Social Studies and Population Education Book 7_2078 Revised and Updated Edition

Lesson MEASURES OF QUALITY OF LIFE 5 Quality of life is the condition of life resulting from happiness and satisfaction after the fulfillment of basic family needs. Opportunity for education and employment, healthy body and longevity of life are essential for the attainment of quality of life. At the same time, adequate income for livelihood, protection from natural calamities, cozy environment, peace and security as well as the exercise of human rights are equally mandatory for quality of life. Some of the major components of quality of life are mentioned below: A. Health Health is a prime human need. A person should be healthy for a prosperous and productive life. Moreover all family members need to be healthy for quality of life. Healthy individuals can contribute to the development of the society and nation. Health is considered to be an important component of quality of life. A general health checkup Therefore, the following guidelines need to be considered for the sound health of family members: Knowledge on health and sanitation Individual and family hygiene Sanitation at home and when away from the home Provision for clean and safe drinking water Small family size Immunization against infectious diseases Regular health checkups and treatments Population Growth and Management 251

Provision for eating a balanced diet Provision for improved toilet facilities B. Education SOCIAL Education is the source of knowledge. Education enlightens individuals and makes them more rationale and accountable to their family, society and the nation. It helps to make human life productive and qualitative. At the Students in the learning process same time it also helps to improve the living standard of the family. Educated people easily get job opportunities and are able to expand income sources. Education helps to fulfill the needs and aspirations of family members. C. Nutrition A child eating balanced diet Nutrition is also one of the major components of quality of life. A balanced diet increases the physical, mental and intellectual development of individuals. People can suffer from a diet that is deficient in energy giving, body building and protective foods (deficiency of carbohydrates, fats, proteins, minerals and vitamins). Every individual must have a nutritious and balanced diet in order to achieve quality of life. D. Employment Sufficient income is needed for quality of life. For this, family members should have income sources. Employment of family members provides a way to make their lives A man at gainful work productive, happy and prosperous. 252 SOCIAL STUDIES AND POPULATION EDUCATION - BOOK 7

E. Small Size Family People living in a small family can enjoy a better life when compared to a large family. The efforts of individuals to have a small family help population management and increases quality of life. F. Reproductive and Sex Education Knowledge of reproductive health and sex education help to identify various types of reproductive infections and STIs (Sexually Transmitted Infections). It helps people to lead happy and prosperous life. Reproductive and sex education is important to mitigate mental and emotional stress. In addition, it also provides other essential knowledge and skills for an ideal family life and its proper management. It helps to increase the living standard of people. On the basis of the aforementioned components, the measures of quality of life are listed in the following points: Universal access to health services and facilities Achieving quality education Having a balanced diet regularly Provision of housing, communication and other facilities Proper management of waste materials Creating an employment opportunity Maintaining environmental balance and hygiene Provision for skill improvement and income generating programmes Identifying the problems and solutions of fertility and sexual diseases Population Growth and Management 253

KEY TERMS Accountable : responsible for something or someone Aspiration : strong desire Disposable : of an article intended to be thrown away after use Enlighten : free somebody from ignorance Immunization : vaccination Infectious disease : communicable disease Intellectual : relating to the ability to think in an intelligent way and to understand things Malnourished : suffering from a specific illness particularly from malnutrition Mandatory : compulsory Mitigate : reduce Activity a. What sort of efforts need to be made to maintain quality of life in your locality? Discuss with friends and explain the findings to your guardian. Exercise 1. Answer the following questions: a. What are the basic components of quality of life? b. What is the role of education to maintain quality of life? c. What is the impact of nutritious food on quality of life? d. Explain the relation between the family size and quality of life. e. List down the measures to maintain quality of life. f. What are your family members doing to maintain quality of life? 254 SOCIAL STUDIES AND POPULATION EDUCATION - BOOK 7

Lesson FAMILY LIFE EDUCATION 6 Laxmipur Village Now and Then Then Now In a village called Laxmipur, Laxmipur has seen some positive changes people were married at an early age over the years. The attitude and behaviour and almost all the villagers were of the people has changed and their way illiterate. They were unaware of of living (living standard) has improved. reproductive health, contraception, The reproductive behaviour of the people family planning, and prenatal in the village has drastically changed. care as well as natal, postnatal People are now marrying at a later age. and child health care. Couples Couples are now using appropriate desired many children as they temporary and permanent contraception believed babies were a boon from methods for family planning and are God. Contraceptive facilities were procreating babies only after planning for not available. In the absence of their family. Information and education contraception, birth spacing used is now distributed through various to be very short. Proper care for a means of communication like FM Radio, woman during pregnancy, delivery television, newspapers, magazines, etc. and postnatal period was inadequate. All the school-age children are enrolled Infant and child mortality rate were in school. There is even a provision of extremely high due to the lack providing an improved toilet facility in of immunization, balanced diet, each house. The economic condition personal hygiene and regular health of the villagers is gradually improving. checkup. Life was difficult due to There is peace and harmony among the poverty, ignorance, poor sanitation households in that village. and inadequate health services. Population Growth and Management 255

Every couple has the right to decide when they want to have children, the number of children they want, and the birth spacing between each child. Everybody has the right to receive information and education regarding sexual and reproductive health. Everybody has the right to obtain complete reproductive and sexual health and well-being through quality sexual and reproductive health services. Similarly, everybody has the right to be free from sexual and reproductive health abuse, exploitation, violence and sex trade. The subject which incorporates the above mentioned issues and subject matters is called family life education. Family planning, safe motherhood, neonatal, infant and child health care, etc fall under the scope of family life education. For this there must be proper management of income and other resources in the family. Eventually it helps family members to lead a happy and productive family life. Almost all individuals become parents in the future and they have to make correct decisions regarding the appropriate age for marriage and parenthood considering their physical, mental, social and economic conditions. A health worker counselling people 256 SOCIAL STUDIES AND POPULATION EDUCATION - BOOK 7

We can observe different signs and symptoms of physical, mental, social and spiritual changes in the different time periods from infancy through old age. During these times proper guidance and support from the family is crucial to them. It helps them to keep a positive attitude and maintain proper behaviour. Family life education encourages the social and economic development of every family which will lead to peace, prosperity and stability in the family life. Unfortunately population is increasing faster than the pace of development in society. For the parents, it is quite difficult to fulfill their children’s needs like education, health, entertainment and so on. It becomes more difficult to be responsible parents of a large family when the family struggles economically. There is an adverse impact on the health condition of both mother and child. Therefore, family life education is equally important to everyone. It decreases child mortality rate. It increases the number of couples who maintain proper birth spacing. Eventually, there is an increase in the number of permanent contraception users which helps to control fertility rates and supports population management. The quality of family life improves, and positively affects society and the nation. KEY TERMS Contraception : means of preventing pregnancy Crucial : of great importance Incorporate : include Neonatal : of relating to babies within the first month after their birth Postnatal period : the period after the birth of a child and extending for about 6 weeks Procreate : to beget or to reproduce Population Growth and Management 257

Activities a. In Laxmipur Tole of Morang district, 280 households were there in 2011 AD. The average household size was 4.9 in that year. At present there are 330 households with the average household size of 4.2. What is the total population of that place then and now? Discuss in the class the change in population of Laxmipur with the help of your subject teacher. b. Visit a senior citizen in your locality. Collect the information about the condition of family life then and now from him/her and discuss in class. c. Divide the class into four groups and conduct a group discussion programme on the need for family life education for population management. Exercise 1. Answer the following questions: a. What changes have you observed then and now in Laxmipur Village? b. What is family life education? c. Mention the scope of family life education. d. Explain the importance of family life education. e. What did you learn from the case study on Laxmipur Village? Make a list. Community Work Conduct a small survey on desired family size of married couples in your community. Fill in the chart below with the respondents’ opinions. Reasons for desiring more children Reasons for desiring less number of children 1. .................................................. 1. .................................................. 2. .................................................. 2. .................................................. 3. .................................................. 3. .................................................. 258 SOCIAL STUDIES AND POPULATION EDUCATION - BOOK 7

Lesson ROLE OF VARIOUS AGENCIES 7 INVOLVED IN POPULATION MANAGEMENT National level agencies have a great role in population Logo of Red Cross management. Programmes can be conducted in each Society and every part of the country through these agencies. Many people get benefits from these programmes. Various important functions are being conducted by agencies like Ministry of Health and Population, Scout, Red Cross, hospitals and health clinics in the field of population management. The functions of some of these major agencies are: Ministry of Health and Population The Ministry of Health and Population has been established to carry out the functions related to health and population. This agency generally formulates the policies for health and population and operates programmes accordingly. Moreover it coordinates and provides supervision among the agencies and conducts population management programmes. It also evaluates the effectiveness and outcome of these programmes. Population Education Programme Population Education helps the management of increasing population. This programme helps to create population awareness. The Population Education programme has been implemented through formal and non-formal educational programmes. Population Education Project With the financial assistance of UNFPA and the technical assistance of UNESCO, the Population Education programme has been in operation since 1980 AD. Population Growth and Management 259

In order to make Population Education effective, programme formulation, monitoring, evaluation and various other functions are being conducted. This is achieved with the coordination between the donor agencies and the Nepal government through the Population Education Coordinator’s office of the Ministry of Education. Non-formal Population Education Programme Non-formal education generally consists of different types of short-term programmes such as training and literacy programmes. Attempts have been made to include Population Education in various non-formal education programmes. Youth, adults, labourers and women are made aware of population related problems and issues through non-formal Population Education programmes. Population Education programmes have been in operation with the objective to emphasize the need for small and happy families. Population Education has been integrated with various non-formal programmes since 2038 BS. This programme helps to educate those youths and adults, who have not been to school and have no access to formal education, about the population situation in their community, nation and the world. It develops awareness among them about the implication of rapid population growth on the various aspects of the quality of their life. It helps to motivate them to pay attention to population related issues and concerns. It also helps to change their attitudes and behaviours accordingly. Moreover the agencies like Department of Labour, Department of Small and Cottage Industry, Local Development Training Institute, Nepal Family Planning Association, Nepal SCOUT, Nepal Red Cross and the Department of Cooperatives have integrated population management related programmes in their mainstream programmes. 260 SOCIAL STUDIES AND POPULATION EDUCATION - BOOK 7

KEY TERMS Agency : an organization department or bureau that provides some service for another Donor agency : the agency that provides financial and technical assistance Formulate : to create a strategy or come up with a plan Issues : the subjects that people discuss about Mainstream : considered ordinary or normal and accepted or used by most people Supervision : monitoring and regulating of process or delegated activities Activity a. Identify the population management related activities in your locality and present them in the class. Exercise 1. Answer the following questions: a. Who is accountable for policy making, monitoring and evaluation for population management? b. What is the role of the Ministry of Education in Population Management? c. List the contribution of Curriculum Development Centre for Population Management in three points. d. List the national agencies and institutions involved in population management and write their one function of each. e. Explain the contribution of UNESCO and UNFPA in the population management programme in Nepal. Population Growth and Management 261

Review Exercise Activities a. What is the condition of food, housing, education and health service in your community? Prepare a report including existing situations, correction areas, reasons for correction and recommendations. b. When will you reach the appropriate age for marriage? What is your plan for your age for marriage, birth of babies, family size and occupation for a happy family life? Discuss your plans for future in the class under the guidance of your subject teacher. 1. Write True for correct statement and False for incorrect statement. a. Slow increase in population is called depopulation growth. b. The actual population cannot be known in the absence of scientific population census. c. During the 1930’s, the emigrated Nepali returned back to their home land. d. With respect to Nepal, migration of Nepali people to different countries is called immigration. e. The 2011 AD National Population Census shows a rapid population growth rate in Nepal. 2. Match the following: Solutions Problems • Provision of education • Ignorance • Superstition • Increase income generating • Poverty and backwardness sources • High migration rate • Poor economic condition • Execution of awareness • Depopulation programme • Equitable distribution of development opportunities • Expansion of development facilities 262 SOCIAL STUDIES AND POPULATION EDUCATION - BOOK 7

KANCHANPUR Sudurpashchim Province Karnali Province N SOCIAL STUDIES AND POPULATION EDUCATION - BOOK 7 Provincial Map of Nepal Godawari Gandaki Province Bagmati Province Birendranagar WEST Pokhara EAST Province: 1 Province: 5 BRuUtPwAaNlDEHI NAWAL NAWAELASPTARASI PARASI Provincial Headquarters WEST K - Kathmandu Hetauda Janakpur B - Bhaktapur L - Lalitpur Province: 2 Biratnagar 263

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