Установление Советской власти в областях Казахстана (1917-1918)

na, BoccraHHe 1916 roAa Ghao neoAHopoAHhiM. B GojibnjHHCTBe panoHOB CeMHpeMbH oho hochjio Hapo^!HO-ocBo6 o^HTejibifbifi xapaK- Tep h 6hjio HanpaBJieHO npoTHB uapHSMa h hmilephajihcthhcckoft BOHHbl. IIo B OTA^JIbHblX pafiOHaX C6MHpeiIbH (|>eOAaJIbHO-6aHCKHM 3jie\\ieHTaM yAajiocb o6\\fanyTb oTCTajibie cjioh TpyAHiunxca Ka3axoB h KHiprH30B.' Hrpaa Ha pejiHTH03Hbix qyBcrnax h noJib3yHCb tcmho- toh h oTCTajiocTbio Macc, (J)eoAaJibHO-KJiepHKajibHbie 3/ieMeHTbi 3a- XBarHJIH pyKOBOACTBO BOCCTaHHeM B IOKHOH HaCTH ,U>KapKeHTCKOrO ye3Aa, b np>KeBaJibCKOM h nacTHTHo b nmirneKCKOM ye3Aax. 3Aecb hm yAajiocb cnpoBOunpoBaTb aHTHpyccxHe BbiCTynjieiiHH h opHAaTb BOCCT^HHIO peaKUHOHHblft, H3UHOHAJIHCTHHeCKHH XapaKTCp. K «anajiy okthGph 1916 ro.ua, CTHHyB Gojibiune Boennbie cH.au, HapCKHe BJI3CTH C HCKJHOHHTeJIbHOH >KeCTOKOCTbK) IlO^aBHJlH BOCXrra- HHe b Ce.viHpeHbe. yHHHTOxcajiHCb uejiue ayjibi, HCTpeGjiHJiHCb tuch- HH JIlO^eH, HC ma^HJIHCb HH CTapHKH, HH >KCHm,HHU, HH ACTH. TpHCTa Tbrcnq hcjiobck — HeTBepTaa nacTh Kopeimoro Hace.ie»H'H oGJiacTH,— ciiacancb ot 3BepcK0H paonpaBbi, 6e>Ka;iH b 3anaAHbrH Kuraf!. BoccTanne 1916 roAa 3HaHHTejibiio noMorjio paao&naHHTb noA- AHMioe ;ihuo Cyp>Kya3Hbtx HaunoHajmcTOB — npeAAH'Hhix cjiyr h COK)3HHKOB H<ipH3Ma. OribIT BOCCTailHfl 1916 TOAa nOKa3aJI K33aXCKHM TpyAHlAHMCB, HTO CBOCIX) OCBOGO/KACHHH OT KOJIOHHaJIbHOrO H Iia- mioHajibHoro rHeTa oiih MoryT aoGhtbch mribKO b coio3e c pyccKHM ipCBOAIOUHOaillblM paGoHHM KJiaCCOM, IlpH ero nOMOIUH H nOA cro py- KOBOACTBOM. B (})eBpaAe 1917 roAa b Pocchh npoH3omjia 6yp>Kya3iio-AeMO- KpaTHMecKan peBOJiiouHH. CBcp>KCHHe uapcKoro npaBHTCJibCTBa h noCcAa <I>cBpajibCKOH peBOJiiounn GbiJin BCTpeneHbi TpyAHLUHMHCH MaccaMH Ce.MHpeHbH c BejiH«iaHiiicH paAocTbio. TpyAHmuecn ropano BCTpena^H paAocniyio bcctb o cbcp>kchhh napa. IloBceMecTHO npo- XOAHAH ACMOHCTpaUHH H COGpailHH pa60HHX H KpeCTbHH, Ha KOTO- pblX npHHHMaJIHCb npHBeTCTBeHHbie pe30.HK)UHH. OeBipajibCKan Cyp^Kyaano-ACMOKpaTHHecKaH peBOJiiouHH b Pocchh npnoejia k o6pa30BaHHio CoaeroB paGonnx, cojiAaTCKHX h xpecTbAH- ckhx AcnyTaTOB nax opra-HOB HapoAHOH BJiacTH. Efo np«Mepy U,enT- paAbHofl Pocchh CoBeTbi Ghjih co3AaHhi h b CeMupenbc. flepBoe 3a- ceAanne BepHencKoro CoseTa paGounx AenyraTOB cocTOHJiocb 12 MapTa 1917 roAa.1 CHanajia CoBeTbi padonux AenyTaTOB h CoBeTbi cojiAaroKHX AenyTaTOB cymecTBOBajiH pa3AejibHO, ho Bcxope ohh o6beAHHH.iHCb. B BepHO-M oG'beAHifeiiHbiH Cobct 6 bui co3AaH b anpe- .ie 1917 roAa. PyKOBOACTBo BepHeHCKHM CoBeTOM h CoBeTaMH Apyrwx ropoAOB CeMHpeHba oKa3a;iocb b pyxax MeubmeBHKOB h acepoB. BpeMeHHoe upabHTe.abctbo, npoAOAJKaa npOBOAHTb mioHnajib- nyio noAHTHKy uap«3Ma, noAHOCTbio coxpanHJio crapbiH KOJioiina.ab- hhA annapaT, HHCTHTyT Tax Ha3hiBae.MOH «Ty3eMHoft aAMHiiHcrpa- uhh». B boaocthx h ayjiax no-inpe>KHeMy chacjih BOAOCTHbie ynpaBH- 1 fa 3eTa «CeMHpe»ieHCKHe oO^actHbie BeiioMocrH» ot 14 MapTa 1917 r., N? 59. 200

TejiM h ayjibHbi-e craipwHHbi H3 cJjeozzajibHo-eaHCKHx ajieMeHTOB. TypKCCTaHOKHfi reHepa.x-ry6epHaT0ip KyponaxKHH cuanajia ocraBajicn Ha CBoeM Mecre. Tojibno hoa iianopoM liapoAUbix Macc TamKCHTCKHH CoBeT npHHBJi 31 MapTa 1917 ro/za peuienwe oxcxpa- HHTb KyponaTKHHa h ero noMouzHHkob o r 3aHHMaeMbix Aan>KHOcxefi h nojZBeprnyTb hx ;zoMaiuneMy aipecry. B CewnpeMbe -GbuiH chhtu c nocTOB Boeinibifi r y 6epnaxop, ye3Anbie naqaJibHHKH, BepHeHCKiiii ro- pCXUCKOft TOJIOBa, BOHHCJKHfi 'HaUaJIbHHK H ApyrHG UapCKHe ajXMHHHCX- paTOpbl, MHOTHC H3 HHX fibUIH apCCTOBaHbl., 7 anpejiH 1917 rona BpeMeiuioe npaBHxeJibcxiJO o6pa30Ba^io oco- 6bift TypKecTaiicKHfi komht€t >no ympaBJieHHio KpaeM c npaBa.MH re* H^pavi-ry6epnaTopa. Komutct c o c t o h a H3 Ka;zexoBf MeHbiueBHKOB, 3cepoB h aJiain-opxbimieB. M ecro Boennoro rytfepHaxopa o<)Jiacxn 3anav7H icoMHccapw BpeMenH-oro npaBHxeJibCTBa, wieHbi TypnecxaH- cKoro KOMHTeTa «BpeMeHHoro npaBHTeyibCTBa acep LUKancKun h ajiaui-opAbiHeu TbinbimnaeB. B ye3,abi h Ha ynacxKH Tai<>Ke 6hjih na3HaHeHbi KOMHCcapbi BpewenHoro npaBHxejibCT»a, b pn/ze axyqa- eB — H3 ObiBuiiix ye3AHbix HaMajfbHHKOB h npHcxaBOB. Ka3axcKne Tpy.aHmHCCH nO-npe>KIfeMy H3HWBa.XH IIOA KOJIOHHaJIbHblM THerOM. Pyxa 0 6 pyxy c MeHbiueBHKa>MH, aoepaMH, KazzeraMH aeficTBOBa- jih npeziaTejiii Ka3axcKoro Hapo;xa— ajiam-op^biHUbi. Bcnope nocxe OeBpajibCKOH peeo.iK)UMH 6yp>Kya3Hbift nazznoHajiHcx /X>KaHHaKOB ompaBUJi -uphbctctBeanyK) xejierpaMMy TypnecxaHCKOMy reHepaji- ry6epnaTOpy KyponarKHHy, b KOTopoft ot HMeHH 6ancTBa BepHeH- CKoro ye3,xa Bbipawaji «HCKpeHHioio npe^aHHOCTb HOBOMy cxipojo* h yaepeHHe b roroBHoexn «npHJio>KHTb see cboh cHvThi k n o6e;iOHOcHO- My OKonnaHHio BofrHbi», 3aBepH5i, hto « hobux Mflxeaaibix Bbicryiuie- HHii co cTOpoHbi KiiprH30B b yc3Ae ^onymeiio He (iy/zeT». IlocTa bhb 3azzaqy oxBJienb k aaaxcKHe Maocw o r CoBeTOB h xeM caMbiM H30JiHpoBaTb hx ot 06izzeft peiHVJionHOHHOH 6opb6 hi, 6yp- >Kya3iiwe naiiuouajmcrbi b nepBbie >«e ;zhh nocjie OeBpaJibcxofi peBaxjoizHH crajiH co3;zaBaTb b CeMHpeqbe pa3»oro po^a «Mycyjib- M3HCKHe» opranH3auHH h xaK Ha3brBaeMwe o&iacTHoii, ye3;iHbief nojrocxHbie «KnprH3CKne Hcno.xHHTeJibiibie KOMHTe.Thi» H3 (f)e.o/zajibHO- tfaftcKHX 3^ieMeHT0B, Koiopbie bchmcckh noA/zep>KHBa./iH HMiiepHa- AHCTmecKyio nojiHXHKy BpeMCHHoro ripaBHTeyibCTna. Tai<, npoxoAHB- iijhh c 19 no 23 anpejw 1917 ro/za Ce.vfHpeqencKHH o 6^acTHofi «KHprH3CKHH CX>C3A», COCTOflBUlHH H3 (j)eOAa.1bHO-6aHCKHX BJie.MeHTOB, no npe^xo>KeHHK> a.iaiiJ-opAbiHueB iiphhhji nocTaHOB.xenne o 6e3oro- BopoMHoii no.aAepmKe BpeMCHFioro npaBHTe.ibcrBa ir o npo/iojmeHHH HMnepHaJiHCTMHecKoft Boftnw « ao no6e,xiioro KOHua2>. Byp>Kya3Hbie HannoHa.xHCTbi — aJiam-op^biHUbi, Bbi;zaBaa sxh «Hcrio.xnHreJibHbie KOMHTeTbi» 3a «iipe^.cxaBHxeJibHbie opranbi» Bcero Ka3axcKoro HaceJienHsi, daficKHe KHTepecw —3a o6uzeHauHoiia-TibHbie HHXOpeebI H npHKpbTBaHCb «HaUHOHaJIbHH.M (J).iarOM», Bee CBOH CHJlbi nanpaBJTHjXH Ha xo, Tixo6hi coxpanHTb h yKpenHTb B.nacTb h npHBH^e-1 1 ra3era «CeMHpcHeHCKHe o<5aacTHb£c Be^oMocrw* 3a 8 arrpe^ifl 1917 r. 201

ran 6 aftcTBa b ayjie. Ban, xax h paHbwe, 'H-ema«HO 3KciuiyaTHpOBa- jih Tpy^HiixuxcH Ka3axoB. noil npe/yioroM Tax 'Ha3biBaeMoro ix>3Me- meHHa «y6brrK0B ot bocct3Hhh 1916 ro.zi.as KyjiaKH h Can rpatfmiH ayjiu, 3a6 npajiH y 6 ©^hhkob nooejiHioio cKOTHHy. Ky-n-aiKH oeiiemifi CroJibinHHO, Be^oiiepiKOBCKoe h iipyrwx 3axRam;iH 3e.\\uiH, npHna^iie- xcaBLHHe Ka3axaw h KHprH3EM ThinaeBCKoft h HypMaMGeTOBCKOH bo- jiocrcfi, BbipydHJiH ca^u h ynHHTOyKHJiH Ha^BopHHe nocrpoHKH. Mho* me thcbmh K33axoKHX TpyAHiUHXCH, ymeiUHHe B KHTafi ripn no^aB- jieHHH BOcctaHHH 1916 roia, «e jaonycKa.iHCb odpaTHo Ha poiiany, a •npw -rioiibiTKe BcpnyTbCH, paccTpeiiWBa.THCb Ha npaHHiie 3arpaAHTcjib- HblMH OTpHiiaMH. MaCTb Ka3aXOB H KHprH30B, KOTOpaa UCHOii 60Ab* hihx >xepTB cywejia BepHyTbca H3 K htsh, no^Bepra.iacb npecjie/io* B3HHHM, rpa6e>Ky h pacnpaBe. BpeMemioe npaBHTejibCTBo ocraBHJio HenpHKOciiOBeinibiMH co- cJioBiibie npHBHJierHH CeMHpeHencKoro Ka3anbero jBoftcKa h ciporo coxpaHH^o orpoMHbie 3e\\iejibHbre B/iaiieHHH Ka3anbHX CTaHHU. Ka- 3axcKoe h pyccKoe TpyaoBoe KpecTbHHCTBO, xax h /io OeBpajibCKOH peBOJiiouHH, ocraBajiocb b Ka6a*-ie y KyjiaKOB h 6 aeB. EcrecTBenHO, HTO B CH-iy 3THX 06CT0 HTeJlbCTB B CeMHpeHbe pOCJK) HBilOBOJIbCTBO TpyilHLUHXCH nOJIHTH.KOH BpeMCHHOrO nipaBHTeJlbCTBa. *** OeBpajibCKaji 6yp>xya3iio-^eMOKpaTHHecKaH peuo.nouHH, cBepr* HyBru,aH napH3M, He CMonrca pa3peniHTb KopeHHbrx sonpocon 3koho- MHHeCKOPO H nOJIHTHHeCKOrO pa3BHTH5I CTpaHbl. nT06u pa3peUIHTb 3th Boapocu, BbmecTH CTpaxy H3 TynwKa HMnepHa;mcnmecKOfi BOfiHhl H X03HHCTBeHHOft pa3pyXH, H}r>KHa 6 blJia HOBaH, COIlHajlHCTH* qecKan peixxniouHH. B nepexoiie ot 6yp>Kya3HO-/ieMOKpaTHHecKoft peBoaionHH k pe* BoaiouHH couHa.nHCTHHecKofl, renHaabHbifi rviaH KOTopoii tfbiJi iian b JieHHHCKHX Anp&flbCKHX Te3HCaX, eilHHOAyiliHO IIpHHRTblX napTHeft na V II AnpeabCKofi KOH<|)epeHUHH, 6 buin kpobho aaHHTepecoBanbiTpyAH- lUHecH CeMHpenbn. Ojuidiko pa6oTa 6 o^biueBHKOB b CcMupenbe — orcTajioii KojioHHaiibHOH OKpaHHe — <5bLna conpH>KeHa c orpoMHbiMH AOHOJlHHTeJIbllblMH TpyilHOCTHMH. B oSJiaCTH IIOHTH He 6hUlO npOMHUI- jieHHoro npojieTapnaTa, a sto He moivio ne CKa3aTbCH Ha iipouecce (|)OpMHpOBaHHR fiapTHHHblX KSiipOB, npOHCXOilHBIUeM 3iieCb Me^JieH* Hee, neM b ueHTpajibHbix pafionax CTpaHbi. Ho v nee b nana^e JieTa 1917 roiia, Koma b CeMHpenbe crajin B03BpamaTbCH peBoaiouHOH- HO HaCTpOeHHhie (JjPOHTOBHKH H Ka33XH, MOOHJIH30BaHHhie b 1916 roay Ha «Tbi.ioBbie pa6oTb:», oScraHOBKa nocTeneHHO MenaeTca. K 3T0My Bpe.vteHH othochtch co3iiamie 6aibiiieBHCTCKHx rpynn, b tom HHCJie b OTAeJibHUx bohhckhx nacTHx, b THnorpacJ)HH o6;iacTHoro npaBJieHHR, b noHTOBo*TevTerpa(})Hoft KOHTope. BoiibmeBHCTCKHe rpyn- nhi npoBoanaii 6ojibiuyio no-iHTHHecKyio h opraHH3auHOHHyio pa6o- Ty b waccax.11 1 UrAOP KaaCCP, c$>. 1363, o:». 1. n. 85. 202

B BepiiOM, riHiuneKe h Apyrnx ropoAax CeMiipeMba 6ojibiueBHKH ywano Hcnojib30BaAH TpnGyny Cobctob aah peBOAK>UHOHH3HpoBaHH?i Tpy^HIUHXCH Mace. Ohm CTpeMHJIHCb -npHAaTb pa5oie COBGTOB B03- mojkho 6 ojibmyio rAaeHOCTb. B cepe/iHHe anpejij! BepHeiiCKHH Cobct pa6oHHx h coAAarcKHx AenyraTOB, pyKOBOACTBO xaropuM HaxoAHAOCb b pyxax MeHbuieBHKOB M 3CepOB, TIpHHHJI «IlpOrpaMMy» CBOefi A€HTeAbHOCTH H BbICKa3a.lC« 3a AOBepHe BpeweHHOMy npaBBTejibCTBy, 3a npoAOAxceuHe HMnepHa- JiHCTHMeoKoft bohhli. OAHaxo iioa jiaBJi€HHGM paOoBHX, COJIJXaT H ro- poACKoft GeAHOTbi b «nporpaMMy» 6 mjim brjiiomchbi TpeGouaHHB 06 «opraiiH3auHH qojijlzt a paOoHHX aab nipoTHBOAeiicTBHa nonbiTKaM CTapoft BjiacTH nepHyTbCH k crapowy pe>KHMy», 06 OTMene Bcex co- cjioBHbrx, BepoHcnoBejWbix h HauHOHaJibiibix orpaHHHenHM, o koh- if)HCKauHH noMeiuH^bHx, rocy^apcTBeirnbix, yAeJibHbix, mohacTbipcKHx h ucpKOBHhix 3eMeAb, 06 ycTaHOBJieHHH 8'liacoBoro paCoMero aha.1 rioA Ha>KHMOM HapoAHbix Macc b ncpBbix micJiax Maa Bepnen- ckhh C obct BbiHCc peiueHHe o pocnycKe 6yp>nya3Horo BpeMeHHoro HCnOJIKOMa H O B3HTHH erO (jjyHKUHfi B CBOH p y K H .'2 r i p H I i a T H e 3TOrO pcuienna ronopHT 0 tom, bto OoJibiueBHCTCKHH A03ywr «Bca BJiacTb CoBeTaM!» Bee rjiy6>Ke BiieApHACH b co3Hai!He Macc h hto bcphch- ckhc 6ojibiueBHKH y « e k toMy BpeMCHH aocthtjih neMaAhix ycncxoB b p a 3'b H C H O H H H hoahthkh n a p T H H . F Io c T a H O B .^ e H H e CoBeTa BW3BaAO tfeuieHCTBO y mdcthoh <5yp>Kya3HH h b 0<j)HuepcKo-Ka3aHbHx xpyrax, nOAHHBIUHX 3A06lIbIH BOIlAb, llTO COBeT BCT3A Iia n y T b 60J Ib m e B H 3M 3. flOA AOBACHHCM MCHblLIGBHKOB H SCepOB 17 M3H COBCT OTMGHHA CBOe pCUiCHHC.3 HeyTOMiiMyio penoAJOUHonnyio AesrrcAMiocTb pa3BcpHyA b stot nopHOA T oKauj Bokhh, ocBo6o>KAeHiibiH necnoft 1917 roAa H3 Bep- hchckoh TfopbMbi. Ho aohccghhio 3aHHCBCKoro y^acTKoaoro npHcra- Ba BepneHCKowy ye3AHOMy iianaAbHHKy, peim Tofcama BoKHHa b MaAbi6 aeBCKoft boaocth 06 ynpa3AHeiinH boaocthux ynpaBHTCjrefi h ayjIbHUX CTapiUHH TTpOH3BCAH CHAbHOe BneuaTACHHC Ha KpeCTbHH. B KapaMCKOH boaocth BepireifCKoro ye3Aa coctohbiijhhch 28 Man 1917 roAa boaocthow mhthht TpyAHlUHXCa, KOTOpbJM pyKOBOAHA Toxaui B okhh, peuiH/i apecroBaTb boaocthoto ynpaBHTeAa h cro cropoHHHKOB b HHCJie acbhth HeAOBeK.4 B Mac ToKaui Bokhh npoBeA MHTHHTH B IlHIUnCKCKOM H Ilp>KeBaAbCKOM yC3AaX. CpeAH pa6oqwx h ropoACKOH CeAHOTbi ropoAa BqpHoro tfoAbuiyio pa6oTy iipOBOAHA tfoAbweBHK Kapn BacHAbeonq OBMapoB. O h ymcao HCn0Ab30BaA AAH 6 oAbLUeBHCTCKOH arHT3HHH rOpOACKyiO H Mcmail- CKyio j'-npaBbi, n t3K>kc npoeoAHA pa6 oiy cpeAH coAAar rapHH30Ha H 4>pOHTOBHKOB, npHe3/K3BUJHX B BepHhlM. 8 HfOHH COCTOBACa MHTHHf COAA3T 240 CHMOHpCKOH OFIOABCHCKOH 1 A^iMa-ATHHCKHM ofi^rocapxHn, cj). 10/106, or;. 1, n. 2, jui. 2—7. 3 Taw j«e, jui. 13—15. 3 TaM >Ke. « U rA O P KaaCCP, «{j. 10, x 2, ji^. 146, 147. 203

Apywmiu, Ha KOTOpOM 6buio hphhhto pemeHHe «peopraHH30BaTb MecTirbjfl CoBeT pa6oHHX h cojmaTCKHX ^enyTaTOB BBHjny Toro, hto oh hc no.ab3yercH AOBepnew SojibiiiHHCTBa Tpy/nnmHXCH».1 PeuieHne o peopraHH3anHH CooeTa <5hjio HO/Xaep>KaHO mhthhfom ropcwcKHX Tpy£HIHHXCfl, KOTOpUfi COCTOHJICH Hepe3 HeCKOAbKO AH6H b noMeme- hhh MemaHOKOH ynpaBbi. B Hione 1917 roAa 6 w ji npoBe^en o6.aacTnoft cbesA Cobctob ijm- 6om ix h ccuiAaTCKifx AenyraTOB. B H36pa-HHhiH hm 06/iacTHoft Conex padoHHx h cojtahtckH'X AenyraTOB Ta-Kxce bouuio 'HecKOJibKo 6ojibiue- bhkob, xan, nanpH M ep, H. H. OpjroB h H. C . /lopoiiHH — patfonHe- nojiHPpa(}>HCThr, B. FTonoB h A. A. KaJiHHHH — patfoHHe TaGanHoE 4)af)pHKH, fl. M. IIJh/uio — cronap h Apyrne.21 B HKWie 1917 roAa b ropoAe BepnoM 6hia opraHH30BaH npo^ec- CHOHaJIbHblH COK)3 CTpOHTeAbHbIX padO'IHX, 06'be^HHHBUlHfi CTOJTHpOB, nJIOTHHKOB, Ka-MeHIUHKOB, lUTyKaTypOB, KpOBCJIblUHKOB, MaJIBpOB A jxpyrnx CTpoirrejieH.3 Bojibiiioe 3iiaHeiiHe hmcji C03flaKHbift JieroM 1917 roAa TauieHOM yrenoBbiM h ToxameM Boxhhum H3 pa6oHHx h 6aTpaKOB — xa3axoB, BepiiyBuinxcH c TbiAOBbix padOT, «C ok)3 nep- Hopa6oHHx», KOTopbift craji onopoft 6oAbiueBHKOB b 6opb6e 3a Co- BeTCKyio BviacTb. Xoth ceMHpeneHCKaH AepeBHH bcc eme nuia 3a acepaMH, ho y>xe B 3TOT nepHQH 3H3HHT€AbHO yCHAHA3Cb ’P6B0JI10UH0HH&H patfOTa & ^epeBHHx h ayjiax. KpecTbHHe b psme y & w o B tipoboahah cboh ci»e3- Abl, C03^aBajIH BHHX COBeTbl. OTAeJIbllbie KpeCTbHIICKHe CT>e3^bI, Co­ se™ h cejibCKHe o6mecToa npHHHMajui peiueHHH 06 yHHHTOxceHHH Hacruoft co6ctb0hhocth Ha 3eMJiK>, 06 QpraHii3auHH rocvA-apcrBeH- hoh -noMoruH ^epeB€HCKOH tfenHOre. TaK, iKpecrbHHe ceJia Hobo- AH^peeBCKoro JlencHHCKoro ye3Aa b cbocm HaKa3e TpetfoBaAH koh- 4>HCKaiiHH 3e.M.iH 6e3 BMKyna b TiOAb3y TpyAHmeroca HapoAa h paB- Horo npaBa noAb30&aHHH eio TpyAHiUHMHCH scex HanHOHajibHOCTefi. B naKa3e <5bui BbUBHwyT A03ynr: «3e.vu« XJie6 opo6 aM, (}>a5pHKH pa- 6ohhm1» — H coAepxtaAocb rpedoBaHHe «33KAioHHTb MHp 603 3axBa- TOB H KOHTpHGyUHH Ha OCHOBC CaMOonpeABAeHHH HapOA0B».4 TpeCOBaHHH 3eMAH H MHpa IipOXOAHJIH KpaCHOfl HHTbK) Hepe3 Bee HaK33bi KpecTbHH A^JienaTaM Ha KpecrbancKHe cbeaw. BcKOipe riocjie cbe3Aa Cobctob paooHHX h co.iAaTCKHX AenyTaTOB, b HioHe >xe 1917 roAa, coctohjich nepBbiH CeMHpeneHCKHfi od^acTHOH KpecTbmrcKHft cbeaA, KoropbiM aanpaBJiBJiH 3cepu. Ha hbm 6 u.n 06- pa3oiiaH Cobct •KpecTbHHCKHx ^wyraTOB, b kotopom, Kax h b Co&e- Te pa6 oHHx h co.iAaTCKHx AenyTa-roB, npeo6;iaAaJTH acepw h MeHbiue- bhkh. Bo^biueBHKH npoBejiH cepbe3Hyio pa^OTy cpeAH TpyAOBofi nacTH AeJieraTOB ci»e3Aa. B H3(5paHHbift ci>e3AOM CoBeT KpecTbHH- 1 AnMa*ATHHCKafl oC^rocap.XHB, 4>. 10/106, on. 1, 7, j i. 43. 2 OaMH.THH B3HTW 110 JIMWIMJM BOCIlOMHHaHHJIM U.aCHa CoBeTa paCOMMX B co.iaaTCKMx Aeiiyraroa, q.iena KHCC c 1918 r. C. r. Ma^eTHHa.— ripuM. aB- Topa. 3 UrAOP KasCCP, 4). 1363, on. 1, jl I, n. 12. 4 TaM wee, cp. 9, a. 128, jin. 75, 76. 204

ckhx AenyTaTOB bolujih h OTAeAbHbie GoAbuieBHKK— R. JX. rpeiiKo, M . O . K p y T o ro jiO B b ix (Ilp> KeBaAbCK), H . U lep uineB h A p y rw e .1 CpcAH TpyAflmHxca Ka3a-KOB peBQAK>UHOHHy»o ipaGory seji ynacT- hhk pcBOjnouHH 1905 roAa ceMHpenencxHH xa3ax — GoAbiueBHK A . n . Bepe30BCKHH. B mojie 1 9 1 7 roAa oh BbicrynHwi Ha 2 - m bohcko- bom Ka3anbeM ci>e3Ae c npH3biBOM k GopbGe npOTHB BpeMeHHoro npaBHTejibCTBa, 3a hto xyAauKHM GoAbuiHHCTBOM cbe3jia Gbui hckaio- neH H3 HHCJia AcvieraTon. PeBOJUOUHOHHaa aKTHBHOCTb TpyAHLUHXCH CeMfrpeHbH riOAHHMa* A 2€b ace Bbime. JJeTOM 1917 roaa no scefi oGjiacni rupoKaTHJiacb BOJiH,a HapOAJHbrx BOAHewHft. O hs H-avajiacb BhicrynAGHHeM TpyAH- imixcji b Hanajie hkxjih 1917 roAa b ropoAe JlencHHCKe, tac Bcpnyn- whccj? c cfrpoma cgaasth bo rjiaBe c (SoAbiucBHKaMH /terrapcBUM h HcpKaniHHbiM cyMCJiH noAHHTb paOoMux h ropoACKyio GeAHOTy Ha GopbGy npoTHB mccthux BJiacTGH BpeMeHHoro npaBHTejibCTBa. JXeh* CTBHHMH peBOAlOUHOHHhIX paGOMHX H COAABT JlenCHHCKa pyKOBOAHAa H36paHHan Ha MaccoBOM MHTHHre «KOHTpoAbHan komhcchh», b co- CTaB KOTopoii boinah TaK>Ke neTbipe GeAHHKa-Ka3axa. H a MHTHHre 6 wa npnnHT pjiA peuieirHH, iianpaBAeHHhix na ynyHiiiCHHe noAo>xeHHH KaaaxcKHx TpyAHiUHxcsi, ropoACKoft h AepeBencxoH Goahotw. MecTHbie opraHbi BpeMeHHoro npaBHTeAbcTim Gpochah npoTHB AenciiHUCB KapaTCAbHbift otpha, KOTopoMy yAaAocb noAaBHTb blj- CTynACHHC TpyAHIUHXCH. PyKOBOAHTejIH ABHHvCHHR AcrTHpeB H LIep- KaimiH ObiJin aoepcKH yGHTti. 7 hioah CqprHonoAbCKHH ynacTKOBbiH KOMHCcap TeAerpa(j>ifpoBaA b BopHbi-H oG ycHJiHiniJHxcH BOJiHeiiHHx b ay.Tax h o noTpaaax ,xy- AauKHx iioceaoB.2 BoAHeHHH npoMcxoAHJiH TaK>Ke h b Apyrux ropoAax oGascth. OcoGeHHo cHAbHoe GecnoKOHCTBO y mgcthux BJiacTeft BhisBaan coGbTTHH b riH-uineKe (0pyH3e). 9 hioah CoJibuieBHKH niimnexa qe- pe3 roaOBy MeHbLueBHCTCKO-acepoBcxoro pyKOBOACTBa CoBCTa opra- HH30B3AH MACCOBhiH M'HTHTir paGoUHX, COAA3T H TOpOACKOH GeAHOTbl. H a MHTHHre Guao peuiOHO co3BaTb ye3ahwh ci>e3A C o B e r o B , h to 6u oGpa30BATb jioBHH HcnoAHHTeAbHbift KOMHTeT. no STOMy noBOAy ra- 3CTa «CeMnpeHeiicKHe oG-iacTHbic bcaomocth* b noMepe sa 11 hioah nucajra: «JIoncHHCK eme He yoneA ycnoxoHTbca, xax Ha CMeHy tipn- xoaht rininneK...» 3 Boahghhh npoHCxoAHAH b BepHOM h BepuetfCKOM ye3Ae. Kax cooGmaAH iKOMHCcapbi BpeMeHHoro npaBHTGAbcTBa, hx c TpyAOM yaa- Aocb noAaBHTb, jj/iH Hero 28 hk>hh b ceAa h ayjibi BepneHCKoro ye3- Aa Gliah HanpaBAeiiu xapaTeAbiibie OTpsiAtJ.4 B e e 3th coGbithh coBnaAaiOT c HioAbcxofi AGMOHCTpauHeft paGo- 1 BSHTbi no BOcnoMHHaHHHM aenyTaTa crhe3jia, qjieHa CeMHpeueHCKoro CoBera kpccti>bhckhx AenyTaTOB, q^eHa KHCC c 1918 r. H . H . TepHO.— n p H M . ab t o pa. 2 AjiMa-ATa b nepwofl O k t h ^p h h b roxtj rpa?K^aHCKoA BoiiHU, 1949, cTp. 25. 3 I'aaera «CcMHpe*ieHCKHe oC/racriibie b c a o m o c t h » o t 11 hkwih 1917 r., JS6 55. 4 UrAOP KaaCCP. (J>. 24, on. I. a. 27. jt. 262. 205

uhx h coJijiaT b rieiporpaAe. HioAbCKHe co6uthh npepBajiH Mwpnoe p33BHTHe peBOAIOUHH. /tnOCBAaCTHe KOHHHAOCb. COBeTbl, pyKOBOAH- Mbie MCHbUJeBHKaMH H 9Cep&MH, npeBpaTHAHCb B tieCCHJXbHblfi npHAa- tok BpeMCHHoro npaBHTejibCTBa. Bch BJiacTb nepemna b pyKH KOHTppeBOAlOUHOHHOfi 6ypJKya3HH. CoOTHOIUeilHe K-iacCOBbIX CHJI ct3ao HHbiM, qeM tfbiAO ao HiaibCKHX AHeti. B Taxon otfcTaHOBxe 26 hjojih 1917 roAa otkpuach VI cT>e3A napTHH, npoxoAHBimiH b we- JieraJibHbix ycAoBHax. Gte3A napnui otmgth.i , hto mhphuh nepHOA peBOAIOUHH KOHHHACH, HaCTyriHA HOBblfl nepHOA, nepHOA He MHpHhIH, nepHOA B3pbTBOB H CXB8TOK. B nopBAOK AHH 6 bIA IIOCTaBAeH A03yHr HeriocpeACTBenHoft noAroxoBKH Boopyweinioro BOCCTanna. FIoAHTimecKHe coOuthh b crpane oxa3biBaAH doAbiuoe bahhhhc na oCcTanoBKy b CeMupenbe. 3Aecb Tax>xe axTHBH3HpoBaAHCb chah KOIITppeBOAiOUHH, yCHAemiaB KOimeHTpaUHH KOTOpbiX npOXOAHAa B BepHOM. MecTHbie bjihcth BpeMeimoro npaBHTCAbCTBa ycHAHAH no- AHTHMeCKHH TeppOp. OHH >KeCTOKO paClipaBAHAHCb C peBOAfOUHOHHbl- mh paCoMHMH, coAAaTaMH h KpecTbjiuaMH. UapcKHft reHepaA Khhhi- ko, «npocAaBHBUJHHCH» b npoiUAOM 3BepcKHM otfpameHHeM C nOAK- THHeCKHMH CCblAbHblMM B HepMHHCKOH K3TOpre, 14 HIOAH 1917 TOAB 6 blA H33HaMeH KOMaHAyiOIAHM BOHCKaMH Ce.MHpeHeHCKOH Od-iaCTH H HaKa3HLJM ataMaHOM CeMHpeqeucxoro xa3 aHbero Boficxa. B ropOAe BepHOM coctojiach cbe3A CeMHpeneHCxoro xa3aqbero Boftcxa, KOTopbiM BepxoooAHAa xyAauxo-oij)Huepcxafl Bepxymxa. OaKTHMeCKH 3T0 CblA CT>e3A KyABKOB CT3HHU. Oh COBepiUeHHO He OTpa>KaA HacrpoeHHH h He BbipaxoA HHTcpccoB TpyAOBoro xa3aqccr- Ba. He yAHBHTe.ibHo, »ito 3tot ci>e3A Bbipa3HA AOBepwe BpeweiiHOMy npaBHTeAbCTBy h bbicxaaaACH 3a BcewepHoe yxpenAeHHe CB«3eii c KOHTppeBOAIOUHOHHOH BepXyiBKOH floiia H ApyrHX Ka3aHLHX o6- jia creh . B-Mecre c KOMHCcapa-MH BpeMejmoro npaBHTeAbCTBa, scepoM UlKancKHM h aAaiu-opAbiHueM TbiHbiuinaeBbiM, Khhuiko mo6hah30R3ji KOAOHHaAbiibiH annapaT na eme tfoAbiuee ycHAeHHe namiOHaAbHoro rHera. K a3axcK H x h khpth3ckhx TpyAaimixca npoAOA>xaAH croHHTb c HacH>KeHHbix Mecr. BexcenuaM, cyMeBLUHM uenoft (fcwibiiiHx >xepTB BepuyTbCJi H3 3anaAHoro KHTan, He TOAbKO He OKa3biBaAH HHxaxoft noMomw, ho h HaqaAH eme B3HMan> c hhx HaAorn, BUKOAaHHBaTi* HCAOHMKH H Tpe()OBaTb B03MeiHeHHH «y 6bITKOB» OT BOCCTaHHH 1916 TOAa. npH B3HM3HHH « y 6bITKOB» CKOTOM OUeHHBaAH XaWAyiO H3 xy- AauKHx AouiaAeft no 200— 300 py6Aefi, a xa>KAyio H3 K33axcKHx — no 20—30 pydAew. To >xe caMoe npoA&ibiBaAH h b oTHoineiiHH xpyn- noro poraToro cxoia h OBeu.1 Pa3HHuy KyAaKH B3biCKHuaAH Aeiibra- mh. B AOBepineHHe Bcex 6 eA actom 1917 roAa CeMHpeqbe nocrar Heypo>Kaft. Hy>KAa, HeAOBOAbCTBO h B03MymeHFie iiapoAHbix Macc aocthtah KpafiiiHX HpeAeAOB. B pa3AHqKbie o^AacTHhie opraHbi no- CTyriaAH cothh Te.ierpa.MM h 3aHB.ieHHH o 6e3BbixoAHOM noAoxceHHH TpyAHlUHXCH MeCTHblX IiaUHOHaAbHOCTefi. 1 UrAOP Ka3CCP, cp. 9, on. 1, a. 142, jui. 1—5. 206

nojioaceuHe, co3AaBiireecH b CeMupenbe, crajio innpoKO H3oecrHo b CTpane h noBCioAy BU3UBaJio B03MymeHHe Macc. 18 aBrycra b ro- poAe TamKCHTO cocToajiacb AeMOHCTpaujHH npoTecTa npoTHB KpoBa- BblX HaCHJIHfi HaA Ka33XCKHM HaCOJieHHeM CeMHpeHbH. HenpepuBHO yxyAiaajiocb h noJioJKeHHe TpyAHiuHXCH KpecTbHH b CeMHpeHeHCKOH AepeBne. OpraHu BpeweHHoro npaBHTejibCTBa npoBOAHAH peKBH3HUHK) xjie6a, KOTopaa ne 3aTparHBaAa HHTepecoB KyjiaMecTBa, ho 3aTO CHAbiio yAapa-ia tio 6eAHHUKO-copeAHHHiKofi qacTH KpecTbfiiiCTBa. CeMHpeHeiicKaH KomppeBOjiiouHn bo rviaBc c renepajioM K hhujko h KOMHccapaMH BpeMeimopo npaBHTejibCTBa HIxancKHM h TbiHbmi- naeBNM AejiaAa Bee bosmojkhoc, r j i h Toro MTo6bi noAaBHTb peBOJiio- UHOHHOe ABHJKeHHe B otfjiaCTH. B HeJIHX «C03AaHH« TBepAOfi BAaCTH» b BepHOM h Apyrnx ropoAax CeMHpenbH tfhLiH opranH30BaHbr Tax Ha3hiBaeMhie KOMHTerbi oOmecTBeimofi 6e3onacHOCTH.1 npHKa30M no BOHCK.3M CeMHpeneiiCKOH oGjiacTH 6biJio npeAAO>Ke- ho ycxaHOBHTb oco6bie co6eceAOBaHHH <>cj)HuepoB c cojuxaTaMH.2 Flo npHKa3y reHepa-na K hsuuko b nacrjix 6biJiH opraiiH30B.aHU ocodbie CyAbI «nO 6opbF>e C Ae3epTHJ)CTBOM», KOTOpbie (JjaKTHHeCKH HBJlHJlHCb cyAaMH a a h npecjjeAOBann>i peBOJnounoHHo nacrpoeHHbix coAAaT. KorAa secTb o kohtppcboaiouhoiihom mhtokc rencpaJia Kopmuio- Ba ROUiJia ao TpyAfliAHxca CeMHpenbn, no oOJiacTH npoKaiwiacb BOAHa HapoAiioro B03MymeHHH. B BepHOM, nniiincKc, Jl^apKeHTe h Apyrnx ropoAax, no mhothm boaoctjim h cejia.M 6u j i h npoBCAeiibi mhthhth h co6paHHH npoTecTa. B CTanHuax JlencHHCKoro ye3Aa co- CTOHAHCb COdpaHHH, OCyAHBIHHe KOpHHJIOBIAHHy. J^BHyKCHHe IipOTHB KOpHHAOBIUHHbT OXB3THAO H IiepeAOBy20 4aCTb TpVAOBOTO K 333 M0CTB2.3 KopirHAOBCKoe BbrcTyruienne, BCKOJibixavDiuee napoAHbie Macchi, npnBCAo k o>KHBAenHio 3axnpeBiiiHX 6hhio Cobctob pa6oxiHx H COJI- AaTCKHX AenyTaTOB. BoAbmeBHKH 3aBocobiBa^a bcc 6ojibuiec u 6oJib- uiee BAHBHHe b CoBeiax. Hana^acb nojioca 6ojibmeBii3aunH Cobctob. Maccbl H3rOHBAH H3 COBCTOB MeHbineBHKOB H 3CepOB H BMCCTO HHX nocbiAaAH 6oAbiueBHKOB. B AepeBHe noAbrxa,™ xpecTbaHCKHe BoecTa- hhh. CojiAaTbi Bee name h qauie ct3jih H3T0HHTb KOHTppeuoAfouHOH- Hbix otjjHuepoB, 3aMeiiHH hx BbidopuhiMH KOMaHAnpaMH. TpyAHiAHeca naiuiOHaAbiibix OKpaHH cnjianHBaJiHCb nonpyr pyccxoro npoAeTapna- Ta. Bee 3th o6cTOHTe.nbCTBa 0Ka3biBaAH nenocpcACTBeHHo BJinmiHe Ha nojiojKCHHC AeA b CeMHpenbC, hto naxoAH-io cBoe Bbipa>KeiiHe bo Bee CoAbineM peBOAiounoHH3HpoBaHHH Macc. Ba>KHyiO pOJIb B pOCTe peBOAlOUHOHHOH BKTHBHOCTH TpyAHLUHXCH CeMHpeHbH CblTpaJIH CCH- TH^pbCKHe CoCbITHH B TaiUKCHTe. CenTHSpbCKne coShthh b TaniKCHTe xoth h He 03HanaAH eme rie- pexoAa B.aacTH n pyxa TauiKeHTCKoro CoBCTa, Bee x<e noKa3ajiH, mto b Maccax iip0H30ine.i pemaioin.Hft nepeAOM b dopoH y 6oAbiiienHKOB. ' n rA O P KaaCCP, <}). 9, on. 1, r. 4b, ji. S. * TaM mo. (J>. 94, on. 1, a. 16, ji. 157 2 TaM >Ke, 9. on. 1, fl. 20, ji. 8. 207

C o o S m e n n e o co6hiTHHX b TaujKeHTe cnjibHO bctpcbo>kh.to BepneH- CKyfo 6yp>«ya3Hio h ee areHTOB — MeiibiueBHKOB h acepoB. KorAa BcpHeiicKHti Cobct padonHX h co^aTCKHX AenyTaTOB nojiyqmi Te- jierpaM.viy ot TauiKeHTCKoro PeBKOMa, to MeHbuieBHCTCKO-accpoB- cKoe pyKOBOACTBO CoBeTa oSpamiocb c npii3biBOM k CoBeTaM Ce- MHpe^ba «OTHOCHTbCfl CnOKOHHO K COtfblTHHM B TaLUKeHTe*1. CeMM- peMCHCKuft ofijiacTHofi « komhtgt oGmecTBeHHoft 6e3onacnocTH» 3anpe- tuji «KaKoe-.an6o CTeuenwe ny6jiHKH» iia y.inuax Bepnoro h Apyrwx ropOAOB.2 CeMHpe'ieHCKan KOHTppeBOJIIOUHH, OCOtfCHHO MCHbUlCBHKH, acepbi h dypxcyasHbie HauHOHaJincTbi, npHHHMajia Bee wepbi k TOMy, HTo6bi CKpbiTh ot TpyARmHxca otfnacTH co6l>ithb b T a iu K e in e H Me- ponpHfiTHH TauiKeHTCKoro CoBeTa h P e B K o w a , no connauiaTejiHM h 6yp>Kya3HbiM HauHonaJiHCTaM lie yAajiocb H3ojinpoBaTb peBOAiouH- OHHblH TaillKeHT OT HapOAHbIX Macc CcMHpeMbH. PCBOAIOUHOHtiaH aKTHBHOCTb TpyAHUUlXCH CeMHpeMbH 0C06eHH0 ycHAHJiacb oceiibio 1917 roAa, hto BfattiyxtAeiibi 6ujih npH3HaTb M MecTHbie opraHbi BpeMeHHoro npaBHreJibCTua, rpe6yfi y cBoero uen- Tpa neMeAAeHHoro npnnsiTHa Mep. B bojiocthx BepHeHCKoro ye3Aa, BocxoMHO-KacTeKCKOH, Kapa6y.naKCKoii h TaftTOpMHCKoft, 6uah cjiy- 3axBara 6eAHOTOH 6aiicKoro CKOTa.3 TpyAflmHeca ropo/ja, pyKOBOAHMbie 60AbineBHKaMH, Crpe.MHJIHCb B3BTb B CBOH pyKH IipO- AOBOJihCTBeHiioc ACJio, HToCbi cnacra ropoACKoe HaceneHHe or ro.io- Aa. 2 OKTa6pH 1917 ro^a coSpaHHe pafioqnx h cojiast H36pajio KOMHCCHiO AAH npOBepKH ACHTCJIbHOCTH npOAOBOAbCTBeiWOro KOMH- TeTa.4 Pa6oHHc h ropOACKaa CeAHOTa npenaTCTBOBaAM BbiB03y H3 ropoAa peKBH3MpoFianHoro xjietfa, TOBapoB h npOAyKTOB H3 ckabaob « B ocToiiHoro o6mccTBa». TpaHcnoprbi c npoAOBOAbcrBHeM h Toaa- paMH 3aAep)KHBajiHCb.5 Od-iacTHbie BjiacTH BpeMeHnoro npaBHTejib- cTBa 6eccHAbHbi 6buiu npeAnpHHHMaTb KaKHe-jiHfo Mepu. KorAa KOMHecap KyTCMaAAHHCKOH boaocth ripaceBaAbCKoro yesjja norpe- 6obba npHctJAKii KapaTtyibHoro orpflAa, eMy 6hiJio oTKa3ano no TeM MOTHBaM, 9TO H3-3a IianpflJKCHHOrO nOAO>KeHHH B otfAaCTH HeB03Nf0m- HO «Apo6HTb naCTH BOHCK Ha MeAKHe KOMaHAbI»6. K 3toMy BpeMeHH b ropoAe BeptfOM Ha mhothx npeAnpHHTHHX h ynpe>KAeiiHHX HMeAHCb (5oAbineBHCTCKHe rpyniibi, ho KOTOpwe He 6 bi- jih eme o6T>eAHHeHbi b ropoACKyio napTHHHyio opraHH3aumo. Boab- meBHCTCKHe rpynnbi cymecTBOBaAH b no*fTOBo-TeAerpa(}>Hotf Komope, coio3e cTpoHTe.ibHbix pa6oHHX, Ha TatfaqHOH (J>a6pHKe, b THnorpa- Opy>KeHHbIX MaCTepCKHX, C0K>3aX KO>KeBHHKOB H nOpTHbIX, Me- maHCKofi ynpaee h Aa>«e cpeAH HHcapew bohckoboio Ka3anbero npaBAeiiHn h pa6owHx THnorpacJ)HH BoficKOBoro npaBAeHHH. BoAbIUeBHKH-TCAOrpa(j)HCTbI yCraHOBHAH npOHHyiO CBH3b C 6oAb- * A.iMa-ArnHCKHH o&nrocapXHB, 10/106, on. 1, a. 2, ji. 80. 2 IifA O P KaaCCP, 9, on. 1, a. 20. ji. 19. 3 Hctophh Ka3axcKoft CCP, 2-e H3Aa«He, t. 2. AjiMa-ATa. 1949, crp. 20. 4 AAMa-ATHHCKHfi oCArocapXHB, 10/106, on. 1, a . 2, ji. 91. 5 TaM *e, jm. 91—94; win LirAOP KasKXP, ty. 9, on. 1, a. 7. a. 10. 6 AAMa-ATHHCKHft o6.irocapxHB, cp. 10/106, on. 1, a. 122, Jin. 372, 373. 208

iueBHKaMH TauuKeHTa, noAyqaAH orryAa MaTepnajibi o noAHTHqecxoM no.io>KeiiHH b cTpaue. nojiyqeHHbie MaTepHa.ibi, pa3Miio>xafl hx iia uianHporpacjxj, 6oAbiueBHKH pacnpocTpanaAH cpcAH TpyAHimixca ro- po.ua. B VCAOBH5IX paCTyLUCH peBOAlOHHOHHOfi 3KTHBH0CTH Macc Bee (5o- Jiee na3peBajia neoGxoAHMOCTb o(VbeAHHeHHH Bcex 6o/ibineBHKOB Cc- MHpeiibH b e^HHyio o&iacTHyio napTHfinyio opraHH3auHio. Peuiato- iuhm rnaroM Ha 3tom nyTH ao a>kho 6 mao HBHTbca co3a.auHe b rop. BepHOM H3 OTaeabHbix 6oAbmeBHcrcKHx rpynn e/uiHoft ropoACxofi napTHHHoft opranH3auHH. PaCoTa b 3tom nanpaB.neHHH ycHJiHJiacb oceHbio 1917 roaa. BoAbuiyio pa6oTy hpoboaha BepHyBiuHwca b BepnbiH JL n . EMeaeB. ypo>xeiieii CeMHpeqbH, Teaerpa(|)nbifi cAy- acamuft, on b 1917 roay <5bia mo6 hah3ob3h b uapcxyio apMHio h cay- }kyui b TauiKCHTe. 3accb craa 6oJibuieBHK0M. HecMOTpn na cboio mo- aoaocTb, EMeaeB o6Hapy>KHA Gojibimie opraiiH3aTopcKHe cnocoG- HOCTH. BjiHHHHe tfoabuieBHKOB b napoAHbix Maccax 303pacTaA0. B stom OTHomeHHH xapaKTepeH cJieAytowHti (J)3kt. 7 okth£>ph no npHKa3y HJienoB TypnecTaHCKoro KOMHTera BpeMeHHoro npaBUTCJibcTBa IIlKancKoro h TbiiibimnaeBa 6uah apecTOBaiiu GoAbiueBHK Kapn Ob- qapoB h rpynna 6o.ibiiiCBHCTCKH nacTpoenirbix coaaaT. Bojimiicbhku noahhah TpyaH/UHxcH ropoaa npothb noAimeiicxoro npoH3Boaa Baac- Tefi h IlJKancKHft Bhiny>KAeH 6ua pacnopaAHTbcn ocBotfoAHTb Osqa- posa h apecTOBaHHbix c hhm cojiAaT. yCHAHAOCb COJlbUIQBHCTCKOe BJIUHHHG B BepHeHCKOM CoBeTe. Xo- TH 6oAbHJCBHKOB B COBeTe 6bWIO HeMHOrO, HO 0!IH 6bIAH TeCHO CB.q- sanbi c m accaMH h Tax nocraBHAH patfoTy, *ito hx bahhhhc pocjio c Ka>KAbIM AHCM. H o Bee >kc b HcnoaHHxeabribix KOMHTeiax Kax otfjiacTworo, Tax h B epHeHCKoro CoBeToo paGoqnx h coAAaTCKHx AenyTaTOB doAbiiieBH- KH 6bIJIH B MCHblllHHCTBe H pVKOBOACTBO dTHMH CoBeTaMH OCTaBa- jiocb b pyxax MeHbuienHxoo h scepoB. P oct opraHH30B3HH0CTH wecTHbix (SoAbiiieBHCTCKHX rpynn, HX noaHTHwecKoA h HAeoAorHqecxofi 3axaAXH, pocT MecTHbix peaoAtO- UHOHHblX CHJI 3a C9eT npH(5bIBaBtIIHX B o6.iaCTb COAAaT-(|)pOHTOBHKOB ij j<a3axoB, Mo6ii.TH30BarfHbix na «TbiAOBbie pa6oTM», ycHJiHBaJiH pc- BOAIOUHOHHyiO BKTHBHOCTb TpyAHIUHXCH MaCC. Tax, OCCHblO 1917 ro- Aa BOAHCHHH K33aXCKHX TpyAHIUHXCH M3CC HaCTOAbKO yCHAHAHCb, 9T0 MecTHaa aAMHHHcrpauHA BpeMeHHoro npaBHTeAbCTBa c TpeBoroH KOHCTaTHpo baA3, hto « b cAyqae HcnpHHaTHH Tenepb >kc de30TAara- TeAbHbix peiiiHreAbiibix wep bch KHprH3cxaa crenb neMHHyeMO b cxopoM 6yAyme\\i 6yAeT oxBaacHa bcco6hxhm BOccraHneM*1. 3 to npH3HaBa.i h ci>e3A ye3AHbix KOMHecapoB CeMHpeacHCxoft oftnacrn (oKTfltipb 1917 roAa), xoTopbifi b cBoeisi pemenHH 3anHcaA: «...noJio- jKGHHe ye3AH0H aAMHHHCTpauHH Kpanire HeonpeAOAeHiro, Her rapan- thh, qro ee pacnopa>KeHHH 6yAyT BbinoAH5iTbca»2. « LirA O P I<a3CCP. 9. on. 1, a . 3. ji. 28. • 2 L ir A O P Ka3CCP, 54-1, on. 1-a, a - 4-a, ji. 103. 14— 1201 209

yCH.ieHHe peBaiiouHoiiiioro A8H>KeHHH Macc naxonHJio CBoe Bhi- pa>KeHHe b tom, hto crajin pa3BaAHB3TbCH HaijHOiiaAHCTHqecKHe «MycyjihMancKHc padoqne cof03bi», co3AaHiibie 6yp>Kya3HbiMH Hauno- Ha^HCTaMH b HenoTopbix ropoAax. TpyuamnecH Maccbi see 6o.ibine nOHHMaJIH HCTHHHblft CMbTCA HaUHOHa.THCTH'ieCKHX «KHpI'H3CKHX HC- riOJIHHTeJIbHblX KOMHTeTOB» II «MyCVJIbMaHCKHX COK)30B» H CTSAH OTxoziHTb ot hhx. B ropoAe BepHOM H3 cocraoa 6ypjKya3iio-HaunoHa- jiHCTH^ecKoro «Kypyjrrafl», co3AaHHOro <5ypwya3HbiMH nannoHaAH- CTaMH — TarapcKHMH h K33axcKHMH KynuaMH H 6aJIMH — B KaqecT- Be oprana 3amHTbi « 0(>meHaiiH0HaAbHbix HHTCpecoB», ya<e actom 1917 roAa craAH buxoahtb K33axcKiie pa6d*me h peMecAenHHKH. B paAe ye3flOB CeMHpeqeHCKoft 06/iacTH KaaaxcKan w KiiprH3CKa« 6eA- HOTa BblHOCHJia peiUeHHH O AHKBHAaUHH «KHprH3CKHX HCnOJIHHTCJIb- Hbix KOMHTeTOl3» H O BXO>KAeHHH B CoBeTbl paCOHHX, COJIAaTCKHX H KpecTbHHCKHx AenyTaTOB. 3 th h Miiorne ApyrHe (JjaKTbi co Bcefi one- BHAHOCTblO CBHAeTeAbCTBOBaAH 0 AaJIbHeftllieM o6oCTpeHHH KJiaCCO- Bbix npoTHBope^HH b ayjie, o nojTbeMe pcboaiouhohhom 3Kthbhocth IIIHpOKHX Macc K333XCKHX TpVASHHHXCH. FlepeAOBbie npeACTaBHTCAH Ka3axcKoro napoAa CBH3biBaAHCb c 6oAbiueBHKaMH h hoa hx pyxo- BOACTBOM 0praiiH30BbIBaAH Tpy/UHUHXCH na 6opb6y 3a BJiaCTb COBeTOB. 18 oKTHdpji 1917 roAa OTKpbiJica 2-fi odjiacTHofi cbe3A Cobctor pa6oHHx, COJIAaTCKHX AenyTaTOB. Cbe3A> npeACTamififl CoBerbi, H3CpaiiHbie emc BecHoii h actom 1017 roAa, no CBoewy cocTaBy b npeo6AaAaiomeM dojibumucTBe 6bi.n MenbineBHCTCKO-acepoBCKHM. HecMOTpn Ha ycTaHOBJieHHyio mccthumh opraHaMH BpeMeimoro npaBHTeJibCTBa uejiyio cncTeMy orpaHHHeHHH, HMeBWHx uejibio ah- uiHTb pa6o4iie opranH3aunH h bohhckhc nacTH bo3MO>khocth no- CJiaTb CBOHX HCTHHHbIX npeACTaBHTeAeif, 6oAbm eBHKH Bee nee npHCVT- CTBOBaAH Ha cbe3Ae, a b o6a 3cthoh CoBeT 6 btJth H3<5paHhr OTAeAb- Hbie 6oAbUieBHKH — T. YTenoB, xW. IIJhaao, H. C. /Iopohhh, A. A. Ka.iHHHH h Ap. 3 to cHAbHO BCTpeBo>KHAO ceMHpeqeHCKyio KOHTppeBOAIOUHIO. «B OdAaCTHOM CoBeTe COAAaTCKHX H padOMHX AenyTaTOB 3apoAHAcn hctomhhk 6oAbuieBH3Ma, Koropfaift nocTeneHHO poc h paciiiHpHACH, yrpo/Kan noBTopeHHeM Toro, hto 6luio b Taui- KenTe h Apyrnx ropoAax»,— riHcaAH KOHTppeooAiouHOiiHbie «CeMH- peneHCKHe odAacTHbie bcaomocth*. BblpOCAO BAHHHHe dOAbUieBHKOB H BoSAaCTHOM CoBeTe KpeCTbHH- ckhx AenyTaTOB. B cepeAHHe okth6p« 1917 roAa -peBOAiouHOHHoe HApo o6Aacrnoro CoBCTa KpecTbHHCKHx AenyTaTOB, rpynnHpyiomeecH Bonpyr CoAbuieBHKOB, HanaAo H3AaBaTh «KpecTbHHcKyio ra3eTy», pe- AaKTOpOM KOTOpOH 6bIA dOJIblljeBHK x^. II. Bepe30BCKHfi. H3AailHe «KpecTbHHCKOH ra3eTbi» HMeAo 6oAbiuoe 3naqenHe h 0Ka3aA0 cyiue- CTBCHHyK) nOMOIHb MeCTHbIM napTHHIIblM OpraHH3amiHM B pa30dAa- HeHHH nOAHTHKH 3CepOB H MeilbUieBHKOB, B H30AHU.HH HX OT MaCC H b 33BoeBaHHH doAbiiiHHCTBa b CoBeTax. yCHAHBaAOCb BAHHHHe ^OAbllieBHKOB B np0(})C0l03ax. FlOA pVKO- «OACTBOM 6aibIIJeBHK0B padOTaA BepHeHCKHfi COK>3 HepiI0pa60HHX, 210

bo mace KOToporo ctohji TauieH yTenoB. BojibmeBHKH pyKOBOAHJin BepnencKHM coio3om cano>Khhkob h /ip. Ffo Mepe y6 e>K;ieHH« iia npaKTHKe b npaBHyibiiocTH Jio3yHroB nap- thh h pa3o6jiaMCHHfl KOHTppcBOJiFOUHOHHOH cymHocTH BpeMennoro npaBHTejibCTBa h ero npHXBOCTHeH — MeHbineBHKOB h acepoB — neo6 - xoAHMOCTb hoboh peBO-nouMH Bee 6 ojiee npoHHKa.aa b co3iiaiiHe Tpy- AH1UHXCH Macc H OHH CrUiaHHBaJIHCb BOKpyr 6oJIblBeBHKOB. * ** N)Cno6 ejia BeJIHKOH OKTHtfpbCKOH COUHaJlHCTHqeCKOfl pCBOJIIOUHH H ycraHOB/renHC CobctckoiI bjibcth b uciirpe CTpanw O K a ^ a jm orpOM- iioe B.’iHHHHe iia OTAajieHHoe CeMHpenbe. Oho T3K>Ke 6 biJio oxBaqeHO Tp«yM(J)ajibiibiM LuecTBHe.vi CooeTCKOH BJiacTH. OcoCchho 6ojibmoe 3Haiiemie Hwejio riisi Hero ycraHOBJieHHe CoBeTCKofi BJiacTH b Taui- Keme — ueiiTpe TypnecTaHCKoro Kpaa, b coctbb Koroporo bxo^h^io H CCMHpCHbe. O^iibko b cHJiy paaa npHHHH BJiacTb CoBeTOB b CcMHpeqbe yCTaHOBHJiacb 3HaqHTejibH0 no3^Hee, hcm b ueiiTpe cTpanw, b Taui- kchtc h bo MHornx pafionax Ka3axcTana. 3thmh npHHHHaMH 6 bum: CJiadoCTb MeCTHbIX dOJIblUeBHCTCKHX OpraHH3aLlHH, MaJIOHHCJieHHOCTb MecTHoro npo.aeTapnaTa, oTCTa;iocTb h TCMHOTa uiHpOKHx Macc ay.ia, eme He ocBo6oiuiBii]HxcH nojiHOCTbK) ot b.ihhhhh 6aftcTBa b cwiy rocnoACTBa naTpHapxa.ibiio-(J)eo;xa.nbHbix otiioiuchhh, 6o;ibiiiaH npo- <yiOHKa Ky^ianecTBa b pyccKoft /xepeBHe. BecbMa ocjio>KHyr.Ta o6craHOBKy b CeMHpe'ibe ocTaBixiaflca b na- cjiexxne ot npoiujioro iiauHOHavibiian po3Hb, bcgmcpho pa3;xyBaeMaa, C OflHOft CTOpOHbl, KOHTppeBO.aiOUHOIIIIblM Ka3aWbHM 0 (j)HUepCTBOM H Ky.'iaqecTBOM, c xxpyroft — 6ypxcya3HbiMH iiaimoHajincTaMH. Cmibiio saTpy^HJi.rio 6opb6y 3a yCTaHOBJieHHe Cobctckoh BJiacTH h to oCcTOHTeJibCTBo, «iTO b CeMHpe'ibe ne 6 biJin co3^aHbi OTpaabi KpacnoH roap^HH. BoopyxveHHue CHjihi KOHTppeBOJiionHH 3;xecb 6 ujih jjoBo.abiio 3Ha*iHTe.ibiibi. Hx nono^HHJiH 6e>KaEmHe cio,aa oct3tkh 6e.iorBap/ieficKHx SaHZi, pa3Cmbix h pa3rpoM.icnHbix b pe3yjibTaTe nofie.Tbr B cjimkoh OKTJi6pbCKoii coixha.*iHCTHqecKOH peBOJiiouHH b P occhh, 7'ypKCCTaHe h b rpaiiHqamHx c Ce.viHpeqbCM oCyiacrnx Ka- 3axcTana. UeiiTpoM KOHTppeBo.ifounoHHbix chji Bohckoboh COBeT Ce- MHpeqeHCKoro Ka3aqbero BOHCKa, BbiCTynaBiUHfi cobmcctho c ajzaiu- Op^hlHUaMH H C03jaHHbI\\l HMH Tai< Ha3bFBaeMbIM CeMHpcqeHCKHM O^.iaCTHblM «KnprH3CK0M COBCTOM». 1 hoh6p « 1917 ro^a BepxymKa CeMHpeqeHCKoro Ka3aqi>ero boh- cna, ormpaacb iia Kyjia'iecTBO h tfaiiCTBO, 3axBamna b cboh pynn BviacTb, o6pa30Bajia KOHTppeBo^iouHOHHoe odnacTHoe «BOHCKOBoe npaBHTejibCTBo» h ycTanoBHJia b o6;iacTH TeppopHCTHqecKyio 6 e.io- K33aqbK) ^HKTaTypy. Haqa;iHCb >KecTOKnc npecJiexxoBaHHH ncex pe- Bo^iouHOHHbix chji h, b nepByio OHepe^b, 6o.?ibrireBHKOB. Bo.abiireBHKH BbiHyjK^eHbi 6 u j \\w ywTH b no^noJibe. B nepBbie >ne R im CBoero cy- IHCCTBOBailHH «BOHCKOBOe npaBHTeJIbCTBO» yCTaHOBHJIO KOHT3KT c 14* 211

HyTOBbiM h Ka^eiiHHbiM, nocjiaB cboh AejieraunH Ha .Hoh, KytfaHb, b OpcH6ypr. K CeMHpeHbio THHy.THCb HHTepBeHUHOHHCTCKHe hhth MexcAyHa- poAHoro HMnepHajiH3Ma, KOTOpbift bch»icckh Hcno;ib30Ba.i uapcKHe KOHcyjibCTBa h OTjueJienHH PyccKo-AaHaTCKoro 6aHKa b KyAbA>Ke, MyryHaKG, Kauirape. Ha cpcACTBa, omycKaeMbie qep63 P vccko- A3naTCKHti 6 aiiK, iipnoCpeTaAocb opyjKHe, cydcHAHpoBa.iHCb hhihoh- CKHe naApbi, opraHH30BbiBa^HCb Boopyx<6HHbie ,6aham. Ctpgmhcl ok- K>’iiHpoBaTb TypnecTaii, HMnepHa.iHCTbi paccHHTbiBaAH AJin 3toh ugah npeBparHTb CeMHpeMbe b cboio onopHyio 6a3y. ^ JXeMCTByji no yKa3Ke HHocrrpaHHbix HMnepHajmcTOB, « bohckobog npanHTe.ibCTBO» naqajio roTOBHTb «noxoA» Ha TauiKeHT. 9 (22) hoh- 6pn oho o6paTHAOCb no TCJierpa^y b OpeH6 ypr k aTaiuany Jlyrdby c npocb6ofi nepe^aTb npHKa3 r Mgluxga (HpaH) 1-My h b A iiixa6 a ji 2-wy CcMupeneHCKHM Ka3aqbHM nojiKaM « o hcmcaaghhom nucTyn- yieHHH B TaiHKC!IT» AAH pacnpaBbl C pGBOJIIOUHOHHMMH pa60MHMH H COAAaTaMH.1 C c m m p c m g h c k h c a J i a m - o p A b i H U b i i i p h h h .i h a K T H B H o e y q a c T H c b COCTOHBLU6MC5I B K O K a H A e (TbC3AC 6y p > K y a 3H0 - H a U H 0Ha.lHCTHM CCKHX O p r 3HH3amHH — Iia im o p K H C T O B , yACM H CTO B H A P - » H a KOTOpOM 6bIJIO COSAailO T3K H a 3b IB aC M O C «n p a B H T e - lb C T B O K O K a H A C K O fi 3 BT0H0M H H » , b c o c r a B K O TO poro B O in e ji o a h h «3 rv ia B a p e ft c e M n p e q c u c K H x a jia iu - op A b in u eB T w H b im n a eB . B mgctc c CejiorBapAencKHM «BoftcKOBbiM npaBHTCJibCTBOM» aeft- CTBOB3AH peaKUHOHMbie ropoACKHC AyMW h 36MCKH6 ynpaBbi. CoBH ap- kom TypnecTaHCKOro npaa Tejierpac|)Ho npeAAO>KHA npnocraHOBHTb se e paCoTbi no BhitfopaM b 3C\\tctbo h o6t>hbhji pacnymcHHbi.M bcc 3e.MCKHC opraHbi.21 B ACKa6pe 1917 roAa C o B e T HapoAHbix K oM H eca- poB TypKCCTaHCKoro Kpaa H3AaJi npHKa3 o pocnycne BepHCiicKon r o p o A C K o f i A y M b i.3 Oa h 3ko 3tot Bonpoc Tan n ocTaAca iiepemeHHbiM. B nepBbic >kg ahh C B o ero cy m c c rB O B a im a « bohckoboc npaBH - rev1bCTB0» 06bHBHJlO CcMHpCMCHCKyiO 06.iaC T b Ha BOeilHOM BOAO- H<eiiHH. TopoA B c p iib n i npHHJUi bha Boopy/Kemioro A arepn. B Ba>K- hchllihx n yH K ra x ro p o A a 6biAH pacno.ao>KCHbi Ka3aMbH q a c fn ; KOHTppCBOAIOIUIOHHbie CHAbI 6bIAH CTflliyTbl B Ka3apMbI H npHBGAGIIbl B 60CByK) TOTOBHOCTb. CieAyeT noAqGpKHyTb, hto k HaqaAy 1918 roAa bcg ycHAHoaio- naacH b CGMHpcHbG xo3HHCTBCHHaa pa3pyxa, AaAbHenuiGC coKpaiue- ine noroAOBbH ckota h noceBiiwx iiAomaAen 3HaqnTe.ibH0 yxyAUiHAH noAo>KeHH6 TpyAHiUHXCH Macc bo Bcefi oCascth. Ky.naKH, pacno-ia- raBmne 3HaHHTCAbHbiMH 3anacaMH xAc6a, B3BHH*iHBa.iH na nero ue- Hbi. HexBaTKa npeAMCTOB nepBofi hco6xoahmocth, ocipwii TOBapiibifi 1 A^Ma-Aia b ncpwoA OktbGph h b roAbi rpa>KAaHCKofi bohhu 1949 cTp. 61, 62. 2 AnMa-ATHHCKufi oO.irocapxHB, tp. 320. on. 1. a . 2. jt. 3 1 TaM )Ke, (J). 10. a. 2. a. 118. 219

rcvioa, KOTopbiH HcnuTbiBajia o6jiacTb, npHBCJin k pa^ryjiy cneny- jisu iu h K B AexaCpe 1917 roAa c ueAbio ocJiatfjieHHH chji peBOJiiounn «BOii- CKOBoe npaBHTevibCTBo» pa3opy>KHJio h AeMo6HAH30BaAo iian6o.acc pcBOJnouaoffHbre nacru BepHencKoro rap«H30Ha, BbrcTynaeiuHe 3a CoBGTCKyio BJiacrb. TaK, b cepeAime AeKaGpn (5i>uia pacnymcna 240 CHMoupcKan ,apy>KHHa.21 A bc..ica 3a sthm Kowaccap BpcMeHHoro npaBHTejibcrBa HBanoB H3&aji 26 AeKa6 pq 1917 roAa npHKa3 o poc- nycKe o6.iacTiioro CoBera. BcJieA 3a 3thm KoiiTppeBOAionnoHHoe «BOMCKOB<>e npaBHrejibCrbO» apecroBajio pHA AenyTaioB CoacTa. CeMHpeqefrcKaa KomppenojiiouHn cneuiHAa ymmTO>KHTb CoBGTbi h tgm 3aAepA<aTi> no6eAHoe luccTBHe C obctckoh B.nacTjj. «BoHCKonoe npaBnre,TibCTBO» bcpmh Mepa.vni CTpeMHJfocb ne AonycTHTb iipohhkho- Benmi penojnon.HOHm>ix wAeft b CeMupeqbe. B pfwe nyHKTOB, n qa- cthocth, 3 cTaHnue KacKe^eH, 6 l>ijih paccraB.ienN 3acTaBbi, rAe 3a- Aep>KHBa.iHcb Bee B03BpamaBiiiHecB n ropoA Bepubiii coJiAaTbi-cfipon- torhkh h noABepra.nHCb TmaTejibHofl npoBepKe. Ha TCJierpacjje Obijja ycrajiOBAeiia cip oraa ueH3vpa. t^ H o , necMOTpa 11a Teppop h «K apaim iii», KOHTppCBO.rnou.HH He b cnjiax 6huia H3OAHp0Ratb TpyAHiunxcH CeMiipeqbH ot peBO.noii.Hon- Hbix ueHTpoB crpafibi. IIoAnoAbnan rpynna Ha TeAerpacjie otfecneqH- Ba.ia nepHGHCKHM OojibHieBMKam cBH3b c TauiKeHTOM. Xoth 11a Te- jierpa(|)e 6srji ycTanoBJien crpornH KoirrpoAb co cTopoHbi « bohckobo- ro npaBHTCAbCTBa», 6o,ibmeBHKH yxHTpaAHCb noJiyqaTb h ynocHTb c Tejierpa(J>a ko/ihji hovth bccx ahpcktiib, B033BaiiHii H Apyrnx wa- Tepna.ioB, nocTynamuHx H3 neHTpa h TauiKcuTa.3 IIoa pyKOBOACTBOM JI. n. EweAeBa napTHHHan rpynna Ha iiomtc h Teaerpacjie yMCJio op- raiiH30Bajia paciipocrpaucHUc cpCAH Hacc^enaH ahpckthb CoBercKO- ro npaBHTCAbCTBa h Apyrnx nojiHTHqecKHX AOKyMeiiTOB.4 Bo,ibine- BHKH H3 nOAnOAbJI npOAO-'l>Ka-’IH KpenHTb CBOH CB5I3H c MaccaviH H roTOBir/iH hx a -'ih BOOpy>KeHHOff 6opb6w. B ycAOBHHX de.ioKa3a«ibefi AHKTaTypbi OoAbuieBHKH CeMHpe9bH, b MacTHocm 6o.,ib!iieBHCTCKHe rpynnbi b ropoAe BcpnoM, yviejio coae- t3jih HejieraAbnyio pa6oTy c pa6oTon n AeraabHbix patfoqffx 11 Kpccrb- HHCKHX 0praHH3aUHHX. ^&a>KncHiiieH onopow 6o.ibUieniiKOB 6u.aa «KpecTbHHCKan ra3e- Ta» — opran ncriOAKOMa o6./iacTiioro Coaera KpecrbnncKHX AenyTa- tob. OHa cMeAo pa3o6AaqaAa KomppeBOAiouHomiyio AemeAbHOCTb «BOHCKOBoro npabhtc^’ihctba». YMejio Hcn0AL3OBa/i pcboaio- Uhohhoh pa6oTbi MemaHCKYio ynpaBy 6oAbiueBHK K. B. OBMapoB. B cbohx BbicTynAenHHX b BepneHCKOH ropoACKoi! Aywe on BCKpbiBaji KOHippeBOAKiunoHnyio cymnocTb «BoilcKonoro npaBHTCJibCTBa» n ero 1 TaaeTa «3apn cbo6oan» ot 28 anpe/in 1918 r., JSfe 40. 2 LU'AOP KaaCCP, (J). 9. on. 2. r. 33, jiji. 149, 150. 3 ApxiiB Ka:«|)n.inaaa HMJ1, 4>oiia «BocnoMHHaHHH ywacTHHKOB pcBO^fouH- ohhopo abhjkchhb B KasaxciaHO, a 55-a, BocnoMHHaHHa KucJioBa, .i.i. 1, 9, 24. 4 TaM >kc, ac-io «CnpaBKa 06 0KT5i6pbCKOH peBO/iiQUHH h rpajitaancKofi boA- hc b Ce.vnipeweHCXOH o6^acTH 3a upewa 1917, 1918, 1919 rr., .i. 25. 213

opraHOB. PeAaKTop «KpecTbHHCKofi ra3eTbi» CoAbiueBiiK Eepe30B- ckhh h pa6oHHH-c.aecapb OojibiueBHK OimapoB, pa3BepHyBuiHe aK- l THBuyio arHTauHio 3a CoeeTCKyio B.aacTb, BbiCTynaBiune npoTHB pa- . 30py>KCHH5I 6o.lbllieBHCTCKH HaCTpOCHHblX HaCTeft BepIICHCKOI'O rap- HH30H*a, 6bIJIH apeCTOBailW II 3BepCKH y^HTbl.1 x / B pC3y.ibTaTc patfoTbi 6o.ibiiieBHKOB h ycnjicnna napTHHiioro bjihhhhh b o&iacTHOM CoBCTe KpecTbHHCKHx AenyTaroB, B cejiax M ayjiax CeMHpeqba b KOHue 1917 roAa hm^ ih MecTo peBO-iK)UHOHHbie BUCTynjieiiHji KpecTbHHCTBa. B cepejnue iiontfpn cnJibuue BOAHemiH upOHCXOAH.iH b ToKMaKe, KyAa a*th noAaBAeHHH 6 biJia nanpaBAeHa Ka3aqba cothh.12 B nmimeKe npoxoaiuiH MiiorojiioAHbie mhthhhi coji- AaT-CeMHpCKOB, B03BpaTHBUIHXC51 C (j)pOIITa AOMOH. Ha MHTHiirax yqacTBOBa.aM paOoqiie, ropoACKaa CSeAHOTa h KpecrbHHe oKpeCTHbix ceji.3 B paae ccji JlencmicKoro ye3Aa KpecTbHHe OKa3a;w conpoTHB- AeHHe npH nonwTKe 6ejiorBapAeftcKHx BJiacTen npoH3BecTH peKBH3H- uhio h BbiB03Ky xAe<3a.4*B TaBpH.ioBKe (Ta^iAbi-KypraHe) KanaAb- CKoro ye3Aa KpccTMiHCKaa 6eAHOTa riOBejia 6opb6y 3a co3biB CT>e3Aa CoseTOB c ue.'ibio ycTanoBJieHHa Cobctckoh Bjiacrw. BoAHemiH 3Aecb npoAOJiwajinch necKOJibKo AHefi.5 Ana^ornqnbie BUCTyruieHHH HMejiH MecTo b paa.e Apyrnx BOJiocTefi h ye3AOB oC.nacTH. ypAwapcKufi yqacTKOBhift KOMiiccap TejierpaijwpoBaji b BepHbifi o tom, *ito MecT- 1 Hue KpecTbHHC noA bjihhhhcm SojibuieBHKOB «pacnopn>KeiiHH He ‘ HCiiojiimioT. Heo6xoAHM apecT iviaBapcfi h OTo6 paH»c opy«HH»6. Bee name HaCnioAajiHCb aiywan, Koi'Aa Ka3axcKne TpyAHmueca (nepeAKo npH aKTHBHOH noAAep>KKe pyccKOH 6eAHOTbi) 3axBaTbiBa.nn 6aiicKHH ckot h 3eM.n0 H3 c|)ohaob ncpece.acHqccKoro ynpaBAeiiHH. Tan, b KyTeMa.TAHHCKofi bojiocth fIp>KeBa.TbcKOro ye3Aa Ka3axcnaH, KHprH3CKaa h pyccKan OeAHora coBMecxHO npncxynmia k peKBH3H- Uhh daftcKoro h MaHancKoro CKOTa. B cbh3h c sthm a.Tauj-opAbiHUbi noTpe6oBa^H ot «BoficKOBOro npaBHxeAbcxBa» npHHBTHa peimixeAb- 51 HbIX Mep, yKa3bIB3Bf 4X0 pyCCKHe «KpeCTbBHC... npeAJIO)KHAH... peK- * BH3HpOB3Tb y 6oraXbIX KHprH30B CKOT AAH OK33aHHH IIOMOUUi . jie^MyuiHM KHprH3aM»7. ^ B ycAOBiiax HapacTaBiueH peBOAiomiomiOH aKXHBHOCTH Macc 06- AacTHOH CoBeT KpecTbHHCKHx AenyxaTOB npHHH.i, no npeA-aoweiinio 6o.TbmeBiiKOB, pemeiine o co3ubc 2-ro Ce.MHpeqeHCKoro' KpecxbHHCKO- ro cbe3Aa. Ha MecTax, b ceJiax h ay.iax nana^acb noArOTOBKa k c i^ A y . npiiHHTbie HaKa3bi H36paHHbiM Ae.TeraTaM peinHTejibuo Tpe- tJOBa.TH yCTailOB^eilHB COBeTCKOfi BJiaCTH H BOCCOCAHHeHHH Cgmh- penbH c CoBeTCKoii PoccHe&. 1 A.iMa-AmHCKjift oforocapxim, <t>. 348, ori. 1, a. 210, /i. 6; h^h TaM a. 49, jui. 1—32. 2 UrAOP KnaCCP, cf>. 9/1. on. I, a. 123. .1. 81. 3 Ta.M >Ke, x 33, ji. T3. A TaM >Ke, A- 123, .1. 143. 5 TaM we, A. 33, aji. S 3 , 84. 6 TaM we, A* 30, a. 77. 7 TaM wc. A- 33, .in. 65 n 177. 214

2-H o 6.iaCTHOH C*be3A KpeCTbHHCKHX AenyTSTOB OTKpbLlCH B ropo- Ae BepHOM 2 aiinapH 1918 rojxa.1 I la cbe3Ae npucyTCTBOBajio 153 Ae.aeraTa. C lipHBCTCTBHCM CbC3Ay OT Ka33XCKOH CeAHOTbl BhICTynHJI TOKaUI Bokhh. Pa6cyra c*be3Aa npoTenajia b oxieHb HanpajKeHHOH o6cTanoB- xe, b ycJioBHJix ycHJiHBaBiuerocH 6ejioro Teppopa, npoBOAHMoro « boh- CKOBhlM n p a B H T eJ lb C T B O M ». CT>e3A OTKpbiTO o6-bJiBH.i ceCa ctopohhhkom CobctckoB BJiacTH. Bo.ibiueBHKH cn.iOTHjiH noAaB.a*nomee Co/ibiiiHHCTBo AeJieraTOB CT>e3Aa h noBeJiH hx aa co6ofi. CT>e3A Bbicrynuji c pc3KHM npoTecTOM npOTHB 33KpbITHH «BOftCKOBbIM npaBHTeJIbCTBOM» ofijiaCTHOft «Kpe- CTbHHCKoii ra3eTbi», Bepno h qecTiio (yiyHCHimieft KpccTbHHCTBy, h noTpe6oBaji neMe^JieHHoro paccJieAOBaHHH oScroHTejibCTB y6HHCTBa Bcpe30BCKoro h OBnapoBa, HaK33aHHa bhhobhhkob 3Toro rHycnoro npecT>riuieHHa. Ha 3aceAaHHH CbesAa 9 mraapsi oScyncAajiCH TeKymnn momcht. Ko.MHccapbi BpeMeHHoro npaBHT&nhCTBa h npeACTaBHTeJiH bohcko- Boro Kpyra npH3biBa«iH k noAAepncice cBeprHyToro BpeMemioro npa- BH Te-IbCTBa. HecMOTpa Ha yrpo3bi co CTopoHbr «BoftcKOBor\\> npaBHTejibCTBa» h pa3noro pcxaa npOBOKauHH, cbe3A npHHHJi 6o.abmeBHCTCKyro pe30Aio- UHK): «...C'be3A npHlIieJI K O/lHOMy 3aKJIIOHeHHIO, MTO B UCHTpe P occhh, namwah c 25 OK*ra6pH 1917 roAa, bch BJiacTb nepemjia b pyxn CoBeroB co.iAaT, KpecTbHH, pa6oHHx h TpyAOBOro Ka3anecTBa,... h, KaK BHAHO H3 nOCJlCAHHX T&ierpaMM, He BepHTb KOTOpbIM 3H3MHT BbiHOCHTb He^oBepHc BccMy TpyzioBOMy Hapo^y UcHTpajibnofi Poc­ chh, b UeriTpajibHofi Pocchh njiacrb napoAa, BJiacTb C obctob onpen- jia , onHpaacb Ha Momb (jjpoiira, npHMKHyBmero k sTowy abhhcchhio h noAAepncaBiiiero 3Ty BJiacTb cbohm moiuhhm cjiobom. ^KajiKHe HOnblTKH FieiiaCblTHBLIiHXCH nOMeLUHKOB H KanHTaJIHCTOB pa36n;iHCb o Momb h TBcpAbifi Ayx HapoAa h m u , ceMHpeneimbi, oTdpomcHHbic ot uempa, OTKpbiTO noAaeM cBoii tojioc TOBapumaM KpecTbflHaM, <5opuaM 3a cBo6 oAy, 3a 3aKpenJieHHe nopaAKa h Apyrnx 3aBoeBaHHii peBo.uouHH»12. 3a 3tv pe3ojiioiuno 6lui noaaH 131 tojioc, npoTHB 15, B03AepHvaAHCb 7. B pe30AiomiH no Bonpocy o BofiHe h MHpe ct>c3a 3aa-BHJi: «...Mbi 3Aecb, HCHTe.au CeMiipeqeiicKOH oOJiacTH, npncoeAH- HneMCH k to hi iiJiaTtjiopMe, KOTopyio o6t>hbha3 B.aacTb HapoAHbix KOMHccapoB h C obct co.w t c k h x , paCoqnx, KpecTbHHCKHx AenyTa- tob, k MHpy 6e3 aHHencHH h KOHTpHdyuHft Ha ociiOBe caMoonpeAeAe- HH5I IiapOAOB. Tpe6yeM, hto6h Miip 6bi.a HeMeA*aeHHO 3aKJiiolieH, h6o bohh3 HyHCHa TOJIbKO HailifIM H HHOCTpaHHbIM K3FIHTa.lHCT3M»3. CT)e3A peniHTejibHo BhicrynHA npoTHB pa3H<HraHHH MencHauHo- Ha^bHOH P03HH, npOBOAHMOH « BOHC-KOBbIM npaBHTeAbCTBOM» H aAaill- OpAblHUaMH. B npHHHTbIX pe30AIOUHHX CT>e3A npH3B3A TpyAHU-lHXCH 1A^iMa-ATHHCKHH o&irocapxHB, (j). 489, on. 1. a. 56. 2 A-iMa-ATHHCKHfl o6/irocapxiiB, 489, on. 1, a. 56, jm. 2, 3. 3 Taw nee, jiji. 4, 5. 215

bccx irauHonajibHOCTen CeMHpeHbH k cnjioqeHHio b 6opb6e 3a ycra- HOBJieHHe CoBeTCKow BJiacTH. BbicKa3aBuiHCb npOTHB npecjieAo- BanHH y^acTHHKOB B0CCT3HHH 1916 roAa, cT>e3A noTpe6oBaji npenpa- THTb rpa6e>KH b ayjiax. Ct^csa peimui o6paTHTbC« 3a noMouibio K TpyAmUHMCH UeHTpajTbHOH PoCCHH. C 3TOfi UeJIblO 6blJIO tlpHHHTO nocTaHOBJienHe — nocJiaTb AejieraTOB b TauiKeHT h nerporpaA c ao- K.T3AOM O riOJIOJKeHHH B CcMHpCHbC H C npOCb6 oH O npHChlAKe noMouiH. Ha cbe3Ae 6biA H36paH o6JiacTHon CcmeT KpecTbHHCKHx AenyTaTOB bo rviaBe c 6 oAbiueBHKQM n. rpeHKo. 2-h o6.iacTHOH KpecTbfmcKHfi CT>e3A hbhach KpyriHOH notfeAoft 6ojibiueBHKOB. Oh noKa3a;i, hto 6ojibuiHHCTBo TpyAnmerocji Kpe- CTbHHCTBa CeMHpenbfl ctoht 3a CoBeTCKyio BAacTb. Ero pemeHHH, K3K H IiaKa3bI ceJIbCKHX H ayJIbHbIX CXOAOB, HBJIHFOTCH JipKHM nOKa- 3aT0.ncM pocTa peBOAiomiomibix iiacTpoeHHH KpecTbHHCTBa. H o cn- Jlbl KOflTppeBOJIIOUHH B 3T0 BpGMH 6bUIH BCe eiil,e OHeilb 3HaHHTeAb- Hbi. BcKope nocJie cnbe3Aa «BofiCKOBoe npaBHTejibCTBO* pa30rHa.no CoBeT, a nacTb ero hjiohob bo nnaBe c npeACCAaTe-ieM Cooera Gojib- UieBHKOM TpeHKO 6pOCHAO B TIOpbMy. \\^>BepHeHCKHe 6o/ibineBHKn 3HepniHH0 nposoAHjm Mo6HAH3aiiHio TpyAHiu.Hxcfl Macc CeMHpenbH iioA 3Ha\\ieHa comiaJiHCTHHecKOH pe- bojiiouhh. B nana-ie HHBapn 1918 roAa b Bepnbni BepuyjiCH c t^poH- Ta n . M. BnHorpaAOB (5 niiBapn no hobomv cthjiio) , oh npaKTHne- ckh craBHT BOnpoc o noAroTOBKe peBOJiioiiHOHiioro nepeBOpoTa b B epHOM, h pafioTa 6ojibineBHKOB no noAroTOBKe Boopywennoro BoccTaiiHH npHiiHMaeT 6oAee opraiiH30Bainibni xapaicrep. Ohh c eme 6ojibnieft caMooTBep>KeHiiocThio BeJiH pafioxy Ha npeAnpiiJimax, b lIpO(J)COK)3aX, BOHHCKHX HaCTHX, CpeAH pyCCKOM H Ka3axCK0fi 6eAHOTbI. B cejia h ay;ibi Ghah nanpaBJicHbi HJieHH noAiiojibiibix napTHHHbix rpynn, aKTHBHCTbi H3 coK)3a nepHopatfoHHX, noAyMHBinne. 3aAaHne opraHH30Baib 6eAH0Ty jijih noArOTOBKH Boopy^Kermoro BbiCTynjienHH,v npuBAGHb ee Ha noMoin,b BepHOMy. A kthbhuh ynacTHHK 6opb6w 3a ycTaHOBJieime CoBeTCKofl BJiacTH b Ce.MHpcHbe, H.aeH KI1CC c 1919 roAa KacH.Ni KyiuejieKOB paccKa3HBaeT, hto no 3aAaHino Coi03a qepHopaCoHHX Bbie3>Kajin no bojiocthm h ayjiaw: KacbiM Kvuiejie- kob — b A.iMa-ArHHCKyio Bo/iocm, CaApnii HypyMOB — b TaArap- CKyio BOJiocrb, ABe.ib KeH>KH6aeB —- b HanpammncKyio boaoctb, BenceM(5afi YM(5eT6aeB — b HeMO-iraHCKyio Bo-iocTb, ToKam 5o- KHH — B CapHTOKyMOBCKyiO, MyiOHKyMOBCKyiO H Zl>KaHAbMUUieB- CKyK) bojiocth. Ohh no6biBa;iH bo Bcex ayjiax sthx BOJiocTen h npoBeJin dojibuiyjo arHTauHOHHyio pa6ory cpeAH TpyAHiAHxcH, .npw- 3biBaH k 6opb6e 3a b aacTb C obctob. riOA'beM peBOAIOHHOHHOrO ABH>KeHHH B o6jiaCTH 0Ka3a.l BJlHHHHe Ha Ka3aqbH Haem, HBAHBmuecH onopoft «BoncKOBoro npaBHTeAb- CTBa». Tan, 3-h cotiih 3-ro CeMHpeneHCKoro Ka3anbero iiOAKa otko- 3aAaCb BhlllOAHHTb npHK33 O BhICTynJieilHH H3 BepHoro B ropOA flp>KeBaAbCK aah noAaBjieiiHH peBOAiouHomioro BbiCTyn-ieHHH.1 1 A - iM a - A T a b nepH O A O k t h Gp h h b ro /ib i r p a ^ A a n c K O H b o A h u , 1949, c r p . 82 21b

riHiuneK, nepnbiA H3 ropoAOB CeMHpeHbn, cBepr anacTb « bohcko- bofo npaBHTejibCTBa», h 31 AenaCpa 3Aecb ycraHOBHJiacb CoBeTCKan DjiacTb. 15 HHsapJi 1918 roAa KpecTbHHCKHfi crbe3A IIimmeKCKoro ye3^a, pyKOBOAHMbift 6o.ibineBHKa\\iH, o6t»hbha cc6h y'lpeAnre.ibHWM, ycT3HOBHJi b ye3Ae CoBercKyio B.iacTb h buacaha Cobct HapoAHtjx KoMHecapOB. B caca 3a niruiiieKOM CoBerpKayi BAacTb ycTaHOBH.iacb b ToKwaKo. Otp h a , HanpaB.nenMbift « bo$ckobijm npabhtcabCTBom» na no/iaBJiciiHc BAacTH CoBeroB b numneKe, 6bui pacnponaraHAHpo- Ban 6o.ibuieBiiKaMH h BepriyAcn odpaTtio b ropoA Bepubift. B KOHue BHBapn 1918 roAa b ropoA BepHbiH npn6w.i 2-h Gewwpe- HeHCKufi Kasa^HH hoak. I7o nyra H3 Hpana 6oSuu noAKa 3HaK0.\\in- AHCb c nojio>KeHJieM b ropoAax CpeAHCfi A3hh, rAe yw e 6bua ycTajioBAeHa CoBerCKan BJiacTb. P haobljc Ka33KH nojina hc Monm ffe BHAerb OTHOineimfl TpyABmHxcB k C obctckoh ba3cth, ee n spsux MeponpHJiTHfi. KorAa no.nK 6bui em,e b Aopore, 6oJiMireBHCTCKoe bahhhhc nponHKAO b ero psiAbi h oxBaTHJio ii2acTb ero 6oft: oB. B pe3y.ibTare cpeAH khx noHBHAocb neMa.no y 6e>KAenHb!x ctopohiihkob C oBeTC.KOH BJiaCTH.1 FTpH6bITKe nOJIKa yBCJTHMHBaAO CHAM peROAIOIlBH B BepMOM. BojibiueBHKH paaBepnyAH nojiHTHiiec,KyK) paOory cpeAH iipufibiB- miix Comuob. SneprHHHO b3hach 3a bto Ae.io /I. n . E mcjicb. Oh C03j i a J i n noAKy OoAbuieBHCTCKyio rpynny, b KOTopyK) bxoahah A.aeKcaiiAp ropAOACAOB-, ricrp ToAOBHeiiKo, C hahh, XamhobckhA, Bepe30BCKHfi (6paT yCuToro Cejioi<a3aKaMH OoAbiiieBHKa) h Apy- rne. 15 (J)eBpaAH neAa.ieKo ot K33apM 2-ro CeMupeneHCKoro Ka3a«ibe- ro noAKa, na CTapOKAaAOHmencKofi ruiomaAH, oma co3B3h oGme- ropoAcKoii MHTHHr, Ha Koropo.vf ynacrsoBaAo 1500— 2 000 MCJioBeK. MHTHHr oTKpbiA J I. n. EMeAeB.3 BbicTynaBiHiic Ha MHTHiire HaBeA BuHorpaAOB, Taiuen yTcnoB, Toxam Bokhh npH3biBaAH coOpaBirux- CH k 6opb6e 33 BJiacTb ConeroB. Oa h 3Ko na m irm ire yHacTBOBa.no OTHocHTeAbuo neMiioro Oohuob 2-ro no.'iKa. 3 to o(5croHTCAbCTBo 6hao Hcn<3Ab30BaH0 «BOHCKOBbiM npaBHTeAbCTBOM». O ho nocaa-no H3 KpenOCTH OTpHA, KOTOpblii paaOI HaA MHTHHr.4 5b?AH npOHSBCAeJIW apecrbi. CpeAH apecTOBaiiHbix OKa3ajiocb HGcKOAbKO k 333kob 2-ro noAKa. P a 3 ro « MHTHHra n apecr ero ynacTHHKOB cme tfoAbine naKa- ahah peBo.fnouHOHHyK) aTMoc^bepy bo 2-m noAKy. O h OTKpbiTo bctsa Ha CTOpOKy peBOAIOUHH. Y m(vio HcnoAb3y« co3AaBiiiy{oc« oOcTaHOBKy, BepiiencKHe 6oAb- mesHKH ynopno, repneAHBo paCoTa.nH naA coCnpaHiieM peBOAfOHHOH- Hbix CHA H cyMCAH o6ecne‘?HTb HX HOAaBAHioiuHH nepeBec B ropoAe. 1 U r A O P KaaCCP. 26. on. 1, A. 166, ji. 7. 2 BoAbiueBHK ropaoAejiou B 1918 roay paccTpanflH CeJiorBapAeHuaMH b CTannue CapKana. O p h m. a b t o p a. 3 ApxHB Ka3(t>Hj*Hajia HMJ1, $>orr «BocnoMHHaHH$i yuacTHHKOB peBOAiouH- OHHoro ABiisKeHHa b Ka3axcTaHC>, on. 1, A. 104, zji. 5, 6; hah tum >Ke, a. 24, Ji. 7. 1 Ta m Me. 21/

2 MapTa 1918 roAa SoAbiueBHKH C03BaAH MaccoBbift mhthht, nua- TejibHO ero noAroTOBHB. K 3T0My BpeMeHH 6 bTA yace pa3pa6oraH ZieTa^bHbiH njiaH peBojnomioHHoro nepeBopoTa b BepnoM: npeAno- jiaraJiocb 3axB3THTb KpenocTb, TeAerpacj), o6 jiacTHbie ynpe>KAeHHH, pa30py>KHTb KOHTppeBO.aiOUHOHHbie BOHHCKHG HaCTH, B HaCTHOCTH uiKOJiy npanopmwKOB. PaGonwe, 6biBuiHe cJ>pohtobhkh, ropoACKan 6 eAHOTa h 2-h CeMifpeqeHCKHH Ka3anHH noAK opraHH30BaHH0 hbh- jiHCb Ha MHTHHr. Ero ynacTHHKH eAHHOAyuiHO npHHHJiH npe^o>KeHHH 6oAblLieBHKOB: pa30py>KHTb KOHTppeBOAIOUHOHHfcJe BOHHCKHe HaCTH, ocBo6o^HTb iKWiHTHqecKHX 3aK.iioMeHHbix, ycTaHOBHTb b ropoAe CoBeTCKyio BJiacTb.1 Bo3rjiaBHB HaMaBiueeca BocciaHHe, OoAbiueBHKH coaepincHHo npa- BHJibHo ocymecTB.iH.3H TaKTHKy peiHHTCJibHoro HacrynjieHHH. TyT >Ke nocae MHTHHra cocTOHJiocb pyxoBOAHMoe (SoAbmeBHKaMH coBema- HHe, na kotopom 6biJi Ha.weMGH njiair ASAbHeftuinx ashctbhh h pac- npeAeAeHbi o6a3aHHOCTH mcjkav ysacTHHKaMH coBemaHHH.2 flocjie 3Toro Omao npHCTyiiJieHO k (j)opMHpOBaHHio KpacHorBap- AeficKnx otphaob. ToKaui B okhh h TameH yxenoB co3A3ah oTpHAbi H3 K33aXCKHX pa60HHX H 6 eAHOTbI, C. M. ^ypaBAGB B03r/iaBHJI APY“ >KHHy H3 p a 60MHX BepHeHCKHx Timorpa^HH.3 B Ka3apMbi 2-ro CeMHpeneHCKoro Ka3anbero nojiKa cTeKaAHCb GbiBWHe (fjpoHTOBHKH, pa6 oHHe, 6eAH0Ta h TyT >Ke BOopyxoAHCb, ^opMHpoBa^HCb b oTpn- Abi, KOTopbte 6bijih ABHHyTbi na pa3opy>KeHwe OejiorBapAeftcKHx qa- CTeft h Ha 3axBaT Ba>KHeHiHHx ynpe^KAeirafi.4 KpaciiorBapAeftcKHe ot- PHAU H OTpHAbI Ka3aK0B 2-TO CeMHpeHCHCKOTO nOJIKa 3aXB3THAH TIOV- Ty, TeAerpacj), pa3opy>KHAH KOMaHAy roiiKepoB, ajiaui-opAbiHCKyio cothio, 33HHAH npaBHTeAbcTBeHHwe y iipe>KAeHHfi. B iirecTb TacoB Be- Hepa 6 hIAH OCB06o>KAeHbr H3 TIOpbMbI nOJlHTHHeCKHe 3aKJH0HeHHbie. B agbhtl qacoB Benepa peBo.nlounoinibie orpnAbi 6e3 eAHHoro BbicTpejia b3hjih KpenocTb — onopy 6e.ioKa3aK0B b ropoAe, chhb b Heft Kapay- .ibi h fiocraBHB BMecTo hhx Ka33K0B 2-ro noAKa, npeAaHHoro peBO- aiouhh. BcKope 6biA ccJjopMHpoBaH nepohift KpacHorBapAeftcKuft noAK, KOMaiiAHpoM ero 6 ua BhidpaH GoAbineBHK Jl. n. EMejieB. B xoAe BOopyx<eHHoro BoccTaiiHH 6ua o6pa30Ban P cboak) uhoh- HbJH KOMHTCT, KOTOpwft B3HA BASCTb B TOpOAC B CBOH p>'KH. Boopy>KeHHOe BOCCTailHe BhipBaAO BASCTb H3 pyK KOHTppCBOAIO- HHOiiHoro «BoftcKOBoro npaBHTejibCTBa». BbiBUJHe KOMHccapu Bpe- MeHHoro npaBHTejibCTBa HBawoB h UiKancKHft b Ty >ne Hoqb CKpbiAHCb H3 ropoAa. 3 MapTa b BepHOM ycTaHOBH.iacb CoBeTCKan BAacTb. 4 MapTa 1918 rOAa b ropoAe Bepnow coctohacsi MaccoBbift mh- 1 ApxHB Ka3<})H^Ha^a HMJ1, (^oha «BocnoMHHaHH« ynacTHHKOB peBO.'iK)- UHOHiioro a b io k c h h j ? b K a z a x c r a H O , on. I, a . 24, a a . 7, 8, 28; h a h T aw >kc\\ a - 22 Ji. 61; h a h T a M * e , A- 20. * 2 TaM »<e. A- 20, 22, 24. 3 no BOCTiOMHHaHHK) y*jacTHHKA ApyHCHHbi, patfonero Tiinorpacbmi c 1901 ro- Aa, cTaporo OoAhuieBHKa C. T. MaACTwna. 4 ApxHB Ka3(J)HAHaAa HM7I, $ o h a «BocnoM«HaHHH yiacTHHKOB peBOAioiiH- OHHoro ABHxeKKfl b KasaxcraHe*, a . 20, BocnoMHHaHHe n. M. BmrorpaAOBa 218

t h h t rpyAfli-UHxcH, npHBeTCTBOBaBuiHfl noSeAy CoBerxKoft bjiscth. Ha MHTHHre ot HM6HH Ka3axcKoft 6eA»oTbi Bhicrynn^ ToKarn Bokhh, KOTOpblH Bbipa3HJl MHCHHe TpyAHLU.HXCH MaCC Ka3aXCKOro HaceJlGHHH, 33HBHB, HTO TpyAOBbie K33aXH H KHpril3bI C paAOCTbfO npHBeTCTByiOT 8.'iaCT!> CoBCTOB H TOTOBbl BCeMepHO IlOMOiaTb pyCCKHM pa60HHM, KpeCTbHHHM H Ka3ilK3M CTpOHTb COBMeCTHO HOByiO >KH3HI> Ha paBHbiX npaBax.1 4 MapTa BoeiiHo-PeBOJiiouHoiiHbifi komhtct C03BaA o^TjOahhchhoc 3aceAamie npeACTaBirreAen Bcex o6AacTHhix opraHH3auHft no Bonpo- cy O npH3H8HHH UeHTpaAbHOH CoBeTCKOH BJiaCTH H O C03A3HHH o6jiacrHbix opraHoB Bjiacin. Ha 3aceAanHe Cbi;iH npurjiauieHbi no qeTbipe npeACTaBHTejfH or k3>kaoh o6jiacTnofi opraHH3auHH, Kax, HanpHMep, ot o 6;iacTHoro KpecTbHHCKoro CoBeTa, ot KOMHTeTa no*i- TOBo-TeAerpa(j)iioro coio3a, ot o6jiacTnoft npOAOBOAbCTBeHHoft ynpaBbi H Ap. BoeHHO-PeBO.rilOU.HOHHbIH KOMHief IIpHCyTCTBOBajl Ha 3T0M 3aceA3HHH B IIOJIHOM COCTaoe.2* 5 MapTa cocTOHJiocb 3aceAamie BoeHHO-PeBOAiomioiiHoro komhtc- Ta c ynacTHeM npeACTaBHTejieH oCjiacTHbix opraHH3au.HH.3 OCcy>K- AAJlHCb BOnpOCbl O IipOAOBOJIbCTBeilHOM I10JIO>K6HHH B ropOAO, O Aa-lb- Heiiiiiefi 6 opb6e c KOHTppeBOjHouneft h 06 opraHU3auHH CoBeTCKoft B.iacTH Ha Mecrax. Ha 3tom 3aceAaHHH 6bi;i ycraHOBJieH nopaAOK Bbl60p0B HapOAHbIX KOMHCCapOB. BoCHHO-PeBOAIOUHOHIIblH KOMHTCT yHpa3AHHJi A(xa>KHOCTb BOHircxoro iianajibHHKa h H36paji BoeHHbiH KoMHccapnaT H3 5 MeAoneK.4 B CBH3H CO 3HaTIHT6JIbHbIM paCIIlHpeHHeM BoeHHO-PeBOAIOUHOII- iioro KOMHTeTa 6 MapTa 6 bui nstipaii npe3HAHyM BoeHifo-PeBo.uo- UHOHHOrO KOMHTeTa, B C0CT3B KOTOpOTO B01UJIH TOKaill BoKHII, KlIC- AOB H AP-5 X ^ B e c rb o norteae CoBeTCKofi BJiacth b ueHTpe od-iacTH — BepHOM oka3a.ta orpoMHoe BJwnmie ua ycTanoBJieHHe Cobctckoh bascth Ha MecTax. B /X>KapKenTe Cobctck3h BJiacrb no6eAUfla IQ MapTa 1918 ro- Aa.6' BcAeA 3a othm npoHcxoAHAo co3AaHHe opraiiOB CoBeTCKou B.iacm b ce jia x h boaocthx yesAa. Ha 3aceAaHHH /IwapKeHTCKoro yc3Aiioro CooeTa HapoAHUX KoMHCcapoB 25 MapTa 1918 roAa 6wji 3acAyinaH panopT JlecHOBCKoro cejibcuoro KOMHTeTa 06 H3CpaHHH HapoAHoro ceAbCKoro KOMnccapa, noMomHHKa ero h cexpeTapH. ye3AH bIH COBHapKOM yTBepAHA H36paHHWX AHU B yKa3aHHbIX AO.'I- JKHOCTHX.7 (y 12 MapTa 1918 roAa CooeTCKan BAacTb ycTanoBHAacb b ropoAe CepiHonoJie. 3Aecb (5ha opraHH30Ban CoseT h b ofoiacTb nocJiana * U rA O P KaaCCP, $. 1363, on. 1, A- 11. m i . 20, 21. 2 Av7.ua-Athhckhm o&inocapxHB, <£. 350, on. 2, a.. I, JlJi. 1—3. 3 >kc. 4 U r A O P KaaCCP, 4>. 25, on. 1, A- 36, m i . 1. 2. 5 Tam >Ke, $. 13, on. 1, a. 1, a. 10. 6 Avima-A thhckhh 06/irocapxHB, 4). 353, on. 1, A- 20; h.w TaM we, A. J. 7 TaM we, <|>. 340, on. 1, A. 4, a. 10. 219

cAeAyromaa Te.nerpaMMa: «B CeprHonoAe opraHH30Ba.ica Cou^en, ripocHM yTBep^HTb h aotb npHKa3bi»1. 14 MapTa CoBeTCKaa BJiacn> 6buia ycTaHOB^eHa b Kanajie, 15 Mapia — b raBpnAOBKe (TaAAW- KypraH)2. B Kowue Mapra CoBeTCKaa BAacrb ycTaHOBHAacb b np^enaAbCKe, a b nepBoii: noAoaime anpejia — b jIcnc.HHCKe3. TpyABrnwecn cea h ay.ioB c OoAbWHM BOOAymenACHHeM BcrpeTH- ah :->ry paAocTHyro Bec/rb. rioBcioAy npoxoAHAH mbthhhi h coOpaHim, BbrnocHRiBHe peweHHB 06 ycTaHOBJieHHH ba3cth CoBeTOB b yesAax, bojioctbx, cejiax h ayjiax.yi;iacTb Cobotob ObrcTpo yTBep>KAaAacb- fra TeppHTopHH Bceri otfAacVn. B a/ipec Boeiuro-PeBOAioiiHOHHoro KOMmeTa noc'ryna.'iH MnoroHHCAeiiHbie TeJierpaMMbr c npnbctctbhamh Cobctcko# BjiacTH h c 3aBepeiiHBMH o noAAep>KKe ee TpvAamHMHca. >15 MapTa 1918 roAa tfbLia iiOAywena TeAerpawwa H3 r jibpmaobkh ' (Ta^Abr-KypraH) o npn3H'aHHH Cobctckoh B;iacrH. B Te;icrpaMMe Bi>rcKa3biBaaocb notfceJiainie ruoAOTBopnoH pa6( m j .465 Ka3axcKne TpyAaiilHeca KyTeMaAAHHCKoft boaocth 17 Mapra 1918 roAa Tejie- rpa^npoBa.iir. «ycAbimaB ceroAHa o noGeAe C5o;ibmeBH3Ma, Bocb na- poA ropaMO npHBercTBye.T noByio BAacTb CeMHpeHba»\\ Kpecrbaire cejia Hpnropiioro BepHeHCKoro ye3Aa na cbocm cxoac nocTaHOBHAHr npH3HaTi> aiacTb HapoAHbix KoMHecapOB h bccmh cpeACTBaMH hoa- Aep>KHBaTb TaKOByio.8 ToKMaKCKHft coneT Apy>KHHbi npncAaA TeAerpaMMy or 10 MapTa 1918 roAa Ha hmh oO/iacTHoro KpecTbHHCKoro CoBeTa c cepAeaHbiM nphbctctbhcm KpecTbHHCKOMy CoBery h Ka3aKaM 2-ro CeMirpeMen- CKoro Ka3a*ibero nojina, noAAcp>KaBiiiHM abh>kohhc rpyAOBoro napo- Aa.7 B ce.ne Ochhobckom 18 wapTa 1918 roAa cocTOfUicn Miioro;iioA- Hbift MHTHiir b 03HaMe.H0Banne noOeAbr CobctckoS babcth, na koto- pOM ynacTBOBa.TH rpa>KAaHe coceAiinx cca h OKpy>Kafouwx bvaob ypOHHiua Ma;tbMaK. Ha MHTHHre npoH3HocH.rincb riphBeTCTBCHhbie pe«rn h yKa3bmaAocb, mto nepeA TpyAOBbiM napoAOM ctoht 3aAana VKpenjieHiiB nopaAKa h BjiacTH tpvahuxhxch. riocAe BbiCTyruieHiifl opaTopoB npori3BeAen c6op cpcactb h ceMmi Ha oOceMeHCHire boacm CeAHOTbf ceAennH AiiApeeBCKoro, HHKOAaeBc.Koro, MaAb'ia- KOBCKoro, OciiHOBCKoro, KapaOyAaKCKoro.* B o6AacTHbie oprariH3auHH nocTynaAH TeAerpaMMbi, npcrroKOAbi H ripurOBOpbl H3 pyCCKHX CeA H K33aXCKHX BOAOCTeH 06 OpraHH3aUHH CoBeTCKofi BAacTH Ha wecrax. Ha 3aceAaHHH CoBCTa HapoAHbix KoMHecapoB CeMHpeaeHCKoft gOascth 31 MapTa 1918 roAa 6 uah 1 A/i.Ma-ArHHCKnft ofarocaoxnB, $. 350, on. 2. a. 3, ji. 7. 2 A/iMa-ATa 3 nepHOA OkthOph h b roAb! rpaxmaHCKofi Bofiny, 1949, ctd. 97. 98. 3 AjiMa-ATHHCKiift o&irocapxiiB, <|>. 489, on. 1, a. 72. ji. 1. 4 TaM >ne, <}). 350, on. 2, a . 3, ji. 40. 5 TaM » e , 4». 350. on. 2, a. 3, ji. 42; hjih Taw )Ke, rt). 340, on. 1, A. 13. 6 UrAOP KaaCCP, (J>. 544, a. 139, a. 9. 7 AjiMa-ArHHCKHii o6.nrocapxMB, <}>. 350, on. 2, a. 3, a . 36. 8 Taaera «3apa cbo(5oaw» 3a 18 waa 1918 r., K? 53. 220

3acviyiuaiibi: npoTOKOJi FIpHropneHCKoro ceabcxoro pcBO-niounoHiioro KOMHTera o 6 yTBep>KACHHH CoBeTa H3 ccmh MeaoBeK noA npeAceAa- TCJibCTBOM M . n . OeAHpKo, Te.'ierpaMMa H3 ypAX<apa o npucoeAHHe- hhh k CooeTCKOH iuiacTH c npocb6oH yTBep^HTb opraHH3auHio CoBeTa, npnroBop JMb i >KHTejieH, ripo>KHBaiomHX b ypOMHiue Axcaft, o npn- 3HaUHH HMH COBCTCKOH BJiaCTH H O C03/XBHHH 06meCTBa riOA na3B3HHeM «yp0 4«m e AKcaft*. OOjjqcthoh C ooer HapOAHbix KoMiiccapoB Bbiuec pemeHHe: 3a npH3HaHne GaaroAapHTb, opraiiH3aunio Cobgtob yTBcp- AHTb.1 KpecTb^ffe FTHTHropcKoro ca/ibcnoro oOmecTBa, JIcncHHCKoro ye3- Aa, Ha cejibCKOM cxoac, BbicjiyuiaB TejierpaMMy H3 BepHoro ot npeAceAaTe.iH CoBAena BHHorpaAOBa CoBeTaM Bceft o&nacTH, b npn- roBOpe 3 a n n c a jin : «Q 6 iucctbo B b ip a a u jio x e n a iw e npochTb r/peAce- AaTe.iH BepiieiiCKoro CoBeTa tob. BwHorpaAoea... npHHATb ITaTHrop- cKoe otfmecTBo na y^eT h c^HTaTb ero Bceuejio noAWHHJiioiuHMCfl CoBeTCKOH BJiaCTH, H K3KHC 6yiiyT BblpaOoTairhT CoBeTOM nOCraHOB- -rieiiHji, BbicJiaTb na mccto a*™ pyKOBOACTBa h HcnojiHeiiHH».2 B.iaroAapn orpoMHOH pcboaiouhohhoA HHHunaTHBe TpyAnmuxca Macc b TeneiiHe MapTa 1918 roAa nofn*H no Bee# otfjiacTH, b 6oab- iiiHHCTBe BOJiocTefl, ceJi h ay;ioB ycTaHOBHJiacb CoBeTCKan BJiacTb. FIpejKHHe opraHbi MecTiioft BJiacTH nocTcneimo ynpa3AHHAHCb h 3aMeHHAHCb CoBeTaMH. BbrcTyrian na 3aceAaiiHH M ockobckoto CoBera 12 MapTa 1918 roAa, B. H. JleHHH roBopwi: -scCooeTCKaH B.iacTb CTajia ne mribKO ACCTOSiHHeM Kpynubix ropoAOB h ({jadpHMHbix MecTHOCTefi, OHa npo- HHicna bo Bee iviyxne yivib(»3. yTBep/KAenne CobctckoA BJiaCTH b CeMHpeiIbe HBAHeTCH IIOATBCpJKACHHeM 3TOro nOJIOKeilHfl. * ** V^yCTaHOBACHHC BJIACTH COBGTOB B Ce.MHpeilbC np0H30UJ.T0 B TO BpeMfl, KorAa couHa^HCTH^ecKafi pcboaioixhh pacnpocTpamuiacb no Bcert CTpane h CoBeTCKan BJiacTb 3aBepuiHJia cbos TpHyMtjjajibnoc mccTBne, b MOMeHT nepeAbiiuKH, iiacTynHBiueA nocjie 3aicaio4eHHa BpccTCKoro MHpa. B cjiojkhoA oOcraHOBKe, npeoAOjieBan orpoMHbie tpvahocth, CoBercKaji BJiacTb b CeMnpeiibe pa3pcma;ia Gojibmnc zaj\\a^w. Ona peuiiiTeAbHO 6opojracb 3a ynponeHiic AHKTaTypbi upOACTapnaTa, aa npoBeAeime couHajiHCTHqecKHX MeponpHHTHM. BoAbLuyio po.ni> b btom AeJie Cbrrpajia o6jiacTnan ra3Cra «3 a p a cbo6oah», nepoufi HOMep KOTOpoA BbimeJi 8 MapTa 1918 roAa4. JIoMah CTapw# h co3AaBan HOBbift rocyAapCTBefihlih anriapaT, CoBeTIJ CeMHpCHbH CTOAKHyAHCb C OCTpbIXl HCAOCTaTKOM KBApOB, n oco(5eiiHOCTH HauHOHaabHbix, hto CHAbHO om>maAOCb b yea^ax h boaocthx. I IcAoctaTOK KaApoB omymaACH h b BepHOM, Aa>Ke 1 AjiMa-ATHHCKHfi ofi^rocapxHB, cp. 340, on. 1, a. 19, ji. 24. 2 TaM « e , a. 20, ji. 2. 3 li. H . Jl eHHH. Co«J., H3J13HRC 4-e. r. 27, CTO. 140. 4 ra3em «3ap« cbo6o;iu » Jsf? 1, 3a 8 MapTa 1918 r. 21

OTflejiu BepnencKoro ye3AHOro CoBeia no stoh npHMHHe He Gbuiif CIOJIHOCTblO yKOMIJJieKTOBaHbl.1 M TpyAHOCTH ycyry6jinjiHCb erne h tcm, mto «jie.Bbie» acepbi h Gvp- ?Kya3Hbie HauHOHa/iHCTbi, nponHKan b cobctckhc ynpOKAeiuia, CTpe- MHJincb ;je30praHH3OBaTb hx pa6oTy, bhochjih b Hee 9jieMe.HTbr napTHaainnHHbi, cpbiBajin npoBeAenne OTAejibiihix MeponpHHTHfi CoseTCKoii B^acTH, npoBounpoBajiH MOKiiauHOHajibnyio po3Hb. \\/ ToKarn Bokhh nocTaBHA rrepeA Boenno-PeBOAiouHOHHbiM komhtc- tom Bonpoc o paccneAOBaHHH KOHTppeBOAionHOflHofi AeaTCAbnocTH ajiaui-opAhinueB.2 BbTAa H36paHa komhcchh, b coctab kotopoh Bouieji h ToKarn Bokhh. Pe3yjibTaTW npoAejiaHHOH KOMHCCHeft paCoTbf oBcy^KAajiHCb oGAacTHbiM CoBHapKOMOM 10 anpcjin, r^e Gwao npw- hhto peiueHHe AHKBHAHpoBaTb oGAacTHOfi komhtct «A.iaiiJ».3 npHHHToe no npeAAo>KeHHio ToKarna BoKuna peiueHHe o jihkrh- AauHH HauHOiiajiHCTHnecKoft opramisaiiHH «A .iaiu » hbhaocl yAapoM no CH.'iaM BHyTpe.HHe.fi KOHTppeBOJIIOUHH. \\A Bcaca 3a C03A3HHeM BoenHO-PeBOJiiouHOHHoro KOMHreTa Gmao npHCTynjieno k opraHH3auHH oG.nacTHoro coBeTcxoro annapaTa. n o o6pa3uy ueHTpa Guam o6pa30BaHH KOMHCcapnaTbi o6jiacTHbic: <}>h- hshcob, 3CMjieA0jjHH, HapoAHoro o6pa30BaHHn> noHTM h Tejierpa^a, 3,T.paBooxpaHeHHH, iocthuhh, npoAOBO.ibCTBHn, TpyAa, HapoAHoro X03HHCTBa, BOeHHblfi, nO HaUHOHaAbHbIM AGJiaM, KOTOpblH B nepBOe BpcMfi na3biBajicji KOMHCcapnaTOM «no yperyAHpoBaHHio pyccKO- TyaeMiibix OTHOiueiiHfi», h no aAMHHHCTpaTHBHo-rpa>KAaHCKofi uacTH. Bo rjiaBe Ka>KAoro komwccapHaTa ctoha napoAHMH KOMHccap, a npn HeM naxoAHviacs KOAAerHH. KoMHCcapbi yTBep>KAaAHCb CoBiiapKO- mom TypKCCTaHCKoro Kpan. Tan, nanpHMep, na 3aceAaHHH BoeHHo- Pcr3Ov'iK>HH0HHoro KOMHTCTa 7 Mapra 1918 roAa GhiA BbiGpaH napOA- iibifi KOMHccap no aA-MHHHCTpaTHBHo*rpa>KAaHCKofi naCTH h KOAnenn? k hcmv H3 5 neAOBeK.4 BcKope oh Gma yTBep>KAeH CoBHapKOMOM Ty-pKecvraHCKoro Kpaa.5. OOjiacTHwe KOMwccapbi o6pa30najiu Cobct H apoAHbix KoMHecapoB CeMwpeHCHCKofi oGnacTH. OAHOBpeMeinio co3AaBajmcb yesAHhie CoBeTbi HapoAHbix KoMHecapoB.6 Bwjih AHKBHAHpOBanbi ynpaBAeiiHH oGjTacTHoro h ye3AHbix KoMHecapoB BpeMeHHoro npaBHTCAbCTBa, naAoroBhifi annapaT, cra- pbifi cyA, o6;iacTHoe riepeceAenuecKoe ynpaBAenne h Apvrne 3BenhH nenaBHCTHoro HapoAHbiM Maccaw KOAOHHaAbHoro annapaTa. 13 Man 1918 roAa oGAacTHofi CoBnapKOM ynpa3AHHA 3CMCTBO, KOMHTeTM no BneAeinno 3eiHCTB h komMTeTbi no nuGopaM b ynpeAH- • 1 A^Ma-ATMHcKHfi o6-irocapxHB, 4>. 361, on. 1. x 81, .hji. 66, 67. 2 1J.PAOP Ka3CCP, ty. 4, on. !, n. 36, jiji. 5. 6: hjih ra3e?a «3apj? cbo6ojlj» or 13 MapTa 1918 r.. Ms 5. 3 UrAOP KasCCP, <\\>. 4, on. 1, x 36, a. 16. 4 Tom >Ke, 25, on. 1, x 36, /ia. 5, 6; h.th AaMa-ArnffCKHH oOarocapxHB, 4). 340, on. 1. x 13, ax 2—7. 6 AaMa-ATHHCKHfl oGarocapxnn, r|). 340. on. 1, x 13. 6 TaM /KC, a. 15. 222

TenbHoe co6paHHC.' OujhCkoh ceMHpeneHCKHx napTHHHbix h coBeT- ckhx .opraHOB ObiAO to, *ito BepHeHCKaa ropoACKan ^ywa npoAOji- >Kajia cymecTBOBaTb.12 B cootbctctbhh c AexpeTaMH CoBeTCKoro npaBHrejibCTBa 6hjih yHHmo}KeHbi HauHOHa.ibiibie, cocAOBHbie h Be- pOHCHOBCAHLIC OrpaHHHeHHH H npHBHJierHB, OTMeiieHbl COCAOBHH H CTapbie 3BaHH«, 06'bBBJieHO 0 paBIIOnpaBHH JKOHUIHH, UCpKOBb OTACAcna ot rocy^apcTBa, iiiKOAa — ot uepKBH.3 B nponecce CAOMa cTapoft rocy^apdBeHHoft MauiHHbi b ye3Aax, bojiocth x h cejiax CeMHpeHbH noBceMecTHo npuxoAnjiocb npeoaojie- b 3Tb 6emeHoe conpoTHBAenne chji KOHTppeBOAiouHH. Tax, Boeimo- PeBo^iouwoHHbrft KOMHTeT j^jKapKCHTCKoro ye3Aa pacnycma JX>xap- KeiiTCKyio ropoACKyio ynpaBy 3a catfoTaxv MeponpwiTHH CoBercKofi BviacTH h cpbiB npoAOBOAbCTBeiuioro cna6>KCHHH ropoAa.4 Be.aorBap^eftcKoe of^nuepCTBo KOHueHTpHpoBajiocb b oKpywaio- mwx ropoA BcpHbiH craHHuax; 3 A e c b >xe HaxoAHAHCb qjienbi CBepr- nyToro «BoftcKOBoro npaBHTe-ribCTBa». Ohh npH npHMOM ynacTHH «AeBbix» acepOB h a^am-opAwimeB totobhjih mhtb>k npoTHB Cobct- CKOft BA3CTH. CeMHpe^eHCKHft BoeiiHO-PeBOAiouHOHHbiH komhtct npoflBn.3 ncMa- jivk) SHeprmo no C>opb6e c KOHTppeBOAioiiHefi. 8 Mapra 6ha cmnaH peBOJiiouHOHHbift TpnGyHaA c abvmh npH neM komhcchhmh: no 6opb6e c KOHTppoBOJiioiiHCH h no 6opb6 e C MapOACpCTBOM h cnexyAHUHeft.5 B TOT /KC AeHb O^.iaCTHOH BoeHHO-PCBO.niOUHOHIIHH KOMHTeT o(5pa- THACH C. B033B3HHCM K HaCGJieHHIO o6jiaCTH, npH3bJBaH erO npOBOjJHTb B >KH3Hb npOrpaMMy COJIbUJeBHKOB H peilJHTeJIbHO 6opOTbCH C KOHTp- peBOAiouneH. B ve3^ax Taxx<e craAH c.03AaBaTbCH komhcchh no 6o p b 6 c C KOHTppeBO.lfOUHefi. B nepBbie >xe ahh nocvie ycTaHOBJieHHH Cobgtckoh bascth HaHa- Aacb noAroTOBKa k BwOopaw BepHGHCxoro ropOACKoro CoBeTa. Flo HHHiiHaTHBe napTHHHOii opraHH3aixHH 10 MapTa 6bTAo npoBCjeno o^ujeropoACKoe cotfpauHe patfonnx n o Bonpocy o B03o6noBJieHHH AenTeAbHocTH CoeeTa pa6oqnx h coaastckhx AenyraTOB. CoCpaHHe Ha.MeTHAO nopHAOK BbiOopoB AenyTaTOB.6 BepHCHCxan ropoACxan napTHHHan opraHH3auHH pa3pa(3oTaAa h onv6AKKOBaAa b ra3eTe «3apj? c D o 6 o ,n b i» «HaKa3 AenyTaTaM BepiieHcxoro CoBeTa». «Hauja peBOAionHJi aoax<H3 npuHecTH HapoAy noAnoe ocbo6o>k- ACHHe,— roBopnjiocb b Haxa3e,— naewHOMy paOcTBy AOA>xen 6wTb nOAo>xeH Koneu. 3e.\\fAH, AOMa, pyAHHKH, MeCTa aah pbitfHOH aobah, (jDaOpHKH, 3aB0AbI, ACHOKHhIH KanHTaA, BCeOpVAHfl npOH3BOACTBa K3K b ropoAC, TaK h b AepeBHe,— Bee aoajkho 6hiTb oTo6 paHo y hhx, ne3aK0HHbix BAaAe.nbueB, nacTHbix KpynHbix co6ctbchhhkob, h B3«to B pyKH HaiUHMH HapOAHbIMH H36paHHHKaMH... B CoBeTe 3TOT H3K33 1A;jMa-ATHHc.KHii oCjirocapxHB. (j). 320. on. 1, x 17. 1. 2 fa3eT3 «3apn cBo6o^iji»r X? 50. 3a 15 wa« 1918 r. 3 A.iMa*ATHHCKnft ofi.irocapXHB, 340. on. 1. A. 3. .in. 14—25. 4 TaM >«e. <}>. 353. on. 1, a. 9. a. 25. 5 Lir.AOP KaaCCP, 13. on. 1. a . 1. a . 14. 6 Tasera «3aph cbo^ozus- 3a 12 Mapia 1918 r. 223

AenyTaTH aoahchh OTcraHBaTb co Been SHcprHeii. J^enyTaT, hc 3a- mHmaioiUHft b CoBeTC stot HaKa3, hc ncnoAHaeT bojiio ero nocjiaii- 1UHX, oh iio.'iJKeii 6biTb iieMe^ieiiiio 0T03BaH...»! HaKa3 o6cy>KAaACH Ha MHoroaio^Hux coCpauHnx TpyunmHXCH ropoAa h 6uji eAHHOAyiu- ho oAoCpcH. Oh CTa/i nporpaMMOH pa6 oTbi BepHCHCKoro CoBeTa. 15 Mapia Ha npeAnpHHTHHX ropoAa HaqaAHCb Bbidopu b Cobct. B KOHue MapTa BepneHCKHH CoBeT b hobom cocTaBe bo3o6hobha cboio AeaTejibHOCTb.12 14 anpeAH 1918 roAa coctohaocb o6i>eAHHeHHoe 3aceAaHHe Bo- emio-PeBO^ioHHOHHoro KOMHTCTa, BepHCHCKoro CoBeia paOoHHX h coAAaTCKnx AenyTaTOB w o6jiacTHoro CoBeTa xpecTbHHCKHx Aeny­ TaTOB C npeACTaBHTGAHMH BOHHCKHX HaCTeH H AGAeraT3MH O^meCTBeil- Hbix opranH3auHft.3 FIocAe BbiCopoB npe3HAHyMa (5buia BbiAeAeHa MaHAarHan komhcchh H3 3 nenoBex tioa npeAceAaTejibCTBOM Toxaiua BoKHHa. ripoBcpuB MaHAaTH AenyTaTOB, komhcchh cocraBHJia cnncox npeACTaBHTeAeH b cocTauc 71 neAOBexa, lipaBOMOHHbix o6pa30BaTb ofejiaCTHOH CoBeT. 3aTCM BHACAHAHCb ((jpaKUHH 60AbIlieBHK0B, «Ae- Bbix» SCCpOB H HHTCpHaUHOHajlHCTOB. CaMOH MHOrOHHCACHHOH 6bIAa (J)paKUHH Co.nbIHeBHKOB.4 IlOCAe Of)Cy>KAeHHH KaHAHAaTyp OblAH npoBCAeHbi Bbifiopbi oGAacTHoro HcnoAHinejibHOro komht6ta — Bbic- mero opraHa Cobctckoh babcth CeMHpcHbn. <l>paxuHH tfoAbmeBHKOB npeAAOyKHAa CnHCOK KaHAHA3T0B B 0(3.1HCriOAKOM B COCTaBC 15 MAe- HOB H 2 KaHAHAaTOB. Ilo npeAAO>KCHHK) COAbLUeBHKOB B COCTaB 06AHCn0AK0Ma 6bIAH H36paHH dOAbllICBHKH' TI. M. BHHOrpaAOB (npeAceAaTeAb), C. M. >I<ypaBAeB (TOBapwm npeAceAaTeAJi), Taiueii YTenoB, n. J\\. TpeHKO, M. H. CiierHpeB, M. IlaBAOB, BopodbCB, EropoB h Ap. Ha 3aceA3HHH (5wao npHHHTO npuBCTCTBiie 2-My Ccmh- pencHCKOMy xa3awbeMy noAxy 3a ero ynacTue b csep/KCHiiH xoHTp- pesoAiouHOHHoro «BOHCKOBoro npaBHTe.ibCTBa» h BbiHeceHa 6«iaro- AapHOCTb BoeHHO-PeBOAIOUHOHHOMy XOMHTCTy, KOTOpblfi, BbinOAHHB cboh (JjyHKUHH, nepeAaA BAacTb CoBeiy.5 ^rOdAacTHofi hcitoakom pa3BcpH>\\Ji AenTeAbHyK) noAroTonxy k co- 3biBy o6AacTHoro c-be3Aa C obctob pa6o4Hx, xpecTbHHCXnx ii coaabt- ckhx AenyTaTOB, na3HaHeHHoro Ha 25 Man. B ccm yeaAHbiM, ayAbHbiM, CCAbCKHM, CTaHHMHblM, nOCCAKOBbIM H KHLUAaHHblM CoBeTaM Ii KO- MHecapaM 6biA0 npeAAo>KeHo npoBecTH k 3T0My epoxy BOAocTHbie h ye3A»bie ci>e3Abi C obctob h H36paTb HcnoAHHTeAbiibie KOMirrcTbi h AeAeraTOB Ha ofiAacTHoii cbC3A.6 UPaCoTa no co3biBy otfAacTHoro cbe3Aa C obctob 6buia npcpoaHa HawaBLiiHMCH 16 anpeAH 1918 roAa KOHTppeBOAiouHOHHbiM mhtokom, KOTopbiH noAHHAH OcAoxasaxn npn n0AAep>KKe aAaui-opAMHueB.’ 1 r a3eTa «3ap« cbo6oau>, Jsrg 34, ot 17 anpeAH 1918 r. 2 I'ajeTa «Ka:$axcTaHCKan npan,ia» 3a 26 Man 1948 r. 3 AjiMa-ATHBCKHft o&irocapxHB, $. 361, on. 1, a. 14 ™ 14 35 41 4 UrAO P KaaCCP. cp. 24, on. 1, a. 11. a. 106. * * „ o6\"roeapxHB <t>. 340, on. 1. «. 4, 32; „„„ u rA O P Ka3GCP, (p. 24, on. 1, a . 11, a . IOo. 6 TaM *e, <p. 361, on. 1, a . 3. a. 1. 224

B 3t o m iio/u io m Aejie H eM ajjyio p o jib cw rp ajiH «jieB bie» acepbi. B Hcmb n a 16 anpejiH 6 hiji H anpaBJieH KpacH orBapAeiicKH H O T pa j na CTaHHuy C ocjjH ftcK yio ( T a / ira p ). Ko.MaHAOBaBiiiHft otphaom «jieBbifi> 3CCp H c r o CTOpOHHHKH CBOHMH AeHCTBHHMH otfpCKJIH OTpHA Ha pa3rpoM . H e y /ia n a nepijoro BbierynjieH H H npoTHB 6 ejiO Ka3aKOB no- CJiy>KHJia CHTHaAOM K OTKpbITOMy KOHTppeBOJIIOUHOHHOMy MHTOKy. O t p h a w 6ejioK33aKOB c o B c e x CTopoH oC-tio kh jih ro p o / i BepubiH. T opo^ n e 6bui no^roTOB^eH k o c a ^ c , b hcm hc 0 K a3 ajiocb 3anacoB npo^oBOJibCTBHH. B ropojie wepe3 «^euwx» acepos Cbiaa ycwjiena no^ pbiB H an p a 6 o T a . Oca/jHB r o p o A , m h t 6>k h h k h n b rra jn ic b B3HTb ero H3wopOM. O hh OTpe3a;iH nyTH CHa6n<eHH5! Bepnoro npoAOBOjib- CTBHeM. Bch TH>KecTb o 6 opoHbi ro p o A a j ie r j ia Ha BepHeHCKHx T pyA nm uxca. OrpaAbi KpaciioA mapAHH My>KecTBeiiHo 3amHiiwiH ropoA. FIoa pyKOBOACTBOM 6 ojibiueBHKOB 6 b iji co3^aH BoeHHbiH Co»er h 3 npeA- craBHTejieH KpacHorBap^eficHHX qacTcfi.' BepHeHCKan napTHrtHaH opraHH3am i5i o 6 pam nacb c B033B3HHeM k 3amHTHHKaM ropoAa h k Tpy^OBOMy Ka3anecTBy. B oA bineB H KH npoBOAHAH paa-bHCHUTejibHyio h BocnH TaTe^ biiyio paCoTy b o c a jk^ch h o m BcpHOM, opraHH30BbiBajiw MCAHIIHHCKOC o 6 c^y>KHBaHHe. TjiaBapH M5ITOK3 H e MOrjIH nOJIOJKHTbCH Ha pHAOBbIX Ka33KOB, KOTOpbie o6MaHOM H yrp03a\\!H 6hIAH BOBAe’ieHbl B ailTHCOBeTCKHH MHTe>K h cpc;iH KOTopbix pocjio ne^oBOJibCTBO. H CeAorBapAeficKaa BepxyniKa a ^ih otfMana Macc h c uejibio ounrpaTb BpeMH Hanajia «MHpHbrc ncpcroBopbi». B BepHbift 6hi.ua noc-iaHa AcvierauHH. Ho ManeBpbi rviaBapefi kohtppcbojiiouhh He momh cnacrn mhtokhhkob ot OKOHqaTevibHOro pa3rpoMa.21 B KOirne anpeJifl — nanayie Man H3 TaiuKeirra na noMomb oca>K- ACHHOMy BepHOMy BbimeA Boopy>KeHiibiH OTpHA.3 B cejiax h boaocthx CTa^iH co3J3.aBaTbca CocBhie OTpa^bi, KOTopue npncoeAHHHAHCb k 3amHTHHKaM ropoja hjih B.iHBaJiHCb b TaiuKeHTCKHH orpnA- B 3a- naAiiofi nacTH BcpirencKoro ye3Aa 6ma opraifH30Ban 6oeBofi otpha H3 KpecrbHH ceji CepreeRKa, l1hgh, npyAKH, BmibHMOBKa h BypryH noA KOMaH^OBaiiweM M. n. <I>cahpko, pa3BepHyBiiniH aKTHBHbic 6oe- Bbie AOHCTBHJI IipOTHB 6eAOKa3aKOB. n o BOCnOMHHaHHHM n . M. Bh- Horpa^oBa, rpn He^e.™ Haxo^HBiuerocn b stom OTpnAe, oh ona3aji cepbe3Hyio noMomb ropoAy BepHOMy. I'opoACKaH napTHHHan opraH H 3au H 5i M o6n/iH 30Bajia Bee chaw Aah omopa KOHTppeBOJiionHH.4 Bhma npoBe^eHa Mo6HJiH3auHH KOMMyHHCTOB, KOTOpblX CpOMHO o6vqH.nH, BOOpy>KHJlH H OTnpaBH.TH npoTHB 6c^OKa3aKOB. 19 Man o6^acrnoH CoBHapnoM Koncj)ncKOBa^ ,aoMa h Apyroe HMymecTBO jihu, 6e>KaBuwx H3 ropoAa h npHMKHyB- HiHX k 6ejiOKa3aKaM. COBMOCTHblMH yCHJIHHMH BCpHeHCKOH KpaCHOll TBapAH H H TaiH- 1 ra3era «3apa CBoCoaw> 3a 23 anpejiH 1018 r. 2 Aji.Ma-ATHHCKHfl o6/trocapxHB, 15, on. 1, a. 3, n. 1. 3 U rA O P KasCCP, (|). 24, on. 2, a - 19. n. 1. 4 A-iMa-ATHHCKuA o&irocapxHB, 4). 340, on. 2, a . 24, a . 40. 15-1201 225

KeiiTCKoro KpacHorBapAefic-Koro oTpJi^a 6eA0Ka3anHH MHTeac <5ma pa3rpoMAen. TaKHM o6pa30M, ncpBue nonbiTKH KOHTppeBOAiouHH CBepniyTh CoBeTCKyio BJiacxb b CeMHpenhe 6 hum ot6iitu. ripn jiHKBHAauHH Cc.ioKa3alibcro MflTexca ocodeHHO otahuhach otpaa, KOTOpbiM KOMaH/tOBaji tfoAbiueBHK JI. n. EMe.nee, ah ^ho noKasaBiunfi o6pa3Uw wyxtecTBa h rcpOH3Ma. ycH^HBajiacb peBojiiouMomiaH aKTHBHOCTb TpyAOBbix wacc xa3a- iiecTBa. B Mae 6bi;ia noAyncna TeaerpaMMa o tom, uto cianHua IleTponaBaoBCKaH oaraeTCH Bepnofl CoBeTCKofi BAacTH h hto ee >KHTejiH cAajin opy>KHe b MecTHbift auiaA-' Tanne we CBCAemm nociynajia H3 craHHU KanajibCKOH, KapaCiyjiaKCKOM, CepnionoAbCKOii h Ap.2 31 Man JlencHHCKHH ye3AHbift CoBiiapKOM TCAerpa(j)OM coo6- luha, ^To b ye3Ae Bee crioKoftHO, rpyAOBoe KasanccrBo noAHOCTbio npH3iiaeT CoBeTCKyio BAacrb.3 H3BACKUIH ypOK H3 MHTOK3, otfAHCnOAKOM OHHCTHA KOMaHAUblft cocraB KpacHoft rBapAHH or «ACBbix» acepoB h Ka3iiaqKA Jl. n. EMe- Aeaa oOAacnibiM BoemibiM KOMHCcapoM h KOMaHAyiomuM bohck3mh C eMHpeqeHCKOH o6jiacrn.4 C nepBhix AHew CoBeTCKOH BAacTH b ueH- Tpe BHHMHHHH napTHHHbSX OpraHH3aiWH H COBCTOB CcMHpeHbB CTo^.ia 3aAaiia (jjopMupoBaHun BoopyxreHHbix cha. ITepBOHanaAbHO hx co3AaBajiH b BHAe orpjiAOB KpacHoft rBapAHH H3 patfoqwx, H3 OblBLUHX (}>pOHTOBHKOB H K a 3 a X 0 B , 6bJBIUHX yn aC T IIH K O B TbIAOBbIX padoT. 19 MapTa KOMaHAyiomHM BoffCKa.MH CcMHpeneHCKOH o6a 3Cth H3A3A npnKa3 «0 6 opraiiH3auHH couHaAHCTHnecKOH KpacHOH rBap­ AHH* nyiew AoOpoBOAbiioro BCiynjieHHH rpa>KAan npn3U30B 1905— 1915 rr. no peKOMeHAau.HH opraHH3au.Hft, c t o h iu h x Ha rmaT(})opMe CoBeTCKOH BA3CTH, H O M06HAH3aUHH BCex TpyAHLUHXCH rpa>KAaH npH3biBOB 1916 h 1917 rr., Koropbie 6yAyr 3aAep>KaHbi na cJiy>x6 e ao OKOHnaTejibHoro cjjopMHpoBaHHH KpacHoft rsapAHH Ha npHHUH- ne AodpoBo.ibHoro BCTyn^ieHnn b ee pBAfai.56 Ha ochobc 3Toro npH- K33a npOXOAHAO (j)OpMHpOB3HHe BOOpy>KeHHhIX CHA b ye3Aax oOjiacTH. ,Zl>KapKeHTCKHH ye3AHbIH COBeT HapOAHHX KoMHCCapOB C(j)OpMH- pOBaA OTpHA Kpacifoii rBapAHH H3 pyccKHx, Ka3axoB, yfirypoB, TaTap h AyHraH.8 26 Man 1918 roAa b ropoae ZUKapnenTe 6bUio co3Bano o6i>eAHHeHHoe 3aceAaHne npeACTaBHTeAefi Bcex cobctckhx opraHH- 3auHH,7 Ha kotopom 6 bui o6cy>KAeH Bonpoc o peopranH3auHH KpacHOH rBapAHH h H36paHa komhcchh H3 3 hcaobck no Bep6oBKe AoSpoBOJibueB. BcKope b /bnapKeHTCKOM ye3Ae 6 bma oG'bsiBAena MoOHAH3auHn rpax<AaH npH3biBa 1917— 1918 rr., ho sthx cha 6uao 1 /ViMa-ATHHCKHft o6.irocapxHB, 4». 340, on. 2, /i. 13, ji. 45. 2 TaM me, J<in{).. 340, on. 1, a- 32, An. 12, 17, 18, 22. 3 TaM 12, 22. we, * lirAOP Ka^CCP, (f>. 675, on. I, a. 3, a . 37; wah AAMa-ATHHCKHfl o6atoc- apxHs, 4>. 489, on. 1, a. 91. 5 UTAOP Ka3CCP, cj). 26, on. 2, A- 20, a. 7. 6 TAaAMMam-AeT,Hqj>i.cK3H40fl, oOArocapxHB, cp. 340, on. 1, a. 4 a 1 on. 1, a . 21, a . 19. 7 226-

J€AOcraToqHO aah odoponbi ropoAa h noipofioBajiacb MotfHAH3aiiHa rpa>KAaH npH3biBa 1916 roAa. Ha ochob3hhh cymecfByiomero npn-: Ka3a KoMHCcapnaTa no noenHbiM .zxejiaM TypxecTaHCxofi pecnydAHKH: 6biJiH b3htw na BoeHHhiH yncT Bee MyjKHHHbi b Boapaere OT 20 AO 35 JieT, cnocoOHwe HOCHTb opyxciie, a Chbiuho ocpHiiepu 6uah B3Htu na oco6biH yner.1 KpacHoreapACHCHHe otpaan H3 padonnx, daTpaxoB h 6cahotu acex HauHOHa.ibHocTeH dbiAH co3AaHbi Taione b JlencHHCxe, Kanaae, Ccprnonojic, npaceBaAbcxe h n ;xpyrnx ropoAax u KpynHbix HacejieH- Hbix nyiiKTax CeMHpenbH. JIcncHHCKiifi y63ahbin CoBHapKOM 15 an- peAA 1918 ro/ia odbHBHA ModHAioauHK) b paAbi KpacHOH TBapAHH.2* KanaAbCKHfi yc3AHhiH Cobct h CoBHapxoM npmiHAH pememi? o cj)op- MHpOBaHHH KpaCHOft I'BapAHH H 6 bIA CC()OpMHpOBaH KOHHUfl OipflA H3 50 Ao6 poBo.ibueB. ilAH KOHiioro OTpMAa KpacHOxi mapAHH dbum KOH(j)HCKOBaiIbI 40 AOULiaAeH y KOHII03aBOAlIHKa riopOTHKOBa H 10 AO- maACH B3ATH y KanaJlbCKOH OllOAHeHCKOH Apy>KHHbI. CeAbCKHM h BOAOCTHbiM CoBeTaM KanaAbcxoro yc3Aa 6liao npeAAO>xeHO mo6h- AH30baTb AIOACft AAH CCj)OpMHpOBaHHA KpaCHOM TBapAHH.3 OnbiT 6 opb6bi c KOHTppCBOAiomieH noxa3aA, hto b ofiAacTu ne- o6xOAHMO BO3M0)KH0 ObICTpee nepeHTH K (|)OpMHpOBaHH!0 BOHCKOBbIX HacTeft pervAnpHofi KpacHOH ApMHn no upHHUHriy Bceodmeii mo6h- : AH33UHH paGOHHX H dCAHeHLlIHX KpCCTbHH Ha OCHOBO ACKpCTa BU.HK ot 29 Man 1918 roAa. Taxan padora uanajiacb JieroM 1918 roAa. K 3TOMy BpeMeiiH npn ye3AHbix CoBeTax 6mah co3AaHbi Boemibie cexuHH. B woHe komah Aytomhh BoflcxaMH CeMHpeqcHcxoft odAacTH JI. n. E mcacb H3A3A npHxa3 od opram!3auHH npH BoenHbix cexunax «Bep6 oBOHHbix diopo no Hadopy HHcrpyKTOpos h coaast Padone- KpeCTbHHCKOH KpacHoft ApMHH». Oa h ako OTpHAnaa CHCreMa (JjopMHpoBaHHA erne coxpanaAacb HCKOTOpoe Bpe.Mfl, H (jjopMHpyiOIUHCCA OTpHAbI He tffalAH nOAHHHeHbl eAHHOMy komaiiAoeahHfo. B KpacnoapMeficKHx nacTAX HadAfOAaAHCb l()aKTbI npOHBAeHHH napTH3aHmHHbI H HeAHCHHnAHHHpOBaHHOCTH. Pa3pcmeHHK) 3aAawH co3AaHHA peryAApnofi Kpacnon A pmhh b doAb- ujoh creneiiH criocodCTBOBaA V BcepoccnficKHK CT>e3A CoeeroB, npn- HHBiHHfi nocraHOBACHHe o nepexoAe b CTpoHTeAbCTBe Kpacnofl Ap- MHH OT npHHUHna AOdpOBOAbHOCTH K Od5I3aTeAbIK)fi BOHHCKOH HOBHHHOCTH TpVA«IUHXCB. **♦ B anpeAe — Mae 1918 roAa BHHMaHHe napraHHHx h cobctckhx opranH3auHH ropoAa Bepnoro dhuio nanpaBAGHo Ha noAaBAeHHC deAorBapAeHOKoro matcao. B sthx ycAOBHAX odAacTiiofi CoBiiapxoM BbHICC nOCTaHOBAeHHe BpeMeHHO OTAO>KHTb OdAaCTHOH CT>e3A CoBe- TOB H npeAAO>KHA Ve3AHblM COBCTHM KOMaHAHpOBaTb nO TpH A6A6- 5 A-iMa-ATHHCKHK oO.irocapXHu, 4>. 489, on. I, A- 6, si 26; hah xaM *e, 4>. 340, on. 1, a . 21, a. 26. ■ 2 Taw me, c|). 489, ori. I, a. 72, ji. 1. 3 TaM >«e, 4). 340, on. 1, a. 24, ji. 42. 15 227

raTa aah npeACTaBHTcvibCTBa b o(3jiacTiiOM CoBAene.1 B ropoA BepHbifi npn6biAH 45 AejieraTOB or pa3iibix ye3AOB. 25 h 26 Man 6 buio npOBCACiio o6AacTHoc coBcmaHne, KOTopoe xunpoKO oGcyAHAO noAOJKCHHe Ha MecTax. XlejieraTbi npHBeAH MHoro (jjaKTOB, CBHAOTeAbCTByioiuHx o tom, hto b A^peBue, ayjie h KHLUAaKe Bee cHAbHee pa3ropajiacb KJiaccoBaa 6opb6a 6eAHOTbi npoTHB 6aeB u KyjiaKOB. R e jie ra T ceAa rieTpo- naB.iOBCKoro JlencHHCKoro ye3Aa KyHapeBa HapucoBajia Hpxyio KapTHHy pocTa miaccoBoro caMoco3HaHHH 6eAHOTbi ayAa h AepeBHH. OpeACTaBHTejib Pa3JiHBa:iOBCKofi bojtocth b CBoeM BbicTynjieHHH npuBeA p«A c()aKTOB o KpenHymeft Apy>K6e Ka3axcKHx, KHprH3CKHx h pyccKHx TpyAfliUHXCH. JXejieraTbi Ka3axH h KHprH3bi HapbiHcxoro y^acTKa roBopnjiH, ^ito «6eAHbiM KHpnraaM CTajio HaMHoro jiymne, KorAa nocAe yeraHOBACHUH CoBeTCKoA BJiacTH h opraHH3au.HH Kpac- HOA ApMHH JIHLLIHHH CKOT y 6aeB CTSA Ol'GHpaTbCfl A AH HpOUHTaHHH 6eAHoro HacejieHHH»2. Ha coBemaHHH 6 w a 3 a c jiy m a H AoxjiaA o pa6 oTe ofijiacTHoro Co- Hera h CoBHapKOMa, a 3aTeM o(3cy>KAen Bonpoc o6 opraHH3auHH o O jia c T iib ix opraHOB bjibcth h o BpeMenn co3biBa o& naCTH oro CT>e3Aa CoBCTOB. PemeHO CbJAO 06pa30BaTb HOBblft 06AaCTH0ft HCnOJIHHTeJIb- hwh komhtct, BBeAfl b ero cocTaB He Menee Asyx npeACTaBHTejiefi ot Ka> Kiioro y e 3 A a.3 Bbui ctjjopM H poBaH oOahciioakom h3 21 hcaobc- xa — 19 6oAbineBHKOB h 2 «jieBbix» acepoB. 3aieM 6buio npHHHTO nocraHOBAeuHe co3Barb 1-A o6a 3cthoh ct>c3a CoBeTOB patfoqnx, coAAarcKHx h KpecTbHHCKHx AenyraTOB 1 oktb6ph 1918 roAa. IlocAe oKonwanna coBemaHHH hobhh otfAacT- HOH HCnOAHHTeAbHbm KOMHTer o6paTHACH C npHBeTCTBCHHOH TCJie- rpaM M oft k B. H. JleHHHy. «B BepHOM, CeMHpeqencKofl o6a 3Cth,— roBopHAocb b TejierpaMMe,— opraHH30BaAcn... o6AacTHoA ncnoA- HHTejIbHblH KOMHTeT B qHCAe 21 MeJlOBeKa. BOAbUICBHKOB 19, «AeBUX» acepoB 2... Mhtok K333KOB, (5yp>xyeB KOHTppeBOAiouHOHepoB noAaB- AneTCH no Been o6a 3cth decnomaAHo... Ce.MHpcqbe — <5oraTbiA xpaA. BbicTpan nocrpoHKa >kcac3hoA Aoporn Apwcb — CeMHnaAaTHHCK Heo6xOAHM3 KaK B nOAHTHMeCKOM, T3K>Ke H B SKOHOMHqeCKOM CMbICJie».4 06AHCnOAKOM HaqaA CBOIO AeHTeAbHOCTb C AHKBHAaUHH BOeilHO- cocaobhoh opranH3auHH CeMHpeqeHCKoro Ka3aqecTBa. Bhah ynpa3A- Heiibi aoa>khocth boAckoboto HaKa3Horo h CTaiiHqHbix araMaHOB, BOHCKOBoe npaBAeime h npoqne KaaaMbH yqpe>KAOHHH h aoa>kiioct- Hbie AHua.5 B Ka3aqbHx paAoHax, BMecro boAckobljx h CTaHHHHbix npaBAeHHH, C03AaBaAHCb BOAOCTHbie H CeAbCKHe COBCTbl.6 OAHaKO \\ 1 A«aMa-ATHHCKHH o6/irocapxHB, cp. 340, on. 1, aa.. 23, a .a. 3. 70. (j). 340, on. 1, 23, 69, 2 A^Ma-ATHHCKHfi o6-irocapxnB, a 3 TaM >kc. 21 73 3 MC‘ 489’ ° n A' 91‘ J1‘ J0; HJ1H U,rAOP Ka3CCP, 8, on. 1, 6 LXrAOP Ka3CCP, <\\>. 4, on. 1, a. 86, a . 72. 6 A.nMa-ATHHCKHfi oO/irocapxiiB. <}). 489, on. 1, a . 7, ji. 3. 228

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raHOM h 6yfl$T AeficTBOBaTb TOAbKO ao co3biBa ye3AHoro Cbe3Aa Cobctob.1 Bbijia H3 6 paHa cyAefino-CAeACTBeiuiaH komhcchh b cocTaBe 3 «IACHOB BoeHHO-PeROAIOUHOHHOrO K O M H TeTa C npaBOM KOOnTamiH jopncra.12 B OTACAbiibix ye3Aax CeMHpcMba ocnope >Ke nocjie ycraHOBAeHHa CoBCTCKofi BJiacTH yAaAOCb co3BaTb ye3AHbie crbe3Abi CoBeTOB h Ha HHX CKOHCTpyHpOBaTb MCCTHMC OpraHbl BAaCTH. B JlenCHHCKOM ye3a« y>KC b nepBofi noAOBHHe anpeAH co6 paAcn ye3AHbin c*be3/i Cobctob, o6pa30BamiiHH ye3AHbiH CoBeT HapoAHbix KoMHecapoB.3 Ha cb€3AC 6ua H36paH ye3AHbift hcitoakom b cocTaoe BoeBOAHHa (npeAccAaTCAb), KapHHUKoro, JloBrajieBa, JXo b 6 hh, JXbsrqeHKO, Ce- peAHiia, KopHK, noAiiiHBaAOBa h Apyrnx.4 JIcncHHCKHH Cobct HapoA- Hbix KOMHCCapOB npHHHA pCUieilHe o6 OpraHH3aUHH KpeCTbHHCKHX CoBeTon b ayjiax h cejiax ye3Aa. B Kana.ne TaKJKe ncnope nocjie ycTanoBAeHHH Cobctckoh bascth, b MapTe 1918 roAa, <5ma co3BaH ye3AHuft ci>e3A Cobctob. no yxa3a- HHK) 06AaCTH0r0 BoeHHO-PCBOAIOUHOHHOrO KOMHTeTa CbC3A H36paA yesAHHft Boeinio-PeBOAiouHomibiH Komhtct, k KOTopoMy h nepeuiAa BCR BAaCTb b ye3Ae.5 BepHencKHH C obct HanaA paCoVaTb eme Becnoft 1918 roAa. Ho BCKOpe OH CT3A BbinOAHHTb (JjyHKUHH ye3AH0T0 CoBCTa, a AJIfl BeACIIHH rOpOACKIiX ACA 6bIA Ha3HaHCH KOMHCCap TOpOACKOrO CaMO- ynpaBAeHHH. l Iepe3 HeKOTopoe bpcmh 6 wa o6pa30BaH otaca no ro- Poackhm ACAam npw BepHeHCKOM ye3AHOM CoBeTe. 5 hah yTBep>KAC- Hbi 3aBeAyioiahh otacaom no ropoACKHM a&i&m h machh koaacthh b cocTaoc 4 hcaobck, H3 hhx ARa 6oAbmeBHKa. HecKOAbKO no3AHee 6bIAO npHHHTO pemeilHC KOOnTHpOBaTb B HAeHbl KOAAerHH AHU, CBe- A y m n x b topoackom xo3hhctbc, c nocjieAyromHM }tbcp>kabhhcm hx HCnOAKOMOM.6 22 HIOII51 1918 TOAa CCMHpCHCHCKHH otfAHCnOAKOM yqpeAHA A0A>KHOCTb HanaAbHHKa oxpaHw ropOAa BepHoro.7 Co BTOpOH nOAOBHHbl 1918 TOAa COBeTCKOe CTpOHTeAbCTBO B 0 6 - AacTH nocTeneHHo npHBOAHTca b 6oAee CTpofiHyio CHCTeMy. JIukbh- AnpyiOTCH ye3AHbie CoBHapKowbi h Apyrwc H3ahiiihhc naACTpoeMHue OpraHbl. riOAHOKpOBHCe CTailOBHTCH >KH3Hb H AeHTCAbHOCTb COBCTOB h hx HcnoAKOMOB. 3to CKa3biBaeTCA na pa6 oTe Cobctob b ayAax, KHUJAaKaX H A^peBIIHX. FIOCAC yCTaHOBAeHHH CoBeTCKOH BA3CTH b CeMHpewbe b pHAe boaoctch, ceA h ayAon co3AaB3AHCb peooAio- UHOHHbie KOMHTCTbl, a B HCKOTOpblX HaCeACHHhlX nyHKTaX BAaCTb HaxoAHAacb b pyxax ceAbCKHx KOMHccapoB. B .H^apKCHTCKOM ye3Ae, KOTOphlH B aAMHHHCTpaTHBHOM OTHOLUCHHH CblA pa3ACAdI Ha yHaCT* 1 ;\\^Ma-ATHHCKHfl oCjirocapxsiB, <J>. 340, on. 1, a. 21, aa. 13, 14; hah TaM « c a. 4, a. 4. 2 Taw >«e, <J). 353, on. 1. a . 20; hah tam we, ip. 340, on. 1, a 4, jui. 7, 8. 3 Ta.Mwe, 4>. 489, on. 1, a. 72, a. 1. 4 TaM we. 5 TaM /Kc, 4>. 340, on. 1, a. 13, a. 38. Tsm >Ke, <j>. 3G1, on. 1, a. 2, a. 17. 7 UrAOP K33CCP. 4>. 24, on. 2. a. 19, a. 57. 230

kh, b nepBOH nojioBnne 1918 roAa BJiaerb HaxoAHJiacb b pyxax ywaCTKOBUX H CeAbCKHX KOMHCCapOB.1 y^aCTKOBbie KOMHCCaphI B TO Bpe.MB 6 biJiH h b nmiineKCKOM y e 3 A e . Tax, iianpu.Mep, b rejierpaMMe Ha hmsi ye3AHoro CoBeTa ot 15 anpejisi 1918 rc>Aa ynojiHOMoneHHbiH 3aropHoro ynacTKa 3anpaniHBaji rejierpacJ)Horo pacnopn>KeHiiH o Ha- 3HaHeiiHH KOMHCcapa b 3aropHbiH ynacroK.2 Eme cjio>KHec o6ctohjio Aejio c opraHH3anHeft C obctckoh BjiacTH b KOHCBbix ayjiax h bojiocthx, rAe co3A3hhc opraHOB AHKTaTypbi npo.aeTapnaTa HaTajiKHBajiocb na oneiib 6ojibniHe TpyAHOCTH.3 Baw- Hyio pOJlb B AGJie BOBJieiI<?HH5I K33aXCKHX TpyjJJTIUHXCH Macc CeMH- pCMeHCKOH OdjiaCTH B COBCTCKOe CTpOHTCJIbCTBO CbirpajIH peilieHHH TypraHCKoro o6;iacTHoro CT>e3Aa Cobctob, npoxoAHnmero c 21 MapTa no 3 anpejiH 1918 roAa b ropOAC Opeir6ypre. Ci>e3A Bbriiec pemenne o co3AaHHH ayjibHbix, BOjiocTHbix h y«3AHbix Cobctob, pa3pa60Ta.11 hx CTpyKTypy.4 JleTOM 1918 roAa CeMHpeHCHCKHft otfjincnojiKOM aKTHBHo b3hjich 3a opranH3au.Hio mccthhx, b MacTHOCTH, KpecTbHHCKHX Cobctob. Bo Bee ye3Abi 6hah nocJiaHbi HHCTpyKTopu h ynoJiHoMoneHHbie jun peopraHH3an,HH bjihcth b ye3Aax h npoBeACHHH bw 6opob b Conem H B 3CMejIbHO-BOAHWC KOMHTCTbl.6 29 M8SI 1918 TOAa otfjIHCnOJlKOM yTBepAHA cMery pacxoAOB no opraHH3auHH 3eMejibHo-BOAHbix komh- TeTOB H KpeCTbHHCKHX COBCTOB B CeMHpCHCHCKOH ofoiaCTH H3 CyMMy 535 450 py6jiew.6 B ayjiax, cejiax h KHUUiaKax pa38epHy;iacb MaccooaH KaMnaHHH no BbiOopaM ayjibHbix, cejibCKHx h KHiiiJiaHHHX Cobctob, 3eMejibH0- BOAiibix komhtctob h HapOAHbix cyAeft. Ka3axcKne TpyAHIUHeCH BncpBbie npHHHAH ynacTHC b AeftcTBHTejibno cbo^oahhx ACMOxpaTH- HCCKHX Bbltfopax. Bbl6opH npOXOAHAH B otoailOBKO OCTpOH KJiaCCO- boh 6opb6w. Byp>xya3Hbie HauHOHajiHCTH, MyjiJibi, 6an h Mananbi BCHqecKH nbiTajiHCb copnaTb Bbi6opbi b Cobcth, hc AonycTHTb co3- A3hhh opraHOB npoACTapcKOM AHKTaTypbi b ayjiax. B pe3yjibTaTe H36npaTeAbHofi Ka.wnaHHH b ccjiax, ayjiax h KHinjiaKax 6biJia co3AaHa rycTan ceTb Cobctob. Flo AaHHbiM HHCTpyKTOpOB, nocjiaHHHX H3 BepHoro, 6hjih opraHH30BaHbi: b /l>KapKeHTCKOM ye3A€ 86 ccjibckhx, ayjibHbix h KHUiJiaHHbix h 11 bojioctiihx Cobctob, a Taioxe 10 paft- OHHblX 3CMejIbIIO-BOAHbIX KOMHTCTOB; B KanaJIbCKOM H JlenCHIICKOM ye3Aax — cbbuuc 60 cejibCKHx, okojio 80 ayjibnwx, 30 bojiocthhx Cobctob, a TaiOKe 25 pafioHHbix aeMCJibHO-BOAHbix komhtctob. Coraacno Hii(J>opMauHoiiiioMy coo6meHHK> BepneHCKoro ye3AHoro CoBcia, b TeneHHe Man, hiohh, hiojih 1918 roAa bo ocex oceAJibix BOJIOCTHX H CeJICHHHX ye.3Aa (SblJIH OpraHH30BaHbI BOAOCTIIbie H CCJIb- 1 A.iMa-ATHHCKMH o&irocapxHB, j ic.p-243.53, on. 1, a. 5. on. 1, a. 13, 2 Taw >Ke, <!>. 340, 3 IloOcna BejinKofi OKTaOpbCKoft couHajiMCTHMecKoil peBO^nounn b Ka3axcra- ne h o6pa30Bamie KasaxcKofi ACCP, 1947, crp. 19. 4 nporoKO/ihi TypraficKoro cn>C3Aa, crp. 40, 41. a. 3, jiji. 237— 240; hah tom 5 A^iMa-ATHHCKnfl oO.irocapxnB, 135, on. 3, >Ke, cp. 361, on. 1, A. 46, ji. 137. 6 TaM >Ke, (}). 340, on. 1, a. 30, j i. 22. 231

CKHe HcnanKOMbi.1 npoBeAeiiHH B b i6 o p O B C obctob h HcnoJi- komob no ye3fly 6 u a h KoMaHAnpoBaHbi H u cT pyK T opbi. H mh 6wjih opranH30BaHbi CooeTbi h HcnoAKOMbi b ayjiax KopaM, Cyryp, Majibi- 6aft h ^pyrnx — Bccro 20 ayjibHhix CoBeTOB; b cejiax BHAhH.MOBCKoe, MajioBOAHoe, B y p ry H b h /ipyrnx,— Bcero 2 6 ceAbCKHx CoBeTOB; h ,ua>Kc b CTaiiHuax Coc^HficKaa (TaJirap), Ha^e>K^HHCKan (H ccwk) h ^pyrHx.21 KpOMe Toro, 6hah npoBeAenbi BOAOCTHbie C besflu b CJieAyiomHx cejiax: BaficeHT, 3aH ii.encK oe, KopaM, ^MHTpHescKoe, AjieKcaHApoBCKoe, MnxaftAOBCKoe, AlaAOBOAHoe, KynjiacroBKa, CaMcoHOBKa, Ka3ancKO-BoropoACKoe h Ilpwropiroe.3 Ha bthx CT>e3' Aax 6br/in H36pa»bi BOAHcnoAKOMw. B uejioM no o 6.ia cT H o p ra n H 3an.HH C obctob b K a 3a x c K n x h KHp- TH3CKHX bojiocthx u p o B O /iH A a cb c w oH fi n o A en a O p b 1918 rOAS.4* T a x , CoBCTbi B o A b in o fi A jiM a-A T H H C Kofi h K a p ra A H iicK O H BOAOcrefi 6 mjih opraH H 30BaHbi b hk>hg — hioac 1918 roAa, a b M yionKyM O B- CKOft, CapbITOKyMOBCKOft, Hn»He-HAHftCKOM, HOBO-HjlMftCKOft BOAOC- tbx -— TOAbKO b Hon6p e — A e x a C p e 1918 r o A a . O ce H b io 1918 mna 6hiAH O p ra ilH 30BaHbl BOAOCTHbie HCnOAKOMbl B ISOTnaCBCKOH, BHAa- AHHCKOft, PraHTIIHCKOH, H aM aAraH CKO ft, 71>KaHJlbMKimeBCKOH, B o c- TO H Uo-KacreKCKoft, y 3y H -A ra M c K o n , K y p T H iicK O H , T a A ra p c K o fi, M a - aoh A jiM a -A T H H C K o ii, H n> KH e-TypreH CKoft, 3 a n a A H 0-KacTeKCK0H, K y p A a ftc K o ii, T o n a p c n o ft, K w 3biA6yprcK O H , B o K a fic K o n , BepxHe- T ypreH C K O H , CioraTHHCKOH boaocthx.0 BoAbiuoe noAHTnnecKoe 3HaqeiiHe a a h ynponeHHH C obctckoA BAacTH MM6AH (Tbe3Abi CoBeTOB, npomeAUJHe b 1918 roAy b ye3Aa< CcMupcMCHCKoft o6AacTH. BAaroAapn ebe3AaM CoBeroB, cootfwaA CeMHpeneHCKHA o^AHcnoAKOM CoBery HapOAHbix KoMwccapoB Typ- KecraiicKOH A C C P , «CoBGTCKan B A a c rb BOAeio caMoro rpyAOBoro HapOAa yTBep>KAeHa Tenepb ya<e npoHHo h bo Been noAHOTe, aah ynpaBAGHHH aAMHHHCTpaTHBiio-rpawAaHCKOH, xo3nficTBeHHofi h sko- noMHH-ecKOH >kh3hh no bccx ye3Aax H boaocthx cymeCTByioT COB- Acnw, KOMHccapnarbi, komhcchh, coio3bi h Apyrwe A^MOKpaTHHCCKHe ynpe>KACHHH»6. H a <rbC3Aax peuiaA H Cb He TOAbKo B o n p o c u 0 6 opraHH3aunH CoB eTcK oH BJiacTH Ha MecTax, ho h B o n p o c b i 3eMeJibHbie, npoAo- BOAbCTBeHHwe, (j>opMHpoBaHHH K pacH oft ApM HH h A p y r n e . B oA biuoe BHHM3HHe Cl>e3AbI CoBCTOB yACAHAH X03HftCTBeHHOH >KH3HH, yAOB- AeTBOpeHHIO Hy>KA K33axCKHX TpyAHlliHXCH. .Z^eAeraTM Cte3AOB — p yccK H e, Ka3axH, KHprH3bi, y n r y p b i — n pn peiueHHH x<HBOTpenemy- iuhx B o n p o coB coBCTCKoro, xo3HHCTBeHHoro h BoeHHoro nopaAKa Bbipa>KaAH HHTepecbi 6eAHOTbi h cepeAHHKOB a y A a h AepeBiiH. 1 Anxia-ATHHCKHfi o d n ro ca p xH B , <}>. 340, on. 1, a . 8 . a . 2 4 . 2 TaM » e . c}). 349. on4 1. a 12, aa. 39, 40. 3 TaM }Kc. 4 TaM >kc. s TaM >Ke. 6 TaM >«e, (}). 489, on. 1, a . 142, nji. 41—44. 232

H a C b e 3 u a x C o B e ro B A e jie r a T b i 3HaKOMHJiHCb c peuieHHHMH h ^ upeKTHBaM H n ap n iH h npaBHTe.nbCTBa, c onepeAHbiMH 3aAaqa\\fH C o B e T C K o ft BjiacTH H, B 0 3 B p a m a n c b B po^Hbie c e jia h ayjibr, iiecjiH JI03yHTH napTH H H h a c k COBeTCKOH BjracTH B UJHpOKHe Hapo^Hbie m a c c bl. *** K cchoh 1918 roAa b CTaTbe « 0 jicbom peCanecTBe h o mcjiko- 6yp>Kya3HocTH» B. H. JlenHH yuasbiBaji, hto xapaKTepHbiM cBoe- o6pa3neM 3KOHOMHKH C obgtckoh P occhh 6bi.no HajiH^ne B CTpane nBTH pa3jiH^nihix o6uiecTBeHHO-3KOHOMH»iecKHx yKJia^OB, a sto b cboio ouepeAb onpeAejinjio KJiaccoByio cTpyicrypy oOmecTBa b m m - KOKpecTbBHCKOH cTpaHe, rj\\Q «npeo6jia^aeT h ue M o w e r He npe- o 6 :\\a jx a jb Me^iKo6yp>Kya3Ha5i cthxhh* 1. 3Ta cthxhh oco6chho ^aBajia ce6a qyBCTBOBaTb Ha thkoh OT^ajieHHoft OKpaHiie, KaK CeMHpeHbe, riie, iiapn/iy c MejiKOTOBapiibiM KpecTbHHCKHM xo3siftcTBOM( b ay.ne rocnoACTBOBajiH naTpnapxaJibHo-(})eoAa.ibHbie OTHomeHHn. C ycTa- H O B J IC IlH eM C O B C TC K O H BJ13CTH O A H H M H3 Ba>KHbIX M C p O n pH H T H H 3^ eC b B b iA B H ra J io c b 3 a B c p m e iiH e 3 a A a q 6 yp > K ya 3 iio-A eM O K p a T H q ecK O H p e- b o j i i o u h h , a M u o r o H a u H O H a jib H b iH c o c T a B H a c e jie iiH s i CTaBH .n H a c T o a - T e jib H y io n e o C x o iiH M O C T b p a 3 p e iu e H n a n a u H O H a jib H o ro n o n p o c a b C O O T B e T C T B H H C J ie H H H C K O ft H a U H O H a J Ib H O H FIOJ1H T H K O H n a p T H H . B nepBue ahh nocjie notfcAbi CoBCTcnoft bjibcth b CeMHpenbe 6biiiH co3iiaHbi o6;iacTHofi h ye3iiHbie KOMHccapnaTbi «n o yperyjiHpo- BaHHio pyccKO-Ty3e\\iHbix OTHoiueHHH». B Mae — Hio.ne 1918 roAa k o m hcc a p ha t bi «no yperyjiHpoBanHio pyccK0-Ty3eMHbix OTHOUieiiHH» Gmjih peopraHH30BaHbi b OTAeJihi (KOMHccapnaTbi) no namioHajib- hhm iieJiaM. H x AearcjibHocTb no ynperuienHio 6paTCKOH Apy>K6bi K33axcKHx h pyccKHx TpyiuimHXCH b CeMHpeqbe Aajia no.no>KHTe.nb- Hbie pe3yjibTaTbi. C o B e T C K an BiiacTb npnnH M ajia AeftcTBeHHbie M epbi k npeKpam e- HHIO TOHeHHH Ha Ka3aX0B H KHprH30B B 0BH3H C Hail.H0HaJIbH0-0C.B0- 6ouH TCJibiibiM BoccTaHHeM 1 9 1 6 r o u a , CTpeMHjracb B ceM ep n o yx p en - j i m b iip y > « 6 y p y c c K o r o h K a 3 a x c K o r o HapoAOB. 7 MapTa 1 9 1 8 rozia na 3 a ceu aH H H B ocH H O -PeB O jnouH om ioro KOMHTeia 6biJia or.naujeHa T e jie rp a M M a H3 fle T p o r p a iia o t KOMHccapa no u e jia M MycyjibMaH npn C o s e T e H apouiibix KoM uccapOB P C O C P c npocb6oft «coo6- mHTb, KaKiie Mepbi npHHHMajiHCb h 6yjnyT npnimMaTbca CoBeroM» ^JIH .THKBHiiaUHH I'OHeHHH H3 Ka33XOB H KHpTH30B B CBH3H C BOCCTa- HHeM b 1916 roily- BoeHHO-PcBOJiiouHOHHbifi KOMHTeT nocTaHOBHJi TejierpaifiHpo- oaTb, mto oh npH H H M aer Bee 3aBHcaiuHe Mepbi k npeAOTBpameHHio 3 t h x ro H e iiH H b CeMHpeqeHCKOH o 6jia cT H 21. B b u io p eiu eH o onoBecTHTb K3 3 3 XCKOC H KHprH3CKOC HaCCJIGIlHe OtfjiaCTH 0 TOM, «HTO BnpeAb HC 6 v a s t ... yrneTeH H H > , hto « T p yA 0 B0 H HapoA 6e3 pa3JiHHHH HaiiHH A O .n * eii cjiH T b cn b o ah o HApo h h a t h pyxa 06 pyKy...» 3 to 3aBepe- 1 B. H. JI g ii h h, Coq., t. 27, CTp. 303. 2 U fA O P KaaCCP. <J>. 8, on. 1, a. 33, ji. 6. 233

H«e nocAeAcmarejibHo npoBOAHAocb b >KH3Hb: bcsikhc nonwTKH 6 aeB h KyjiaKOB, ajiam-opAbiHueB h <yieBbix» acepoB pa3>Ke*ib MOKnaiiHO- Ha-ibHyio po3Hb peuiHTeAbno npeceKa^HCb. OcymecTB^eiiHe uauHOHaAbHOH noAHTHKH 6 bUio tbchchuimm 06- pa30M CBH33HO C npOBeACHHeM pjua 3KOHOMITMGCKHX MeponpHHTHH, HMeBuiHX uejibio cJiOMHTb xo35!HCTBeHHyio MOUUb 6yp>xya3HH H cocpe- AOTOMHTb b pyKax Cobctckoh BJiacTH KOMaiuuibie BbicoTbi napoAnoro X03BHCTB3 CeMupeMbH. 19 MapTa CoBnapKOM CeMupe^eiicKoft o6;ia- cth naiuioHaAH3HpoBa-i b ropoAe BepiioM THnorpa(J)HH oOAacTHoro npaB.neHHH, ofoacTHOro KOMHTCTa «A A a w », a Taione Tpa nacTHbre th- norpa(j)HH.1 HapHAy c 3thm 6bi.ia ocymecTBjieHa nauH0HaAH3auna MCCTHbIX OTACJieilHH OaHKOB. IlOABeprAHCb IiaUHOIiaAH3aUHH KO/KCBCH- Hbie, BHHOKypeHHbie H nHBOBapeHHbie 3aBOAbI, IIiepCTOMOtfKH H Apy- nie cpeAHHe h A a »e MejiKHe npeAnpuflTHH. B cepeAnne Man b ropoAe BepHOM noc-ieAOBajia HauHOHa.iH3auH« Bcex npeAnpHHTHH ToproBoro Aowa «HHKHra IlyracoB h cbnroBbH* 2. LIpe3BhWaKHhIMH MepaMH COBCTCKOft BAaCTH IipOTHB wecTHofi 6yp- >Kya3HII HBHAHCb HaJIO>KeiIHH KOHTpH6yUHfi Ha KailHTaAHCTOB. 17 Map­ Ta CeMHpeMGHCKHH o6AacTH0ft CoBHiapKQM H3A3A AexpeT Ns 1 o6 o6.no>KeHHH ABaAUaTH KpynHefnuHx KaniiTaJiHCTOB ropoAa Bepnoro — f a 6AyBaAHCBa, KypraHOBa, IlJaxBopocTOBa, HBaHOBa, nyraccma h Apyrnx K0HTpn6yuneft b pa3Mcpe 5 m h a jih o h o b 900 th ch m pytfJieH.3 B ra3eTe «3apa cbo 6 o a l i» o t 19 MapTa 1918 roAa 6 h a onySAHKOBan AexpeT CoBHapKOMa CeMHpeneHCKOH oG.iacTH, b k o t o po m rrpe/yiara- Jiocb BceM TOpronuaM ropoAa BepHoro «b TpexAHeBHbiH cpoK BbicTa- BHTb ncio HMeiouiyiocH y h h x Many(j)aKTypy h Apyrne npeAMeTM ncpBoft Heo6xoAHMOCTH na noAKH, a TaK>Ke o TOBapax, h m c io iiih xc h Ha CK.iaAaX, COOtflAHTb oOAaCTHOMy npOAOBOAbCTBCHHOMy KOMHC- capy»\\ HaAOJKCHHC KOHTpHdyUHH Ha 6yp>Kya3HIO npOROAKAOCb H B ye3A- Hbix ropOAax CeMHpenbH. ^^apKenTCKHft ye3AHbifi CoBnapKOM naAo- >kha KOHTpH6yuHio na KanHTa.iHCTOB KyoujHHOBa, MnpujanoBa, Ta- AHMOBa HApyTHx b cyMMe 344 TbiCHH py6jieii. Hepc3 HecKOAbKo Aiieft 3Ta cyMMa Gbiaa yBeAHMena ao 500 thchm pyCAeii.5 B UpweBajib- ckom ye3Ae 19 Man 1918 roAa ye3AHbin KpecTbjmcKHH c'be3A ymep- Aha o6Ao>KCHHe 6yp>Kya3HH Ha MecTHbie Hy>KAbi. Cobct npHcvrynHA k B3bICKaHHI0 06A0>KeHHH.6 BBeAeHHbie COBeTCKOH BAaCTblO KOHTpHOy- UHH h HaAorn Ha xanhtaa hctob cnocoOcTBosaAH noApHBy skohomh- necKOH moiah 6yp>xya3HH. 3Ha<MTeAbHaH nacTb nocTynaiomnx ot KOHTpH^yuHH cyMM npeAHa3HaqaAacb aah OKa3aiiH5i noMomn TpyAO- BOMy Hace.'ieHHio. CeMHpeqencKaa otfAacTb 6biAa orcraAOH arpapnoft OKpaHHOH h » LLTAOP KaaCCP, S, on. 1, a. 33, jt. 6. 2. 2 Ta3CTa «3ap« cbo6oau» ot 21 Maa 1918 r. * TaacTa <3ap« cbo6o au» ot 19 MapTa 1918 r., JST« 9. 4 Taw we; h.th AnMa-ATUHCKnil o6/irocapxHB, 4>. 340, on. 1, a. 13, 5 Anwa-ATHHCKiifi oOjirocapxHB, :340, on. 1, a. 4, ji. 11. 6 Tan we, a. 32, -i. 91. 234

p a 3 p e m e H H e 3CMCJibHoro B o n p o c a b HHTepccax T p y A fliH e r o c a KpecTban- CTBa HMejio 3Aecb oqeiib Sojibuioe 3iiaqeiine. CoBCTbP CcMHpcMbH npa- h h a h M e p u k JiHKBH^auHH K p y n n o r o H eT p yA O B oro 3CMJieBjia^e.HHH Ka- 3 a ^ b e ro 0(j)HuepcTBa h u a p c K o r o HHHOBinniecTBa, nepe^ ajiH b pacnopn^ KeiiH G co3A aB aeM bix 3eM ejibH 0-B0AH bix k o m h t g t o b 3eMAH, OTMe?KeBaHHbie CbiBtiiH M rre p e ce A e H q ccK H M ynpaBJieHHCM y K a 3 a x- CKOrO H K H prH 3C K O rO HaCCACHHH B KO.aOHH3aUHOHHbIH (f)OHA. Oro6paHHbie 3eM.au pacnpeAeAHAHCb Mex<Ay TpyAnmHMHCH Aepe- BeHb h ayjioo. Oco6oe bhhm3 hhc CoBerbi yjsfijihah Bonpocy o Ha,ae- jieiiHH seMJiefi h 0Ka3aHHio noMOiiiH KoqeBOMy KasaxcKOMy naceAe- hhfo, KOTopoe ocrpo Hy>KAa.aocb b naxoTHbix h ceHOKOcnbix yroAbnx h b MecTax aah 3Hmobok. OtfABoenpeBKOM npeAAO>KHA bo Bcex ye3Aax o&aacru C03AaTb komhcchh aah odecneqeiiHH 3eMAefi h bo- aoh 6e33eMejibHoro TpyAOBoro iiaceAeiiHH.1 BecHofl 1918 roAa, b pa3rap noceBHbix pa6oT, npoAOBOAbCTBen- HbiH KpH3HC b CeMHpeqbe npniiHA ocrpue {JjopMbn. I'opoACKoe HaceJieHHe, AepeBeiiCKan 6eAHOTa, oc.o6eHHo fieAHOTa KoqeBbix ckoto- BOALiecKHx ayjioB, rojioAa/iH. CoBeTcKan BJiacTb npHHHMaJia wepw no oK a3aim io noMomn roAOAatoinHM. Bojibuiyio aKTHBHOCTb b stom A eJie npOBB/FHJi KOMHccapnaT «n o yperyAHpoBaHHio pyccK0~Ty3eM- HblX OTHOUieHHH», pyKOBOA HMb!ft TOKaUICM BoKMHbIM. Flo HIIHIIHa- rune ToK ain a BoKHHa b ropoAe BepnoM h b ayjiax 6 u a h opraHH30- Baiibi nHTare.abirbie nynKTbi, rAe HaxoAHAH ninny h KpOB B03BpamaBiiiHecH H3 KirraH 6e>i<eHUbi. Y3HaB 06 s t o m , Macca ro- jioAHbux JiH3Ac.fi x:ibrHy.na b Bepabifi HApyrwe ropOAa. OqeHb TH>KeAoe iiOAOJKeHHc C03AaA0Cb b pafione ToKMaxa, r;ie cKoiiHAHCb TbicnqH jnoAcfi. ZIa a opraHH3auHH noMOinn feiHOTe b ToKMaK 6biA KOMan- AHpoBaH ToKarn B okhh. 14 MapTa on npoBOAHT coBemaHHe npeA- craBHTe.aeH na3axcKHX w KnprH3CKHx BOAocTeft ToKMaKCKoro yqacT- •Ka. CoBemaHwe BbicKa3a.aocb 3a peKBH3HiiHio CKOTa y 6aeB h MananoB, peineno 6buio 0praHH3OBaTb AoOpoBOAbHyio cxavy cKora b noAb3y roAOAawiUHx, c t c m qT0 6 bi or MeHee cocTonieAbiibix ckot iipHHHMa.acH c o6a3aTe.abCTBOM B03BpaTHTb ero bnocaeactbhh H3 peKBH3KpoBaniforo y (5aen noroAOBbn; peineno 6biAO ra io x e npoBec- th c6op xAeOa h ACHer cpcAH TpyAflmerocn naceAeHHH aah noMomu roAOAaiomHM. KaxcAan BOAocTb o6fl3a;iacb ycTpoHTb nHTaTeAbHbie nyHKTbr ii noMoab BOABopennio BepHyBianxca 6e>KeHueB Ha hx Mecra. 3acAym aB AOicaaA o ACHTe.abHocTH ToKaina BoKHira, o6viacrHofi C orc-t HapoAHbix KoMHecapoB 8 anpe.an Bbr-nec eMy 6AaroAapirocTb 3a caMOOTBepweHHyio ACHrevabirocrb no opraHH3auHii noMomn Ka3axCKOfi H KIiprH3CK0fi 6eAHOTC.'*2 10 anpc.aa CcMHpeqencKHfi CoBnapKOM cneunaAbno paccMOTpeA Bonpoc o no.ao/KeHHH Ka3axcKofi h KnprH3CKofi 6eAHOTbn h nocTaHO- bha b ue.aax ofiecneqemiH ee npoAyKTHBHbiM ckotom nponecTH peKBH3HUHio CKoxa y 6aeB. B JlencHHCKOM ye3Ae y KyAaKOB h 6aeB • U rA O P KasCCP, 544, on. 1-a, *. 136, .i. 3. 2 AjiMa-ATHHCKHTi o6.irocapxHB, ty. 489, on. 1, a . 8, jl 214. 235

OT6Hpa.riH Jioma/ieH, poraTbift ckot, xjie6 h pa3^aBa.aH Hen.viymHM pyccKHM h Ka3axcKHM KpecTb^HaM. 25 hiohh 1918 ro,aa 3Aecb 6biJ\\o npaiiJiTO cneuHa.ibHoe pemenne o OeciuiaTHoft ncpe/ianc Ka3axcKoft 6e£HOTe 150 lopr, KOH(J)HCKOBaHHbix y 6aeB.! K ynuw , Ky.iaKH w 6an Ccuicho conpoTHBJia.iHCb p c k b h 3h h h h m . Ajiani-opAbiHUbi opraiiH30BajiH noKywcuHe Ha ToKama BoKHHa. KpacHoapMewubi cnacjw ero h ompaBHJiH b OojibHHuy. Pa3o6jiaqaH npoHCKH K.iaccoBoro o p ara, B okhh onyCvinKOBaJi b ra3CTe «3apn cno6oAbi» ornphiToe nwcbMo, b kotopom nncaji: « B o Bceyc.ibimaHHe 3aHB/iBio, mto yrpo3bii, KOTopwe h cvibiiny... MHe lie cTpaiuiibi h c HaMeneHHOft miioio nporpaMMbi Ha iiJianjjopMe 3amHTbi TpyaoBoro Hapo^a 5i He cowAy»21. B bojiocthx h ayjiax Tonaiii Bokhh npoBOAHT hckjtiohhre.abiio Oo.ibiuyjo paOoTy no oKa3aimio noMomn 6e^HeiiiuCMy Ka3axcKOMy k KnprH3CKo\\iy naccJieiiHio, no Bbino.ine'HHio nocrauoB.neHHH oO.iacr- noro CoBiiapKOMa o na,ae.aemin Ocahhkob Ka3axoB h KiiprHaoB cko- tom, peKBH3HpoBanHbTM y 6aen h MaHanoB. npuBCACM npHMep, khk npoHcxoflH.na pa3Aaqa 6ancKoro ckot3. 10 hiojih Ha ypoqnme EKe- Ama c'bexajiHCb 6oraHH-KHprH3bi h nacTb Ocahoio HaceJieiiHH. ripn jihmhom y^acTHH ToKauia BoKHHa OeAHOTa 6hiJia pa3Meinena iio OoraTbiM ay.iaM aah OTAbixa h nojiyqeHHa nmun ao cjieAyiomero ahh. 11 nio.fiH MHCJieiiHOCTb 6cAHorbi 3HaqHre;ibiio yB&nHHHJiacb. «Pacnpeae.neHne CKOra ocymecTB.n5i.aocb noA pyKOBOACTBOM to p* BoKHiia n c-ieayiomcM nopnAKe: 6c ah h kh Bbi3biBajiHCb no onepean, BbmcHHJiocb no.ao>KeHHe, cocraB ce.MbH nepe3 onpoc Been OeanoTbi h , ecJiH nocjieAHHH noATBep>KAavia ero OeAiiocTb, to Tonaa eMy bbt- AaBa.icsi ckot b no.iHyio co6cTBenHocTb»3. Ha pCKBH3nmuo CKOTa OaiicTBO 0TBeTH.no 6 em eiioii TpaBJieft T o K a m a BoKiina. A jiani-opA biH U bi AotfHBajiHCb bo mto 6 li to hh CTa- .no ycTpaneiiH 5i BoKHHa h cTpeMH^iwcb yOHTb ero. B k b m naHHio- TpaBJiH BJonomuiHCb « jieB u e» acepw. BcnnecKHMH iipoBOKauHOinibi- m h nponcKaMH h npH coAeHCTBHH «jieBoro» acepa TopCyHOBa, npo- jie3tu ero Ha iioct 3aMecTHTeji5i npeAccAaTCJin oOjincnoJiKOMa, ajiarn- opAbiHuaM yAa.aocb AO^HTbcn peuieHHH oO iiH cnojiKow a o co3AanHH C.lCACTBeHHOH KOMHCCHH 110 «Ae.lV» TOKailia BoKH H a H «0T03BaTB T o K a m a BoKHiia H3 K a n a A b c K o ro yc3Aa h yBoAHTb ero H3 Bcex oOmeCTBCHHblX 0praHH3ailHH»4. B aBrycTe 1918 ro A a ira nepBOM BepHencKOM y e 3AHOM CT>e3Ae CoBeTOB «^eBbie» acepbi b h o b h noAHJUM B on poc o «npec/rynHbix» AeiicTBH5ix ToKama BoKHHa. BMecre c aJiam-opAbiimaMH, Hcno.ib- 3yn AO>KHbHH a o b o a , hto T o K a m h3b o a h t naHHKy Ha MycyjibMaH h hto AenyTaTbi-MycyJibMaHe M oryT pa3TjexaTbCH co c te s A a , ohh npo- Tainm iH peiueiiHe 06 a p e c re BoKHHa.5 ycHJiHB Cem eHyio TpaB.nio 1 AnMa-ATHHCKuft o6jirocapxno, cp. 340, on. 1, j,. 20, .nji. 35, 36, 41, 47, 48. 2 Ta3CTa «3apa cbo6oaw» ot 1a8. Man 1918 r., 53. 32. 3 LirAOP KaaCCP, 4, on. 1, cp. 83, jiji. 34—38. n. 4 A.nMa-ATHHCKHfl ofijirocapxiiB, 489, on. 1, a. 43, 5 UrAOP KaaCCP, <t». 24, on. 2, a. 14, jui. 289—294. h y 236

BoKHHa, BparaM Cobctckoh b/isc th b KOHne 1918 roA a VAajiocb ocymecTBHTb 3AOAeHCKoe ytfwHCTBo ToKauia. Ilp o B e A e n H C MeponpHHTHft C o B e T c x o ft bjibcth b C e M n p e q b e na- T a jiK H B a jio cb Ha o>KCCTOHeiiiioe conpoTH BACH ne K .aaccO B o npa>KAe(5- Hbix c h ji. O co 6 eH H 0 ycepACTBOBa^riH «jicB bie» a c e p b i h 6yp>Kya3Hbie HauHOHajiHCTbi. O hh BCHwecKH aaTHTHBajiH o cy u iecT B J ieiiH e A expeT a o 3e.MJie, n ycT H B b x o a T e o p n iin y o t o m , hto npc>KAe neM npoBOAHTb 3 e M e ^ h iiy io p ecp o p iviy, h a a o c o 6 p a T b cbcag h h h o K a n e c T B e 3eMAH, BBH^y c e «pa3iiomiAHOCTH:», n j i n n e ro -A e noTpe6yeTCH nnTb h 6o;rec jie T .1 3 t o Bno.TH e OTBenaAO >KCJiaHHHM K y.ia q e c T B a h fiaH CTBa. « JIc- Bbie» s c e p b i BhicTyna^iH npoTHB BBeA C iina b C eM H peM bc x a c 6 ho8 M OHonojm H. O hh B cw iecK ii npoTHBUJiHCb o K a 3 a iim o iiom oih h T a w ~ KeHTy x / ie tfo M , 6biAH npoTH B n p n e 3 A a H3 T a u iK e H T a KOMHecapoB no 3aK ynK e x jie 6 a . «/ Ie B b ie » scep u h Cyp>Kya3iibie nauHOHaa h c ™ , orpa>KAaH h ii- Tepecbi 6aeB h KyjiaKOB, h c 6 p e 3ro B a jiH b KoiiTppeBOJiiouHOHHOH 6oph6e CBMbiMH rnycHbiMii MeroAaMH. O/uiaKO nonbiTKH Bpa>KAe<5Hbix 3ACMGHTOB OCTaHOBHTb notfeAHOG IHeCTBHe COUHaJTHCTHMeCKOft poeo- jiiouhh b CcMupeHbe noxepneAH Kpym enHe. H h «jieB b ic» aco.pw, hh a.iam -op^binubi lie moivih ocTanoBHTb oce 6oJiee yrviy6jiHK>mHficfl ripouecc HJiacconoH AH(J)(j)epeHUHauHH b AepeBHe h ayjie. K a3 a x C K « e h K n p r n 3 C K n e T p y A a m n e c A n o A pyKOBOACTBOM p y c c K o r o npoJieTa- pnaTa h e r o aBanrapAa — napTHH 6oJibineBHKoB — Bee Teciiee cruia- HHBaJIHCb BOKpyr COBeTOB. *** r io 6 e ^ a CoBercKoft babcth b CeMHpcnbe, onep>i<anHaa npw iiomo- mn p y ccK o ro patfonero KJiacca, iio a pykoboactbom KoMMyiiHCTHMe- ckoh napTHH, Hepa3pbinno cBH3ana c n o 6 e & o fi Bbahkoh O k th ^pijCkoh comiajiHCTHnecKOH peBOAiounn b ueHTpe. B ejiH K an OKTH(5pbCKan couH ajiH CTH qecKaa peBO A iounn o-rccpwia HOByio cTpaHHuy b hctophh Ka3axcKoro H a f y o x a , y r n w r o x H A a couh- ajibHbiH h HaiiMOHa.abHbift rn e T h c o 3 A a ji a n o q n y aah p a c u n e T a Apy>K6bi h 6paTCK O ro coTpyAHHM ecTBa K a 3 a x c K o ro h p y c c K o ro iiapOAOB. C nepBbix >Ke u i a r o B CBoeft A e n re J ib H o cT H CoBeibr K a 3 a x c T a H a , pvko- BoxHMbie h n a n p a s A a e M b ie K oM M yH H CTH qecKoft n ap T H eft h C obgtckhm npaBH reJibCTBOM , npHCTynHJiH k AHKBHAatuiH o cT a T K o n pc>KHMa Ha- UHOHajibHO'KOJTOHHajibiioro y n ic T e iiH n h k y n p e ru ie iin io B3aHMHoro ao- BepHH M O K A y K33aXCKHMH H pyCCKHMH TpyABlHHMHCH Ha OCHOBC AeHHHCKOH nauHOHaAbHOH noAHTHKHj BAaroAapa noGeae C obctckoh BJiaCTH K33aXCKH H HapOA CT3JI IfOAHOnpaBHblM X03AHHOM CBOeH >KH3- HH H c n o M o m b io BCAH Koro p y c c K o r o H a p o x a , t io a pyKOBOACTBOM KoMMyHHCTHneCKOft napTH H , riOCTpOHA C0UH3AH3M, M H Iiya KariHTa- AHCTHHCCKyiO CTaAHIO pa3BHTHH, H yB ep eilH O HACT B n e p e A K KOMMy- HH3My. 1 U rA O P KaaCCP, cj>. 24, on. 2 . A- 14. Jin. 289—295. 3013^ V

C O Jl K P h ; A 1111 K np©AHC-10HHe ............................................................................................................. 3 3. B. naiuUHu,eaa. ycTanon/ienne h ynpoqeHHe CoBeTCKofi BJiacTH b 5 Cup-ZlapbHHCKofl oGLaacTii................................ 47 n . M . riaxMypHuu. I l o 6e A a BeAHKOfi O k t b 6 pt>c k o A couHa.iHCTiiqe* 95 CKOii peBOBlOUHH B AKMO.lHHCKOfi O&iaCTH ............. ........................ 125 G. A. M oxoauiw . ycraHOBJieuHe CoBeTCKoft B/iacm b TypraAcKoft 161- 193 odn acrn ......................................................... C. M . KettMeOaeo. 5opb6a aa BJiacrb Cobctob b CcMiina^arHucKofi o O ^ a c T M ......................................................................... ............................. . . T. E. EAeyoQ. BopbGa 3a ycTaHOu;ieHKe CobctckoA BJiacTH b ypa^b- ckoA 06/iacTH h CubuicA B)rKeeBCKOH opae .......................... \\ . H. B. PycQKoa. ycraHOB^eHHe h ynpoqeHHe CoBeTCKofi B.iacTH b Ce* MiipeqcHCKoA ofi.iacTH ............................................................

y C T A H O B J IE H H E CO B E TC K O H BJ1ACTM B O EJIAC TflX K A 3 A X C T A H A , 1917-1918 rr. C6opH.UK c ra rc u PejiaKTopbi K. JI. MeAeiuKn, A . 3. /*paCapnuK. XyAoxc. pcAaKTop //. JI. /Iy6poe. T cxh . peAaK-rop B. r . O u crp a x. K oppen rop //. JJ. Bedcuuneea. QXfHO b H80op 17/ViI 1957 r. noA n uc an o k nonaxM 0090/IX3 K 31.957yr0r.5 2 7 2 . O opM aT 60x92'/ia—15 n. ji. (16.9 yn.-MHA. a :). p a * JO TH Ka3rocM3AaT. r. A iiM a -A T a , nawJiH.'ioBa. M l. UcHa 5 py6. 90 Kon. 3i/K.i3 JVb 1201. ncwiKrpa({)KOM6MnaT rjiflB H iA a m MMifHcrepcroa Ky^bTypu K asC C P, P. A jju a-A Ta, yji. riacrepa, 31.