Baikhari Nepali Book class 6

%= Ps jfSodf pQ/ lbgx' f];\\ M -s_ ;fgLn] u|fxsnfO{ s] s] n}hfgx' f];\\ elG5g\\ < -v_ cª\\snn] u'nfkm / nfnLu'/fF;sf] slt ?k}ofF ltg'{eof] < -u_ cª\\snn] xf?gleq s] n's]sf] kfpge' of] < -3_ xf?gsf] unf lsg cj?4 xG' 5 < -ª_ xf?gsf a'afsf] :ju{jf; s;/L ePsf] /x]5 < ^= kf7sf] cfwf/df tnsf jfSox¿sf] qmd ldnfpg'xf];\\ M - _ cª\\snn] ;fgLnfO{ ltdL k9\\g hfFlbgf} eg]/ ;f]Wg' - _ ;fgLn] cfk\"meGbf xf?g a9L ldlxg]tL 5 egL atfpg' - ! _ Pp6L ;fgL s]6L dlGb/glhs} km\" n / k|;fb a]Rg a:g' - _ tLg hgf dfG5] cfP/ k\"mnx¿ lsGg' - _ ;fgLn] cfkm\" kfFr sIffdf k9\\g] s/' f atfpg' - _ cª\\snn] ;fgL ldlxg]tL egL k|z+;f ug'{ - _ xf?gsf] d/' nLsf] w'g dg kg{' - _ cª\\snn] s;/L xf]djs{ u5\\of}{ egL ;f]Wg' - _ cª\\snn] xf?gdf k|ltef n's]sf] b]Vg' - _ :sn' hfg] s'/fn] xf?g v;' L xg' ' - _ ;do ldnfP/ u5{' eGg' - _ xf?g :sn' hfg kfpg] ePkl5 ;fgL klg v;' L x'g' - _ ;a} hgfn] xf?gsf] d/' nLsf] w'g ;G' g' - _ xf?gnfO{ cª\\snn] k9\\g] Joj:yf ldnfpg' &= ;fgLn] xf?gnfO{ u/]sf] ;xofu] l7s 5 ls 5g} < cfºgf ts{ lbgx' f];\\ . jv} /L sIff ^ 197

n]vfO != …xf?gsf] d'/nLÚ kf7sf cfwf/df pQ/ nV] g'xf;] \\ M -s_ /fd'n] cª\\snnfO{ ;fgL;Fu s] eg]/ kl/ro u/fP < -v_ xf?g s;/L a];xf/f ePsf] /x]5 < -u_ cª\\sn s] s:tf sfd ug{'xF'bf] /x]5 < -3_ ;fgL lsg /f]PsL xg' \\ < -ª_ wGg ;fgLh:tf ;fyLx¿ kfPsf] 5' / of] ;;+ f/ /dfOnf] nfU5 . of] jfSo xf?gn] lsg eg]sf x'g\\ < @= …xf?gsf] d'/nLÚ kf7sf cfwf/df xf?gnfO{ ;a}eGbf a9L ;xofu] ug{] sf] xfn] f < ts{ lbP/ Ps cgR' 5]bdf n]Vgx' f;] \\ M #= a9fP/ bzkGw| jfSodf nV] g'xf;] \\ M -s_ cfºgf] sfd ug{ slxNo} cN5L dfGgx' F'b}g . -v_ xfd|} dn' 'sdf klg y'k|} gfd sxlnPsf b[li6ljxLg ufosuflosfx¿ 5g\\ . $= kf7 x]/]/ ;j+ fb k\"/f ug'x{ f];\\ M -s_ clg dnfO{ Tof] ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ dg k¥of] . lslglbgx' f];\\ g . -v_ cª\\sn † deGbf emg\\ xf?g bfO lgs} ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ 5g\\ . -u_ ;fgn] ltd|f] va' } ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ul/g\\ -3_ xf?g † ltdLnfO{ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ahfpg ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ l;sfPsf] xf] . -ª_ xf?g † ltdL ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ l;Sg ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ k9\\g rfxG5f} < -r_ clg hfge' Gbf ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ clGtd k6s ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ahfOlbg'xf];\\ g . 198 j}v/L sIff ^

%= tnsf] cg'R5b] df}g jfrg ugx'{ f]; / lgDg k|Zgsf] pQ/ lbgx' f;] \\ M ;xof]u / c;xof]u w]/} klxnfsf] s/' f xf] . Tolt a]nf hLjhGt' / 9ª' \\uf, df6f]h:tf kbfy{x¿ klg dfG5]h:t} af]Ng ;Sy] /] . To;} ;dodf Ps 7fpFdf 9ª' \\uf / df6fsf] /fd|f] d]n lyof] . pgLx¿sf] ldqtf b]v]/ c¿nfO{ O{iof{ g} nfUYof] . pgLx¿ Psn] csf{nfO{ ;xof]u uy]{ . Pp6fsf] ;xf/f csf{nfO{ ldn]sf] lyof] . Ps /ft 7n' f] jiff{ eof] . 9ª' \\ufn] df6fnfO{ lyr]/ arfof] . df6fn] klg 9'ª\\ufnfO{ ;dft]/ /fVof] . /xFbf a:bf 9'ª\\ufnfO{ df6f]eGbf cfk\"m alnof] ePsf] 3dG8 k}bf eof] . df6fnfO{ klg cfkm\" 9ª' \\ufeGbf 7n' f] xF' eGg] 3dG8 hfUof] . pgLx¿ emu8f ug{ yfn] . Psn] csf{nfO{ c;xof]u ug{ yfn] . pgLx¿ Psn] eg]sf] csf{n] dfGg klg 5f8] . ba' }lar af]nrfn / ;fy;xof]u aGb eof] . csf]{ lbg 3g3f]/ kfgL k¥of] . kfgLn] df6fnfO{ aufP/ nUof] . 9'ª\\uf] klN6P/ 6q' mf6'qmf eof] . Pstf / ;xof]usf] cefjdf ba' }sf] ;j{gfz eof] . kZ| gx¿ -s_ dflysf] 5f]6f] syfaf6 kfFr cf]6f jfSodf syfsf] ;f/ n]Vgx' f];\\ . -v_ dflysf] 5f]6f] syfsf] klxnf] cgR' 5]b >l' tn]vg ug'{xf];\\ . >l' tn]vg kl5 cfkm}F lstfa x]/]/ k/LIf0f ug{'xf];\\ . -u_ dflysf] syfaf6 kfFr cf]6f k|Zg agfpg'xf];\\ . ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ -3_ dflysf] syfnfO{ ldNg] tLg cf]6f lrq agfpg'xf];\\ . jv} /L sIff ^ 199

zAbe08f/ != tnsf cy{;Fu ldNg] zAb kf7df 5g\\ vfh] ]/ nV] gx' f];\\ M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ Ö dlGb/ cf;kf;sf] 7fpF ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ Ö /fd|f u'0fx¿n] a9fO{r9fO{ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ Ö ljz]if vfnsf] Ifdtf ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ Ö ulx/f] u/L x]g'{ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ Ö /fd|f] k|ltef ePsf ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ Ö lg/fzf ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ Ö af]Ng, rNg g;Sg] cj:yf @= kf7df cGo efiffaf6 cfPsf zAb 5g\\ . tL sg' efiffaf6 cfPsf xg' \\ < k9g\\ 'xf];\\ M b[li6 – ;:+ s[t k|z+;f – ;+:s[t kl/;/ – ;+:s[t va' } – kmf/;L cª\\sn – cª\\u|]hL a]; – kmf/;L glhs – kmf/;L k;n – g]jf/L xf]djs{ – cª\\u|]hL #= tnsf zAbx¿ s'g efiffaf6 cfPsf /x]5g\\ k9\\g'xf;] \\ M ‰ofn – g]jf/L 8Dkm' – tfdfª v'kf{ – u'?ª aVv' – z]kf{ /f8L – du/ k}gL – d}lynL bf]sfg – c/aL k};f – kmf/;L k]6«f]n – cª\\u|]hL /]:6'/]G6 – k|m]Gr u'G8f – t]nu' cfk; – lxGbL rfprfp – lrlgof xf]G8f – hfkfgL d'Gwd' – ls/fFtL $= …xf?gsf] d/' nLÚ kf7df ko| fu] ePsf kfFr cf]6f cª\\u|h] L efiffsf zAbx¿ n]Vg'xf;] \\ M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ %= tkfOFn{ ] vfh] s] f cEof; $ sf zAbx¿ k|ofu] u/L jfSo agfpg'xf;] \\ . ^= kf7df tnsf cgs] fyL{ zAb ko| f]u ePsf 5g\\ . tL zAbn] lbg] cy{ k9\\g'xf];\\ M ‰ofndf nufOg] sk8f cfjfh ;o+ f]hs kbf{ w'g t/ cfkm\" n] a]xf]bf{ ;kmf ug{ tg]{ sfd u/ jif{ a]x'nf] d]l;g ;fn j/ sn Ps ?v ljz]if ?v ljz]if emu8f esG' 8f] uf]n vf]Ng] sfd l9kL vf]n s/ /fh:j uf]nf] aflx/L af]qmf] 200 jv} /L sIff ^

Jofs/0f / j0fl{ jGof; != tnsf jfSo k'lnª\\u eP :qLlnª\\u / :qLlnªu\\ eP kl' nª\\udf abNgx' f];\\ M -s_ gfosn] uLt ufof] . ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ -v_ efGhL syf n]lV5g\\ . ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ -u_ e]8f] le/df rb}{ 5 . ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ -3_ d]/L ;fgL 5f]/L 1fgL 5] . ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ -ª_ xfd|f aa' f kf]v/f hfg'eof] . ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ @= tnsf jfSonfO{ axj' rgdf abNg'xf;] \\ M -s_ efO 3/df a:5 . ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ -v_ d]/L 5f]/L 5 sIffdf k9\\5] . ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ -u_ Tof] s]6f] cUnf] 5 . ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ -3_ ltdLn] lrq agfof} . ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ -ª_ ;fgf] efO kf]v/fdf k9\\5 . ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ #= tnsf jfSonfO{ cfb/sf cfwf/df kl/jtg{ ug{'xf;] \\ M -s_ t 3/ hf . -pRr cfb/ – tkfO{F_ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ -v_ tkfO{F d]/f] 3/ cfpgx' f];\\ . -pRrt/ cfb/ M xh/' _ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ -u_ ltdL stf uof} < -cgfb/– tF_ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ -3_ d klg cfpF5' . -cgfb/ – Tof]_ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ -ª_ To;n] dnfO{ lrGof] . -;fdfGo cfb/ – ltdL_ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ -r_ ltdLx¿ v]N5f}F . -pRr cfb/ – tkfO{Fx¿_ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ j}v/L sIff ^ 201

$= tnsf] cgR' 5]bnfO{ ;fdfGo cfb/fyL{ jfSodf kl/jt{g ug{'xf];\\ M t}Fn] dnfO{ lrlg;\\ . d}n] tFnfO{ kf]xf]/ ;fn e]6]sf] lyPF . tF kfFr sIffdf k9\\b} lyO;\\ . t]/f cIf/ g/fd|f lyP . clxn] t t]/f cIf/ klg /fd|f eP5g\\ . ca klg tF o;/L g} k|ult ub}{ hf . tFnfO{ d]/f] z'esfdgf 5 . ltdLn] dnfO{ lrGof} .ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ %= sf]i7ssf ;ªs\\ t] cg';f/ jfSo kl/jt{g ug'x{ f];\\ M -s_ Tof] s]6f] ot} cfof] . -axj' rg_ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ -v_ ;fgL alxgL /fd|f] k9\\5] . -k'lnª\\u_ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ -u_ eg]sf] /fd|/L ;'g . -;fdfGo cfb/_ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ -3_ ltgLx¿ ot} cfpFb} 5g\\ . -Psjrg_ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ -ª_ cfdf cfpg'eof] . -kl' nª\\u_ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ -r_ tkfOxF{ ¿ sxfF hfg nfUge' of] < -cgfb/_ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ^= tnsf zAb k9g\\ 'xf;] \\ M hª\\un uª\\uf 9'ª\\uf rª\\uf c~rn k~r ;~rf/ ;~rfng u08sL 306L b08 d08k kGgf cGg vGg] ;Gtfg hDdf sDd/ cDaf vDaf ;;+ f/ ;o+ f]u x;+ c+z &= dfly ^ df n]lvPsf zAb ;fg'x{ f];\\ M cfwf …ªÚ cfwf …`Ú cfwf …0fÚ cfwf …gÚ cfwf …dÚ lz/laGb' ePsf ePsf ePsf ePsf ePsf nfus] f ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ 202 j}v/L sIff ^

;d\"xdf efiff != sIffdf kfrF kfrF hgfsf] ;dx\" agfpgx' f;] \\ . ca Ps hgfn] ;as} f] kfnf] afwF /] xf?gsf] d/' nL clego ug{] kfnf] afwF /] sfoq{ md ;~rfng ugx{' f;] \\ . @= pxL ;dx\" df cfºgf] bz] , cfºgf] ufp,F cfºgf] 7fp,F cfºgf] df6f] cfºg} xG' 5 . csfs{ f] bz] , csfs{ f] 7fp,F csfs{ f] ;:+ sf/ csfs{ } xG' 5 . To;n} ] xfdf| ] bz] sf /fdf| kIfsf af/d] f 5nkmn u//] bz cf6] f abF' f agfpgx' f;] \\ . ca tL abF' f sg' } Ps hgfn] cufl8 uP/ k9g\\ x' f;] \\ . c¿n] ;G' gx' f;] \\ M != ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ @= ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ #= ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ $= ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ %= ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ^= ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ &= ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ *= ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ (= ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ !)= ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ j}v/L sIff ^ 203

l;hg{ f÷n3' kl/of]hgf != ;'gfO kf7 h:t} xfdLn] Ps csfn{ fO{ ;xofu] ug{k' 5{ eGg] ljifodf bO' { hgfsf] 5f6] f] ;j+ fb nV] g'xf];\\ M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ 204 j}v/L sIff ^

kf7– !% l;x M s]xL tYo jv} /L sIff ^ 205

k\"jk{ 7g k\"j{k7g s] tkfO{FnfO{ yfxf 5 < õ dfG5]sf] cf}F7f5fk h:t} la/fnfsf] gfssf] 5fk csf]{ sg' } la/fnf;Fu ldNb}g . õ dfG5]sf] h:t} 8lNkmgn] klg Pscsf{nfO{ gfdn] af]nfpg ;S5g\\ . õ kt' nLn] v'6\\6fsf] dfWodaf6 :jfb rfV5g\\ . õ d;' f] xfF:g ;S5 . hflg/fVg'kg]{ s]xL zAbfy{x¿ k|hflt M Pp6} dn\" leqsf ;;fgf hflt :j¿k M cfs[ltÙ hg' ;'s} ljifo jf j:ts' f] cfsf/Ù cgx' f/ lgoGqs M lgoGq0f ug]{ ofn M l;+x, 3f]8f cflbsf ub{gdf knfpg] nfdfnfdf afSnf eT' nfÙ hu/ k|tLs M lrx\\gÙ lg;fgf gt] T[ j M cuj' fn] ug]{ sfo{ l;x+ fjnfs] g M l;+xn] em}F kl5lNt/ kms]{/ x]g]{ sfd 3|f0fzlSt M ;F'£g] zlSt ljr/0f M 3d' lkm/ b|'tt/ M rfF8f]eGbf rfF8f] 206 j}v/L sIff ^

;'gfO / afn] fO !  !% ;'Gg'xf];\\ / tnsf k|f0fLx¿sf] gfd tflnsfdf ldNg] u/L eg'{xf];\\ M 9f8 ePsf k|f0fL 9f8 gePsf k|f0fL ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ @=  !% ;'g/] l7sal] 7s n]Vg'xf];\\ M -s_ dfG5] 9f8 ePsf] k|f0fL xf] . ÒÒÒÒÒÒ -v_ r/f 9f8 ePsf] k|f0fL xf] . ÒÒÒÒÒÒ -u_ l;x+ :tgwf/L hLj xf]Og . ÒÒÒÒÒÒ -3_ :tgwf/L k|f0fLsf] z/L/df /f}F jf e'Tnf x'G5g\\ . ÒÒÒÒÒÒ -ª_ x\\j]n / rd]/f] :tgwf/L k|f0fL xf]Ogg\\ . ÒÒÒÒÒÒ -r_ :tgwf/L k|f0fLsf] bfFt / Ps hf]8f aflx/L sfg x'G5g\\ . ÒÒÒÒÒÒ -5_ :tgwf/L k|f0fLn] aRrfnfO{ b'w r';fpF5g\\ . ÒÒÒÒÒÒ #= ;a}n] kfFr kfFr cf]6f kf| 0fLsf gfd eGg'xf;] \\ -k|f0fLsf gfd bfx] f]l/g'xFb' g} ._ . jv} /L sIff ^ 207

k9fO l;+x M sx] L tYo la/fnf] † xfd}| 3/ jl/kl/ b]lvg] k|f0fL . xf], ToxL la/fnf]sf] Pp6f k|hflt xf]– l;+x . To;f] t la/fnf] k|f0fLx¿sf] To:tf] Pp6f ju{ xf]– h;cGtu{t l;+x, af3 / lrtj' f, lgufn], jg 9f8], cGo 3/]n' la/fnfx¿ nufotsf w]/} k|f0fLx¿ kb{5g\\ . l;x+ n] cfºgf] :j¿k / zlStn] dflg;nfO{ xhf/f}F jif{b]lv cfslif{t / df]lxt kfb}{ NofPsf] 5 . cfheGbf tLgrf/ xhf/ jif{cufl8sf] OlhK6df l;+xnfO{ kljq k|f0fLsf] ¿kdf k\"hf ul/GYof] . To; ;dosf OlhK6af;Lx¿ ;;+ f/s} nfdf] gbL gfOndf cfpg] af9Lsf] lgoGqs l;+xnfO{ 7fGby] . To;}n] l;+xsf] kh\" f u/]df gfOn gbLdf cgfjZos af9L gcfpg] / gfOn gbLaf6 l;FrfO xg' ] v]tx¿df afnL ;k|g] ljZjf; ub{y] . gfOn ;Eotfafx]s cGo ;Eotfdf klg l;x+ nfO{ ;o\" {;Fu ;DalGwt ul/Psf] kfOG5 . To:tf ;Eotfdf l;x+ sf] ;'gf}nf] ofnnfO{ ;\"o{sf] ls/0fsf] k|tLs dflgGYof] / l;x+ nfO{ zlSt / g]t[Tjsf] k|tLs dflgGYof] . l;x+ nfO{ zlSt / pRrtfsf] dfq xf]Og, axfb'/L, b/\" blz{tf, ;fx; / pT;fxsf] k|tLs klg dflgG5 . t/, d];f]kf]6fldofsf cl;l/og /fhjz+ df eg] l;x+ nfO{ df/]kl5 dfq ;xL /fhf x'g ;lsG5 eGg] ljZjf; lyof] . pgLx¿ l;+xnfO{ dfg{ ;s] l;+xsf] an / ;fx; cfkm\"df ;g]{ ljZjf; ub{y] . To;}n] /fhf aGg rfxg] cl;l/ogx¿ l;+xsf] l;sf/ ug{ lg:sGy] . l;+x k|hfltsf nflu of] be' f{Uos} s/' f lyof] . ;d\"xdf lxF88'n ug{ ?rfpg] l;x+ cfºgf] zlSt / kl/l:yltnfO{ lrGg ;Sg] k|f0fL xf] . To;}n] l;+xn] l;sf/sf] vf]hdf lg:s]/ cufl8 a9\\b} hfFbf klg lglZrt b/' Ldf ku' ]kl5 k5fl8 kms]{/ x]b{5 . o;/L cl3 a9\\b} hfFbf cfkm\"n] lxF8]sf] af6f] / kl/l:yltnfO{ x]g{] sfdnfO{ 208 j}v/L sIff ^

l;+xfjnf]sg elgG5 . l;+xaf6 dflg;n] klg cfºgf] hLjgofqfsf] l;x+ fjnf]sg ug]{ s'/f l;Sg'kb{5 . la/fnf] ju{sf ;a} k|hfltx¿ h:t} l;x+ n] lgs} cFWof/f]df klg cfºgf] l;sf/nfO{ b]Vb5 . o;sf] cfjfh ;G' g] zlSt / cfjfh lgsfNg] zlSt klg cToGt w]/} xG' 5 . t/ la/fnf] ju{sf cGo ;a} k|hflt h:t} o;sf] klg 3|f0fzlSt lgs} sdhf]/ xG' 5 . t}klg p;leqsf] x/]; gvfg] u'0f / kl/l:yltnfO{ ae' m]/ cfqmd0f ug]{ l;ksf sf/0f pm l;sf/sf qmddf ;kmn xG' 5 . l;x+ nf]kf]Gd'v k|f0fL xf] . o;sf] d'Vo a;f]af; If]q clk|msf xf] t/ ef/t h:tf Pl;ofnL b]zdf klg ;Lldt ;ª\\Vofdf kfOG5 . of] krf; dfOn k|lt306fsf b/n] bf}8g ;S5 t/ o:tf] bf}8fO 5f]6f] ;do;Dd dfq sfod /xG5 . hldgaf6 5lQ; lkm6 dfly;Dd pk|mg ;Sg] of] hgfj/ lbgdf la; 306f;Dd ;T' g ;S5 . l;+xnfO{ hª\\unsf] /fhf elgG5 t/ of] ;a} hª\\undf kfOFb}g . of] d'VotM 3f;F ] db} fg tyf ;Dd k/s] f t/fOs{ f kmf6F tyf emf8Lx¿df ljr/0f ug{ dg k/fp5F . ks| l[ tsf] sfvdf /dfpbF } /fh ug{] l;x+ nfO{ dflg;afxs] cGo sg' } klg kf| 0fLn] l;sf/ ubg{} . dflg;sf] l;sf/ ug{] ;fv] / bt'| t/ ultdf al9/xs] f] jgljgfzn] ks| l[ tsf] ;G' b/ pkxf/ l;x+ nfk] xg' ] cj:yfdf kl' u;ss] f] 5. jv} /L sIff ^ 209

k9fO != dflysf] kf7 dgdg} k9\\g'xf;] \\ / hf8] f ldnfpg'xf];\\ M l;+x ™ cfkm\"n] lxF8]sf] af6f] / kl/l:yltnfO{ k5fl8 kms]{/ lgofNg] sfd gfOn ™ l;x+ sf] l;sf/ ug{ ;Sg] Ps dfq k|f0fL l;+xfjnf]sg ™ l;x+ sf] dV' o a;f]af; xg' ] If]q clk|msf ™ la/fnf] ju{sf] Pp6f k|hflt dflg; ™ ;+;f/s} nfdf] gbL @= kf7df tnsf cª\\sx¿ s'g ;Gbe{df cfPsf 5g\\ < atfpg'xf];\\ M tLgrf/ xhf/ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ 5lQ; ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ la; ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ krf; ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ #= tnsf jfSox¿ kf7sf sg' cgR' 5]baf6 lnOPsf x'g\\ < atfpg'xf];\\ M -s_ l;x+ sf] ;'gf}nf] ofnnfO{ ;o\" {sf] k|tLs dflgGYof] . -v_ l;x+ sf] d'Vo a;f]af; If]q clk|msf xf] t/ ef/t h:tf Pl;ofnL b]zdf klg ;Lldt dfqfdf kfOG5 . -u_ l;+xnfO{ dflg;afx]s sg' } klg k|f0fLn] l;sf/ ub}{g . -3_ l;x+ sf] 3|f0fzlSt lgs} sdhf]/ xG' 5 . -ª_ d];f]kf]6fldofsf] cl;l/og /fhjz+ df l;x+ nfO{ df/]kl5 dfq ;xL /fhf x'g ;lsG5 eGg] ljZjf; lyof] . $= kf7 k9]/ l7s eP l7s n]Vgx' f;] \\ . a]l7s eP a]l7s nV] gx' f;] \\ M -s_ la/fnfsf] Pp6f k|hflt l;+x xf] . ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ -v_ OlhK6df gfon gbLdf l;+xnfO{ aln lbOGYof] . ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ -u_ OlhK6df l;+xnfO{ zlSt / g]t[Tjsf] k|tLs dflgGYof] . ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ -3_ cl;l/ogx¿ l;x+ nfO{ df/] l;x+ sf] an / ;fx; cfk\"mdf cfpF5 eGg] ljZjf; ub{y] . ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ -ª_ l;x+ n] cFWof/f]df cfºgf] l;sf/ b]Vg ;Sb}g . ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ 210 j}v/L sIff ^

%= tnsf] cg'R5]b k9/] pQ/ lbgx' f];\\ M ;dx\" df lxF88'n ug{ ?rfpg] l;+x cfºgf] zlSt / kl/l:yltnfO{ lrGg ;Sg] k|f0fL xf] . To;}n] l;+xn] l;sf/sf] vf]hdf lg:s]/ cufl8 a9\\b} hfFbf klg lglZrt b\"/Ldf ku' ]kl5 k5fl8 kms]{/ x]b{5 . o;/L cl3 a9\\b} hfFbf cfkmn\" ] lxF8]sf] af6f] / kl/l:yltnfO{ x]g{] sfdnfO{ l;x+ fjnf]sg elgG5 . l;+xaf6 dflg;n] klg cfºgf] hLjgofqfsf] l;+xfjnf]sg ug]{ s'/f l;Sgk' b{5 . k|Zgx¿ -s_ l;+x lsg PsfGtk|]dL xf]Og < ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ -v_ l;+x lglZrt b/' Ldf ku' ]kl5 s] u5{ < ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ -u_ l;+xfjnf]sg eg]sf] s] xf] < ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ -3_ dflg;n] klg hLjgofqfsf] l;+xfjnf]sg ug{'k5{ eg]sf] s] xf] < ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ -ª_ Pp6} cy{ lbg] zAb cgR' 5]baf6 vf]h]/ n]Vg'xf];\\ M an – ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ kl5 – ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ^= l;+x;DaGwL tnsf tYox¿ cfjfh lgsfn]/ k9\\gx' f];\\ M ™ efn] l;+xsf] cf};t tf}n !*) s]hL / kf]yL l;+xsf] !#) s]hL x'G5 . -xfn;Ddsf] /]s8{cg';f/ ;a}eGbf ux|f}F l;x+ sf] tf}n #&% s]hL /x]sf] 5 ._ ™ l;x+ sf] uh{g @ lsnf]ld6/;Dd ;'lgG5 . ™ efn]eGbf kf]yL l;+xx¿ l;sf/ ug{ dflx/ x'G5g\\ . ™ l;+xn] /ftdf dfG5]n] eGbf 5 ug' f a9L b]Vg ;S5 . ™ l;+xx¿ ;fdfGotM b;b]lv kGw| cf]6fsf] aufndf lxF8\\5g\\ . ™ l;x+ n] lbgdf ;f]/b]lv la; 3G6f;Dd ;t' ]/ jf cf/fd u/]/ latfpF5 . j}v/L sIff ^ 211

n]vfO != kf7sf] clGtd cg'R5]b /fd|f cIf/df sfkLdf ;fg{x' f;] \\ . @= Ps jfSodf pQ/ nV] gx' f];\\ M -s_ l;+x s'g ju{sf] k|f0fL xf] < ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ -v_ OlhK6af;Lx¿ l;+xnfO{ s] ;DemGy] < ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ -u_ cl;l/ogx¿df s] ljZjf; lyof] < ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ -3_ l;+xfjnf]sg eg]sf] s] xf] < ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ -ª_ l;x+ l;sf/sf qmddf s;/L ;kmn xG' 5 < ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ -r_ l;x+ sxfF sxfF kfOG5 < ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ -5_ l;x+ s:tf] 7fpFdf 3d' lkm/ ug{ dg k/fpF5 < ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ #= lt;rfln; zAbdf pQ/ n]Vg'xf];\\ M -s_ OlhK6 / d];f]kf]6fldofdf l;x+ ;DaGwL s]s:tf] ljZjf; lyof] < -v_ l;+xsf] zf/Ll/s ljz]iftfsf af/]df n]Vgx' f];\\ . $= a9fP/ kfrF ;ft jfSodf n]Vgx' f;] \\ M -s_ l;x+ nfO{ zlSt / pRrtfsf] dfq xf]Og, axfb'/L, b\"/blz{tf, ;fx; / pT;fxsf] k|tLs klg dflgG5 . -v_ l;+xaf6 dflg;n] klg cfºgf] hLjgofqfsf] l;+xfjnf]sg ug]{ s/' f l;Sgk' 5{ . 212 j}v/L sIff ^

%= tnsf] cg'R5]b k9/] d'Vo d'Vo rf/ aFb' f nV] gx' f];\\ M l;+xn] cfºgf] :j¿k / zlStn] dflg;nfO{ xhf/f}F jif{b]lv cfslif{t / df]lxt kfb}{ NofPsf] 5 . cfheGbf tLgrf/ xhf/ jif{cufl8sf] OlhK6df l;x+ nfO{ kljq k|f0fLsf] ¿kdf kh\" f ul/GYof] . To; ;dosf OlhK6af;Lx¿ ;;+ f/s} nfdf] gbL gfOndf cfpg] af9Lsf] lgoGqs l;+xnfO{ 7fGby] . To;}n] l;+xsf] k\"hf u/]df gfOn gbLdf cgfjZos af9L gcfpg] / gfOn gbLaf6 l;FrfO x'g] v]tx¿df afnL ;k|g] ljZjf; ub{y] . gfOn ;Eotfafx]s cGo ;Eotfdf klg l;x+ nfO{ ;\"o{;Fu ;DalGwt ul/Psf] kfOG5 . To:tf ;Eotfdf l;+xsf] ;'gf}nf] ofnnfO{ ;o\" {sf] ls/0fsf] k|tLs dflgGYof] / l;x+ nfO{ zlSt / g]t[Tjsf] k|tLs dflgGYof] . -s_ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ -v_ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ -u_ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ -3_ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ^= tnsf zAbx¿ /fvL Ps Ps cf6] f jfSo agfpgx' f];\\ M :j¿k M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ;Eotf M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ k|tLs M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ kl/l:ylt M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ l;x+ fjnf]sg M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ 3|f0fzlSt M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ljr/0f M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ &== tnsf lrqx¿ x/] L la/fnfsf] af/]df ;f7L;Q/L zAbdf j0f{g ug{'xf];\\ M jv} /L sIff ^ 213

zAbe08f/ != ;dx\" s / ;d\"x v sf] hf]8f ldnfpg'xf;] \\ M sv ofn ;F'£g] zlSt l;x+ fjnf]sg rfF8f]eGbf rfF8f] 3|f0fzlSt ;+;f/s} nfdf] gbL ljr/0f l;x+ , 3f8] f cflbsf ubg{ df knfpg] nfdfnfdf eT' nf gfOn 3'dlkm/ b'|tt/ l;x+ n] em}F kl5lNt/ kms]{/ x]g] sfd @= tnsf kbfjnLn] lbg] cyd{ f 3/] f nufpgx' f];\\ M kljq k|f0fL – hª\\unL k|f0fL, rf]vf] z'4 k|f0fL gfOn ;Eotf – gfon gbL cf;kf;sf] ljsf;, gfon gbL cf;kf;sf] ljgfz ;g' f}nf] jfn – ;]tf] hu/,kx]Fnf] hu/ hLjgofqfsf] l;+xfjnf]sg – cfkm\" n] lxF8\\g] af6fsf] cjnf]sg, cfkm\" n] lxFl8;s]sf] af6fsf] cjnf]sg nf]kf]Gdv' k|f0fL – a9\\b} u/]sf] k|f0fL, 36\\b} u/]sf] k|f0fL t/fO{sf kmfF6 – t/fO{sf d}bfg, t/fO{sf le/ ;'Gb/ pkxf/ – /fd|f] pkxf/, clxts/ pkxf/ #= dflysf s'g} kfrF kbfjnLnfO{ jfSodf k|ofu] ug'x{ f;] \\ . $= tnsf kf| 0fLx¿sf] aRrfnfO{ s] elgG5 < nV] gx' f];\\ M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ 214 j}v/L sIff ^

ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ kf7f], e/' f, ª\\ofp/f], 5fjf, s]6f], rNnf, a5]8f], 8d?, af5f] %= kf7sf] t;] f| ] cgR' 5b] af6 tnsf zAbx¿sf] ljk/LtfyL{ zAb vfh] /] n]Vg'xf];\\ M gLrtf M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ unt M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ /ª\\s M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ wf]sf M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ c¿ M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ;f}efUo M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ^= tnsf zAbx¿sf] ljk/LtfyL{ zAb n]Vgx' f;] \\ M ufpF M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ hLjg M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ k]|d M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ k\"mn M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ldq M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ;fFem M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ k|frLg M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ pRr M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ;fIf/ M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ;o+ f]u M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ &= tnsf] l;+xsf] lrq x]g{'xf];\\ / p;sf cª\\usf gfd nV] g'xf];\\ . j}v/L sIff ^ 215

Jofs/0f / j0fl{ jGof; != tnsf] cg'R5]b dgdg} k9\\g'xf];\\ M d]/f] gfd ;dL/ xf] . ut zlgaf/ d lrl8ofvfgfdf uPF . d}n] lrl8ofvfgfdf w]/} hgfj/x¿ b]v]F . d}n] lrl8ofvfgfsf] Pp6f s'gfdf l;+xsf] jf;:yfg klg b]v]F . ToxfF efn] l;+x / kf]yL l;+x lyP . d}n] efn] / kf]yL l;x+ ;lhn} lrg]F . efn] l;+xsf] ofn xG' 5 . kf]yL l;x+ sf] ofn x'Fb}g . of] s'/f d}n] w]/} kqklqsfdf k9]sf] lyPF . o:tf] s'/f t 6]lnlehgsf ljleGg sfo{qmd klg x'G5g\\ lg . d 6]lnlehgdf o:t} hgfj/;DaGwL sfo{qmd x]g]{ u5{' . @= dflysf] cg'R5]bnfO{ pm jf p;n] /fv/] k'gnv{] g ug{'xf;] \\ . #= tnsf jfSox¿ sfi] 7ssf] lgbz]{ gcg;' f/ kl/jt{g ugx{' f];\\ M -s_ d ;fyLx¿;Fu v]N5' . -låtLo k'?if – tF_ -v_ tF t lxF8\\b} 5;\\ . -q[tLo k'?if – Tof]_ -u_ pgLx¿ s] ub}{ 5g\\ . -låtLo k?' if – ltdLx¿_ -3_ pm t 3/ ku' ]sL 5] . -k|yd k?' if – d_ -ª_ pgLx¿n] /fd|/L k9]sf 5g\\ . -k|yd k'?if – xfdL_ $= tnsf jfSonfO{ s/0f eP cs/0fdf / cs/0f eP s/0f jfSodf kl/jt{g ug'{xf;] \\ M -s_ pgLx¿ klg v]Ng cfpnfg\\ . -v_ Tof] t /fd|f] v]NYof] . -u_ lrl8ofvfgfdf l;x+ lyof] . -3_ cfh Tolt hf8f] gxf]nf . -ª_ p;n] dnfO{ e]6]sf] lyPg . 216 jv} /L sIff ^

%= tnsf jfSonfO{ kbof]u / kbljofu] ldnfO{ kg' n]v{ g ug{'xf;] \\ M -s_ d]/f] ;fyL n] d nfO{ p;sf] 3/ df af]nfof] . -v_ d nfO{ pHofn] lagf 3/ k5fl8 hgf 8/ nfU5 . -u_ bfh' efO, lbbL alxgL ldn]/ v]N5f}F . -3_ xfdLn] k9\\g' k5{ clg v]Ng' k5{ . &= tnsf jfSonfO{ kbljofu] u/L nV] gx' f];\\ M -s_ d}n]t l;+xs/fPsf] ;g' ]sf]5' . -v_ ltdn]eGbf d}n]w]/} l;x+ b]v]sf]5' . -u_ pmklg cfPg /dklg cfOgF . -3_ pgLx¿t lgs}af7fkf] /x]5g\\Sof/] . -ª_ ltd|f]nflu of];fdfg NofPsf]lyPF . jv} /L sIff ^ 217

;dx\" df efiff != sIffsf ;Dk0\" f{ ljBfyLx{ ¿ lzIfssf] lgb]{zgcg';f/ 5 ;dx\" df ljeflht xg' 'xf];\\ . ca, x/s] ;dx\" n] tnsf kf| 0fLdWo] sg' } Pp6f k|f0fLsf af/d] f 5nkmn ug{x' f;] \\ . -s'g ;dx\" n] s'g k|f0fLsf af/]df 5nkmn ug]{ eGg] s'/f lzIfsn] uf]nfky| fåf/f to ug{'x'g]5 . 5nkmnsf qmddf kf| 0fLsf] jf;:yfg, cfxf/f, tfn} , /ª, cfo,' cfsf/ks| f/, ljzi] ftf cflbnfO{ cfwf/ dfGgk' g{5] ._ 5nkmndf pQm k|f0fLsf] ;/+ If0f s;/L ug{ ;lsG5 eGg] af/] klg atfpgk' g{]5 . 5nkmn ul/;s]kl5 k|To]s ;dx\" sf] Ps hgfn] 6f]nL gt] f eP/ cfºgf] ;dx\" df k/s] f] kf| 0fLsf] af/]df atfpgx' f];\\ M @= tLg tLg hgfsf] ;d\"xdf k|f0fLx¿sf] gfd n]Vg] k|lt:kwf{ ugx{' f;] \\ . lzIfsn] tfS] ge' Psf] ;Ldfleq tkfO{sF f] ;d\"xn] slt cf]6f k|f0fLsf] gfd nV] g ;Sof] < ;aeGbf a9L k|f0fLsf] gfd sg' ;dx\" n] n]Vof] < 218 jv} /L sIff ^

l;h{gf÷n3' kl/ofh] gf != tnsf] vfnL 7fpFdf tkfOn{F fO{ dg kg{] hgfj/sf] lrq agfpgx' f;] \\ cyjf sta} f6 vfh] /] 6f:F g'xf];\\ . ca pSt hgfj/sf af/]df ;Q/L krxQ/ zAbdf j0fg{ ugx{' f;] \\ M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ @= tkfO{sF f] a:tL jf ufp6F fn] df kfOg] sDtLdf la; cf]6f kf| 0fLx¿sf] ;\"rL agfpgx' f;] \\ . ca tL k|f0fLdWo] sg' } kfrF cf6] f k|f0fLsf] lrq sta} f6 vf]h/] 6fF;L -sfkLdf_ ltgsf af/d] f rf/kfFr jfSo nV] gx' f];\\ . jv} /L sIff ^ 219

220 jv} /L sIff ^

kf7– !^ Odfgbf/Lsf] hfFr jv} /L sIff ^ 221

k\"j{k7g õ ;aeGbf kl5Nnf] k/LIffdf tkfOn{F ] kfPsf] cªs\\ ÷u|]8 n]Vgx' f;] \\ M qm=;= ljifo k0\" ff{ª\\s k|fKtfª\\s÷u|]8 hDdf hflg/fVg'kg]{ s]xL zAbfy{x¿ ul/ak/j/ M bLgbofnÙ' ul/ax¿sf] kfngkf]if0f ug]{ lahfOF M pkb|f]Ù csf{nfO{ b'Mv lbg] lsl;dn] ul/g] sfdÙ c3]{NofOF ;Gb;' M afs; c;kmL{ M ;g' sf l;SsfÙ :j0f{db' |f cfsfzjf0fL M cfsfzaf6 af]lng] af]nLÙ b]jjf0fL x;+ n] 7fpF 5f8] g\\ ' M Hofb} 8/fpgÙ' cQflng' 222 jv} /L sIff ^

;'gfO / af]nfO !=  !^ ;g' ]/ tnsf] jfSo s;n] eg]sf] xf] < nV] g'xf;] \\ M -s_ ltd|f] xf/ cxdbn] g} rf]¥of] eGg] k|df0f s] 5 xF ltdLl;t < ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ -v_ d}n] rf]/]sf] xf]Og eGg] k|df0fsf nflu d h] klg ug{ ;S5' < ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ -u_ Tof] ttfP/ /ftf] agfPsf] lrD6f x;g cfkmF} klg ;dfpg ;S5 . ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ -3_ t}Fn] grf]/]sf] eP tF lrD6f ;dfpg ;S5;\\ . ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ -ª_ d lgbf]{if 5' . ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ @=  !^ ;g' ]/ tnsf k|Zgx¿sf] pQ/ eGg'xf;] \\ M -s_ o; syfdf slt hgf kfq 5g\\ < tL sf] sf] x'g\\ < -v_ x;gn] cxdbnfO{ s]sf] cf/f]k nufPsf] 5 < -u_ cxdbn] cfºgf] arfpsf nflu s] eGof] < -3_ jL/ann] s;/L cxdb lgbf]{if 5 eGg] s'/f yfxf kfP < -ª_ ltd|f] ljrf/df c¿dfly em6' f] cf/f]k nufpg] x;g h:tf JolStnfO{ s:tf] b08 lbg'knf{ < atfpm . #= csa/ / jL/an;uF ;DalGwt w]/} syfx¿ 5g\\ . tkfO{F klg csa/ / jL/an;DaGwL Pp6f syf sIffsf ;fyLx¿nfO{ ;'gfpgx' f;] \\ . jv} /L sIff ^ 223

k9fO Odfgbf/Lsf] hfFr /d]z ljsn Ps lbg /fhf OGb|sf b/af/df c;n dflg; / v/fa dflg;sf af/]df s'/f rNof] . s:tf vfnsf dflg; c;n / Odfgbf/ x'G5g\\ eGg] s/' fsf] 5nkmn x'Fbf s;}n] ljåfg\\ dflg; c;n / Odfgbf/ xG' 5 eg], s;}n] xf]Og, s]xL ghfGg] l;wf;fwf / ;f]emf] vfnsf] dflg; Odfgbf/ / c;n xG' 5 eg] . s;}n] w]/} k};f ePsf] wgL dflg; g} Odfgbf/ x'G5 eg] . s;}n] wgL eP/ dfq xF'b}g, bfgwd{ / c;n sfd ug]{ dflg; c;n xG' 5 eg] . csf{ Ps y/Ln] rflxF a]OdfgL ug{ 8/fpg] / s;}sf] lahfOF gug]{ ul/a g} c;n / Odfgbf/ xG' 5 eg]/ eg] . s;}n] sg' } hftsf] dflg; c;n / Odfgbf/ x'G5 eg] . s;}n] csf]{ hftsf] dflg; Odfgbf/ / c;n x'G5 eg] . km]l/ s;}n] lxGb' c;n x'G5 eg] s;}n] d';ndfg Odfgbf/ x'G5 eg] . o;/L w]/}w]/}n] w]/} y/L dflg; c;n x'G5 eg], t/ Odfgbf/ / c;n dflg; oxL g} xG' 5 eg]/ sf]xL klg 6ª' \\uf]df k'Ug ;s]gg\\ . cGTodf OGb|n] Odfgbf/Lsf] hfFr ug]{ lg0f{o u/] . 224 jv} /L sIff ^

o;/L Odfgbf/Lsf] hfFr ug{ klxn] hª\\unsf] dfemdf Pp6f uk' mf agfpg] ljZjsdf{ afafnfO{ v6fP . uk' mf tof/ ePkl5 To;sf] ;ft 9f]sfdf ;ft lsl;dsf la;fn' / df;' vfg] hftsf af3, l;x+ , ;fFk, laR5L, clhª\\u/, uf]xL / AjfF;f]nfO{ kfn] /fv] . o;kl5 u'kmfsf] dfemdf ;ft tfNrf df/]sf] ;Gb';df Ps y}nf] c;kmL{ /fv] . olt ul/;s]kl5 ;x/, kj{t, hª\\un / d}bfg ;a} 7fpFdf ;'lgg] u/L b]ptfn] cfsfzjf0fL u/]– …kmnfgf] hª\\unsf] u'kmfdf ;'gsf] ;ft 9f]sfleq ;ft y}nf] c;kmL{ 5 . of] c;kmL{ O{Zj/n] k7fPsf xg' \\ . h;nfO{ ;fFRr} wgsf] vfFrf] 5 / h;n] o;nfO{ /fd|f sfddf vr{ ug{ ;S5, To;n] of] lng hfg\" .Ú :ju{af6 ePsf] o:tf] cfsfzjf0fL ;g' ]/ ufpF–a:tL, ;x/sf ;f/f dflg; u'kmfcufl8 hDdf eP . t/ u'kmfleq s] 5 < s:tf] 5 < xDd]l; leq hfg] cfF6 s;}n] u/]g . cflv/df Ps hgf ljåfg\\ kl08t cufl8 ;/] . t/ 9f]sfdf kU' gf;fy leqaf6 Pp6f cfjfhn] ;f]Wof]– ækv Û ltdL sf] xf]} <Æ – æd o; ;x/sf] ljåfg\\ a|fx\\d0f x'F .Æ – æltdLn] wg kfof} eg] s] u5f}{ <Æ – æbfg, wd{ / O{Zj/sf] 7n' f7n' f sfddf vr{ u5'{ .Æ kv Û ltdL sf] xf} < j}v/L sIff ^ 225

– æltdL b'i6;Fu n8\\g ;S5f} <Æ – æemu8f ug{' a|fx\\d0fsf] wd{ xf]Og .Æ – æo; uk' mfsf] ;ft 9f]sfdf ;ft lsl;dsf b'i6 / hª\\unL hgfj/ 5g\\, pgLx¿af6 s;/L hf]luG5f} t <Æ hª\\unL hgfj/sf] s'/f ;'Ggf;fy kl08tsf] x+;n] 7fpF 5f]8\\of] . …ef] afaf . a? wg rflxPgÚ eg]/ pgL kms]{ . To;} u/L ToxfF cg]s dflg;x¿ u'kmfleqsf] wg lng sl;P . wgL klg sl;P, ul/a klg sl;P, ljåfg\\ klg sl;P, d\"v{ klg sl;P . clg lxGb' klg sl;P, d';ndfg klg sl;P . t/ ;fFk laR5L, l;x+ / AjfF;f]sf] gfd ;'Ggf;fy ;a}sf] ;ftf] uof] . s;}n] klg cl3 a9\\g] cfF6 u/]gg\\ . cflv/ Ps hgf dflg; hfg tD:of] . pm uk' mfsf] 9f]sfdf pleof] . leqaf6 cfjfhn] ;f]Wof]– ækv Û ltdL sf] xf} <Æ æd dflg; x'F .Æ p;n] hafkm lbof] . – ælxGb' ls d';ndfg <Æ cfjfhn] ;f]Wof] . – æTof] t dnfO{ yfxf 5}g . lxGbs' f] 3/df hGd]F, d';ndfgsf] 3/df x's]{F, O;fO{sf] 3/df a9]F, k9]F / kflnPF . d]/f] hft s] xf] dnfO{ yfxf 5}g .Æ p;n] eGof] æolt yfxf 5, d dfG5] x'F / dnfO{ afFRgsf nflu wgsf] vfFrf] 5 .Æ 226 jv} /L sIff ^

– æltdL cfkm\"nfO{ c;n 7fG5f} ls v/fa < Odfgbf/ 7fG5f} ls a]Odfg <Æ cfjfhn] ;f]Wof] . – æTof] t dnfO{ yfxf 5}g . ef]s nfu]/ cToGt} 56k6L ePsf] a]nfdf cGg x'g];Fu cGg vf];]/ klg vfG5' . cfkm;\" Fu ePsf] a]nf gx'g]nfO{ lbG5' . t/ d}n] c;n u/]F ls v/fa < of] d}n] ;f]r]sf] 5}g .Æ p;n] eGof] . – æltdL wg kfP s] u5f}{ <Æ cfjfhn] ;f]Wof] . – æwg s] sfdsf] nflu xG' 5 < h'g a]nfdf h] knf{ ToxL u5'{ .Æ p;n] hafkm lbof] . – æuk' mfsf] 9f]sfdf ;fFk, laR5Lx¿ 5g\\ < wdf{Tdf / Odfgbf/n] dfq pgLx¿nfO{ lhTg ;S5g\\ . ltdL pgLx¿nfO{ lht]/ leq k:g ;S5f} <Æ cfjfhn] ;f]Wof] . – æd wdf{Tdf 5' ls kfkL dnfO{ yfxf 5}g . t/ dnfO{ wgsf] vfFrf] 5 . To;}n] d hfG5' . af6fdf h] cfOknf{ To;;Fu n8\\gk' nf{ . oxL d}n] l;s]sf] 5' .Æ olt eg]/ Tof] dflg; ;/f;/ leq k:of] . p;sf] 5fof kg]{lalQs} kfn] /fv]sf hgfj/x¿ kUn]/ uP . p;n] leqaf6 c;kmL{ Nofof] / dhf;Fu To;}af6 w]/} ul/asf] ;]jf klg u¥of] . 7fpF7fpFdf :sn' , c:ktfn vf]Nof] . sf/vfgfx¿ vf]Nof] . w]/} dfG5]x¿nfO{ sfd lbnfof] . lhGbuL uh' f¥of] . OGb|sf] b/af/df ToxL dflg; ;Rrf / Odfgbf/ 7xl/of] . ;fef/ M t]x| /dfOnf syf jv} /L sIff ^ 227

k9fO != tnsf zAbx¿ z'4;uF pRrf/0f ug{x' f;] \\ M lahfOF, 6'ª\\uf], bfgwd{, lxGb', hª\\un, OGb|, l;x+ , laR5L, clhª\\u/, c;kmL{, O{Zj/, ;Gb;' , :ju{, a|fx\\d0f, ljåfg\\, bi' 6, AjfF;f], tD:of] @= dflysf] kf7 kfnk} fnf] k:| 6;Fu k9g\\ x' f];\\ . #= tnsf jfSo s;n] eg]sf] xf] < n]Vg'xf];\\ M -s_ of] c;kmL{ O{Zj/n] k7fPsf x'g\\ . -v_ bfg, wd{ / O{Zj/sf] 7N' 7'nf sfddf vr{ u5{' . -u_ kv Û ltdL sf] xf} < -3_ olt yfxf 5, d dfG5] xF' / dnfO{ afFRgsf nflu wgsf] vfFrf] 5 . -ª_ ltdL wg kfP s] u5f}{ < $= Ps jfSodf pQ/ nV] g'xf;] \\ M -s_ OGb|sf b/af/df s'g ljifodf 5nkmn rNof] < -v_ OGb|n] ljZjsdf{ afafnfO{ s] sfddf v6fP < -u_ u'kmfsf] ;/' Iffsf nflu OGb|n] ss;nfO{ kfn] /fv] < -3_ ljåfg\\ a|fx\\d0fn] wg kfP s]df vr{ ug]{ s'/f atfof] < -ª_ u'kmfleq hfg rfxg] dflg; sg' hftsf] lyof] < -r_ dflg;n] wg kfP s] ug]{ atfof] < %= tnsf] sljtfsf] c+z k9g\\ x' f];\\ / ;fl] wPsf kZ| gx¿sf] pQ/ lbgx' f;] \\ M – dfwjk|;fb l3ld/] tf/fn] eGbf ljZjdf a9L s] b]Vg ;S5' d ls/0fn] eGbf km\" ndf gf}nf] s] n]Vg ;S5' d cd/fjtL z\"Godf /Rg rfxG5' t}klg dflg; h:tf] cd/ d}n] b]lvgF So} klg . ;fef/ M lsGg/lsGg/L kZ| gx¿ -s_ ;+;f/df ;aeGbf a9L s;n] b]Vg ;S5 < -v_ km\" nnfO{ gofFkg lbg] s/' f s] /x]5 < -u_ s;n] zG\" odf cd/fjtL -:ju{sf] /fhwfgL_ /Rg ;S5 < -3_ dflg; s;/L cd/ xG' 5 xf]nf < atfpg'xf];\\ . -ª_ dflysf] sljtf s07:y kfg{'xf];\\ . 228 jv} /L sIff ^

^= tnsf] syf dgdg} k9g\\ x' f];\\ / kfFr cf6] f k|Zg agfpg'xf];\\ M la/fnf] / af3 æP efO Û nf} g dnfO{ klg l;sf/ ug]{ { tl/sf l;sfOb]pm . gq t d ef]sn] dg] g} ePF .Æ l;sf/ ge]6]/ ef]sn] dg{ nfu]sf] af3n] Ps lbg la/fnfnfO{ eGof] . æd\"v{ af3 Û d]/f] z/L/ ltd|f] eGbf ;fgf] eP klg d ltd|f] bfh' xF' . To;}n] dnfO{ bfh' eg . csf]{ s/' f, ltdL l;sf/ ug]{ snf l;Sg] eP dnfO{ u?' dfg]/ ltdLn] df/]sf] ;a} l;sf/sf] d'6' dnfO{ vfg b]pm . d]/f] ;t{ ltdLnfO{ dGh/' 5 <Æ la/fnf]n] h'Fuf d';fb}{ eGof] . la/fnfsf] ;t{ dGh'/ u/]/ af3n] l;sf/snf l;Sof] . t/ s]xL lbgkl5 g} af3n] cfºgf] ;t{ la:of]{ / p;n] df/]sf l;sf/sf] d6' ' la/fnfnfO{ lbg 5f8\\of] . la/fnfn] af3nfO{ ;t{ ;Demfof] t/ klg af3n] a]jf:tf u¥of] . To;}n] la/fnf] cfkm}F af3n] df/]sf] l;sf/sf] d'6' lgsfNg nfUof] . af3nfO{ kmR' r] la/fnf];Fu w]/} l/; p7\\of] / u'? klg gegL la/fnfdfly cfqmd0f u¥of] . la/fnf] kmQ' pk]|m/ ?vdf r9\\of] . af3 klg ?vsf] 7'nf] xfFuf];Dd t r9\\of] t/ la/fnfnfO{ e]6\\g ;s]g lsgeg] la/fnf] ?vsf] 6'Kkf;Dd} kl' u;s]sf] lyof] . -s_ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ -v_ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ -u_ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ -3_ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ -ª_ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ &= tkfOFn{ ] dfly g+= ^ df agfPsf k|Zg 5p] sf] ;fyLnfO{ ;f]Wgx' f;] \\ . ;fyLn] ;fw] ]sf k|Zgsf] pQ/ klg lbg'xf;] \\ . *= la/fnf] h:t} af3 ?v r9\\g ;Sg] x'g s] ugk{' Yof{] < cfºgf] wf/0ff JoQm ug'x{ f];\\ . (= dfly g+= ^ sf] syfdf ePsf] lrq df}lvs ¿kdf j0fg{ ugx{' f;] \\ . j}v/L sIff ^ 229

n]vfO != dflysf] syfaf6 lgDgfg';f/sf rf/ rf/ cf6] f zAb n]Vg'xf;] \\ M rGb|laGb' - F _ nfu]sf M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ /]km - { _ nfu]sf M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ cfwf cIf/ nfu]sf M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ Osf/ - l _ nfu]sf M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ O{sf/ - L _ nfu]sf M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ psf/ - ' _ nfu]sf M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ @= tnsf cIf/x¿ hfl] 8O{ aGg] ;o+ S' t cIf/ x]gx'{ f;] \\ . ca lbOPsf zAbx¿df pko'St ;+oS' t cIf/ n]vL k'gn{]vg ugx{' f;] \\ M St M Qm b\\d M ß b\\j M å Tt M Q b\\o M B b\\w M 4 b\\b M 2 ª\\s M Í eSt M eQm kb\\d M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ljåfg\\ M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ pQ/ M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ a4' M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ db\\bt M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ 5b\\d M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ljBt' \\ M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ zlSt M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ o'4 M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ pb\\b]Zo M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ cª\\s M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ #= OGbs| f] b/af/df s:tf] dfG5] Odfgbf/ 7xl/of] < ;f7Lbl] v ;Q/L zAb;Dddf nV] gx' f;] \\ . $= tnsf abF' fx¿sf cfwf/df …Pstf g} anÚ eGg] zLif{sdf 5f]6f] syf nV] gx' f];\\ M Ps hgf a9' fsf kfFr 5f]/f xg' –' 5f]/fx¿ Pscsf{;Fu gldNg'– a9' fnfO{ 5f]/fx¿ gldn]sfdf Hofb} b'Mv nfUg'– Ps lbg ;a} 5f]/fnfO{ e]nf kfg{–' x/]snfO{ PsPs cf]6f n6\\7L efFRg lbg'– x/]sn] n6\\7L efFRg ;Sg–' x/]snfO{ kfFr cf]6f n6\\7Lsf] la6f] efFRg lbg'– ;a}n] kfnf]kfnf] k|of; ug{' t/ efFRg g;Sg'– ;a}n] Pstfdf an xg' ] s'/f a'‰g' / ldn]/ a:g' . 230 jv} /L sIff ^

%= dflysf] syfdf ePsf u'kmfleqsf] cfjfh / dflg;lar ePsf] s'/fsfgLnfO{ ;+jfbsf] ¿kdf k|:t't ugx{' f;] \\ . u'kmfleqsf cfjfhnfO{ OGb| 7fg]/ ;j+ fb agfpgx' f;] \\ M OGb| M kv Û ltdL sf] xf} < dflg; M d dflg; x'F . ^= kf7sf] Odfgbf/ dfG5]sf] ljrf/;Fu tkfOF{ ;xdt jf c;xdt sx] 'g'xG' 5 < Ps cg'R5]bdf n]Vg'xf];\\ . cyjf s:tf] dfG5] Odfgbf/ xG' 5 < n]Vg'xf;] \\ . &= OGbs| f] b/af/df km]l/ Pp6f ;df/fx] uof] . pQm ;df/fx] df ToxL Odfgbf/ dfG5]nfO{ afn] fOof] . p;n] To; ;df/fx] df ePsf dfG5n] fO{ ctLp{ kb]z lbof] . ca tkfO{F Tof] Odfgbf/ dfG5] ag/] Ps cg'R5]bdf ToxfsF f] ;df/fx] nfO{ lbg] ctLp{ kb]z lbg'xf;] \\ . *= tnsf lrqx¿sf cfwf/df Pp6f syf n]Vgx' f;] \\ M jv} /L sIff ^ 231

zAbe08f/ != tnsf zAb / cyl{ ar hf]8f ldnfpgx' f];\\ M ul/ak/j/ ;'gsf l;Ssf lahfOF afs; ;Gb;' b]jjf0fL c;kmL{ ul/au?' afsf] kfngkf]if0f ug]{ cfsfzjf0fL csf{nfO{ bM' v lbg] lsl;dn] ul/g] sfd @= tnsf cgs' /0ffTds zAb / lqmofd\"nsf] hf8] f ldnfpg'xf;] \\ M :jfF:jfF kf]Ng' Kof6\\6 kmfNg' nu' n'u l/; p7\\g' 6Ss yS' g' etetL ;f; km]g{' lkRr pleg' emgSs ;fFem kg{' l7ª\\u lk6\\g' emdSs sfDg' ºofQ pleg' #= tnsf vfnL 7fpFdf pkoQ' m cgs' /0ffTds zAb /fVgx' f];\\ M -s_ au}Frfdf km\" nx¿ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ k'mn]sf 5g\\ . -v_ ;fgf] efO ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ /f]of] . -u_ la/fnf] ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ plk|mof] . -3_ laxfg 3fd ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ em' lNsof] . -ª_ xfdL kfgLn] ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ leHof}F . $= tnsf cgs' /0ffTds zAb /fvL jfSo agfpgx' f;] \\ M tktk lemlnldln l;/l;/ 5d5d etetL vnvnL e/' { %= tnsf 6S' sf / ltgsf cyl{ ar hf8] f ldnfpgx' f;] \\ M 6'Ssf cy{ -s_ x+;n] 7fpF 5f]8\\g' c;kmn xg' ' -v_ cfFvf 5Ng' efUg' -u_ cfn' vfg' Hofb} 8/fpgÙ' tl;{g' -3_ sfg ;dfTg' s'6\\g dg nfUg' -ª_ xft lrnfpg' em'Sofpg' -r_ s'n]nd 7f]Sg' s;d vfg' 232 j}v/L sIff ^

Jofs/0f / j0f{ljGof; != pbfx/0f x/] L cf1fys{ f lqmof agfpg'xf];\\ M ;fdfGofy{sf tF cf1fy{sf lqmof ltdLx¿ lqmof k9\\ ltdL k9 ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ k9 ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ k9\\5f} ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ n]V5f} hf ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ hfcf] v]N5f} ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ hfpm ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ hfG5f} ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ cfpF5f} ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ NofpF5f} ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ?G5f} @= tnsf] kf7 k9g\\ x' f];\\ / ;fdfGofy{ lqmofnfO{ cf1fyd{ f abnL ;fgx{' f];\\ M ltdL ldlxg]tkj\" {s k9\\5f} / k/LIffdf k|yd aG5f} . ltdL klxn] hflu/ vfG5f} / kl5 Jofkf/ u5f}{ . Jofkf/ u/]sf] s]xL jif{d} ltdL lgs} wg sdfp5F f} / To; wgn] cfºgf] 7fpFdf :s'n agfpF5f} . af6f]3f6f] / k'n agfp5F f} . :jf:Yo rf}sL vfN] 5f} . k:' tsfno agfp5F f} . o;/L ltdL ;dfh;]jf u5f{} / cfºgf] hGdynf]sf] dx' f/ km5] f{} . #= pbfx/0f x/] L ;Defjgfy{sf lqmof agfpgx' f;] \\ M wft' d xfdL ltdL pm pgLx¿ k9\\ k9'Fnf k9f}Fnf k9f}nf÷k9f}nL k9\\nf÷k9\\nL k9\\nfg\\ n]v\\ hf vf lb jv} /L sIff ^ 233

$= tnsf lqmofkbn] s'g cy{ -;fdfGofy{÷cf1fy{ / ;Defjgfy_{ a'emfpF5g\\ < nV] g'xf;] \\ M -s_ d t ca u[xsfo{ u5'{ . ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ -v_ ltdL klg u[xsfo{ u/ . ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ -u_ pgLx¿ klg u[xsfo{ u5{g\\ . ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ -3_ cfh w]/} udL{ xf]nf . ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ -ª_ ltdLx¿ otf cfcf] . ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ -r_ cfh 3fd nfu]sf] 5 . ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ %= tnsf jfSonfO{ ;Defjgfys{ f jfSodf abNg'xf];\\ M -s_ d eft vfG5' . d eft vfpnF f . -v_ ltdL ahf/ hfG5f} . ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ -u_ pm u[xsfo{ u5{ . ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ -3_ xfdL km'6an v]N5f}F . ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ -ª_ pgLx¿ lr7L n]V5g\\ . ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ^= sfi] 7df lbOPsf lgbz{] gcg;' f/ jfSo agfpgx' f];\\ M -s_ xfdL ;fyLx¿;Fu ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ . -v]n\\ M ;dfGofy{_ -v_ tF /fd|/L ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ . -n]v M cf1fy{_ -u_ ltdL 3/ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ . -hf M cf1fy{_ -3_ pgLx¿ v]Ng ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ . -hf M ;Defjgfy{_ -ª_ cfh vnvnL kl;gf ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ . -cfp M ;Defjgfy{_ &= z'4 zAbdf ufn] f] 3/] f nufpgx' f;] \\ M k|b{zg sfo{qmd 6j|m h|]af sfFj|mf] k|bz{g sfoj|m{d 6«s h]a|f j|mFsf] uof]{ k5{ xfd|f] u5{g\\ ljmo|f u¥of] k¥5 x|fdf] u5g{\\ lsof *= kf7af6 …/Ú sf ljleGg ¿k k|ofu] ePsf bz cf]6f zAb vf]h/] nV] g'xf];\\ M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ 234 j}v/L sIff ^

;d\"xdf efiff != ltdL;uF } Pp6} sIffdf k9g\\ ] ltd|f ;ft hgf ;fyLsf gfd n]Vg'xf;] \\ . pgLx¿n] ev/{ } ;DkGg q}dfl;s÷rfd} fl;s k/LIffdf gk] fnL, ul0ft / cª\\u]|hL ljifodf slt slt cªs\\ kfP < pgLx¿nfO{ g} ;f]w]/ n]Vg'xf];\\ M qm=;+= ;fyLsf] gfd g]kfnLsf] ul0ftsf] cª\\u|]hLsf] k|fKtfª\\s k|fKtfª\\s k|fKtfª\\s u|]8 u|]8 u|]8 != @= #= $= %= ^= &= dflysf] tYofª\\ssf cfwf/df tnsf] k|Zgx¿sf] pQ/ lbgx' f];\\ M -s_ tkfO{Fsf ;ft hgf ;fyLdWo] k9fOdf sf] cAan /x]5 < -v_ tkfO{Fsf ;ft hgf ;fyLdWo] g]kfnLdf sf] k|yd ePsf] /x]5 < -u_ tkfO{Fsf ;ft hgf ;fyLdWo] ul0ftdf sf] k|yd ePsf] /x]5 < -3_ tkfO{Fsf ;ft hgf ;fyLdWo] cª\\u|]hLdf sf] k|yd ePsf] /x]5 < -ª_ dflysf tLg cf]6f ljifodWo] cª\\ssf cfwf/df tkfO{Fsf ;fyLx¿nfO{ s'g ljifo ;lhnf] / s'g ljifo ufx|f] nfUg] /x]5 < @= ;dfhdf dflg;x¿ lsg Odfgbf/ gePsf xfn] fg\\ < kfrF kfrF hgfsf] ;dx\" df 5nkmn ug'x{ f];\\ . ca cfºgf] ;d\"xn] 5nkmn u/]sf] s'/f s'g} Ps hgfn] cufl8 uP/ k:| tt' ugx'{ f];\\ . . j}v/L sIff ^ 235

l;hg{ f÷n3' kl/of]hgf != tnsf lrqx¿sf] cfwf/df Pp6f 5f]6f] syf nV] g'xf;] \\ M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ @= tkfOFs{ f] ljrf/df tkfOsF{ f] ufpF3/÷6f]nsf ;aeGbf c;n dfG5] sf] xf]nf < pxfF lsg c;n xg' x' G' 5 eGg] af/d] f krxQ/ zAb hltdf j0fg{ ugx'{ f;] \\ . #= dfgf} tkfOF{ tkfO{Fsf] 3/kl/jf/sf] dV' o dfG5] xg' x' G' 5 . cfh kl/jf/df ljz]if sfd 5 . tkfO{Fn] ;a}nfO{ sfd cx|fpg' 5 . sfd nufpg' 5 . ca s;/L ss;nfO{ s] s] sfd nufpg'xG' 5 < k|To]s ;b:onfO{ sfd cxf| pgx' f];\\ . 236 j}v/L sIff ^

;g' fO l;ksf nflu tof/ kfl/Psf] l;8Ldf /flvPsf kf7x¿ kf7 ! -l/;_ v';L, 8/, lg/fzf, lrGtf, cfZro{ cflb h:t} l/; Pp6f cfwf/e\"t ;+j]u xf] . l/; ljz]if u/L :tgkfoL k|f0fLdf b]vfkg]{ :jfefljs u'0f xf] . cgfjZos bafasf] dx;;' x'Fbf, lt/:sf/sf] cge' j xF'bf, cfkmn\" ] ;f]r]h:tf] gx'Fbf l/; p7\\5 . dfG5] l/;fPsf] s'/f p;sf] cg'xf/ / z/L/sf] xfpefp, p;sf] Jojxf/ / p;n] k|of]u ug]{ efiffaf6 yfxf x'G5 . l/; Pp6f cfwf/e\"t ;+j]u eP klg o;sf] dfqf a9\\b} uPkl5 cfkm\"nfO{ jf c¿nfO{ xflg u5{ . To;}n] o;n] cfk\"mnfO{ jf c¿nfO{ xflg ug'{cufj} l/; p7]sf] a]nf lgDgfg;' f/sf] sfo{ u/] l/;nfO{ sd ug{ jf lgoGq0f ug{ ;3fp k¥' ofpF5 M != l/;fPsf] an] f afN] gc' l3 Ps l5g s] afN] g] eGg] s/' f /fd/| L ;fR] g] @= nfdf] / ulx/f] ;f; km]g]{ #= zf/Ll/s s;/t ug]{ $= cfkmn\" ] ub}{ u/]sf] sfd jf a;]sf] 7fpFaf6 Psl5g lj>fd lng] %= cfkm\"nfO{ dg kg]{ s/' f jf JolStsf] af/]df ;f]Rg] ^= xfF;f] p7\\bf] s'g} kf7 k9\\g], sfo{qmd x]g]{ jf 36gfx¿ ;Demg] &= dgdg} ! b]lv !)) ;Dd uGg] *= cfkm\"nfO{ ;sf/fTds ;Nnfx lbg ;Sg] ;fyL, lzIfs jf cleefjs;Fu cfkm\" l/;fpg] sf/0fsf af/]df 5nkmn ug]{ kf7 @ -tkf]lgi7 Clif / v}/] s's/' _ …dxfef/tÚ ljZjk|l;4 kf}/fl0fs u|Gy xf] . o;nfO{ ;;+ f/s} ;a}eGbf 7'nf] dxfsfJo dflgG5 . o; dxfsfJosf] /rgf dxlif{ j]bJof;n] u/]sf xg' \\ . …dxfef/tÚ df dn\" tM sf}/j / kf08jsf] kfl/jfl/s ;DaGw / if8\\oGqsf] syf 5 . o;n] lgDTofPsf] eLif0f o'4sf] j0f{g 5 . o;b]lv afx]s klg oxfF y'k|} y'k|} kfqsf syf 5g\\ . oxfF ljZjk|l;4 wg'w{/ PsnJo / pgsf] u?' elStsf] syf 5 . eLidlktfdx eg]/ lrlgg] b]jj|t / pgsf] eLid k|lt1fsf] syf 5 . j}v/L sIff ^ 237

dxf1fgL ljb'/sf] 1fg, b'jf{;f Clifsf] l/;, zs'lgsf] if8\\oGq tyf s+zsf] lgb{oL rl/qsf] syf 5 . o:t} gk9L 1fg k|fKt ug{ vf]Hg] ojqmLtsf] syf klg o;df ;d]l6Psf] 5 . o;/L …dxfef/tÚ Pp6f u|Gy eP klg o;n] y'k|} yk' |} kfqx¿sf] :jefj / To;n] lgDTofpg] kl/0ffdsf] kl/ro lbPsf] 5 . o'4 / To;n] lgDTofpg] ljgfzsf] syf 5 . c;Tosf] xf/ / ;Tosf] lht xg' ] s/' f atfOPsf] 5 . kf7 # -cGwfcGwL uk' mf_ e|d0fsf] dxŒj -h]lg;f / ck{0ff :s'naf6 3/ kms{Fb} 5g\\ ._ h]lg;f M ck{0ff, ltdL z}lIfs e|d0fdf hfg] xf]Og < ck{0ff M ghfg] . laTyfdf lsg hfg] < h]lg;f M laTyfdf /] † s] eg]sL ck{0ff ltdLn] < ck{0ff M clg lagfsfddf 3'Dg] eg]sf] laTyfdf ePg / < h]lg;f M To;f] xf]Og, ck{0ff † 3d' 3fdn] xfd|f] 1fg cem km/flsnf] kf5{ . To;}n] slxn]sfxLF e|d0f / ofqf ug'{k5{ . ck{0ff M 1fg t lstfa / sIffaf6 kfOxflnG5 lg . lsg 3D' g hfgk' ¥of] / < h]lg;f M xf], lstfa / sIffaf6 1fg cjZo kfOG5 . t/ s'g} 7fpFsf] e|d0f cjnf]sgaf6 xfd|f] lstfa / sIffdf klg gkfOg] 1fg kfOG5 . ck{0ff M s;/L lg < h]lg;f M x]/ ck{0ff † xfdLn] s'g} 7fpF e|d0f ub}{ hfFbf ToxfFsf] xfjfkfgL, hldgsf] agf]6 cflb t cfkmF} b]v]/ ef]u]/ yfxf kfpF5f}F . To;afx]s ToxfFsf dfG5]x¿ e]6\\bf pgLx¿;Fu s/' f ubf{ pgLx¿sf] efiff / e]if klg yfxf kfpF5f}F . ck{0ff M s/' f t ltdLn] /fd|} u¥of} x} . clg 3'dlkm/af6 c¿ s] s] s/' f yfxf kfpF5f}F t < h]lg;f M ofqfsf qmddf dfG5]x¿ e]l6G5g\\ . pgLx¿;Fu s/' fsfgL xG' 5 . slxn] t xfdL pgLx¿s} 3/df klg af; a:5f}F . o:tf] a]nfdf xfdLnfO{ pgLx¿sf] rfnrng / ;:+ s[lt klg yfxf xG' 5 . pgLx¿sf] k];f, Joj;fo klg yfxf xG' 5 . o;b]lv afx]s gofF 238 j}v/L sIff ^

7fpF b]V5f}F . gofF dfG5]nfO{ e]6\\bf gofF /xg;xg / vfg]s'/f vfFbf k|z:t dgf]/~hg kfOg] e|d0fdf hfg] cj;/ ;w}F klg t cfpFb}g . ck{0ff M h]lg;f, dnfO{ ltd|f] s/' f lrQa‰' bf] nfUof] . d t e|d0fdf ;do / k};f dfq vr{ xG' 5 eG7fGy]F . s'/f t km/s kf] /x]5 . o; k6s t d klg ljBfnon] n}hfg] z}lIfs e|d0fdf cjZo hfG5' . -h]lg;f / ck{0ffsf] af6f] 56' \\l6g] a]nf cfpF5 ._ kf7 $ -lr7L rk6] f_ dfG5]sf nflu ;aeGbf dN\" ojfg\\ s] xf]nf < o; k|Zgsf pQ/x¿ w]/} xg' ;S5g\\ . s;}n] ;'g, rfFbL, lx/f, df]tLnfO{ d\"Nojfg\\ 7fG5g\\ t s;}n] hUufhldg, 3/aª\\unf cflbnfO{ . sf]xL sf]xL ljBfnfO{ dN\" ojfg\\ 7fG5g\\ eg] sf]xL cfkmGt, ;fyL;DaGw, ;fdflhs OHht cflbnfO{ dN\" ojfg\\ 7fG5g\\ . o:t} pQ/dWo] :jf:YonfO{ d\"Nojfg\\ 7fGg] klg w]/} 5g\\ . ;fFlRrs} :jf:Yo dflg;sf nflu cd\"No ;DklQ xf] . xfd|f] z/L/ :j:y 5 eg] xfdL h] klg ug{ ;S5f}F . /fd|/L sfd ug{, /fd|/L v]nsb' df ;xefuL xg' , /fd|/L n]vk9 ug{ z/L/ :j:y xg' 'k5{ . olt dfq xf]Og, /fd|f] s/' f ;f]Rg klg :j:Yo z/L/ x'g'k5{ . To;}n] elgG5– …:j:y z/L/df :j:y ljrf/sf] af; x'G5 .Ú lrlgofF efiffdf Pp6f egfO 5– æltdLn] ;DklQ ud' fof} eg] s]xL klg u'dfPgf}, ;do u'dfof} eg] s]xL lrh u'dfof} t/ :jf:Yo u'dfof} eg] ;a} lrh ud' fof} .Æ o; egfOaf6 klg :jf:Yo tGb'?:t /fVg] sfo{df xfdL x/kn ;r]t /xg'k5{ eGg] a'lemG5 . kf7 % -c/lgsf]_ ;lxb bu' fg{ Gb emf lj=;+= !((( ;fndf wgi' ff lhNnfsf] h6xL eGg] 7fpFdf dftf b]ljsf emf / lktf b]jgf/fo0f emfsf Ps hgf ;'k'q hlGdP . pgsf] gfd bu' f{gGb emf /flvof] . b'uf{gGb emf ;fg}b]lv lh1f;' :jefjsf lyP . cGofo / c;dfgtfsf s/' fn] pgnfO{ lk/f]NYof] . ufpF3/df cGo afnaflnsf h;/L g} pgsf] klg afNosfn laTof] . g]kfndf lj=;+= @)!& ;fndf /fhf dx]Gb|n] axb' nLo Joj:yf ;dfKt u/L lg/ª\\s'z k~rfotL Joj:yf nfu' u/] . k~rfotL Joj:yfdf s]xL ;Lldt j}v/L sIff ^ 239

JolQmx¿n] /hfO ug{ yfn] . cGofo / cTofrf/ a9\\g yfNof] . bu' f{gGb emf o; Joj:yfsf] lj/f]w ug{ yfn] . lj=;=+ @)!* ;fn df3 ( ut] /fhf dx] Gb|sf] ;jf/ uf8Ldf ad k|xf/ u/]sf] cf/f]k pgLdfly nufOof] . Tolt a]nf pgL !* jif{sf dfq lyP . To;kl5 pgL s]xL ;do k|jf;df a:g yfn] . s]xL ;do kl5 hgsk'/ cfPsf ;do pgL kj|mp k/] . lg/ª\\s'z k~rfotL Joj:yfsf la¿4df plePsf k|hftflGqs of]4f bu' f{gGb emfnfO{ hgsk'/af6 ;}lgs x]lnsK6/åf/f sf7df8f}F nluof] . lj=;+= @)@) ;fn df3 !% ut] pgnfO{ d[To b08sf] ;hfo lbOof] . o;/L k~rfotL Joj:yfsf] lj¿4df nfUg] Ps xf]gxf/ g]kfnLn] cGofo / cTofrf/sf] la?4df n8\\bf ;lxb xg' k' ¥of] . cfh klg ;a} g]kfnLn] ;lxb bu' f{gGb emfnfO{ dxfg\\ ;lxb dfG5f}F . pgsf] gfd ;G' g]lalQs} >4fn] lz/ lgx/' G5 . kf7 ^ -7u ;dfltof_] of] Tolt v]/sf] syf xf], hlt v]/ cfhsf] h:tf] df]afOn kmf]g ufpF;x/df cfPs} lyPg . lyof] t ufpFsf] ;b/d'sfddf Pp6f kmf]g / ;x/lt/ Psb'O{ 7fpFdf 6]lnkmf]g ;]jf . o:t}df Ps lbg ufpFsf] ;b/ds' fd dª\\unaf/]sf] kmf]gsf] 306L aHof] . kmf]g ;]jfdf a:g] JolQmn] kmf]g p7fof] . …x]nf] † of] dª\\unaf/] xf] <Ú ptfaf6 af]Nof] . otfsf] JolQmn] eGof], æxf] † sf] sxfFaf6 af]Nge' of] <Æ …d kf/fh'FuLsf] lkl;cf]af6 af]Nb} 5' . tkfO{Fx¿sf] ufpFsf] k'mnGb] eGg] JolQm ev{/} 6«ssf] 7Ss/af6 k/nf]s x'ge' of] . pxfFsf] emf]nfdf ePsf] pxfFsf] gful/stf x]/]/ d kmf]g ub{} 5' . pxfFsf] kl/jf/ / cfkmGtnfO{ of] va/ elGbg'xf]nf / t'?Gt kf/fhFu' L k7fOlbg'xf]nf .Æ olt eg]/ ptfsf] kmf]g 66' ' ug{ yfNof] . kmf]g ;]jfdf a:g] JolQmn] glhs}sf] ;fOlsn]nfO{ km'nGb]sf] 3/df of] va/ ;'gfpg k7fof] . va/ ;'g]/ kmn' Gb]sL >LdtL a]xf]; eO{ . km'nGb]sf bfhe' fO, aa' f, sfsf, cfkmGt / ufpn]x¿ e]nf eP / km'nGb]sf] nf; p7fpg kf/fh'FuL lxF8] . kf/fhF'uL kU' g /fhdfu{sf] rf]saf6 uf8L r9\\gk' Yof{] . ;a} hgf 3f/f / 240 jv} /L sIff ^

3f]rf lnP/ dnfdL;d]t hfg eg]/ rf]sdf k'Ubf t km'nGb] xfF:b} xfF:b} cf]/fnf] kf] emb}{ lyof] . km'nGb]sf] :jefj g} o:t} lyof] . c¿nfO{ pNofpFYof] / dhf lnGYof] t/ s;}n] klg p;n] o:tf] lsl;dsf] xs{t ug{ ;S5 eg] 7fg]sf] lyPgg\\ . kf7 & -lstfa pkof]uL ls kqklqsf_ æ5\\of † s:tf] ufx|f] u[xsfo{ † s;/L n]Vg] xf]nf syf <Æ ;fof lbSs dfGb} ‰ofn aflx/ x]b}{ lyO{ . æ;fof, ;fof †Æ ;fofn] cfjfh ;g' L / 3fF6L tGsfpFb} aflx/ x]g{ yfnL t/ s;}nfO{ b]lvg . æ;fof † otf x]/ otf . d ltd|} 6]andf 5' .Æ ;fofn] 6]andf x]/L . 6]andfly t Pp6f kmR' r] s]6f] kf] 5 . ;fof 5Ss k/L . æltdL sf] xf} < oxfF s;/L cfof} <Æ æd km'Rr] dgj' f xF' . d cfºg} wg' df lxFl8/x]sf] lyPF t/ ltdLnfO{ lrlGtt b]v]F . To;}n] ;xof]u ug{ cfPsf] xF' .Æ æxf] t † dnfO{ clgtf u'?dfn] syf n]Vg] u[xsfo{ lbg'efÚsf] 5 . t/ dnfO{ syf n]Vg} cfpFb}g .Æ km'Rr] dgj' fn] cfºgf] ;fgf] emf]nf x]¥of] / Pp6f k]lG;n lgsfn]/ ;fofnfO{ lbof] . ænf} of] k]lG;n ;dfpm . of] k]lG;nn] ltdL h] rfxG5f} ToxL n]Vg ;S5\\of} . dfq ltdLn] k]lG;n;Fu ;xof]u dfUg'k5{ .Æ km'Rr] dg'jf ;fofnfO{ k]lG;n lbPkl5 cnk eof] . ;fofn] k]lG;n ;dfO{ / jgef]hsf] /dfOnf] syf n]Vg] ljrf/ u/L clg sfkLdf jhef]hsf] syf n]Vg yfnL . syf gl;l4Gh]n k]lG;n /f]lsPg . ef]lnkN6 :s'ndf ;fofn] Tof] syf ;'gfO{ . æcf]xf] † s:tf] /fd|f] syf † ;fof, ef]ln klg syf n]v]/ xfdLnfO{ ;g' fpm x} .Æ ;fofsf] syf ;'g]kl5 u'?cfdfn] eGge' of] . p;sf ;fyLx¿n] klg ;fofnfO{ syf n]Vg s/ u/] . To;}n] p;n] cfºgf] ;kgfsf] syf n]vL . hgfj/sf] j}v/L sIff ^ 241

syf n]vL . kxf8 r9]sf] syf n]vL . hª\\undf PSn} 3D' g] ;fx;L s]6Lsf] syf n]vL . km'Rr] dgj' fn] lbPsf] k]lG;nn] p;n] w]/} syf n]vL / ;fyLnfO{ ;'gfO{ . ;fyLx¿n] p;sf] syf dg k/fP . æ;fof † d}n] lbPsf] k]lG;nn] syfx¿ n]Vof} < km'Rr] dg'jfsf] cfjfh ;'g]/ ;fofn] em:sFb} egL, æn]v]F kmR' r] dg'jf † d]/f] syf ;fyLx¿n] s:tf] dg k/fP . u?' cfdfn] klg dg k/fpge' of] .Æ æ/fd|f] † ca ltdLnfO{ syf n]Vg ufx|f] 5}g eGg] yfxf kfpFbf d Hofb} v';L 5' . ca dnfO{ d]/f] k]lG;n lkmtf{ b]pm t †Æ æTof] hfbu' /L k]lG;n † Tof] t dnfO{ rflxG5 lg †Æ æ;fof † ca ltdLnfO{ o:tf] hfb'u/L k]lG;n rflxFb}g . vf;df ltdLn] hlt syfx¿ n]Vof}, Tof] ltd|} k]lG;nn] n]v]sL xf} . ltd|f] klG;nn] ltdLn] rfx]sf] ;a} s/' f n]Vg ;S5 .Æ To;kl5 kmR' r] dgj' f hfb'u/L k]lG;n lnP/ cnk eof] . æl7s xf] . dnfO{ hfbu' /L k]lG;nsf] vfFrf] 5}g . d d]/f] k]lG;nn] d}n] rfx]sf] ;a} s/' f n]Vg ;S5' .Æ kf7 * -d/] f] lxdfnL ;f}Gbo_{ t]/yd' sf] Pp6f kxf8L 7fpFdf d hGd]sf] xF' t/ d}n] ToxfF hLjgsf yf]/} dlxgfx¿ dfq latfPsf] 5' . d]/f] afNosfnsf clwsfz+ ;do t k\"jL{ t/fO{sf] emfkf lhNnfsf] Pp6f ufpFdf lat]sf] lyof] . To;}n] ha d d]/f] afNosfn ;DemG5,' d d]/f] w/dk/' / To;sf cf;kf;sf ufpF3/ ;DemG5' . n]lnof vf]nf, 8F8' fdf/L vf]nf, sdn vf]nf, /tj' f vf]nf / dfO{ vf]nf ;DemG5' . clg dª\\unaf/] xf6, SofDkf ahf/, lzjuGh ahf/, lemnlemn] ahf/, s]/vf ahf/ / bds ;x/ ;DemG5' . d Pp6f ;fwf/0f ;fIf/ s[ifs kl/jf/df hGd]sf] JolSt xF' . To;}n] d]/f] afNosfn kfFr5 jif{;Dd v]taf/Ldf 8N' b} laTof] eg] ;ftcf7 jif{kl5 cfkm\" eGbf ;fgf efOalxgLsf] /]vb]v ub}{ laTof] . 3fF; bfp/f ub}{ laTof] . v]taf/Lsf] sfddf cfdfa'afnfO{ ;3fpFb} laTof] . vf;df afNosfn dflg; hGd]sf] b'O{ jif{b]lv lszf]/ jo ;?' x'Gh]n;Ddsf] nueu bz jif{hltsf] xG' 5 . of] ;do x/]ssf] hLjgdf cToGt cy{k0\" f{ 242 jv} /L sIff ^

xG' 5 eG7fG5' . oxL 7DofOn] klg d]/f] afNosfn d]/f nflu ljz]if aGg k'u]sf] 5 . Tof] ;dofjlwdf d}n] u/]sf ultljlwx¿, hfgLghfgL u/]sf uNtLx¿, p6\\k6\\ofªx¿ ;a} g} /dfOnf] v]nsf] lx:;f h:tf] nfU5 . kf7 ( -To} an] fb]lv gk] fnL_ If]qkmnsf] b[li6n] g]kfn ;fgf] 5 tfklg oxfF ljZjk|l;4 w]/} s'/fx¿ 5g\\ . oxfF ;;+ f/s} ;jf]{Rr r'nL ;u/dfyf 5 . ;u/dfyf **$*=*^ ld6/ cUnf] 5 . ;+;f/df *))) ld6/eGbf cUnf rf}w cf]6f lxdfnx¿ 5g\\, h;dWo] gf} cf]6f lxdfn t g]kfnd} 5g\\ . g]kfnsf] ltlnrf] tfn ;;+ f/s} ;aeGbf cUnf] 7fpFdf /x]sf] tfn xf] . of] ;d'b| ;txb]lv $(!( ld6/ prfOdf /x]sf] 5 . To:t} ;+;f/s} ulx/f] uN5Lsf] ¿kdf kl/lrt sfnLu08sLsf] uN5L klg oxLF 5 . o'4n] hln/x]sf] ljZjnfO{ zflGtsf] ;Gb]z lbg] uf}td a4' sf] hGd g]kfns} n'lDagLdf qmfO:6 hGdge' Gbf ^@# jif{ klxn] ePsf] lyof] . kf7 !) -afns x/fPsf] ;\"rgf_ cfkmGtL cfºgf] ;dosf kl| ;4 8fS6/ lyP . Ps lbgsf] s/' f xf–] cfkmGtL cfºgf] lSnlgsdf al;/xs] f] an] f Ps hgf Hofb} df6] f dfG5] cfOku' ] / eg,] æ8fS6/ ;fa † d Hofb} df6] f] ePF . dnfO{ bA' nfpg] cfv] tL lbgk' ¥of] .Æ cfkmGtLn] tL df]6f dfG5]sf] z/L/ lgs} a]/ nufP/ hfFr] . clg k'hL{df n]lvlbP, ætkfO{FnfO{ cf}ifwLsf] ca vfFrf] k/]g lsgeg] ca kGw| lbg dfq afFRgx' G' 5 .Æ 8fS6/sf] kh' L{ x]/]/ df]6f dfG5]sf] xf];xjf; p8\\of] . pgL s]xL gaf]nL h'?Ss p7] / 3/tkm{ nfu] . pgL d[Tos' f] ;r\" gfn] olt lrlGtt eP ls pgn] s]xL s/' f vfg ;s]gg\\ g t pgnfO{ lgb|f g} nfUof] . kGw| lbg;Dddf t pgL olt bA' nfP ls ca pgL xf8 / 5fnf dfq xg' ku' ] . lbg laTb} uof] t/ pgL d/]gg\\ . To;kl5 Ps lbg pgL cfkmGtLsf] lSnlgsdf uP / eGg yfn], æ8fS6/ ;fa † tkfO{F t xfjfbf/L 8fS;fk kf] xg' x' F'bf] /x]5 . tkfO{Fn] d t kGw| lbgdf dg]{ s/' f] of] kh' L{df n]Vge' fÚYof] † v} t d d/]sf] <Æ cfkmGtLn] uDeL/ xbF' } eg,] æ w/] } af7f] gxg' ;' \\ . d/] f] ToxL cfv] tLn] g} tkfOnF{ fO{ as] fdsf] df6] fk] gaf6 arfof] . nf} ca v?' Ss d/] f] lkm; ltg;{' \\ t .Æ j}v/L sIff ^ 243

kf7 !! -zl} Ifs e|d0fsf nflu lgjb] g_ ldlt M @)&&÷!)÷!% d}qL kf7zfnf d}qLgu/, bfr{'nf ljifo M labf kfpmF eGg] af/] . dxf]bo, pko'Qm ;DaGwdf ldlt @)&& df3 !( ut] d]/L lbbLsf] ljjfx 5 . lbbLsf] ljjfxsf] sf/0f d !*, !( / @) ut] d ljBfnodf pkl:yt x'g ;lSbgF . To;}n] dnfO{ tLg lbgsf] labf lbgx' g' cg'/f]w 5 . ctM pQm labfsf ;dodf ljBfnon] lbPsf] u[xsfo{ ;fyLx¿nfO{ ;f]w]/ ;dod} k\"/f u/]/ ae' mfpg]5' . >Ldfg\\sf] cf1fsf/L 5fq df]xgl;+x la:6 sIff 5 j|mdfª\\s !( kf7 !@ -rfnL{ Rofklng_ cn]Sh]G8/ u|fxd a]nsf] hGd ;g\\ !*$& dfr{ # df :s6NofG8sf] Pl8gau{df ePsf] xf] . pgsf aa' fsf] gfd cn]Sh]G8/ d]nefOn a]n xf] eg] cfdfsf] gfd Plnhf u|]; ;fOdG8\\;\\ xf] . pgn] ;?' df a'afaf6 3/d} n]vk9 ug{ l;s] . To;kl5 :yfgLo ljBfnoaf6} dfWolds txsf] lzIff k/\" f u/] . Pl8ga/f ljZjljBfno / nG8g ljZjljBfnoaf6 pRr lzIff u|x0f u/] . cn]Sh]G8/ u|fxd a]n dV' otM 6]lnkmf]gsf] cfljisf/sf nflu rlr{t 5g\\ . 6]lnkmf]gsf] cfljisf/ ug{'eGbf klxn] pgn] sfg g;'Gg]x¿sf nflu pkof]uL x'g] pks/0f agfpg] k|of]ux¿ u/] . o:tf] sfd pgL lsg ug{ rfxGy] eg] pgsf cfdf / >LdtLdf sfg g;'Gg] ;d:of lyof] . cfjfhsf] lj1fg;Fu ;DalGwt o:tf sfdn] pgnfO{ 6]lnkmf]g cfljisf/ ug{ k|]l/t u¥of] . cGttM ;g\\ !(&^ dfr{ !) sf lbg pgn] bf]xf]/f] s'/fsfgL ug{ ldNg] 6]lnkmf]gsf] 244 j}v/L sIff ^

cfljisf/ u/] . pSt cfljisf/df a]nsf] klxnf] cfjfh lyof], æjf6;g Û otf cfpm . d ltdLnfO{ e]6\\g rfxG5' .Æ pgn] 6]lnkmf]gafx]s wft' kQf nufpg] oGq -dfOg l86]S6/_, kmf]6f]kmf]g, u|fkmf]kmf]g, kmf]gf]u|fkmnufotsf w]/} j:t'x¿ cfljisf/ u/]sf lyP . cn]Sh]G8/ u|fxd a]nsf] d[To' ;g\\ !(@@ cu:6 @ df Sofg8fsf] gf]ef :sl6of eGg] 7fpFdf eof] . pgsf] d[Tos' f] a]nf pgsf] ;Ddfgdf pQ/ cd]l/sfsf] x/]s h;f] JolStn] kmf]g ubf{ kmf]g p7fP/ Psl5g zfGt /xGy] . kf7 !# -OR5f_ d hlxn]b]lv :s'n hfg yfn]F, ToxLF a]nfb]lv dnfO{ dfG5]x¿n] ltdL s] aG5f} eGg] k|Zg ;f]lw/xG5g\\ . oltv]/ klg d]/f] 3/df sf]xL gofF cfkmGt cfP eg] o; k|Zgsf] pQ/ d}n] lbg'k5{ . o:tf]df, d s;}nfO{ 8fS6/ aG5' eG5' . s;}nfO{ lzIfs aGg] hafkm lbG5' . slxn] OlGhlgo/ jf j}1flgs aGg] s'/f u5{' . slxn] jlsn jf a]kf/L aGg] s/' f atfpF5' . slxn]sfxLF d snfsf/ cyjf ;flxTosf/ aGg] s/' f ;f]R5' t slxn] v]nf8L aGg] ljrf/ ;g' fpF5' . slxn] ;dfh;]jL t slxn] kfOn6 jf 8«fOe/ aGg] ljrf/ cfpF5 / ToxL hafkm lbG5' . slxn] eg] l;kfxL jf k|x/L ag]/ b]zsf] kx/]bf/ aG5' eG5' . cem sg' }s'g} a]nf sd{rf/L ag]/ sfd u¿F h:tf] nfU5 / ToxL hafkm lbG5' . o;/L xfjfsf emf]Ssf / ;\"o{sf] tfk;Fu} cfsfzdf abln/xg] afbnsf cfs[lt h:t} 5– d]/f] hLjgsf] nIo . dnfO{ /f]uLx¿sf] pkrf/ u/L gofF hLjg lbg] 8fS6/ tyf :jf:YosdL{x¿nfO{ b]Vtf 8fS6/ jf :jf:YosdL{ ag\"F h:tf] nfU5 . hLJfgel/ 1fgsf] Hof]lt afn]/ c¿sf] hLjgsf] cGwsf/ x6fpFb} cfk}Fm rflxF d}gaQL h:tf] klUn/x]sf u?' u'?cfdfnfO{ e]6\\bf lzIfs agF\" h:tf] nfU5 . ;fgf / 7n' f t/ /fd|f 3/x¿sf], Jojl:yt / km/flsnf ;8s / k'nx¿sf] l8hfOg b]Vtf OlGhlgo/ ag\"F h:tf] nfU5 . ltg} ;8s / kn' x¿df u'l8/x]sf jf cfsfzdf pl8/x]sf ljleGg ;jf/L ;fwg / ljleGg lsl;dsf cfljisf/ b]Vbf j}1flgs jf cfljisf/s ag\"F h:tf] nfU5 . cGofodf k/]sf / clwsf/ gkfPsf dflg;x¿nfO{ e]6\\bf pgLx¿nfO{ Gofo lbnfpg jlsn ag]/ sfgg' L n8fOF n8\\g dg k5{ . b]zljb]zsf ;fdfg jf ;]jfx¿nfO{ xfd|f;fd' NofOk¥' ofpg, xfd|f ;fdfg jf ;]jfx¿nfO{ j}v/L sIff ^ 245

b]zljb]z k'¥ofpg a]kf/ ug]{ JolStx¿nfO{ b]Vbf a]kf/L aGg dg nfU5 . ;G' b/ / hLjgbflogL ;flxTo k9\\bf / gf6s, lkmNd, lrq x]bf{ jf uLt ;G' bf ;flxTosf/ jf snfsf/ agF\" h:tf] nfU5 . To:t} v]Ng] pd]/ eP/ xf] ls, v]nk|ltsf] nufa eP/ xf], dnfO{ v]nf8L ag]/ cfˆgf] b]zsf] gfd ;;+ f/e/ k}mnfpFm h:tf] nfU5 . cGwljZjf; / e|i6frf/sf] s/' f ;'Gbf ;dfh;]jL jf /fhgLlt1 ag]/ b]zdf r]tgfsf] Hof]lt 5¿F h:tf] nfU5 . kl/jt{gsf] nx/ rnfpmF h:tf] nfU5 . ljsf;sf] d\"n km'6fpmF h:tf] nfU5 / e|i6frf/sf] h/f] pv]n]/ b]zdf ;J' oj:yf sfod ug{ sDd/ s;\"F h:tf] nfU5 . kfgLdf rln/x]sf, ;8sdf u'l8/x]sf / cfsfzdf pl8/x]sf ;jf/L ;fwg b]Vbf ltg} ;jf/L ;fwgsf] rfns ag]/ ;;+ f/ e|d0f u¿F h:tf] nfU5 . cfkm;\" Fu} c¿x¿nfO{ klg bl' gofFsf] bz{g u/fpmF h:tf] nfU5 . Oltxf;df n]lvPsf jL/tfsf] ufyf k9\\bf l;kfxL ag]/ b]zsf] /Iff u¿F h:tf] nfU5 . ;dfhdf ;z' f;g sfod ug{, ljs[ltx¿ x6fpg rf}la;} 3G6f vl6/xg] OR5f hfUbf k|x/L ag\"F h:tf] nfU5 . dnfO{ yfxf 5– d}n] dfly rrf{ u/] h:t} ;a} s/' f d]/f] hLjgsf] nIo x'g ;Sb}g . clxn] g} d oxL aG5' eg]/ ls6\\g klg ;lSbgF lsgeg] d]/f cufl8 w]/} af6fx¿ 5g\\ . d h'g;s' } If]q, k];f / Joj;fodf uP klg hLjgdf Pp6f c;n JolSt aGg rfxG5' . ;dfh, b]z / l;ª\\uf] dfgjhfltsf] lxt x'g] sfd ug]{ JolSt aGg rfxG5' . clxn]nfO{ d]/f] hLjgsf] nIo oxL xf] . kf7 !$ -xf?gsf] d/' nL_ jGohGt' ;/+ If0f -clgn / cho ljBfno 56' 6\\ L ePkl5 ;uF } 3/ hfbF } 5g\\ . pgLx¿ lrtjgsf] xfQL cftªs\\ sf ljifodf s'/f ub{} 5g\\ ._ clgn M lrtjgdf klg xfQL cftª\\s g} dlRrP5 . cho M c,F dn} ] klg ToxfsF f dflg;n] o;sf] lj/fw] u/s] f] s/' f 6l] nlehgdf x/] s] f] lyPF . clgn M o:tf ljgfzsf/L hª\\unL hgfj/nfO{ dflg;n] lsg ;+/If0f lbP/ /fv]sf] xf]nf < dfl/lbg' lg a? † dfG5]sf] Hofg t aFRg] lyof] . dflg;x¿ zflGtn] a:g kfpFy] . cho M clg To;} hª\\unL hgfj/ dfg{ kfOG5 / < 246 j}v/L sIff ^