International Fire Code--2021

10-54 2021 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE® EDUFIRE.IR Telegram: EDUFIRE.IR

CHAPTER 11 CONSTRUCTION REQUIREMENTS FOR EXISTING BUILDINGS User note: About this chapter: Chapter 11 applies to existing buildings constructed prior to the adoption of the code and is intended to ensure a mini- mum degree of fire and life safety to persons occupying existing buildings by providing for alterations to such buildings that do not comply with the minimum requirements of the International Building Code®. The provisions address general fire safety features such as require- ments for fire alarm systems in some existing buildings and general means of egress, and include a section dedicated to existing Group I-2 occupancies. SECTION 1101 SECTION 1103 GENERAL FIRE SAFETY REQUIREMENTS 1101.1 Scope. The provisions of this chapter shall apply to FOR EXISTING BUILDINGS existing buildings constructed prior to the adoption of this code. 1103.1 Required construction. Existing buildings shall comply with not less than the minimum provisions specified 1101.2 Intent. The intent of this chapter is to provide a mini- in Table 1103.1 and as further enumerated in Sections mum degree of fire and life safety to persons occupying 1103.2 through 1103.10. existing buildings by providing minimum construction requirements where such existing buildings do not comply The provisions of this chapter shall not be construed to with the minimum requirements of the International Build- allow the elimination of fire protection systems or a reduc- ing Code. tion in the level of fire safety provided in buildings constructed in accordance with previously adopted codes. 1101.3 Permits. Permits shall be required as set forth in Sections 105.5 and 105.6 and the International Building Exceptions: Code. 1. Where a change in fire-resistance rating has been 1101.4 Owner notification. When a building is found to be approved in accordance with Section 501.2 or in noncompliance with this chapter, the fire code official 802.6 of the International Existing Building Code. shall duly notify the owner of the building. Upon receipt of such notice, the owner shall, subject to the following time 2. Group U occupancies. limits, take necessary actions to comply with the provisions of this chapter. 1103.1.1 Historic buildings. Facilities designated as historic buildings shall develop a fire protection plan in 1101.4.1 Construction documents. Construction docu- accordance with NFPA 914. The fire protection plans ments necessary to comply with this chapter shall be shall comply with the maintenance and availability provi- completed and submitted within a time schedule sions in Sections 404.3 and 404.4. approved by the fire code official. 1103.2 Emergency responder communication coverage in 1101.4.2 Completion of work. Work necessary to existing buildings. Existing buildings other than Group R-3, comply with this chapter shall be completed within a time that do not have approved in-building, two-way emergency schedule approved by the fire code official. response communication coverage for emergency respond- ers in the building based on existing coverage levels of the 1101.4.3 Extension of time. The fire code official is public safety communication systems, shall be equipped authorized to grant necessary extensions of time where it with such coverage according to one of the following: can be shown that the specified time periods are not phys- ically practical or pose an undue hardship. The granting 1. Where an existing wired communication system of an extension of time for compliance shall be based on cannot be repaired or is being replaced, or where not the showing of good cause and subject to the filing of an approved in accordance with Section 510.1, Excep- acceptable systematic plan of correction with the fire tion 1. code official. 2. Within a time frame established by the adopting SECTION 1102 authority. DEFINITIONS Exception: Where it is determined by the fire code offi- 1102.1 Definitions. The following terms are defined in cial that the in-building, two-way emergency responder Chapter 2: communication coverage system is not needed. DUTCH DOOR. 1103.3 Existing elevators. In other than Group R-3, existing elevators, escalators and moving walks shall comply with EXISTING. the requirements of Sections 1103.3.1 and 1103.3.2. 1103.3.1 Elevators, escalators and moving walks. Existing elevators, escalators and moving walks in Group 2021 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE® 11-1 EDUFIRE.IR Telegram: EDUFIRE.IR

CONSTRUCTION REQUIREMENTS FOR EXISTING BUILDINGS TABLE 1103.1 OCCUPANCY AND USE REQUIREMENTSa USE OCCUPANCY CLASSIFICATION SECTION Atrium or Under- Tire A B E F H-1 H-2 H-3 H-4 H-5 I-1 I-2 I-3 I-4 M R-1 R-2 R-3 R-4 S High-rise covered ground storage 1103.2 building 1103.3 mall 1103.4.1 1103.4.2 R R R — RRRR R R R R R RRRRR R R ——R 1103.4.3 1103.4.4 R — R — RRRR R R R R R RRRRR R R ——R 1103.4.5 1103.4.6 R — R — ———— — — — — — — R R —— — — — — — 1103.4.7 1103.4.8 R — R — R R R R R R R R R R —— R R R R — — R 1103.4.9 1103.4.10 R — R — R R R R R R R R R R —— R R R R — — R 1103.5.1 1103.5.2 — R — — ———— — — — — — ————— — — — — — 1103.5.3 1103.5.5 — — — — — R —— — — — — — ———— R — — — — — 1103.6.1 1103.6.2 — — — — R—R R R R R R R R R R R— R R R R R 1103.7.1 1103.7.2 — — — — R—R R R R R R R R R R R— R R R R R 1103.7.3 1103.7.4 R — R — R R R R R R R R R R —— R R R R R R R 1103.7.5 1103.7.6 R — — — ———— — — — — — — R ——— — — — — — 1103.8 1103.9 — — — — RRRR R R R R R RRRRR R R R R R 1103.10 1104 — — — — Rc — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 1105 1106 — — — — ———— — — — — — — R ——— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Rb — — — — — — — — — — — — RRRR R R R R R RRRRR R R R R R R — R — RRRR R R R R R RRRRR R R ——R R — R — RRRR R R R R R RRRRR R R ——R — — — — —— R — — — — — — ————— — — — — — — — — — ———— — — — — — R ———— — — — — — — — — — ———— — — — — — — R ——— — — — — — — — — — ———— — — — — — —— R —— — — — — — — — — — ———— — — — — — ————— R — — — — — — — — ———— — — — — — ————— — R — — — — — — — ———— — — — — — R ———— R R R R — R — — — ———— — — — — — R R — R — R R R R — — — — — ———— — — — — — R R ——— — — — — — R R R — RRRR R R R R R RRRRR R R R R R — — — — ———— — — — — — — R ——— — — — — — — — — R ———— — — — — — ————— — — — — — R = The building is required to comply. a. Existing buildings shall comply with the sections identified as “Required” (R) based on occupancy classification or use, or both, whichever is applicable. b. Only applies to Group I-2, Condition 2 occupancies as established by the adopting ordinance or legislation of the jurisdiction. c. Only applies to Group A-2 occupancies where alcoholic beverages are consumed. I-2, Condition 2 occupancies and serving ambulatory care the elevator shaft openings with additional fire facilities shall comply with ASME A17.3. doors in accordance with Section 716 of the International Building Code and where all of 1103.3.2 Elevator emergency operation. Existing eleva- the following conditions are met: tors with a travel distance of 25 feet (7620 mm) or more above or below the main floor or other level of a building 1.1. The doors shall be provided with and intended to serve the needs of emergency personnel vision panels of approved fire-protec- for fire-fighting or rescue purposes shall be provided with tion-rated glazing so located as to emergency operation in accordance with ASME A17.3. furnish clear vision of the approach to the elevator. Such glazing shall not Exceptions: exceed 100 square inches (0.065 m2) in area. 1. Buildings without occupied floors located more than 55 feet (16 764 mm) above or 25 1.2. The doors shall be held open but be feet (7620 mm) below the lowest level of fire automatic-closing by activation of a department vehicle access where protected at 11-2 2021 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE® EDUFIRE.IR Telegram: EDUFIRE.IR

CONSTRUCTION REQUIREMENTS FOR EXISTING BUILDINGS fire alarm initiating device installed in 1.4. On other than the lowest level, the accordance with the requirements of unenclosed vertical openings shall not NFPA 72 as for Phase I Emergency serve as a required means of egress. Recall Operation, and shall be located at each floor served by the elevator; in 2. In Group I-2, atriums connecting three or more the associated elevator machine room, stories shall not require 1-hour fire-resistance- control space, or control room; and in rated construction where the building is the elevator hoistway, where sprinklers equipped throughout with an automatic sprin- are located in those hoistways. kler system installed in accordance with Section 903.3, and all of the following condi- 1.3. The doors, when closed, shall have tions are met: signs visible from the approach area stating: “WHEN THESE DOORS 2.1. For other than existing approved atri- ARE CLOSED OR IN FIRE EMER- ums with a smoke control system, GENCY, DO NOT USE ELEVATOR. where the atrium was constructed and USE EXIT STAIRWAYS.” is maintained in accordance with the code in effect at the time the atrium 2. Buildings without occupied floors located was created, the atrium shall have a more than 55 feet (16 764 mm) above or 25 smoke control system that is in compli- feet (7620 mm) below the lowest level of fire ance with Section 909. department vehicle access where provided with automatic sprinkler systems installed in accor- 2.2. Glass walls forming a smoke partition dance with Section 903.3.1.1 or 903.3.1.2. or a glass-block wall assembly shall be permitted where in compliance with 3. Freight elevators in buildings provided with Condition 2.2.1 or 2.2.2. both automatic sprinkler systems installed in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1 or 903.3.1.2 2.2.1. Glass walls forming a smoke and not less than one ASME 17.3-compliant partition shall be permitted elevator serving the same floors. where all of the following conditions are met: Elimination of previously installed Phase I emergency recall or Phase II emergency in-car systems shall not be 2.2.1.1. Automatic sprin- permitted. klers are provided along both sides of 1103.4 Vertical openings. Interior vertical openings, includ- the separation wall ing but not limited to stairways, elevator hoistways, service and doors, or on and utility shafts, that connect two or more stories of a build- the room side only ing shall be enclosed or protected as specified in Sections if there is not a 1103.4.1 through 1103.4.10. walkway or occu- pied space on the 1103.4.1 Group I-2 and I-3 occupancies. In Group I-2 atrium side. and I-3 occupancies, interior vertical openings connecting two or more stories shall be protected with 1-hour fire- 2.2.1.2. The sprinklers shall resistance-rated construction. be not more than 12 inches (305 mm) Exceptions: away from the face of the glass and at 1. In Group I-2, unenclosed vertical openings not intervals along the exceeding two connected stories and not glass of not greater concealed within the building construction than 72 inches shall be permitted as follows: (1829 mm). 1.1. The unenclosed vertical openings shall 2.2.1.3. Windows in the be separated from other unenclosed glass wall shall be vertical openings serving other floors nonoperating type. by a smoke barrier. 2.2.1.4. The glass wall and 1.2. The unenclosed vertical openings shall windows shall be be separated from corridors by smoke installed in a partitions. gasketed frame in a manner that the 1.3. The unenclosed vertical openings shall framing system be separated from other fire or smoke deflects without compartments on the same floors by a breaking (loading) smoke barrier. the glass before the 2021 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE® 11-3 EDUFIRE.IR Telegram: EDUFIRE.IR

CONSTRUCTION REQUIREMENTS FOR EXISTING BUILDINGS 3. Vertical opening protection for escalators shall be in accordance with Section 1103.4.5, sprinkler system 1103.4.6 or 1103.4.7. operates. 4. Exit access stairways and ramps shall be in 2.2.1.5. The sprinkler sys- accordance with Section 1103.4.8. tem shall be designed so that 1103.4.4 Atriums and covered malls. In other than the entire surface Group I-2 and I-3 occupancies, interior vertical openings of the glass is wet in a covered mall building or a building with an atrium upon activation of shall be protected by either 1-hour fire-resistance-rated the sprinkler construction or an automatic sprinkler system shall be system without installed throughout the building in accordance with obstruction. Section 903.3.1.1 or 903.3.1.2. 2.2.2. A fire barrier is not required Exceptions: where a glass-block wall assembly complying with 1. Vertical opening protection is not required for Section 2110 of the Interna- Group R-3 occupancies. tional Building Code and having a 3/4-hour fire protec- 2. Vertical opening protection is not required for tion rating is provided. open parking garages. 2.3. Where doors are provided in the glass 3. Exit access stairways and ramps shall be in wall, they shall be either self-closing or accordance with Section 1103.4.8. automatic-closing and shall be constructed to resist the passage of 1103.4.5 Escalators in Group B and M occupancies. In smoke. Group B and M occupancies, escalators creating vertical openings connecting any number of stories shall be 3. In Group I-3 occupancies, exit stairways or protected by either 1-hour fire-resistance-rated construc- ramps and exit access stairways or ramps tion or an automatic sprinkler system in accordance with constructed in accordance with Section 408 of Section 903.3.1.1 installed throughout the building, with the International Building Code. a draft curtain and closely spaced sprinklers around the escalator opening. 1103.4.2 Three to five stories. In other than Group I-2 and I-3 occupancies, interior vertical openings connecting 1103.4.6 Escalators connecting four or fewer stories. three to five stories shall be protected by either 1-hour In other than Group B and M occupancies, escalators fire-resistance-rated construction or an automatic sprin- creating vertical openings connecting four or fewer kler system shall be installed throughout the building in stories shall be protected by either 1-hour fire-resistance- accordance with Section 903.3.1.1 or 903.3.1.2. rated construction or an automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1 or 903.3.1.2 shall be Exceptions: installed throughout the building, and a draft curtain with closely spaced sprinklers shall be installed around the 1. Vertical opening protection is not required for escalator opening. Group R-3 occupancies. 1103.4.7 Escalators connecting more than four stories. 2. Vertical opening protection is not required for In other than Group B and M occupancies, escalators open parking garages. creating vertical openings connecting five or more stories shall be protected by 1-hour fire-resistance-rated 3. Vertical opening protection for escalators shall construction. be in accordance with Section 1103.4.5, 1103.4.6 or 1103.4.7. 1103.4.8 Occupancies other than Groups I-2 and I-3. In other than Group I-2 and I-3 occupancies, floor open- 4. Exit access stairways and ramps shall be in ings containing exit access stairways or ramps that do not accordance with Section 1103.4.8. comply with one of the conditions listed in this section shall be protected by 1-hour fire-resistance-rated 1103.4.3 More than five stories. In other than Group I-2 construction. and I-3 occupancies, interior vertical openings connecting more than five stories shall be protected by 1-hour fire- 1. Exit access stairways and ramps that serve, or resistance-rated construction. atmospherically communicate between, only two stories. Such interconnected stories shall not be Exceptions: open to other stories. 1. Vertical opening protection is not required for 2. In Group R-1, R-2 or R-3 occupancies, exit access Group R-3 occupancies. stairways and ramps connecting four stories or less serving and contained within an individual 2. Vertical opening protection is not required for dwelling unit or sleeping unit or live/work unit. open parking garages. 11-4 2021 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE® EDUFIRE.IR Telegram: EDUFIRE.IR

CONSTRUCTION REQUIREMENTS FOR EXISTING BUILDINGS 3. Exit access stairways and ramps in buildings 1103.4.9.4 Chute discharge rooms. Chutes shall equipped throughout with an automatic sprinkler terminate in a dedicated chute discharge room. Such system in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1, rooms shall be separated from the remainder of the where the area of the vertical opening between building by not less than 1-hour fire-resistance-rated stories does not exceed twice the horizontal construction. Opening protectives shall be in accor- projected area of the stairway or ramp, and the dance with Section 716 of the International Building opening is protected by a draft curtain and closely Code and have a fire protection rating of not less than spaced sprinklers in accordance with NFPA 13. In 1 hour. other than Group B and M occupancies, this provision is limited to openings that do not 1103.4.9.5 Chute discharge protection. Chute connect more than four stories. discharges shall be equipped with a self-closing or automatic-closing opening protective in accordance 4. Exit access stairways and ramps within an atrium with Section 716 of the International Building Code complying with the provisions of Section 404 of and having a fire protection rating of not less than 1 the International Building Code. hour. 5. Exit access stairways and ramps in open parking 1103.4.10 Flue-fed incinerators. Existing flue-fed incin- garages that serve only the parking garage. erator rooms and associated flue shafts shall be protected with 1-hour fire-resistance-rated construction and shall 6. Exit access stairways and ramps serving open-air not have other vertical openings connected with the space seating complying with the exit access travel other than the associated flue. Opening protectives shall distance requirements of Section 1030.7 of the be in accordance with Section 716 of the International International Building Code. Building Code and have a fire protection rating of not less than 1 hour. 7. Exit access stairways and ramps serving the balcony, gallery or press box and the main assem- 1103.5 Sprinkler systems. An automatic sprinkler system bly floor in occupancies such as theaters, places of shall be provided in existing buildings in accordance with religious worship, auditoriums and sports Sections 1103.5.1 through 1103.5.5. facilities. 1103.5.1 Group A-2. Where alcoholic beverages are 1103.4.9 Waste and linen chutes. In Group I-2 occupan- consumed in a Group A-2 occupancy having an occupant cies, existing waste and linen chutes shall comply with load of 300 or more, the fire area containing the Group Sections 1103.4.9.1 through 1103.4.9.5. A-2 occupancy shall be equipped with an automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1. 1103.4.9.1 Enclosure. Chutes shall be enclosed with 1-hour fire-resistance-rated construction. Opening 1103.5.2 Group I-2. In Group I-2, an automatic sprinkler protectives shall be in accordance with Section 716 of system shall be provided in accordance with Section the International Building Code and have a fire protec- 1105.9. tion rating of not less than1 hour. 1103.5.3 Group I-2, Condition 2. In addition to the 1103.4.9.2 Chute intakes. Chute intakes shall comply requirements of Section 1103.5.2, existing buildings of with Section 1103.4.9.2.1 or 1103.4.9.2.2. Group I-2, Condition 2 occupancy shall be equipped throughout with an approved automatic sprinkler system 1103.4.9.2.1 Chute intake direct from corridor. in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1. The automatic Where intake to chutes is direct from a corridor, the sprinkler system shall be installed as established by the intake opening shall be equipped with a chute-intake adopting ordinance. [DATE BY WHICH SPRINKLER door in accordance with Section 716 of the Interna- tional Building Code and having a fire protection SYSTEM MUST BE INSTALLED]. rating of not less than 1 hour. 1103.5.4 High-rise buildings. Where Appendix M has 1103.4.9.2.2 Chute intake via a chute-intake not been adopted, existing high-rise buildings that do not room. Where the intake to chutes is accessed have a previously approved fire sprinkler system shall be through a chute-intake room, the room shall be equipped with an automatic sprinkler system in accor- enclosed with 1-hour fire-resistance-rated construc- dance with Section 903.3.1.1 where any of the following tion. Opening protectives for the intake room shall conditions apply: be in accordance with Section 716 of the Interna- tional Building Code and have a fire protection 1. The high-rise building has an occupied floor rating of not less than 3/4 hour. Opening protectives located more than 120 feet (36 576 mm) above the for the chute enclosure shall be in accordance with lowest level of fire department vehicle access. Section 1103.4.9.1. 2. The high-rise building has occupied floors located 1103.4.9.3 Automatic sprinkler system. Chutes shall more than 75 feet (22 860 mm) and not more than be equipped with an approved automatic sprinkler 120 feet (36 576 mm) above the lowest level of system in accordance with Section 903.2.11.2. fire department vehicle access, and the building does not have at least two interior exit stairways complying with Section 1104.10 that are sepa- 2021 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE® 11-5 EDUFIRE.IR Telegram: EDUFIRE.IR

CONSTRUCTION REQUIREMENTS FOR EXISTING BUILDINGS 1103.7.1 Group E. A fire alarm system shall be installed in existing Group E occupancies in accordance with rated from the building interior by fire assemblies Section 907.2.3. having a fire-resistance rating of not less than 2 hours with opening protection in accordance with Exceptions: Table 716.1(2) of the International Building Code. 1. A manual fire alarm system is not required in a 3. The high-rise building has occupied floors located building with a maximum area of 1,000 square more than 75 feet (22 860 mm) and not more than feet (93 m2) that contains a single classroom 120 feet (36 576 mm) above the lowest level of and is located not closer than 50 feet (15 240 fire department vehicle access, and the building mm) from another building. does not have a fire alarm system that includes smoke detection in mechanical equipment, electri- 2. A manual fire alarm system is not required in cal, transformer, telephone equipment and similar Group E occupancies with an occupant load rooms; corridors; elevator lobbies; and at doors less than 50. penetrating interior exit stairway enclosures. Building owners shall file a compliance schedule 1103.7.2 Group I-1. An automatic fire alarm system shall with the fire code official not later than 365 days be installed in existing Group I-1 facilities in accordance after receipt of a written notice. The compliance with Section 907.2.6.1. schedule shall not exceed 12 years for completion of the automatic sprinkler system retrofit. Exception: Where each sleeping room has a means of egress door opening directly to an exterior egress 1103.5.5 Pyroxylin plastics. An automatic sprinkler balcony that leads directly to the exits in accordance system shall be provided throughout existing buildings with Section 1021, and the building is not more than where cellulose nitrate film or pyroxylin plastics are three stories in height. manufactured, stored or handled in quantities exceeding 100 pounds (45 kg). Vaults located within buildings for 1103.7.3 Group I-2. In Group I-2, an automatic fire the storage of raw pyroxylin shall be protected with an alarm system shall be installed in accordance with approved automatic sprinkler system capable of discharg- Section 1105.10. ing 1.66 gallons per minute per square foot (68 L/min/m2) over the area of the vault. 1103.7.4 Group I-3. An automatic and manual fire alarm system shall be installed in existing Group I-3 occupan- 1103.6 Standpipes. Existing structures shall be equipped cies in accordance with Section 907.2.6.3. with standpipes installed in accordance with Section 905 where required in Sections 1103.6.1 and 1103.6.2. The fire 1103.7.5 Group R-1. A fire alarm system and smoke code official is authorized to approve the installation of alarms shall be installed in existing Group R-1 occupan- manual standpipe systems to achieve compliance with this cies in accordance with Sections 1103.7.5.1 through section where the responding fire department is capable of 1103.7.5.2.1. providing the required hose flow at the highest standpipe outlet. 1103.7.5.1 Group R-1 hotel and motel manual fire alarm system. A manual fire alarm system that acti- 1103.6.1 Existing multiple-story buildings. Existing vates the occupant notification system in accordance buildings with occupied floors located more than 50 feet with Section 907.5 shall be installed in existing Group (15 240 mm) above the lowest level of fire department R-1 hotels and motels more than one story in height or access or more than 50 feet (15 240 mm) below the high- with more than 20 sleeping units. est level of fire department access shall be equipped with standpipes. Exceptions: 1103.6.2 Existing helistops and heliports. Existing 1. A manual fire alarm system is not required buildings with a rooftop helistop or heliport located more in buildings less than two stories in height than 30 feet (9144 mm) above the lowest level of fire where all sleeping units, attics and crawl department access to the roof level on which the helistop spaces are separated by 1-hour fire-resis- or heliport is located shall be equipped with standpipes in tance-rated construction and each sleeping accordance with Section 2007.5. unit has direct access to a public way, egress court or yard. 1103.7 Fire alarm systems. An approved fire alarm system shall be installed in existing buildings and structures in 2. A manual fire alarm system is not required accordance with Sections 1103.7.1 through 1103.7.6 and in buildings not more than three stories in provide occupant notification in accordance with Section height with not more than 20 sleeping 907.5 unless other requirements are provided by other units and equipped throughout with an sections of this code. automatic sprinkler system installed in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1 or Exception: Occupancies with an existing, previously 903.3.1.2. approved fire alarm system. 3. Manual fire alarm boxes are not required throughout the building where the follow- ing conditions are met: 11-6 2021 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE® EDUFIRE.IR Telegram: EDUFIRE.IR

CONSTRUCTION REQUIREMENTS FOR EXISTING BUILDINGS 3.1. The building is equipped through- occupancies more than three stories in height or with more out with an automatic sprinkler than 16 dwelling or sleeping units. system installed in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1 or 903.3.1.2. Exceptions: 3.2. The notification appliances will 1. Where each living unit is separated from other activate upon sprinkler water flow. contiguous living units by fire barriers having a fire-resistance rating of not less than 3/4 hour, 3.3. Not less than one manual fire and where each living unit has either its own alarm box is installed at an independent exit or its own independent stair- approved location. way or ramp discharging at grade. 1103.7.5.1.1 Group R-1 hotel and motel auto- 2. A separate fire alarm system is not required in matic smoke detection system. An automatic buildings that are equipped throughout with an smoke detection system that activates the occupant approved supervised automatic sprinkler notification system in accordance with Section system installed in accordance with Section 907.5 shall be installed in existing Group R-1 hotels 903.3.1.1 or 903.3.1.2 and having a local alarm and motels throughout all interior corridors serving to notify all occupants. sleeping rooms not equipped with an approved, supervised automatic sprinkler system installed in 3. A fire alarm system is not required in buildings accordance with Section 903. that do not have interior corridors serving dwelling units and are protected by an Exception: An automatic smoke detection approved automatic sprinkler system installed system is not required in buildings that do not in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1 or have interior corridors serving sleeping units 903.3.1.2, provided that dwelling units either and where each sleeping unit has a means of have a means of egress door opening directly to egress door opening directly to an exit or to an an exterior exit access that leads directly to the exterior exit access that leads directly to an exit. exits or are served by open-ended corridors designed in accordance with Section 1027.6, 1103.7.5.2 Group R-1 boarding and rooming Exception 3. houses manual fire alarm system. A manual fire alarm system that activates the occupant notification 4. A fire alarm system is not required in buildings system in accordance with Section 907.5 shall be that do not have interior corridors serving installed in existing Group R-1 boarding and rooming dwelling units, do not exceed three stories in houses. height and comply with both of the following: Exception: Buildings less than two stories in height 4.1. Each dwelling unit is separated from where all sleeping units, attics and crawl spaces are other contiguous dwelling units by fire separated by 1-hour fire-resistance-rated construc- barriers having a fire-resistance rating tion and each sleeping unit has direct access to a of not less than 3/4 hour. public way, egress court or yard. 4.2. Each dwelling unit is provided with 1103.7.5.2.1 Group R-1 boarding and rooming smoke alarms complying with the houses automatic smoke detection system. An requirements of Section 907.2.11. automatic smoke detection system that activates the occupant notification system in accordance with 1103.8 Single- and multiple-station smoke alarms. Single- Section 907.5 shall be installed in existing Group R- and multiple-station smoke alarms shall be installed in exist- 1 boarding and rooming houses throughout all inte- ing Group I-1 and R occupancies in accordance with rior corridors serving sleeping units not equipped Sections 1103.8.1 through 1103.8.3. with an approved, supervised sprinkler system installed in accordance with Section 903. 1103.8.1 Where required. Existing Group I-1 and R occupancies shall be provided with single-station smoke Exception: Buildings equipped with single- alarms in accordance with Section 907.2.11. Interconnec- station smoke alarms meeting or exceeding the tion and power sources shall be in accordance with requirements of Section 907.2.11.1 and where Sections 1103.8.2 and 1103.8.3, respectively. the fire alarm system includes not less than one manual fire alarm box per floor arranged to initi- Exceptions: ate the alarm. 1. Where the code that was in effect at the time of 1103.7.6 Group R-2. A manual fire alarm system that construction required smoke alarms and smoke activates the occupant notification system in accordance alarms complying with those requirements are with Section 907.5 shall be installed in existing Group R-2 already provided. 2. Where smoke alarms have been installed in occupancies and dwellings that were not required to have them at the time of construc- 2021 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE® 11-7 EDUFIRE.IR Telegram: EDUFIRE.IR

CONSTRUCTION REQUIREMENTS FOR EXISTING BUILDINGS tion, additional smoke alarms shall not be 1103.9 Carbon monoxide detection. Carbon monoxide required provided that the existing smoke detection shall be installed in existing Group I-1, I-2, I-4 and alarms comply with requirements that were in R occupancies and in classrooms in Group E occupancies effect at the time of installation. where those units include any of the conditions identified in Sections 915.1.2 through 915.1.6. The carbon monoxide 3. Where smoke detectors connected to a fire alarms shall be installed in the locations specified in Section alarm system have been installed as a substitute 915.2 and the installation shall be in accordance with Section for smoke alarms. 915.4. 1103.8.2 Interconnection. Where more than one smoke Exceptions: alarm is required to be installed within an individual dwelling or sleeping unit, the smoke alarms shall be inter- 1. Carbon monoxide alarms are permitted to be connected in such a manner that the activation of one solely battery operated where the code that was in alarm will activate all of the alarms in the individual unit. effect at the time of construction did not require Physical interconnection of smoke alarms shall not be carbon monoxide detectors to be provided. required where listed wireless alarms are installed and all alarms sound upon activation of one alarm. The alarm 2. Carbon monoxide alarms are permitted to be shall be clearly audible in all bedrooms over background solely battery operated in dwelling units that are noise levels with all intervening doors closed. not served from a commercial power source. Exceptions: 3. A carbon monoxide detection system in accor- dance with Section 915.5 shall be an acceptable 1. Interconnection is not required in buildings that alternative to carbon monoxide alarms. are not undergoing alterations, repairs or construction of any kind. 1103.10 Medical gases. Medical gases stored and trans- ferred in health-care-related facilities shall be in accordance 2. Smoke alarms in existing areas are not required with Chapter 53. to be interconnected where alterations or repairs do not result in the removal of interior SECTION 1104 wall or ceiling finishes exposing the structure, MEANS OF EGRESS FOR EXISTING BUILDINGS unless there is an attic, crawl space or base- ment available that could provide access for 1104.1 General. Means of egress in existing buildings shall interconnection without the removal of interior comply with the minimum egress requirements where speci- finishes. fied in Table 1103.1 as further enumerated in Sections 1104.2 through 1104.25, and the building code that applied 1103.8.3 Power source. Single-station smoke alarms at the time of construction. Where the provisions of this shall receive their primary power from the building chapter conflict with the building code that applied at the wiring provided that such wiring is served from a time of construction, the most restrictive provision shall commercial source and shall be equipped with a battery apply. Existing buildings that were not required to comply backup. Smoke alarms with integral strobes that are not with a building code at the time of construction shall comply equipped with battery backup shall be connected to an with the minimum egress requirements where specified in emergency electrical system. Smoke alarms shall emit a Table 1103.1 as further enumerated in Sections 1104.2 signal when the batteries are low. Wiring shall be perma- through 1104.25. nent and without a disconnecting switch other than as required for overcurrent protection. 1104.2 Elevators, escalators and moving walks. Elevators, escalators and moving walks shall not be used as a compo- Exceptions: nent of a required means of egress. 1. Smoke alarms are permitted to be solely Exceptions: battery operated in existing buildings where construction is not taking place. 1. Elevators used as an accessible means of egress where allowed by Section 1009.4. 2. Smoke alarms are permitted to be solely battery operated in buildings that are not served 2. Previously approved elevators, escalators and from a commercial power source. moving walks in existing buildings. 3. Smoke alarms are permitted to be solely 1104.3 Exit sign illumination. Exit signs shall be internally battery operated in existing areas of buildings or externally illuminated. The face of an exit sign illumi- undergoing alterations or repairs that do not nated from an external source shall have an intensity of not result in the removal of interior walls or ceiling less than 5 footcandles (54 lux). Internally illuminated signs finishes exposing the structure, unless there is shall provide equivalent luminance and be listed for the an attic, crawl space or basement available that purpose. could provide access for building wiring with- out the removal of interior finishes. Exception: Approved self-luminous signs that provide evenly illuminated letters shall have a minimum lumi- nance of 0.06 foot-lamberts (0.21 cd/m2). 11-8 2021 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE® EDUFIRE.IR Telegram: EDUFIRE.IR

CONSTRUCTION REQUIREMENTS FOR EXISTING BUILDINGS 1104.4 Power source. Where emergency illumination is 1104.6.1 Height of guards. Guards shall form a protec- required in Section 1104.5, exit signs shall be visible under tive barrier not less than 42 inches (1067 mm) high. emergency illumination conditions. Exceptions: Exception: Approved signs that provide continuous illu- mination independent of external power sources are not 1. Existing guards on the open side of stairways required to be connected to an emergency electrical shall be not less than 30 inches (760 mm) high. system. 2. Existing guards within dwelling units shall be 1104.5 Illumination emergency power. Where means of not less than 36 inches (910 mm) high. egress illumination is provided, the power supply for means of egress illumination shall normally be provided by the 3. Existing guards in assembly seating areas. premises’ electrical supply. In the event of power supply failure, illumination shall be automatically provided from an 1104.6.2 Opening limitations. Open guards shall have emergency system for the following occupancies where such balusters or ornamental patterns such that a 6-inch-diame- occupancies require two or more means of egress: ter (152 mm) sphere cannot pass through any opening up to a height of 34 inches (864 mm). 1. Group A having 50 or more occupants. Exceptions: Exception: Assembly occupancies used exclu- sively as a place of worship and having an 1. At elevated walking surfaces for access to, and occupant load of less than 300. use of, electrical, mechanical or plumbing systems or equipment, guards shall have balus- 2. Group B buildings three or more stories in height, ters or be of solid materials such that a sphere buildings with 100 or more occupants above or with a diameter of 21 inches (533 mm) cannot below a level of exit discharge serving the occupants pass through any opening. or buildings with 1,000 or more total occupants. 2. In occupancies in Group I-3, F, H or S, the 3. Group E in interior exit access and exit stairways and clear distance between intermediate rails ramps, corridors, windowless areas with student measured at right angles to the rails shall not occupancy, shops and laboratories. exceed 21 inches (533 mm). 4. Group F having more than 100 occupants. 3. Approved existing open guards. Exception: Buildings used only during daylight 1104.7 Size of doors. The required capacity of each door hours and that are provided with windows for opening shall be sufficient for the occupant load thereof and natural light in accordance with the International shall provide a minimum clear opening width of 28 inches Building Code. (711 mm). Where this section requires a minimum clear opening width of 28 inches (711 mm) and a door opening 5. Group I. includes two door leaves without a mullion, one leaf shall provide a clear opening width of 28 inches (711 mm). The 6. Group M. minimum clear opening height of doorways shall be 80 inches (2032 mm). Exception: Buildings less than 3,000 square feet (279 m2) in gross sales area on one story only, Exceptions: excluding mezzanines. 1. The minimum and maximum width shall not 7. Group R-1. apply to door openings that are not part of the required means of egress in occupancies in Group Exception: Where each sleeping unit has direct R-2 and R-3 units that are not required to be an access to the outside of the building at grade. Accessible Type A unit or Type B unit. 8. Group R-2. 2. Door openings to storage closets less than 10 square feet (0.93 m2) in area shall not be limited Exception: Where each dwelling unit or sleeping by the minimum clear opening width. unit has direct access to the outside of the building at grade. 3. The width of door leaves in revolving doors that comply with Section 1010.3.1 shall not be limited. 1104.5.1 Emergency power duration and installation. Emergency power for means of egress illumination shall 4. The maximum width of door leaves in power- be provided in accordance with Section 1203. In other operated doors that comply with Section 1010.3.2 than Group I-2, emergency power shall be provided for shall not be limited. not less than 60 minutes for systems requiring emergency power. 5. Door openings within a dwelling unit shall have a minimum clear opening height of 78 inches (1981 1104.6 Guards. Guards complying with this section shall be mm). provided at the open sides of means of egress that are more than 30 inches (762 mm) above the floor or grade below. 6. In dwelling and sleeping units that are not required to be Accessible units, Type A units or Type B 2021 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE® 11-9 EDUFIRE.IR Telegram: EDUFIRE.IR

CONSTRUCTION REQUIREMENTS FOR EXISTING BUILDINGS units, exterior door openings, other than the 2. Existing revolving doors where the number of required exit door, shall have a minimum clear revolving doors does not exceed the number of opening height of 76 inches (1930 mm). swinging doors within 20 feet (6096 mm). 7. Exit access doors serving a room not larger than TABLE 1104.9 70 square feet (6.5 m2) shall have a minimum door REVOLVING DOOR SPEEDS leaf width of 24 inches (610 mm). INSIDE DIAMETER POWER-DRIVEN-TYPE MANUAL-TYPE SPEED 8. The minimum clear opening width shall not apply (feet-inches) to doors for nonaccessible showers or sauna SPEED CONTROL CONTROL compartments. (rpm) (rpm) 9. The minimum clear opening width shall not apply to the doors for nonaccessible toilet stalls. 6-6 11 12 10. Door closers and door stops shall be permitted to 7-0 10 11 be 78 inches (1980 mm) minimum above the floor. 7-6 9 11 1104.7.1 Group I-2. In Group I-2 occupancies, means of 8-0 9 10 egress doors where used for the movement of beds shall provide a minimum clear opening width of 411/2 inches 8-6 8 9 (1054 mm). 9-0 8 9 Doors serving as means of egress doors and not used for movement of beds shall provide a minimum clear 9-6 7 8 opening width of 32 inches (813 mm). 10-0 7 8 1104.7.2 Ambulatory care. In ambulatory care facilities, doors serving as means of egress from patient treatment For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 foot = 304.8 mm. rooms shall provide a minimum clear opening width of 32 inches (813 mm). 1104.9.1 Egress component. A revolving door used as a component of a means of egress shall comply with 1104.8 Opening force for doors. The opening force for Section 1104.9 and all of the following conditions: interior side-swinging doors without closers shall not exceed a 5-pound (22 N) force. The opening forces do not apply to 1. Revolving doors shall not be given credit for more the force required to retract latch bolts or disengage other than 50 percent of the required egress capacity. devices that hold the door in a closed position. For other side-swinging, sliding and folding doors, the door latch shall 2. Each revolving door shall be credited with not release when subjected to a force of not more than 15 pounds more than a 50-person capacity. (66 N). The door shall be set in motion when subjected to a force not exceeding 30 pounds (133 N). The door shall 3. Revolving doors shall be capable of being swing to a full-open position when subjected to a force of not collapsed when a force of not more than 130 more than 50 pounds (222 N). Forces shall be applied to the pounds (578 N) is applied within 3 inches (76 latch side. mm) of the outer edge of a wing. 1104.9 Revolving doors. Revolving doors shall comply with 1104.10 Stair dimensions for existing stairways. Existing the following: stairways in buildings shall be permitted to remain if the rise does not exceed 81/4 inches (210 mm) and the run is not less 1. A revolving door shall not be located within 10 feet than 9 inches (229 mm). Existing stairways can be rebuilt. (3048 mm) of the foot or top of stairways or escala- tors. A dispersal area shall be provided between the Exception: Other stairways approved by the fire code stairways or escalators and the revolving doors. official. 2. The revolutions per minute for a revolving door shall 1104.10.1 Dimensions for replacement stairways. The not exceed those shown in Table 1104.9. replacement of an existing stairway in a structure shall not be required to comply with the new stairway require- 3. Each revolving door shall have a conforming side- ments of Section 1011 where the existing space and hinged swinging door in the same wall as the revolv- construction will not allow a reduction in pitch or slope. ing door and within 10 feet (3048 mm). 1104.11 Winders. Existing winders shall be allowed to Exceptions: remain in use if they have a minimum tread depth of 6 inches (152 mm) and a minimum tread depth of 9 inches (229 mm) 1. A revolving door is permitted to be used without at a point 12 inches (305 mm) from the narrowest edge. an adjacent swinging door for street-floor elevator lobbies provided that a stairway, escalator or door 1104.12 Curved stairways. Existing curved stairways shall from other parts of the building does not discharge be allowed to continue in use, provided that the minimum through the lobby and the lobby does not have any depth of tread is 10 inches (254 mm) and the smallest radius occupancy or use other than as a means of travel shall be not less than twice the width of the stairway. between elevators and a street. 1104.13 Stairway handrails. Stairways shall have handrails on at least one side. Handrails shall be located so that all portions of the stairway width required for egress capacity are within 44 inches (1118 mm) of a handrail. Exception: Aisle stairs provided with a center handrail are not required to have additional handrails. 11-10 2021 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE® EDUFIRE.IR Telegram: EDUFIRE.IR

CONSTRUCTION REQUIREMENTS FOR EXISTING BUILDINGS 1104.13.1 Height. Handrail height, measured above stair provided with counterbalanced stairs reaching the tread nosings, shall be uniform, not less than 30 inches ground. (762 mm) and not more than 42 inches (1067 mm). Exception: For fire escape stairways serving 10 or 1104.14 Slope of ramps. Ramp runs utilized as part of a fewer occupants, an approved fire escape ladder is means of egress shall have a running slope not steeper than 1 allowed to serve as the termination. unit vertical in 10 units horizontal (10-percent slope). The slope of other ramps shall not be steeper than 1 unit vertical [BE] 1104.16.7 Maintenance. Fire escape stairways in 8 units horizontal (12.5-percent slope). shall be kept clear and unobstructed at all times and shall be maintained in good working order. 1104.15 Width of ramps. Existing ramps are permitted to have a minimum width of 30 inches (762 mm) but not less 1104.17 Corridor construction. Corridors serving an occu- than the width required for the number of occupants served pant load greater than 30 and the openings therein shall as determined by Section 1005.1. In Group I-2, ramps serv- provide an effective barrier to resist the movement of smoke. ing as a means of egress and used for the movement of Transoms, louvers, doors and other openings shall be kept patients in beds shall comply with Section 1105.6.4. closed or be self-closing. In Group I-2, corridors in areas housing patient sleeping or care rooms shall comply with [BE] 1104.16 Fire escape stairways. Fire escape stairways Section 1105.5. shall comply with Sections 1104.16.1 through 1104.16.7. Exceptions: [BE] 1104.16.1 Existing means of egress. Fire escape stairways shall be permitted in existing buildings but 1. Corridors in occupancies other than in Group H, shall not constitute more than 50 percent of the required that are equipped throughout with an approved exit capacity. automatic sprinkler system. [BE] 1104.16.2 Opening protectives. Doors and 2. Corridors in occupancies in Group E where each windows within 10 feet (3048 mm) of fire escape stair- room utilized for instruction or assembly has not ways shall be protected with 3/4-hour opening protectives. less than one-half of the required means of egress doors opening directly to the exterior of the build- Exception: Opening protectives shall not be required ing at ground level. in buildings equipped throughout with an approved automatic sprinkler system. 3. Corridors that are in accordance with the Interna- tional Building Code. [BE] 1104.16.3 Dimensions. Fire escape stairways shall meet the minimum width, capacity, riser height and tread 1104.17.1 Corridor openings. Openings in corridor depth as specified in Section 1104.10. walls shall comply with the requirements of the Interna- tional Building Code. [BE] 1104.16.4 Access. Access to a fire escape stairway from a corridor shall not be through an intervening room. Exceptions: Access to a fire escape stairway shall be from a door or window meeting the criteria of Section 1005.1. Access to 1. Where 20-minute fire door assemblies are a fire escape stairway shall be directly to a balcony, land- required, solid wood doors not less than 1.75 ing or platform. These shall not be higher than the floor or inches (44 mm) thick or insulated steel doors window sill level and not lower than 8 inches (203 mm) are allowed. below the floor level or 18 inches (457 mm) below the window sill. 2. Openings protected with fixed wire glass set in steel frames. [BE] 1104.16.5 Materials and strength. Components of fire escape stairways shall be constructed of noncombus- 3. Openings covered with 0.5-inch (12.7 mm) tible materials. Fire escape stairways and balconies shall gypsum wallboard or 0.75-inch (19.1 mm) support the dead load plus a live load of not less than 100 plywood on the room side. pounds per square foot (4.78 kN/m2). Fire escape stair- ways and balconies shall be provided with a top and 4. Opening protection is not required where the intermediate handrail on each side. building is equipped throughout with an approved automatic sprinkler system. [BE] 1104.16.5.1 Examination. Fire escape stairways and balconies shall be examined for structural 1104.18 Dead ends. Where more than one exit or exit access adequacy and safety in accordance with Section doorway is required, the exit access shall be arranged such 1104.16.5 by a registered design professional or others that dead ends do not exceed the limits specified in Table acceptable to the fire code official every 5 years, or as 1104.18. required by the fire code official. An inspection report shall be submitted to the fire code official after such Exceptions: examination. 1. A dead-end corridor shall not be limited in length [BE] 1104.16.6 Termination. The lowest balcony shall where the length of the dead-end corridor is less not be more than 18 feet (5486 mm) from the ground. Fire than 2.5 times the least width of the dead-end escape stairways shall extend to the ground or be corridor. 2. In existing buildings, existing dead-end corridors shall be permitted to comply with lengths estab- lished in Section 804.7 of the International Existing Building Code. Any newly constructed 2021 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE® 11-11 EDUFIRE.IR Telegram: EDUFIRE.IR

CONSTRUCTION REQUIREMENTS FOR EXISTING BUILDINGS dead-end corridors within an existing building 1104.20 Common path of egress travel. The common path shall be limited to the lengths allowed by the of egress travel shall not exceed the distances given in Table International Building Code. 1104.18. 1104.19 Exit access travel distance. Exits shall be located 1104.21 Stairway discharge identification. An interior exit so that the maximum length of exit access travel, measured stairway or ramp that continues below its level of exit from the most remote point to an approved exit along the discharge shall be arranged and marked to make the direc- natural and unobstructed path of egress travel, does not tion of egress to a public way readily identifiable. exceed the distances given in Table 1104.18. Exception: Stairways that continue one-half story beyond their levels of exit discharge need not be provided with barriers where the exit discharge is obvious. TABLE 1104.18 COMMON PATH, DEAD-END AND TRAVEL DISTANCE LIMITS (by occupancy) COMMON PATH OF EGRESS DEAD-END LIMIT EGRESS ACCESS TRAVEL TRAVEL LIMIT DISTANCE LIMIT OCCUPANCY Unsprinklered Sprinklered Unsprinklered Sprinklered Unsprinklered Sprinklered (feet) (feet) (feet) (feet)j (feet) (feet) Group A Group Bh 75 20/75j 20a 20a 200 250j Group E Group F-1, S-1 75g 100j 50 50 200 300j Group F-2, S-2 Group H-1 75 75j 20 50 200 250j Group H-2 Group H-3 75g 100j 50 50 200c 250c, h, j Group H-4 Group H-5 75g 100j 50 50 300 400l Group I-1 Group I-2 25 25l 0 0 75 75j, l Group I-3 Group I-4 50 100l 0 0 75 100 j, l Group M Group R-1 50 100l 20 20 100 150j, l Group R-2 Group R-3 75 75l 20 20 150 175j, l Group R-4 Group U 75 75l 20 50 150 200j 75 75l 20 50 200 250j Notes d, e, f Notes d, e, f, j Note e Note e 150 200b, j 100 100j NR NR 150b 200b, j NR NR 20 20 200 250j 75 100j 50 50 200 250i, j 75 75j, k 50 50 200 250j, k 75 125j, k 50 50 200 250j, k NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR 75g 100j 20 50 300 400j NR = No Requirements. For SI: 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 square foot = 0.0929 m2. a. See Section 1030.9.5 for dead-end aisles in Group A occupancies. b. This dimension is for the total travel distance, assuming incremental portions have fully utilized their allowable maximums. For travel distance within the room, and from the room exit access door to the exit, see the appropriate occupancy chapter. c. See Section 412 of the International Building Code for special requirements on spacing of doors in aircraft hangars. d. Separation of exit access doors within a care recipient sleeping room, or any suite that includes care recipient sleeping rooms, shall comply with Section 1105.5.6. e. In smoke compartments containing care recipient sleeping rooms and treatment rooms, dead-end corridors shall comply with Section 1105.6.5. f. In Group I-2, Condition 2, care recipient sleeping rooms or any suite that includes care recipient sleeping rooms shall comply with Section 1105.7. g. Where a tenant space in Group B, S and U occupancies has an occupant load of not more than 30, the length of a common path of egress travel shall be not more than 100 feet. h. Where the building, or portion of the building, is limited to one story and the height from the finished floor to the bottom of the ceiling or roof slab or deck is 24 feet or more, the exit access travel distance is increased to 400 feet. i. For covered and open malls, the exit access travel distance is increased to 400 feet. j. Buildings equipped with an approved automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1. k. Buildings equipped with an approved automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Section 903.3.1.2. l. Group H occupancies equipped with an approved automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Section 903.2.5. 11-12 2021 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE® EDUFIRE.IR Telegram: EDUFIRE.IR

CONSTRUCTION REQUIREMENTS FOR EXISTING BUILDINGS 1104.22 Exterior stairway protection. Exterior exit stair- 3. Twenty inches (508 mm) between a stepped aisle ways shall be separated from the interior of the building as handrail or guard and seating where the aisle is required in Section 1027.6. Openings shall be limited to subdivided by a mid-aisle handrail. those necessary for egress from normally occupied spaces. 4. Forty-two inches (1067 mm) for level or ramped Exceptions: aisles having seating on both sides. 1. Separation from the interior of the building is not Exceptions: required for buildings that are two stories or less above grade where the level of exit discharge serv- 1. Thirty-six inches (914 mm) where the ing such occupancies is the first story above aisle serves fewer than 50 seats. grade. 2. Thirty inches (760 mm) where the 2. Separation from the interior of the building is not aisle serves fewer than 15 seats and required where the exterior stairway is served by does not serve as part of an accessible an exterior balcony that connects two remote exte- route. rior stairways or other approved exits, with a perimeter that is not less than 50 percent open. To 5. Thirty-six inches (914 mm) for level or ramped aisles be considered open, the opening shall be not less having seating on only one side. than 50 percent of the height of the enclosing wall, with the top of the opening not less than 7 feet Exception: Thirty inches (760 mm) for catch- (2134 mm) above the top of the balcony. ment areas serving not more than 60 seats and not serving as part of an accessible route. 3. Separation from the interior of the building is not required for an exterior stairway located in a 6. In Group I-2, where aisles are used for movement of building or structure that is permitted to have patients in beds, aisles shall comply with Section unenclosed interior stairways in accordance with 1105.6.8. Section 1023. 1104.24 Stairway floor number signs. Existing stairways 4. Separation from the open-ended corridors of the shall be marked in accordance with Section 1023.9. building is not required for exterior stairways provided that: 1104.25 Egress path markings. Existing high-rise buildings of Group A, B, E, I, M and R-1 occupancies shall be 4.1. The open-ended corridors comply with provided with luminous egress path markings in accordance Section 1020. with Section 1025. 4.2. The open-ended corridors are connected Exception: Open, unenclosed stairwells in historic build- on each end to an exterior exit stairway ings designated as historic under a state or local historic complying with Section 1027. preservation program. 4.3. At any location in an open-ended corridor SECTION 1105 where a change of direction exceeding 45 CONSTRUCTION REQUIREMENTS degrees (0.79 rad) occurs, a clear opening of not less than 35 square feet (3 m2) or an FOR EXISTING GROUP I-2 exterior stairway shall be provided. Where clear openings are provided, they shall be 1105.1 General. Existing Group I-2 shall meet all of the located so as to minimize the accumula- following requirements: tion of smoke or toxic gases. 1. The minimum fire safety requirements in Section 1104.23 Minimum aisle width. The minimum clear width 1103. of aisles shall comply with the following: 2. The minimum means of egress requirements in 1. Forty-two inches (1067 mm) for stepped aisles Section 1104. having seating on each side. 3. The additional egress and construction requirements Exception: Thirty-six inches (914 mm) where in Section 1105. the stepped aisle serves fewer than 50 seats. Where the provisions of this chapter conflict with the 2. Thirty-six inches (914 mm) for stepped aisles having construction requirements that applied at the time of seating on only one side. construction, the most restrictive provision shall apply. Exceptions: 1105.2 Applicability. The provisions of Sections 1105.3 through 1105.8, 1105.10 and 1105.11 shall apply to the 1. Thirty inches (760 mm) for catchment existing Group I-2 fire area. areas serving not more than 60 seats. 1105.3 Construction. Group I-2, Condition 2 shall not be 2. Twenty-three inches (584 mm) located on a floor level higher than the floor level limitation between a stepped aisle handrail and in Table 1105.3 based on the type of construction. seating where a stepped aisle does not serve more than five rows on one side. 2021 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE® 11-13 EDUFIRE.IR Telegram: EDUFIRE.IR

CONSTRUCTION REQUIREMENTS FOR EXISTING BUILDINGS TABLE 1105.3 1105.4 Incidental uses in existing Group I-2. Incidental FLOOR LEVEL LIMITATIONS FOR GROUP I-2, CONDITION 2 uses associated with and located within existing single-occu- pancy or mixed-occupancy Group I-2 buildings and that CONSTRUCTION AUTOMATIC ALLOWABLE FLOOR LEVELa generally pose a greater level of risk to such occupancies TYPE SPRINKLER 1 2 3 4 or more shall comply with the provisions of Sections 1105.4.1 through 1105.4.3.2.1. Incidental uses in Group I-2 occupan- SYSTEM cies are limited to those listed in Table 1105.4. IA Note b PPP P 1105.4.1 Occupancy classification. Incidental uses shall not be individually classified in accordance with Section Note c PPP P 302.1 of the International Building Code. Incidental uses shall be included in the building occupancies within IB Note b PPP P which they are located. Note c PPP P 1105.4.2 Area limitations. Incidental uses shall not IIA Note b PPP NP occupy more than 10 percent of the building area of the story in which they are located. Note c P NP NP NP 1105.4.3 Separation and protection. The incidental uses IIB Note b P P NP NP listed in Table 1105.4 shall be separated from the remain- Note c NP NP NP NP der of the building or equipped with an automatic sprinkler system, or both, in accordance with the provi- IIIA Note b P P NP NP sions of that table. Note c P NP NP NP 1105.4.3.1 Separation. Where Table 1105.4 specifies IIIB Note b P NP NP NP a fire-resistance-rated separation, the incidental uses Note c NP NP NP NP shall be separated from the remainder of the building in accordance with Section 509.4.1 of the Interna- IV Note b P P NP NP tional Building Code. Note c NP NP NP NP 1105.4.3.2 Protection. Where Table 1105.4 permits VA Note b P P NP NP an automatic sprinkler system without a fire-resis- Note c NP NP NP NP tance-rated separation, the incidental uses shall be separated from the remainder of the building by VB Note b P NP NP NP construction capable of resisting the passage of smoke Note c NP NP NP NP in accordance with Section 509.4.2 of the Interna- tional Building Code. P = Permitted; NP = Not Permitted. a. Floor level shall be counted based on the number of stories above grade. b. The building is equipped throughout with an automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1. c. The building is equipped with an automatic sprinkler system in accor- dance with Section 1105.8. TABLE 1105.4 INCIDENTAL USES IN EXISTING GROUP I-2 OCCUPANCIES ROOM OR AREA SEPARATION AND/OR PROTECTION Furnace room where any piece of equipment is over 400,000 Btu per hour 1 hour or provide automatic sprinkler system input Rooms with boilers where the largest piece of equipment is over 15 psi and 10 1 hour or provide automatic sprinkler system horsepower Refrigerant machinery room 1 hour or provide automatic sprinkler system Hydrogen fuel gas rooms, not classified as Group H 2 hours Incinerator rooms 2 hours and provide automatic sprinkler system Paint shops not classified as Group H 2 hours; or 1 hour and provide automatic sprinkler system Laboratories and vocational shops, not classified as Group H 1 hour or provide automatic sprinkler system Laundry rooms over 100 square feet 1 hour or provide automatic sprinkler system Patient rooms equipped with padded surfaces 1 hour or provide automatic sprinkler system Physical plant maintenance shops 1 hour or provide automatic sprinkler system Waste and linen collection rooms with containers with total volume of 10 cubic 1 hour or provide automatic sprinkler system feet or greater Storage rooms greater than 100 square feet 1 hour or provide automatic sprinkler system Stationary storage battery systems having a liquid electrolyte capacity of more 2 hours than 50 gallons for flooded lead-acid, nickel cadmium or VRLA, or more than 1,000 pounds for lithium-ion and lithium metal polymer used for facility standby power, emergency power or uninterruptable power supplies For SI: 1 square foot = 0.0929 m2, 1 pound per square inch (psi) = 6.9 kPa, 1 British thermal unit (Btu) per hour = 0.293 watts, 1 horsepower = 746 watts, 1 gallon = 3.785 L. 11-14 2021 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE® EDUFIRE.IR Telegram: EDUFIRE.IR

CONSTRUCTION REQUIREMENTS FOR EXISTING BUILDINGS 1105.4.3.2.1 Protection limitation. Except as material; and storage rooms that are not required otherwise specified in Table 1105.4 for certain inci- to be separated as incidental uses. dental uses, where an automatic sprinkler system is provided in accordance with Table 1105.4, only the 1105.5.4.2.2 Corridor doors. Doors in corridor space occupied by the incidental use need be walls shall limit the transfer of smoke by complying equipped with such a system. with the following: 1105.5 Corridor construction. In Group I-2, in areas hous- 1. Doors shall be constructed of not less than ing patient sleeping or care rooms, corridor walls and the 13/4 inch-thick (44 mm) solid bonded-core opening protectives therein shall provide a barrier designed wood or capable of resisting fire not less to resist the passage of smoke in accordance with Sections than 1/3 hour. 1105.5.1 through 1105.5.7. Exception: Corridor doors in buildings equipped throughout with an automatic 1105.5.1 Materials. The walls shall be of materials sprinkler system. permitted by the building type of construction. 2. Frames for side-hinged swinging doors 1105.5.2 Fire-resistance rating. Unless required else- shall have stops on the sides and top to where in this code, corridor walls are not required to have limit transfer of smoke. a fire-resistance rating. Corridor walls that were installed as fire-resistance-rated assemblies in accordance with the 3. Where provided, vision panels in doors applicable codes under which the building was shall be a fixed glass window assembly constructed, remodeled or altered shall be maintained installed to limit the passage of smoke. unless modified in accordance with the International Existing wired glass panels with steel Existing Building Code. frames shall be permitted to remain in place. 1105.5.3 Corridor wall continuity. Corridor walls shall extend from the top of the foundation or floor below to 4. The clearance between the bottom of the one of the following: door and floor shall not exceed 1 inch (25 mm). 1. The underside of the floor or roof sheathing, deck or slab above. 5. Doors shall be positive latching with devices that resist not less than 5 pounds 2. The underside of a ceiling above where the ceiling (22.2 N). Roller latches are prohibited. membrane is constructed to limit the passage of smoke. 6. Mail slots or similar openings shall be permitted in accordance with Section 3. The underside of a lay-in ceiling system where the 1105.5.4.3. ceiling system is constructed to limit the passage of smoke and where the ceiling tiles weigh not 1105.5.4.2.3 Dutch doors. Where provided, Dutch less than 1 pound per square foot (4.88 kg/m2) of doors shall comply with Section 1105.5.4.2.2. In tile. addition, Dutch doors shall be equipped with latch- ing devices on either the top or bottom leaf to allow 1105.5.4 Openings in corridor walls. Openings in corri- leaves to latch together. The space between the dor walls shall provide protection in accordance with leaves shall be protected with devices such as Sections 1105.5.4.1 through 1105.5.4.3. astragals to limit the passage of smoke. 1105.5.4.1 Windows. Windows in corridor walls shall 1105.5.4.2.4 Self- or automatic-closing doors. be sealed to limit the passage of smoke, or the window Where self- or automatic-closing doors are required, shall be automatic-closing upon detection of smoke, or closers shall be maintained in operational condition. the window opening shall be protected by an automatic Hold-open devices on doors shall be capable of closing device that closes upon detection of smoke. manual release. Exception: In smoke compartments not containing 1105.5.4.2.5 Protective plates. Protective plates patient sleeping rooms, pass-through windows or installed on corridor doors shall not be limited in similar openings shall be permitted in accordance size. with Section 1105.5.4.3. 1105.5.4.3 Openings in corridor walls and doors. In 1105.5.4.2 Doors. Doors in corridor walls shall other than smoke compartments containing patient comply with Sections 1105.5.4.2.1 through sleeping rooms, mail slots, pass-through windows or 1105.5.4.2.3. similar openings shall not be required to be protected where the aggregate area of the openings between the 1105.5.4.2.1 Louvers. Doors in corridor walls shall corridor and a room are not greater than 80 square not include louvers, transfer grills or similar inches (51 613 mm2) and are located with the top edge openings. of any opening not higher than 48 inches above the floor. Exception: Doors shall be permitted to have louvers, transfer grills or similar openings at 11-15 toilet rooms or bathrooms; storage rooms that do not contain storage of flammable or combustible Telegram: EDUFIRE.IR 2021 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE® EDUFIRE.IR

CONSTRUCTION REQUIREMENTS FOR EXISTING BUILDINGS 1105.5.5 Penetrations. The space around penetrating 1105.6.5 Corridor width. In areas where corridors are items shall be filled with an approved material to limit the used for movement of patients in beds, the clear width of passage of smoke. the corridor shall be not less than 48 inches (1219 mm). 1105.5.6 Joints. Joints shall be filled with an approved 1105.6.6 Dead-end corridors. In smoke compartments material to limit the passage of smoke. containing patient sleeping rooms and treatment rooms, dead-end corridors shall not exceed 30 feet (9144 mm) 1105.5.7 Ducts and air transfer openings. The space unless approved by the fire code official. around a duct penetrating a smoke partition shall be filled with an approved material to limit the passage of smoke. 1105.6.7 Separation of exit access doors. Patient sleep- Air transfer openings in smoke partitions shall be ing rooms, or any suite that includes patient sleeping provided with a smoke damper complying with Section rooms, of more than 1,000 square feet (92.9 m2) shall 717.3.2.2 of the International Building Code. have not less than two exit access doors placed a distance apart equal to not less than one-third of the length of the Exception: Where the installation of a smoke damper maximum overall diagonal dimension of the patient will interfere with the operation of a required smoke sleeping room or suite to be served, measured in a straight control system in accordance with Section 909, line between exit access doors. approved alternative protection shall be utilized. 1105.6.8 Aisles. In areas where aisles are used for move- 1105.6 Means of egress. In addition to the means of egress ment of patients in beds, the clear width of the aisle shall requirements in Section 1104, Group I-2 facilities shall meet be not less than 48 inches (1219 mm). the means of egress requirements in Sections 1105.6.1 through 1105.6.8. 1105.7 Smoke compartments. Smoke compartments shall be provided in existing Group I-2, Condition 2, in accor- 1105.6.1 Two means of egress. A means of egress shall dance with Sections 1105.7.1 through 1105.7.6. be provided from each smoke compartment created by smoke barriers without having to return through the 1105.7.1 Design. Smoke barriers shall be provided to smoke compartment from which the means of egress orig- subdivide each story used for patients sleeping with an inated. Smoke compartments that do not contain an exit occupant load of more than 30 patients into not fewer shall be provided with direct access to not less than two than two smoke compartments. adjacent smoke compartments. 1105.7.1.1 Refuge areas. Refuge areas shall be 1105.6.2 Size of door. Means of egress doors used for the provided within each smoke compartment. The size of movement of patients in beds shall provide a minimum the refuge area shall accommodate the occupants and clear width of 411/2 inches (1054 mm). The height of the care recipients from the adjoining smoke compartment. door opening shall be not less than 80 inches (2032 mm). Where a smoke compartment is adjoined by two or more smoke compartments, the minimum area of the Exceptions: refuge area shall accommodate the largest occupant load of the adjoining compartments. 1. Door closers and door stops shall be permitted to be 78 inches (1981 mm) minimum above the The size of the refuge area shall provide the floor. following: 2. In Group I-2, Condition 1, existing means of 1. Not less than 30 net square feet (2.8 m2) for egress doors used for the movement of patients each care recipient confined to a bed or in beds that provide a minimum clear width of stretcher. 32 inches (813 mm) shall be permitted to remain. 2. Not less than 15 square feet (1.4 m2) for each resident in a Group I-2 using mobility assis- 1105.6.3 Group I-2 occupancies. In Group I-2, where a tance devices. door serves as an opening protective in a fire barrier, smoke barrier or fire wall and where the door is equipped 3. Not less than 6 square feet (0.56 m2) for each with a hold-open device, such door shall automatically occupant not addressed in Items 1 and 2. close upon any of the following conditions: Areas of spaces permitted to be included in the 1. Actuation of smoke detectors initiating the hold- calculation of the refuge area are corridors, sleeping open device. areas, treatment rooms, lounge or dining areas and other low-hazard areas. 2. Activation of the fire alarm system within the zone. 1105.7.2 Smoke barriers. Smoke barriers shall be constructed in accordance with Section 709 of the Inter- 3. Activation of an automatic sprinkler system national Building Code. within the zone. Exceptions: 1105.6.4 Ramps. In areas where ramps are used for movement of patients in beds, the clear width of the ramp 1. Existing smoke barriers are permitted to shall be not less than 48 inches (1219 mm). remain where the existing smoke barrier has a minimum fire-resistance rating of 1/2 hour. 11-16 2021 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE® EDUFIRE.IR Telegram: EDUFIRE.IR

CONSTRUCTION REQUIREMENTS FOR EXISTING BUILDINGS 2. Smoke barriers shall be permitted to terminate 1105.11 Essential electrical systems. Essential electrical at an atrium enclosure in accordance with systems in Group I-2, Condition 2 occupancies shall be in Section 404.6 of the International Building accordance with Sections 1105.11.1 and 1105.11.2. Code. 1105.11.1 Where required. Where required by NFPA 1105.7.3 Opening protectives. Openings in smoke barri- 99, Group I-2, Condition 2 occupancies shall be provided ers shall be protected in accordance with Section 716 of with an essential electrical system in accordance with the International Building Code. Opening protectives NFPA 99. shall have a minimum fire protection rating of 1/3 hour. 1105.11.2 Installation and duration. In Group I-2, Exceptions: Condition 2 occupancies, the installation and duration of operation of existing essential electrical systems shall be 1. Existing wired glass vision panels in doors based on a hazard vulnerability analysis conducted in shall be permitted to remain. accordance with NFPA 99. 2. Existing nonlabeled protection plates shall be SECTION 1106 permitted to remain. REQUIREMENTS FOR OUTDOOR OPERATIONS 1105.7.4 Penetrations. Penetrations of smoke barriers 1106.1 Tire storage yards. Existing tire storage yards shall shall comply with the International Building Code. be provided with fire apparatus access roads in accordance with Sections 1106.1.1 and 1106.1.2. Exception: Approved existing materials and methods of construction. 1106.1.1 Access to piles. Access roadways shall be within 150 feet (45 720 mm) of any point in the storage 1105.7.5 Joints. Joints made in or between smoke barri- yard where storage piles are located not less than 20 feet ers shall comply with the International Building Code. (6096 mm) from any storage pile. Exception: Approved existing materials and methods 1106.1.2 Location within piles. Fire apparatus access of construction. roads shall be located within all pile clearances identified in Section 3405.4 and within all fire breaks required in 1105.7.6 Duct and air transfer openings. Penetrations Section 3405.5. in a smoke barrier by duct and air transfer openings shall comply with Section 717 of the International Building Code. Exception: Where existing duct and air transfer open- ings in smoke barriers exist without smoke dampers, they shall be permitted to remain. Any changes to existing smoke dampers shall be submitted for review and approved in accordance with Section 717 of the International Building Code. 1105.8 Group I-2 care suites. Care suites in existing Group I-2, Condition 2 occupancies shall comply with Sections 407.4.4 through 407.4.4.6.2 of the International Building Code. 1105.9 Group I-2 automatic sprinkler system. An auto- matic sprinkler system installed in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1 shall be provided throughout the floor containing the Group I-2 fire area. The sprinkler system shall be provided throughout the floor where the Group I-2 occu- pancy is located, on all floors between the Group I-2 occupancy fire area and the level of exit discharge, the level of exit discharge, and all floors below the level of exit discharge. Exception: Floors classified as an open parking garage are not required to be sprinklered. 1105.10 Group I-2 automatic fire alarm system. An auto- matic fire alarm system shall be installed in existing Group I- 2 occupancies in accordance with Section 907.2.6.2. Exception: Manual fire alarm boxes in patient sleeping areas shall not be required at exits if located at all nurses’ control stations or other constantly attended staff loca- tions, provided such that manual fire alarm boxes are visible, are provided with ready access, and travel distances required in Section 907.4.2.1 are not exceeded. 2021 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE® 11-17 EDUFIRE.IR Telegram: EDUFIRE.IR

11-18 2021 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE® EDUFIRE.IR Telegram: EDUFIRE.IR

CHAPTER 12 ENERGY SYSTEMS User note: About this chapter: Chapter 12 was added to address the current energy systems found in this code, and is provided for the introduction of a wide range of systems to generate and store energy in, on and adjacent to buildings and facilities. The expansion of such energy systems is related to meeting today’s energy, environmental and economic challenges. Ensuring appropriate criteria to address the safety of such systems in building and fire codes is an important part of protecting the public at large, building occupants and emergency respond- ers. More specifically, this chapter addresses standby and emergency power, portable generators, photovoltaic systems, fuel cell energy systems, and energy storage systems. SECTION 1201 ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEM COMMISSIONING. ¬ GENERAL ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEM DECOMMISSIONING. 1201.1 Scope. The provisions of this chapter shall apply to the installation, operation, maintenance, repair, retrofitting, FUEL CELL POWER SYSTEM, STATIONARY. testing, commissioning and decommissioning of energy systems used for generating or storing energy. It shall not PORTABLE GENERATOR. apply to equipment associated with the generation, control, transformation, transmission, or distribution of energy instal- STANDBY POWER SYSTEM. lations that is under the exclusive control of an electric utility or lawfully designated agency. SECTION 1203 EMERGENCY AND STANDBY POWER SYSTEMS 1201.2 Electrical wiring and equipment. Electrical wiring and equipment used in connection with energy systems shall 1203.1 General. Emergency power systems and standby be installed and maintained in accordance with this chapter, power systems required by this code or the International Section 603 and NFPA 70. Building Code shall comply with Sections 1203.1.1 through 1203.1.9. 1201.3 Mixed system installation. Where approved, the aggregate nameplate kWh energy of all energy storage 1203.1.1 Stationary generators. Stationary emergency systems in a fire area shall not exceed the maximum quan- and standby power generators required by this code shall tity specified for any of the energy systems in this chapter. be listed in accordance with UL 2200. Where required by the fire code official, a hazard mitigation analysis shall be provided and approved in accordance with 1203.1.2 Fuel line piping protection. Fuel lines supply- Section 104.8.2 to evaluate any potential adverse interaction ing a generator set inside a high-rise building shall be between the various energy systems and technologies. separated from areas of the building other than the room the generator is located in by one of the following SECTION 1202 methods: DEFINITIONS 1. A fire-resistant pipe-protection system that has 1202.1 Definitions. The following terms are defined in been tested in accordance with UL 1489. The Chapter 2: system shall be installed as tested and in accor- dance with the manufacturer’s installation BATTERY SYSTEM, STATIONARY STORAGE. instructions, and shall have a rating of not less than 2 hours. Where the building is protected BATTERY TYPES. throughout with an automatic sprinkler system ¬ CAPACITOR ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEM. installed in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1, the required rating shall be reduced to 1 hour. CRITICAL CIRCUIT. 2. An assembly that has a fire-resistance rating of EMERGENCY POWER SYSTEM. not less than 2 hours. Where the building is protected throughout with an automatic sprinkler ENERGY STORAGE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS. system installed in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1, the required fire-resistance rating shall ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEM (ESS). be reduced to 1 hour. ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEM, 3. Other approved methods. ELECTROCHEMICAL. 1203.1.3 Installation. Emergency power systems and ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEM, MOBILE. standby power systems shall be installed in accordance with the International Building Code, NFPA 70, NFPA ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEM, WALK-IN UNIT. 110 and NFPA 111. ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEM CABINET. 2021 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE® 12-1 EDUFIRE.IR Telegram: EDUFIRE.IR

ENERGY SYSTEMS 1203.2.5 Exhaust ventilation. Standby power shall be provided for mechanical exhaust ventilation systems as 1203.1.4 Load transfer. Emergency power systems shall required in Section 1207.6.1.2.1. The system shall be automatically provide secondary power within 10 capable of powering the required load for a duration of seconds after primary power is lost, unless specified not less than 2 hours. otherwise in this code. Standby power systems shall auto- matically provide secondary power within 60 seconds 1203.2.6 Exit signs. Emergency power shall be provided after primary power is lost, unless specified otherwise in for exit signs as required in Section 1013.6.3. The system this code. shall be capable of powering the required load for a dura- tion of not less than 90 minutes. 1203.1.5 Load duration. Emergency power systems and standby power systems shall be designed to provide the 1203.2.7 Gas detection systems. Emergency power shall required power for a minimum duration of 2 hours with- be provided for gas detection systems where required by out being refueled or recharged, unless specified Sections 1203.2.10 and 1203.2.17. Standby power shall otherwise in this code. be provided for gas detection systems where required by Sections 916.5 and 1207.6.1.2.4. 1203.1.6 Uninterruptable power source. An uninter- rupted source of power shall be provided for equipment 1203.2.8 Group I-2 occupancies. Essential electrical where required by the manufacturer’s instructions, the systems for Group I-2 occupancies shall be in accordance listing, this code or applicable referenced standards. with Section 407.11 of the International Building Code. 1203.1.7 Interchangeability. Emergency power systems 1203.2.9 Group I-3 occupancies. Power-operated sliding shall be an acceptable alternative for installations that doors or power-operated locks for swinging doors in require standby power systems. Group I-3 occupancies shall be operable by a manual release mechanism at the door. Emergency power shall be 1203.1.8 Group I-2 occupancies. In Group I-2 occupan- provided for the doors and locks. cies located in flood hazard areas established in Section 1612.3 of the International Building Code where new Exceptions: essential electrical systems are installed, and where new essential electrical system generators are installed, the 1. Emergency power is not required in facilities systems and generators shall be located and installed in where provisions for remote locking and accordance with ASCE 24. Where connections for hook unlocking of occupied rooms in Occupancy up of temporary generators are provided, the connections Condition 4 are not required as set forth in the shall be located at or above the elevation required in International Building Code. ASCE 24. 2. Emergency power is not required where remote 1203.1.9 Maintenance. Existing installations shall be mechanical operating releases are provided. maintained in accordance with the original approval and Section 1203.4. 1203.2.10 Hazardous materials. Emergency and standby power shall be provided in occupancies with 1203.2 Where required. Emergency and standby power hazardous materials as required in the following sections: systems shall be provided where required by Sections 1203.2.1 through 1203.2.19. 1. Sections 5004.7 and 5005.1.5 for hazardous materials. 1203.2.1 Ambulatory care facilities. Essential electrical systems for ambulatory care facilities shall be in accor- 2. Sections 6004.2.2.8 and 6004.3.4.2 for highly dance with Section 422.6 of the International Building toxic and toxic gases. Code. 3. Section 6204.1.11 for organic peroxides. 1203.2.2 Elevators and platform lifts. Standby power shall be provided for elevators and platform lifts as 1203.2.11 High-rise buildings. Standby power and emer- required in Sections 604.3, 1009.4.1 and 1009.5. gency power shall be provided for high-rise buildings as required in Section 403 of the International Building 1203.2.3 Emergency responder communication cover- Code, and shall be in accordance with Section 1203. age systems. Standby power shall be provided for in- building, two-way emergency responder communication 1203.2.12 Special purpose horizontal sliding doors. coverage systems as required in Section 510.4.2.3. The Standby power shall be provided for horizontal sliding standby power supply shall be capable of operating the doors as required in Section 1010.3.3. The standby power in-building, two-way emergency responder communica- supply shall have a capacity to operate not fewer than 50 tion coverage system at 100-percent system operation closing cycles of the door. capacity for a duration of not less than 12 hours. 1203.2.13 Hydrogen fuel gas rooms. Standby power 1203.2.4 Emergency voice/alarm communication shall be provided for hydrogen fuel gas rooms as required systems. Standby power shall be provided for emergency by Section 5808.7. voice/alarm communication systems in accordance with NFPA 72. 1203.2.14 Laboratory suites. Standby or emergency power shall be provided in accordance with Section 5004.7 where laboratory suites are located above the 12-2 2021 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE® EDUFIRE.IR Telegram: EDUFIRE.IR

ENERGY SYSTEMS sixth story above grade plane or located in a story below 1203.4.4 Switch maintenance. Emergency and standby grade plane. power system transfer switches shall be included in the inspection, testing and maintenance schedule required by 1203.2.15 Means of egress illumination. Emergency Section 1203.4.2. Transfer switches shall be maintained power shall be provided for means of egress illumination free from accumulated dust and dirt. Inspection shall in accordance with Sections 1008.3 and 1104.5.1. include examination of the transfer switch contacts for evidence of deterioration. When evidence of contact dete- 1203.2.16 Membrane structures. Standby power shall rioration is detected, the contacts shall be replaced in be provided for auxiliary inflation systems in permanent accordance with the transfer switch manufacturer’s membrane structures in accordance with Section 2702 of instructions. the International Building Code. Auxiliary inflation systems shall be provided in temporary air-supported and 1203.5 Operational inspection and testing. Emergency air-inflated membrane structures in accordance with power systems, including all appurtenant components, shall Section 3103.10.4. be inspected and tested under load in accordance with NFPA 110 and NFPA 111. 1203.2.17 Semiconductor fabrication facilities. Emer- gency power shall be provided for semiconductor Exception: Where the emergency power system is used fabrication facilities as required in Section 2703.15. for standby power or peak load shaving, such use shall be recorded and shall be allowed to be substituted for sched- 1203.2.18 Smoke control systems. Standby power shall uled testing of the generator set, provided that appropriate be provided for smoke control systems as required in records are maintained. Section 909.11. 1203.5.1 Group I-2 and ambulatory care facilities. In 1203.2.19 Underground buildings. Emergency and Group I-2 occupancies and ambulatory care facilities, standby power shall be provided in underground build- emergency and standby power systems shall be inspected ings as required in Section 405 of the International and tested under load in accordance with NFPA 99. Building Code and shall be in accordance with Section 1203. 1203.5.2 Transfer switch test. The test of the transfer switch shall consist of electrically operating the transfer 1203.3 Critical circuits. Required critical circuits shall be switch from the normal position to the alternate position protected using one of the following methods: and then return to the normal position. 1. Cables used for survivability of required critical 1203.6 Supervision of maintenance and testing. Routine circuits shall be listed in accordance with UL 2196 maintenance, inspection and operational testing shall be and shall have a fire-resistance rating of not less than overseen by a properly instructed individual. 1 hour. SECTION 1204 2. Electrical circuit protective systems shall have a fire- PORTABLE GENERATORS resistance rating of not less than 1 hour. Electrical circuit protective systems shall be installed in accor- 1204.1 Portable generators. The use, operation and mainte- dance with their listing requirements. nance of portable generators shall comply with this section. 3. Construction having a fire-resistance rating of not 1204.2 Listing. Portable generators manufactured after less than 1 hour. January 1, 2021, shall be listed and labeled in accordance with UL 2201. 1203.4 Maintenance. Emergency and standby power systems shall be maintained in accordance with NFPA 110 1204.3 Operation and maintenance. Portable generators and NFPA 111 such that the system is capable of supplying shall be operated and maintained in accordance with the service within the time specified for the type and duration manufacturer’s instructions. required. 1204.4 Grounding. Portable generators shall be grounded in 1203.4.1 Group I-2 and ambulatory care facilities. In accordance with NFPA 70. Group I-2 occupancies and ambulatory care facilities, emergency and standby power systems shall be main- 1204.5 Operating locations. Portable generators shall be tained in accordance with NFPA 99. operated only outdoors a minimum of 5 feet (1524 mm) from any building openings such as windows and doors or air 1203.4.2 Schedule. Inspection, testing and maintenance intakes. Portable generators shall not be operated within of emergency and standby power systems shall be in buildings or enclosed areas. Additional separation shall be accordance with an approved schedule established upon provided for tents, membrane structures and outdoor assem- completion and approval of the system installation. bly events as specified in Chapter 31. 1203.4.3 Records. Records of the inspection, testing and 1204.6 Cords and wiring. Extension cords and temporary maintenance of emergency and standby power systems wiring used to connect portable generators shall be in accor- shall include the date of service, name of the servicing dance with Section 604 and shall be provided with GFCI technician, a summary of conditions noted and a detailed protection. description of any conditions requiring correction and what corrective action was taken. Such records shall be maintained. 2021 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE® 12-3 EDUFIRE.IR Telegram: EDUFIRE.IR

ENERGY SYSTEMS not expose a fire fighter to electrical shock hazards. 1204.7 Connections to premise wiring. Connections to a premise wiring system shall comply with all of the 1205.2.1 Solar photovoltaic (PV) systems for Group R- following: 3 buildings. Solar photovoltaic (PV) systems for Group R-3 buildings shall comply with Sections 1205.2.1.1 1. Power shall not be provided in a manner that “back- through 1205.2.3. feeds” receptacles or the premise wiring system. Exceptions: 2. Connection to a premise served by commercial power shall be made through a listed transfer switch 1. These requirements shall not apply to struc- installed, used and maintained in accordance with tures designed and constructed in accordance NFPA 70. with the International Residential Code. 3. Connection to buildings not served by commercial 2. These requirements shall not apply to roofs power shall comply with NFPA 70. with slopes of 2 units vertical in 12 units hori- zontal (16.7-percent slope) or less. 1204.8 Refueling. Portable generators shall not be refueled while operating. 1205.2.1.1 Pathways to ridge. Not fewer than two 36- inch-wide (914 mm) pathways on separate roof planes, 1204.9 Storage and repair. Storage and repair of fuel-fired from lowest roof edge to ridge, shall be provided on all portable generators shall comply with Section 313. buildings. Not fewer than one pathway shall be provided on the street or driveway side of the roof. For 1204.10 Fire extinguisher. A listed portable fire extin- each roof plane with a photovoltaic array, not fewer guisher complying with Section 906 with a minimum rating than one 36-inch-wide (914 mm) pathway from lowest of 2-A:20-B:C shall be provided not more than 50 feet roof edge to ridge shall be provided on the same roof (15 240 mm) from the portable generator. plane as the photovoltaic array, on an adjacent roof plane or straddling the same and adjacent roof planes. SECTION 1205 SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER SYSTEMS 1205.2.1.2 Setbacks at ridge. For photovoltaic arrays occupying 33 percent or less of the plan view total roof 1205.1 General. Solar photovoltaic (PV) systems shall be area, a setback of not less than 18 inches (457 mm) installed in accordance with the International Building Code wide is required on both sides of a horizontal ridge. or International Residential Code. The electrical portion of For photovoltaic arrays occupying more than 33 solar PV systems shall be installed in accordance with NFPA percent of the plan view total roof area, a setback of 70. Rooftop-mounted solar photovoltaic systems shall be not less than 36 inches (457 mm) wide is required on installed in accordance with Sections 1205.2 through both sides of a horizontal ridge. 1205.4.3. Ground-mounted solar photovoltaic systems shall comply with Section 1205.5. 1205.2.1.3 Alternative setbacks at ridge. Where an automatic sprinkler system is installed within the 1205.2 Access and pathways. Roof access, pathways and dwelling in accordance with Section 903.3.1.3, spacing requirements shall be provided in accordance with setbacks at the ridge shall conform to one of the Sections 1205.2.1 through 1205.3.3. Pathways shall be over following: areas capable of supporting fire fighters accessing the roof. Pathways shall be located in areas with minimal obstruc- 1. For photovoltaic arrays occupying 66 percent tions, such as vent pipes, conduit or mechanical equipment. or less of the plan view total roof area, a setback of not less than 18 inches (457 mm) Exceptions: wide is required on both sides of a horizontal ridge. 1. Detached, nonhabitable Group U structures including, but not limited to, detached garages 2. For photovoltaic arrays occupying more than serving Group R-3 buildings, parking shade struc- 66 percent of the plan view total roof area, a tures, carports, solar trellises and similar setback of not less than 36 inches (914 mm) structures. wide is required on both sides of a horizontal ridge. 2. Roof access, pathways and spacing requirements need not be provided where the fire code official 1205.2.2 Emergency escape and rescue openings. has determined that rooftop operations will not be Panels and modules installed on Group R-3 buildings employed. shall not be placed on the portion of a roof that is below an emergency escape and rescue opening. A pathway of 3. Building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) systems not less than 36 inches (914 mm) wide shall be provided where the BIPV systems are approved, integrated to the emergency escape and rescue opening. into the finished roof surface and are listed in accordance with a national test standard devel- 1205.2.3 Building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) oped to address Section 690.12(B)(2) of NFPA systems. Where building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) 70. The removal or cutting away of portions of the systems are installed in a manner that creates areas with BIPV system during fire-fighting operations shall 12-4 2021 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE® EDUFIRE.IR Telegram: EDUFIRE.IR

ENERGY SYSTEMS electrical hazards to be hidden from view, markings shall nent labels in accordance with Sections 1205.4.1 through be provided to identify the hazardous areas to avoid. The 1205.4.3. markings shall be reflective and be visible from grade. 1205.4.1 Rapid shutdown type. The type of solar photo- Exception: BIPV systems listed in accordance with voltaic system rapid shutdown shall be labeled with one Section 690.12(B)(2) of NFPA 70, where the removal of the following: or cutting away of portions of the BIPV system during fire-fighting operations have been determined to not 1. For solar photovoltaic systems that shut down the expose a fire fighter to electrical shock hazards. array and the conductors leaving the array, a label shall be provided. The first two lines of the label 1205.3 Other than Group R-3 buildings. Access to shall be uppercase characters with a minimum systems for buildings, other than those containing Group R-3 height of 3/8 inch (10 mm) in black on a yellow occupancies, shall be provided in accordance with Sections background. The remaining characters shall be 1205.3.1 through 1205.3.3. uppercase with a minimum height of 3/16 inch (5 mm) in black on a white background. The label Exception: Where it is determined by the fire code offi- shall be in accordance with Figure 1205.4.1(1) cial that the roof configuration is similar to that of a and state the following: Group R-3 occupancy, the residential access and ventila- SOLAR PV SYSTEM EQUIPPED WITH tion requirements in Sections 1205.2.1.1 through RAPID SHUTDOWN. TURN RAPID 1205.2.1.3 are a suitable alternative. SHUTDOWN SWITCH TO THE “OFF” POSITION TO SHUT DOWN PV SYSTEM 1205.3.1 Perimeter pathways. There shall be a mini- AND REDUCE SHOCK HAZARD IN ARRAY. mum 6-foot-wide (1829 mm) clear perimeter around the edges of the roof. FIGURE 1205.4.1(1) LABEL FOR SOLAR PV SYSTEMS THAT REDUCE Exception: Where either axis of the building is 250 feet (76 200 mm) or less, the clear perimeter around SHOCK HAZARD WITHIN ARRAY AND SHUT the edges of the roof shall be permitted to be reduced DOWN CONDUCTORS LEAVING ARRAY to a minimum width of 4 feet (1219 mm). 2. For photovoltaic systems that only shut down 1205.3.2 Interior pathways. Interior pathways shall be conductors leaving the array, a label shall be provided between array sections to meet the following provided. The first two lines of the label shall be requirements: uppercase characters with a minimum height of 3/8 inch (10 mm) in white on a red background and 1. Pathways shall be provided at intervals not greater the remaining characters shall be capitalized with than 150 feet (45 720 mm) throughout the length a minimum height of 3/16 inch (5 mm) in black on and width of the roof. a white background. The label shall be in accor- dance with Figure 1205.4.1(2) and state the 2. A pathway not less than 4 feet (1219 mm) wide in following: a straight line to roof standpipes or ventilation THIS SOLAR PV SYSTEM EQUIPPED hatches. WITH RAPID SHUTDOWN. TURN RAPID SHUTDOWN SWITCH TO THE “OFF” 3. A pathway not less than 4 feet (1219 mm) wide POSITION TO SHUT DOWN CONDUCTORS around roof access hatches, with not fewer than OUTSIDE THE ARRAY. CONDUCTORS one such pathway to a parapet or roof edge. WITHIN ARRAY REMAIN ENERGIZED IN SUNLIGHT. 1205.3.3 Smoke ventilation. The solar installation shall be designed to meet the following requirements: 1. Where nongravity-operated smoke and heat vents occur, a pathway not less than 4 feet (1219 mm) wide shall be provided bordering all sides. 2. Where gravity-operated dropout smoke and heat vents occur, a pathway not less than 4 feet (1219 mm) wide on not fewer than one side. 3. Smoke ventilation options between array sections shall be one of the following: 3.1. A pathway not less than 8 feet (2438 mm) wide. 3.2. A pathway not less than 4 feet (1219 mm) wide bordering 4-foot by 8-foot (1219 mm by 2438 mm) venting cutouts every 20 feet (6096 mm) on alternating sides of the pathway. 1205.4 Buildings with rapid shutdown. Buildings with rapid shutdown solar photovoltaic systems shall have perma- 2021 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE® 12-5 EDUFIRE.IR Telegram: EDUFIRE.IR

ENERGY SYSTEMS FIGURE 1205.4.1(2) SECTION 1206 STATIONARY FUEL CELL POWER SYSTEMS LABEL FOR SOLAR PV SYSTEMS THAT ONLY SHUT DOWN 1206.1 General. Stationary fuel cell power systems in new CONDUCTORS LEAVING THE ARRAY and existing occupancies shall comply with this section. 1205.4.1.1 Diagram. The labels in Section 1205.4.1 Exception: The temporary use of a fuel cell-powered shall include a simple diagram of a building with a electric vehicle to power a Group R-3 or R-4 building roof. Diagram sections in red signify sections of the while parked shall comply with Section 1206.14. solar photovoltaic system that are not shut down when the rapid shutdown switch is turned off. 1206.2 Permits. Permits shall be obtained for stationary fuel cell power systems as set forth in Section 105.6.9. 1205.4.1.2 Location. The rapid shutdown label in Section 1205.4.1 shall be located not greater than 3 1206.3 Equipment. Stationary fuel cell power systems shall feet (914 mm) from the service disconnecting means to comply with the following: which the photovoltaic systems are connected, and shall indicate the location of all identified rapid shut- 1. Prepackaged fuel cell power systems shall be listed down switches if not at the same location. and labeled in accordance with CSA FC 1. 1205.4.2 Buildings with more than one rapid shut- 2. The modules and components in a preengineered fuel down type. Solar photovoltaic systems that contain rapid cell power system shall be listed and labeled in accor- shutdown in accordance with both Items 1 and 2 of dance with CSA FC 1 and interconnected to Section 1205.4.1 or solar photovoltaic systems where complete the assembly of the system at the job site in only portions of the systems on the building contain rapid accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions and shutdown, shall provide a detailed plan view diagram of the module and component listings. the roof showing each different photovoltaic system and a dotted line around areas that remain energized after the 3. Field-fabricated fuel cell power systems shall be rapid shutdown switch is operated. approved based on a review of the technical report provided in accordance with Section 104.8.2. The 1205.4.3 Rapid shutdown switch. A rapid shutdown report shall be prepared by and bear the stamp of a switch shall have a label located not greater than 3 feet registered design professional and shall include: (914 mm) from the switch that states the following: 3.1. A fire risk evaluation. RAPID SHUTDOWN SWITCH FOR SOLAR PV SYSTEM 3.2. An evaluation demonstrating that modules and components in the fuel cell power 1205.5 Ground-mounted photovoltaic panel systems. system comply with applicable require- Ground-mounted photovoltaic panel systems shall be ments in CSA FC 1. installed in accordance with this section. Setback require- ments shall not apply to ground-mounted, free-standing 3.3. Documentation of the fuel cell power photovoltaic arrays. system’s compliance with applicable NFPA 2 and NFPA 853 construction 1205.5.1 Vegetation control. A clear, brush-free area of requirements. 10 feet (3048 mm) shall be required around the perimeter of the ground-mounted photovoltaic arrays. A noncom- 1206.4 Installation. Stationary fuel cell power systems shall bustible base of gravel or a maintained vegetative surface be installed and maintained in accordance with NFPA 70 and or a noncombustible base, approved by the fire code offi- NFPA 853, the manufacturer’s installation instructions, and cial, shall be installed and maintained under the the listing. Stationary fuel cell power systems fueled by photovoltaic arrays and associated electrical equipment hydrogen shall be installed and maintained in accordance installations. with NFPA 2 and NFPA 70, the manufacturer’s installation instructions and the listing. 1206.5 Residential use. Stationary fuel cell power systems shall not be installed in Group R-3 and R-4 buildings, or dwelling units associated with Group R-2 buildings unless they are specifically listed for residential use. Exception: The temporary use of a fuel cell-powered electric vehicle to power a Group R-3 or R-4 building while parked shall comply with Section 1206.14. 1206.6 Indoor installations. Stationary fuel cell power systems installed in indoor locations shall comply with Sections 1206.6 through 1206.6.2. For purposes of this section, an indoor location includes a roof and 50 percent or greater enclosing walls. 1206.6.1 Listed. Stationary fuel cell power systems installed indoors shall be specifically listed and labeled for indoor use. 12-6 2021 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE® EDUFIRE.IR Telegram: EDUFIRE.IR

ENERGY SYSTEMS 1206.6.2 Separation. Rooms containing stationary fuel designed to activate at a flammable gas concentration of not cell power systems shall be separated from the following more than 25 percent of the lower flammable limit (LFL). occupancies by fire barriers or horizontal assemblies, or both, constructed in accordance with the International 1206.13.1 System activation. The activation of the gas Building Code. detection system shall automatically: 1. Group B, F, M, S and U occupancies by 1-hour 1. Close valves between the gas supply and the fuel fire-resistance-rated construction. cell power system. 2. Group A, E, I and R occupancies by 2-hour fire- 2. Shut down the fuel cell power system. resistance-rated construction. 3. Initiate local audible and visible alarms in Exception: Stationary fuel cell power systems with an approved locations. aggregate rating less than 50 kW shall not be required to be separated from other occupancies provided that 1206.14 Group R-3 and R-4 fuel cell vehicle energy stor- the systems comply with Section 9.3 of NFPA 853. age system use. The temporary use of the dwelling unit owner or occupant’s fuel cell-powered electric vehicle to 1206.7 Vehicle impact protection. Where stationary fuel power a Group R-3 or R-4 dwelling while parked in an cell power systems are subject to impact by a motor vehicle, attached or detached garage or outside shall comply with the vehicle impact protection shall be provided in accordance vehicle manufacturer’s instructions and NFPA 70. with Section 312. SECTION 1207 ¬ 1206.8 Outdoor installation. Stationary fuel cell power ELECTRICAL ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEMS (ESS) systems located outdoors shall be separated by not less than 5 feet (1524 mm) from the following: 1207.1 General. The provisions in this section are applica- ble to stationary and mobile electrical energy storage 1. Lot lines. systems (ESS). 2. Public ways. Exception: ESS in Group R-3 and R-4 occupancies shall comply with Section 1207.11. 3. Buildings. 1207.1.1 Scope. ESS having capacities exceeding the 4. Stored combustible materials. values shown in Table 1207.1.1 shall comply with this section. 5. Hazardous materials. TABLE 1207.1.1 6. High-piled stock. ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEM (ESS) THRESHOLD QUANTITIES 7. Any portion of a designated means of egress system. TECHNOLOGY ENERGY CAPACITYa 8. Other exposure hazards. Capacitor ESS 3 kWh 1206.9 Fuel supply. The design, location and installation of Flow batteriesb 20 kWh the fuel supply for stationary fuel cell power systems shall Lead-acid batteries, all types 70 kWhc comply with Chapter 53, Chapter 58 and the International Fuel Gas Code, based on the particular fuel being supplied Lithium-ion batteries 20 kWh to the system. Nickel metal hydride (Ni-MH) 70 kWh 1206.10 Manual shutoff. Access to a manual shutoff valve shall be provided for the fuel piping within 6 feet (1829 mm) Nickel-cadmium batteries (Ni-Cd) 70 kWh of any fuel storage tank serving the fuel cell and within 6 feet (1829 mm) of the power system. If the fuel tank and the Other battery technologies 10 kWh stationary fuel cell power system are less than 12 feet (3658 mm) apart, a single shutoff valve shall be permitted. If the Other electrochemical ESS 3 kWh stationary fuel cell power system is located indoors, the shut- technologies off valve shall be located outside of the room in which the system is installed, unless otherwise approved by the fire For SI: 1 kilowatt hour = 3.6 megajoules. code official. a. Energy capacity is the total energy capable of being stored (nameplate 1206.11 Ventilation and exhaust. Ventilation and exhaust rating), not the usable energy rating. For units rated in amp-hours, kWh for stationary fuel cell power systems shall be provided in shall equal rated voltage times amp-hour rating divided by 1,000. accordance with NFPA 853. b. Shall include vanadium, zinc-bromine, polysulfide-bromide and other 1206.12 Fire protection. Fire protection systems for station- flowing electrolyte-type technologies. ary fuel cell power system installations shall be provided in accordance with NFPA 853. c. Fifty gallons of lead-acid battery electrolyte shall be considered equiva- lent to 70 kWh. 1206.13 Gas detection systems. Stationary fuel cell power systems shall be provided with a gas detection system. 1207.1.2 Permits. Permits shall be obtained for ESS as Detection shall be provided in approved locations in the fuel follows: cell power system enclosure, the exhaust system or the room that encloses the fuel cell power system. The system shall be 1. Construction permits shall be obtained for station- ary ESS installations and for mobile ESS charging and storage installations covered by Section 1207.10.1. Permits shall be obtained in accor- dance with Section 105.6.5. 2021 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE® 12-7 EDUFIRE.IR Telegram: EDUFIRE.IR

ENERGY SYSTEMS 4. Voltage surges on the primary electric supply. 2. Operational permits shall be obtained for station- 5. Short circuits on the load side of the ESS. ary ESS installations and for mobile ESS deployment operations covered by Section 6. Failure of the smoke detection, fire detection, 1207.10.3. Permits shall be obtained in accor- fire suppression or gas detection system. dance with Section 105.5.14. 7. Required spill neutralization not being 1207.1.2.1 Communication utilities. Operational provided or failure of a required secondary permits shall not be required for lead-acid and nickel- containment system. cadmium battery systems at facilities under the exclu- sive control of communications utilities that comply 1207.1.4.2 Analysis approval. The fire code official is with NFPA 76 and operate at less than 50 voltage authorized to approve the hazardous mitigation analy- alternating current (VAC) and 60 voltage direct sis provided that the consequences of the hazard current (VDC). mitigation analysis demonstrate: 1207.1.3 Construction documents. The following infor- 1. Fires will be contained within unoccupied ESS mation shall be provided with the permit application: rooms or areas for the minimum duration of the fire-resistance-rated separations identified in 1. Location and layout diagram of the room or area Section 1207.7.4. in which the ESS is to be installed. 2. Fires in occupied work centers will be detected 2. Details on the hourly fire-resistance ratings of in time to allow occupants within the room or assemblies enclosing the ESS. area to safely evacuate. 3. The quantities and types of ESS to be installed. 3. Toxic and highly toxic gases released during 4. Manufacturer’s specifications, ratings and listings fires will not reach concentrations in excess of the IDLH level in the building or adjacent of each ESS. means of egress routes during the time deemed 5. Description of energy (battery) management necessary to evacuate occupants from any affected area. systems and their operation. 6. Location and content of required signage. 4. Flammable gases released from ESS during 7. Details on fire suppression, smoke or fire detec- charging, discharging and normal operation will not exceed 25 percent of their lower flam- tion, thermal management, ventilation, exhaust mability limit (LFL). and deflagration venting systems, if provided. 8. Support arrangement associated with the installa- 5. Flammable gases released from ESS during tion, including any required seismic restraint. fire, overcharging and other abnormal condi- 9. A commissioning plan complying with Section tions will be controlled through the use of 1207.2.1. ventilation of the gases, preventing accumula- 10. A decommissioning plan complying with Section tion, or by deflagration venting. 1207.2.3. 1207.1.4.3 Additional protection measures. 1207.1.4 Hazard mitigation analysis. A failure modes Construction, equipment and systems that are required and effects analysis (FMEA) or other approved hazard for the ESS to comply with the hazardous mitigation mitigation analysis shall be provided in accordance with analysis, including but not limited to those specifically Section 104.8.2 under any of the following conditions: described in Section 1207, shall be installed, main- tained and tested in accordance with nationally 1. Where ESS technologies not specifically identi- recognized standards and specified design parameters. fied in Table 1207.1 are provided. 1207.1.5 Large-scale fire test. Where required elsewhere 2. More than one ESS technology is provided in a in Section 1206, large-scale fire testing shall be room or enclosed area where there is a potential conducted on a representative ESS in accordance with UL for adverse interaction between technologies. 9540A. The testing shall be conducted or witnessed and reported by an approved testing laboratory and show that 3. Where allowed as a basis for increasing maximum a fire involving one ESS will not propagate to an adjacent allowable quantities. See Section 1207.5.2. ESS, and where installed within buildings, enclosed areas and walk-in units will be contained within the room, 1207.1.4.1 Fault condition. The hazard mitigation enclosed area or walk-in unit for a duration equal to the analysis shall evaluate the consequences of the follow- fire-resistance rating of the room separation specified in ing failure modes. Only single failure modes shall be Section 1207.7.4. The test report shall be provided to the considered. fire code official for review and approval in accordance with Section 104.8.2. 1. A thermal runaway condition in a single ESS rack, module or unit. 1207.1.6 Fire remediation. Where a fire or other event has damaged the ESS and ignition or re-ignition of the 2. Failure of any battery (energy) management ESS is possible, the system owner, agent or lessee shall system. 2021 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE® 3. Failure of any required ventilation or exhaust system. Telegram: EDUFIRE.IR 12-8 EDUFIRE.IR

take the following actions, at their expense, to mitigate ENERGY SYSTEMS the hazard or remove damaged equipment from the prem- ises to a safe location. understand the installation and operation of the ESS. 1207.1.6.1 Fire mitigation personnel. Where, in the opinion of the fire code official, it is essential for 5. Verification that required equipment and systems public safety that trained personnel be on-site to are installed in accordance with the approved respond to possible ignition or re-ignition of a plans and specifications. damaged ESS, the system owner, agent or lessee shall immediately dispatch one or more fire mitigation 6. Integrated testing for all fire and safety systems. personnel to the premise, as required and approved, at their expense. These personnel shall remain on duty 7. Testing for any required thermal management, continuously after the fire department leaves the prem- ventilation or exhaust systems associated with the ise until the damaged energy storage equipment is ESS installation. removed from the premises, or earlier if the fire code official indicates the public safety hazard has been 8. Preparation and delivery of operation and mainte- abated. nance documentation. 1207.1.6.2 Duties. On-duty fire mitigation personnel 9. Training of facility operating and maintenance shall have the following responsibilities: staff. 1. Keep a diligent watch for fires, obstructions to 10. Identification and documentation of the require- means of egress and other hazards. ments for maintaining system performance to meet the original design intent during the opera- 2. Immediately contact the fire department if their tion phase. assistance is needed to mitigate any hazards or extinguish fires. 11. Identification and documentation of personnel who are qualified to service, maintain and decom- 3. Take prompt measures for remediation of mission the ESS, and respond to incidents hazards in accordance with the decommission- involving the ESS, including documentation that ing plan per Section 1207.2.3. such service has been contracted for. 4. Take prompt measures to assist in the evacua- 12. A decommissioning plan for removing the ESS tion of the public from the structures. from service, and from the facility in which it is located. The plan shall include details on provid- 1207.2 Commissioning, decommissioning, operation and ing a safe, orderly shutdown of energy storage and maintenance. Commissioning, decommissioning, operation safety systems with notification to the code offi- and maintenance shall be conducted in accordance with this cials prior to the actual decommissioning of the section. system. The decommissioning plan shall include contingencies for removing an intact operational 1207.2.1 Commissioning. Commissioning of newly ESS from service, and for removing an ESS from installed ESS and existing ESS that have been retrofitted, service that has been damaged by a fire or other replaced or previously decommissioned and are returning event. to service shall be conducted prior to the ESS being placed in service in accordance with a commissioning Exception: Commissioning shall not be required for plan that has been approved prior to initiating commis- lead-acid and nickel-cadmium battery systems at facil- sioning. The commissioning plan shall include the ities under the exclusive control of communications following: utilities that comply with NFPA 76 and operate at less than 50 VAC and 60 VDC. A decommissioning plan 1. A narrative description of the activities that will shall be provided and maintained where required by be accomplished during each phase of commis- the fire code official. sioning, including the personnel intended to accomplish each of the activities. 1207.2.1.1 Initial acceptance testing. During the commissioning process an ESS shall be evaluated for 2. A listing of the specific ESS and associated proper operation in accordance with the manufac- components, controls and safety-related devices to turer’s instructions and the commissioning plan prior be tested, a description of the tests to be to final approval. performed and the functions to be tested. 1207.2.1.2 Commissioning report. A report describ- 3. Conditions under which all testing will be ing the results of the system commissioning, including performed, which are representative of the condi- the results of the initial acceptance testing required in tions during normal operation of the system. Section 1207.2.1.1, shall be provided to the fire code official prior to final inspection and approval and 4. Documentation of the owner’s project require- maintained at an approved on-site location. ments and the basis of design necessary to 1207.2.2 Operation and maintenance. An operation and maintenance manual shall be provided to both the ESS owner or their authorized agent and the ESS operator 2021 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE® 12-9 EDUFIRE.IR Telegram: EDUFIRE.IR

ENERGY SYSTEMS 1207.3.2 Equipment listing. Chargers, inverters and energy storage management systems shall be covered as before the ESS is put into operation and shall include the part of the UL 9540 listing or shall be listed separately. following: 1207.3.3 Utility interactive systems. Inverters shall be 1. Manufacturer’s operation manuals and mainte- listed and labeled in accordance with UL 1741. Only nance manuals for the entire ESS, or for each inverters listed and labeled for utility interactive system component of the system requiring maintenance, use and identified as interactive shall be allowed to oper- that clearly identify the required routine mainte- ate in parallel with the electric utility power system to nance actions. supply power to common loads. 2. Name, address and phone number of a service 1207.3.4 Energy storage management system. Where agency that has been contracted to service the ESS required by the ESS listing, an approved energy storage and its associated safety systems. management system that monitors and balances cell volt- ages, currents and temperatures within the manufacturer’s 3. Maintenance and calibration information, includ- specifications shall be provided. The system shall discon- ing wiring diagrams, control drawings, nect electrical connections to the ESS or otherwise place schematics, system programming instructions and it in a safe condition if potentially hazardous temperatures control sequence descriptions, for all energy stor- or other conditions such as short circuits, over voltage or age control systems. under voltage are detected. 4. Desired or field-determined control set points that 1207.3.5 Enclosures. Enclosures of ESS shall be of are permanently recorded on control drawings at noncombustible construction. control devices or, for digital control systems, in system programming instructions. 1207.3.6 Repairs. Repairs of ESS shall only be done by qualified personnel. Repairs with other than identical 5. A schedule for inspecting and recalibrating all parts shall be considered retrofitting and comply with ESS controls. Section 1207.3.7. Repairs shall be documented in the service records log. 6. A service record log form that lists the schedule for all required servicing and maintenance actions 1207.3.7 Retrofits. Retrofitting of an existing ESS shall and space for logging such actions that are comply with the following: completed over time and retained on-site. 1. A construction permit shall be obtained in accor- The ESS shall be operated and maintained in accor- dance with Section 105.6.5. dance with the manual and a copy of the manual shall be retained at an approved on-site location. 2. New batteries, battery modules, capacitors and similar ESS components shall be listed. 1207.2.2.1 Ongoing inspection and testing. Systems that monitor and protect the ESS installation shall be 3. Battery management and other monitoring inspected and tested in accordance with the manufac- systems shall be connected and installed in accor- turer’s instructions and the operation and maintenance dance with the manufacturer’s instructions. manual. Inspection and testing records shall be main- tained in the operation and maintenance manual. 4. The overall installation shall continue to comply with UL 9540 listing requirements, where 1207.2.3 Decommissioning. The code official shall be applicable. notified prior to the decommissioning of an ESS. Decom- missioning shall be performed in accordance with the 5. Systems that have been retrofitted shall be decommissioning plan that includes the following: commissioned in accordance with Section 1207.2.1. 1. A narrative description of the activities to be accomplished for removing the ESS from service, 6. Retrofits shall be documented in the service and from the facility in which it is located. records log. 2. A listing of any contingencies for removing an 1207.3.7.1 Retrofitting lead acid and nickel intact operational ESS from service, and for cadmium. Section 1207.3.7 shall not apply to retrofit- removing an ESS from service that has been ting of lead-acid and nickel-cadmium batteries with damaged by a fire or other event. other lead-acid and nickel-cadmium batteries at facili- ties under the exclusive control of communications 1207.3 Equipment. ESS equipment shall be in accordance utilities that comply with NFPA 76 and operate at less with Sections 1207.3.1 through 1207.3.9. than 50 VAC and 60 VDC. 1207.3.1 Energy storage system listings. ESS shall be 1207.3.8 Replacements. Replacements of ESS shall be listed in accordance with UL 9540. considered new ESS installations and shall comply with the provisions of Section 1207 as applicable to new ESS. Exception: Lead-acid and nickel-cadmium battery The ESS being replaced shall be decommissioned in systems installed in facilities under the exclusive accordance with Section 1207.2.3. control of communications utilities, and operating at less than 50 VAC and 60 VDC in accordance with NFPA 76, are not required to be listed. 12-10 2021 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE® EDUFIRE.IR Telegram: EDUFIRE.IR

ENERGY SYSTEMS 1207.3.9 Reused and repurposed equipment. Equip- NFPA 70 shall be permitted. The signage shall include ment and materials shall only be reused or reinstalled as the following or equivalent: permitted in Section 104.8.1. Storage batteries previously used in other applications, such as electric vehicle propul- 1. “ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEM,” “BATTERY sion, shall not be reused in applications regulated by STORAGE SYSTEM,” “CAPACITOR ENERGY Chapter 12 unless approved by the fire code official and STORAGE SYSTEM” or the equivalent. unless the equipment is refurbished by a battery refur- bishing company approved in accordance with UL 1974. 2. The identification of the electrochemical ESS technology present. 1207.4 General installations requirements. Stationary and mobile ESS shall comply with the requirements of Sections 3. “ENERGIZED ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS.” 1207.4.1 through 1207.4.12. 4. Where water-reactive electrochemical ESS are 1207.4.1 Electrical disconnects. Where the ESS discon- present, the signage shall include “APPLY NO necting means is not within sight of the main electrical WATER.” service disconnecting means, placards or directories shall be installed at the location of the main electrical service 5. Current contact information, including phone disconnecting means indicating the location of stationary number, for personnel authorized to service the storage battery system disconnecting means in accor- equipment and for fire mitigation personnel dance with NFPA 70. required by Section 1207.1.6.1. Exception: Electrical disconnects for lead-acid and Exception: Existing electrochemical ESS shall be nickel-cadmium battery systems at facilities under the permitted to include the signage required at the time exclusive control of communications utilities and they were installed. operating at less than 50 VAC and 60 VDC shall be permitted to have electrical disconnects signage in 1207.4.9 Security of installations. Rooms, areas and accordance with NFPA 76. walk-in units in which electrochemical ESS are located shall be secured against unauthorized entry and safe- 1207.4.2 Working clearances. Access and working guarded in an approved manner. Security barriers, fences, space shall be provided and maintained about all electri- landscaping and other enclosures shall not inhibit the cal equipment to permit ready and safe operation and required air flow to or exhaust from the electrochemical maintenance of such equipment in accordance with ESS and its components. NFPA 70 and the manufacturer’s instructions. 1207.4.10 Occupied work centers. Electrochemical ESS 1207.4.3 Fire-resistance-rated separations. Rooms and located in rooms or areas occupied by personnel not other indoor areas containing ESS shall be separated from directly involved with maintenance, service and testing of other areas of the building in accordance with Section the systems shall comply with the following: 1207.7.4. ESS shall be permitted to be in the same room with the equipment they support. 1. Electrochemical ESS located in occupied work centers shall be housed in locked noncombustible 1207.4.4 Seismic and structural design. Stationary ESS cabinets or other enclosures to prevent access by shall comply with the seismic design requirements in unauthorized personnel. Chapter 16 of the International Building Code, and shall not exceed the floor loading limitation of the building. 2. Where electrochemical ESS are contained in cabi- nets in occupied work centers, the cabinets shall 1207.4.5 Vehicle impact protection. Where ESS are be located within 10 feet (3048 mm) of the equip- subject to impact by a motor vehicle, including fork lifts, ment that they support. vehicle impact protection shall be provided in accordance with Section 312. 3. Cabinets shall include signage complying with Section 1207.4.8. 1207.4.6 Combustible storage. Combustible materials shall not be stored in ESS rooms, areas or walk-in units. 1207.4.11 Open rack installations. Where electrochemi- Combustible materials in occupied work centers covered cal ESS are installed in a separate equipment room and by Section 1207.4.10 shall be stored at least 3 feet (914 only authorized personnel have access to the room, they mm) from ESS cabinets. shall be permitted to be installed on an open rack for ease of maintenance. 1207.4.7 Toxic and highly toxic gases. ESS that have the potential to release toxic and highly toxic gas during 1207.4.12 Walk-in units. Walk-in units shall be entered charging, discharging and normal use conditions shall be only for inspection, maintenance and repair of ESS units provided with a hazardous exhaust system in accordance and ancillary equipment, and shall not be occupied for with Section 502.8 of the International Mechanical Code. other purposes. 1207.4.8 Signage. Approved signs shall be provided on or 1207.5 Electrochemical ESS protection. The protection of adjacent to all entry doors for ESS rooms or areas and on electrochemical ESS shall be in accordance with Sections enclosures of ESS cabinets and walk-in units located 1207.5.1 through 1207.5.8 where required by Sections outdoors, on rooftops or in open parking garages. Signs 1207.7 through 1207.10. designed to meet both the requirements of this section and 2021 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE® 12-11 EDUFIRE.IR Telegram: EDUFIRE.IR

ENERGY SYSTEMS TABLE 1207.5 types of electrochemical energy technologies, the total MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE QUANTITIES OF aggregate quantities of the systems shall be determined based on the sum of percentages of each technology- ELECTROCHEMICAL ESS type quantity divided by the maximum allowable quantity of each technology type. The sum of the TECHNOLOGY MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE percentages shall not exceed 100 percent of the maxi- QUANTITIES a mum allowable quantity. Flow batteriesb STORAGE BATTERIES 1207.5.3 Elevation. Electrochemical ESS shall not be Lead-acid, all types located in the following areas: 600 kWh Unlimited 1. Where the floor is located more than 75 feet (22 860 mm) above the lowest level of fire depart- Lithium-ion 600 kWh ment vehicle access. Nickel metal hydride (Ni-MH) Unlimited 2. Where the floor is located below the lowest level Nickel-cadmium (Ni-Cd) Unlimited of exit discharge. Other battery technologies 200 kWh Exceptions: CAPACITORS 1. Lead-acid and nickel-cadmium battery systems less than 50 VAC and 60 VDC installed in All types 20 kWh facilities under the exclusive control of communications utilities in accordance with All types OTHER ELECTROCHEMICAL ESS NFPA 76. 20 kWh 2. Where approved, installations shall be permit- ted in underground vaults complying with For SI: 1 kilowatt hour = 3.6 megajoules. NFPA 70, Article 450, Part III. a. For electrochemical ESS units rated in amp-hours, kWh shall equal rated 3. Where approved by the fire code official, voltage times the amp-hour rating divided by 1,000. installations shall be permitted on higher and lower floors. b. Shall include vanadium, zinc-bromine, polysulfide-bromide and other flowing electrolyte-type technologies. 1207.5.4 Fire detection. An approved automatic smoke detection system or radiant energy-sensing fire detection 1207.5.1 Size and separation. Electrochemical ESS shall system complying with Section 907.2 shall be installed in be segregated into groups not exceeding 50 kWh (180 rooms, indoor areas and walk-in units containing electro- megajoules). Each group shall be separated a minimum of chemical ESS. An approved radiant energy-sensing fire 3 feet (914 mm) from other groups and from walls in the detection system shall be installed to protect open parking storage room or area. The storage arrangements shall garage and rooftop installations. Alarm signals from comply with Chapter 10. detection systems shall be transmitted to a central station, proprietary or remote station service in accordance with 1. Lead-acid and nickel-cadmium battery systems in NFPA 72, or where approved to a constantly attended facilities under the exclusive control of communi- location. cations utilities and operating at less than 50 VAC and 60 VDC in accordance with NFPA 76. 1207.5.4.1 System status. Where required by the fire code official, visible annunciation shall be provided on 2. The fire code official is authorized to approve cabinet exteriors or in other approved locations to indi- larger capacities or smaller separation distances cate that potentially hazardous conditions associated based on large-scale fire testing complying with with the ESS exist. Section 1207.1.5. 1207.5.5 Fire suppression systems. Rooms and areas 1207.5.2 Maximum allowable quantities. Fire areas within buildings and walk-in units containing electro- within rooms, areas and walk-in units containing electro- chemical ESS shall be protected by an automatic fire chemical ESS shall not exceed the maximum allowable suppression system designed and installed in accordance quantities in Table 1207.5. with one of the following: Exceptions: 1. An automatic sprinkler system designed and installed in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1 1. Where approved by the fire code official, with a minimum density of 0.3 gpm/ft2 (1.14 rooms, areas and walk-in units containing elec- L/min) based on the fire area or 2,500 square-foot trochemical ESS that exceed the amounts in (232 m2) design area, whichever is smaller. Table 1207.5 shall be permitted based on a hazardous mitigation analysis in accordance 2. Where approved, an automatic sprinkler system with Section 1207.1.4 and large-scale fire test- designed and installed in accordance with Section ing complying with Section 1207.1.5. 903.3.1.1 with a sprinkler hazard classification 2. Lead-acid and nickel-cadmium battery systems 2021 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE® installed in facilities under the exclusive control of communications utilities, and oper- Telegram: EDUFIRE.IR ating at less than 50 VAC and 60 VDC in accordance with NFPA 76. 3. Dedicated-use buildings in compliance with Section 1207.7.1. 1207.5.2.1 Mixed electrochemical energy systems. Where rooms, areas and walk-in units contain different 12-12 EDUFIRE.IR

ENERGY SYSTEMS based on large-scale fire testing complying with combustible vegetation and other combustible growth. Section 1207.1.5. Single specimens of trees, shrubbery or cultivated ground cover such as green grass, ivy, succulents or similar 3. The following alternative automatic fire-extin- plants used as ground cover shall be permitted to be guishing systems designed and installed in exempt provided that they do not form a means of readily accordance with Section 904, provided that the transmitting fire. installation is approved by the fire code official based on large-scale fire testing complying with 1207.5.8 Means of egress separation. ESS located Section 1207.1.5: outdoors and in open parking garages shall be separated from any means of egress as required by the fire code offi- 3.1. NFPA 12, Standard on Carbon Dioxide cial to ensure safe egress under fire conditions, but in no Extinguishing Systems. case less than 10 feet (3048 mm). 3.2. NFPA 15, Standard for Water Spray Fixed Exception: The fire code official is authorized to Systems for Fire Protection. approve a reduced separation distance if large-scale fire testing complying with Section 1207.1.5 is 3.3. NFPA 750, Standard on Water Mist Fire provided that shows that a fire involving the ESS will Protection Systems. not adversely impact occupant egress. 3.4. NFPA 2001, Standard on Clean Agent 1207.6 Electrochemical ESS technology-specific protec- Fire-Extinguishing Systems. tion. Electrochemical ESS installations shall comply with the requirements of this section in accordance with the appli- 3.5. NFPA 2010, Standard for Fixed Aerosol cable requirements of Table 1207.6. Fire-Extinguishing Systems. 1207.6.1 Exhaust ventilation. Where required by Table Exception: Fire suppression systems for lead-acid and 1207.6 or elsewhere in this code, exhaust ventilation of nickel-cadmium battery systems at facilities under the rooms, areas and walk-in units containing electrochemi- exclusive control of communications utilities that cal ESS shall be provided in accordance with the operate at less than 50 VAC and 60 VDC shall be International Mechanical Code and Section 1207.6.1.1 or provided where required by NFPA 76. 1207.6.1.2. 1207.5.5.1 Water-reactive systems. Electrochemical 1207.6.1.1 Ventilation based on LFL. The exhaust ESS that utilize water-reactive materials shall be ventilation system shall be designed to limit the maxi- protected by an approved alternative automatic fire- mum concentration of flammable gas to 25 percent of extinguishing system in accordance with Section 904, the lower flammable limit (LFL) of the total volume of where the installation is approved by the fire code offi- the room, area or walk-in unit during the worst-case cial based on large-scale fire testing complying with event of simultaneous charging of batteries at the Section 1207.1.5. maximum charge rate, in accordance with nationally recognized standards. 1207.5.6 Maximum enclosure size. Outdoor walk-in units housing ESS shall not exceed 53 feet by 8 feet by 1207.6.1.2 Ventilation based on exhaust rate. 9.5 feet high (16 154 mm  2438 mm  2896 mm), not Mechanical exhaust ventilation shall be provided at a including bolt-on HVAC and related equipment, as rate of not less than 1 ft3/min/ft2 (5.1 L/sec/m2) of floor approved. Outdoor walk-in units exceeding these limita- area of the room, area or walk-in unit. The ventilation tions shall be considered indoor installations and comply shall be either continuous or shall be activated by a gas with the requirements in Section 1207.7. 1207.5.7 Vegetation control. Areas within 10 feet (3048 mm) on each side of outdoor ESS shall be cleared of TABLE 1207.6 ELECTROCHEMICAL ESS TECHNOLOGY-SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS COMPLIANCE REQUIREDb BATTERY TECHNOLOGY OTHER ESS AND BATTERY CAPACITOR Ni-Cd and Ni-MH Lithium-ion TECHNOLOGIESb ESSb Feature Section Lead-acid Flow Yes No Yes Yes Exhaust ventilation 1207.6.1 Yes Yes Explosion control 1207.6.3 Yesa Yesa Yes No Yes Yes Safety caps 1207.6.4 Yes Yes No No Yes Yes Spill control and 1207.6.2 Yesc Yesc No Yes Yes Yes neutralization Thermal runaway 1207.6.5 Yesd Yes Yese No Yese Yes a. Not required for lead-acid and nickel-cadmium batteries at facilities under the exclusive control of communications utilities that comply with NFPA 76 and operate at less than 50 VAC and 60 VDC. b. Protection shall be provided unless documentation acceptable to the fire code official is provided in accordance with Section 104.8.2 that provides justifica- tion why the protection is not necessary based on the technology used. c. Applicable to vented-type (i.e., flooded) nickel-cadmium and lead-acid batteries. d. Not required for vented-type (i.e., flooded) lead-acid batteries. e. The thermal runaway protection is permitted to be part of a battery management system that has been evaluated with the battery as part of the evaluation to UL 1973. 2021 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE® 12-13 EDUFIRE.IR Telegram: EDUFIRE.IR

ENERGY SYSTEMS detection system in accordance with Section 1207.6.2.3 Communications utilities. The require- 1207.6.1.2.4. ments of Section 1207.6.2 shall apply only when the aggregate capacity of multiple vessels exceeds 1,000 1207.6.1.2.1 Standby power. Mechanical exhaust gallons (3785 L) for lead-acid and nickel-cadmium ventilation shall be provided with a minimum of 2 battery systems operating at less than 50 VAC and 60 hours of standby power in accordance with Section VDC that are located at facilities under the exclusive 1203.2.5. control of communications utilities, and those facilities comply with NFPA 76 in addition to applicable 1207.6.1.2.2 Installation instructions. Required requirements of this code. mechanical exhaust ventilation systems shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer’s 1207.6.3 Explosion control. Where required by Table installation instructions and the International 1207.6 or elsewhere in this code, explosion control Mechanical Code. complying with Section 911 shall be provided for rooms, areas or walk-in units containing electrochemical ESS 1207.6.1.2.3 Supervision. Required mechanical technologies. exhaust ventilation systems shall be supervised by an approved central station, proprietary or remote Exceptions: station service in accordance with NFPA 72, or shall initiate an audible and visible signal at an approved 1. Where approved, explosion control is permit- constantly attended on-site location. ted to be waived by the fire code official based on large-scale fire testing complying with 1207.6.1.2.4 Gas detection system. Where required Section 1207.1.5 that demonstrates that flam- by Section 1207.6.1.2, rooms, areas and walk-in mable gases are not liberated from units containing ESS shall be protected by an electrochemical ESS cells or modules where approved continuous gas detection system that tested in accordance with UL 9540A. complies with Section 916 and with the following: 2. Where approved, explosion control is permit- 1. The gas detection system shall be designed ted to be waived by the fire code official based to activate the mechanical ventilation on documentation provided in accordance with system when the level of flammable gas in Section 104.7 that demonstrates that the elec- the room, area or walk-in unit exceeds 25 trochemical ESS technology to be used does percent of the LFL. not have the potential to release flammable gas concentrations in excess of 25 percent of the 2. The mechanical ventilation system shall LFL anywhere in the room, area, walk-in unit remain on until the flammable gas or structure under thermal runaway or other detected is less than 25 percent of the LFL. fault conditions. 3. The gas detection system shall be provided 1207.6.4 Safety caps. Where required by Table 1207.6 or with a minimum of 2 hours of standby elsewhere in this code, vented batteries and other ESS power in accordance with Section shall be provided with flame-arresting safety caps. 1203.2.5. 1207.6.5 Thermal runaway. Where required by Table 4. Failure of the gas detection system shall 1207.6 or elsewhere in this code, batteries and other ESS annunciate a trouble signal at an approved shall be provided with a listed device or other approved central station, proprietary or remote method to prevent, detect and minimize the impact of station service in accordance with NFPA thermal runaway. 72, or shall initiate an audible and visible trouble signal at an approved constantly 1207.7 Indoor installations. Indoor ESS installations shall attended on-site location. be in accordance with Sections 1207.7.1 through 1207.7.4. 1207.6.2 Spill control and neutralization. Where 1207.7.1 Dedicated-use buildings. For the purpose of required by Table 1207.6 or elsewhere in this code, areas Table 1207.7, dedicated-use ESS buildings shall be clas- containing free-flowing liquid electrolyte or hazardous sified as Group F-1 occupancies and comply with all the materials shall be provided with spill control and neutral- following: ization in accordance with this section. 1. The building shall only be used for ESS, electrical 1207.6.2.1 Spill control. Spill control shall be energy generation and other electrical grid-related provided to prevent the flow of liquid electrolyte or operations. hazardous materials to adjoining rooms or areas. The method shall be capable of containing a spill from the 2. Occupants in the rooms and areas containing ESS single largest battery or vessel. are limited to personnel that operate, maintain, service, test and repair the ESS and other energy 1207.6.2.2 Neutralization. An approved method that systems. is capable of neutralizing spilled liquid electrolyte from the largest battery or vessel to a pH between 5.0 3. No other occupancy types shall be permitted in the and 9.0 shall be provided. building. 12-14 2021 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE® EDUFIRE.IR Telegram: EDUFIRE.IR

ENERGY SYSTEMS TABLE 1207.7 INDOOR ESS INSTALLATIONS COMPLIANCE REQUIRED Section DEDICATED-USE BUILDINGSa NONDEDICATED-USE BUILDINGSb Feature 1207.7.3 NA Yes 1207.5.3 Yes Yes Dwelling units and sleeping units 1207.5.5 Yesc Yes Elevation 1207.7.4 Yes Yes Fire suppression systems 1207.4 Yes Yes Fire-resistance-rated separations 1207.5.2 No Yes General installation requirements 1207.5.1 Yes Yes Maximum allowable quantities 1207.5.4 Yesd Yes Size and separation 1207.6 Yes Yes Smoke and automatic fire detectione Technology specific protection NA = Not Allowed. a. See Section 1207.7.1. b. See Section 1207.7.2. c. Where approved by the fire code official, fire suppression systems are permitted to be omitted in dedicated-use buildings located more than 100 feet (30.5 m) from buildings, lot lines, public ways, stored combustible materials, hazardous materials, high-piled stock and other exposure hazards. d. Where approved by the fire code official, alarm signals are not required to be transmitted to a central station, proprietary or remote station service in accor- dance with NFPA 72, or a constantly attended location where local fire alarm annunciation is provided and trained personnel are always present. e. Lead-acid and nickel-cadmium battery systems installed in Group U buildings and structures less than 1,500 square feet (139 m2) under the exclusive control of communications utilities, and operating at less than 50 VAC and 60 VDC in accordance with NFPA 76, are not required to have an approved automatic smoke or fire detection system. 4. Administrative and support personnel shall be 1207.8 Outdoor installations. Outdoor installations shall be permitted in areas within the buildings that do not in accordance with Sections 1207.8.1 through 1207.8.3. contain ESS, provided that: Exterior wall installations for individual ESS units not exceeding 20 kWh shall be in accordance with Section 4.1. The areas do not occupy more than 10 1207.8.4. percent of the building area of the story in which they are located. 1207.8.1 Remote outdoor installations. For the purpose of Table 1207.8, remote outdoor installations include ESS 4.2. A means of egress is provided from the located more than 100 feet (30 480 mm) from buildings, incidental use areas to the public way that lot lines, public ways, stored combustible materials, does not require occupants to traverse hazardous materials, high-piled stock and other exposure through areas containing ESS or other hazards. energy system equipment. 1207.7.2 Nondedicated-use buildings. For the purpose 1207.8.2 Installations near exposures. For the purpose of Table 1207.7, nondedicated-use buildings include all of Table 1207.8, installations near exposures include all buildings that contain ESS and do not comply with outdoor ESS installations that do not comply with Section Section 1207.7.2 dedicated-use building requirements. 1207.8.1 remote outdoor location requirements. 1207.7.3 Dwelling units and sleeping units. ESS shall 1207.8.3 Clearance to exposures. ESS located outdoors not be installed in sleeping units or in habitable spaces of shall be separated by a minimum of 10 feet (3048 mm) dwelling units. from the following exposures: 1207.7.4 Fire-resistance-rated separations. Rooms and 1. Lot lines. areas containing ESS shall include fire-resistance-rated separations as follows: 2. Public ways. 1. In dedicated-use buildings, rooms and areas 3. Buildings. containing ESS shall be separated from areas in which administrative and support personnel are 4. Stored combustible materials. located. 5. Hazardous materials. 2. In nondedicated-use buildings, rooms and areas containing ESS shall be separated from other 6. High-piled stock. areas in the building. 7. Other exposure hazards. Separation shall be provided by 2-hour fire barriers constructed in accordance with Section 707 of the Inter- Exceptions: national Building Code and 2-hour horizontal assemblies constructed in accordance with Section 711 of the Inter- 1. Clearances are permitted to be reduced to 3 feet national Building Code, as appropriate. (914 mm) where a 1-hour free-standing fire barrier suitable for exterior use and extending 5 feet (1524 mm) above and 5 feet (1524 mm) beyond the physical boundary of the ESS installation is provided to protect the exposure. 2021 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE® 12-15 EDUFIRE.IR Telegram: EDUFIRE.IR

ENERGY SYSTEMS TABLE 1207.8 OUTDOOR ESS INSTALLATIONSa COMPLIANCE REQUIRED Section REMOTE INSTALLATIONSa INSTALLATIONS NEAR EXPOSURESb Feature 1207.4 Yes Yes 1207.8.3 Yes Yes All ESS installations 1207.5.5 Yesc Yes Clearance to exposures 1207.5.2 No Yes Fire suppression systems 1207.5.6 Yes Yes Maximum allowable quantities 1207.5.8 Yes Yes Maximum enclosure size 1207.5.1 No Yesd Means of egress separation 1207.5.4 Yes Yes Size and separation 1207.6 Yes Yes Smoke and automatic fire detection 1207.5.7 Yes Yes Technology-specific protection Vegetation control a. See Section 1207.8.1. b. See Section 1207.8.2. c. Where approved by the fire code official, fire suppression systems are permitted to be omitted. d. In outdoor walk-in units, spacing is not required between ESS units and the walls of the enclosure. 2. Clearances to buildings are permitted to be 1207.9 Special installations. Rooftop and open parking reduced to 3 feet (914 mm) where noncombus- garage ESS installations shall comply with Sections tible exterior walls with no openings or 1207.9.1 through 1207.9.6. combustible overhangs are provided on the wall adjacent to the ESS and the fire-resistance 1207.9.1 Rooftop installations. For the purpose of Table rating of the exterior wall is a minimum of 2 1207.9, rooftop ESS installations are those located on the hours. roofs of buildings. 3. Clearances to buildings are permitted to be 1207.9.2 Open parking garage installations. For the reduced to 3 feet (914 mm) where a weather- purpose of Table 1207.9, open parking garage ESS instal- proof enclosure constructed of noncombustible lations are those located in a structure or portion of a materials is provided over the ESS, and it has structure that complies with Section 406.5 of the Interna- been demonstrated that a fire within the enclo- tional Building Code. sure will not ignite combustible materials outside the enclosure based on large-scale fire 1207.9.3 Clearance to exposures. ESS located on roof- testing complying with Section 1207.1.5. tops and in open parking garages shall be separated by a minimum of 10 feet (3048 mm) from the following 1207.8.4 Exterior wall installations. ESS shall be exposures: permitted to be installed outdoors on exterior walls of buildings when all of the following conditions are met: 1. Buildings, except the building on which rooftop ESS is mounted. 1. The maximum energy capacity of individual ESS units shall not exceed 20 kWh. 2. Any portion of the building on which a rooftop system is mounted that is elevated above the roof- 2. The ESS shall comply with applicable require- top on which the system is installed. ments in Section 1207. 3. Lot lines. 3. The ESS shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions and their listing. 4. Public ways. 4. Individual ESS units shall be separated from each 5. Stored combustible materials. other by at least 3 feet (914 mm). 6. Locations where motor vehicles can be parked. 5. The ESS shall be separated from doors, windows, operable openings into buildings or HVAC inlets 7. Hazardous materials. by at least 5 feet (1524 mm). 8. Other exposure hazards. Exception: Where approved, smaller separation distances in Items 4 and 5 shall be permitted based on Exceptions: large-scale fire testing complying with Section 1207.1.5. 1. Clearances are permitted to be reduced to 3 feet (914 mm) where a 1-hour free-standing fire barrier suitable for exterior use and extending 5 feet (1524 mm) above and 5 feet (1524 mm) beyond the physical boundary of the ESS installation is provided to protect the exposure. 12-16 2021 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE® EDUFIRE.IR Telegram: EDUFIRE.IR

ENERGY SYSTEMS TABLE 1207.9 SPECIAL ESS INSTALLATIONS COMPLIANCE REQUIRED Section ROOFTOPSa OPEN PARKING GARAGESb Feature 1207.4 Yes Yes 1207.9.3 Yes Yes All ESS installations 1207.9.4 Yes Yes Clearance to exposures 1207.5.2 Yes Yes Fire suppression systems 1207.5.6 Yes Yes Maximum allowable quantities 1207.5.8 Yes Yes Maximum enclosure size 1207.9.6 No Yes Means of egress separation 1207.9.5 Yes No Open parking garage installations 1207.5.1 Yes Yes Rooftop installations 1207.5.4 Yes Yes Size and separation 1207.6 Yes Yes Smoke and automatic fire detection Technology-specific protection a. See Section 1207.9.1. b. See Section 1207.9.2. 2. Clearances are permitted to be reduced to 3 feet least the height of the system, equipment or (914 mm) where a weatherproof enclosure component but not less than 5 feet (1524 mm). constructed of noncombustible materials is provided over the ESS, and it has been demon- 4. The roofing materials under and within 5 feet strated that a fire within the enclosure will not (1524 mm) horizontally from an ESS or associ- ignite combustible materials outside the enclo- ated equipment shall be noncombustible or shall sure based on large-scale fire testing have a Class A rating when tested in accordance complying with Section 1207.1.5. with ASTM E108 or UL 790. 1207.9.4 Fire suppression systems. ESS located in walk- 5. A Class I standpipe outlet shall be installed at an in units on rooftops or in walk-in units in open parking approved location on the roof level of the building garages shall be provided with automatic fire suppression or in the stairway bulkhead at the top level. systems within the ESS enclosure in accordance with Section 1207.5.5. Areas containing ESS other than walk- 6. The ESS shall be the minimum of 10 feet (3048 in units in open parking structures on levels not open mm) from the fire service access point on the above to the sky shall be provided with an automatic fire rooftop. suppression system complying with Section 1207.5.5. 1207.9.6 Open parking garages. ESS and associated Exception: A fire suppression system is not required equipment that are located in open parking garages shall in open parking garages if large-scale fire testing comply with all of the following: complying with Section 1207.1.5 is provided that shows that a fire will not impact the exposures in 1. ESS shall not be located within 50 feet (15 240 Section 1207.9.3. mm) of air inlets for building HVAC systems. 1207.9.5 Rooftop installations. ESS and associated Exception: This distance shall be permitted equipment that are located on rooftops and not enclosed to be reduced to 25 feet (7620 mm) if the by building construction shall comply with the following: automatic fire alarm system monitoring the radiant-energy sensing detectors de-energizes 1. Stairway access to the roof for emergency the ventilation system connected to the air response and fire department personnel shall be intakes upon detection of fire. provided either through a bulkhead from the inte- rior of the building or a stairway on the exterior of 2. ESS shall not be located within 25 feet (7620 mm) the building. of exits leading from the attached building where located on a covered level of the parking structure 2. Service walkways at least 5 feet (1524 mm) in not directly open to the sky above. width shall be provided for service and emergency personnel from the point of access to the roof to 3. An approved fence with a locked gate or other the system. approved barrier shall be provided to keep the general public at least 5 feet (1524 mm) from the 3. ESS and associated equipment shall be located outer enclosure of the ESS. from the edge of the roof a distance equal to at 1207.10 Mobile ESS equipment and operations. Mobile ESS equipment and operations shall comply with Sections 1207.10.1 through 1207.10.7.7. 2021 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE® 12-17 EDUFIRE.IR Telegram: EDUFIRE.IR

ENERGY SYSTEMS TABLE 1207.10 5. Details on fire suppression, smoke and auto- MOBILE ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEMS (ESS) matic fire detection, system monitoring, thermal management, exhaust ventilation and COMPLIANCE REQUIRED DEPLOYMENTa explosion control, if provided. Feature Section 6. For deployment, the intended duration of oper- ation, including anticipated connection and All ESS installations 1207.4 Yesb disconnection times and dates. Fire suppression systems 1207.5.5 Yesc 7. Location and description of local staging stops during transit to the deployment site. See Maximum allowable quantities 1207.5.2 Yes Section 1207.10.7.5. Maximum enclosure size 1207.5.6 Yes 8. Description of the temporary wiring, including connection methods, conductor type and size, Means of egress separation 1207.5.8 Yes and circuit overcurrent protection to be provided. Size and separation 1207.5.1 Yesd 9. Description of how fire suppression system Smoke and automatic fire 1207.5.4 Yese connections to water supplies or extinguishing detection agents are to be provided. Technology-specific protection 1207.6 Yes 10. Contact information for personnel who are responsible for maintaining and servicing the Vegetation control 1207.5.7 Yes equipment, and responding to emergencies as required by Section 1207.1.6.1. a. See Section 1207.10.2. b. Mobile operations on wheeled vehicles and trailers shall not be required 1207.10.5 Approved locations. Locations where mobile ESS are charged, stored and deployed shall be restricted to comply with Section 1207.4.4 seismic and structural load to the locations established on the construction and opera- requirements. tional permits. c. Fire suppression system connections to the water supply shall be permit- ted to use approved temporary connections. 1207.10.6 Charging and storage. Installations where d. In walk-in units, spacing is not required between ESS units and the walls mobile ESS are charged and stored shall be treated as of the enclosure. permanent ESS indoor or outdoor installations, and shall e. Alarm signals are not required to be transmitted to an approved location comply with the following sections, as applicable: for mobile ESS deployed 30 days or less. 1. Indoor charging and storage shall comply with 1207.10.1 Charging and storage. For the purpose of Section 1207.7. Section 1207.10, charging and storage covers the opera- tion where mobile ESS are charged and stored so they are 2. Outdoor charging and storage shall comply with ready for deployment to another site, and where they are Section 1207.8. charged and stored after a deployment. 3. Charging and storage on rooftops and in open 1207.10.2 Deployment. For the purpose of Section parking garages shall comply with Section 1207.9. 1207.10, deployment covers operations where mobile ESS are located at a site other than the charging and stor- Exceptions: age site and are being used to provide power. 1. Electrical connections shall be permitted to be 1207.10.3 Permits. Construction and operational permits made using temporary wiring complying with shall be provided for charging and storage of mobile ESS the manufacturer’s instructions, the UL 9540 and operational permits shall be provided for deployment listing and NFPA 70. of mobile ESS as required by Section 1207.1.2. 2. Fire suppression system connections to the 1207.10.4 Construction documents. Construction docu- water supply shall be permitted to use ments complying with Section 1207.1.3 shall be provided approved temporary connections. with the construction permit application for mobile ESS charging and storage locations. 1207.10.7 Deployed mobile ESS requirements. Deployed mobile ESS equipment and operations shall 1207.10.4.1 Deployment documents. The following comply with this section and Table 1207.10. information shall be provided with the operation permit applications for mobile ESS deployments: 1207.10.7.1 Duration. The duration of mobile ESS deployment shall not exceed 30 days. 1. Relevant information for the mobile ESS equipment and protection measures in the Exceptions: construction documents required by Section 1207.1.3. 1. Mobile ESS deployments that provide power for durations longer than 30 days shall 2. Location and layout diagram of the area in comply with Section 1207.10.6. which the mobile ESS is to be deployed, including a scale diagram of all nearby 2021 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE® exposures. Telegram: EDUFIRE.IR 3. Location and content of signage, including no smoking signs. 4. Description of fencing to be provided around the ESS, including locking methods. 12-18 EDUFIRE.IR

ENERGY SYSTEMS 2. Mobile ESS deployments shall not exceed from exterior walls, property lines and public 180 days unless additional operational ways. permits are obtained. 2. ESS less than 1 kWh (3.6 megajoules). 1207.10.7.2 Restricted locations. Deployed mobile ESS operations shall not be located indoors, in covered 1207.11.2 Installation. ESS shall be installed in accor- parking garages, on rooftops, below grade or under dance with the manufacturer’s instructions and their building overhangs. listing. 1207.10.7.3 Clearance to exposures. Deployed 1207.11.2.1 Spacing. Individual units shall be sepa- mobile ESS shall be separated by a minimum of 10 rated from each other by at least 3 feet (914 mm) of feet (3048 mm) from the following exposures: spacing unless smaller separation distances are docu- mented to be adequate based on large-scale fire testing 1. Public ways. complying with Section 1207.1.5. 2. Buildings. 1207.11.3 Location. ESS shall be installed only in the following locations: 3. Stored combustible materials. 1. Detached garages and detached accessory 4. Hazardous materials. structures. 5. High-piled storage. 2. Attached garages separated from the dwelling unit living space and sleeping units in accordance with 6. Other exposure hazards. Section 406.3.2 of the International Building Code. Deployed mobile ESS shall be separated by a mini- mum of 50 feet (15 240 mm) from public seating areas 3. Outdoors on exterior walls located a minimum of and from tents, canopies and membrane structures 3 feet (914 mm) from doors and windows. with an occupant load of 30 or more. 4. Utility closets and storage or utility spaces within 1207.10.7.4 Electrical connections. Electrical dwelling units and sleeping units. connections shall be made in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions and the UL 9540 listing. 1207.11.4 Energy ratings. Individual ESS units shall Temporary wiring for electrical power connections have a maximum rating of 20 kWh. The aggregate rating shall comply with NFPA 70. Fixed electrical wiring structure shall not exceed: shall not be provided. 1. 40 kWh within utility closets and storage or utility 1207.10.7.5 Local staging. Mobile ESS in transit from spaces. the charging and storage location to the deployment location and back shall not be parked within 100 feet 2. 80 kWh in attached or detached garages and (30 480 mm) of an occupied building for more than 1 detached accessory structures. hour during transit, unless specifically approved by the fire code official when the permit is issued. 3. 80 kWh on exterior walls. 1207.10.7.6 Fencing. An approved fence with a 4. 80 kWh outdoors on the ground. locked gate or other approved barrier shall be provided to keep the general public at least 5 feet (1524 mm) 1207.11.5 Electrical installation. ESS shall be installed from the outer enclosure of a deployed mobile ESS. in accordance with NFPA 70. Inverters shall be listed and labeled in accordance with UL 1741 or provided as part 1207.10.7.7 Smoking. Smoking shall be prohibited of the UL 9540 listing. Systems connected to the utility within 10 feet (3048 mm) of mobile ESS. Signs shall grid shall use inverters listed for utility interaction. be posted in accordance with Section 310. 1207.11.6 Fire detection. Rooms and areas within dwell- 1207.11 ESS in Group R-3 and R-4 occupancies. ESS in ings units, sleeping units and attached garages in which Group R-3 and R-4 occupancies shall be installed and main- ESS are installed shall be protected by smoke alarms in tained in accordance with Sections 1207.11.1 through accordance with Section 907.2.10. A heat detector listed 1207.11.9. The temporary use of an owner or occupant’s and interconnected to the smoke alarms shall be installed electric-powered vehicle as an ESS shall be in accordance in locations within dwelling units, sleeping units and with Section 1207.11.10. attached garages where smoke alarms cannot be installed based on their listing. 1207.11.1 Equipment listings. ESS shall be listed and labeled in accordance with UL 9540. ESS listed and 1207.11.7 Protection from impact. Stationary storage labeled solely for utility or commercial use shall not be battery systems installed in a location subject to vehicle used for residential applications. damage shall be protected by approved barriers. Appli- ances in garages shall also be installed in accordance with Exceptions: Section 304.3 of the International Mechanical Code. 1. Where approved, repurposed unlisted battery 1207.11.8 Ventilation. Indoor installations of ESS that systems from electric vehicles are allowed to include batteries that produce hydrogen or other flamma- be installed outdoors or in detached dedicated ble gases during charging shall be provided with exhaust cabinets located not less than 5 feet (1524 mm) ventilation in accordance with Section 1207.6.1. 2021 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE® 12-19 EDUFIRE.IR Telegram: EDUFIRE.IR

ENERGY SYSTEMS 1207.11.9 Toxic and highly toxic gas. ESS that have the potential to release toxic or highly toxic gas during charging, discharging and normal use conditions shall not be installed within Group R-3 or R-4 occupancies. 1207.11.10 Electric vehicle use. The temporary use of an owner or occupant’s electric-powered vehicle to power a dwelling unit or sleeping unit while parked in an attached or detached garage or outside shall comply with the vehi- cle manufacturer’s instructions and NFPA 70. 12-20 2021 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE® EDUFIRE.IR Telegram: EDUFIRE.IR

CHAPTERS 13 through 19 RESERVED 2021 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE® 13–19-1 EDUFIRE.IR Telegram: EDUFIRE.IR

13–19-2 2021 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE® EDUFIRE.IR Telegram: EDUFIRE.IR

Part IV—Special Occupancies and Operations CHAPTER 20 AVIATION FACILITIES User note: About this chapter: Chapter 20 specifies minimum requirements for the fire-safe operation of airports, heliports and helistops. The princi- pal nonflight operational hazards associated with aviation involve fuel, facilities and operations. Therefore, safe use of flammable and combustible liquids during fueling and maintenance operations is emphasized. Availability of portable Class B:C-rated fire extinguishers for prompt control or suppression of incipient fires is required. SECTION 2001 Chapter 5. Fire apparatus access roads and aircraft parking GENERAL positions shall be designed in a manner so as to preclude the possibility of fire vehicles traveling under any portion of a 2001.1 Scope. Airports, heliports, helistops and aircraft parked aircraft. hangars shall be in accordance with this chapter. 2003.5 Dispensing of flammable and combustible liquids. 2001.2 Regulations not covered. Regulations not specifi- The dispensing, transferring and storage of flammable and cally contained herein pertaining to airports, aircraft combustible liquids shall be in accordance with this chapter maintenance, aircraft hangars and appurtenant operations and Chapter 57. Aircraft motor vehicle fuel-dispensing facil- shall be in accordance with nationally recognized standards. ities shall be in accordance with Chapter 23. 2001.3 Permits. For permits to operate aircraft-refueling 2003.6 Combustible storage. Combustible materials stored vehicles, application of flammable or combustible finishes in aircraft hangars shall be stored in approved locations and and hot work, see Section 105.5. containers. 2003.7 Hazardous material storage. Hazardous materials SECTION 2002 shall be stored in accordance with Chapter 50. DEFINITIONS 2002.1 Definitions. The following terms are defined in SECTION 2004 Chapter 2: AIRCRAFT MAINTENANCE AIRCRAFT OPERATION AREA (AOA). 2004.1 Transferring flammable and combustible liquids. AIRPORT. Flammable and combustible liquids shall not be dispensed HELIPORT. into or removed from a container, tank, vehicle or aircraft HELISTOP. except in approved locations. 2004.2 Application of flammable and combustible liquid SECTION 2003 finishes. The application of flammable or Class II combusti- GENERAL PRECAUTIONS ble liquid finishes is prohibited unless both of the following 2003.1 Sources of ignition. Open flames, flame-producing conditions are met: devices and other sources of ignition shall not be permitted 1. The application of the liquid finish is accomplished in a hangar, except in approved locations or in any location in an approved location. within 50 feet (15 240 mm) of an aircraft-fueling operation. 2. The application methods and procedures are in accor- 2003.2 Smoking. Smoking shall be prohibited in aircraft- dance with Chapter 24. refueling vehicles, aircraft hangars and aircraft operation 2004.3 Cleaning parts. Class IA flammable liquids shall not areas used for cleaning, paint removal, painting operations or be used to clean aircraft, aircraft parts or aircraft engines. fueling. “No Smoking” signs shall be provided in accor- Cleaning with other flammable and combustible liquids shall dance with Section 310. be in accordance with Section 5705.3.6. Exception: Designated and approved smoking areas. 2004.4 Spills. Sections 2004.4.1 through 2004.4.3 shall 2003.3 Housekeeping. The aircraft operation area (AOA) apply to spills of flammable and combustible liquids and and related areas shall be kept free from combustible debris other hazardous materials. Fuel spill control shall also at all times. comply with Section 2006.11. 2003.4 Fire department access. Fire apparatus access 2004.4.1 Cessation of work. Activities in the affected roads shall be provided and maintained in accordance with area not related to the mitigation of the spill shall cease 2021 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE® 20-1 EDUFIRE.IR Telegram: EDUFIRE.IR

AVIATION FACILITIES until the spilled material has been removed or the hazard guishers complying with Section 906 and having a has been mitigated. minimum rating of 20-B:C shall be provided. 2004.4.2 Vehicle movement. Aircraft or other vehicles 2. Where the open-hose discharge capacity of the fuel- shall not be moved through the spill area until the spilled ing system is more than 200 gallons per minute (13 material has been removed or the hazard has been L/s) but not more than 350 gallons per minute (22 mitigated. L/s), not less than one listed wheeled extinguisher complying with Section 906 and having a minimum 2004.4.3 Mitigation. Spills shall be reported, docu- extinguishing rating of 80-B:C, and a minimum mented and mitigated in accordance with the provisions agent capacity of 125 pounds (57 kg), shall be of this chapter and Section 5003.3. provided. 2004.5 Running engines. Aircraft engines shall not be run 3. Where the open-hose discharge capacity of the fuel- in aircraft hangars except in approved engine test areas. ing system is more than 350 gallons per minute (22 L/s), not less than two listed wheeled extinguishers 2004.6 Open flame. Repairing of aircraft requiring the use complying with Section 906 and having a minimum of open flames, spark-producing devices or the heating of rating of 80-B:C each, and a minimum capacity agent parts above 500°F (260°C) shall only be done outdoors or in of 125 pounds (57 kg) each, shall be provided. an area complying with the provisions of the International Building Code for a Group F-1 occupancy. 2005.7 Fire extinguisher access. Access to portable fire extinguishers required by this chapter shall be maintained at 2004.7 Other aircraft maintenance. Maintenance, repairs, all times. Where necessary, provisions shall be made to clear modifications, or construction performed on aircraft not accumulations of snow, ice and other forms of weather- addressed elsewhere in this code shall be conducted in accor- induced obstructions. dance with NFPA 410. 2005.7.1 Cabinets. Cabinets and enclosed compartments SECTION 2005 used to house portable fire extinguishers shall be clearly PORTABLE FIRE EXTINGUISHERS marked with the words “FIRE EXTINGUISHER” in letters not less than 2 inches (51 mm) high. Cabinets and 2005.1 General. Portable fire extinguishers suitable for compartments shall be provided with ready access at all flammable or combustible liquid and electrical-type fires times. shall be provided as specified in Sections 2005.2 through 2005.6 and Section 906. Extinguishers required by this 2005.8 Reporting use. Use of a fire extinguisher under any section shall be inspected and maintained in accordance with circumstances shall be immediately reported to the manager Section 906. of the airport and the fire code official. 2005.2 On towing vehicles. Vehicles used for towing SECTION 2006 aircraft shall be equipped with not less than one listed porta- AIRCRAFT FUELING ble fire extinguisher complying with Section 906 and having a minimum rating of 20-B:C. 2006.1 Aircraft motor vehicle fuel-dispensing facilities. Aircraft motor vehicle fuel-dispensing facilities shall be in 2005.3 On welding apparatus. Welding apparatus shall be accordance with Chapter 23. equipped with not less than one listed portable fire extin- guisher complying with Section 906 and having a minimum 2006.2 Airport fuel systems. Airport fuel systems shall be rating of 2-A:20-B:C. designed and constructed in accordance with NFPA 407. 2005.4 On aircraft fuel-servicing tank vehicles. Aircraft 2006.3 Construction of aircraft-fueling vehicles and fuel-servicing tank vehicles shall be equipped with not less accessories. Aircraft-fueling vehicles shall comply with this than two listed portable fire extinguishers complying with section and shall be designed and constructed in accordance Section 906, each having a minimum rating of 20-B:C. A with NFPA 407. portable fire extinguisher shall be provided with ready access from either side of the vehicle. 2006.3.1 Transfer apparatus. Aircraft-fueling vehicles shall be equipped and maintained with an approved trans- 2005.5 On hydrant fuel-servicing vehicles. Hydrant fuel- fer apparatus. servicing vehicles shall be equipped with not less than one listed portable fire extinguisher complying with Section 906 2006.3.1.1 Internal combustion type. Where such and having a minimum rating of 20-B:C. transfer apparatus is operated by an individual unit of the internal-combustion-motor type, such power unit 2005.6 At fuel-dispensing stations. Portable fire extin- shall be located as remotely as practicable from guishers at fuel-dispensing stations shall be located such that pumps, piping, meters, air eliminators, water separa- pumps or dispensers are not more than 75 feet (22 860 mm) tors, hose reels and similar equipment, and shall be from one such extinguisher. Fire extinguishers shall be housed in a separate compartment from any of the provided as follows: aforementioned items. The fuel tank in connection therewith shall be suitably designed and installed, and 1. Where the open-hose discharge capacity of the fuel- the maximum fuel capacity shall not exceed 5 gallons ing system is not more than 200 gallons per minute (19 L) where the tank is installed on the engine. The (13 L/s), not less than two listed portable fire extin- exhaust pipe, muffler and tail pipe shall be shielded. 20-2 2021 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE® EDUFIRE.IR Telegram: EDUFIRE.IR

AVIATION FACILITIES 2006.3.1.2 Gear operated. Where operated by gears heavy-duty electrical cable of sufficient length to be or chains, the gears, chains, shafts, bearings, housing bonded to the aircraft to be serviced. Such cable shall and all parts thereof shall be of an approved design and be metallically connected to the transfer apparatus or shall be installed and maintained in an approved chassis of the aircraft-fueling vehicle on one end and manner. shall be provided with a suitable metal clamp on the other end, to be fixed to the aircraft. 2006.3.1.3 Vibration isolation. Flexible connections for the purpose of eliminating vibration are allowed if 2006.3.7.2 Bonding cable protection. The bonding the material used therein is designed, installed and cable shall be bare or have a transparent protective maintained in an approved manner, provided that such sleeve and be stored on a reel or in a compartment connections do not exceed 24 inches (610 mm) in provided for no other purpose. It shall be carried in length. such a manner that it will not be subjected to sharp kinks or accidental breakage under conditions of 2006.3.2 Pumps. Pumps of a positive-displacement type general use. shall be provided with a bypass relief valve set at a pres- sure of not more than 35 percent in excess of the normal 2006.3.8 Smoking. Smoking in aircraft-fueling vehicles working pressure of such unit. Such units shall be is prohibited. Signs to this effect shall be conspicuously equipped and maintained with a pressure gauge on the posted in the driver’s compartment of all fueling vehicles. discharge side of the pump. 2006.3.9 Smoking equipment. Smoking equipment such 2006.3.3 Dispensing hoses and nozzles. Hoses shall be as cigarette lighters and ash trays shall not be provided in designed for the transferring of hydrocarbon liquids and aircraft-fueling vehicles. shall not be any longer than necessary to provide efficient fuel-transfer operations. Hoses shall be equipped with an 2006.4 Operation, maintenance and use of aircraft-fuel- approved shutoff nozzle. Fuel-transfer nozzles shall be ing vehicles. The operation, maintenance and use of aircraft- self-closing and designed to be actuated by hand pressure fueling vehicles shall be in accordance with Sections only. Notches and other devices shall not be used for 2006.4.1 through 2006.4.4 and other applicable provisions of holding a nozzle valve handle in the open position. this chapter. Nozzles shall be equipped with a bonding cable complete with proper attachment for aircraft to be serviced. 2006.4.1 Proper maintenance. Aircraft-fueling vehicles and all related equipment shall be properly maintained 2006.3.4 Protection of electrical equipment. Electric and kept in good repair. Accumulations of oil, grease, fuel wiring, switches, lights and other sources of ignition, and other flammable or combustible materials is prohib- where located in a compartment housing piping, pumps, ited. Maintenance and servicing of such equipment shall air eliminators, water separators, hose reels or similar be accomplished in approved areas. equipment, shall be enclosed in a vapor-tight housing. Electrical motors located in such a compartment shall be 2006.4.2 Vehicle integrity. Tanks, pipes, hoses, valves of a type approved for use as specified in NFPA 70. and other fuel delivery equipment shall be maintained leak free at all times. 2006.3.5 Venting of equipment compartments. Compartments housing piping, pumps, air eliminators, 2006.4.3 Removal from service. Aircraft-fueling vehi- water separators, hose reels and similar equipment shall cles and related equipment that are in violation of Section be adequately ventilated at floor level or within the floor 2006.4.1 or 2006.4.2 shall be immediately defueled and itself. removed from service and shall not be returned to service until proper repairs have been made. 2006.3.6 Accessory equipment. Ladders, hose reels and similar accessory equipment shall be of an approved type 2006.4.4 Operators. Aircraft-fueling vehicles that are and constructed substantially as follows: operated by a person, firm or corporation other than the permittee or the permittee’s authorized employee shall be 1. Ladders constructed of noncombustible material provided with a legible sign visible from outside the vehi- are allowed to be used with or attached to aircraft- cle showing the name of the person, firm or corporation fueling vehicles, provided that the manner of operating such unit. attachment or use of such ladders is approved and does not constitute an additional fire or accident 2006.5 Fueling and defueling. Aircraft-fueling and defuel- hazard in the operation of such fueling vehicles. ing operations shall be in accordance with Sections 2006.5.1 through 2006.5.5. 2. Hose reels used in connection with fueling vehi- cles shall be constructed of noncombustible 2006.5.1 Positioning of aircraft-fueling vehicles. materials and shall be provided with a packing Aircraft-fueling vehicles shall not be located, parked or gland or other device that will preclude fuel leak- permitted to stand in a position where such unit would age between reels and fuel manifolds. obstruct egress from an aircraft should a fire occur during fuel-transfer operations. Aircraft-fueling vehicles shall 2006.3.7 Electrical bonding provisions. Transfer appa- not be located, parked or permitted to stand under any ratus shall be metallically interconnected with tanks, portion of an aircraft. chassis, axles and springs of aircraft-fueling vehicles. Exception: Aircraft-fueling vehicles shall be allowed 2006.3.7.1 Bonding cables. Aircraft-fueling vehicles to be located under aircraft wings during underwing shall be provided and maintained with a substantial fueling of turbine-engine powered aircraft. 2021 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE® 20-3 EDUFIRE.IR Telegram: EDUFIRE.IR

AVIATION FACILITIES 2006.5.1.1 Fueling vehicle egress. A clear path shall 2006.5.3.2 Fire safety training. Employees of fuel be maintained for aircraft-fueling vehicles to provide agents who fuel aircraft, accept fuel shipments or for prompt and timely egress from the fueling area. otherwise handle fuel shall receive approved fire safety training. 2006.5.1.2 Aircraft vent openings. A clear space of not less than 10 feet (3048 mm) shall be maintained 2006.5.3.2.1 Fire extinguisher training. Fuel- between aircraft fuel-system vent openings and any servicing personnel shall receive approved training part or portion of an aircraft-fueling vehicle. in the operation of fire-extinguishing equipment. 2006.5.1.3 Parking. Prior to leaving the cab, the 2006.5.3.2.2 Records. The airport fueling-system aircraft-fueling vehicle operator shall ensure that the operator shall maintain records of all training parking brake has been set. Not less than two chock administered to its employees. blocks not less than 5 inches by 5 inches by 12 inches (127 mm by 127 mm by 305 mm) in size and dished to 2006.5.4 Transfer personnel. During fuel-transfer oper- fit the contour of the tires shall be utilized and posi- ations, a qualified person shall be in control of each tioned in such a manner as to preclude movement of transfer nozzle and another qualified person shall be in the vehicle in any direction. immediate control of the fuel-pumping equipment to shut off or otherwise control the flow of fuel from the time 2006.5.2 Electrical bonding. Aircraft-fueling vehicles fueling operations are begun until they are completed. shall be electrically bonded to the aircraft being fueled or defueled. Bonding connections shall be made prior to Exceptions: making fueling connections and shall not be disconnected until the fuel-transfer operations are completed and the 1. For underwing refueling, the person stationed fueling connections have been removed. at the point of fuel intake is not required. Where a hydrant service vehicle or cart is used for 2. For overwing refueling, the person stationed at fueling, the hydrant coupler shall be connected to the the fuel-pumping equipment shall not be hydrant system prior to bonding the fueling equipment to required where the person at the fuel-dispens- the aircraft. ing device is within 75 feet (22 800 mm) of the emergency shutoff device; is not on the wing of 2006.5.2.1 Conductive hose. In addition to the bond- the aircraft and has a clear and unencumbered ing cable required by Section 2006.5.2, conductive path to the fuel-pumping equipment; and the hose shall be used for all fueling operations. fuel-dispensing line does not exceed 50 feet (15 240 mm) in length. 2006.5.2.2 Bonding conductors on transfer nozzles. Transfer nozzles shall be equipped with approved The fueling operator shall monitor the panel of the bonding conductors that shall be clipped or otherwise fueling equipment and the aircraft control panel during positively engaged with the bonding attachment pressure fueling or shall monitor the fill port during over- provided on the aircraft adjacent to the fuel tank cap wing fueling. prior to removal of the cap. 2006.5.5 Fuel flow control. Fuel flow-control valves Exception: In the case of overwing fueling where shall be operable only by the direct hand pressure of the an appropriate bonding attachment adjacent to the operator. Removal of the operator’s hand pressure shall fuel fill port has not been provided on the aircraft, cause an immediate cessation of the flow of fuel. the fueling operator shall touch the fuel tank cap with the nozzle spout prior to removal of the cap. 2006.6 Emergency fuel shutoff. Emergency fuel shutoff The nozzle shall be kept in contact with the fill port controls and procedures shall comply with Sections 2006.6.1 until fueling is completed. through 2006.6.4. 2006.5.2.3 Funnels. Where required, metal funnels are 2006.6.1 Controls. Emergency fuel shutoff controls shall allowed to be used during fueling operations. Direct be provided with ready access at all times when the fuel- contact between the fueling receptacle, the funnel and ing system is being operated. the fueling nozzle shall be maintained during the fuel- ing operation. 2006.6.2 Notification of the fire department. The fuel- ing-system operator shall establish a procedure by which 2006.5.3 Training. Aircraft-fueling vehicles shall be the fire department will be notified in the event of an acti- attended and operated only by persons instructed in meth- vation of an emergency fuel shutoff control. ods of proper use and operation and who are qualified to use such fueling vehicles in accordance with minimum 2006.6.3 Determining cause. Prior to reestablishment of safety requirements. normal fuel flow, the cause of fuel shutoff conditions shall be determined and corrected. 2006.5.3.1 Fueling hazards. Fuel-servicing personnel shall know and understand the hazards associated with 2006.6.4 Testing. Emergency fuel shutoff devices shall each type of fuel dispensed by the airport fueling- be operationally tested at intervals not exceeding three system operator. months. The fueling-system operator shall maintain test- ing records. 2006.7 Protection of hoses. Before an aircraft-fueling vehi- cle is moved, fuel-transfer hoses shall be properly placed on 20-4 2021 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE® EDUFIRE.IR Telegram: EDUFIRE.IR

AVIATION FACILITIES the approved reel or in the compartment provided, or stored 2006.11.1 Fuel-servicing equipment maintenance. on the top decking of the fueling vehicle if proper height rail Aircraft fuel-servicing equipment shall be maintained and is provided for security and protection of such equipment. kept free from leaks. Fuel-servicing equipment that Fuel-transfer hose shall not be looped or draped over any malfunctions or leaks shall not be continued in service. part of the fueling vehicle, except as herein provided. Fuel- transfer hose shall not be dragged when such fueling vehicle 2006.11.2 Transporting fuel nozzles. Fuel nozzles shall is moved from one fueling position to another. be carried utilizing appropriate handles. Dragging fuel nozzles along the ground shall be prohibited. 2006.8 Loading and unloading. Aircraft-fueling vehicles shall be loaded only at an approved loading rack. Such load- 2006.11.3 Drum fueling. Fueling from drums or other ing racks shall be in accordance with Section 5706.5.1.12. containers having a capacity greater than 5 gallons (19 L) shall be accomplished with the use of an approved pump. Exceptions: 2006.11.4 Fuel spill procedures. The fueling-system 1. Aircraft-refueling units are allowed to be loaded operator shall establish procedures to follow in the event from the fuel tanks of an aircraft during defueling of a fuel spill. These procedures shall be comprehensive operations. and shall provide for all of the following: 2. Fuel transfer between tank vehicles is allowed to 1. Upon observation of a fuel spill, the aircraft-fuel- be performed in accordance with Section 5706.6 ing operator shall immediately stop the delivery of where the operation is not less than 200 feet fuel by releasing hand pressure from the fuel flow- (60 960 mm) from an aircraft. control valve. The fuel cargo of such units shall be unloaded only by 2. Failure of the fuel control valve to stop the contin- approved transfer apparatus into the fuel tanks of aircraft, ued spillage of fuel shall be cause for the underground storage tanks or approved gravity storage activation of the appropriate emergency fuel shut- tanks. off device. 2006.9 Passengers. Passenger traffic is allowed during the 3. A supervisor for the fueling-system operator shall time fuel-transfer operations are in progress, provided that respond to the fuel spill area immediately. the following provisions are strictly enforced by the owner of the aircraft or the owner’s authorized employee: 2006.11.5 Notification of the fire department. The fire department shall be notified of any fuel spill that is 1. Smoking and producing an open flame in the cabin of considered a hazard to people or property or which meets the aircraft or the outside thereof within 50 feet one or more of the following criteria: (15 240 mm) of such aircraft shall be prohibited. A qualified employee of the aircraft owner shall be 1. Any dimension of the spill is greater than 10 feet responsible for seeing that the passengers are not (3048 mm). allowed to smoke when remaining aboard the aircraft or while going across the ramp from the gate to such 2. The spill area is greater than 50 square feet (4.65 aircraft, or vice versa. m2). 2. Passengers shall not be permitted to linger about the 3. The fuel flow is continuous in nature. plane, but shall proceed directly between the loading gate and the aircraft. 2006.11.6 Investigation required. An investigation shall be conducted by the fueling-system operator of all spills 3. Passenger loading stands or walkways shall be left in requiring notification of the fire department. The investi- loading position until all fuel-transfer operations are gation shall provide conclusive proof of the cause and completed. verification of the appropriate use of emergency proce- dures. Where it is determined that corrective measures are 4. Fuel-transfer operations shall not be performed on necessary to prevent future incidents of the same nature, the main exit side of any aircraft containing passen- they shall be implemented immediately. gers except when the owner of such aircraft or a capable and qualified employee of such owner 2006.11.7 Multiple fuel delivery vehicles. Simultaneous remains inside the aircraft to direct and assist the delivery of fuel from more than one aircraft-fueling vehi- escape of such passengers through regular and emer- cle to a single aircraft-fueling manifold is prohibited gency exits in the event fire should occur during fuel- unless proper backflow prevention devices are installed to transfer operations. prevent fuel flow into the tank vehicles. 2006.10 Sources of ignition. Smoking and producing open 2006.12 Aircraft engines and heaters. Operation of aircraft flames within 50 feet (15 240 mm) of a point where fuel is onboard engines and combustion heaters shall be terminated being transferred shall be prohibited. Electrical and motor- prior to commencing fuel-servicing operations and shall driven devices shall not be connected to or disconnected remain off until the fuel-servicing operation is completed. from an aircraft at any time fueling operations are in prog- ress on such aircraft. Exception: In an emergency, a single jet engine is allowed to be operated during fuel servicing where all of 2006.11 Fuel spill prevention and procedures. Fuel spill the following conditions are met: prevention and the procedures for handling spills shall comply with Sections 2006.11.1 through 2006.11.7. 1. The emergency shall have resulted from an onboard failure of the aircraft’s auxiliary power unit. 2021 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE® 20-5 EDUFIRE.IR Telegram: EDUFIRE.IR

AVIATION FACILITIES 2. Restoration of auxiliary power to the aircraft by These procedures shall establish criteria for the suspension ground support services is not available. and resumption of aircraft-fueling operations. 3. The engine to be operated is either at the rear of 2006.17 Fuel-transfer locations. Aircraft fuel-transfer oper- the aircraft or on the opposite side of the aircraft ations shall be prohibited indoors. from the fuel-servicing operation. Exception: In aircraft hangars built in accordance with 4. The emergency operation is in accordance with a the provisions of the International Building Code for written procedure approved by the fire code Group F-1 occupancies, aircraft fuel-transfer operations official. are allowed where either of the following conditions exist: 2006.13 Vehicle and equipment restrictions. During aircraft-fueling operations, only the equipment actively 1. Necessary to accomplish aircraft fuel-system involved in the fueling operation is allowed within 50 feet maintenance operations. Such operations shall be (15 240 mm) of the aircraft being fueled. Other equipment performed in accordance with nationally recog- shall be prohibited in this area until the fueling operation is nized standards. complete. 2. The fuel being used has a flash point greater than A clear space of not less than 10 feet (3048 mm) shall be 100°F (37.8°C). maintained between aircraft fuel-system vent openings and any part or portion of aircraft-servicing vehicles or 2006.17.1 Position of aircraft. Aircraft being fueled equipment. shall be positioned such that any fuel system vents and other fuel tank openings are not less than: Exception: Aircraft-fueling operations utilizing single- point refueling with a sealed, mechanically locked fuel 1. Twenty-five feet (7620 mm) from buildings or line connection and the fuel is not a Class I flammable structures other than jet bridges. liquid. 2. Fifty feet (15 240 mm) from air intake vents for 2006.13.1 Overwing fueling. Vehicles or equipment boiler, heater or incinerator rooms. shall not be allowed beneath the trailing edge of the wing when aircraft fueling takes place over the wing and the 2006.17.2 Fire equipment access. Access for fire service aircraft fuel-system vents are located on the upper surface equipment to aircraft shall be maintained during fuel- of the wing. servicing operations. 2006.14 Electrical equipment. Electrical equipment, 2006.18 Defueling operations. The requirements for fueling including but not limited to, battery chargers, ground or operations contained in this section shall also apply to auxiliary power units, fans, compressors or tools, shall not aircraft defueling operations. Additional procedures shall be be operated, nor shall they be connected or disconnected established by the fueling-system operator to prevent over- from their power source, during fuel-servicing operations. filling of the tank vehicle used in the defueling operation. 2006.14.1 Other equipment. Electrical or other spark- 2006.19 Maintenance of aircraft-fueling hose. Aircraft- producing equipment shall not be used within 10 feet fueling hoses shall be maintained in accordance with (3048 mm) of fueling equipment, aircraft fill or vent Sections 2006.19.1 through 2006.19.4. points, or spill areas unless that equipment is intrinsically safe and approved for use in an explosive atmosphere. 2006.19.1 Inspections. Hoses used to fuel or defuel aircraft shall be inspected periodically to ensure their 2006.15 Open flames. Open flames and open-flame devices serviceability and suitability for continued service. The are prohibited within 50 feet (15 240 mm) of any aircraft fuel service operator shall maintain records of all tests fuel-servicing operation or fueling equipment. and inspections performed on fueling hoses. Hoses found to be defective or otherwise damaged shall be immedi- 2006.15.1 Other areas. The fire code official is autho- ately removed from service. rized to establish other locations where open flames and open-flame devices are prohibited. 2006.19.1.1 Daily inspection. Each hose shall be inspected daily. This inspection shall include a 2006.15.2 Matches and lighters. Personnel assigned to complete visual scan of the exterior for evidence of and engaged in fuel-servicing operations shall not carry damage, blistering or leakage. Each coupling shall be matches or lighters on or about their person. Matches or inspected for evidence of leaks, slippage or lighters shall be prohibited in, on or about aircraft-fueling misalignment. equipment. 2006.19.1.2 Monthly inspection. A more thorough 2006.16 Lightning procedures. The fire code official is inspection, including pressure testing, shall be accom- authorized to require the airport authority and the fueling- plished for each hose on a monthly basis. This system operator to establish written procedures to follow inspection shall include examination of the fuel deliv- when lightning flashes are detected on or near the airport. ery inlet screen for rubber particles, which indicates problems with the hose lining. 20-6 2021 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE® EDUFIRE.IR Telegram: EDUFIRE.IR

AVIATION FACILITIES 2006.19.2 Damaged hose. Hose that has been subjected SECTION 2007 to severe abuse shall be immediately removed from service. Such hoses shall be hydrostatically tested prior to HELISTOPS AND HELIPORTS being returned to service. 2007.1 General. Helistops and heliports shall be maintained 2006.19.3 Repairing hose. Hoses are allowed to be in accordance with Sections 2007.2 through 2007.8. Helis- repaired by removing the damaged portion and recou- tops and heliports on buildings shall be constructed in pling the undamaged end. When recoupling hoses, only accordance with the International Building Code. couplings designed and approved for the size and type of hose in question shall be used. Hoses repaired in this 2007.2 Clearances. The touchdown area shall be surrounded manner shall be visually inspected and hydrostatically on all sides by a clear area having minimum average width at tested prior to being placed back in service. roof level of 15 feet (4572 mm) and not less than 5 feet (1524 mm) at any point. The clear area shall be maintained. 2006.19.4 New hose. New hose shall be visually inspected prior to being placed into service. 2007.3 Flammable and Class II combustible liquid spill- age. Landing areas on structures shall be maintained so as to 2006.20 Aircraft fuel-servicing vehicles parking. Unat- confine flammable or Class II combustible liquid spillage to tended aircraft fuel-servicing vehicles shall be parked in the landing area itself, and provisions shall be made to drain areas that provide for both the unencumbered dispersal of such spillage away from exits or stairways serving the heli- vehicles in the event of an emergency and the control of copter landing area or from a structure housing such exit or leakage such that adjacent buildings and storm drains are not stairway. contaminated by leaking fuel. 2007.4 Exits. Exits and stairways shall be maintained in 2006.20.1 Parking area design. Parking areas for tank accordance with Section 412.7 of the International Building vehicles shall be designed and utilized such that a clear- Code. ance of 10 feet (3048 mm) is maintained between each parked vehicle for fire department access. In addition, a 2007.5 Standpipe systems. A building with a rooftop helis- minimum clearance of 50 feet (15 240 mm) shall be top or heliport shall be provided with a Class I or III maintained between tank vehicles and parked aircraft and standpipe system extended to the roof level on which the structures other than those used for the maintenance or helistop or heliport is located. All portions of the helistop garaging of aircraft fuel-servicing vehicles. and heliport area shall be within 150 feet (45 720 mm) of a 21/2-inch (63.5 mm) outlet on the standpipe system. 2006.21 Radar equipment. Aircraft fuel-servicing opera- tions shall be prohibited while the weather-mapping radar of 2007.6 Foam protection. Foam fire-protection capabilities that aircraft is operating. shall be provided for rooftop heliports. Such systems shall be designed, installed and maintained in accordance with the Aircraft fuel-servicing or other operations in which flam- applicable provisions of Sections 903, 904 and 905. mable liquids, vapors or mists could be present shall not be conducted within 300 feet (91 440 mm) of an operating 2007.7 Fire extinguishers. Not less than one portable fire aircraft surveillance radar. extinguisher having a minimum 80-B:C rating shall be provided for each permanent takeoff and landing area and Aircraft fuel-servicing operations shall not be conducted for the aircraft parking areas. Installation, inspection and within 300 feet (91 440 mm) of airport flight traffic surveil- maintenance of these extinguishers shall be in accordance lance radar equipment. with Section 906. Aircraft fuel-servicing or other operations in which flam- 2007.8 Federal approval. Before operating helicopters from mable liquids, vapors or mists could be present shall not be helistops and heliports, approval shall be obtained from the conducted within 100 feet (30 480 mm) of airport ground Federal Aviation Administration. traffic surveillance radar equipment. 2006.21.1 Direction of radar beams. The beam from ground radar equipment shall not be directed toward fuel storage or loading racks. Exceptions: 1. Fuel storage and loading racks in excess of 300 feet (91 440 mm) from airport flight traffic surveillance equipment. 2. Fuel storage and loading racks in excess of 100 feet (30 480 mm) from airport ground traffic surveillance equipment. 2021 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE® 20-7 EDUFIRE.IR Telegram: EDUFIRE.IR

20-8 2021 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE® EDUFIRE.IR Telegram: EDUFIRE.IR

CHAPTER 21 DRY CLEANING User note: About this chapter: Chapter 21 provides provisions that are intended to reduce hazards associated with use of flammable and combusti- ble dry cleaning solvents. These materials, like all volatile organic chemicals, generate significant quantities of static electricity and are thus readily ignitable. Many flammable and nonflammable dry cleaning solvents also possess health hazards when involved in a fire. SECTION 2101 2103.2 Classification of dry cleaning plants and systems. GENERAL Dry cleaning plants and systems shall be classified based on the solvents used as follows: 2101.1 Scope. Dry cleaning plants and their operations shall comply with the requirements of this chapter. 1. Type I—systems using Class I solvents. 2101.2 Permit required. Permits shall be required as set forth in Section 105.5. 2. Type II—systems using Class II solvents. 3. Type III-A—systems using Class IIIA solvents. SECTION 2102 DEFINITIONS 4. Type III-B—systems using Class IIIB solvents. 2102.1 Definitions. The following terms are defined in Chapter 2: 5. Type IV—systems using Class IV solvents in which DRY CLEANING. dry cleaning is not conducted by the public. DRY CLEANING PLANT. DRY CLEANING ROOM. 6. Type V—systems using Class IV solvents in which DRY CLEANING SYSTEM. dry cleaning is conducted by the public. SOLVENT OR LIQUID CLASSIFICATIONS. Class I solvents. Spotting and pretreating operations conducted in accor- Class II solvents. dance with Section 2106 shall not change the type of the dry Class IIIA solvents. cleaning plant. Class IIIB solvents. Class IV solvents. 2103.2.1 Multiple solvents. Dry cleaning plants using more than one class of solvent for dry cleaning shall be SECTION 2103 classified based on the numerically lowest solvent class. CLASSIFICATIONS 2103.1 Solvent classification. Dry cleaning solvents shall be 2103.3 Design. The occupancy classification, design and classified according to their flash points as follows: construction of dry cleaning plants shall comply with the 1. Class I solvents are liquids having a flash point applicable requirements of the International Building Code. below 100°F (38°C). 2. Class II solvents are liquids having a flash point at or SECTION 2104 above 100°F (38°C) and below 140°F (60°C). GENERAL REQUIREMENTS 3. Class IIIA solvents are liquids having a flash point at or above 140°F (60°C) and below 200°F (93°C). 2104.1 Prohibited use. Type I dry cleaning plants shall be 4. Class IIIB solvents are liquids having a flash point at prohibited. Limited quantities of Class I solvents stored and or above 200°F (93°C). used in accordance with this section shall not be prohibited 5. Class IV solvents are liquids classified as in dry cleaning plants. nonflammable. 2104.2 Building services. Building services and systems shall be designed, installed and maintained in accordance with this section and Chapter 6. 2104.2.1 Ventilation. Ventilation shall be provided in accordance with Section 502 of the International Mechanical Code and DOL 29 CFR Part 1910.1000, where applicable. 2104.2.2 Heating. In Type II dry cleaning plants, heating shall be by indirect means using steam, hot water or hot oil only. 2104.2.3 Electrical wiring and equipment. Electrical wiring and equipment in dry cleaning rooms or other locations subject to flammable vapors shall be installed in accordance with NFPA 70. 2021 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE® 21-1 EDUFIRE.IR Telegram: EDUFIRE.IR