Kelas VII_SMP_Bahasa Indonesia_Romiyatun

Romiyatun, S.Pd.Ismoyo, S.Pd.BAHASA INDONESIA JENDELA ILMU PENGETAHUAN KELAS VII SMP/MTs Pusat Perbukuan Departemen Pendidikan Nasional

Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs.Hak Cipta pada Departemen Pendidikan NasionalDilindungi Undang-UndangBahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu PengetahuanKelas VII SMP/MTsPenulis : Romiyatun, S.Pd. Ismoyo, S.Pd.Ilustrasi, Tata Letak : IsmoyoPerancang Kulit : TimUkuran Buku : 21 x 28 cm 410 ROM Romiyatun b bahasa Indonesia ,GPFGNC+NOW2GPIGVCJWCP -GNCU8++ 5/2/6U1NGJ4QOK[CVWP+UOQ[QA,CMCTVC2WUCV2GTDWMWCP &GRCTVGOGP2GPFKFKMCP0CUKQPCNXKKKJNOKNWU28 cm $KDNKQITCHKhlm 223 - 224  +PFGMU +5$0- 462 - 625 -2 +,WFWN $CJCUC+PFQPGUKC5VWFK2GPICLCTCP +++UOQ[Q&KVGTDKVMCPQNGJ2WUCV2GTDWMWCP&GRCTVGOGP2GPFKFKMCP0CUKQPCN6CJWP&KRGTDCP[CM1NGJ   ii

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Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs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iv

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2  Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs.  #/GPFGPICTMCP$GTKVC   /GPFGPICTMCP2GODCECCP$GTKVC /GPGPVWMCP2QMQM2QMQM$GTKVC /GP[KORWNMCP+UK$GTKVC $GTNCVKJ/GP[KORWNMCP+UK$GTKVC 6WICU4WOCJ 2#*.#9#0 $$GTEGTKVC8QLW3DKODZDQ /GOCJCOK7PUWT7PUWT%GTKVC $CICKOCPC%CTC$GTEGTKVC $GTNCVKJ$GTEGTKVCFCNCO-GNQORQM 6WICU4WOCJ %/GODCEC-COWU /GPGOWMCP-CVC5WNKV /GPECTK-CVCFCNCO-COWU /GPECTK/CMPC-CVCFCNCO-COWU $GTNQODC/GPGOWMCP/CMPC 6WICU4WOCJ &/GPWNKU2CPVWP /GOCJCOK-CTCMVGTKUVKM2CPVWP ,GPKU,GPKU2CPVWP %CTC/GPWNKU2CPVWP /GPWNKU2CPVWP 6WICU4WOCJ

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4  Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs.YC+PFQPGUKCOCUKJGMUKUFCNCOMCPECJINQ VGPCICMGTLCFKOCPECPGICTC6-+FCP6-9DCN &CTK OGFKC MKVC VCJW DCJYC MGGORCV UGDCICK őRCJNCYCP FGXKUCŒ 0COWPUKUYCKVWFKDKPCQNGJ4KFYCP*CUCP5CRWVTC RGTNCMWCP VGTJCFCR OGTGMC EGPFGTWPI VKFCM&KC CFCNCJ 2TGUKFGP &KTGMVWT -NKPKM OCPWUKCYK /CMPC őRCJNCYCPŒ OGPICNCOK2GPFKFKMCP /+2# [CPI LWIC RGODKPC FGITCFCUKFCPOCMKPNCPIMCMKVCVGOWKUQUQMPCUKQPCN WPVWM +PVGTPCVKQPCN /CVJGOCVKE CPF KVWFCTKJCTKMGJCTK5EKGPEG 1N[ORKE +/51 DKFCPI /CVGOCVKMC)WTW [CPI UCDCT OGODKODKPI OWTKFP[C -QPVTKDWUK [CPI FKDGTKMCP .CKNC FCPUGNCOC FWC DWNCP UGLCM #IWUVWU KVW LWIC #VKMC UGTVC LWVCCP MCWO OWFC NCKPP[C CFCőRCJNCYCPŒ[CPICECRVGTNWRCMCP NCJ YWLWF MQPMTGV PKNCKPKNCK MGRCJNCYCPCP 2CJNCYCP [CPI UGUWPIIWJP[C VKFCM RGTPCJ #MJKTCMJKT KPK MKVC UGTKPI OGPFGPICT OCVK /GTGMC UGPCPVKCUC JCFKT FCNCO UGMCVC RCJNCYCP FKWECRMCP 0COWP UC[CPI IGPCR CURGM MGJKFWRCP MKVC &CNCO CUTCOCMCVC KVW VKFCM FKDGTK OCMPC [CPI MQPMTGV 225&/5 [CPI MKPK VGTUGDCT FK NKOC MQVC/KUCNP[CMKVCUGDWVIWTWUGDCICKőRCJNCYCP MCOK DGTVGMCF WPVWM OGPIJKFWRMCP VGTWUVCPRC VCPFC LCUCŒ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ő6JGUV9K\CTF #VKMC#NOKTC QH /CVJGOCVKEU +PVGTPCVKQPCN %QORGVKVKQP 9+</+%Œ [CPI FKIGNCT FK .WEMPQY +PFKCRCFC1MVQDGTNCNW8QLW3DKODZDQ

Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs. 5 2GTVCP[CCP ŗ   ŗ &CNCO MQORGVKUK KPK YCMKN +PFQPGUKC   ŗ OGTCKJ FWC GOCU UCVW RGTCM FCP UCVW   ŗ RGTWPIIW WPVWM MQORGVKUK KPFKXKFWCN  5CVW GOCU WPVWM MQORGVKUK VKO FCNCO 2QMQMDGTKVC ŗ MQORGVKUK KPVGTPCUKQPCN WPVWM UKUYC   ŗ DGTWOWT FK DCYCJ  VCJWP 1NKORKCFG   ŗ KPKFKKMWVKQNGJVKOFCTKPGICTC[CKVW   ŗ $WNICTKC +PFKC +PFQPGUKC +TCP 0GRCN   ŗ 6JCKNCPF 6CKYCP FCP (KNKRKPC /GTGMC VCORKN MG DCDCM HKPCN UGVGNCJ OGNCNWK 2GTVCP[CCP ŗ TQPFG RGP[KUKJCP [CPI DGTCV /GFCNK   ŗ RGTCM FCP RGTWPIIW OCUKPIOCUKPI   ŗ FKTCKJ (KTUVKQ #JOCF 5GRTKCFK FCTK 5/2+   ŗ #N#\JCT  -GOCPI 2TCVCOC $GMCUK FCP  )JKHHCTK*CGMCNPQQT6WLWCPVQFCTK5/20 2QMQMDGTKVC ŗ ,CMCTVC   ŗ   ŗ   ŗ   ŗ &K VGPICJ FWMC CMKDCV DGPECPC [CPI FCVCPI UKNKJ DGTICPVK RTGUVCUK [CPI 2GTVCP[CCP ŗ OGTGMC TCKJ OGTWRCMCP JKDWTCP VGT   ŗ UGPFKTK /GTGMC CFCNCJ őRCJNCYCPŒ   ŗ WPVWM OGODWMVKMCP DCJYC +PFQPGUKC   ŗ OCUKJ GMUKU FCNCO MCPECJ INQDCN &CTK  OGFKCMKVCVCJWDCJYCMGGORCVUKUYCKVW 2QMQMDGTKVC ŗ FKDKPC QNGJ 4KFYCP *CUCP 5CRWVTC   ŗ 2TGUKFGP &KTGMVWT -NKPKM 2GPFKFKMCP   ŗ /+2# [CPI LWIC RGODKPC PCUKQPCN WPVWM   ŗ +PVGTPCVKQPCN /CVJGOCVKE CPF 5EKGPEG   ŗ 1N[ORKE +/51 DKFCPI /CVGOCVKMC )WTW [CPI UCDCT OGODKODKPI OWTKFP[C UGNCOC FWC DWNCP UGLCM #IWUVWU KVW LWIC őRCJNCYCPŒ[CPICECRVGTNWRCMCP  #MJKTCMJKT KPK MKVC UGTKPI OGPFGPICT MCVC RCJNCYCP FKWECRMCP 0COWP UC[CPI MCVC KVW VKFCM FKDGTK OCMPC [CPI MQPMTGV /KUCNP[C MKVC UGDWV IWTW UGDCICK őRCJNCYCP VCPRC VCPFC LCUCŒ 0COWP MGUGLCJVGTCCPP[C VKFCM VGTNCNW FKRGTJCVKMCP UGJKPIIC VWPVWVCP CPIICTCP RGPFKFKMCP UGDGUCT  WPVWM OGO RGTDCKMK MWCNKVCU RGPFKFKMCP FKCPIICR UGDCICK DGDCP -KVC LWIC OGPLWNWMK RCTC VGPCIC MGTLC FK OCPECPGICTC 6-+ FCP 6-9 UGDCICK őRCJNCYCP FGXKUCŒ 0COWP RGTNCMWCP VGTJCFCR OGTGMC EGPFGTWPI VKFCM OCPWUKCYK /CMPC őRCJNCYCPŒ OGPICNCOK FGITCFCUK FCP OCMKP NCPIMC MKVC VGOWK UQUQM KVW FCTK JCTKMGJCTK 8QLW3DKODZDQ

6  Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs. 2GTVCP[CCP ŗ   ŗ -QPVTKDWUK [CPI FKDGTKMCP .CKNC FCP   ŗ #VKMC UGTVC LWVCCP MCWO OWFC NCKPP[C   ŗ CFCNCJ YWLWF MQPMTGV PKNCKPKNCK MG  RCJNCYCPCP 2CJNCYCP [CPI UGUWPIIWJ 2QMQMDGTKVC ŗ P[CVKFCMRGTPCJOCVK/GTGMCUGPCPVKCUC   ŗ JCFKT FCNCO UGIGPCR CURGM MGJKFWRCP MKVC &CNCO CUTCOC 225&/5 [CPI MKPK VGTUGDCT FK NKOC MQVC MCOK DGTVGMCF WP VWM OGPIJKFWRMCP VGTWU LKYC MG RCJNCYCPCPKVW   ŗ   ŗ   ŗ™ 2TGUGPVCUKMCPJCUKNFKUMWUKMCNKCP/KPVCNCJVCPIICRCPMGNQORQMNCKP VGPVCPIMGVGRCVCPRQMQMDGTKVC[CPIMCNKCPVGOWMCP6WNKUNCJRQMQMRQMQMDGTKVC[CPIMCOWVGOWMCPFKDWMWVWICU +PKNCJRQMQMRQMQMDGTKVC[CPICMWVGOWMCP  &WCICFKU[CPIOGPIIQPFQNGOCUFCNCO1NKORKCFG/CVGOCVKMC9+</+% CFCNCJ.CKNC/WJKDCJFCP#VKMC#NOKTC  AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA  AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA  AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA 5. AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA 6. AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA/GP[KORWNMCP+UK$GTKVC  .CPIMCJOGP[KORWNMCPUGNCPLWVP[CCFCNCJOGP[CTKMCPRQMQMRQMQMDGTKVC[CPIUWFCJFKVGOWMCP2GTJCVKMCPEQPVQJDGTKMWV 2QMQMDGTKVCCFCNCJ&WCICFKU[CPIOGPIIQPFQNGOCUFCNCO1NKORKCFG/CVGOCVKMC 9+</+%CFCNCJ.CKNC/WJKDCJFCP#VKMC#NOKTC5CTKRQMQMDGTKVCFKCVCUCFCNCJ.CKNC/WJKDCJFCP#VKMC#NOKTCOGORGTQNGJGOCUFCNCO 1NKORKCFG/CVGOCVKMC9+</+%™ 6GPVWMCPUCTKDGTKVCFCTKRQMQMRQMQMDGTKVCNCKP[CPIMCNKCPVGPVWMCP8QLW3DKODZDQ

Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs. 74CPIMCKNCJUCTKDGTKVC[CPIMCOWVWNKUOGPLCFKUCVWRCTCITCH4CPIMCKCPUCTKDGTKVC[CPIMCOWDWCVOGTWRCMCPUGDWCJMGUKORWNCPFCTKDGTKVC[CPIMCOWFGPICT2GTJCVKMCPEQPVQJDGTKMWV .CKNC/WJKDCJFCP#VKMC#NOKTCOGORGTQNGJGOCUFCNCO1NKORKCFG/CVGOCVKMC 9+</ +%AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAUCTKDGTKVCRCTCITCH AAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAUCTKDGTKVCRCTCITCHAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAUCTKDGTKVCRCTCITCHAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAUCTKDGTKVC RCTCI TCHAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAUCTKDGTKVCRCTCITCHAAAAAAAAAAA  /WFCJDWMCPOGP[KORWNMCPKUKDGTKVC!-COWRCUVKDKUC$KNCOCUKJTCIWMCOWFCRCVOGPEQDCP[C6CP[CMCPMGRCFCVGOCPOW[CPIUWFCJDKUC5GMCTCPIIKNKTCPOWDGTNCVKJOGP[KORWNMCPKUKDGTKVC.CMWMCPFGPICPVGOCPOWMGIKCVCPDGTKMWVKPK $GTNCVKJ/GP[KORWNMCP+UK$GTKVC   $GTJKVWPINCJUCORCK/WNCKFCTKUKUYC[CPIFWFWMFKFGRCPUGDGNCJMCPCPMGMKTK  5KUYC[CPIOGPFCRCVCPIMCDGTICDWPINCJFGPICPUKUYC[CPIOGPFCRCVCPIMC  5KUYC[CPIOGPFCRCVCPIMCDGTICDWPINCJFGPICPUKUYC[CPIOGPFCRCVCPIMC FCPUGVGTWUP[C  $GMGTLCNCJFCNCOMGNQORQM  5KORWNMCPKUKDGTKVCDGTKMWV)WPCMCPECTC[CPIUWFCJCFC &GFK7*CPFK2CJNCYCP$CIK6WPCPGVTC /GPLCFK RGPICLCT DCIK VWPCPGVTC VKFCM FKTKP[C UGDCICK RGPICLCT KNOW RGTVCPKCP 6XPEHUZZZNLFNDQG\FRPNLFNQHZVDVSOWFCJ #RCNCIK DKNC OCVGTK [CPI FKCLCT WPVWMRCTCVWPCPGVTCMCPDGTUKHCVMGVGTCORKNCP&KRGTNWMCPMKCVVGTUGPFKTK CICT FCRCV DGTJCUKN OGPICLCT VWPCPGVTC 2GPICLCT JCTWU OGTCUCMCP *DPEDUG%LX%\DXQQNJ57DXNQ\DDQWH,QWUGDR%QHHVUSLDUH3VDWD\VDLNVXHPGEDXQKJ06HXPPEDXWHNUDD5%HDNUDHWQLQJOGPLCFK UGQTCPI VWPCPGVTC UGDGNWO OGP[CORCKMCPOCVGTKRGNCLCTCP+VWNCJRGPICMWCP &GFK 7 *CPFK UGQTCPI RGPICLCTVWPCPGVTCFKNQMCUKRGNCVKJCPMGTLCFCPMGVGTCORKNCP RGTVCPKCP ;C[CUCP 2G[CPVWP9K[CVC )WPC &GUC ,CODWFKRC -GECOCVCP %KUCTWC -CDWRCVGP $CPFWPI2CFC CYCNP[C UGMKVCT  VCJWP UKNCO&GFK OGTCUC RGUKOKU FCP DKPIWPI MGVKMC;C[CUCP 9K[CVC )WPC OGPGORCVMCP 8QLW3DKODZDQ

8  Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs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

Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs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

10   Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs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

Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs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

12   Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs. %CTC$GTEGTKVC   $GTEGTKVC FK FGRCP QTCPI DCP[CM KVW OWFCJ -CNKCP JCP[C RGTNW OGOWRWM TCUC RGTEC[C FKTK ,KMC UWFCJ OGOKNKMK TCUC RGTEC[C FKTK OCMC UGOWC CMCP VGTCUC OWFCJ 5WFCJMCJ TCUC RGTEC[C FKTKOW VWODWJ! $CIWU -CNKCP JCTWU RGTEC[C FKTK 5GNCKP TCUC RGTEC[CFKTKMGTWPVWVCPEGTKVCQNCJUWCTCKPVQPCUKFCPNCHCNVGRCVIGTCMVWDWJOGPCTKM CVCWUGUWCKEGTKVCUGTVCOKOKM[CPIUGUWCKKUKEGTKVCLWICFKRGTNWMCPC$CICKOCPCUGJCTWUP[CUWCTCMKVC!  5GDWCJ EGTKVC OGOKNKMK VQMQJ FCP UGIGPCR RGTYCVCMCP #ICT OGPCTKM  UWCTC CPVCTVQMQJ FCRCV MCNKCP DGFCMCP 5GNCKP KVW VGORQ [CKVW EGRCV CVCW  NCODCV RGPWVWTCP EGTKVC JCTWU FKCVWT UGUWCK FKPCOKMC GOQUK EGTKVC  6GTMCFCPI NCODCV MCVC RGT MCVC CVCW EGRCV FCP MKCP EGRCV FCNCO UCVW  VCTKMCP PCRCU ,KMC VGORQ RGODCECCP EGTKVC FCTK CYCN UCORCK CMJKT UCOC  OCMCEGTKVCVKFCMOGPCTKM   8QNWOG FCP PCFC UWCTC KPVQPCUK FKUGUWCKMCP FGPICP UKVWCUK EGTKVC  -CFCPIVKPIIKMCFCPITGPFCJMGTCUCVCWNKTKJ2GPIWECRCPMCVCFGOKMCVC  LGNCU 2GNCHCNCP [CPI LGNCU UCPICV FKRGTNWMCP WPVWM MGKPFCJCP EGTKVC 2GOGPIICNCP MCNKOCVLGFC LWICJCTWU VGRCV -CRCP MKVC DGTJGPVK UGLGPCM FCPMCRCPMKVCDGTJGPVKEWMWRNCOCJCTWUFKCVWTD$CICKOCPCUGJCTWUP[CMKVCOGODCYCVWDWJMKVC!  2GTVCOCRGTEC[CFKTK  -GFWCDGTFKTKFGPICPVGICMPCOWPVKFCMMCMW  -GVKICNCMWMCPMQPVCMOCVCFGPICPRGPFGPICTUGECTCDGTICPVKCP  -GGORCV OGPIIGTCMMCP VWDWJ UGUWCK KTCOC EGTKVC ,KMC MCOW  OGPIJC[CVKKUKEGTKVCIGTCMCPVWDWJCMCPOGPICNKTFGPICPUGPFKTKP[C  -GNKOCJKPFCTKNCJIGTCMCP[CPIVKFCMRGTNW E$CICKOCPCUGJCTWUP[CYCLCJMKVC! 'MURTGUKUCPICVFKRGTNWMCPUCCVDGTEGTKVC'MURTGUKJCTWUUGUWCKFGPICP  UKVWCUKEGTKVCOKUCNP[CUGFKJIGODKTCMGEGYCOCTCJFCPNCKPNCKP7PVWM  OGPIQNCJ GMURTGUK MCOW DKUC DGTNCVKJ FK FGRCP EGTOKP #VCW LKMC RGTNW  DGTGMURTGUKFKFGRCPVGOCP 8QLW3DKODZDQ

Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs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RGPKNCKCPFKUGUWCKMCPFGPICPJCUKNDGTEGTKVCVGOCP6WICU4WOCJ  2GTIKNCJMGRGTRWUVCMCCP%CTKNCJDGDGTCRCEGTKVCCPCM  $CECNCJFCPRKNKJUCVWEGTKVC[CPIRCNKPIOGPCTKM  2CJCOKEGTKVCVGTUGDWV  $GTEGTKVCNCJFKFGRCPQTCPIVWCOW  /KPVCNCJOGTGMCOGPCPIICRKRGPCORKNCPOWFGPICPOGPIKUKVCDGN RGPKNCKCPDGTKMWV 8QNWOG .CHCN +PVQPCUK )GUVWTG /KOKM -GVGTCPICP            $CYCNCJVCDGNRGPKNCKCPFCTKQTCPIVWCOWMGUGMQNCJ/KPVCNCJUCTCP IWTWOWDGTFCUCTMCPVCDGNRGPKNCKCPQTCPIVWCOW 8QLW3DKODZDQ

14   Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs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

Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs. 15 2GTVGORWTCP JGDCV FK 5WTCDC[C KVW OGPICPIMCVUGPLCVC2CJNCYCPDKUCFKCTVK VGTLCFK  VCJWP [CPI NCNW -KPK PGICTC MCPQTCPI[CPIDGTLCUCFKDKFCPIP[CCVCW MKVCUWFCJDGDCUFCTKRGPLCLCJDGTMCVLCUC RWP DGTIWPC DCIK DCPIUC FCP PGICTC RCTC RCJNCYCP 1NGJ MCTGPC KVW UGVKCR )WTW [CPI OGPICLCTMCP OWTKFOWTKF VCPIICN  0QXGODGT DCPIUC +PFQPGUKC P[C KNOWYCP [CPI DGTJCUKN OGPGOWMCP OGORGTKPICVKJCTK2CJNCYCP UGUWCVW [CPI DGTIWPC FCP UGPKOCP [CPI OGP[WODCPIMCP MCT[CP[C DCIK DCPIUC &WNW RCJNCYCP JCTWU DGTMQTDCP LWICFKCTVKMCPRCJNCYCPOCUCMKPK FGPICP DGTLWCPI OGNCYCP RGPLCLCJ FK OGFCPRGTCPIDGTDGFCFGPICPRCJNCYCP $TCXQ0Q0QXGODGTŌ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

16   Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs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Π5GNCKPKVWVGPVCTC+PIITKULWICOGORWP[CKOKUKWPVWMOGPIGODCNKMCP+PFQPGUKC M G$GNCPFCΠ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

Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs. 17LWNCPI VGRCV FK VGPICJ MQVC 5WTCDC[C UGNCO KPK LWIC VWTWV UGTVC FCNCO RGTVGOVGRCVP[C FK 6COCP -GDQPTQLQ ,CNCP RWTCP FK .CWV #TW [CPI OGNKDCVMCP -4+2CJNCYCP /CECP 6WVWN [CPI FKRKORKP QNGJ .CM 6WIW[CPIDGTDGP UCOCPC ;QU 5WFCTUQVWM UGRGTVK TQMGV [CPI -CRCN KPK DGTJGPVKOGPICTCJMGDWNCPKPK FKQRGTCUKMCP RCFC VCFKDCPIWPFGPICPDGP JWPVWM[CPIUCPICVUGFGTJCPC 6CRK LWUVTW MG 2CFC VCJWP UGFGTJCPCCP KPKNCJ )WDGTPWT 5WTCDC[C OG[CPI OGODWCV OQ OWVWUMCP WPVWM OGPPWOGP KPK LCFK OG LCFKMCPMCRCNKPKUGDCICKPQPLQN FKDCPFKPI VWIW OWUGWO 7PVWM OGOKPNCKP FK 5WTCDC[C &K FCJMCPP[C MG NQMCUK UGUGDGNCJ VWIW VGTFCRCV OWUGWO &K FCNCO MCTCPI MCRCN KPK FKOWUGWO KPK DKUC FKUCMUKMCP UGLCTCJ RGT RQVQPIOGPLCFKDCIKCPLWCPICP TCM[CV 5WTCDC[C FCNCO OGNCYCP 2QVQPICPRQVQPICP MCRCN UGNCO VGT$GNCPFC FCNCO RGTVGORWTCP OGORGT UGDWV MGOWFKCP FKUCODWPIMCP MGODCNKVCJCPMCPMGOGTFGMCCP UGVGNCJVKDCFKNQMCUKUGMCTCPI  /QPWOGP-CRCN5GNCO /QPWOGP,GPFGTCN5WFKTOCP &K UGDWCJ /CN 5WTCDC[C VGTFCRCV UG /QPWOGP [CPI DGTFKTK FK ,CNCP ;QUDWCJ MCRCN UGNCO [CPI FKHWPIUKMCP UG 5WFCTUQ KPK FKDCPIWP WPVWM OGPIGPCPIDCICK OWUGWO /WUGWO KPK FKMGPCN ,GPFGTCN 5WFKTOCP FCNCO OGOKORKPFGPICPPCOC/QPMCUGN/QPWOGP-CRCN RGTCPI IGTKN[C OGNCYCP $GNCPFC &K5GNCO /QPWOGP KPK UGDGPCTP[C CFCNCJ DCYCJ OQPWOGP KPK VGTFCRCV VWNKUCPMCRCN UGNCO +PFQPGUKC [CPI RGTVCOC [CPI DGTKUK RGTMCVCCP ,GPFGTCN 5WFKTOCP2CUQRCVK  2CUQRCVK  CFCNCJ LGPKU CICTRGLWCPI+PFQPGUKCVGVCRRGTEC[CFKTKMCRCN UGNCO 4WUKC [CPI FKDWCV FK VGVCR OGNCPLWVMCP RGTLWCPICP OGORGT8NCFKXQUVQM4WUKCRCFCVCJWPMCRCN VCJCPMCP VCPCJ CKT FCP RCPVCPI OGKPK FKDGNK +PFQPGUKC RCFC VCJWP  P[GTCJ /QPWOGP ,GPFGTCN 5WFKTOCP-CRCN UGNCO KPK DGTUGLCTCJ MCTGPC OGOG FKFKTKMCPUGDCICKJCFKCJDCIKOCU[CTCMCVICPI RGTCPCP RGPVKPI FCNCO 1RGTCUK ,CYC 6KOWT CVCU RTCMCTUC -QOCPFCP/CPFCNC QRGTCUK OGODGDCUMCP 2CRWC 2CPIFCO 8++ $TCYKLC[C UCCV KVW .GVPCP[CPI UCCV KPK DGTPCOC +TKCP $CTCV -CRCN ,GPFGTCN/;CUKP $TCXQ0Q0QXGODGTŌ&GUGODGTFGPICPRGPIWDCJCP$CECCP +26'-5KUYC5/22GPGOW6GMPQNQIK6KPIMCV0CUKQPCN 4GDWUCP-WDKU/GTCJ,CFK2GYCTPC-CKP Amalia Dwi Riska adalah salah satu #OCNKC &YK #TKUMC ICFKU MGNCJKTCPpenemu bidang teknologi tepat guna berskala 5GOCTCPI  ,CPWCTK  KVW NCKMP[Cnasional. Meskipun baru kelas VIII SMP, TGOCLCTGOCLC UGWUKCP[C 4CODWV NWTWURiska telah menemukan teknologi yang cocok UGDCJW DGTRQPK UGTVC OGPIGPCMCP LGRKVdengan kebutuhan masyarakat dan bisa TCODWV YCTPCYCTPK +C VKFCM OGPIIWPCdimanfaatkan. Ia menemukan pewarna kain MCP MCEC OCVC OKPWU UGRGTVK WOWOP[Cyang dibuat dari rebusan kubis merah.  RCTC RGPGOW VGMPQNQIK DCTW 2QNCJ VKPIMCJP[C LWIC UCOC UGRGTVK TGOCLC RWVTK 8QLW3DKODZDQ

18   Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs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

Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs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

20   Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs. &/GPWNKU2CPVWP 2CPVWPCFCNCJRWKUKNCOC+PFQPGUKC1TCPIQTCPIVWCFCJWNWOGPIIWPCMCPRCPVWP WPVWM OGODGTKMCP PCUKJCV 2CPVWP VKFCM OGPIIWTWK 0CUKJCV [CPI FKUCORCKMCP OGNCNWK RCPVWP VGTMGUCP KPFCJ <COCP UGMCTCPI RWP FCRCV OGPIIWPCMCP RCPVWP WPVWMOGP[CORCKMCPUGUWCVW 2CPVWP OGOKNKMK CVWTCP VGTUGPFKTK 5GVKCR WPVCK RCPVWP VGTFKTK CVCU GORCV NCTKM 5GVKCR NCTKM VGTFCRCV    UWMW MCVC 2CPVWP OGOKNKMK UCLCM CDCD 0COWP VKFCM OGPWVWRMGOWPIMKPCPDGTUCLCMCCCC.CTKMRGTVCOCFCPMGFWCFCNCORCPVWPFKUGDWV UCORKTCPUGFCPIMCPNCTKMMGVKICFCPMGGORCVOGTWRCMCPKUK -GIKCVCP MCNK KPK CFCNCJ OGPWNKU RCPVWP /GPWNKU RCPVWP JCTWU OGPIKMWVK CVWTCP [CPICFC,KMCVKFCMUGUWCKFGPICPCVWTCPRCPVWPOCMCUGDWCJMCT[CVKFCMDKUCFKUGDWV RCPVWP7PVWMNGDKJOGOCJCOKP[CC[QKMWVKMGIKCVCPFKDCYCJKPK /GOCJCOK-CTCMVGTKUVKM2CPVWP 2GTJCVKMCPEQPVQJRCPVWPDGTKMWV   #FCMCJRGTKUCKDGTVCNKTCODWV *CPI,GDCV*CPI-GUVWTK  4CODWVFKRKPVCNCMCPEGOCTC $WFCMDWFCMTCLC/GNCMC  #FCMCJOKUCKVCJWVCMWV ,KMCJGPFCMLCPICPFKEWTK /CTKMKVCDGTVGPVCPIOCVC -COKRWPOWFC NCIKRGTMCUC     4GFWRDKPVCPIJCTKRWPUWDWJ 5WDWJVKDCDKPVCPIVCMVCORCM  *KFWRRCPVCPIOGPECTKOWUWJ  /WUWJFCVCPIRCPVCPIFKVQNCM   5GVGNCJOGPEGTOCVKVKICEQPVQJRCPVWPFKCVCULCYCDNCJRGTVCP[CCPRGTVCP[CCPFK DCYCJKPK  $GTCRCLWONCJNCTKMRCFCUGVKCRDCKVRCPVWP!  6WNKUMCPUCLCMFCTKMGVKICRCPVWPFKCVCU  6WNKUMCPUCORKTCPUCORKTCPMGVKICRCPVWPFKCVCU  6WNKUMCPKUKFCTKMGVKICRCPVWPFKCVCU  $GTCRCLWONCJUWMWMCVCUGVKCRNCTKMRCPVWP!$GVWNMCPDGTMKUCTŌUWMWMCVC!  #RCOCMUWFFCTKKUKRCPVWPUCVWFWCFCPVKIC! 8QLW3DKODZDQ

Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs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

22   Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs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24   Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs.8QLW3DKODZDQ

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26 Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs.  #/GPFGPICTMCP&QPIGPI /GPFGPICTMCP2GODCECCP&QPIGPI /GPGOWMCP7PUWT&QPIGPI[CPI/GPCTKM $GTFKUMWUK $GTNCVKJ5GPFKTK 6WICU4WOCJ $/GPEGTKVCMCP2GPICNCOCP/GPIGUCPMCP /GODCEC%QPVQJ2GPICNCOCP /GOCJCOK2GPICNCOCP %CTC/GPEGTKVCMCP2GPICNCOCP/GPIGUCPMCP /GPWNKU2GPICNCOCP/GPIGUCPMCP $GTEGTKVC5GECTC.KUCP2'4+56+9# 6WICU4WOCJ %/GPEGTKVCMCP-GODCNK%GTKVC#PCM /GODCEC%GTKVC#PCM /GPIKFGPVKHKMCUK7PUWT%GTKVC /GPWNKU-GODCNK*CUKN+FGPVKHKMCUK $GTNCVKJ$GTEGTKVC 6WICU4WOCJ &/GPWNKU$WMW*CTKCP /GPICOCVK%QPVQJ%CVCVCP*CTKCP /GPIKFGPVKHKMCUK%CVCVCP*CTKCP /GPWNKU%CVCVCP*CTKCP 6WICU4WOCJ8QLW3HULVWLZD

Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs. 27 #/GPFGPICTMCP&QPIGPI 5KCRC[CPIDGNWORGTPCJOGPFGPICTMCPFQPIGPI!&QPIGPICFCNCJEGTKVCHKMVKHCVCW VKFCMRGTPCJVGTLCFK&QPIGPIJCP[CNCJEGTKVCWPVWMJKDWTCPVGTWVCOCOGPIJKDWTCPCM CPCM5CCVMGEKNVGPVWMCOWUGTKPIOGPFGPICTMCPFQPIGPIVGTWVCOCMGVKMCJGPFCM VKFWT&CNCOFQPIGPICFCJCNJCN[CPIOGPQPLQN*CNJCN[CPIOGPQPLQNFCNCO FQPIGPICFCNCJVGOCFCPRGUCP[CPIKPIKPFKUCORCKMCPQNGJRGPWNKUFQPIGPI 2GNCMWFQPIGPIFCRCVDGTWRCDKPCVCPIFGYCFGYCRCPIGTCPFCPRWVTKMGTCLCCP FCPNCKPUGDCICKP[C -GIKCVCPMCNKKPKCFCNCJOGPFGPICTMCPFQPIGPI5GVGNCJOGPFGPICTMCPMCOW FKOKPVCWPVWMOGPGPVWMCPJCNJCNOGPCTKMFCTKFQPIGPI[CPIFKDCEC /GPFGPICTMCP2GOD CECCP&QPIGPI -GIKCVCP RGTVCOC CFCNCJ OGPFGPICTMCP RGODCECCP FQPIGPI 2KNKJNCJ UCVW VGOCP WPVWM OGODCECMCP FQPIGPI [CPI DGTLWFWN )QPDG FCP  +VKM 5KUYC [CPI OGPFGPICT OGP[KCRMCPMGTVCUFCPRWNRGPWPVWMOGPECVCVJCNJCNOGPCTKM[CPIFKFGPICT  )QPDGFCP+VKM  &K UGDWCJ FGUC VKPIICN UGQTCPI C[CJ FGPICP CPCM NCMKNCMKP[C [CPI DGTPCOC )QPDG /GTGMC JKFWR FCTK DGTDWTW KVKM 5GVKCR DGTDWTW C[CJ )QPDG JCP[C OGPGODCM UCVW GMQT KVKM UCLC /GNKJCV JCN VGTUGDWV)QPDGDGTVCP[CRCFCC[CJP[C-GPCRCMKVC JCP[COGPGODCMUCVWGMQTUCLC;CJ!-CTGPCMCNCW MKVC OGODWPWJ UGOWC KVKM PCPVK KVKM VGTUGDWV CMCP JCDKU FCP VKFCM DKUC DGTMGODCPI DKCM 5GNCKP KVW MCNCW MKVC OGODWPWJ KVKM UGODCTCPICP MKVC DKUC OGPFCRCVJWMWOCP $GDGTCRC DWNCP MGOWFKCP C[CJ )QPDG LCVWJ UCMKV FCP CMJKTP[C OGPKPIICN FWPKC 5GLCM UCCV KVW )QPDG DGTDWTW KVKM UGPFKTKCP FCP OGPLWCNP[C .COCMGNCOCCP )QPDG DQUCP FGPICP RGMGT LCCPP[CKCOGPFCRCVMCPUGDWCJKFG-GGUQMCP JCTK[C )QPDG FCVCPI MG FCPCW [CPI UWFCJ OGPLCFK GU +C OGPGDCTMCP OCMCPCP [CPI UCPICVDCP[CMWPVWMKVKMKVKM6CMDGTCRCNCOC KVKMKVKM OWNCK DGTFCVCPICP FCP OGOCMCP OCMCPCP [CPI VGTUGDCT -CTGPC MGMGP[CPICP OGTGMCVGTVKFWTFKCVCU 8QLW3HULVWLZD

28 Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs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

Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs. 29 ,CYCDNCJRGTVCP[CCPRGTVCP[CCPFKDCYCJKPK6WNKULCYCDCPOWFKDWMWVWICU  5KCRCUCLCMCJVQMQJ[CPIVGTFCRCVFCNCOFQPIGPI)QPDGFCP+VKM!  $CICKOCPCYCVCMRCTCVQMQJFCNCOFQPIGPI)QPDGFCP+VKM!  6WNKUMCPCNWTEGTKVCFQPIGPI)QPDGFCP+VKM  6GPVWMCPNCVCTEGTKVCFQPIGPI)QPDGFCP+VKM  *CNJCNCRC[CPIDKUCMCOWVGNCFCPKFCTKFQPIGPI)QPDGFCP+VKM!  #RCRGUCP[CPIKPIKPFKUCORCKMCPOGNCNWKFQPIGPI)QPDGFCP+VKM!  $CIKCPOCPC[CPIOGPCTKMOGPWTWVMCOW!  /GPICRCMCOWOGP[WMCKDCIKCPKVW! $GTFKUMWUK 5WFCJUGNGUCKOGPLCYCDRGTVCP[CCPFKCVCU!7PVWMOGPIGVCJWKLCYCDCPOWDGPVWM UGDWCJMGNQORQM.CMWMCPMGIKCVCPMGNQORQMUGRGTVKDGTKMWV $GTMGNQORQMNCJFGPICPQTCPIVGOCPOW $CECMCPNCJLCYCDCPFCTKRGTVCP[CCPRGTVCP[CCPFKCVCU &KUMWUKMCPNCJLCYCDCPLCYCDCPMCNKCP5WFCJDGPCTCVCWDGNWO &KCPVCTCMCNKCPDGTVKICCRCMCJLCYCDCPWPVWMRGTVCP[CCPPQOQTUCOC! /GPICRCDGTDGFC! 6CP[CMCPCNCUCPMGRCFCOCUKPIOCUKPIVGOCPOWOGPICRCOGPICPIICR JCNKVWOGPCTKM 4GMCRJCUKNFKUMWUKOWFCNCOVCDGNDGTKMWV6WNKUFKDWMWVWICU      0COC5KUYC *CN[CPI/GPCTKM #NCUCP /KTPC #[CJ)QPDG #[CJ)QPDGDGTWUCJCOGPLCICMGNGUVCTKCPCNCO OGPGODCMKVKM +VKMFCRCVRWPCJCRCDKNCFKDWTWVCPRC UGJCTKUCVWGMQT OGORGTJCVKMCPLWONCJCVCWRQRWNCUKOGTGMC #RCDKNCKVKMRWPCJ#[CJ)QPDGVKFCMFCRCV DGTDWTWKVKMNCIK/GTGMCLWIC[CPICMJKTP[C OGPICNCOKMGTWIKCP        5GVGNCJ DGTFKUMWUK MCOW CMCP OGPIGTVK UCVW JCN 5GVKCR QTCPI OGOKNKMK MGVGTVCTKMCPUGPFKTKUGPFKTK/GTGMCOGOKNKMKCNCUCPVGTUGPFKTKOGPICRCFKCVGTVCTKM FGPICPUGUWCVWJCNKVW  8QLW3HULVWLZD

30 Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs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

Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs. 31FGPICP DGTNKCP [CPI UWFCJ OGPGORGN FK FCIKPI KVW #MW OGORWP[CK KFG #MW UGIGTCOGPIKMCV MCP FKTK MG IWPFWMCP FCIKPI 6CM DGTCRC NCOC DWTWPI PCIC FCVCPI FCP OGPICODKN IWPFWMCP FCIKPI NCNW VGTDCPI FCTK FCUCT LWTCPI 6KDCVKDC -NCPI -NCPI 6GTFGPICT UWCTC IQPI FCP UWNKPI [CPI DGTIGOC $WTWPI PCIC [CPI VGTMGLWV OGPLCVWJMCP IWPFWMCP FCIKPI FCP EGRCVEGRCV VGTDCPI VKPIIK 1TCPIQTCPI [CPI FCVCPI WPVWM OGPICODKN DGTNKCP VGTMGLWVMGVKMCOGNKJCVMW #MW OGPEGTKVCMCP UGOWC MGLCFKCP [CPI MWCNCOK RCFC OGTGMC -GOWFKCP QTCPIQTCPI RGPICODKN DGTNKCP FCP OGPICPVCTMCP CMW MG RGNCDWJCP WPVWM MGODCNK MG PGICTCMW #MWOGPLWCNDGTNKCP[CPIMWFCRCVFCPOGODGNKUGDWCJMCRCN[CPI DGUCT FGPICP CYCM MCRCN [CPI DCP[CM #MW DGTCPIMCV DGTNC[CT UCODKN OGNCMWMCPRGTFCICPICP 5WCVW JCTK MCRCNMW FKTCORQM QNGJ RCTC RGTQORCM -GOWFKCP CMW FKLCFKMCPDWFCM [CPI CMJKTP[C FKLWCN MGRCFC UGQTCPI RGODWTW ICLCJ #RCMCJ MCW DKUC OGOCPCJ!6CP[CRGODWTWICLCJRCFCMW5CPIRGODWTWOGODGTKMWDWUWTFCPCPCMRCPCJFCPFKCLCMP[CMGRCFCPITWORWVNWCU+PKCFCNCJLCNCPICLCJ0CKMNCJMGCVCURQJQPVWPIIWOGTGMCFCVCPINCNWDWPWJICLCJKVW$CKMVWCPLCYCDMWMGVCMWVCP'UQM RCIK FCVCPI IGTQODQNCP ICLCJ 5CCV KVW RGOKORKPICLCJOGNKJCVMWFCPNCPIUWPIOGP[GTCPIRQJQP[CPIMWPCKMK#MW LCVWJ VGRCV FK FGRCP ICLCJ )CLCJ KVW MGOWFKCPOGPIIWNWPIDCFCPMWFGPICPDGNCNCKP[C[CPIRCPLCPI5CCVKVWCMW OGPIKTC KC RCUVK CMCP OGODWP[JMW CVCW OGODCPVKPIMWMG VCPCJ 6GTP[CVC ICLCJ KVW OGODCYCMW FGPICP MGNQORQMOGTGMC MG UGDWCJ IWPWPI DCVW #MJKTP[C VGTNKJCV UGDWCJ CKTVGTLWP DGUCT &GPICP OGODCYCMW ICLCJ KVW OCUWM MG FCNCOCKT VGTLWP OGPWLW MG UGDWCJ IWC -W MWDWTCP ICLCJ #MWVGTRGTCPLCV &K IWC [CPI NWCU DGTVWORWM VWNCPI FCP ICFKPIICLCJ 2GOKORKP ICLCJ DGTMCVC -CNCW MCW KPIKP ICFKPICODKNNCJUGRGTNWP[C5GDCICKICPVKP[CDGTJGPVKNCJOGODWPWJMCOK#MWDGTLCPLKVKFCMCMCPOGPIWNCPIK RGTDWCVCP KVW #MW RWP RWNCPI FGPICP OGOCPIIWN ICFKPI ICLCJ FCPOGP[GTCJMCP MGRCFC VWCPMW FGPICP U[CTCV KC VKFCM CMCP OGODWPWJ ICLCJ NCIK 6WCPMWDGTLCPLK FCP MGOWFKCP OGODGTKMCPMW WCPIŒ ő$CICKOCPC 5KPDCF #RCMCJ MCW OCUKJ OGTCUCOGPLCFKOCPWUKCRCNKPIOGTCPC!ŒMCVCUCWFCITC[CPILWICDGTPCOC5KPDCF 5WODGTYYYGUOCTVUEJQQNEQO ,CYCDNCJ RGTVCP[CCPRGTVCP[CCP DGTKMWV FGPICP LGNCU FCP VGRCV UGUWCK FGPICP KUK FQPIGPI6WNKUFKDWMWVWICUOW  5KCRCUCLCVQMQJFCNCOFQPIGPIFKCVCU!  2GTKUVKYCCRCUCLC[CPIFKCNCOKVQMQJWVCOCFQPIGPIFKCVCU!  2GTKUVKYCCRC[CPIRCNKPIOGPCTKMOGPWTWVMCOW!  /GPICRCMCOWVGTVCTKMRCFCRGTKUVKYCVGTUGDWV!  *CNJCNCRCUCLC[CPIFCRCVMCOWVGNCFCPKFCTKFQPIGPIFKCVCU! 8QLW3HULVWLZD

32 Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs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

Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs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

34 Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs.    ,CYCDNCJRGTVCP[CCPRGTVCP[CCPDGTKMWVDGTFCUCTMCPKUKEGTKVCFKCVCU    2GTKUVKYCCRC[CPIVGTLCFKFCNCORGPICNCOCPEGTKVCFKCVCU!   5KCRCUCLC[CPIVGTNKDCVFCNCORGPICNCOCPEGTKVCFKCVCU!    $CICKOCPCUWCUCPCEGTKVCFKCVCU!   &KOCPCRGTKUVKYCFCNCOEGTKVCFKCVCUVGTLCFK!   -CRCPRGTKUVKYCKVWVGTLCFK!   $CICKOCPCRGTCUCCPVQMQJ[CPIOGPICNCOKRGTKUVKYCKVW!  $CICKOCPCRGTCUCCPOWLKMCMCOWOGPICNCOKJCN[CPIUCOCFGPICP UKVQMQJ! %CTC/GPEGTKVCMCP2GPICNCOCP[CPI/GPIGUCPMCP /GPIWPIMCRMCPUGDWCJRGPICNCOCPOGPIGUCPMCPCFCNCJJCNOWFCJ 6CJWMCJMCOWECTCVGTOWFCJOGPEGTKVCMCPRGPICNCOCPOGPIGUCPMCP!  %CTCRGTVCOCCFCNCJOGPIKPICVMGODCNKRGTKUVKYC[CPIRGTPCJMCOWCNCOK &CHVCTNCJRGTKUVKYCRGTKUVKYCVGTUGDWV +PKNCJRGTKUVKYCRGTKUVKYC[CPIRGTPCJCMWCNCOK  VGTLCVWJFCTKUGRGFCJKPIICVCPICPMWRCVCJ  WNCPIVCJWPFKTC[CMCPFKUGMQNCJ  DGTMGOCJFKJWVCPFGPICPMGNWCTIC  OGPEQPVGMUCCVWNCPICPFCPMGVCJWCPIWTWCVCW  ŗŗŗŗŗŗŗŗŗŗŗŗŗŗŗŗŗŗŗŗŗŗ 2KNKJNCJUCVWFCTKUGMKCPDCP[CMFCHVCTRGTKUVKYC[CPIMCOWCNCOK2KNKJNCJUCVW RGPICNCOCP[CPIRCNKPIDGTMGUCPDCIKOW    %CTC MGFWC CFCNCJ OGPFCVC UGNWTWJ RGTKUVKYC UGECTC TWPVWV &GPICP MCVC NCKP MCOWRGTNWOGPWNKUMCPCNWTEGTKVCRGTKUVKYC[CPIMCOWCNCOK %QPVQJ 2GTKUVKYC#MWUCMKVMWNKV 2GTKUVKYC#[CJOGPICLCMDGTNKDWTMGIWPWPI2CVWJC 2GTKUVKYC#KTMCYCJRWVKJDKUCOGP[GODWJMCPRGP[CMKVMWNKV 2GTKUVKYC#MWVKFCMUCFCTMCNCWUWFCJVKFCMICTWMICTWMNCIK 2GTKUVKYC#MWUWLWFU[WMWTMCTGPCDGDCUFCTKICVCNICVCN8QLW3HULVWLZD

Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs. 35 %CTCMGVKICCFCNCJOGTKPEKUGNWTWJRGNCMW[CPIDGTJWDWPICPFGPICP RGTKUVKYC/KUCNQTCPIQTCPI[CPIVGTNKDCVFCNCORGTKUVKYCKVWCFCNCJC[CJKDW FCPCMW  %CTCMGGORCVCFCNCJOGNWMKUMCPUWCUCPCVGORCVFCPYCMVWVGTLCFKP[C RGTKUVKYC/KUCNP[CUWCUCPCIWPWPI2CVWJC[CPICUTKFCPUGLWM-GIKCVCPKPK FKNCMWMCPUCCVNKDWTCPUGOGUVGT  %CTCMGNKOCCFCNCJOGODWCVMGTCPIMCEGTKVC-GOWFKCPOGPIGODCPIMCP MGTCPIMCOGPLCFKUGDWCJEGTKVCWVWJ     %CTC/GPWNKU%GTKVC2CNKPI/GPIGUCPMCP  daftar peristiwa yang pernah dialami,   pilih satu peristiwa paling mengesankan,  data seluruh peristiwa secara runtut,  rinci seluruh pelaku yang terlibat dalam peristiwa,  tulis suasana, tempat, dan waktu terjadinya peristiwa, membuat kerangka cerita, dan mengembangkan kerangka cerita. /GPWNKU2GPICNCOCP/GPIGUCPMCP  5GDGNWO DGTEGTKVC UGECTC NKUCP CFC DCKMP[C EGTKVC RGPICNCOCP OGPIGUCPMCP MCOW VWNKUVGTNGDKJFCJWNW*CNKPKCICTEGTKVCOWFCRCVTWPVWVFCPDCKM&CNCOOGPEGTKVCMCP RGPICNCOCPOGPIGUCPMCPIWPCMCPMCNKOCVGHGMVKH   6GPVWMCPRGTKUVKYC[CPIRCNKPIOGPIGUCPMCP[CPIRGTPCJMCOWCNCOK  &CVCNCJUGNWTWJRGTKUVKYCUGECTCTWPVWV  6WNKUNCJUGOWCQTCPI[CPIVGTNKDCVFCNCORGTKUVKYCVGTUGDWV  6WNKUNCJUWCUCPCVGORCVFCPYCMVWVGTLCFKP[CRGTKUVKYCVGTUGDWV  $WCVNCJMGTCPIMCEGTKVCRGPICNCOCPOW  -GODCPIMCPMGTCPIMCEGTKVCOWFGPICPMCNKOCVGHGMVKH 8QLW3HULVWLZD

36 Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs.  5[CTCVOGPWNKUEGTKVCRCNKPIOGPIGUCPMCP 1. Pilihan kata menarik, kata-kata yang digunakan harus ekspresif. Contoh: Aku tidak mungkin melupakan peristiwa itu. (kurang ekspresif) Peristiwa itu tak mungkin terlupa. (lebih ekspresif) 2. Kalimat efektif, tidak menggunakan kata-kata yang tidak berarti. Contoh: Aku sudah mencoba berbagai macam cara dan upaya namun tidak berhasil juga. (tidak efektif) Aku sudah mencoba berbagai cara namun tidak berhasil. (efektif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

Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs. 37 %/GPEGTKVCMCP-GODCNK%GTKVC#PCM -COWUWMCOGODCECEGTKVCCPCM!$CIWUUGMCNK2GTPCJOGPEGTKVCMCPEGTKVC CPCM[CPIMCOWDCEC!$CICKOCPCECTCOWDGTEGTKVC!;COGPEGTKVCMCPMGODCNK KUKEGTKVCCPCMFGPICPCNWTRGUCPFCPRGPQMQJCPUGECTCDGPCT,KMCOGPEGTKVC MCPUGECTCNKUCPRGTJCVKMCPNCJNCHCNKPVQPCUKFCPLGFC[CPILGNCUGMURTGUK OGPFWMWPIFCPIGTCMVWDWJ[CPIUGUWCK -GIKCVCPMCNKKPKCFCNCJOGPEGTKVCMCPMGODCNKEGTKVCCPCM[CPIFKDCEC 5GDGNWOOGPEGTKVCMCPEGTKVCCPCM[CPIFKDCECMCOWRGTNWOGPIKFGPVKHKMCUK WPUWTWPUWTEGTKVC 5GDGNWO OGPEGTKVCMCP MGODCNK VGPVWP[C MCOW JCTWU OGODCEC EGTKVC CPCM VGTNGDKJFCJWNW5GMCTCPIKMWVKNCPIMCJNCPIMCJRGODGNCLCTCPDGTKMWV /GODCEC%GTKVC#PCM  $CECNCJFCNCOJCVKEGTKVCCPCMDGTKMWV  0Q+VW/CJCN ,CNCPCP DGIKVW TCOCK FGTW OGUKP OQDKN MCTGPC +FGU FCP 0WPW UGRGTVK VKFCM OGO FCP OQVQT UCNKPI DGTUCJWVCP +FGU FCP RGTJCVKMCPP[C ő-COK DGTFWC OCW MG UCPC 0WPW MGODCNK OWPFWT DCVCN WPVWM LWICŒ MCVC +FGU CMJKTP[C .CNW FGPICP OGP[GDGTCPI LCNCP 5GDWCJ UGRGFC OQVQT UWUCJ RC[CJ +FGU FCP 0WPW OGODGTK [CPI DGTNCTK EWMWR MGPECPI P[CTKU UCLC RGPIGTVKCP NGYCV DCJCUC KU[CTCV ő9CJ  OGP[GTGORGVOGTGMC NWEW UGMCNK OGNKJCV MCOW DKECTC &GU 5GRGTVKQTCPIUGFCPICMTQDCVŒMCVC0WPW ő#YYYŒVGTKCM+FGUUCODKNOGPIGNWU GNWU FCFCP[C $GTUCOCCP FGPICP KVW VKDC #MJKTP[C OGTGMC DGTVKIC PCKM VKDC FCTK DGNCMCPI UGUGQTCPI OWPEWN OG MGPFCTCCP [CPI OGPWLW UVCUKWP +FGU FCP P[CRCOGTGMC 0WPW UGRCPLCPI RGTLCNCPCP OGPLCFK RGTJCVKCP RGPWORCPIRGPWORCPI NCKPP[C ő/CCH OGPIICPIIW 0QPCPQPC Œ 9KUCVCYCP CUKPI [CPI OGPICMW DGTCUCN MCVC QTCPI KVW VGTRCVCJRCVCJ 0CFC UWCTC FCTK -CPCFC KVW DGTPCOC $KNN[ 5OKVJ &KC P[CUCOCUGMCNKVKFCMGPCMWPVWMFKFGPICT VKFCM JGPVKJGPVKP[C DGTVCP[C 6GPVW UCLC +FGU FCP 0WPW UGFKMKV MGTGRQVCP PCOWP +FGU FCP 0WPW DGTDCNKM VGTP[CVC QTCPI MGFWCP[CVGVCROGPEQDCOGNC[CPKP[C [CPI OGP[CRC OGTGMC CFCNCJ QTCPI CUKPI OWPIMKPYKUCVCYCPő$KUC0QPC0QPCVWP ő$CPIOCPCWCPIMGODCNKCPP[C!ŒVCP[C LWMMCP UC[C UVCUKWP!Œ VCODCJP[C NCIK FG +FGU UCCV OGTGMC UWFCJ UCORCK FK UVCUKWP PICP UWUWPCP DCJCUC [CPI MCECW ő;GU  'PVCJUGPICLCCVCWVKFCMWCPIRGODC[CTCP [GUŒUCJWV0WPWő#J0W6KFCMWUCJ FCTK $KNN[ UGDCP[CM NKOC TKDW TWRKCJ QNGJ RCMCK [GU[GUCP UGICNC 0CPVK FKC VCODCJ MGTPGV VKFCM FKMGODCNKMCP UKUCP[C 2CFCJCN VKFCM OGPIGTVKŒ UGNC +FGU UCODKN QPIMQUCPIMWVCPJCP[CUGTKDWTWRKCJ VGTUGP[WO ő.JQ  MKVC MCP OGOCPI CMCP MG TWOCJ ő,CPICPDQFQJ0GPI$KCTUCLCFKCVKFCM 7MK FCP OGPIIWPCMCP MGPFCTCCP [CPI CMCP OGPIGTVKŒ MCVC MGTPGV KVW UGVGPICJ UCOCŒ MKNCJ 0WPW ő$KUC!Œ VCP[C QTCPI DGTDKUKM ő'ORCV TKDW DCIK FKC VKFCM DGTCTVK CUKPI KVW NCIK -GNKJCVCPP[C KC VKFCM UCDCT CRCCRCŒMCVCMGTPGVKVWNCIK 8QLW3HULVWLZD

38 Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs. ő6KFCM $CPI 2QMQMP[C #DCPI JCTWU ő9GNNMCNCWVKFCMOCW6KFCMOCUCNCJOGODGTKMCP MGODCNKCP QTCPI KVWŒ UGTW VGTKOC MCUKJ 5CORCK LWORC Œ MCVC 2CM+FGU $KNN[ 5OKVJ UCODKN OGOCUWMMCP MGODCNK WCPIP[C ő*CK MGEKNMGEKN DGTCPK OGPICVWT [C!&CUCT EGTGYGVŒ DGPVCM MGTPGV UCODKN OG 5GRGTIK $KNN[ 5OKVJ +FGU FCP PWPW MGOP[QFQTMCPWCPIMGODCNKCPUGDCP[CMGORCV DCNKDGTRCPFCPICPTKDW0CFCUWCTCP[CVGTFGPFCTUCPICVMGUCN9CLCJP[C EGODGTWV UGRGTVK UGQTCPI CPCM ő5GRWNWJ TKDW 0W -CVC +FGU ő-GPCRC[CPIMGJKNCPICPOCKPCPMGUC[CPICPP[C VKFCMMKVCCODKN!Œ ő0CJ DGIKVW FQPI $CPI $WMC GORCV ő;C MGPCRC VKFCM MKVC VGTKOC RGODGTKCPTKDWP[CVCRKLWLWTP[C$CPIŒ 2CM $KNN[ KVW [C &GU !Œ UWCTC 0WPW VGT FGPICT OGP[GUCN ő-COW [CPI ő#JFCUCTEGTGYGVŒRQVQPIMGTPGVUCO OGPQNCMP[C 0WŒ MKNCJ +FGU ő;C  CMWDKN DGTNCNW OGPIGLCT OQDKN [CPI UWFCJ VCFK DKNCPI PQ  PQ  *CDKU CMW IWIWRCICMLCWJOGPKPIICNMCPP[C &GUŒ MCVC 0WPW ő;C UWFCJNCJ $WMCP TG\GMK MKVC 0WŒ JKDWT +FGU ő#J VGTP[CVC 2CM $KNN[ OGPGTKOC WCPI [CPI FK DKECTC DCJCUC +PIITKU KVW OCJCN [C &GU!ŒUQFQTMCP KVW 5GUCCV MGOWFKCP KC RWP ő/CJCN DCICKOCPC!Œ VCP[C +FGU VKFCMOGPICODKN FQORGV FCP OGPIGNWCTMCP OGPIGTVK ő$KECTC PQ FWC MCNK UCLC MKVCUGNGODCT WCPI UGRWNWJ TKDWCP ő+PK VCPFC MGJKNCPICP UGRWNWJ TKDW TWRKCJŒ UCJWVVGTKOC MCUKJ UC[C MGRCFC MCNKCP Œ 0WPW ő#J MCOW KPK CFCCFC UCLCŒ MCVCMCVCP[C MGOWFKCP OGP[QFQTMCP WCPI KVW +FGUUCODKNVGTVCYCMG CTCJ 0WPW FCP +FGU 5GUCCV MGFWCP[CUCNKPIDGTRCPFCPICP 5CORCK FK TWOCJ 7MK +FGU FCP PWPW OGPEGTKVCMCPMGLCFKCPVGTUGDWV7MKVGTVCYC ő0QPQŒMCVC0WPWCMJKTP[C UCORCK VGTRKPIMCNRKPIMCN ;C DGTEGTKVC ő6KFCM DCP[CM +PK VGTKOC MCUKJ UC[C MG MCNCWPQKVWOCJCNRCFC MCNKCP UWFCJ OGPICPVCT FCP OGPGOCPK UC[C UCORCK UVCUKWP Œ MCVCP[C *KMOCV5WFLCPC-WORWNCP%GTKVC#PCMNCIKFGPICPUWUWPCPMCVC[CPIUGOTCYWV ő0QPQŒUCJWV0WPWNCIK  %GTKVC FK CVCU OGPCTKM! 5WFCJMCJ MCOW OGOCJCOK KUK EGTKVC 0Q KVW /CJCN!7PVWMFCRCVOGOCJCOKMCOWJCTWUVCJWWPUWTWPUWT[CPIOGODCPIWPEGTKVCKVW-GIKCVCPDGTKMWVP[CCFCNCJOGPIKFGPVKHKMCUKWPUWTEGTKVC[CPIDCTWUCLCMCOWDCEC  /GPIKFGPVKHKMCUK7PUWT%GTKVC#PCM  5GOWC MCT[C UCUVTC OGOKNKMK WPUWT EGTKVC 7PUWT EGTKVC KPK DKCUC FKUGDWV UGDCICKWPUWT KPVTKPUKM MCT[C UCUVTC 7PUWT KPVTKPUKM VGTFKTK FCTK CRC UCLC! .GDKJ NCPLWV RGTJCVKMCPRGVKMCPDGTKMWVő$KUC0QPC0QPCVWPLWMMCPUC[CUVCUKWP!ŒVCODCJP[CNCIKFGPICPUWUWPCPDCJCUC[CPIMCECWő;GU[GUŒUCJWV0WPW &CTKRGVKMCPFKCVCUCRC[CPIDKUCMCOWFCRCV!;CCFCVQMQJ[CPIDGTPCOC0WPW6QMQJ 0WPW OGOKNKMK UKHCV RGPQNQPI /GPICRC VQMQJ 0WPW FKMCVCMCP RGPQNQPI!-CTGPC MGVKMC CFC UGUGQTCPI OGOKPVC VQNQPI OGPWPLWMMCP UVCUKWP 0WPW OGPICVCMCP[GU [CPI CTVKP[C DGTUGFKC &CTK RGVKMCP KPK MKVC OGPFCRCVMCP PCOC VQMQJ UGMCNKIWUYCVCMP[C 8QLW3HULVWLZD

Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs. 39 2GTJCVKMCPRGVKMCPDGTKMWV ,CNCPCPDGIKVWTCOCKFGTWOGUKPOQDKNFCPOQVQTUCNKPIDGTUCJWVCP+FGUFCP 0WPWMGODCNKOWPFWTDCVCNWPVWMOGP[GDGTCPILCNCP #RC [CPI MCOW FCRCV FCTK RGVKMCP FK CVCU! ;C MCOW OGPFCRCVMCP NCVCT VGORCV .CVCTVGORCVRGTKUVKYCKPKCFCNCJFKRKPIIKTLCNCP#RCDWMVKP[C!$WMVKP[CCFCNCJDCVCN WPVWMOGP[GDTCPI 5GNCKP WPUWT VQMQJ YCVCM FCP NCVCT CFC WPUWT NCKP FCNCO EGTKVC [CKVW CNWT RGUCP VGOC FCP UWFWV RCPFCPI #NWT CFCNCJ TCPIMCKCP RGTKUVKYC [CPI VGTLCFK DGTFCUCTMCP JWDWPICP UGDCD CMKDCV 2GUCP CFCNCJ UGUWCVW JCN MGDCKMCP [CPI KPIKP FKUCORCKMCP RGPWNKU MGRCFC RGODCEC 5WFWV RCPFCPI CFCNCJ ECTC UVTCVGIK CVCW UKCUCV [CPI UGECTC UGPICLCFKRKNKJWPVWMOGP[CORCKMCPICICUCPP[C  0CJDGTFKUMWUKNCJFGPICPVGOCPUGDCPIMWOW,CYCDNCJRGTVCP[CCPRGTVCP[CCPDGTKMWV  $CICKOCPCCYCNEGTKVC0WPWFCP+FGUDGTVGOW2CM$KNN[!  $CICKOCPCRGTLCNCPCP0WPW+FGUFCP2CM$KNN[MGUVCUKWP!  #RC[CPIFKDGTKMCP2CM$KNN[MGRCFC0WPWFCP+FGU!  2GTDWCVCPDCKMCRC[CPIDKUCMKVCEQPVQJFCTKVQMQJ0WPWFCP+FGU!  2GPWNKUEGTKVCCPCMFKCVCUOGPIIWPCMCPMCVCICPVKQTCPIMGDGTCRC! /GPWNKU-GODCNK*CUKN+FGPVKHKMCUK 6WNKUMGODCNKJCUKNFKUMWUKMCNKCPFKDWMWVWICU %QPVQJ    0WPWFCP+FGUJGPFCMOGP[GDTCPILCNCP&KCFKUCRCUGUGQTCPI  5GUGQTCPIKVWCFCNCJRCM$KNN[5OKVJ2CM$KNN[OGOKPVCFKVWPLWMMCP  LCNCPMGUVCUKWP  AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA  AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA  AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA  AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA  AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA  AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA  AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA  AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA  AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA    8QLW3HULVWLZD

40 Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs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

Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs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ontoh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

42 Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs. Contoh 2  .DU\DNX'LKDQFXUNDQ 6LDQJLQLEHJLWXSDQDV 6HSDQDVKDWLNX 6HPXDNDU\DNXJDJDONXLNXWNDQORPED 6HPXDNDUHQDNHFHURERKDQNX 6HGLK 'DQVDNLWKDWLLQL 6DKDEDWNXWHODKPHQLSXNX 'LDDPELONDU\DNXGDQGLUXVDNNDQQ\D -DKDWVHNDOL .XWDNPHQJLUDGHPLNLDQ $NXEHJLWXSHUFD\DGLD 6HGLK .HFHZD 'LWHUDVVHNRODKDNXPHQDQJLVVHMDGLQ\D 7DNDGD\DQJSHGXOL 6HPXDWHODKJDJDO 7DNDGD\DQJPHQJHUWL %HWDSDKDELVWHQDJDNXXQWXNNDU\DLWX )HEUXDUL :,%GLSHUDGXDQNX  Contoh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

Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs. 43 /GPIKFGPVKHKMCUK%CVCVCP*CTKCP   &KUMWUKMCPFGPICPVGOCPUGDCPIMWOWJCNJCNDGTKMWV  2GTKUVKYCCRC[CPIFKVWNKUFCNCOECVCVCPJCTKCPFKCVCU  /GPCTKMMCJRGTKUVKYCRGTKUVKYC[CPIFKEGTKVCMCPFCNCOECVCVCPJCTKCPFKCVCU!  -CRCPRGTKUVKYCRGTKUVKYCKVWVGTLCFK  $CICKOCPCRGTKUVKYCRGTKUVKYCKVWDKUCVGTLCFK  $CICKOCPCDCJCUCFCNCOECVCVCPJCTKCP  #RCUCLC[CPIJCTWUCFCFCNCOECVCVCPJCTKCP  #RCUCLCHWPIUKECVCVCPJCTKCP    /GPWNKU%CVCVCP*CTKCP  /GPWNKU ECVCVCP JCTKCP KVW OWFCJ -COW FCRCV OGOWNCK FGPICP OGPWNKUMCP MGIKCVCP UGJCTKJCTKOW $CJCUC [CPI MCOW IWPCMCP UGDCKMP[C [CPI GMURTGUKH $CICKOCPC DCJCUC GMURTGUKH KVW! $CJCUC GMURTGUKH CFCNCJ VKFCM VGTKMCV FGPICP CVWTCP MGDCJCUCCPOGPIIWPCMCPIC[CDCJCUCOGPCTKMFCPKPFCJOCORWOGPIICODCTMCP RGTCUCCP ICICUCP FCP OCMUWF MKVC -COW FCRCV OGOCJCOK DCJCUC ECVCVCP JCTKCP FCTKMGVKICEQPVQJECVCVCPJCTKCPFKCVCU  -GTLCNCJJCNJCNDGTKMWV  6GPVWMCPUCVWRGTKUVKYCOGPCTKM[CPIRGTPCJMCOWCNCOK  $CICKOCPCRGTCUCCPOWMGVKMCOGPICNCOKJCNKVW!  -CRCPRGTKUVKYCKVWVGTLCFK!  5KCRCUCLC[CPIVGTNKDCVFCNCORGTKUVKYCKVW!  6WNKUNCJUGDWCJECVCVCPJCTKCPDGTFCUCTMCPMGGORCVLCYCDCPFKCVCU  5KNCMCPOGOKNKJDGPVWMECVCVCPJCTKCP6GPVW[CPIRCNKPIMCOWUWMC  6WICU4WOCJ  2GTIKNCJMGVQMQDWMW$GNKNCJUCVWDWMWFKCTK  %CVCVNCJUGVKCRRGTKUVKYC[CPIMCOWCNCOKFCNCODWMWFKCTK  ,CPICPNWRCOGPWNKUMCPVCPIICNJCTKYCMVWFCPVGORCVRGTKUVKYCKVW VGTLCFK $GNKNCJ6UWCNVKWUNDCWJMFWGPFIKCCTPKTCRKFCPDCJCUC[CPIGMURTGUKH   8QLW3HULVWLZD