Flip Book class-6

Computer Software CHAPTER 4 Student : It's a magic! A machine could do a work. But this computer can work multiple This chapter includes: works and multiple places • Introduction of Soft- ware as we need. How is it pos- • Types of Software: sible, Sir ! • System, Application, Teacher : Well ! Computer needs soft- Utility Software ware, due to this it can make it possible. It is as like our soul. It brings life to the computer. Student : Let's Share more idea about software, sir. Teacher : Software is a program included set of instructions. What computer has to do, all the instructions are set in the program. When we run the program, then computer works. We can make different types of software in order to work for computer. Let's discuss in detail........... INTRODUCTION OF SOFTWARE Computer Software is a set of programs, which is designed to perform a well-defined function. A program is a sequence of instructions written to solve a particular problem. We can compare the software with our soul because It brings life to the computer. Without software computer machine is as like as a dead body which can not perform any activities. Common types software are: 1. System Software 2. Application Software Smart Computer Science Book-6 45

System Software The system software is a collection of programs designed to operate, control, and extend the processing capabilities of the computer. System software are generally prepared by computer man- ufactures. The programs of these soft- ware are written in low-level language. So, such software can interact with the hardware at a very basic level. System software serves as the interface between hardware and the end users. Some examples of system software are Operating System (MS-DOS, Windows, MacOS, LINUX, Android), Programming Language and Lan- guage Translators (Compilers, Interpreter, Assemblers), Utility Software( Antivirus Software, Disk Clean up software). System software is classi- fied into three types: (i) Operating system (ii) Language & translators (iii) Utility Software. Application software Application software are designed to fulfill a particular need of a particular environ- ment. So, we can defined \"The software which is designed to perform a specific task is called application software, such as word processing, graphic designing, movie editing, web designing, electric- ity bill, telephone bill preparing software, etc.\" The application software is also clas- sified into two categories: (i) Packaged Software (ii) Tailored software. 46 Computer Software

Utility Software Utility software performs day to day tasks, related to the maintenance of the computer system. It is used to support, improve, expand and se- cure existing programs and data in the computer system. Certain utility software comes along with the oper- ating system. Some utility software are available for free as per require- ment, some of the utilities are to be purchased from market. Some of the tasks commonly performed by utilities software include formatting of hard disks, pen drive, taking backup of files stored disk, data recovery, virus protection etc. Points to Know • Computer Software is a set of programs, which is designed to perform a well- defined function. • A program is a sequence of instructions written to solve a particular problem. • We can compare the software with our soul because It brings life to the computer. • The system software is collection of programs designed to operate, control, and extend the processing capabilities of the computer itself. • System software are written in low-level language. So, such software can interact with the hardware at a very basic level. • System software serves as the interface between hardware and the end users. • Application software are designed to full fill a particular need of a particular environ- ment. • Utility software performs day to day tasks related to the maintenance of the com- puter system. Smart Computer Science Book-6 47

Terms to Know Program : Set of instructions enabling a computer to solve a problem. Software : Set of computer programs. Operating System : A software program that enables the computer hardware to communicate and operate with the computer software. Language translator : A computer program that acts as a translator between our lan- guage and computer language 0 and 1. Package software : Software that is designed to meet the requirements of general- ized user. Tailored Software : Application software designed to meet the requirement of spe- cific user. Formatting Disk : The process of preparing a data storage device such as a hard disk Computer virus : Computer program design to destruct the computer. Worksheet Objective Questions 1. Fill in the blanks a. Software brings ......................................... to the computer. b. Programs of system software are written in ................................language. c. System software are generally prepared by computer........................................ d. System software serves as the ................................. between hardware and end user. e. ......................... are designed to fulfill a particular need of a particular environ- ment. f. ............................... performs day to day tasks related to the maintenance of the computer system. 48 Computer Software

2. State whether the following statements are true or false. a. Software is the soul of computer b. Aneroid is an operating system software. c. Graphic design software is a system software. d. Software is a set of programs. e. Application software is designed to operate, control and expand the processing capabilities. 3. Match the following Group A Group B a. Compiler Application software b. MS-DOS Utility Software c. Word processing software System Software d. Virus protection software Operating system software Descriptive Questions 1. Answer the following questions: a. What is software ? Ans: ............................................................................................................................. ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... b. What is computer program ? Ans: ............................................................................................................................ ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... Smart Computer Science Book-6 49

..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... c. Why is software called the soul of the computer ? Ans: ............................................................................................................................ ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................... d. Why is system software designed ? Ans: ............................................................................................................................ ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................... e. Which types of software interact with the hardware from basic level? Ans: ............................................................................................................................ ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... f. Why is utility software designed? Ans: ............................................................................................................................ ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................... 50 Computer Software

Analytical Case Study Questions : 1. Mandakini is feeling that her computer is getting slow and performance is poor day to day. In this case how would she solve this problem? 2. Rabina Tandukar has purchased computer for home use. Specially which types of software would she install for work? 3. Shanta Ram Chaudhary is going to purchase a computer for his office.? a. Which type of software should he install to start up and operate the computer? b. The computer will be used for sales billing of his company, which type of software should be installed by Shanta Ram for this purpose? Give your appropriate logic. c. He is also interested to use this computer for typing general official document, web design and some graphics design, Which type of software should Mr. Santa Ram install for this case? Mention your logic. Smart Computer Science Book-6 51

Activities 1. Visit your computer Lab and list out types of software, their use and func- tion, which are used in your computer lab with their developer company for your project work. 2. Organize an inter class debate compe- tition in the school with the help of your IT club, on the topic \"Computer Soft- ware is more important than Computer hardware in the computing.\" Manage all the essential requirement such as place, audience, chief guest, panel of Judges, provision of prize. etc. 3. Watch the video given you to explore more idea. You may download from www. memoricapublication.com Project Work 1. Prepare the complete Project Report on 'Soft- ware and their functional principle'. It is ex- pected that your report comes with a new idea and unique which should prove that you have ex- cellent knowledge of this topic. Make provision to keep best report in Library for the references for up coming students. 52 Computer Software

ICT & Cyber Law CHAPTER 5 Niru : Shit ! We may punished if we misuse the computer. Let's see, sir is writing. And This chapter includes: See Virus ! It's very danger ! • Introduction of ICT Teacher : Of course. A lot of crimes and its usages. and ethical issues may • Computer Ethics and Cyber Law. come in the use of computer • Introduction of Com- ICT. So, to control such mat- puter viruses ter, there are some provi- sion of law called cyber law. Niru : Vvv Virus Sir !. Teacher : It is a computer program but very harmful for com- puters. It may cause slow down to the computer, stop working, mall functioning. Even computer software may crash. INTRODUCTION OF ICT 53 ICT Stands for \"Information and Communication Technology.\" It is a combination of communica- tion technologies which provides easy environment to access in- formation through out the world. It is similar to Information Tech- nology (IT), but focuses primar- ily on communication technolo- gies. This includes the Internet, Smart Computer Science Book-6

wireless networks, cell phones, radio, TV (Television), and other com- munication mediums. Using the ICT, people can communicate in real-time with others in dif- ferent places such as instant messaging, telecommunication, video -conferences,etc. Social networking web sites like Facebook, Twitter al- low users to remain in contact and communicate on a regular basis from all over the world. Modern information and communication technology has created a \"Global village\" in which people can communicate with others across the world as if they were living next door. APPLICATION FIELDS OF ICT ICT in Education: Now a days ICT is being used in education sector. Using internet, we can search a lot of study material. A lot of educational mate- rial scan be posted in the world Wide Web (WWW) which we can easily ac- cess and study. By watching online television and e-news paper also we can extend our knowledge. In the school and colleges, teacher can use to tech ICT tools such as com- puter, multimedia projector, audio video system, etc. In this way, ICT has introduced the easiest way of teaching & learning for both students and teachers. ICT in business: Using ICT we can run the business by sitting in our own home. Using e-com- merce, we can sell and buy prod- ucts through out the internet and computer. Easily we can promote and advertise the product and 54 ICT & Cyber Law

service world wide using the ICT. ICT in Banking: ICT is making very ease for the banking system. We can withdraw- als money any time using ATM (Automat- ic Teller Machine). Using the modern ICT technology, Banks are giving the very fast and instant service such as SMS and mo- bile banking, online transaction system, online opening bank account and pur- pose loan application, online transaction report, etc. ICT in communication: Using the ICT, now a days communication is very easy, within a single click we can send and receive our e-mails. We perform online chatting and video conference , on- line messaging, video and audio telephony, etc. around the world. ICT in crime : ICT has introduced a lot of things which prevents people commit- ting crime. CCTV camera, GPRS (Gen- eral packet radio service system), using database for finding criminals' informa- tion are some unique things which can not be possible without the blessings of ICT. The police use GPRS to track some- one's car,mobile phone, if it is stolen. Po- lice uses CCTV camera to detect criminals' face. Fingerprint is another Smart Computer Science Book-6 55

special method which the police can identify the thieves. CYBER LAW Cyber law is a part of the overall legal provision that deals with the In- ternet, cyberspace, and their respective legal issues. Cyber law covers a fairly broad area, encompassing several subtopics including freedom of expression, access and usage of the Internet, and online privacy. So, cyber law has been referred to as the Law of the Internet or WWW (World Wide Web). Cyber law includes a wide variety of legal issues related with the use of communication technology, such as the use of Internet as well as any other form of computer, digital processing and related devices. The ma- jor components included in the cyber law are: • Electronic and Digital Signature Law • Computer Crime/Cyber Crime Law • Intellectual Property Law • Data Protection and Privacy Law • Telecommunication Law Computer ethics Computer ethics deal with the procedures, values and practices that govern the process of using computing technology and its related disci- plines without damaging or violating the moral values and beliefs of any individual, organization or entity. Computer ethics include: • You should not search the file or record of other people. • You should not destroy, steal and use the computer password of other people. • You should not steal, destroy, and use the digital signature. • You should not destroy, erase or edit the personal or public records. • You should not disclose the secrecy of computer. • You should not spread false and illegal information. 56 ICT & Cyber Law

• You should not copy or use software for which you have not paid. • You should not use a computer to steal. • You should not use other people's computer resources without authorization or prop- er compensation. COMPUTER VIRUS Computer virus is a computer program. It is not a living organism. It is developed with the intention of destroying, damaging, deleting the data and programs residing in the com- puter system and crash the storage device. So, when computer is infected by virus, It in- terferes in the normal functioning of the com- puter. It replicates itself by making own copies of itself without the user’s knowledge. How does computer virus infect your computer? A virus is usually passed through infected files of a disk and the Internet. Some viruses only transfer, if you boot your computer with an infected disk. Others can infect your system when you copy a file from an in- fected disk. Viruses can be passed when you download a file from the Internet or access data or programs on a network. Symptoms of Computer Virus • Programs take a long time to load. • Change in dates against the filenames in the directory. • Disk is suddenly accessed without a logical reason. • Increased use of disk space and growth in file size. • Computer system does not work according to the instructions. • Renaming all the files with different names. • Corrupting the system’s data. Smart Computer Science Book-6 57

Safe Computing • Scan the mail or unknown files of Internet before opening in your computer. • Use a good anti-virus program to scan computer disk. • Do not install-pirated software, especially computer games. • Do not interchange the internal disks among the computers. • Do not use the free distributed software. • Scan the disks frequently and take out the virus infected programs and files. Points to Know • ICT is such a type of technology that provides easy environment to access information through telecommunications. • Using the ICT, people can communicate in real-time with others in different places such as instant messaging, telecommunication, video-conferencing, etc. • ICT is eing used in almost every part of our life such as education, business, Bank, com- munication, crime, heath, science, etc. • The Cyberspace is governed by a system of rules and regulation called Cyber Law. • Cyber law includes a wide variety of legal issues related to the use of communication technology. • Computer ethics refers common moral sense that gives awareness to the user regarding the immoral behavior and activities in the computing field. • Computer virus is a computer program. It is not a living organism. • Computer virus is developed with the intention of destroying, damaging, deleting the data and programs residing in the computer system and crash the storage device. • A virus is usually passed through infected files of a disk and the Internet. • Police uses GPRS to track someone's car,mobile phone, etc. if it is stolen. • Using the modern ICT technology, banks are giving the very fast and instant service. • Using e-commerce, we can sell and buy products through out the internet. Using internet we can search a lot of study material. A lot of education material can be posted in the world Wide Web (WWW) which we can easily access and study. 58 ICT & Cyber Law

Terms to Know Communication : Sending and receiving messages, orders, request, etc. Computer network : Interconnection of two or more computers with each other. Wireless device : Device can transmit signals using an internal radio. Communication medium : Medium used to transmit data from one device to another Video conferences : video communication in long distance. E-Commerce : Business perform using internet. SMS : Sending short text messages in the form of electronic version. Online : Connected by computer to one or more other computers or networks or the Internet. Boot : Loading the operating system in the computer. Directory : An organizing unit in a computer's file system for storing and locating files also called folder. Pirated software : Unauthorized copied software. Cyberspace : Universe of computer network as internet. e-mail : Sending messages through links between computers or termi- nals using dedicated software. Web site : A connected group of electronic pages on the World Wide Web or internet. Worksheet Objective Questions 1. Fill in the blanks: a. ICT is similar to ................................... technology. b. Using ICT, people can communicate in ....................... with others. c. ICT has created ..................... ................. global world. d. Cyber space is .................................. by a system rules and regulation. e. Cyber Law includes .............................. issues related to the use of communica- tion technology. Smart Computer Science Book-6 59

f. Computer virus interference in the normal ............................. of the computer. 2. State whether the following statements are True (T) or False (F). a. Using ICT, people can not communicate with others across the world as if they were living next door. b. By looking TV and newspaper we can extend our knowledge. c. Teachers and students should be away from the ICT. d. ICT plays important role in controlling the crime. e. Computer ethics deals with the norms to use of ICT. f. Computer virus is a living organism. 3. Write the full forms: a. ICT....................................................... b. WWW............................................ c. CCTV ................................................. d. IT ..................................................... e. SMS ................................................... f. GPRS............................................... 4. Match the following Group-A Group-B a. ICT Computer program b. Cyber Law Give awareness to the user c. Computer Virus Focus communication technology d. Computer ethics Rules and regarding cyber space. Descriptive Questions 1. Answer the following questions: a. What do you mean by ICT ? Ans: ............................................................................................................................ .................................................................................................................................... 60 ICT & Cyber Law

..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... b. What can you do using ICT? Ans: ............................................................................................................................ ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... c. Write the major application fields of using ICT. Ans: ............................................................................................................................ ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................... d. What is cyber law ? Ans: ............................................................................................................................ ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... e. What does cyber law include? Ans: ............................................................................................................................ Smart Computer Science Book-6 61

..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... f. What do you mean by computer ethics? Ans: ............................................................................................................................ ..................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................... g. What is computer virus? Why is computer virus developed? Ans: ............................................................................................................................ ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... h. Write any three symptoms of computer virus. Ans: ............................................................................................................................ ..................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................... i. Write any three method for safe computing. Ans: ............................................................................................................................ ..................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................... 62 ICT & Cyber Law

Analytical Case Study Questions : 1. Ram Lal Chaudhary's computer suddenly malfunctioning with renaming files, corrupting data and increasing disk space. a. What is the problem of Ram Lal's computer? b. How can this problem be solved by Ram Lal? c. How could Ram Lal prevent this problem before facing? 2. Sonika Rapal is asking her friend Monika Darji to guess the password of other's friends to post the unnecessary false information: a. Are they going to do ethical work ? b. Which law is associated with this case? 3. Raj Bihari Lal Agrawal is a business man. His business offices are almost in all the major cities of the country. He intends to control all the offices from the head office : a. Which technology should Raj Bihari Lal use ? b. To conduct the meeting with all the branch Managers from central office, how is it pos- sible for him? c. Is it possible to know the banking financial transaction of all the branch offices by stay- ing in head office? d. Raj Bihari wants to watch the live activities of all the branch offices, What should he use for this case? 4. Hare Ram is going to celebrate his birthday party. He is interested to invite all the relatives and friends : a. Which method is effective him for this case? b. He is willing to make a live broadcast of his celebration for them who resides in abroad. How will Hare Ram make this activity possible? 5. Ram Pirit Shah is a mathematics teacher : a. Which technique and Tools should he used to get the teaching learning material? b. He asked you that how to make ICT base class, what will you suggest about this case so that he could make fully furnished ICT based class. Smart Computer Science Book-6 63

Activities 1. Visit the Computer Lab, and do the fol- lowing activities: a. Watch the respective video associated with this chapter that is given to you. Otherwise download from the website: www.memorica- publication.com. b. List out the equipment and resources used in your computer lab to make the ICT based class. How is being used ICT in your school and your home? Prepare a small report. 2. Organise group discussion in the following topics: a. Awareness of using ICT b. Illegal issues in the ICT c. ICT crime and punishment d. Security issues of ICT . e. Challenges of Spreading computer virus, symptoms of virus attack and safe com- puting. 3. Organise an inter class speech com- petition in the class room. The topic is \"ICT is making our life style easy, com- fortable and efficient.\" To prove this state- ment share idea, logic and view. The sub- ject to the matter must include. a. Background of ICT Development and infrastruc- ture of ICT. b. Major application field of ICT. c. How are we influenced by ICT day do day. d. Advantages and disadvantages, and conclu- sion. 64 ICT & Cyber Law

Internet & Browsing CHAPTER 6 Niru : Oh my God ! I have to com- This chapter includes: plete project work for which I have purchased a lot of • Introduction of Inter- books but also not getting net and requirement sufficient information ! to connect Internet. Teacher : Oh ! This is the age of Infor- • Terms used in Inter- mation Technology. To get net the information, you have to use IT instead of purchas- • Browsing the Internet ing books. It is cheaper, reli- • Introduction of E-mail able and efficient. Niru : Good idea Sir ! Thanks, Please Share idea to use. Teacher : Connect Net, browse it and start to search information that you need using search engine. You can get a lot of information. In spite of searching information, you can connect to a lot of people and ask and share the idea by just clicking the mouse. INTRODUCTION Internet is one of the largest networks that links millions or trillions of computers all over the world. It is also called the NET. It can pass information to each other within a fraction of second. Millions of people throughout the world use the Internet to share information and ideas, and to search for information on any topic. Using the in- Smart Computer Science Book-6 65

ternet, you can talk and send the messages to any person anywhere in the world. But your internet service must be accessed. Advantages of Internet The common advantages of internet are: 1. We can access to the long distance data very fast. 2. It offers very low cost communication. 3. It is interactive. 4. It provides huge information. 5. Free software can be downloaded from the different sites of the internet. REQUIREMENTS FOR INTERNET CONNECTION To connect the internet in your PC (Personal computer), you need differ- ent types of equipment: Computer System: To connect the internet, it needs more powerful computer like Pentium-IV or higher. The fast and powerful computer can make fast connectivity with the Internet. Modem: Modem stands for Modu- lator Demodulator. A modem is a peripheral device that allows us to connect and communicate between computer and Internet. There are two types of Modems: i) Internal Modem ii) External Modem Internal modems are fixed inside a computer motherboard whereas ex- ternal modems are placed outside the computer. The speeds of the Mo- dems are measured in bps (bits per second). Communication channel: Communication channel is a connection medium between transmitter and receiver through which data can be transmitted. A telephone line, radio waves, cables, etc. are example of communication channel. 66 Internet & Browsing

ISP: ISP stands for Internet Service Provider. It is a company which provides the connection and access to the Internet. Some of the popular ISP in Nepal are: a. Broadlink b. Vianet c. Classic Tech d. SUBISU a. WORLDLINK Browser : Browser is a program that lets us to ac- cess the www (world wide web) and find information from the internet. Internet explorer, Mozilla Firefox, Google Chrome, Opera are popular browsers. Trick & TIPS NCSA Mosaic was the first graphical web browser, developed by National Center for Super Computing Application, University of Illinois, USA , in early 1990's. TERMS OF INTERNET www (World Wide Web) World Wide Web is a collection of pages on the Internet which displays a Variety of information such as text, graphics, sounds, animation that can be accessed people all over the world. Web Page A web page is a document formatted with a special language called HTML (Hyper Text Markup Language). A web page may consist of a text, graphics, sounds, animated pictures, hyper link etc. The informa- tion of the web page may be displayed on the user’s computer using the browser. Website A website is a collection of web pages, linked together through hyper links. It is similar to a magazine. As you can flip through the pages of a magazine, you can move from one page to another on a website using the hyper links. Moving from one website to another is called Net surf- ing. Smart Computer Science Book-6 67

Web server A Web server is a system that delivers content or services to end users over the Internet. A Web server consists of a physi- cal server computer, server operating system (OS) and software used to facilitate com- munication. A Web server is also known as an Internet server. Uniform Resource Locator (URL) URL is the address or location of a document on the Internet. You can instantly display a web page if you know its URL. A web page URL starts with http (Hyper Text Transfer Protocol) and contains the com- puter name, directory name and name of the web page. URLs of some websites are : http/www.nepalnews.com http/www.lunar.com http/www.abcnews.com http/www.bbcworldsevice.com Home Page The starting page of a website is called the home page. It is similar to a book cover or a table of con- tents for Website. It pro- vides information about the site’s purpose and content. It contains intro- ductory information about the website that has been 68 Internet & Browsing

accessed, together with links to the actual details of services or informa- tion. Let's visit the website http/www.yahoo.Com. Hyper Links Hyper Links is simply known as Links which are highlighted text or im- ages that are on the web pages. Hyper links jump to a new document or a new section within the current document. With the hyper-links we can easily move through a vast amount of information by jumping from one web page to another. Hyper-links appear underlined and in color on the web page so that these can be easily identified. When you move the cursor over a hyperlink, whether it is text or an image, the arrow should change to a small hand pointing at the link. Browsing the Internet Browsing the internet refers to access the internet in comput- er and get the information as we like. It is done by using the browser software such as inter- net explorer, Google Chrome, etc. To browse the internet do the following: Steps to Follow: Step-1 : Connect your computer to the internet through the communi- cation channel. Step-2 : Double click on browser. Step-3 : Type the URL address. Searching Engines A search engine is a web based software program that you can use to find Web- Smart Computer Science Book-6 69

sites, web pages and internet files. Search engines are particularly help- ful in the locating WebPages on certain topics or locating specific pages for which you do not know the exact URL. To find a page or pages, you enter a word or phrases, called search text or keywords, in the search engine’s text box. Some of the popular search engines are: http/www.khoj.com http/www.google.com http/www.infoseek.com http/www.altavista.com Searching Information If you have to search any information in the internet, you have to follow the following steps: Steps to Follow: Step-1 : Browse your Internet by double clicking the browser. Step-2 : Type the url name of your search engine (For example: www.google.com) Step-3 : Now, type the searching keyword on the search box of Search engine. Step-4 : Now, you get the list of related links. Step-5 : Find your best link, and click it, then open the website of the link, where you get the information that you want. Trick & TIPS Search words should be very specific and should match exactly what you are looking for, otherwise you will get a lot of unnec- essary page links may cause of waste of time. 70 Internet & Browsing

E-mail Electronic Mail is the most common service available on the Internet. Using E-mail, you can send mail to any part of the world in the form of electronic documents. The E-mail documents can include text as well as graphics, audio, video, etc. Users can send unlimited numbers of free E-mail messages to millions of people around the world so that E-mail is very popular among the internet users. E-mail is a great way to connect to friends and relatives staying in any part of the world. Similarity between E-mail and Postal-mail service E-mail is similar to Postal-mail in the following ways: • Both E-mail and Postal-mail are forwarded to a mailing address. • Sender does not know when E-mail and Postal-mail will be read by receiver. • Both mails are come back when they are not received. • Both mails can be read by unauthorized persons. • Mailing list subscription can be provided to both E-mail and Postal Mail. Different between E-mail and Postal-mail service E-mail Postal mail a. It is delivered within few minutes. a. It may take days, weeks, or even months to reach to the designation b. It's service is free of cost. b. Postal-mail requires service charge as well postal stamp. c. E-mail can be received by any c. Postal mail can be received only from the computer in the world having In- delivered address. ternet connection. Smart Computer Science Book-6 71

Creating G-mail Account Gmail account is a free Google Account with an email address that ends in @gmail.com. From the Gmail mailbox, user can also access Google Docs, Google Calendar and Google Sites. The account also allows us- ers to instantly login to the dozens of other Google applications like Pi- casa, Blogger and Maps. To create a gmail account, follw the following steps: Step-1 : Open the Internet browser (Google Chrome, Firefox, Opera, etc) Step-2 : You’ll now be in the ‘Sign in’ section. As you don’t have a Google account yet, you need to create one. Click Create an account. Step 3 : Set-up :- To set up your new account, Google needs some information about you – first, your first and last names. The ‘choose your user name’ is the unique email address that you wish to use, which will be placed before ‘@Gmail’. Step 4 : verification :- To get to the next steps you will need to Accept Google's privacy and terms first, once you have read it click the I Agree button. Step 5 : Google mail dashboard :- You will be automatically redirected to Gmail's dashboard and once you have read all of the infor- mation your Gmail is now ready to use. Step 6 : Creating a profile picture :- You will now have set up your account. You can go straight to your inbox and get started, or you can set up a photo to show as your profile picture. To set up your profile picture click on the profile icon on the top right hand corner of the page and click Change. Step 7 : Completing your setup :- You can complete your Google mail setup by clicking the available resources on the dashboard. 72 Internet & Browsing

Points to Know • Internet is one of the largest networks that links millions or trillions of computers all over the world. • Requirement for internet connection are Computer system, Modem, Communication channel, ISP and browser. • World Wide Web is a collection of pages on the Internet which display a variety of infor- mation such as text, graphics, sounds, animation,etc. • A web page is a document formatted with a special language called HTML of Markup language. • A website is a collection of web pages, linked together through hyper links. It is similar to a magazine. • A Web server is a system that delivers content or services to end users over the Internet. • URL is the address or location of a document on the Internet. • The starting page of a browser is called the home page. It is similar to a book cover or a table of contents for Website. • Hyper- links connect to other pages on the web. • Browsing the internet refers to access the internet in computer and get the information as we like. • A search engine is a web based software program that you can use to find Websites, web pages and internet files. • Electronic Mail is the service available on the Internet. Using E-mail, you send mail to any part of the world in the form of electronic documents. Points to Know NET : Network (Commonly called Internet) Radio waves : longest wavelengths in the electromagnetic spectrum. HTML : Standard markup language used to create web pages Net Surfing : Doing activities using internet Web base : Any software that runs in a web browser. Postal mail : Mail sends through the post office. Smart Computer Science Book-6 73

Worksheet Objective Questions 1. Fill in the blanks: a. Internet is also called the................................ b. ......................... can be download from the different sites of the internet. c. ...................... channel is a connection medium between transmitter and receiv- er. d. ISP provides ...................... and ............................ to the internet. e. ............................ is a program that lets us find information from internet. f. .................................... is a collection of web pages on the internet. g. A search engine is a ............................ based software program. h. URL starts with ........................... 2. State whether the following statements are true or false. a. A web page is a document formatted with language called HTML. b. The information of the web page displayed without browser. c. Web server is a system that delivers content or services to end us- ers over the internet. d. Web site is the address or location of a document on the intent. e. The end page of a websites is called the home page. f. Hyper links connect to other pages on the web. g. Browsing the internet refers to access the internet. h. E-mial is a services of the internet. 74 Internet & Browsing

3. Write the full forms : NET........................................................ MODEM....................................................... PC ......................................................... WWW.......................................................... ISP ........................................................ HTML.......................................................... E-mail ................................................... URL............................................................ 4. Match the following Group 'A' Group 'B' a. Internet Internet service provider. b. Radio wave Internet service provider c. ISP Communication channel d. Browser First page of web site e. URL Highlight text or images f. Home page Computer Program g. Hyper-Link Address or location Descriptive Questions 1. Answer the following questions: a. What is internet ? Ans: ............................................................................................................................ ..................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................... b. What can you do using internet? Smart Computer Science Book-6 75

Ans: ............................................................................................................................ ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... c. Write three advantages of internet. Ans: ............................................................................................................................ ..................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................... d. Write the basic requirements of internet connection. Ans: ............................................................................................................................ ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... e. What is modem? What is its function? Ans: ............................................................................................................................ ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................... f. What is the role of ISP? Ans: ............................................................................................................................ ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... 76 Internet & Browsing

.................................................................................................................................... g. What is web server? Ans: ............................................................................................................................ ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... h. What are the contains of the home page of web site? Ans: ............................................................................................................................ ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................... i. What is the function of hyper links? Ans: ............................................................................................................................ ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... j. What do you mean by browsing the internet? Ans: ............................................................................................................................ ..................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................... k. What can you do using search engine? Ans: ............................................................................................................................ ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... Smart Computer Science Book-6 77

..................................................................................................................................... l. Why do you use e-mail? Ans: ............................................................................................................................ ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................... m. Write three similarities between e-mail and postal service. Ans: ............................................................................................................................ ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................... n. Write differences between e-mail and postal service. E-mail Postal Service 78 Internet & Browsing

Analytical case study Questions: 1. Mishri Lal Yadab has connected internet in his computer. But he could not access the internet. What would you suggest him to access to the internet? 2. Shivani Chaudhary has to complete her project work so that she has stud- ied a lot of books, news paper, magazine, but also she could not get suf- ficient information for the project work. What would you suggest her to get sufficient information? 3. Observe the following pictures and differentiate between them: a. Write the name of the Logos . b. What do these two logos represent ? 4. Satyam has celebrated his 12th birthday. He is interested to send the some video clips and phots of birthday celebration to his relatives who stay in USA and London instantly. What would he do for this case? Mention your strong logic. 5. Sumitra Chamling has opened the given page of website. Let's see the page and answer the given questions: a. How many links are there in the para- graph? b. If you click in any link, what would hap- pen? Smart Computer Science Book-6 79

Activities 1. Suppose you are planning to visit Pokhara and Kathmandu with your parents in this summer vacation so that search the following information: • Tourist places of Pokhara, • Hotel booking in in pokhara. • Pilgrimages in Pokhara • Tourist places in Kathmandu • Pilgrimages in Kathmandu • Hotel booking in Kathamndu • Search the information about Pash- upatinath, Boudhanath and Swy- ambunath. 2. Your school is going to conduct an inter school essay writing completion on the topic 'Save the Environment' . Now, search the information related to this topics. 3. Visit your Computer Lab and create a Google account then send the email us at [email protected]. Write a request for accepting member- ship of the site at memeoricapublication. com to download the video and partici- pate in the online exam. 80 Internet & Browsing

Project Work 1. Prepare a complete Project Re- port on the topic of 'Connection and Browsing Procedure of In- ternet'. This project report certifies that you have gained complete knowledge in the interest of this lesson. The Project Reports includes the following : a. Background and introduction of Internet. e. Common Terms of Interests. b. Beneficial aspects of Internet. f. Browsing Procedure c. Challenging factors of the Inter- g. Safety Browsing h. Importance of Search Engine and net d. Connection requirements of Internet. E-mail The Project Work will be expected to present with Text, Photo, Video and Interview. 2. Organise a social awareness pro- gram with the slogan \"Safe I n - ternet Browsing and using ICT prevents us from illegal issue\" at your School Locality with initia- tion of your School. The Program should include the following: a. Advantages and Changeless of Internet browsing and using ICT. b. Illustrate the possible criminal activities with this technology. c. Precaution being wrong in the use of ICT and Internet Browsing. Smart Computer Science Book-6 81

Multimedia Technology CHAPTER 7 Teacher : Hii guys! This is the fun time ! Today, we are going to discuss about Multimedia . This chapter includes: Niru : How is it fun ? I had heard • Introduction of Multi- about Multimedia CD-ROM. media • Multimedia Computer Teacher : Exactly ! Multimedia makes System fun for us by playing games, • Application of Multi- media listening music, watching movies and videos, etc. Niru : Wow, interesting ! Lets dis- cuss Sir. Teacher : Multimedia is a technology with combination of text, graphics, sound, animation and video. Due to this, it makes fun in the computer. INTRODUCTION Multimedia means multiple forms of media. Multimedia has become an necessary part of any presentation. It applies interactive elements, such as graphics, text, video, sound, and animation to deliver a message. Multimedia technology refers to in- teractive computer-based applica- tions that allows people to commu- nicate and share ideas and information with digital and print elements. 82 Multimedia Technology

Nowadays, it is found in almost every fields such as entertainment, edu- cation, business, communication, research, etc. The evolution of inter- net has also increased the demand for multimedia contents. MULTIMEDIA COMPUTER SYSTEM A multimedia computer system is one that can create, import, integrate, store, retrieve, edit, and delete two or more types of media materials in digital form, such as audio, image, full-motion video, and text informa- tion. So, it needs different types of components to manipulate the such data and information related to the multimedia application. Some of the common components are: a. Computer b. CD-ROM c. CD ROM drive d. Sound card e. Microphone f. Head phone g. Digital camera h. Projector i. Software (Windows Media Player, Adobe illustrator, Macromedia Flash etc) Each of these components has a specific function that helps to regulate the multimedia system as each organ of our body has a specific function that helps to regulate our body. COMPOSITION OF MULTIMEDIA Text Text is an important component used in multimedia applications. Text contains alphanumeric and some other special characters. They are used to create Smart Computer Science Book-6 83

words, sentences and paragraphs to present the information. Text can be changed with graphic design technology. Such as it can be changed using different font style, size, color, special effects like shadow, stroke, etc. Text alone provides just one source of information in the multimedia technology. Graphics Graphics is such a technology to gener- ate, represent, process, manipulate, and display pictures. Generally graphics in- cludes photographs, drawings, Line art, graphs, diagrams, typography, numbers, symbols, geometric designs, maps, en- gineering drawings, or other images. Audio This technology records, synthesizes, and plays audio (sound). It is a mean- ingful speech in any language that can be made more interesting with adding special effects. It is the most important feature of multimedia to listen sound for real time. We can record the audio sound using microphone and modify it using sound editing software then used in multimedia technology to present the informa- tion to the audience. It adds in more tasty flavour to deliver the information for audience. It is more interactive, effective in the comparison of text and graph- ics media because it gives the clear sound of the speaker. Video This technology records, arranges, and displays images in such sequences that makes the real event. Real event video is captured and edited using vid- 84 Multimedia Technology

eo editing software which presents the real action. Such as dancing, running, fighting, etc. Both sound and picture are used in this technology. It is most real time action presentation medium for the audience. It is more interactive, effective in the comparison of text, graphics and sound medium. When some one watches video presentation that retains in his mind for long time. Animation Animation on computers is one of the chief ingredients of multimedia presen- tations. Computer animation is a mod- ern technology, which helps for creating, developing, sequencing, and displaying a set of images. Sound can also be add- ed with the animation to make more in- teractive and effective. Animation gives visual effects or motion that makes a picture is moving. Using animation, very complicated action can be explained clearly whose video recording is impossible, such as revolution of earth, ger- mination of plant, blood circulation in the body, etc . Cartoons on television is one of the common example of full animation. Application of Multimedia Multimedia in business- presentations,training, marketing, advertis- ing, product demos, simula- tions, catalogues, messages, network communications, vid- eo conference. All these ele- ments allow businesses to run smoothly and effectively using multimedia technology. Smart Computer Science Book-6 85

Multimedia in schools : It switches the teaching process. The teacher will become a fa- cilitator of learning, rather than the traditional role of provider of information and understand- ing. Multimedia at home : Multimedia can be used at home for several purposes, like complete assign- ment, get reference for work, enter- tainment such as watching movies and cartoons, playing games, etc. Multimedia in public places : in hotels, trains, malls, muse- ums, multimedia is available as kiosk providing information and help to the consumers. Multimedia in Medicine : In Medicine, doctors can get trained by looking at a virtual surgery or they can simulate how the hu- man body is affected by diseas- es spread by viruses and bacte- ria and then develop techniques to prevent it. Entertainment : In addition, multimedia is heavily used in the enter- 86 Multimedia Technology

tainment industry, especially to develop special effects in movies and animations. Some video games also use multime- dia features. Multimedia appli- cations also allow users to ac- tively participate instead of just sitting by as passive recipients of information are called Interactive Multimedia. Points to Know • Multimedia technology refers to interactive, computer-based applications. • Multimedia technology allows people to communicate and share ideas and information with digital and print elements. • A multimedia computer system is one that can create, import, integrate, store, retrieve, edit, and delete two or more types of media. • Text, graphics, audio, video and animation are the five multimedia composition. • Multimedia is heavily used in the entertainment industry especially to develop special ef- fects in movies and animations and also used in education for learning method. Terms to Know Multimedia : The integration of text, audio, sound, images and animation. Video : Activities display on the screen in moving action. Audio : A sound range the human ear is capable of hearing. Animation : The moving graphic images and text. Graphics : The display of still-frame pictures or photos on a computer screen Projector : An output device that can take images generated by a computer and reproduce them on a large, flat surface. Kiosk : A public stand that supplies text, graphics, video, animation and sound information to the user. Smart Computer Science Book-6 87

Worksheet Objective Questions 1. Fill in the blanks: a. Multimedia technology refers to ............................... computer base application. b. Multimedia has become an necessary part of any............................................ c. The evolution of ............................................ has also increase the demand for multimedia contents. d. Multimedia means ...................................... forms of media. e. In the multimedia computer system one can edit media materials in ................. ........................forms. 2. State whether the following statements are true or false. a. CD ROM is used to store multimedia programs. b. Multimedia allows us to communicate and share idea and informa- tion. c. Head phone is used in multimedia system. d. Multimedia is used in only private places. e. Multimedia is useless for doctors. f. Text is not included in multimedia. Descriptive Questions 1. Answer the following questions: a. What do you mean by multimedia? What does it include? Ans: ............................................................................................................................ ..................................................................................................................................... 88 Multimedia Technology

..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... b. Write the components of multimedia. Ans: ............................................................................................................................ ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................... c. Why do you use multimedia in home? Ans: ............................................................................................................................ ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................... d. Why is multimedia used in entertainment industries? Ans: ............................................................................................................................ ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................... Smart Computer Science Book-6 89

.................................................................................................................................... e. How is multimedia useful for the doctors? Ans: ............................................................................................................................ ..................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................... f. How does multimedia system help in public places? Ans: ............................................................................................................................ ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................... Analytical Case Study Questions: 1. Chandramani Rajbansi is going to establish a music video production com- pany: a. Which technology would he use for this task? b. Prepare the list of components used in his company's computers for producing the music video? c. How does his company produce attractive music videos? d. Which media would company use to distribute the music video in the market? 2. Kapil Deb Bhatta is going to establish a school. He is wiling to furnish his school fully digital. What should he do for this case? 90 Multimedia Technology

Activities 1. Visit the Computer Lab, and do the following activities: a. Watch the respective video associated with this chapter given to you. b. List out the equipment and resources used in your computer lab to make the multimedia base teaching learning. 2. Organize class group discussion in the following topics: a. Application of multimedia b. Composition of multimedia c. Advantages and disadvantages of mul- timedia. d. Record the video of your group discus- sion. e. Note down the conclusion of discussion in every topic. 3. Organize a class debate competition in the class room. The topic is \"Video is better than Animation in multimedia\" a. Arrange the essential requirements of debate competition. b. You have to display a chart paper for the better presentation that helps to draw the attention of your audience. c. Awards to the best speaker and pre- senter. d. You have to record the video of debate competition. Smart Computer Science Book-6 91

Project Work 1. Prepare a complete Project Report on the topic of 'Concept of Multi- media Technology'. This project report will certify that you gained complete knowledge in the interest of this lesson. The project reports should include the following : a. Project background. b. Introduction of multimedia and com- ponents of multimedia c. Application of multimedia d. Composition of multimedia e. Advantages and disadvantages of multimedia. f. Prepare the CD of group discussion and debate competition which you orga- nize in activities based class. 92 Multimedia Technology

Operating System CHAPTER Miku : It's magic ! How does 8 computer hardware work, sir ? This chapter includes: Teacher : It's interesting. It needs • Introduction of OS • Functions of OS software which brings life to • Introduction of Windows the computer. Operating System Miku : I have heard but Which • Common terms of Windows software brings life Sir? • Practical Activities Teacher : First, it needs operating System to bring life to the computer that makes all the hardware components active and create working environment. So, Operating System is also called soul of the computer. Miku : Now, does it work properly? Teacher : It's not enough. To instruct the computer, It needs other software. These software are also managed by operating system. Let's discuss in detail about operating system. INTRODUCTION OF OPERATING SYSTEM An operating system is a group of computer programs that coordinates all the activities among computer hardware devices and enables the user to interact with the computer. It is the first program loaded into the computer by a boot program and remains in memory at all times until computer is on. There are two types of operating system in the basis of user: Smart Computer Science Book-6 93

a. Single user operating system b. Multiple user operating system SINGLE USER OPERATING SYSTEM The operating system which is designed to use on one computer by only one user is called single user operating system. It is typically used in single laptop and desktop computer in homes and offices. It supports one user at a time. MS-DOS(Micro Soft Disk Operating System), ver- sion of Windows 98 are example of popular single user operating sys- tem. MULTI USER OPERATING SYSTEM The operating system which allows multiple users to access the data and processes result of a single machine from different computers called multiuser operating system. A multi-user operating system is often used in offices where different users need to access the same resources, but these resources cannot be installed on every system. Windows NT, UNIX, Linux are example of popular multiuser operating system. FUNCTIONS OF OPERATING SYSTEM a. Booting the computer d. Managing the various peripheral devices b. Provides user interface e. Provides file management c. Handles system resources MICROSOFT WINDOWS Microsoft Windows is one of the most popular operating system, devel- oped by Microsoft Company in the USA. It manages the working of a computer and allows you to work in the computer. When you switch on the computer, the Windows operating system gets loaded into the computer memory automatically. While loading , the pic- ture of the 'Starting Windows flag' will appear on the screen which indi- cates computer is booting. So, the process of starting up the computer 94 Operating System