenae- hhio CoBeTCKofl BjiacTH. 3 ro pacT ym ee AOBepne M acc k CoBeTcxofi RaacTH Ham.io ceoe ap xo e Bbipa>xeHHe b pemeiiHH rieTponanAOBCKoro CoBGTa paConux h coAAaTCKHx A en yraroB 3 AHBapn 1918 m a a no Bcmpocy 06 yqpcAHTeAbHOM co 6p am n i. B pe30JiioixHH CoseT o t m c t h a , hto «yqpeAHTeAbHoe co 6paim e TOAbKO T o rA a m o jk g t Bbipa>KaTb bojiio h TpeCooaHHe n a p o A a , xorA a BjiacTb 6yAGT naxoAHTbca b p y x a x CoBeTOB, h 6o C o b c t p a 6oMHx, COJIAaTCKHX H KpeCTbHHCKHX AenyTaTOB CCTb eAHHCTBeHHblH opran, BbipaavaiomHH boaio h bcg rp eC oB aiiH ji 6eAHeiiiiiHX patfom ix, xpccTb- hh h coAAaT...», a n o ro M y nocTaiiOBHA: «Bca B A acrb b ueiiTpe, Tax k Ha M ecTax AOA>Kna npHHaAAe>KaTb C oe eraM h rp e 6yeM ot yqpeAH - TCAbHoro co 6panHM 3aKpenA6HHa 6 c3 M aAeiiiiiero KOAedaima CoBeT- cxotf p c c n y 6a h k h , h 6o TOAbKO npH raKOM o6pa3e n p a B A e H iia Bee H am ii T p e6oBaHHa M oryT 6 biTb ocym ecTBAenw 6e3 b c b k h x 3aTpyA- HeHHH»2. 3 to nocTaHOBAeHne, npifnaroe eAHHorjiacHo, GbiJio naKa30M Ae- AeraTy Ha 111 BcepoccmicKHH c*be3A C o bcto b — 6oAbmcBHi<y M. /ly- CbiiiHiiy. CoBeT TpedoBaA: «...yAaAHTb H3 yqpeAHTeAbHoro co6 panHa npeA- CT3BHTCA6M K3J16T0D H ApyrHX KOHTppCBOAlOUHOHHblX fiapTHH, h6o npHcyTCTBHe hx Mo>KeT copBaTb ocymecTBACHHC H3Aauiibix AenpeTOB CoBeTa HapoAHbix KoMHccapOB, H3AaHHhix corAacHo rpe6 oBaHHJi napoAa, h yBeAH^HTb npeACTasHTCACH ot ap.MHH (f>poHTa»3. 8 HHBapa 1918 roAa HeTporiaBAOBCKHH CoBeT paCoMHx h c o a a 3t - c k h x A e n y T a ro B , 3a cA yiu a n h o 6 cyAHB AOKJiaA C oAbuieBH xa n . Pw - >k o b 3 o p o cn y cK e yqpeA H T tvibH oro co6paunn, nocTciiioBiiji: «npH- BeTCTBOBarb CoBeT HapoAH bix KoM HccapO B h Bc.epoccHfic.KHft cbe3A CoBAenO B, KaK eAHHCTBCHUblX Bbipa3HTeACH BOAH TpyAOBOTO napoAa, HeyKAOHHO npoBOAHiunx b >k 11311b see Hacymnbie Tpe6oBaHHH 6ea- HeftUIHX KpeCTbAH, p a 6o ‘IHX H COAA2T»4. 3 to pemenne Bbipa>KaAo boaio nccro TpyAOBOro napoAa o6a s - cth. AnaAorHMHbie pemeHHH 6 bjah npHmiTbi b Apyrwx yesAax, b o a o - cthx, ayAax h Aa>xe neKoropbix Ka3am>HX ciaHHuax. Tax, o6 mee co6 paHne K ohk^xobckoh cTaHHUbi I IeTponaBAOBCKoro ye3Aa 25 (beo- paAH 1918 roAa na Bonpoc 06 OTiiomeHHn noftcxa k yqpeAHTeAhiiOMy co6paHHio nocraHOBHAo: «T a x xak ynpeAiiTCAbiioe co6 paHHe nocar- > ULrAOP CCCP, 4>. 393, on. 3. a - 356, ji. 261. 3 Ta.M >Ke, jui. 256—257. 3 TaM >kc. . 4 Taw >Ke, ji. 258. 89

n y j i o Ha npaBa TpyAonoro napo/ia, bbhav Hero oho aojihcho 6 biTb pacnymeno... xo3hhhom 3cmjih pyccKoft AOJi>KeH Obirb caM TpyaoBofi HapOA b .Tune CoBeTOB KpecTbmicKHx, pa6oHHx h cojiastckhx Aerry- raTOB^1. Ba>KHeAmee 3iraqeiiHe ajia vKperureHHA BAacTH C obctob h 3amn- Tbl 3aBOeBaiIHH OKTH6 pbCKOft COUHaJIHCTHHeCKOH peBOAIOUHH HMeJIO C03A3HH6 BOOpV/KeHHblX CHJ1. H3BCCTHO, HTO B XOAe yCT2H0BJIeHHA CoBeTCKOH BJiacTH b neTporraBJioBCKe, AKMOJiHHCKe, KoKqeiaBe h AT6 acape 6 hjih co3Aanbi otphau KpacHofi rBapAHH. K Ma:-o 1918 roaa Kpacnan rBapAHA AKMOJiHHCKa HacqHTbma.ia 200 qe*ioBCK. B n e e bxoahah bcg HJienbi CoBera.21 15 MapTa 1918 roAa MeTponaBAOB- ckhh CoBer npnuHJi peiueHHe Boopv>KHTb BOJiocTHbie ApyacHHbi.3 B COOTBeTCTBHH C AGKpeTOM C H K PC<1>CP OT 15 AHB3pfl 1918 ro;ia b ye3Aax A kmoahhckoh o 6 j ib c t h cecHoft 1918 roAa Haqa.iH co3AaBaTbca qacTH KpacHoft A pmhh. 15 MapTa 1918 ro/ia HcnojiKOM neTporiaB.ioBCKoro CoBeTa, oOcvahb oonpoc o C03AaHHH Kpacnoft ApMHH, o6pa30Ba,n opraHH3auHOHHyio komhcchio bo rjiaBe c t . H y- OblHHHMM H HITa6 KpaCHOH ApMHH B COCTaBC 3aHKHHa H TenAAH- UGBa. HcnoJiKOM npeAJio>KHJi OojibmeBHCTcxoH opraHH3aiiHH, a raK>Ke npoc})coi03aM w ApyrwM opraHH3aunAM oOeyAHTb AaHHbiH Bonpoc h 0Ka3aTb no.Momb b opraHH3aUHH KpacHOH A pm hh.4 «M 3bccthh» nerponaB.aoBCKoro ConeTa e>KeAHeBHO noMemajiH oC'bHB.neiiHe uiTaoa KpacHofi A pmhh 06 OTKpbiTHH 3anHCH b Kpac- nyio ApMHK) H napTH3aHCKHH OTpHA H O6 yCJIOBHAX IipHCMa B Kpac- HyK) ApMHfO.5 16 MapTa 1918 roAa A kmoahhckhA ye3AHbin C obct, otfcyAHB Bonpoc 06 opraHH3aUHH Kpacuoft A pmhh, H36paA AByx opraHH3aio- pOB — 60AblHeBHKOB MOHHHa H UL'IIOWeHKO. O ny6AHK0Bannan b «H paBAe», «H3BecTHAx h bo Bcex MecTiibix coBeTCKHx ra3eTax pa6oTa B. H. JleiiHHa «OqepcAHHC 3aAaHH CoBeTCKoft BJiacTH» npHAa.na 6 opb6 e riapTHHHbix h cobctckhx opraHH3aixHH 3a ynpoweHHe C obctckoh bjibcth mnpoKHft pa3Max h nejieycTpeMJieHHOCTb. P y koboactbvacb jighhhckhm njiauOM npHCTyna k coHHaAHCTHwecKOMy CTpoHTeAbCTBy, napTHHHbie opraiiHaaiiHH h C oBeTbi odJiacTH noBejiH 6 opb6 y 3a ycTanoBAeHHe yqeTa h kohtpoaa naA npoH3BOACTBOM h pacnpeAejieHHeM. napraftHbie, conercKHe h npo({)coi03Hbie opraHH.aaiUfH o&nacTH co3AaBajiH KOMHTethi paOonero KOHTpOAA, Ha3Haqa.TH KOMHCCapOB Iia npeAnpHHTHH H yqpOKACHHH. BBeAenne patfoqero kohtpoaa naA npoH3BOACTBOM h pacnpeaejieHHeM BCTpcqa.no ropHqyio noAAep>KKy patfoHHX. OAnoBpeMeHiio c ycTaHOBJienHeM pa6oqero koiitpojih CoBeTbi ne- pexoAHAH k HanHOHaJiH3auHH npeAnpHHTHfi. B HeTponaBAOBCKe b TeneiiHe Mapia — anpejin 1918 roAa 6 ujih HauHonaAH3HpoBaHbi Kpyn- 1 TocapxHB O mckoh o6 jiacTH, (J). 1706, on. 3, a. 112, nn. 302—304. 5 «DojiMiieBHK K£3axcraHa», Ks 9-10, 1935, CTp. 168. 8 UrAOP KaaCCP. ({). 393, on. 3, a . 356, JUi. 277— 290. 4 T a M we. 5 <H3BecrHH rierponaH^oBCKoro CoBera P h CR » , .N« 9S, 10 Man 1918 r 90

Hbie MejibHHUbi, He(t)TeripOMbiiuyieHHwe h KepocHHOBbie c m i a n u kom- naHHH «B p . H o 6 ejib», Ko>KeBeHHbie 3aBOAbi, KOHccpBHbift 3aboa, a TaKwe OTMeHCHa HacTiian co6 cTBeHHOCTb na Kpymioe HeABHJKHMoe HMymecTBo.1 PafiOMMH KOHTpOJIb ChIJI BB€A6 H Ha CliaCCKHX npeAIlpHHTHHX.21 Bojibiuyio noMomb MecTHWM pa6 oHHM b ocymecTBJieHHH stoh 3aaanH OKa3a.i A kmoahhckhh ye3AHbift CoBer pa6oHHx, co.iAaTCKHx, Kpe- CTbJIHCKHX H K333XCKHX ^enVT3TOB.3 11 Man 1918 roAa nocTanoBJieiiHeM CoBeTa H apoanlix K omhc- capoB 3a no^riHCbio B. H. /IennHa 6 mji HanHOHa/iH3HpoBaii CnaccKHM \\ ie jie n jia B H J ib H b iH 3 a 3 o a a K i u i o H e p n o r o o 6 mccTBa «Cn3cc*KHe MeAHbie pyAbi». Ha Hya<Abi ero C H K PC<I>CP Cwji accuriiOBan 1 mhjijihoii pyOjicH. B Tevetufe nepBOK hoaobhhbi 1918 roAa 6 t>uin u a i w o n a j i i i z i i p o B a - Hbl MeCTHbIMH CoBCTaMH GaHKH, KOHCeBeHIlbie 3aBOAbI, npeJinpHHTHfl KOMnaiiHH 3HHrep h ;ip. HauHOHaJiH3au.HH 6 aHKOB, npOMbiuuieiiHbix h ToproBbix npe^npHHTHfi riOAopBajia SKOHOMHHecKyio Momb 6 yp- >Kya3HH. Bojibiuoe BHHMauHe napTHHHbie opraHH3auHH h pyKOBOAHMbie hmh CoBCTbi A kmojihhckoS o6;iacTH yAeAHJiH iipoaoBOJibCTBemioMy eonpocy. CoBCTCKaa pecnytfjiHKa nepe/KHBa.ia HciunoHHrejibno th* >Ke;ioe npoAOBOJibCTBemioe noJio>KeiiHe. CBepniyTue 3KcnJiyaTaTop- CKHe KJiaCCU H HHOCTpaHHbie HMIlCpHaJIHCTbl CTpeMHJIHCb KOCTJlflBOfl pyKoft roAOAa sa/iyuiHTb CoBercKyio eAacTb. B nucbMe c K nuTepcKHM pa6 oMHM» B. H. JIbhhh nncaji: « T ojioa He orroro, hto xjieda neT b P occhh, a oTToro, hto 6yp>Kya3H« h Bee ooraTbte AaioT nocjieAHHfi, peujHTejibHbift 60S rocnoACTBy Tpy^amnxca, rocy^apcTBy pa6 onHx, Cobctckoh B.'iacTH Ha C3MOM b3>khom h ocTpoM Bonpoce, na Bonpoce o xjie6e » 4. 3 to nncb.MO B. H. JleHHHa 6 buio nepenenaTaHo mccthumh ra3eia\\iH O mcio h neTponaDAOBCKa. EoraTaa xjieGoM A kmo.7hhck35I o6^acTb HMeJia HCKJiioHHTejibiioe 3HaMCHHe b o 6ecneqeHHH xac6 om rojiOAaiomero Hace;ieHHH ixeHTpa CoBeTCKoft P occhh. B B033BaiiHH nerponaBJioBCKoro CoBcra roBopn- cb, h t o r o r x a , K o r n a cTpana nepe>KHBaeT r a » e ^ u ii r o n o n b ye3Ae, no CBeAeiiHHM, nocTynaioiUHM H3 cca h AepeBeHb, «ecTb xjie6 ypo>Kaa 1916 ro/ia» h hto «n o npeABapHTejibiioMy noACHCTy, H3 oahoto IleT- ponaBAOBCKoro ye3Aa mojkho no-iynHTb H3Ahiiikob x;ie6a ao 5 mha- AHOHOB nyAOB»5. B uenTpe A kmoahhckoh o6a 3cth rop. O.mckc HaxoAHJica KpaeBOH npOAOBOAbCTBeHHblS CoBeT, 06-beAHHJIBUJHS npOAOBOAbCTBeHHbie op- raHHaauHH A kmojjhuckoS, Ce.vianajibthhckoh, TypraScKoft o 6AacTeH, Ch6 hph h Ypajia. 3aceBuiHe b hcm MenbuieoMKH h acepbi iibiTa.iHCb 1 U r A O P C C C P , 4). 393, on. 3, a . 32-a, j i . 6 8 ; rocapxKB Ceuepo-Ka3axcraH- ckom oCJiacTH, 4>. 1452, on. 1, a . 1, ji. 25. 2 focapxHB O mckoA 06a . , (j). 284, on. 1, a . 23, ji. 9. 3 \"PaM JKB. 4 B. H. j i e h h h. Com., t. 27, CTp. 355. 5 I'a3 CTa «CTenHan pem>», Ns 255, 17 Hon6 pn 1917 r. 91

copBaTb BbinojiiienHe AHpeKTHB CooeTCKoro npaBHTejibCTBa no cHa6- »eHHio apMHH h npojieiapcKHx nempoB npoAOBOJibCTBHeM, *ihhh^ h BCjmecKHe npenyiTCTBHB b opraHH3aiuin 3arorOBKH h ompaBKH xjie6a B UCHTp. Of) 3tom nuca.-i H3 O mckb B.aa^iiMiip K ocapen #KOBy Muxaft^io- Bnqy CBcp^JioBy eme 1 AGKaOpa 1917 roAa. «riepBbiH Boripoc, Ba>KHbiH aj ij i FlHTepa h P occhh,— sto npoAO- BOv'ibCTBHe. y nac HMeerca oMeiib mhoto xAe6 a. H o oh b pyKax ko- oneparopoB, oOoponueB h nponHx BparoB ACMOKparHH... I I phiijjihtc napy hah AByx xopoinax, AeAbHirx pa60THHKOB no npoAOBOAbCTBHio h Mbi nouiAeM k Baw mhajihohu nyAOB xjic6 a h nponeft CHeAH. H o ecjw He cMO>Kere nocnaTb pafiorHHKOB, rrpHinjiHTe CKopee achct 100 mhaahohob pyOACH. UJAHTe MaHycf>aKTypy h opraHH3y/ire oxpaHy rpy30B b uenTpaabHOH P occhh. rocnoAa oOoponubi c ripoAOBOAhCTBHCM ACAaioT yAHBHTGAbHbie BemH. XOTJI TOBOpHT, HTO CTOfIT Bile nOAHTHKH, O^IiaKO nOAHTHKa HX TaKOBa, hto Bcio^y co3AaeTca norpoMHoe HacrpociiHe, rpo3amce cmccth hx... n PH6 buiH Banin Maipocw aah ompaBKH xAeOa, HO lie 3Fiafo, CMoryT ah ohh mo-iiHOyAb rioAeAaTb, nytfjiHKa CecnoMomHaa, HcaAb, m o H3 FlHTepa He noexaa c hhmh pyKOBOAHTeAb, nonHMaionmft TOJIK B IlpOiIOBOabCTBHH...»I /IoMan ca6ora>K MeiibineBHKOB, sccpoB h a P>thx Bpa>KAe6Hbix sjreMenTOB b npoaoBOJibCTBeHHbix opranax, CoBeTbi A kmoahhckoh O^JiaCTH FIOA pyKOBOACTBOM KOMMyiiHCTOB 0praHH30Ba.lH 3arOTOBKy H noAB03 k cTaHHHHM >Kejie3HOH AOporn coTen TbicHM nyAOB x.ne6a jwih ornpaBKH b IlerporpaA, MocKBy h npoMbiniACHHbre pafioiihi. 5 HHBapH 1918 roAa H3 O.wcKa 6 b iJ i ompaBJieH MapuipyrnbiH noe3A c xaedoM b conpoBo>KAGHHn BOopy>KeHHoro OTpHAa. B. H. Jle- HHHy 6 mao nocviaHo micbMO c npocbdon noMonb caoMHTb ca6ora>K h o6 ecnewHTb OecnepetfoftHyfo ompanxy npOAOBOAbCTBHH H3 3anaAHOH C h6itPh, b cocTaB kotoPoh bxoahah Cenepo-Bocromibie panoHbi Ka- 3axcTaHa, b ueHTp C obctckoh pecny6.iHKH.12 B . H. JlenHH TenAO npHHHJi omckhx paOonHx, c.onpoBo>KAaBUJHx nepBbifi sujejioH c npoAOBOAbCTBiieM, notfAaroAapH A paOoHHx h tPvah- uihxch Y p a jia h 3anaAHOH C h6hPh 3a iioM om b. B 3anncKe lUAHxre- p y h HeBCKOMy B. H . JleiiHH npocnji «Apxn3iieprH M H o nOMOHb 3thm a io a h m , npOH3BOAHmnM n p exp acn oe BneHaT.ieHHe, h 6o TOAbKo m im e OTpjiAbi (40— 60 qeji. c MecTa) b coctoahhh c n a c m ot r o a o A a »3. noMomb U K PK H ((5 ), CoBeTCKoro npaBHTe.abCTBa, B. H. JleHH- Ha, ycnjiHH paCoMHx h OeAneHinero KpecTbHHCTBa ypa;ia, C h6kPh h Ka3axciana, pyKOBOAHMbix MecTHUMH Oo.TbiueBHCTCKHMH oprann3a- uhhmh, o6ecneHHJiH nenpepbiBHoe yBeanaeiiHe ornpaBKH xjie6a H3 1 ApxHB HMJl npii U K KnCC, ty. 17, on. 1, a. 35, Jin. 26— 27. 2 CO. AOXyMCHTOB «OMCKHe OOJIbilieBHKH B OopbOe 3a B.iaCTb COB€TOB», 1952. CTp. 64. 8 JleHHHCKHH COopHHK, T. X V III, CTp. 212. 92

A kmoahhckoS, Cewnna^aTHHCKoft oCjiacTeii h 3anaAHoft C h6hph b M ocKBy, IleTporpaA, MBaHOBo-Bo3iieceHCK h Apyrne ropoAa. B aH B ape 1918 roAa H3 O mckb 6 buio OTnpaBJieHO 587 Tbicaa ny- a o b xjieda, a b (^espajie — yxce 1 867 twca^i ny;ioB, b MapTe — 3 309 TbiCHM ny.aoB. CpeAHecyTOMHan norpy3Ka xjie6 a b MapTe 6 bi/ia aobc- A e iia a o 5 0 thchh nyA03. HapBAbi M o c k b m h r ie r p o r p a A a O m c k b m - iiojihhji Ha 150— 200 npoueHTOB.1 3 M a p ra 1918 ro A a IleTponaBAO B- CKHH COBeT nOCTaHOBHA: BBHAy 6e3BbIXOAHOrO nOAO>KeHHa, H a d y - nHBinero BCAeACTBHe roAOAa y pa6 onnx HBaHOBO-Bo3HecencKa, HCMCAACHHO OTnpaBHTb 7 BaTOHOB MyKH B HBaHOBO-Bo3HGCCHCK.12 BoAbuioe 3HaqenHe hmc/i CbesA komwytiHCTOB 3ana/woii Cn0npH, b paOoTe KOToporo npHHHMaJiH yqacTi-ie AeAeraTbi I leTponaBAOBCKofi,- KoKHeraBCKofi, CeMHnajiaTHHCKoft h A p y rn x napTHHHbix o p ra iix s a - uhh CeBepnoro h BocTonnoro Ka3axcrana. B npHnaroft 24 Man 1918 roAa pe30JiiouHH c-be3A o6n3a.ri napTHftHbie opraHH3auHH nocTaBHTb npOAOb o a b c t Be h h bih Bonpoc na nepBbiTi njiaH h yAejiHTb eMy Max- CHMyM BHHMaHHfi;3 npHBeTCTBOBaji AGKpeT BU,HKa o BBe/ieHHH npoAOBOAbCTBemiOH AHKTaTypbi, cHHTaa ee eAHHCTBeniiofi Mepoii, mo* rymefi cviOMHTb ca6ora>K xyjiaKOB h cnacTH peBOJiioiuno, npH3BaJi nee naprHHHbie opraHH3au.HH iianpHHb Bee chabi npoBeAeiiHH b. >kh3hb AaHHoro Aexpeia. PeuieHHH, npnHJiTbie ci>e3AOM, siBHAiicb SoeBOft n p o rp a M M o fi a c h * T ejibiiocT ii a a h KOMMynucTOB H C o b c to b CeBepnoro K a 3axcrana. Bee cbo h cH Ahi ohm uanpaBAH.'/h Ha yBeAim’eHHe 3aroTOBOK x.ie6 a h HeMGAAeHnyio o m p a B icy e ro b npoM biuuieiiH bie ueHTpbi CTpaHbi. Ba>KHeiimHM ycAOBHe.M 6 opb6 bi c toaoaom HBAHAOCb ycnciuHoe npOBGACune Becemiero ceoa. HaAO dbuio He AonycTHTb coKpamenna noceBHbix n J io m a A e ii. rio.io>KeHHe ocsiOMHa.'iocb reM, hto ooa bahh- mieM Bpa>KAe6 HOH arHTaiiHH 3cepoB h Apyrux aiiTHCOBGTCKHx 3Ae- MeHTOB KpecTbBiie b oTAeAbiibix ye3Aax CTajin conpamaTb noceBbi. MecTHbre napruftHbie opraHH3atinn w Cobcth ocyrnecTBHAii p«A we- ponpHHTHH no opraHH3amiH BeceiiHero ceBa. A kmojihhckhh ye3AiibiH CoBer h Apyrne CoBeTbi b ugahx ycneiunoro npoBeAeHun BGceHHeii noceBHOH KaMnanHH npHHHAH M epbi no CBoeBpeweHHOMy otfecnene- iihio 6 eAHeHLuero Hace.ienH5i ceMeiiHbiM MaTepna.aoM.4 *** B ripouecce 6opb0bi 3a ycTaHOBJienne h ynponenne CoBGTCKoft BAaCTH BbrpOCAH H OKpenJIH napTHIIHbie OpraHH3aU.ffH A r MOAHHCKOII o6.nacTH. K ^ e iy 1918 roAa O mcksh oprauH3auHa HacnHTbiBaJia b obomx pnAax CBbiiue 2 000 HJienoB, neTponaBAOBCKan — 250 hcao- BeK. 1 M. B. K p a c h hi x. OmckHe CojibmeBHKH b ro^bi rpajKAaHCKoft boAhu, 1947, CTp. 22. 2 U rA O P CCCP, 4). 393, on. 3. a . 356, jiji. 277—290. 3 Pa3eTa «TpyAOBoe 3HaMa», .N® 55, 9 hiohh 1918 r. 4 1‘ocapxHB O mckoA o6.i., cj). 284, on. 1, A. 23, ;i. 79. 93

B 6opb6y 3a ynperuieHne rrapTHHiibix opraHH3an.HM Ka3axCTaHa 6ojibUioH BK.ia>a Buec.iH patfoTHHKH, HanpaB.aeiiHbie H3 rieip o rp a / ia , MoCKBbl H O mCK3. C HX IlOMOlUbK) 3aKa7IHJIHCb MCCTHbie 6o./ibineBH- CTCKHe KaApbl, KOTOpbie, HeCMOTpH Iia CBOIO MO-zIOZlOCTb, llOKa3a/IH ce- 6 h cnocoCHbiMH opraifH3aTopa,MH h ctohkhm h KOMMynHCTaMH. Bojib- m oe 3HaweHHe HMe^io Bocnm auHe BbiujeiUiJMx H3 hh3ob Ka3axcKoro HaCCJICHHH aKTHBHbIX rOCVAapCTBGHHblX H napTHHHbIX paGOTHHKOB, TaKHx, K3K A/iHJib6eK MaHKyTOB, Bancn C cpanC acB , KapHM C yTio- uien h NfHorae A pyrn e. BMGCTe c TeM HeoCxoAHMo OTMeTHTb, iito b 3t o BpeMH na npeA- npHHTHKX, a oco6eHHO b boaocthx, cejiax h a y jia x He fibi/io em e co3- AailO IIlHpOKOH CeTH napTHHHbJX HHeeK. ripe^CTaBHTe.TH KopeiiH oro HaceJienHji b naprHHHbix opraHH3au.H«x cocraB^JiJiH He3HaqHTe^ibiibiH npoaeHT. H o npH nceft cJia6ocTH h Ma-ioMHoienHocTH b sto t nepHoa MecT- Hwe napTHHiiwe opraHH3aunn, tgcho CBfl3aniibie c pafioMHMH, p y c - CKOH H Ka3aXCKOfi KpeCTbHHCKOH 6eAHOTOil, HOA pyKOBOACTBOM U c h t - pajii.iioro Ko.MHTera naprHH cbirpaAH p em afom yjo po.'ib b 6opb6e 3a ycTauoB.aeHHe h y n p o q eiin e CoBeTCKoft B-iacTH, 3a BOBAeneuHe r p y - AHIUHXCH Macc B COLUiaJIHCTHHeCKOe CTpOHTeJIbCTBO.

O . A . M o a g o .» it 'll a , KaHMMAaT MCTOPHM6CKHX Hd}K y C T A llC IiJII'JiJlK n illK T rilO W PJIACTH it T y p r A f t r iid f l c k j v a c t h T y p r a fic K a a o6;iacTb 6biJia o6pa30BaHa cor;racno BpeMeiiHOMy no.>io>KeHHio 06 ynpaBJiCHHH OreriHbix oOjiacTeft 1868 ro ^ a . B axiMH- HHCTparHBHOM OTHOLU6HHH oita .ae..nn:iacb Ha ve3Abi: A k tio 6hhckmh. KycTanaHCKHH, HprH3CKnft h TypraHCKHH.1 yc3Abi AejiHJiHCb 11a bo- -10CTH. Bca 3GM.nn TyprancKOH o6;iacTH 6bi.ia oO'bHB.ieHa rocyAapcTBen- Hofi coCcTBGHHocTbK) Pocchhckoh HMiiepuH. Ka3axa\\i npe/iociaB- JlSI/lOCb TO.TbKO npaBO H0JIb30BaHHH 3CM.iefi, 3a HTO OHH 06H33HM Oli.ih n^iaTHTb rocyaapCTBy KH6HTOimyio no;iaTb. Bch oTHHTan y Ka3axoa 3eM.ia Boiuaa b «nepecc;ieH»iecKiiH 4)0H<'1>>» H3 KOTOporo npaBHTejibCTBo meapo pa3/iaBa;io ce uapcKHM HHMOBUHKaM, /tyxo- BeiicTBy, Ka3anbCMy bohck>\\ HacTb 3eMe^ib «nepecejienHecKoro (})oh- Aa», tbk na3biBaeMhie «Ka6HHeTCKHe Chi-ia nepe^ana uap- CKOwy ABopy. B oC.iacTH npo>KHBajro 834 616 u e jio B C K 21. npeo6.ia.ua joluhm 6o.ib- iuhhctbom iiacejieHHH (509 227 nejioBeK) Cbijih Ka3ax«. Pyccnux 6bi- jio 321 107 wc^oBeK h 4 282 qe-iOBeKa cocTaBJiajiH nponne HaunoHaab- hocth — OaiuKHpbi, Taiaphr h t . a . OcilOBilblMH OTpaCJIHMH X03HHCTB3 OO.iaCTH 6 bUIH CKOTOBOACTBO h 3eM.iezte^He. OO^iacTb £C,iH;iacb 11a ABa ochobhux xo3HHCTBeHHi>ix pationa: ceBepitbiw (KyciaHaiicKHit h A ktio 6hhckhh ye3ja.bi), r\\ae 6bi- .io Oo.ibme pyccKHx nepece/ienuieB,— 3eM.ie,ae..ibHecKHfl h lOKUbift (HprH3CKHH h TvprafiCKHH yesAbi), b kotopom b ochobiiom 6 bi.no Ka- 3axcKoc nacejie.HHe,— CKOTOBO/mecKHii. n o ^amibiM 1915 ro;xa, H3 o6mcro KO/iHWccTBa ckot3 b oC.iacTH — 2 874 642 ro.iOBbi — Gojibinaa nacTb — 2 327 822 rojioBbi — itaxoiuutacb y Ka3axoB-KOHeBHHKOB. Pa3BHTHe CKOTOBOilCTBa, nOUHHHHHCb TpeOOBaHHHM pbIHKa, npH- HHMajio nee 6ojiee roBapiibift xapaKTep. Tan, b 1915 roAy H3 o6mero 1 B TypraftCKyio o6jiacTb c ueHTpoM b rop. OpeHOypre Bxo/ui.ia TcppHtopm TenepcimiHX A ktk-Chhckom h KycTaK-aficKoii ofviacTefi Ka.iaxcTaHa.— IIpuM. aeropa. 2 O63op TypraflcKofi o6jiactH 3 a 1915 r., CTp. 3. r,5

o6opora HpMapKH b HprH3CK0M ye3Ae 594 727 pyOAefi 448 574 * py6^in 6biJio BbipyqeHo 3a ckot. BcAeAcmne pe3Koro coKpameHHH riAomaAH nacTCmu h 3Ha*iHTe.ribHoro pacujHpeiiHH noceBHbix njioma- Aeff noA 3epHOBbfMH KyAbTypawn noroAOBbe ckot3 3a ] 910— 1915 TOAbl 3MaiIHT6JIbHO COKpaTHJIOCb. 3HaMHTeAbHoe mgcto b skohomhkg KaK oceAAoro, Tan h kohgboto Hace.aeiiH« otfAaCTH 3aHHNiajio pmGoaobctbo, KOTOpoe b 1913— 1915 roAax nojiyMH.io AOBOAbHO iunpoKoe pa3BHTHe. B 1913 roAy b od/iac- th dtiAO AoGbiTo I 700 230 nyAOB pbidbi. noHBAHiOTcn KpynHbie pbi6o- npOMbiuiJieiiHHKH, BJiaAejibUbi npoMbicjioB y Ocperos Apa.nbCKoro Mopa. B 1915 roAy 3Aecb y>Ke HacMHTbiBa.'iocb 19 npOMbicAOB h 19 jicahhkob o6men BMecTHMOcTbio 250 tuc. nyAOB.1 riocTpoHKa PH3aHo-ypajibCKOH h ocoOeHFio OpeH6yprcKo-TaLu- KeHTCKOH }Ke»ie3Hbix Aopor cnoco6cTBOBa.ia BTflrHBaHHK) TypraflcKofl odjiacTH bo BcepoccHftcKHft pbiiioK, ato HMeJio nporpeccHBHoe 3Hane- hhg. C KOHua X IX Bexa noA bjihhhhcm poccnftcKofi skoiiomhkh b T ypraiicKoii oGjibcth HannuaiOT pa3BHBaTbcn KanHTa.fincTH,iecKHc OTHomeiiHH, ycHAHBaiOTca pacnaA naTypaAbHoro xoaancTBa h KAac- coBoe paccAocHHe Ka3axcKoro o(5inecT»a. Bc.rreACTBHe KOAOHH3aTOpCKOH nOAHTHKH UapH3M3, IiaMepeHHO 3aAep>KHBaBiiicro npoMbmiAeiiHoe pa3BHTHe KasaxcraHa, Typraft- CKflfl O^AaCTb HBAHAaCb OTCTaAoft CGAbCK0X03fIHCTBGHH0H OKpaHHOfi, nocTanABiomcH ckot h ceAbCKoxo3HHCTBeiinoe cwpbe b ueHTpaAb- Hbie npOMbUii/ieHitbie pawoHhi P occhh. B odAacTH pa3BHBaAHCb raaB- hwm o6pa30M ripeAnpuBTHH no nepBHWHoft nepepatfoTKe cejibCKOxo- 3HiicTBeHH0H npoAyi<uHH. H 3 722 npOMbiuiAeHHbix npeAnpHHTHft, <J>yiiKUHOiinpoBaBiiiHx b 1915 roAy, 622 npcAnpHHTna <5wao 3aiiflro nepepa6oTK0ft ^HBOTHonoA'iecKoro h pacTeHHeBOAHecKoro Cbipbfi. B HaqaAe XX Bena b o6.iacm CTajia pa3BHBaTfeCH ropHOpyAHasi npo- MbiuiACMiiocTb. B TypraficKOM ye3Ae AoObmaAHCb cepeOpo-CBHHUo- Bbic pyAbi, c 1904 ro/ia pa3pa6oTi<a noAe3Hbix HCKonaeMbix nanajiacb b A ktio6hiickom ye3Ae. C ycHAenneM 3aBHCHMOCTH uapCKOft Pocchh ot HHocTpaHHoro KaiiHTaJia iiocagahhh naHHuaer npoiiHKaTb h b rop- noAoObiBaiomyio npoMbiiiuiennocTb TypraftcKoii o&TiacTH. Odpa30- BaBiueeca b 1908 roAy a.MepHKancKoe ai<mioiiepHoe oCmecTBO AT6a- capCKHx MGAHbix Konefi 3aBAaA0A0 b 1912 roAy KaMCHHoyro.ibHbiMH KOII51MH, HaXOAHBIHHMHCH b TypraiiCKOM ye3AG.2 K Hana.ay nepBOH Mnposofi HMnepHaAHCTHnecKofi Boftiibi na pu6- HblX H COAflHbIX npOMbICAaX, pyAHHKaX, (|3a6pHHHO-3aBOACKHX npeA- npHHTHjix h Ha OpeH6yprcKo-TaiiiKeHTCKoft >K6Jie3H0H Aopore hhcao padoHHx b npeAeAax TypraficKoft o6jiacTH (6e3 OpenCypra) cocraB- ahao, no HenoAHbiM AaHHbiM, 1 524 qeAOBeKa,3 H3 hhx b ropHOAoObi- Baiomeft npOMbimAeHHOCTH 6biAo 3aHHro 422, Ha coAHHbix npOMhic- 1 CXJ3&P Tvpra»‘icKofi o6jiacni 3a 1915 r. * U H A 'M B fl KaaCCP, 25. on. 1. a 302, crp. 135. * 0630p TypraflcKofi ofoacra 3a 1913 r., TaO^. 3, crp. 62.

Jiax 80 MeJiOBeK, ne cMHTaa ce30iuibix patfonHx. KpoMe Toro, cpejin Ka3axoB 6 biJi pacnpocrpaHeH H3B03iibift npoMbiceJi. B TypraHCKOM ye34€ H3B030M 33HHMaJIHCb 17 478 KasaxCKHX CeMeft, B HprH3CKOM — 12 126 ccmch. B oC.iacTH 6 hah pa3BHTbi pa3.riHHHbic peMecJia. 3na- HHTe.lbHOe T1HCA0 peMeCJieHHHKOB KOHU.eiITpHpOBa.10Cb b ropojiax KycTauae h A ktioOmhckc. KpynHbiM npoMhiiiuieiuibiM, ToproBbiM h KyjibTypHbiM ropoAOM hbjihjich a^MHHHCTpaTHBHbift neHrp o6/iacTH OpenGypr. B 1910 ro- a v b ueM HacHHTbiBajiocb 102 485 uejioBeK xcHTCAefi. Ha 123 npeA- npHHTHax OpCHOypra eiue b 1904 roAy ObiJio 33hhto 3 256 nocTOHH- iibix paOoHHX, UHCJiHJiocb 8 332 peMecJieHHHKa. 1 Cpe/in npoMbiuijieH* Hbix npcAiipuHTHH Opendypra 6 biJio ueTbipe THnorpacjinn, ipu Mcxa- HHWeCKHX, nflTb KHpmPIHUX H TpH KO>KeBeHHb!X 33BOAS H AP>THe npe/inpHHTHH. OpeHOypr ubjih-ich npyrnioft >Ke.ie3iioziopo>Kiiofi craH- UHCH, lia KOTOpOH 6 blJIO 3HaHHTeJlbIIOe KOJIHUeCTBO paC04HX->KeJie3ri0- AOpOWHHKOB. no.io>KeHHe paOoMHx 6 biJio oueiib TaxceJibiM. P a 36pocaniibie no MejiKHM, nojiyxyCTapnoro THna npeAnpHHTHHM paOoHHe, oco6 chho pa6onue-Ka3axH, noABeprajincb >kcctokoh SKcrLiyaTamiH. 3a Kaiop>K- HbiH TpyA pa6oHHM-Ka3axaM njiainjiH caMyio HH3Kyio n^iaiy — ot 10 AO 35 KoueeK b Aenb. OcoOeHHo TSixcejibiM 6bi.io no.no>KeHHe paOoMHx b ropHOAoObiBaiomeft npoMbiui.iCHHOCTH. PaOOMHC OKa3bIBaJlH 6 o.lbWOe BAHHHHe Ha nOAHTHHCCKyiO >KH3Hb b o6 .iacTH h ObiJiH ee ryiaBHOH pcboaiouhohhoh chjioh. B Ka3axcKOM ayjie rocnoACTnoBaAH naTpHapxa.ibno-^eoAa.ibiibie OTHomeHHH, coHeTaBiUHecn c CHJibHbiMH nepe>KHTKaMH naTpnapxajib- HO-po^OBoro 6 biTa. OcHOBHaa Macca CKora, .lymune 3eMJiH h nacT^H- m a Haxo^HJiHCb b pyxax cf)eoAa.ibiio-6 aficKoft BCpxyuiKH. BaftciBO, Hcno^b3yn naTpHapxaAbHO-poAOBbie nepe>KHTKH, rnupoKO npHMeHH/io KaOajibHyio SKcnjiyaTaunio ayjibHoft OeAHOTbi. C yTBep>KAeHHeM roc- noACTBa uapH3Ma b Kpae Ka3axci<He TpyAHiuHeca 0Ka3a.iHCb noA ABOftHhlM THeTOM. UapH3M CrOHSUI ^eCHTKH TblCfTH OeAHHUKHX H Ce- PeiUIHUKHX K333XCKHX KpeCThHHCKHX X03HHCTB C HaCHJKCHHblX MCCT, orOupaa JiyquiHe ocBoenubie 3eMJiH b nepece.ieH4ecKHH (Jjoha. Ka3ax- cKaa OeAHOTa, AHinemiaH cpcACTB k cymecTBOBaHHio, BbinyacAena 6 biJia hath b KaOa.iy k KyjiaKaM h 6 asiM. B TH>KewlOM MaTepnaAbHOM nOJIO>KeHHH HaXOAHAHCb H pyCCKHe nepecejieHUbi — Gcahhkh h cepeuHHKH. MHorne H3 hhx He hme/rh 3CMAH h BbiHy>KAeHbi Obi.iH apeHAOBaTb ee y Ka3a»iecTBa h pyccKHX KyAaKOB, a T3K>Ke y KasaxcKHx 6aeB. B KajK^oft bojiocth h ceJie npo- >KHBa;iH AecHTKH ceMeil iieycTpoeHHbix nepece.ienu.eB, He HMeBUJHX COOCTBeHHOro >KHJTbH, B.iaHHBUIHX HHIlieHCKOe cymeCTBOBaifHC, h no- 3T0My Bbiny>KAeHHbix hath b KaOa.iy k Ky^axy. riepeceJienHecKoe 1 OC30p TypraAcKofl ry6epHHH 3a 1904 r.t crp. 13. 7-1201 97

ynpaBJieHHe TypraiicKoro paftona cuHTa.no caMOBOJibuaMH mHorne cothii ceMCHCTB nepecejieimeB1h lie 0Ka3biBa.no hm hhk3koh noMomw. B pe3yjibTaTe hmcjih MecTo ctoakhobchiih KpecTbfiH-ncpecejieH- ueB c Ky.iaKaMH, b p«Ae pawonoB KpecTbflHe OTKa3bma.iHCb n.iaTHTb no^aTH. Cbohmh paccKa3aMH o GopbGe KpecrbHH 3a 3eMAio b Pocchh nepecejieHuw noAHHMaAH Ka3axo3 Ha GopbGy npoTHB KOAOHH3aTop- ckoh arpapHofi no-iHTHKH uap«3Ma b Ka3axcTaHC. Bee sto npHBOAH- ao k c6;in>KeHHio KpecTbHH-nepeceJieimeB c rpyAHiunMHcn KaaaxaMH, yKpeiiAHAo co3H3HHe oGiuhocth hx K.iaCCOBbIX miTepecoB. *** >KecTOKHH KO^OHHajibHbrfi rHer uapH3Ma h pyccnux noMeniHKOB, coweTaacb co Bee ycHAUBaiomewcH SKcnAyaTauHefi Hapo/iHbix Macc 6yp>«ya3HeH, KyjiaKaMii h 6 aHMH-cj)eoaajiaMH, ycH-iHBa.fi poc.T peBO- AiouHOHHoro h HanHOHajibiio-ocBofioAHTeJibiioro ABH>KeiiHH b Typraii- ckoh o6jiacTH. BoAbiuoe bahhhhc Ha no.iHTHqecKoe npoGy^Aenne TpyAHmiiJccH 0Ka3ajia nepuan pyccKasi peiKWHounn 1905— 1907 toaob. PeBOJIIOUHOHHWH KpH3HC, Ha3peBUIHft B TOAbl nepBOtt MHpOBOft BOHHbi, cKa3a^ca h b TyprancKofi o6jiacTH. Bonna npHiiecAa THrqafi- niHe cipaAaHHH TpyAHiUHMCH P occhh, b tom whcjic h Ka3axcKOMy HapoAy. B roAbi hmnepna.iHCTHMecKOH bohhhi 3KCiuiyaTauHH Ka3ax- CKHX TpyAHlUHXCH UapCKHMH MHHOBHHKaMH, GaHCTBOM H BOAOCTHbIMH yupaBHTejiHMH cTajia eme 6onee wecroKOh. npoAOAA<aAocb Macco- Boe Hs-bBTHe 3eMCJib y Ka3axoB. B TOAbl BOHHbi B CBH3H C MaCCOBbIM npH3hIBOM B apMHfO pyCCKO- ro nepcce-iCHqecKoro Hace.ieiiHH 3fiaqHTeAbno coKpaTH-iacb noceB- Han n-iomaAb, HH>Ke CTa.na ypo>KaftH0CTb, b 1915 roAy norojiOBbe CKOTa b I'ypraftcKOH oGAacTH coKpanuiocb no cpaBiieiiHio c 1913 ro- aom Ha 94 344 roAOBbi.2 BoftHa Tpe6oBa.ia orpoMiioro KOJinnecTBa AoniaAen h cejibCKOxo- 3HHCTBeicnbix npOAyKTOB. Ha n./ieqH TpyAnmerocn Ka3axcKoro Hacejie- HHH oCpyiUH.lHCb IIOBblC TflrOTbl: MaCCOBbie PCKBH3HUHH CKOTa, (J)y- pa>na, khGhtok, Koimibi, nonoH, ko>k aah cnaGweiiHH uapcKoii ap- mhh. Bbi.i BBeAeH BOCHHbiH Ha.nor no 4 py6.in c khGhtkh h yBeAHqemj 3eMejibHbie h Apyrne cGopbi, ociiOBnan TnwccTb KOTopbix AcwaAa na n^eqax TpyAHiUHXcn Ka3axoB. Poct HaAoroB h no6opoB, AoporoBH3iia npHBeAH k pe3KOMy yxyA- UieHHK) nOJIOWCHHH TpyAHIUHXCH. Ha 3TOH OCHOBC BeCHOVi 1916 TOAa ycHAHAocb 3a5acTOBoqnoe abh>kchhc paGoqnx; b ropoAax, ce.nax h Ha >Ke-ie3HOAopo>Kj[bix CTaHUHHX npoHcxoAH.iH GypHbie BbicTyn.ienHH coAAaTOK, Tpefiyioiunx xJieCa h B03Bpam,enHH My>Keii c cpponTa. yna3 uapa ot 25 hiohh 1916 roAa o MoGH.iH3au.HH na TbiJiOBbie paGoTbi Ka3axon, KHprH30B, y36eKOB, TypKMeH, AyHraH h yfirypoB nocJiy>KHA noBOAOM k MaccocoMy HauHOHaAbno-ocBoGoAHTeAbnoMy 1 ypa.to-KacniificKHH npaft, <rrp. 35, 1927 r. * 063opbi TypraftcKofi ofi^acTH 3a 1913 h 1915 it . 98

bocctcIhhio napoAOB Cpe/uiefi A3hh h Ka3axcTana npoTHB uapH3Ma H HMnepnajiHCTHHeCKOH Bofiiibi. HanGoAee AAHTGAbMbiM h ynopiibiM 6 uao BOCCTaiiHe b Typrafi- ckoh o 6 jiacTH. Ka3axcKHe TpyAnmnecn, noAimniuHCca Ha 6 opbCy npo­ THB uapH3Ma, BbiABHHy^H cbohm pyKOBOAHTeAeM BtwaiomerocH cbma Ka3axcKoro HapoAa AiviaHreAbAbi HManoija. B TyprancKOM ye3Ae AMaHreJib^bi HMaiiOB opraiiH30BaA Kpymiwft noBCTanHccKHfi otpha, rjiaBHbiM o6pa30M H3 moaoaokh npH3biBHoro noapacTa. AManreAb- Abi npoHBH.i KHnynyio ACHTCAbHOCTb no opraiiH3aiiHH, Boopywenwio h cn.ToncHHK) otpjiaob. B pe3yAbTaTe k oi<TJi6 pio 1916 roAa b Typraii- ckom h Hpm3CKOM ye3Aax HacwHTbiBaAOCb ao 20 noncTaHnecKHx ot- PJIAOB. J\\j\\A pyKOBOACTBa 6 oeBbIMH Aei'fCTBHHMH H ynpaBACHHH OTpa- Aa.MH 6 bm co3AaH BoeHHbiii coBeT noBCTauueB bo rjiaBC c AMaii- reAbAW. B.MecTC c hhm BOCCTanneM pyKOBOAHA A ah6 h ,H>KaiirHAb- AHH. 1 HecMOTpn na to, *ito b otacabhux pafioHax k noccTaiimo npHMK- HyAH peaKUHOiuibic 6 aficKHC SACMCHTbi, nbiTaBuinecn HcnoAb30BaTb ero b cbohx KAaccoBbix ucahx, bocct3hhc 1916 roAa hmcao doAbiuoe 3H3MCHHC. O ho HenocpeACTBCHHO coMKHyAOCb c OespaAbCKOH 6 yp- >Kya3iio-AeMOKpaTHHecKofi peBOAiounen 1917 roAa b P occhh, cncpr- HyBLuen uapcnoe caMOAcpjKaBHe. 27 (f»enpaAH (12 Mapra) 1917 roAa naAO cawoAep>KaBHe. B P oc­ chh ct3a h co3AanaTbCH CoBeTbi padonux h coAAaTCKnx AenyTaTOB. HapnAy c CoBCTaMH, o6pa3onaAacb HOBan rocyAapcTBeiman BAacTb b Anue BpeMeHHoro 6ypn<ya3iioro npaBHTCAbCTBa. Co3AaAOCb ABoe- BAacTHe, riocjre OeBpaAbCKort 6 yp>Kya3 H0-AeM0KpaTHnecK0H pcboaioixhh CoBeTbi padoHHx h coAAaTCKHx AenyTaTOB o6pa30BaAHCb h b Tvp- raiicKOH o6 AacTH. 3Aecb 6 uah c03AaHbi TyprawcKHft o6 AacTiiofi Co­ BeT, ropOACKoii CoBeT b OpeHtfypre, CoBeTbi b A ktioChhckc, KycTa- Hae, HprH3e h Apyrnx ropOAax. HecnoAbKo no3>Ke ctbah co3AaBaTbca ye3AHbie CoBeTbi KpecTbniicKHx h MycyAbMaHCKHx AenyTaTOB. Oa - iiaKO, napHAy c CoBeTaMH, b TypraficKOH otfAacTH no HHHUHaTHBe 6yp>Kya3Hbix HaunoHaAncTOB 6 biah co3Aanbi o^AacmoH h ye3AHhie HcnoAiinreAbiibie kombtctbi, CTaBUine npoBOAHHKaMH BAacTH BpeMCH- Horo npaBHTeAbCTna. 06.iacTHbiM KOMnccapoM TypraiicKOH o6 AacTH BpeMennoe npaBHTeAbCTBo Ha3 HanHAo rAaBapn Ka3axcKHx 6 yp>nya3- Hbix HauHOHaAHCTOB aAam-opAbiHua ByKefixanoBa. TaKHM o6pa30M, h b TyprafiCKOM ofiAacTH ycTaHOBH.iocb ABoeBAacTHe. flocAe cBep>KennH uapH3Ma B03pocAa HumuiaTHBa h aKTHBHOCTb HapoAHbix Mace b TypraiicKOH odAacTH b 6 opb6 e 3a cboh 3 Kohomh- HecKne h noAHTHHecKHe npaBa. HecMOTpn Ha MaAOHHCAeiniocTb npoMbiniACiiHoro npoAeTapnaTa b TypraiiCKOH o6ahcth, patfowne h 3Aecb uiah b aBaHrapAe peBOAio- UHOHHbix Macc, noKa3biBan npimep HantfoAee peinHTeAbHofi 6 opb6 bi c 6yp>Kya3Heii. Tax, 31 Man patfoHHe TyprancKoro nyryHOAHTeiiHoro 1 HcropjiH Ka3axcxofl CCP, t . 1, AAMa-ATa, 1957, crp. 581— 582. 7* 99