Flip Book class-5 new

Approved by Curriculum Development Centre (CDC) , Sanothimi, Bhaktapur, Nepal Smart Computer Science Book-5 Author Prabhu Ram Khadka M. Sc. IT (SMU), B. Ed. (TU) MeMorica Pvt. Ltd. Publishers & Distributors Maitidevi, Katmandu

Book : Smart Computer Science Book-5 : Prabhu Ram Khadka Author : Sharan Ratna Sthapit Language Shivahari Sapkota Editors Publisher : MeMorica Pvt. Ltd. Edition Maitidevi, Kathmandu Copyright Ph: 01-4438703 ISBN : 1st 2076B.S. (2020 AD) Price : All rights reserved with the author : 978-9937-9382-6-6 : NRs. 221.00/- For suggestion and advice please contact at [email protected] Cell : 9841816625, 9813303490 (Viber/Messenger) https://www.facebook.com/prabhuram.khadka.9 URL: www.memoricapublication.com

About this Book Creative Computer Science is a graded series of Eight textbooks prepared for class 1 to 8. This series of book is comprehensively designed on the basis of guide lines and syllabi designed by Government of Nepal, Ministry of educa- tion, Curriculum development centre. Beginning with the very basic concept of computer, the series gradually in- troduces more advanced aspects of computing concept, skill and software to students as they go to higher classes. It attempts to include latest software required for the daily working. I hope, this series shall be helpful in the overall development of the learners. Salient features • Step by step simple technique and tools. • Simple vocabulary and language. • Practical approach based • Worksheet based. • Logical analysis and case study base for enhancing creativeness. • Activity based. • Project work based. Although I’ve tried my best no to do any mistake as far as possible, some errors may have crept in without noticing. If so that I’d like to request the re- spected teachers to correct the mistakes for the students. Comments and constructive suggestions from students, teachers and well wishers are always welcome. Constructive advice will be incorporated in the next edition. I duly thank duo of Mr. Sharan Ratna Sthapit and Mr. Shivahari Sapkota for their contribution on editing of language through out the series of books. My hearty thanks go to Mr. Bidhan Khadka for his effort of bringing my work ac- complished. Prabhu Ram Khadka The Author

TABLE OF CONTENTS Ch. Title Pg. no. 1. Introduction of computer 1-12 2. computer memory 13-27 3. more on WindoWs 28-51 4. editing & formatting in ms-Word 52-81 5. presentation With poWerpoint 82-111 6. introduction of internet 112-125 7. programming Language 126-135 8. more on Logo programming 136-152

CHAPTER 1 Introduction of Computer Hari : Hey Lakpa! Today, I saw a computer in the bus station. You know ! The ticketing man was using a computer for booking tickets. Lakpa : Nowadays Computers are be- ing used every where; it isn’t only used in the bus station; Hari, You can see in every place such as banks, depart- ment store, schools, hotels, hospital, etc. Where are not they found? It is a very friendly and useful machine. INTRODUCTION Computers are being used in almost all the fields. There is hardly any area of application, where you will not find the use of computers. Wherever you go, you will find computers. They are useful; so they can be seen almost everywhere. Let’s discuss about the major application of computers. COMPUTER AT HOME At home, Computers are used for different purposes. Such as playing games, listen- ing to music, watching movies, drawing pictures, writing letters and send e-mail to relatives and friends, doing home work, cal- Smart Page Computer Science Book-5 1

culate monthly income and expenses of home, etc. COMPUTERS IN SCHOOL Commuter has come as a subject to teach in the school. Teachers are us- ing computer for preparing lessons for teaching lessons using CBP(Computer Based Program) of related subject and preparing report cards. Comput- ers are also helpful in other activities of schools like preparation of results, making time-table and keeping records of students, teachers and other things, etc. COMPUTERS IN SPACE AND DEFENSE Computers are very useful in the field of space and defence such as to control the missiles, ships, RADAR (Radio Detection And Ranging) and other advance weapons. A number of satellites linked with comput- ers provide a lot of important information for space research. Computers are used to monitor and control the proper functioning of space equipment, to determine and control the route. COMPUTERS IN ENTERTAIN- MENT Earlier days, creating cartoon was a difficult task as each picture had to be drawn by hands. Now days, comput- ers have made really easy to make Page Introduction of Computer 2

cartoon films. The pictures can be modified on a computer as the requirements of the film. Special effects also can be created using a computer such as a sequence of a battle, an earthquake or burning fire, etc. These special effects are reproduced in the film combined with real scenes and characters. COMPUTERS IN OFFICES Computers are used in offices for pro- cessing, printing and storing large volume of data. Computer makes it very easy to maintain the official files than manual fil- ing system. Important information can be shared to staffs or colleagues through the computer within the office or inter branch- es of offices in a second; which helps to save the time because one person needn't visit to the respective person physically. COMPUTERS IN COMMUNICATION E-mail (Electronic mail) is one of the communication media in which com- puter is used. Through e-mail the mes- sages and reports can be sent from one person to one or more persons in a click of mouse across the world. We can per- form video chat, message chat, group discussion, sharing idea using the com- puters and internet. Internet is a big network of communication. Computers can be connected through the internet across the world. COMPUTERS IN TRANSPORT AND AVIATION Computers are commonly used to make reservation of tickets for passen- gers at bus stations, railway stations and airlines ticket counters. The com- Smart Page Computer Science Book-5 3

puter can automatically allocate you the vacant seat number for the specified destination and its rate. COMPUTERS IN MEDICINE Computers are used in hospitals to keep the record of patients, medi- cines and prepare medical reports. Computers are helpful in scanning and diagnosing different diseases in hospital. Computerized equip- ment are used by doctors for medical tests and surgeries. COMPUTER IN PUBLISHING HOUSE Publishers use computers to design and print books. They use DTP (Desk Top Publishing) program for this purpose. A DTP program is used to type and format text of various pages of the book. It also helps you in drawing and artistic work. COMPUTER IN MEDIA The news which you read in newspapers are also collected and pre- sented with the help of computers. Television channels use comput- ers to present their programs in attractive ways. COMPUTERS IN BANK Computers are used in banks to maintain the accounts and transactions of the customers such as for online enquiry of customer’s bal- ance, cheque verification, updating the bal- ance, calculating interest and printing cus- tomer’s statement. Many banks have installed ATM (Automated Teller Machine) in different places such as small shopping complex, resi- Page Introduction of Computer 4

dential area etc. This ATM machine allows people to withdraw money easily without stepping to a bank. ATMs are connected to the central computer of the network in bank which provides the information. COMPUTERS IN WEATHER FORECASTING Very big in size and powerful computers are used for forecasting weather of various places of earth. Information about changes in weather and direction of winds is collected and fed into a computer. This data is analyzed using a computer and then weather is forecast. COMPUTERS IN ENGINEERING Engineers use computers to design and manufacture various equip- ment and machines. For such purposes, they use CAD (Computer Aided Designing) and CAM (Computer Aided Manufacturing) pro- grams. Points to Know • Common fields of computers are : bank, media and communication, science and technology, engineering, medicine, transport and aviation, home, school, offices, entertainment, etc. • A DTP program is used to type and format text of various pages of the book, make drawing and artistic work. • Engineers use computers to design and manufacture various equipment and machine. • Very big in size and powerful computers are used for forecasting weather of various places of earth. • ATMs are connected to the central computer of the network in Bank. • Television channels use computers to present their programs in an attractive way. • Computers are helpful in scanning and diagnosing different diseases in hospi- tal. • Computer makes it very easy to maintain the official files than manual filing system. Smart Page Computer Science Book-5 5

Terms to Know Media : Fields related to news publishing and broadcasting. DTP Work : The work which is designed for publishing. ATM Machine : Machine provides money without stepping in bank. E-mail : Mail sent through the computer using internet. Program : Software which performs a type of task. Communication : Sending and receiving information. Information : Result obtained after computing. Network : Inter connection of computers to share information. Central Computer : Main computer of network where all the information are stored. Worksheet Objective Questions 1. Fill in the blanks: a. Computers are used in offices for ............................, ............................... and ............................... large volume of data. b. .......................... is a very big network of computers. c. Through ................................ messages add reports can be sent to oth- ers across the world in a click of the mouse. d. ........................... equipment are used by doctors for medical tests and surgeries. e. ............................... machines allow people to withdraw money without step to Bank. f. ........................... are connected to the central computer of network in Bank. g. A .................................. program is used to type and format text of books. Page Introduction of Computer 6

2. State whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F). a. Computers can be used to create special effect to add movies and cartoon. b. Computer is not used to share the information with each other. c. Computer allows to share the information and document within inter branches of offices. d. Computer can not allocate you vacant seat numbers automatically. e. Computers across the world can be connected through Internet. 3. Write the full form of following a. DTP ............................................... b. ATM ..................................................... c. CAD .............................................. d. CAM .................................................... e. E-mail............................................ Descriptive Questions 1. Answer the following questions: a. Why do you use computers in home? List out the work. Ans: ............................................................................................................................ ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... b. What are the common tasks performed by computer in bank? Ans: ............................................................................................................................ ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... Smart Page Computer Science Book-5 7

..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... c. How is computer useful in offices? Ans: ............................................................................................................................ ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... d. How is computer helpful in hospital? Ans: ............................................................................................................................ ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... e. What can computer do in transport and aviation? Ans: ............................................................................................................................ ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... f. Why does a publishing house use the computer? Ans: ............................................................................................................................ ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... Page Introduction of Computer 8

..................................................................................................................................... g. What do you mean by DTP task? Ans: ............................................................................................................................ ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... h. What does computer do for weather forecasting task? Ans: ............................................................................................................................ ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... i. Why is computer used in media? Ans: ............................................................................................................................ ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... j. How is computer used in communication? Ans: ............................................................................................................................ ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... Smart Page Computer Science Book-5 9

k. Why is computer used in entertainment field? Ans: ............................................................................................................................ ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... l. For what purpose computers are used in school? Ans: ............................................................................................................................ ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... m. What is the function of ATM? Ans: ............................................................................................................................ ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... n. What is the function of Internet? Ans: ............................................................................................................................ ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... o. Why do engineers use computer? Page Introduction of Computer 10

Ans: ............................................................................................................................ ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... Logical/Case Study Questions : 1. Let's analyze the following pairs of pictures and prepare an article in the basis of this chapter with the suitable heading. a. b. Smart Page Computer Science Book-5 11

Activities 1. Visit your computer Lab and Perform the following task : a. Discuss in the class about application fields of computers other than mentioned in this chapter. 2. Mange your class in three groups and orga- nize a chart paper presentation on the fol- lowing topics: a. Computers in science and Technology b. Computers in super market c. Computers in education 3. Let's observe the following images. Now, organise the speech competition in special occasion such as children's day, teacher's day, etc. The speech must go through the given picture critically on the basis of this chapter. Project Work 1. Visit a place apart from schools and colleges such as hospital, bank, etc where computers are used and observe and note down tasks performed by the computer in the respective place. The Project work report must include : a. Text b. Image c. Illustration figure d. Videos clip e. Digital Presentation Page Introduction of Computer 12

CHAPTER 2 Computer Memory Hari : Hey, Lakpa! Today, I was typ- ing a social studies project work on the computer. Sud- denly, I faced load shedding problems. The whole work is erased. What would be the problem? Lakpa : Oh yes, when you were typ- ing; it would have been stored temporarily on the RAM. When the computer got switched off or load- shedding problem occurred, the information would be erased from the RAM because it is temporary memory of computer. Hari : Oh Lakpa, this could be the reason ! It means how can we store the data permanently on the computer, Lak- pa? Lakpa : You must save on the secondary memory, like hard disk, pen drive, CD, etc. Hari : Thank you very much, Lakpa. INTRODUCTION The memory of the commuter is a an electronic space where you can store data and information. The computer has vast internal memory Smart Page Computer Science Book-5 13

which allows you to stores a large volume of data and information and recall it instantly and correctly whenever you need. Computer memory is made with large number of cells, which are called stor- age location. The storage location is represented by bytes. Computer memory is commonly classified into two types: a. Primary Memory b. Secondary Memory PRIMARY MEMORY The primary memory of computer is called the main memory. It is also called system memory or internal memory. Primary memory stores data and programs during the operation of CPU (Central Processing Unit). CPU instantly access data stored in this memory. So, it is also called working memory. There are two types of primary memory: a. RAM b. ROM RAM RAM stands for Random Access Memory. It is the main memory of the commuter because the informa- tion is read, write or load in the RAM during the working of computer. RAM stores data and programs tem- porarily. During the working of the computer, if we face power supply cutoff or load shedding problems, all the information will be erased from this section, so it is called tempo- rary or volatile memory. For example, if your are typing the social studies project work on the computer and the power goes off, the content of your project work will get erased from the RAM. There are two types of RAM, SRAM (Static RAM) and DRAM (Dynamic RAM). Page Computer Memory 14

ROM ROM stands for Read Only Memory. It is a type of primary memory. It stores program, information and instructions permanently but information can only be read from and not written onto ROM. The ROM stores instructions which are essential for working the computer system. The programs and infor- mation stored in ROM are in built. ROM is of different types, PROM (Programmable Read Only Memory), EPROM (Erasable Program- mable Read Only Memory) and EEPROM (Electrically Erasable Pro- grammable Read Only Memory). SECONDARY MEMORY The primary memory of a computer is temporary in nature, so it needs a secondary memory. The memory of computer that stores data per- manently in computer for future use is called the secondary memory or secondary storage device. The secondary memory is non volatile in nature. It is not erased when we switch off our computer; or face the load shedding problem. The secondary storage devices have a much larger storage capacity in the comparison of primary memory. Common examples of the sec- ondary storage devices are Hard disk, CD (Compact Disk) , DVD (Digital Verstile Disk), External hard drive, pen drive, etc. Hard Disk The Hard Disk is the most common second- ary storage device of the computer. The hard disk drive is installed inside a computer. All the computers programs are installed in the hard disk. Created project and files are Smart Page Computer Science Book-5 15

stored in the hard disk. It has high storage capacity and accessing speed. Inside a hard disk, there is a circular disk made of polished steel. The hard disk is made up of a collection of disks known as plat- ters. These platters are coated with magnetic material, so it is also called magnetic disk. The disk rotates at very high speed. The read/ write head moves across the disk surface to read and write the data. CD-ROM CD-ROM stands for Compact Disk Read Only Memory. It is the most popular por- table storage device of computer. It is the read only memory, made up of a resin. It is also called optical disk because it is made by glass or plastic coated with reflecting medium. It is used to store and distribute a wide variety of multimedia programs like encyclopedia, video, audio etc. CD-ROMs are available into two forms: a. CD-R b. CD-RW CD-R CD-R stands for Compact Disk Recordable or CD recordable. It can be used to write data only once by user. Data once written can not be erased and modified. CD-RW CD-RW stands for Compact Disk Re-writable or CD re-writable. It is also known as Erasable CD. It can be used to write and re-write data. The data can be erased and modified as many times as required. DVD DVD stands for Digital Versatile Disk. A DVD looks similar to a CD. Page Computer Memory 16

It's storage capacity is very high. It can hold 4.7 GB of data in a single layer which is almost 25 times more data storage capacity than a CD. CD-ROM Drive A device is needed to read CD-ROM which is called CD- ROM Drive. It can only read information on CD-R or CD- RW. CD-Writer It can write on regular blank CDs (CD-R) but can not erase or write on them again. CD-RW Drive This drive can write on both types of CDs (CDs R and CD-RW) and rewrite, erase and modify special blanks CDs. Trick & TIP • CDs can be played in a DVD player but can not play DVDs in CD player. Flash Drive The flash drive is commonly known as pen drive. It is a small storage device with a large stor- age capacity. The storage capac- ity of pen drive has come up to in the units of GB (Gigabyte). It is a convenient way of storing and transferring the data. Smart Page Computer Science Book-5 17

External Hard Drive. The external hard drive is a non-volatile digital storage device with a huge storage capacity. It can have storage capacity in the units of GB (Gigabyte)TB (Terabyte) and PB(Petabyte). Usually External hard drive is connected to computer via a USB (Universal Serial Bus) cable. MEMORY MEASUREMENT Computer always works with only two digits 1 and 0. These are called binary digits. Each of the binary digit is called bit which stands for binary digits. Bit is the smallest unit of memory. As computer can understand only binary language which consists 1 and 0 so, in the beginning, the entered data into a computer is translated into 1’s and 0’s for understanding . When data is stored in memory, it occupies the space of memory in the basis of size of data. The size of data are represented as follow: Nibble A nibble is a collection of 4 bits. 1 nibble = 4 bits Byte A byte is a collection of 8 bits. The storage capacity of the computer is represented in terms of bytes, denoted by B. 1 byte = 8 bits Kilobyte A collection of 2^10 or 1024 bytes forms a kilobyte (KB). 1KB=2^10 bytes Page Computer Memory 18

Megabyte A collection of 1024 x 1024 bytes or 1024 KB forms a megabyte (MB) 1 MB=2^10 KB Gigabyte A collection of 1024 x 1024 x 1024 bytes or 1,024 Mb forms a giga- byte (GB). 1 GB = 2^10 MB Terabyte Collection of 1024 x 1024 x 1024 x 1024 bytes or 1,024 GB forms a terabyte (TB). 1 TB = 2^10 GB Petabyte Collection of 1024 x 1024 x 1024 x 1024 x 1024 bytes or 1,024 TB forms a Petabyte (PB). 1 TB = 2^10 GB Trick & TIP • It needs 1 byte of memory to store one alphabet and 2 bytes to store a num- ber. • The combination of 0 and 1 is called crumb. Smart Page Computer Science Book-5 19

Points to Know • The memory of the commuter is a an electronic space where you can store data and information. • The primary memory is working memory or main memory of computer which stores data and programs during the operation. • If we face power cut off problem or load shedding problem, all the in- formation will be erased from RAM, so it is called temporary or volatile memory. • RAM is the main memory because the information is read and written from this memory when the computer is working. • ROM stores data, information and instructions permanently but informa- tion can only be read and not written onto ROM. • The ROM stores instructions which are essential for working the com- puter system. • The memory of computer that stores data permanently in computer is called secondary memory or secondary storage device. • Hard Disk is the most common secondary storage device. • Platters of hard disk are coated with magnetic material, so it is also called magnetic disk. • CD-ROM is the read only memory which is the most popular portable storage device of computer. • CD-ROM is also called optical disk because it is made by glass or plas- tic coated with reflecting medium. • CD-ROM is used to store and distribute a wide variety of information like encyclopedia, video, audio etc. • The flash drive is commonly known as pen drive. It is a small storage device with a large storage capacity. • The external hard drive is a non-volatile, digital storage device with a huge storage capacity. • Computer can understand only binary language consisted by 1 and 0. So, The entered data into a computer is first translated into 1’s and 0’s for understanding to computer. Page Computer Memory 20

Terms to Know Memory : Electronic vacant space where data are stored RAM : Volatile memory of the computer ROM : Read Only Memory. Bits : Binary digit. Nimble : Collection of 4 bits. Byte : Collection of 8 bits Optical disk : Disk made by glass or plastic; coated with reflecting material. Disk Drive : Device which is used to read and write on the disk. Hard disk : Made up of collection of smaller disks called platters. Compact Disk : Shiny and circular disk . Flash drive : A small portable flash memory card that plugs into a computer's USB port. Multimedia : Combination of audio, video, text, etc. Volatile : Temporary in nature. Platters : Circular metal plate used in the hard disk. Worksheet Objective Questions 1. Fill in the blanks: a. ........................... can be used to write data only once by user. b. DVD has ............................. times more storage capacity than CD. c. External hard drive connect to computer via ................................. cable. d. Computer always works on two digits .................... and ............................ e. A nibble is a collection of ........................ bits. Smart Page Computer Science Book-5 21

f. .......................... is the smallest unit of a memory. g. The combination of 0 and 1 is called ................................ h. The collection of four bits is called .............................. i. .................... and .................... are two types of primary memory. j. The hard disk is made up of a collection of disks known as ............................ k. CD ROM is also called ............................. disk. 2. State whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F). a. The storage location is represented by bytes. b. The primary memory of a computer is called main memory. c. Primary memory is a working memory. d. RAM is a permanent memory. e. The program and information stored in RAM is inbuilt. f. Secondary memory is volatile in nature. g. Hard disk is a secondary memory. h. CD-ROM is used to store and distribute multimedia programs. i. CD-RW is also known as erasable CD. j. CDs can not be played in DVD players. 3. Write the full forms: a. CPU ................................................ b. RAM..................................................... c. ROM ............................................... d. SRAM .................................................. e. DRAM ............................................. f. PROM ................................................. g. EPROM.................................................................................................................. h. EEPROM .............................................................................................................. Page Computer Memory 22

i. DVD ................................................. j. CD-ROM............................................... k. CD-R................................................ l . CD-RW.................................................. m. GB ................................................... n. PB........................................................ o. KB ................................................... p. MB........................................................ q. Bits .................................................. r. USB...................................................... Descriptive Questions : 1. Answer the following questions: a. What is computer memory? Ans: ............................................................................................................................. ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... b. What do you mean by storage location? Ans: ............................................................................................................................. ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... c. What is primary memory? Ans: ............................................................................................................................. ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... d. Why is RAM called volatile memory? Ans: ............................................................................................................................. Smart Page Computer Science Book-5 23

..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... e. What is RAM? Ans: ............................................................................................................................. ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... f. What is ROM? Ans: ............................................................................................................................. ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... g. What is secondary memory? Ans: ............................................................................................................................. ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... h. What is hard disk? Ans: ............................................................................................................................. ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... i. What do you mean by platters? Ans: ............................................................................................................................. Page Computer Memory 24

..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... j. Why is hard disk called magnetic disk? Ans: ............................................................................................................................. ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... k. What is CD-ROM? Why is it called optical disk? Ans: ............................................................................................................................. ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... l. What is flash drive? Ans: ............................................................................................................................. ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... m. What is external hard drive? Ans: ............................................................................................................................. ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... n. Why is entered data translate into 0 and 1? Ans: ............................................................................................................................. Smart Page Computer Science Book-5 25

..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... Logical Case Study Questions : 1. Lalupate Digital Media has produced a music video 'Dhintang Dhintang Madal Bajyo' . a. To distribute this music video in the market, which storage media is convenient for the company? b. To store this music video for long time for official use and reedit, Which storage mem- ory or device should the company use ? c. Video editor wants to transfer this video file from one official computer to home com- puter, which device is more suitable to him for this case ? 2. Shivani Chaudhary and Sumi Lama have prepared a project on Com- puter Science. a. They have to take this project work to print outside, How do they take it for printing? b. They have to submit this project work individually in the school, how do they store separately to submit in the school ? 3. Nishani had prepared a project work last year, she has opened and ed- ited this project work in her computer: a. From where did she open this file ? b. Which memory is used during her editing period of project? 4. Rasmita was typing an article, Instantly, she got power failure problem. She got some of the text but some of them is lost from her computer: a. How is some of the text lost from the computer? b. How did she get some of the text in the computer? Page Computer Memory 26

Activities 1. Visit your computer lab and perform the following task : a. Open the CPU cabinet and recognize the following : (i) RAM (ii) ROM (iii) Hard Disk, (iv) CD Drive, (v) Flash Drive (vi) CD/DVD 2. Mange your class in three groups and or- ganize the chart paper presentation on the topics: a. Primary Memory and Secondary Memory. Smart Page Computer Science Book-5 27

CHAPTER 3 More on Windows Lakpa : Hari! What’s the problem ? Why are you getting sad ? Hari : Ooph.. Yesterday, I typed so- cial study project work, but I am not getting today. Lakpa : Oh! I..see .. that's the problem. You must mange the files and folder in right way to avoid such problems. Now you can use 'Search' feature of Win- dows to find your file. Hari : Please help me, to mange files, folders and search doc- ument. Lakpa : Ok Hari, no problems, I will tell you one by one. Let's start. ORGANIZING FILES AND FOLDER IN THE DISK A file is an item that contains in- formation such as text , picture or music, video, etc. Files are repre- sented with icon that makes easy to recognize a type of file by look- ing at its icon. A folder is a container which is used to store files in it. You can Page More on Windows 28

create any number of folders and even store folders inside other folders are called sub folders. View the content of File/Folder To view the content of file/folder: Steps to Follow: Step-1 : Click any folder to see its contents. Step-2 : Double click on any file icon to view its contents. Working with the 'Computer' folder From the 'Computer' or 'My Computer' or 'This PC' folder, you can access locations such as hard disks, CD or DVD drives, and removable media. Such as external hard drives and USB flash drives. View the Computer Folder: A common reason to open the This Computer folder is to view the available space on your hard disks and removable media and access the Folder and files. To view the computer fold- er, do the following: Steps to Follow: Step-1 : Double Click the Computer Folder; gener- ally it is avail- able on the desktop. Or Step-2 : Right mouse Smart Page Computer Science Book-5 29

Click the 'This Computer' icon from the desktop. Step-3 : Click the 'Open' option of the context menu. Now, you get the window of Computer Folder as given. Creating a New Folder To create a new folder, follow the fol- lowing steps: Step-1 : Open the Location of the disk; where you want to cre- ate a folder. Step-2 : Right mouse click on blank space of open location. You get a context menu. Step-3 : Select 'New' option Step-4 : Select 'Folder' and click once. Step-5 : You get 'New folder' with name. Now, type your folder name and press Enter. Trick & TIP • A file or folder name can be given up to 255 characters long, includ- ing space. But, it can not contain any special characters such as / \\ : * ? < > etc. accept _ underscore. Copying File/Folder Copying a file/Folder refers to reproduce it in another location, with- out removing it from its original location. To copy file/folder in new location, follow the following steps: Page More on Windows 30

Steps to Follow: Step-1 : Right mouse click on the folder and select 'Copy' option. Step-2 : Open your desired desti- nation location to place file. Step-3 : Right mouse click on the open space. Step-4 : Select 'Paste' option. Step-5 : Now, you get a copy of file or folder in new location. Moving File/Folder Moving a file or folder refers to shift it from its original location to another new location. To move file or folder, follow the following steps: Steps to Follow: Step-1 : Right mouse click on the folder and select 'Cut' option. Step-2 : Open your desired desti- nation location to place file. Step-3 : Right mouse click on the open space. Step-4 : Select 'Paste' option. Now, you can notice that the file or folder is moved. Smart Page Computer Science Book-5 31

Renaming a File/Folder To rename a file or folder, follow the following steps: Step-1 : Right mouse click on the folder. Step-2 : Select and click on the 'Re- name' option from the con- text menu. Step 3 : Type the new name. Step 4 : Press ‘Enter’ key. Now, you will notice the name is changed. Deleting a File/Folder Deleting file/folder refers to remove file/folder permanently from the computer. To delete file/folder, fol- low the following steps: Step-1 : Select the Folder to be deleted. Step-2 : Right mouse click the se- lected Folder. Step-3 : Click the 'Delete' option from the context menu. Step-4 : You get the conformation dialog box. Step 5 : Click the ‘Yes’ to confirm. Page More on Windows 32

Trick & TIP • The deleted file/folder will be stored in the ‘Recycle Bin’ before being permanently removed from the hard disk. But if you delete from pen drive, it won't store on the recycle bin. • You can also delete a file or folder by dragging it to the Recycle Bin or by selecting the file or folder, and then pressing Delete key. • You can select more than one file/folder by pressing the ‘Shift’ key and the left mouse button simultaneously. Fast Access Function To copy selected file or folder. Keys Combination To paste the copied item in the new location. Ctrl+C To cut the selected item. Ctrl+V To delete selected item. Ctrl+x To delete file or folder permanently. Del key Shift+Del Lab Activities Page a. Create a folder on your name on the 33 desktop. b. Open your folder and create another folder naming 'PROJECT' inside it. c. Copy 'PROJECT' folder on the desk- top. d. Move a folder having your name; in- side the disk of D: Drive. e. Rename a folder 'PROJECT' to 'PROJECT WORK'. f. Delete your folder created with your name. g. Drag and drop folder 'PROJECT WORK' in the Recycle bin. Smart Computer Science Book-5

Review Knowledge 1. Answer the following questions: a. Where do you find 'This Computer' icon folder? Why do you view it? Ans: ............................................................................................................................. ..................................................................................................................................... b. Why do you create a folder? Ans: ............................................................................................................................. ..................................................................................................................................... c. How do you select more than one files or folder ? Ans: ............................................................................................................................. ..................................................................................................................................... d. What is the role of 'Paste' Command ? Ans: ............................................................................................................................. ..................................................................................................................................... e. When do you use delete command? Ans: ............................................................................................................................. ..................................................................................................................................... f. When do you use 'Cut' command ? Ans: ............................................................................................................................ ..................................................................................................................................... Finding Files and Folders If you forget location of files and folders in the disk, Windows pro- vides several ways to find them. To find the files or folders, follow the following steps: Steps to Follow: Step-1 : Click on 'Start' button. Page More on Windows 34

Step-2 : Type the part of name in 'Search program and files' text box. Step-3 : Press 'Enter' key. Now, you get your possible list of files. RECYCLE BIN Recycle Bin is a folder which holds deleted files temporarily. When you delete a file from your computer, it will actually just move to the Recycle Bin and get stored until the Recycle Bin is emptied. This gives you an opportunity to recover accidentally deleted files and restore them to their original locations. Restore Deleted File When you delete a file, it will usually move to the Recycle Bin so that you can restore the file later if necessary. To restore file, do the following: Steps to Follow: Step-1 : Find the 'Recy- cle Bin' on the desktop. Step-2 : Open the 'Re- cycle Bin' Win- dow. Smart Page Computer Science Book-5 35

Step-3 : Select a file to be recovered. Step-4 : Click the 'Restore the selected item' option from the task bar. Now, your selected item is restored in it's original location. Permanently Delete item from Recycle Bin Permanently deleting files from your computer and make free space of hard disk to use, you need to delete the files from the Recycle Bin. You can delete individual files from the Recycle Bin or empty the entire Recycle Bin at once. Steps to Follow: Step-1 : Click to open Recycle Bin. Step-2 : Do one of the following: • To permanently delete one file, click it, press Delete, and then click Yes. • To delete all of the files, on the tool bar, click Empty the Recycle Bin, and then click Yes. Trick & TIP • You can empty the Recycle Bin without opening it by right-clicking the Recycle Bin and then clicking Empty Recycle Bin. • You can permanently delete a file from your computer without sending it to the Recycle Bin by clicking the file and then pressing Shift+Delete. Delete Temporary Files Temporary files created by Windows remain on the hard drive due to an irregular exit from a Windows session. But under normal con- ditions, when you quit a Windows session properly, these files are closed and deleted by Windows. Temporary files may cause of slow Page More on Windows 36

down the computer and fill up the disk space. To delete temporary file, do the following. Steps to Follow: Step-1 : Type 'Run' com- mand in search text box. Step-2 : You get 'Run' dialog box. Step-3 : Type %temp% and click the 'Ok' button. Step-4 : You get all the temporary files in a list. Step-5 : Select all the files by pressing Ctrl+A keys combination. Step-6 : Press Del key from the keyboard. You get conformation message. Step-7 : Press 'Yes' to conform. Step-8 : You get the 'Recycling' the dialog box. After recycling, all the temporary files are stored in the 'Recycle Bin'. Smart Page Computer Science Book-5 37

Lab Activities a. Create three folders as 'MY SONGS', 'MY MOVIES' and 'MY PROJECT WORK'. b. Search these folders using searching key word 'MY'. Now, these files are listed or not in the searched list. c. Delete 'MY SONGS' folder and check. the Recycle Bin; where deleted folder is found or not. d. Restore this 'MY SONGS' folder from the Recycle Bin and make sure wheth- er it is restored or not in the original location. e. Delete 'MY PROJECT WORK' and 'MY MOVIES' Folder. f. Now, permanently delete 'MY PROJECT WORK' folder and restore 'MY MOVIES' folder. f. Delete remain folders 'MY MOVIES' and 'MY SONGS'. g. Now, check the Recycle Bin and restore the necessary items then totally empty the Recycle Bin. h. Display temporary files of your computer then delete them permanently Review Knowledge 1. Answer the following questions: a. If you forget location of disk where you had stored your file. Now, to solve this problem, what should you do? Ans: ............................................................................................................................ ..................................................................................................................................... b. If you deleted your file or folder accidently; which is very important. Now, is there any technique to recover it? Ans: ............................................................................................................................ ..................................................................................................................................... Page More on Windows 38

c. In how many way can you delete your file or folder permanently? Write these commands. Ans: ............................................................................................................................ ..................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................... d. How is a temporary files created? Ans: ............................................................................................................................ ..................................................................................................................................... USING MOUSE Just as you use your hands or speech to interact with objects in the physical world, you can use mouse to interact with items on your computer screen. You can move objects, open them, change them, throw them away, and perform other actions, all by pointing and click- ing with mouse. Mouse Action The basic actions of mouse is described in the given table: Mouse Action Description Pointing Place your mouse pointer over an object. Click Generally, pressing the primary (usually left mouse button) Double Click button and releasing. Point to the item on the screen, and then click left mouse but- Right Click ton twice quickly. Double-clicking is most often used to open Dragging items on your desktop. Point to the item on the screen, and then press and release Scrolling the secondary button (usually the right button). Point to the object on the screen, press and hold the primary button, move the object to a new location, and then release the primary button. To scroll down, roll the wheel backward (toward you). To scroll up, roll the wheel forward (away from you). Smart Page Computer Science Book-5 39

WINDOWS ACCESSORIES Accessories is a collection of programs. It comes with windows 7. Windows has a accessories folder which contains a number of pro- grams, functions, and System Tools. These accessories help in doing various functions. Some of the common Windows accessories pro- grams are Calculator, Sound Recorder, Paint , Note Pad, etc. Starting the Accessories The different items under Accessories are helpful to the user for do- ing various functions. To use Accessories in Windows, follow the fol- lowing steps: Steps to Follow: Step 1 : Click the ‘Start’ but- ton. Step 2 : Click the ‘All Pro- grams’ and 'Acces- sories' in Windows 7 Step 3 : For Windows 10, Find and click the ‘Win- dows Accessories’ Folder. Now, you get the list of variet- ies of program under the 'Accessories' folder. Calculator Sometimes while doing mathematical calculation, you must use a cal- culator. Calculator is a accessories program of Windows that helps in performing mathematical calculations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, etc. Let's follow the following steps to use calculator tool: Page More on Windows 40

Steps to Follow: Step-1 : Click on 'Start' button. Step-2 : Click the 'All Programs' or 'Windows Accessories' Step-3 : Click on 'Accessories' folder. Step-4 : Find the 'Calculator' and click it. Simple Calculation Using Calcu- lator Perform the following calculations and write the result. a. 5 + 7 = Steps to follow: Step-1 : Start Calculator . Step-2 : Enter number 5. Step-3 : Click the + sign. Step-4 : Enter 7. Step-5 : Click the '=' sign. Step-6 : You will get the result on the display screen. Use Memory Button in the calculation Some time you have to perform the long mathematical operation. In such a case you have to use memory of the calculator. Let's look, how do we solve mathematical operation as (9×4+3×4) using mem- ory of the calculator. Steps to Follow: Step-1 : Enter number 9 Step-2 : Click the sign '*' Smart Page Computer Science Book-5 41

Step-3 : Enter number 4 Step-4 : Click the '=' sign (result 36 will be displayed) Step-5 : Click M+ to store the number 36 in the memory. Step-6 : Enter number 3 Step-7 : Click the '*' sign. Step-8 : Enter number 4. Step-9 : Click the '=' sign (result 12 will be displayed) Step-10 : Click M+ (12 will be added to 36 already in the memo- ry) Step-11 : Click MR (Result 48 will be display) Step-12 : Click MC to clear the memory. Record audio with Sound Recorder Sound Recorder is a Win- dows Accessories program which lets you record a sound and save it as an audio file on your computer. You can re- cord sound using microphone that's plugged into the sound card on your computer. And to play the recorded sound, it needs speaker. Opening Sound Recorder Step-1 : Click on 'Start' but- ton. Step-2 : Click the 'All Pro- Page More on Windows 42

grams' or 'All Apps' Step-3 : Click on 'Accessories' or 'Windows Ease of Access' Step-4 : Find the 'Windows Speech Recognition' and click it. Start/Stop and Saving Record Make sure you have an audio input device, such as a microphone, connected to your computer. Step to Follow: Step-1 : Open Sound Recorder. Step-2 : Click Start Record- ing and start to speak something. Step-3 : To stop recording au- dio, click Stop Re- cording. Now, you get a 'Save As' dialog box. Step-4 : To save the record- ed sound as an au- dio file. Click the File name box, type a file name for the recorded sound, and then click Save button . Step-5 : To Play the recorded sound, find the audio file then double click it. Now, it starts to play the sound. Windows Media player Windows Media Player (WMP) is a media player and media library application developed by Microsoft that is used for playing audio, video and viewing images on personal computers and pocket PC having the Microsoft Windows operating system. It is also used Win- dows Mobile based devices. To run the Windows media player, do Smart Page Computer Science Book-5 43

the following: Steps to Follow: Step-1 : Click on 'Start' but- ton. Step-2 : Click the 'All Pro- grams'. Step-3 : Find the 'Windows Media Player' and click it. Now, you get the window. Step-4 : Now, you can play music, video, etc. Control Volume of Sound The Volume control program is a small program which helps you to increase or decrease the sounds produced by played audio and video in the computer. To control the volume, do the following: Step-1 : Find the Volume control program is represented by icon of speaker on the task bar. Step-2 : Click on the 'Speaker' Icon Step-3 : Click and drag the slider up and down to increase or de- crease the volume Page More on Windows 44