International Fire Code--2021

DEFINITIONS AEROSOL PRODUCT WAREHOUSE. A building used ALARM DEVICE, MULTIPLE STATION. See “Multi- for warehousing aerosol products. ple-station alarm device.” AGENCY. Any emergency responder department within the ALARM NOTIFICATION APPLIANCE. A fire alarm jurisdiction that utilizes radio frequencies for communica- system component such as a bell, horn, speaker, light or text tion. This could include, but not be limited to, various public display that provides audible, tactile or visible outputs, or any safety agencies such as fire departments, emergency medical combination thereof. See also “Audible alarm notification services and law enforcement. appliance” or “Visible alarm notification appliance.” AGENT. A person who shall have charge, care or control of ALARM SIGNAL. A signal indicating an emergency any structure as owner, or agent of the owner, or as executor, requiring immediate action, such as a signal indicative of fire. executrix, administrator, administratrix, trustee or guardian of the estate of the owner. Any such person representing the ALARM VERIFICATION FEATURE. A feature of auto- actual owner shall be bound to comply with the provisions of matic fire detection and alarm systems to reduce unwanted this code to the same extent as if that person was the owner. alarms wherein smoke detectors report alarm conditions for a minimum period of time, or confirm alarm conditions within [BG] AGRICULTURAL BUILDING. A structure a given time period, after being automatically reset, in order designed and constructed to house farm implements, hay, to be accepted as a valid alarm-initiation signal. grain, poultry, livestock or other horticultural products. This structure shall not be a place of human habitation or a place ALCOHOL-BASED HAND RUB. An alcohol-containing of employment where agricultural products are processed, preparation designed for application to the hands for reducing treated or packaged, nor shall it be a place used by the public. the number of viable microorganisms on the hands and containing ethanol or isopropanol in an amount not exceeding AGRO-INDUSTRIAL. A facility, or portion thereof, hous- 95-percent by volume. ing operations involving the transforming of raw agricultural products into intermediate or consumable products. ALCOHOL-BLENDED FUELS. Flammable liquids consisting of greater than 10 percent, by volume, ethanol or AIRCRAFT MOTOR-VEHICLE FUEL-DISPENSING other alcohols blended with gasoline. FACILITY. That portion of property where flammable or combustible liquids or gases used as motor fuels are stored [A] ALTERATION. Any construction or renovation to an and dispensed from fixed automotive-type equipment into the existing structure other than a repair or addition. fuel tanks of aircraft. [BE] ALTERNATING TREAD DEVICE. A device that AIRCRAFT OPERATION AREA (AOA). Any area used has a series of steps between 50 and 70 degrees (0.87 and 1.22 or intended for use for the parking, taxiing, takeoff, landing rad) from horizontal, usually attached to a center support rail or other ground-based aircraft activity. in an alternating manner so that the user does not have both feet on the same level at the same time. [BG] AIR-INFLATED STRUCTURE. A structure that uses air-pressurized membrane beams, arches or other [BG] AMBULATORY CARE FACILITY. Buildings or elements to enclose space. Occupants of such a structure do portions thereof used to provide medical, surgical, psychiat- not occupy the pressurized areas used to support the structure. ric, nursing or similar care on a less-than-24-hour basis to persons who are rendered incapable of self-preservation by AIRPORT. An area of land or structural surface that is used, the services provided or staff has accepted responsibility for or intended for use, for the landing and taking off of aircraft care recipients already incapable. with an overall length greater than 39 feet (11 887 mm) and an overall exterior fuselage width greater than 6.6 feet (2012 AMMONIUM NITRATE. A chemical compound repre- mm), and any appurtenant areas that are used or intended for sented by the formula NH4NO3. use for airport buildings and other airport facilities. ANNUNCIATOR. A unit containing one or more indicator [BG] AIR-SUPPORTED STRUCTURE. A structure lamps, alphanumeric displays or other equivalent means in wherein the shape of the structure is attained by air pressure, which each indication provides status information about a and occupants of the structure are within the elevated pres- circuit, condition or location. sure area. Air supported structures are of two basic types: [A] APPROVED. Acceptable to the fire code official. Double skin. Similar to a single skin, but with an attached liner that is separated from the outer skin and provides an [BG] AREA, BUILDING. The area included within airspace which serves for insulation, acoustic, aesthetic or surrounding exterior walls (or exterior walls and fire walls) similar purposes. exclusive of vent shafts and courts. Areas of the building not provided with surrounding walls shall be included in the Single skin. Where there is only the single outer skin and building area if such areas are included within the horizontal the air pressure is directly against that skin. projection of the roof or floor above. [BE] AISLE. An unenclosed exit access component that [BE] AREA OF REFUGE. An area where persons unable to defines and provides a path of egress travel. use stairways can remain temporarily to await instructions or assistance during emergency evacuation. [BE] AISLE ACCESSWAY. That portion of an exit access that leads to an aisle. ARRAY. The configuration of storage. Characteristics considered in defining an array include the type of packaging, ALARM, NUISANCE. See “Nuisance alarm.” flue spaces, height of storage and compactness of storage. 2-2 2021 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE® EDUFIRE.IR Telegram: EDUFIRE.IR

DEFINITIONS ARRAY, CLOSED. A storage configuration having a 6-inch AVERAGE AMBIENT SOUND LEVEL. The root mean (152 mm) or smaller width vertical flue space that restricts air square, A-weighted sound pressure level measured over a 24- movement through the stored commodity. hour period, or the time any person is present, whichever time period is less. [BG] ATRIUM. An opening connecting two or more stories other than enclosed stairways, elevators, hoistways, escala- [BG] AWNING. An architectural projection that provides tors, plumbing, electrical, air-conditioning or other weather protection, identity or decoration and is partially or equipment, which is closed at the top and not defined as a wholly supported by the building to which it is attached. An mall. Stories, as used in this definition, do not include balco- awning is comprised of a lightweight frame structure over nies within assembly groups or mezzanines that comply with which a covering is attached. Section 505 of the International Building Code. [BE] BALANCED DOOR. A door equipped with double- [BG] ATTIC. The space between the ceiling framing of the pivoted hardware so designed as to cause a semicounter top story and the underside of the roof. balanced swing action when opening. AUDIBLE ALARM NOTIFICATION APPLIANCE. A BALED COTTON. See “Cotton.” notification appliance that alerts by the sense of hearing. BALED COTTON, DENSELY PACKED. See “Cotton.” AUTOMATED RACK STORAGE. Automated rack stor- age is a stocking method whereby the movement of pallets, BARRICADE. A structure that consists of a combination of products, apparatus or systems are automatically controlled walls, floor and roof, which is designed to withstand the rapid by mechanical or electronic devices. release of energy in an explosion and which is fully confined, partially vented or fully vented; or other effective method of AUTOMATIC. As applied to fire protection devices, a shielding from explosive materials by a natural or artificial device or system providing an emergency function without barrier. the necessity for human intervention and activated as a result of a predetermined temperature rise, rate of temperature rise Artificial barricade. An artificial mound or revetment or combustion products. with a minimum thickness of 3 feet (914 mm). AUTOMATIC FIRE-EXTINGUISHING SYSTEM. An Natural barricade. Natural features of the ground, such approved system of devices and equipment which automati- as hills, or timber of sufficient density that the surrounding cally detects a fire and discharges an approved fire- exposures that require protection cannot be seen from the extinguishing agent onto or in the area of a fire. magazine or building containing explosives when the trees are bare of leaves. AUTOMATIC SMOKE DETECTION SYSTEM. A fire alarm system that has initiation devices that utilize smoke BARRICADED. The effective screening of a building detectors for protection of an area such as a room or space containing explosive materials from the magazine or other with detectors to provide early warning of fire. building, railway or highway by a natural or an artificial barrier. A straight line from the top of any sidewall of the AUTOMATIC SPRINKLER SYSTEM. An automatic building containing explosive materials to the eave line of sprinkler system, for fire protection purposes, is an integrated any magazine or other building or to a point 12 feet (3658 system of underground and overhead piping designed in mm) above the center of a railway or highway shall pass accordance with fire protection engineering standards. The through such barrier. system includes a suitable water supply. The portion of the system above the ground is a network of specially sized or [BG] BASEMENT. A story that is not a story above grade hydraulically designed piping installed in a structure or area, plane. generally overhead, and to which automatic sprinklers are connected in a systematic pattern. The system is usually acti- BATTERY SYSTEM, STATIONARY STORAGE. A vated by heat from a fire and discharges water over the fire rechargeable energy storage system consisting of electro- area. chemical storage batteries, battery chargers, controls and associated electrical equipment designed to provide electrical AUTOMATIC WATER MIST SYSTEM. A system power to a building. The system is typically used to provide consisting of a water supply, a pressure source and a distribu- standby or emergency power, an uninterruptable power tion piping system with attached nozzles which, at or above a supply, load shedding, load sharing or similar capabilities. minimum operating pressure, defined by its listing, discharges water in fine droplets meeting the requirements of BATTERY TYPES. For the purposes of this code, certain NFPA 750 for the purpose of the control, suppression or types are defined as follows: extinguishment of a fire. Such systems include wet-pipe, dry- pipe and pre-action types. The systems are designed as engi- Flow battery. A type of storage battery that includes neered, preengineered, local-application or total flooding chemical components dissolved in two different liquids. systems. Ion exchange, which provides the flow of electrical current, occurs through the membrane while both liquids AUTOMOTIVE MOTOR FUEL-DISPENSING FACIL- circulate in their respective spaces. ITY. That portion of property where flammable or combustible liquids or gases used as motor fuels are stored Lead-acid battery. A storage battery that is comprised of and dispensed from fixed equipment into the fuel tanks of lead electrodes immersed in a solution of water and motor vehicles. sulphuric acid electrolyte. 2021 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE® 2-3 EDUFIRE.IR Telegram: EDUFIRE.IR

DEFINITIONS Lithium metal polymer battery. A storage battery that is for the material in question, or for mixtures which do not have ¬ similar to the lithium ion battery except that it has a lith- a constant boiling point, for the purposes of this classifica- ium metal anode in the place of the traditional carbon or tion, the 20-percent evaporated point of a distillation graphite anode. performed in accordance with ASTM D86 shall be used as the boiling point of the liquid. Lithium-ion battery. A storage battery with lithium ions serving as the charge carriers of the battery. The electro- BONFIRE. An outdoor fire utilized for ceremonial purposes. lyte is a polymer mixture of carbonates with an inorganic salt and can be in a liquid or a gelled polymer form. Lithi- [BE] BREAKOUT. For revolving doors, a process whereby ated metal oxide is typically a cathode and forms of carbon wings or door panels can be pushed open manually for means or graphite typically form the anode. of egress travel. Nickel-cadmium (Ni-Cd) battery. An alkaline storage BRITISH THERMAL UNIT (BTU). The heat necessary to battery in which the positive active material is nickel raise the temperature of 1 pound (0.454 kg) of water by 1°F oxide, the negative electrode contains cadmium and the (0.5565°C). electrolyte is a solution of water and potassium hydroxide. [A] BUILDING. Any structure utilized or intended for Nickel-metal hydride (Ni-MH). An alkaline storage supporting or sheltering any occupancy. battery in which the positive active material is nickel oxide, the negative electrode is an intermetallic compound BUILDING AREA. See “Area, building.” and the electrolyte is usually potassium hydroxide. BUILDING HEIGHT. See “Height, building.” Stationary storage battery. A group of electrochemical cells interconnected to supply a nominal voltage of DC [A] BUILDING OFFICIAL. The officer or other designated power to a suitably connected electrical load, designed for authority charged with the administration and enforcement of service in a permanent location. the International Building Code, or a duly authorized ¬ BIN BOX. A five-sided container with the open side facing representative. an aisle. Bin boxes are self-supporting or supported by a structure designed so that little or no horizontal or vertical BULK OXYGEN SYSTEM. An assembly of equipment, space exists around the boxes. such as oxygen storage containers, pressure regulators, safety devices, vaporizers, manifolds and interconnecting piping, BIOMASS. Plant- or animal-based material of biological that has a storage capacity of more than 20,000 cubic feet origin excluding material embedded in geologic formations (566 m3) of oxygen at normal temperature and pressure or transformed into fossils. (NTP) including unconnected reserves on hand at the site. The bulk oxygen system terminates at the point where oxygen BLAST AREA. The area including the blast site and the at service pressure first enters the supply line. The oxygen immediate adjacent area within the influence of flying rock, containers can be stationary or movable, and the oxygen can missiles and concussion. be stored as a gas or liquid. BLAST SITE. The area in which explosive materials are BULK PLANT OR TERMINAL. That portion of a prop- being or have been loaded and which includes all holes erty where flammable or combustible liquids are received by loaded or to be loaded for the same blast and a distance of 50 tank vessel, pipelines, tank car or tank vehicle and are stored feet (15 240 mm) in all directions. or blended in bulk for the purpose of distributing such liquids by tank vessel, pipeline, tank car, tank vehicle, portable tank BLASTER. A person qualified in accordance with Section or container. 5601.4 to be in charge of and responsible for the loading and firing of a blast. BULK TRANSFER. The loading or unloading of flammable or combustible liquids from or between tank vehicles, tank BLASTING AGENT. A material or mixture consisting of cars or storage tanks. fuel and oxidizer, intended for blasting provided that the finished product, as mixed for use or shipment, cannot be BULLET RESISTANT. Constructed so as to resist penetra- detonated by means of a No. 8 test detonator when uncon- tion of a bullet of 150-grain M2 ball ammunition having a fined. Blasting agents are labeled and placarded as Class 1.5 nominal muzzle velocity of 2,700 feet per second (fps) (824 material by US DOTn. mps) when fired from a 30-caliber rifle at a distance of 100 feet (30 480 mm), measured perpendicular to the target. [BE] BLEACHERS. Tiered seating supported on a dedi- cated structural system and two or more rows high and is not CANOPY. A structure or architectural projection of rigid a building element (see “Grandstand”). construction over which a covering is attached that provides weather protection, identity or decoration, and may be struc- [BG] BOARDING HOUSE. A building arranged or used for turally independent or supported by attachment to a building lodging for compensation, with or without meals, and not on one end and by not less than one stanchion on the outer occupied as a single-family unit. end. BOILING POINT. The temperature at which the vapor pres- CAPACITOR ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEM. A station- sure of a liquid equals the atmospheric pressure of 14.7 ary, rechargeable energy storage system consisting of pounds per square inch absolute (psia) (101 kPa) or 760 mm capacitors, chargers, controls and associated electrical equip- of mercury. Where an accurate boiling point is unavailable ment designed to provide electrical power to a building or 2-4 2021 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE® EDUFIRE.IR Telegram: EDUFIRE.IR

DEFINITIONS facility. The system is typically used to provide standby or CHEMICAL NAME. The scientific designation of a chem- emergency power, an uninterruptable power supply, load ical in accordance with the nomenclature system developed shedding, load sharing or similar capabilities. by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry, ¬ CARBON DIOXIDE ENRICHMENT SYSTEM. A the Chemical Abstracts Service rules of nomenclature, or a system where carbon dioxide gas is intentionally introduced name which will clearly identify a chemical for the purpose into an indoor environment, typically for the purpose of stim- of conducting an evaluation. ulating plant growth. [M] CHIMNEY. A primarily vertical structure containing CARBON DIOXIDE EXTINGUISHING SYSTEM. A one or more flues for the purpose of carrying gaseous prod- system supplying carbon dioxide (CO2) from a pressurized ucts of combustion and air from a fuel-burning appliance to vessel through fixed pipes and nozzles. The system includes the outdoor atmosphere. a manual- or automatic-actuating mechanism. Factory-built chimney. A listed and labeled chimney CARBON MONOXIDE ALARM. A single- or multiple- composed of factory-made components, assembled in the station alarm intended to detect carbon monoxide gas and field in accordance with manufacturer’s instructions and alert occupants by a distinct audible signal. It incorporates a the conditions of the listing. sensor, control components and an alarm notification appli- ance in a single unit. Masonry chimney. A field-constructed chimney composed of solid masonry units, bricks, stones, or CARBON MONOXIDE DETECTOR. A device with an concrete. integral sensor to detect carbon monoxide gas and transmit an alarm signal to a connected alarm control unit. Metal chimney. A field-constructed chimney of metal. [BG] CARE SUITE. In Group I-2 occupancies, a group of CLEAN AGENT. Electrically nonconducting, volatile or treatment rooms, care recipient sleeping rooms and the gaseous fire extinguishant that does not leave a residue upon support rooms or spaces and circulation space within the suite evaporation. where staff are in attendance for supervision of all care recip- ients within the suite, and the suite is in compliance with the [BG] CLINIC, OUTPATIENT. Buildings or portions requirements of Section 407.4.4 of the International Building thereof used to provide medical care on a less-than-24-hour Code. basis to persons who are not rendered incapable of self-pres- ervation by the services provided. CARTON. A cardboard or fiberboard box enclosing a product. CLOSED CONTAINER. A container sealed by means of a lid or other device such that liquid, vapor or dusts will not CEILING LIMIT. The maximum concentration of an escape from it under ordinary conditions of use or handling. airborne contaminant to which one may be exposed. The ceil- ing limits utilized are those published in DOL 29 CFR Part CLOSED SYSTEM. The use of a solid or liquid hazardous 1910.1000. The ceiling Recommended Exposure Limit material involving a closed vessel or system that remains (REL-C) concentrations published by the US National Insti- closed during normal operations where vapors emitted by the tute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Threshold product are not liberated outside of the vessel or system and Limit Value-Ceiling (TLV-C) concentrations published by the product is not exposed to the atmosphere during normal the American Conference of Governmental Industrial operations; and all uses of compressed gases. Examples of Hygienists (ACGIH), Ceiling Workplace Environmental closed systems for solids and liquids include product Exposure Level (WEEL-Ceiling) Guides published by the conveyed through a piping system into a closed vessel, American Industrial Hygiene Association (AIHA), and other system or piece of equipment. approved, consistent measures are allowed as surrogates for hazardous substances not listed in DOL 29 CFR Part COLD DECK. A pile of unfinished cut logs. 1910.1000. COMBUSTIBLE DUST. Finely divided solid material [A] CHANGE OF OCCUPANCY. Either of the following which is 420 microns or less in diameter and which, when shall be considered as a change of occupancy where this code dispersed in air in the proper proportions, could be ignited by requires a greater degree of safety, accessibility, structural a flame, spark or other source of ignition. Combustible dust strength, fire protection, means of egress, ventilation or sani- will pass through a US No. 40 standard sieve. tation than is existing in the current building or structure: COMBUSTIBLE FIBERS. Readily ignitable and free- 1. Any change in the occupancy classification of a burning materials in a fibrous or shredded form, such as building or structure. cocoa fiber, cloth, cotton, excelsior, hay, hemp, henequen, istle, jute, kapok, oakum, rags, sisal, Spanish moss, straw, 2. Any change in the purpose of, or a change in the tow, wastepaper, certain synthetic fibers or other like materi- level of activity within, a building or structure. als. This definition does not include densely packed baled cotton. ¬ CHEMICAL. An element, chemical compound or mixture of elements or compounds or both. COMBUSTIBLE GAS DETECTOR. An instrument that samples the local atmosphere and indicates the presence of CHEMICAL FUME HOOD. A ventilated enclosure ignitable vapors or gases within the flammable or explosive designed to contain and exhaust fumes, gases, vapors, mists range expressed as a volume percent in air. and particulate matter generated within the hood. 2021 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE® 2-5 EDUFIRE.IR Telegram: EDUFIRE.IR

DEFINITIONS COMBUSTIBLE LIQUID. A liquid having a closed cup 2. Liquefied compressed gases are gases that, in a pack- flash point at or above 100°F (38°C). Combustible liquids aging under the charged pressure, are partially liquid shall be subdivided as follows: at a temperature of 68°F (20°C). The category of combustible liquids does not include 3. Compressed gases in solution are nonliquefied gases compressed gases or cryogenic fluids or liquids that do not that are dissolved in a solvent. have a fire point when tested in accordance with ASTM D92. 4. Compressed gas mixtures consist of a mixture of two Class II. Liquids having a closed cup flash point at or or more compressed gases contained in a packaging, above 100°F (38°C) and below 140°F (60°C). the hazard properties of which are represented by the properties of the mixture as a whole. Class IIIA. Liquids having a closed cup flash point at or above 140°F (60°C) and below 200°F (93°C). COMPRESSED GAS CONTAINER. A pressure vessel designed to hold compressed gases at pressures greater than Class IIIB. Liquids having closed cup flash points at or one atmosphere at 68°F (20°C) and includes cylinders, above 200°F (93°C). containers and tanks. [M] COMMERCIAL COOKING APPLIANCES. Appli- COMPRESSED GAS SYSTEM. An assembly of equip- ances used in a commercial food service establishment for ment designed to contain, distribute or transport compressed heating or cooking food and which produce grease vapors, gases. It can consist of a compressed gas container or steam, fumes, smoke or odors that are required to be removed containers, reactors and appurtenances, including pumps, through a local exhaust ventilation system. Such appliances compressors and connecting piping and tubing. include deep fat fryers, upright broilers, griddles, broilers, steam-jacketed kettles, hot-top ranges, under-fired broilers [BG] CONGREGATE LIVING FACILITIES. A building (charbroilers), ovens, barbecues, rotisseries, and similar or part thereof that contains sleeping units where residents appliances. For the purpose of this definition, a food service share bathroom and/or kitchen facilities. establishment shall include any building or a portion thereof used for the preparation and serving of food. CONSTANTLY ATTENDED LOCATION. A designated location at a facility staffed by trained personnel on a contin- COMMERCIAL MOTOR VEHICLE. A motor vehicle uous basis where alarm or supervisory signals are monitored used to transport passengers or property where the motor and facilities are provided for notification of the fire depart- vehicle: ment or other emergency services. 1. Has a gross vehicle weight rating of 10,000 pounds [A] CONSTRUCTION DOCUMENTS. The written, (454 kg) or more; or graphic and pictorial documents prepared or assembled for describing the design, location and physical characteristics of 2. Is designed to transport 16 or more passengers, the elements of the project necessary for obtaining a permit. including the driver. CONTAINER. A vessel of 60 gallons (227 L) or less in COMMODITY. A combination of products, packing mate- capacity used for transporting or storing hazardous materials. rials and containers. Pipes, piping systems, engines and engine fuel tanks are not considered to be containers. [BE] COMMON PATH OF EGRESS TRAVEL. That portion of exit access travel distance measured from the most CONTAINMENT SYSTEM. A gastight recovery system remote point of each room, area or space to that point where comprised of equipment or devices which can be placed over the occupants have separate and distinct access to two exits or a leak in a compressed gas container, thereby stopping or exit access doorways. controlling the escape of gas from the leaking container. [BE] COMMON USE. Interior or exterior circulation paths, CONTAINMENT VESSEL. A gastight recovery vessel rooms, spaces or elements that are not for public use and are designed so that a leaking compressed gas container can be made available for the shared use of two or more people. placed within its confines thereby encapsulating the leaking container. COMPRESSED GAS. A material, or mixture of materials that: CONTROL AREA. Spaces within a building where quanti- ties of hazardous materials not exceeding the maximum 1. Is a gas at 68°F (20°C) or less at 14.7 psia (101 kPa) allowable quantities per control area are stored, dispensed, of pressure; and used or handled. See also the definition of “Outdoor control area.” 2. Has a boiling point of 68°F (20°C) or less at 14.7 psia (101 kPa) which is either liquefied, nonliquefied or [BE] CORRIDOR. An enclosed exit access component that in solution, except those gases which have no other defines and provides a path of egress travel. health- or physical-hazard properties are not consid- ered to be compressed until the pressure in the CORRIDOR, OPEN-ENDED. See “Open-ended corridor.” packaging exceeds 41 psia (282 kPa) at 68°F (20°C). CORROSIVE. A chemical that causes visible destruction of, The states of a compressed gas are categorized as follows: or irreversible alterations in, living tissue by chemical action at the point of contact. A chemical shall be considered corro- 1. Nonliquefied compressed gases are gases, other than sive if, when tested on the intact skin of albino rabbits by the those in solution, which are in a packaging under the method described in DOTn 49 CFR 173.137, such chemical charged pressure and are entirely gaseous at a temperature of 68°F (20°C). 2-6 2021 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE® EDUFIRE.IR Telegram: EDUFIRE.IR

DEFINITIONS destroys or changes irreversibly the structure of the tissue at CRYOGENIC CONTAINER. A cryogenic vessel of any the point of contact following an exposure period of 4 hours. size used for the transportation, handling or storage of cryo- This term does not refer to action on inanimate surfaces. genic fluids. COTTON. CRYOGENIC FLUID. A fluid having a boiling point lower than -130°F (-89.9°C) at 14.7 pounds per square inch atmo- Baled cotton. A natural seed fiber wrapped in and secured sphere (psia) (an absolute pressure of 101.3 kPa). with industry-accepted materials, usually consisting of burlap, woven polypropylene, polyethylene or cotton or CRYOGENIC VESSEL. A pressure vessel, low-pressure sheet polyethylene, and secured with steel, synthetic or tank or atmospheric tank designed to contain a cryogenic wire bands, or wire; also includes linters (lint removed fluid on which venting, insulation, refrigeration or a combina- from the cottonseed) and motes (residual materials from tion of these is used in order to maintain the operating the ginning process). pressure within the design pressure and the contents in a liquid phase. Baled cotton, densely packed. Cotton, made into banded bales, with a packing density of not less than 22 pounds CURRENT TAP. An electrical device that, where connected per cubic foot (360 kg/m3), and dimensions complying to a permanently installed receptacle outlet, provides multiple with the following: a length of 55 inches (1397 mm), a receptacle outlet configurations. width of 21 inches (533.4 mm) and a height of 27.6 to 35.4 inches (701 to 899 mm). [BG] CUSTODIAL CARE. Assistance with day-to-day living tasks; such as assistance with cooking, taking medica- Seed cotton. Perishable raw agricultural commodity tion, bathing, using toilet facilities and other tasks of daily consisting of cotton fiber (lint) attached to the seed of the living. Custodial care includes persons receiving care who cotton plant, which requires ginning to become a commer- have the ability to respond to emergency situations and evac- cial product. uate at a slower rate and/or who have mental and psychiatric complications. [BG] COURT. An open, uncovered space, unobstructed to the sky, bounded on three or more sides by exterior building CYLINDER. A pressure vessel designed for pressures walls or other enclosing devices. higher than 40 psia (275.6 kPa) and having a circular cross section. It does not include a portable tank, multiunit tank car [BG] COVERED MALL BUILDING. A single building tank, cargo tank or tank car. enclosing a number of tenants and occupants such as retail stores, drinking and dining establishments, entertainment and DAMPER. See “Fire damper” and “Smoke damper.” amusement facilities, passenger transportation terminals, offices, and other similar uses wherein two or more tenants DAY BOX. A portable magazine designed to hold explosive have a main entrance into one or more malls. Anchor build- materials and constructed in accordance with the require- ings shall not be considered as a part of the covered mall ments for a Type 3 magazine as defined and classified in building. The term “covered mall building” shall include Chapter 56. open mall buildings as defined below. DECORATIVE MATERIALS. All materials applied over Mall. A roofed or covered common pedestrian area within the building interior finish for decorative, acoustical or other a covered mall building that serves as access for two or effect including, but not limited to, curtains, draperies, more tenants and not to exceed three levels that are open fabrics, streamers and all other materials utilized for decora- to each other. The term “mall” shall include open malls as tive effect including, but not limited to, bulletin boards, defined below. artwork, posters, photographs, paintings, batting, cloth, cotton, hay, stalks, straw, vines, leaves, trees, moss and simi- Open mall. An unroofed common pedestrian way serving lar items, foam plastics and materials containing foam a number of tenants not exceeding three levels. Circulation plastics. Decorative materials do not include wall coverings, at levels above grade shall be permitted to include open ceiling coverings, floor coverings, ordinary window shades, exterior balconies leading to exits discharging at grade. interior finish and materials 0.025 inch (0.64 mm) or less in thickness applied directly to and adhering tightly to a Open mall building. Several structures housing a number substrate. of tenants such as retail stores, drinking and dining estab- lishments, entertainment and amusement facilities, DEFLAGRATION. An exothermic reaction, such as the offices, and other similar uses wherein two or more tenants extremely rapid oxidation of a flammable dust or vapor in air, have a main entrance into one or more open malls. Anchor in which the reaction progresses through the unburned mate- buildings are not considered as a part of the open mall rial at a rate less than the velocity of sound. A deflagration building. can have an explosive effect. CRITICAL AREAS. Areas that are designated for the high- DELIVERED AUDIO QUALITY (DAQ). A measure of est level of emergency responder radio coverage including audio quality over a transmission medium. This metric is but not limited to areas such as exit stairs, exit passageways, often used to quantify the quality of audio heard over a radio elevator lobbies, fire protection equipment room and control system. DAQ levels are defined by the following scale: valve locations, and fire command centers. DAQ 1 = unusable. Speech is present but not CRITICAL CIRCUIT. A circuit that requires continuous understandable. operation to ensure safety of the structure and occupants. 2021 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE® 2-7 EDUFIRE.IR Telegram: EDUFIRE.IR

DEFINITIONS DAQ 2 = speech is understandable with considerable [BG] DETOXIFICATION FACILITIES. Facilities that effort. Requires frequent repetition due to noise or provide treatment for substance abuse serving care recipients distortion. who are incapable of self-preservation or who are harmful to themselves or others. DAQ 3 = speech understandable with slight effort. Requires occasional repetition due to noise or distortion. DIP TANK. A tank, vat or container of flammable or combustible liquid in which articles or materials are DAQ 3.4 = speech understandable without repetition. immersed for the purpose of coating, finishing, treating and Some noise or distortion present. similar processes. DAQ 4 = speech easily understandable. Little noise or DISCHARGE SITE. The immediate area surrounding the distortion. fireworks mortars used for an outdoor fireworks display. DAQ 5 = perfect. No distortion or noise discernible. DISPENSING. The pouring or transferring of any material from a container, tank or similar vessel, whereby vapors, DELUGE SYSTEM. A sprinkler system employing open dusts, fumes, mists or gases are liberated to the atmosphere. sprinklers attached to a piping system connected to a water supply through a valve that is opened by the operation of a DISPENSING DEVICE, OVERHEAD TYPE. A dispens- detection system installed in the same area as the sprinklers. ing device that consists of one or more individual units When this valve opens, water flows into the piping system intended for installation in conjunction with each other, and discharges from all sprinklers attached thereto. mounted above a dispensing area typically within the motor fuel-dispensing facility canopy structure, and characterized DESIGN PRESSURE. The maximum gauge pressure that a by the use of an overhead hose reel. pressure vessel, device, component or system is designed to withstand safely under the temperature and conditions of use DISPLAY SITE. The immediate area where a fireworks expected. display is conducted. The display area includes the discharge site, the fallout area and the required separation distance from DESOLVENTIZING. The act of removing a solvent from a the mortars to spectator viewing areas. The display area does material. not include spectator viewing areas or vehicle parking areas. DETACHED BUILDING. A separate single-story building, DOOR, BALANCED. See “Balanced door.” without a basement or crawl space, used for the storage or use of hazardous materials and located an approved distance DOOR, DUTCH. See “Dutch door.” from all structures. DOOR, LOW ENERGY POWER-OPERATED. See DETEARING. A process for rapidly removing excess wet “Low energy power-operated door.” coating material from a dipped or coated object or material by passing it through an electrostatic field. DOOR, POWER-ASSISTED. See “Power-assisted door.” DETECTOR, HEAT. A fire detector that senses heat, either DOOR, POWER-OPERATED. See “Power-operated abnormally high temperature or rate of rise, or both. door.” DETONATING CORD. A flexible cord containing a center DOORWAY, EXIT ACCESS. See “Exit access doorway.” core of high explosive used to initiate other explosives. [BG] DORMITORY. A space in a building where group DETONATION. An exothermic reaction characterized by sleeping accommodations are provided in one room, or in a the presence of a shock wave in the material which estab- series of closely associated rooms, for persons not members lishes and maintains the reaction. The reaction zone of the same family group, under joint occupancy and single progresses through the material at a rate greater than the management, as in college dormitories or fraternity houses. velocity of sound. The principal heating mechanism is one of shock compression. Detonations have an explosive effect. DRAFT CURTAIN. A structure arranged to limit the spread of smoke and heat along the underside of the ceiling or roof. DETONATOR. A device containing any initiating or primary explosive that is used for initiating detonation. A [BF] DRAFTSTOP. A material, device or construction detonator shall not contain more than 154.32 grains (10 installed to restrict the movement of air within open spaces of grams) of total explosives by weight, excluding ignition or concealed areas of building components such as crawl spaces, delay charges. The term includes, but is not limited to, elec- floor/ceiling assemblies, roof/ceiling assemblies and attics. tric blasting caps of instantaneous and delay types, blasting caps for use with safety fuses, detonating cord delay connec- DRY CLEANING. The process of removing dirt, grease, tors, and noninstantaneous and delay blasting caps which use paints and other stains from such items as wearing apparel, detonating cord, shock tube or any other replacement for textiles, fabrics and rugs by use of nonaqueous liquids electric leg wires. All types of detonators in strengths through (solvents). No. 8 cap should be rated at 11/2 pounds (0.68 kg) of explo- sives per 1,000 caps. For strengths higher than No. 8 cap, DRY CLEANING PLANT. A facility in which dry cleaning consult the manufacturer. and associated operations are conducted, including the office, receiving area and storage rooms. DRY CLEANING ROOM. An occupiable space within a building used for performing dry cleaning operations, the installation of solvent-handling equipment or the storage of dry cleaning solvents. 2-8 2021 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE® EDUFIRE.IR Telegram: EDUFIRE.IR

DEFINITIONS DRY CLEANING SYSTEM. Machinery or equipment in EMERGENCY POWER SYSTEM. A source of automatic which textiles are immersed or agitated in solvent or in which electric power of a required capacity and duration to operate dry cleaning solvent is extracted from textiles. required life safety, fire alarm, detection and ventilation systems in the event of a failure of the primary power. Emer- DRY-CHEMICAL EXTINGUISHING AGENT. A gency power systems are required for electrical loads where powder composed of small particles, usually of sodium bicar- interruption of the primary power could result in loss of bonate, potassium bicarbonate, urea-potassium-based human life or serious injuries. bicarbonate, potassium chloride or monoammonium phos- phate, with added particulate material supplemented by EMERGENCY SHUTOFF VALVE. A valve designed to special treatment to provide resistance to packing, resistance shut off the flow of gases or liquids. to moisture absorption (caking) and the proper flow capabilities. EMERGENCY SHUTOFF VALVE, AUTOMATIC. A fail-safe automatic-closing valve designed to shut off the DUST COLLECTION SYSTEM. A combination of equip- flow of gases or liquids initiated by a control system that is ment designed to contain, capture and collect airborne activated by automatic means. combustible dusts. EMERGENCY SHUTOFF VALVE, MANUAL. A manu- DUTCH DOOR. A door divided horizontally so that the top ally operated valve designed to shut off the flow of gases or can be operated independently from the bottom. liquids. [A] DWELLING. A building that contains one or two dwell- EMERGENCY VOICE/ALARM COMMUNICA- ing units used, intended or designed to be used, rented, TIONS. Dedicated manual or automatic facilities for leased, let or hired out to be occupied for living purposes. originating and distributing voice instructions, as well as alert and evacuation signals pertaining to a fire emergency, to the [A] DWELLING UNIT. A single unit providing complete, occupants of a building. independent living facilities for one or more persons, includ- ing permanent provisions for living, sleeping, eating, cooking [BE] EMPLOYEE WORK AREA. All or any portion of a and sanitation. space used only by employees and only for work. Corridors, toilet rooms, kitchenettes and break rooms are not employee EARLY SUPPRESSION FAST-RESPONSE (ESFR) work areas. SPRINKLER. A sprinkler listed for early suppression fast- response performance. ENERGY STORAGE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM. An electronic system that protects energy storage systems from [BE] EGRESS COURT. A court or yard which provides operating outside their safe operating parameters and discon- access to a public way for one or more exits. nects electrical power to the ESS or places it in a safe condition if potentially hazardous temperatures or other ELECTROSTATIC FLUIDIZED BED. A container hold- conditions are detected. ing powder coating material that is aerated from below so as to form an air-supported expanded cloud of such material that ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEM (ESS). One or more is electrically charged with a charge opposite to that of the devices, assembled together, capable of storing energy in object to be coated. Such object is transported through the order to supply electrical energy at a future time. container immediately above the charged and aerated materi- als in order to be coated. ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEM, ELECTROCHEMI- CAL. An energy storage system that stores energy and ELEVATOR GROUP. A grouping of elevators in a building produces electricity using chemical reactions. It includes, located adjacent or directly across from one another that among others, battery ESS and capacitor ESS. respond to a common hall call button(s). ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEM, MOBILE. An energy EMERGENCY ALARM SYSTEM. A system to provide storage system capable of being moved and utilized for indication and warning of emergency situations involving temporary energy storage applications, and not installed as hazardous materials. fixed or stationary electrical equipment. The system can include integral wheels for transportation or be loaded on a EMERGENCY CONTROL STATION. An approved trailer and unloaded for charging, storage and deployment. location on the premises where signals from emergency equipment are received and which is staffed by trained ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEM, STATIONARY. An personnel. energy storage system installed as fixed or stationary electri- cal equipment in a permanent location. [BE] EMERGENCY ESCAPE AND RESCUE OPEN- ING. An operable exterior window, door or other similar ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEM, WALK-IN UNIT. A device that provides for a means of escape and access for prefabricated building that contains energy storage systems. rescue in the event of an emergency. It includes doors that provide walk-in access for personnel to maintain, test and service the equipment, and is typically used EMERGENCY EVACUATION DRILL. An exercise in outdoor and mobile ESS applications. performed to train staff and occupants and to evaluate their efficiency and effectiveness in carrying out emergency evac- uation procedures. 2021 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE® 2-9 EDUFIRE.IR Telegram: EDUFIRE.IR

DEFINITIONS ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEM CABINET. A cabinet [BE] EXIT ACCESS STAIRWAY. A stairway within the containing components of the energy storage system that is exit access portion of the means of egress system. included in the UL 9540 listing for the system. Personnel are not able to enter the enclosure other than reaching in to access [BE] EXIT DISCHARGE. That portion of a means of components for maintenance purposes. egress system between the termination of an exit and a public way. ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEM COMMISSIONING. A systematic process that provides documented confirmation [BE] EXIT DISCHARGE, LEVEL OF. The story at the that an energy storage system functions according to the point at which an exit terminates and an exit discharge begins. intended design criteria and complies with applicable code requirements. [BE] EXIT PASSAGEWAY. An exit component that is separated from other interior spaces of a building or structure ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEM DECOMMISSIONING. by fire-resistance-rated construction and opening protec- A systematic process that provides documentation and proce- tives, and provides for a protected path of egress travel in a dures that allow an energy storage system to be safely de- horizontal direction to the exit discharge. energized, disassembled, readied for shipment or storage, and removed from the premises in accordance with applicable EXPANDED PLASTIC. A foam or cellular plastic material code requirements. having a reduced density based on the presence of numerous small cavities or cells dispersed throughout the material. [BG] EQUIPMENT PLATFORM. An unoccupied, elevated platform used exclusively for mechanical systems or EXPLOSION. An effect produced by the sudden violent industrial process equipment, including the associated expansion of gases, which may be accompanied by a shock elevated walkways, stairways, alternating tread devices and wave or disruption, or both, of enclosing materials or struc- ladders necessary to access the platform (see Section 505.3 of tures. An explosion could result from any of the following: the International Building Code). 1. Chemical changes such as rapid oxidation, deflagra- EXCESS FLOW CONTROL. A fail-safe system or other tion or detonation, decomposition of molecules and approved means designed to shut off flow caused by a rupture runaway polymerization (usually detonations). in pressurized piping systems. 2. Physical changes such as pressure tank ruptures. EXCESS FLOW VALVE. A valve inserted into a compressed gas cylinder, portable tank or stationary tank that 3. Atomic changes (nuclear fission or fusion). is designed to positively shut off the flow of gas in the event that its predetermined flow is exceeded. EXPLOSIVE. A chemical compound, mixture or device, the primary or common purpose of which is to function by explo- EXHAUSTED ENCLOSURE. An appliance or piece of sion. The term includes, but is not limited to, dynamite, black equipment which consists of a top, a back and two sides powder, pellet powder, initiating explosives, detonators, providing a means of local exhaust for capturing gases, safety fuses, squibs, detonating cord, igniter cord and fumes, vapors and mists. Such enclosures include laboratory igniters. hoods, exhaust fume hoods and similar appliances and equip- ment used to retain and exhaust locally the gases, fumes, The term “explosive” includes any material determined to vapors and mists that could be released. Rooms or areas be within the scope of USC Title 18: Chapter 40 and also provided with general ventilation, in themselves, are not includes any material classified as an explosive by the exhausted enclosures. hazardous materials regulations of DOTn 49 CFR Parts 100– 185. EXISTING. Buildings, facilities or conditions that are already in existence, constructed or officially authorized prior High explosive. Explosive material, such as dynamite, to the adoption of this code. which can be caused to detonate by means of a No. 8 test blasting cap where unconfined. [BE] EXIT. That portion of a means of egress system between the exit access and the exit discharge or public way. Low explosive. Explosive material that will burn or defla- Exit components include exterior exit doors at the level of exit grate when ignited. It is characterized by a rate of reaction discharge, interior exit stairways and ramps, exit passage- that is less than the speed of sound. Examples of low ways, exterior exit stairways and ramps and horizontal exits. explosives include, but are not limited to, black powder, safety fuse, igniters, igniter cord, fuse lighters, fireworks [BE] EXIT ACCESS. That portion of a means of egress and propellants, 1.3C. system that leads from any occupied portion of a building or structure to an exit. Mass-detonating explosives. Division 1.1, 1.2 and 1.5 explosives alone or in combination, or loaded into various [BE] EXIT ACCESS DOORWAY. A door or access point types of ammunition or containers, most of which can be along the path of egress travel from an occupied room, area expected to explode virtually instantaneously when a or space where the path of egress enters an intervening room, small portion is subjected to fire, severe concussion, corridor, exit access stairway or ramp. impact, the impulse of an initiating agent or the effect of a considerable discharge of energy from without. Materials [BE] EXIT ACCESS RAMP. A ramp within the exit access that react in this manner represent a mass explosion portion of the means of egress system. hazard. Such an explosive will normally cause severe structural damage to adjacent objects. Explosive propaga- tion could occur immediately to other items of ammunition and explosives stored sufficiently close to and 2-10 2021 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE® EDUFIRE.IR Telegram: EDUFIRE.IR

DEFINITIONS not adequately protected from the initially exploding pile EXTRA-HIGH-RACK COMBUSTIBLE STORAGE. with a time interval short enough so that two or more Storage on racks of Class I, II, III or IV commodities that quantities must be considered as one for quantity-distance exceed 40 feet (12 192 mm) in height and storage on racks of purposes. high-hazard commodities that exceed 30 feet (9144 mm) in height. UN/DOTn Class 1 explosives. The former classification system used by DOTn included the terms “high” and FABRICATION AREA. An area within a semiconductor “low” explosives as defined herein. The following terms fabrication facility and related research and development further define explosives under the current system applied areas in which there are processes using hazardous produc- by DOTn for all explosive materials defined as hazard tion materials. Such areas are allowed to include ancillary Class 1 materials. Compatibility group letters are used in rooms or areas such as dressing rooms and offices that are concert with the division to specify further limitations on directly related to the fabrication area processes. each division noted (for example, the letter G identifies the material as a pyrotechnic substance or article containing a [A] FACILITY. A building or use in a fixed location includ- pyrotechnic substance and similar materials). ing exterior storage areas for flammable and combustible substances and hazardous materials, piers, wharves, tank Division 1.1. Explosives that have a mass explosion farms and similar uses. This term includes recreational vehi- hazard. A mass explosion is one which affects almost cles, mobile home and manufactured housing parks, sales and the entire load instantaneously. storage lots. Division 1.2. Explosives that have a projection hazard FAIL-SAFE. A design condition incorporating a feature for but not a mass explosion hazard. automatically counteracting the effect of an anticipated possi- ble source of failure; also, a design condition eliminating or Division 1.3. Explosives that have a fire hazard and mitigating a hazardous condition by compensating automati- either a minor blast hazard or a minor projection cally for a failure or malfunction. hazard or both, but not a mass explosion hazard. FALLOUT AREA. The area over which aerial shells are Division 1.4. Explosives that pose a minor explosion fired. The shells burst over the area, and unsafe debris and hazard. The explosive effects are largely confined to malfunctioning aerial shells fall into this area. The fallout the package and no projection of fragments of appre- area is the location where a typical aerial shell dud falls to the ciable size or range is to be expected. An external fire ground, depending on the wind and the angle of mortar must not cause virtually instantaneous explosion of placement. almost the entire contents of the package. FALSE ALARM. The willful and knowing initiation or Division 1.5. Very insensitive explosives. This divi- transmission of a signal, message or other notification of an sion is comprised of substances that have a mass event of fire when no such danger exists. explosion hazard but which are so insensitive that there is very little probability of initiation or of transi- FINES. Small pieces or splinters of wood byproducts that tion from burning to detonation under normal will pass through a 0.25-inch (6.4 mm) screen. conditions of transport. FIRE ALARM. The giving, signaling or transmission to any Division 1.6. Extremely insensitive articles which do public fire station, or company or to any officer or employee not have a mass explosion hazard. This division is thereof, whether by telephone, spoken word or otherwise, of comprised of articles that contain only extremely information to the effect that there is a fire at or near the place insensitive detonating substances and which demon- indicated by the person giving, signaling or transmitting such strate a negligible probability of accidental initiation or information. propagation. FIRE ALARM BOX, MANUAL. See “Manual fire alarm EXPLOSIVE MATERIAL. The term “explosive” material box.” means explosives, blasting agents and detonators. FIRE ALARM CONTROL UNIT. A system component [BE] EXTERIOR EXIT RAMP. An exit component that that receives inputs from automatic and manual fire alarm serves to meet one or more means of egress design require- devices and may be capable of supplying power to detection ments, such as required number of exits or exit access travel devices and transponder(s) or off-premises transmitter(s). distance, and is open to yards, courts or public ways. The control unit may be capable of providing a transfer of power to the notification appliances and transfer of condition [BE] EXTERIOR EXIT STAIRWAY. An exit component to relays or devices. that serves to meet one or more means of egress design requirements, such as required number of exits or exit access FIRE ALARM SIGNAL. A signal initiated by a fire alarm- travel distance, and is open to yards, courts or public ways. initiating device such as a manual fire alarm box, automatic fire detector, waterflow switch or other device whose activa- [BF] EXTERIOR WALL. A wall, bearing or nonbearing, tion is indicative of the presence of a fire or fire signature. that is used as an enclosing wall for a building, other than a fire wall, and that has a slope of 60 degrees (1.05 rad) or greater with the horizontal plane. 2021 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE® 2-11 EDUFIRE.IR Telegram: EDUFIRE.IR

DEFINITIONS FIRE ALARM SYSTEM. A system or portion of a combi- FIRE POINT. The lowest temperature at which a liquid will nation system consisting of components and circuits arranged ignite and achieve sustained burning when exposed to a test to monitor and annunciate the status of fire alarm or supervi- flame in accordance with ASTM D92. sory signal-initiating devices and to initiate the appropriate response to those signals. [BF] FIRE PROTECTION RATING. The period of time that an opening protective assembly will maintain the ability FIRE APPARATUS ACCESS ROAD. A road that to confine a fire as determined by tests prescribed in Section provides fire apparatus access from a fire station to a facility, 716 of the International Building Code. Ratings are stated in building or portion thereof. This is a general term inclusive of hours or minutes. all other terms such as fire lane, public street, private street, parking lot lane and access roadway. FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM. Approved devices, equip- ment and systems or combinations of systems used to detect [BF] FIRE AREA. The aggregate floor area enclosed and a fire, activate an alarm, extinguish or control a fire, control bounded by fire walls, fire barriers, exterior walls or horizon- or manage smoke and products of a fire or any combination tal assemblies of a building. Areas of the building not thereof. provided with surrounding walls shall be included in the fire area if such areas are included within the horizontal projec- [BF] FIRE RESISTANCE. That property of materials or tion of the roof or floor next above. their assemblies that prevents or retards the passage of exces- sive heat, hot gases or flames under conditions of use. [BF] FIRE BARRIER. A fire-resistance-rated wall assem- bly of materials designed to restrict the spread of fire in which FIRE SAFETY FUNCTIONS. Building and fire control continuity is maintained. functions that are intended to increase the level of life safety for occupants or to control the spread of the harmful effects FIRE CHIEF. The chief officer of the fire department serv- of fire. ing the jurisdiction, or a duly authorized representative. [BF] FIRE SEPARATION DISTANCE. The distance FIRE CODE OFFICIAL. The fire chief or other designated measured from the building face to one of the following: authority charged with the administration and enforcement of the code, or a duly authorized representative. 1. The closest interior lot line. FIRE COMMAND CENTER. The principal attended or 2. To the centerline of a street, an alley or public way. unattended location where the status of detection, alarm communications and control systems is displayed, and from 3. To an imaginary line between two buildings on the which the system(s) can be manually controlled. lot. [BF] FIRE DAMPER. A listed device installed in ducts and The distance shall be measured at right angles from the air transfer openings designed to close automatically upon face of the wall. detection of heat and resist the passage of flame. Fire dampers are classified for use in either static systems that will auto- [BF] FIRE WALL. A fire-resistance-rated wall having matically shut down in the event of a fire, or in dynamic protected openings, which restricts the spread of fire and systems that continue to operate during a fire. A dynamic fire extends continuously from the foundation to or through the damper is tested and rated for closure under elevated roof, with sufficient structural stability under fire conditions temperature airflow. to allow collapse of construction on either side without collapse of the wall. FIRE DEPARTMENT MASTER KEY. A limited issue key of special or controlled design to be carried by fire FIRE WATCH. A temporary measure intended to ensure department officials in command which will open key boxes continuous and systematic surveillance of a building or on specified properties. portion thereof by one or more qualified individuals for the purposes of identifying and controlling fire hazards, detecting FIRE DETECTOR, AUTOMATIC. A device designed to early signs of unwanted fire, raising an alarm of fire and noti- detect the presence of a fire signature and to initiate action. fying the fire department. [BF] FIRE DOOR. The door component of a fire door [BF] FIREBLOCKING. Building materials, or materials assembly. approved for use as fireblocking, installed to resist the free passage of flame to other areas of the building through [BF] FIRE DOOR ASSEMBLY. Any combination of a fire concealed spaces. door, frame, hardware and other accessories that together provide a specific degree of fire protection to the opening. [BF] FIRE-RESISTANCE RATING. The period of time a building element, component or assembly maintains the abil- [BF] FIRE EXIT HARDWARE. Panic hardware that is ity to confine a fire, continues to perform a given structural listed for use on fire door assemblies. function, or both, as determined by the tests, or the methods based on tests, prescribed in Section 703 of the International FIRE LANE. A road or other passageway developed to Building Code. allow the passage of fire apparatus. A fire lane is not neces- sarily intended for vehicular traffic other than fire apparatus. [BF] FIRE-RESISTANT JOINT SYSTEM. An assem- blage of specific materials or products that are designed, [BF] FIRE PARTITION. A vertical assembly of materials tested and fire-resistance rated in accordance with either designed to restrict the spread of fire in which openings are protected. 2-12 2021 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE® EDUFIRE.IR Telegram: EDUFIRE.IR

DEFINITIONS ASTM E1966 or UL 2079 to resist for a prescribed period of 2. Has a flammable range at 14.7 psia (101 kPa) with time the passage of fire through joints made in or between air of not less than 12 percent, regardless of the lower fire-resistance-rated assemblies. limit. FIREWORKS. Any composition or device for the purpose The limits specified shall be determined at 14.7 psi (101 of producing a visible or an audible effect for entertainment kPa) of pressure and a temperature of 68°F (20°C) in accor- purposes by combustion, deflagration or detonation that dance with ASTM E681. meets the definition of 1.3G fireworks or 1.4G fireworks. FLAMMABLE LIQUEFIED GAS. A liquefied Fireworks, 1.3G. Large fireworks devices, which are compressed gas which, under a charged pressure, is partially explosive materials, intended for use in fireworks displays liquid at a temperature of 68°F (20°C) and which is and designed to produce audible or visible effects by flammable. combustion, deflagration or detonation. Such 1.3G fire- works include, but are not limited to, firecrackers FLAMMABLE LIQUID. A liquid having a closed cup flash containing more than 130 milligrams (2 grains) of explo- point below 100°F (38°C). Flammable liquids are further sive composition, aerial shells containing more than 40 categorized into a group known as Class I liquids. The Class grams of pyrotechnic composition and other display I category is subdivided as follows: pieces which exceed the limits for classification as 1.4G fireworks. Such 1.3G fireworks are also described as Fire- Class IA. Liquids having a flash point below 73°F (23°C) works, UN 0335 by the DOTn. and having a boiling point below 100°F (38°C). Fireworks, 1.4G. Small fireworks devices containing Class IB. Liquids having a flash point below 73°F (23°C) restricted amounts of pyrotechnic composition designed and having a boiling point at or above 100°F (38°C). primarily to produce visible or audible effects by combus- tion or deflagration that complies with the construction, Class IC. Liquids having a flash point at or above 73°F chemical composition and labeling regulations of the (23°C) and below 100°F (38°C). DOTn for Fireworks, UN 0336, and the US Consumer Product Safety Commission as set forth in CPSC 16 CFR The category of flammable liquids does not include Parts 1500 and 1507. compressed gases or cryogenic fluids or liquids that do not have a fire point when tested in accordance with ASTM D92. FIREWORKS DISPLAY. A presentation of fireworks for a public or private gathering. FLAMMABLE MATERIAL. A material capable of being readily ignited from common sources of heat or at a tempera- [BG] FIXED BASE OPERATOR (FBO). A commercial ture of 600°F (316°C) or less. business granted the right by the airport sponsor to operate on an airport and provide aeronautical services such as fueling, FLAMMABLE SOLID. A solid, other than a blasting agent hangaring, tie-down and parking, aircraft rental, aircraft or explosive, that is capable of causing fire through friction, maintenance and flight instruction. absorption of moisture, spontaneous chemical change or retained heat from manufacturing or processing, or which has [BE] FIXED SEATING. Furniture or fixtures designed and an ignition temperature below 212°F (100°C) or which burns installed for the use of sitting and secured in place including so vigorously and persistently when ignited as to create a seri- bench-type seats and seats with or without back or arm rests. ous hazard. A chemical shall be considered a flammable solid as determined in accordance with the test method of CPSC 16 [BF] FLAME SPREAD. The propagation of flame over a CFR Part 1500.44, if it ignites and burns with a self-sustained surface. flame at a rate greater than 0.0866 inch (2.2 mm) per second along its major axis. [BF] FLAME SPREAD INDEX. A comparative measure, expressed as a dimensionless number, derived from visual FLAMMABLE VAPOR AREA. An area in which the measurements of the spread of flame versus time for a mate- concentration of flammable constituents (vapor, gas, fume, rial tested in accordance with ASTM E84 or UL 723. mist or dust) in air exceeds 25 percent of their lower flamma- ble limit (LFL) because of the flammable finish processes FLAMMABLE CRYOGENIC FLUID. A cryogenic fluid operation. It shall include: that is flammable in its vapor state. 1. The interior of spray booths. FLAMMABLE FINISHES. Coatings to articles or materi- als in which the material being applied is a flammable liquid, 2. The interior of ducts exhausting from spraying combustible liquid, combustible powder, fiberglass resin or processes. flammable or combustible gel coating. 3. Any area in the direct path of spray or any area FLAMMABLE GAS. A material which is a gas at 68°F containing dangerous quantities of air-suspended (20°C) or less at 14.7 pounds per square inch atmosphere powder, combustible residue, dust, deposits, vapor or (psia) (101 kPa) of pressure [a material that has a boiling mists as a result of spraying operations. point of 68°F (20°C) or less at 14.7 psia (101 kPa)] which: 4. The area in the vicinity of dip tanks, drain boards or 1. Is ignitable at 14.7 psia (101 kPa) when in a mixture associated drying, conveying or other equipment of 13 percent or less by volume with air; or during operation or shutdown periods. 2021 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE® 2-13 EDUFIRE.IR Telegram: EDUFIRE.IR

DEFINITIONS The fire code official is authorized to determine the extent [BE] FOLDING AND TELESCOPIC SEATING. Tiered of the flammable vapor area, taking into consideration the seating having an overall shape and size that is capable of material characteristics of the flammable materials, the being reduced for purposes of moving or storing and is not a degree of sustained ventilation and the nature of the building element. operations. [BG] FOSTER CARE FACILITIES. Facilities that FLAMMABLE VAPORS OR FUMES. The concentration provide care to more than five children, 21/2 years of age or of flammable constituents in air that exceeds 25 percent of less. their lower flammable limit (LFL). FUEL CELL POWER SYSTEM, STATIONARY. A FLASH POINT. The minimum temperature in degrees Fahr- stationary energy generation system that converts the chemi- enheit at which a liquid will give off sufficient vapors to form cal energy of a fuel and oxidant to electric energy (DC or AC an ignitable mixture with air near the surface or in the electricity) by an electrochemical process. container, but will not sustain combustion. The flash point of a liquid shall be determined by appropriate test procedure and Field-fabricated fuel cell power system. A stationary apparatus as specified in ASTM D56, ASTM D93 or ASTM fuel cell power system that is assembled at the job site and D3278. is not a preengineered or prepackaged factory-assembled fuel cell power system. FLEET VEHICLE MOTOR FUEL-DISPENSING FACILITY. That portion of a commercial, industrial, Preengineered fuel cell power system. A stationary fuel governmental or manufacturing property where liquids used cell power system consisting of components and modules as fuels are stored and dispensed into the fuel tanks of motor that are produced in a factory, and shipped to the job site vehicles that are used in connection with such businesses, by for assembly. persons within the employ of such businesses. Prepackaged fuel cell power system. A stationary fuel [BE] FLIGHT. A continuous run of rectangular treads, cell power system that is factory assembled as a single, winders or combination thereof from one landing to another. complete unit and shipped as a complete unit for installa- tion at the job site. FLOAT. A floating structure normally used as a point of transfer for passengers and goods, or both, for mooring FUEL LIMIT SWITCH. A mechanism, located on a tank purposes. vehicle, that limits the quantity of product dispensed at one time. [BE] FLOOR AREA, GROSS. The floor area within the inside perimeter of the exterior walls of the building under FUMIGANT. A substance which by itself or in combination consideration, exclusive of vent shafts and courts, without with any other substance emits or liberates a gas, fume or deduction for corridors, stairways, ramps, closets, the thick- vapor utilized for the destruction or control of insects, fungi, ness of interior walls, columns or other features. The floor vermin, germs, rats or other pests, and shall be distinguished area of a building, or portion thereof, not provided with from insecticides and disinfectants which are essentially surrounding exterior walls shall be the usable area under the effective in the solid or liquid phases. Examples are methyl horizontal projection of the roof or floor above. The gross bromide, ethylene dibromide, hydrogen cyanide, carbon floor area shall not include shafts with no openings or interior disulfide and sulfuryl fluoride. courts. FUMIGATION. The utilization within an enclosed space of [BE] FLOOR AREA, NET. The actual occupied area not a fumigant in concentrations that are hazardous or acutely including unoccupied accessory areas such as corridors, toxic to humans. stairways, ramps, toilet rooms, mechanical rooms and closets. FURNACE CLASS A. An oven or furnace that has heat utilization equipment operating at approximately atmo- FLUE SPACES. spheric pressure wherein there is a potential explosion or fire hazard that could be occasioned by the presence of flammable Longitudinal flue space. The flue space between rows of volatiles or combustible materials processed or heated in the storage perpendicular to the direction of loading. furnace. Transverse flue space. The space between rows of stor- Note: Such flammable volatiles or combustible materials age parallel to the direction of loading. can, for instance, originate from the following: FLUIDIZED BED. A container holding powder coating 1. Paints, powders, inks, and adhesives from finishing material that is aerated from below so as to form an air- processes, such as dipped, coated, sprayed and supported expanded cloud of such material through which the impregnated materials. preheated object to be coated is immersed and transported. 2. The substrate material. FOAM-EXTINGUISHING SYSTEM. A special system discharging a foam made from concentrates, either mechani- 3. Wood, paper and plastic pallets, spacers or packaging cally or chemically, over the area to be protected. materials. 4. Polymerization or other molecular rearrangements. Potentially flammable materials, such as quench oil, waterborne finishes, cooling oil or cooking oils, that present a hazard are ventilated according to Class A standards. 2-14 2021 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE® EDUFIRE.IR Telegram: EDUFIRE.IR

DEFINITIONS FURNACE CLASS B. An oven or furnace that has heat building and the lot line or, where the lot line is more than 6 utilization equipment operating at approximately atmo- feet (1829 mm) from the building, between the building and spheric pressure wherein there are no flammable volatiles or a point 6 feet (1829 mm) from the building. combustible materials being heated. [BE] GRANDSTAND. Tiered seating supported on a dedi- FURNACE CLASS C. An oven or furnace that has a poten- cated structural system and two or more rows high and is not tial hazard due to a flammable or other special atmosphere a building element (see “Bleachers”). being used for treatment of material in process. This type of furnace can use any type of heating system and includes a [BG] GROUP HOME. A facility for social rehabilitation, special atmosphere supply system. Also included in the Class substance abuse or mental health problems that contains a C classification are integral quench furnaces and molten salt group housing arrangement that provides custodial care but bath furnaces. does not provide medical care. FURNACE CLASS D. An oven or furnace that operates at [BE] GUARD. A building component or a system of build- temperatures from above ambient to over 5,000°F (2760°C) ing components located at or near the open sides of elevated and at pressures normally below atmospheric using any type walking surfaces that minimizes the possibility of a fall from of heating system. These furnaces can include the use of the walking surface to a lower level. special processing atmospheres. [BG] GUESTROOM. A room used or intended to be used GAS CABINET. A fully enclosed, ventilated, noncombusti- by one or more guests for living or sleeping purposes. ble enclosure used to provide an isolated environment for compressed gas cylinders in storage or use. Doors and access [BS] GYPSUM BOARD. Gypsum wallboard, gypsum ports for exchanging cylinders and accessing pressure-regu- sheathing, gypsum base for gypsum veneer plaster, exterior lating controls are allowed to be included. gypsum soffit board, predecorated gypsum board or water- resistant gypsum backing board complying with the standards GAS DETECTION SYSTEM. A system or portion of a listed in Tables 2506.2 and 2507.2 and Chapter 35 of the combination system that utilizes one or more stationary International Building Code. sensors to detect the presence of a specified gas at a specified concentration and initiate one or more responses required by [BG] HABITABLE SPACE. A space in a building for this code, such as notifying a responsible person, activating living, sleeping, eating or cooking. Bathrooms, toilet rooms, an alarm signal, or activating or deactivating equipment. A closets, halls, storage or utility spaces and similar areas are self-contained gas detection and alarm device is not classified not considered habitable spaces. as a gas detection system. HALOGENATED EXTINGUISHING SYSTEM. A fire- GAS ROOM. A separately ventilated, fully enclosed room in extinguishing system using one or more atoms of an element which only compressed gases and associated equipment and from the halogen chemical series: fluorine, chlorine, bromine supplies are stored or used. and iodine. GAS ROOM, HYDROGEN FUEL. See “Hydrogen fuel HANDLING. The deliberate transport by any means to a gas room.” point of storage or use. GASEOUS HYDROGEN SYSTEM. An assembly of [BE] HANDRAIL. A horizontal or sloping rail intended for piping, devices and apparatus designed to generate, store, grasping by the hand for guidance or support. contain, distribute or transport a nontoxic, gaseous hydrogen- containing mixture having not less than 95-percent hydrogen HAZARDOUS MATERIALS. Those chemicals or gas by volume and not more than 1-percent oxygen by substances which are physical hazards or health hazards as volume. Gaseous hydrogen systems consist of items such as defined and classified in this chapter, whether the materials compressed gas containers, reactors and appurtenances, are in usable or waste condition. including pressure regulators, pressure relief devices, mani- folds, pumps, compressors and interconnecting piping and HAZARDOUS PRODUCTION MATERIAL (HPM). A tubing and controls. solid, liquid or gas associated with semiconductor manufac- turing that has a degree-of-hazard rating in health, GLOVE BOX. A sealed enclosure in which items inside the flammability or instability of Class 3 or 4 as ranked by NFPA box are handled exclusively using long gloves sealed to ports 704 and which is used directly in research, laboratory or in the enclosure. production processes which have, as their end product, mate- rials that are not hazardous. [BE] GRADE FLOOR EMERGENCY ESCAPE AND RESCUE OPENING. An emergency escape and rescue HEALTH HAZARD. A classification of a chemical for opening located such that the bottom of the clear opening is which there is statistically significant evidence that acute or not more than 44 inches (1118 mm) above or below the chronic health effects are capable of occurring in exposed finished ground level adjacent to the opening. persons. The term “health hazard” includes chemicals that are toxic, highly toxic and corrosive. [BG] GRADE PLANE. A reference plane representing the average of finished ground level adjoining the building at HEAT DETECTOR. See “Detector, heat.” exterior walls. Where the finished ground level slopes away from the exterior walls, the reference plane shall be estab- [BG] HEIGHT, BUILDING. The vertical distance from lished by the lowest points within the area between the grade plane to the average height of the highest roof surface. 2021 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE® 2-15 EDUFIRE.IR Telegram: EDUFIRE.IR

DEFINITIONS HELIPORT. An area of land or water or a structural surface HIGH-PILED STORAGE AREA. An area within a build- that is used, or intended for use, for the landing and taking off ing which is designated, intended, proposed or actually used of helicopters, and any appurtenant areas which are used, or for high-piled combustible storage, including operating intended for use, for heliport buildings and other heliport aisles. facilities. [BG] HIGH-RISE BUILDING. A building with an occu- HELISTOP. The same as “Heliport,” except that fueling, pied floor located more than 75 feet (22 860 mm) above the defueling, maintenance, repairs or storage of helicopters is lowest level of fire department vehicle access. not permitted. HIGH-VOLTAGE TRANSMISSION LINE. An electrical HI-BOY. A cart used to transport hot roofing materials on a power transmission line operating at or above 66 kilovolts. roof. HIGHWAY. A public street, public alley or public road. HIGHER EDUCATION LABORATORY. Laboratories in Group B occupancies used for educational purposes above [A] HISTORIC BUILDINGS. Any building or structure the 12th grade. Storage, use and handling of chemicals in that is one or more of the following: such laboratories shall be limited to purposes related to test- ing, analysis, teaching, research or developmental activities 1. Listed, or certified as eligible for listing by the state on a nonproduction basis. historic preservation officer or the Keeper of the National Register of Historic Places, in the National HIGHLY TOXIC. A material which produces a lethal dose Register of Historic Places. or lethal concentration which falls within any of the following categories: 2. Designated as historic under an applicable state or local law. 1. A chemical that has a median lethal dose (LD50) of 50 milligrams or less per kilogram of body weight when 3. Certified as a contributing resource within a national administered orally to albino rats weighing between register, state designated or locally designated 200 and 300 grams each. historic district. 2. A chemical that has a median lethal dose (LD50) of HOGGED MATERIALS. Wood waste materials produced 200 milligrams or less per kilogram of body weight from the lumber production process. when administered by continuous contact for 24 hours (or less if death occurs within 24 hours) with [M] HOOD. An air-intake device used to capture by entrap- the bare skin of albino rabbits weighing between 2 ment, impingement, adhesion or similar means, grease and and 3 kilograms each. similar contaminants before they enter a duct system. 3. A chemical that has a median lethal concentration Type I. A kitchen hood for collecting and removing grease (LC50) in air of 200 parts per million by volume or vapors and smoke. less of gas or vapor, or 2 milligrams per liter or less of mist, fume or dust, when administered by continu- Type II. A general kitchen hood for collecting and remov- ous inhalation for one hour (or less if death occurs ing steam vapor, heat, odors and products of combustion. within 1 hour) to albino rats weighing between 200 and 300 grams each. [BF] HORIZONTAL ASSEMBLY. A fire-resistance-rated floor or roof assembly of materials designed to restrict the Mixtures of these materials with ordinary materials, such spread of fire in which continuity is maintained. as water, might not warrant classification as highly toxic. While this system is basically simple in application, any [BE] HORIZONTAL EXIT. An exit component consisting hazard evaluation that is required for the precise categoriza- of fire-resistance-rated construction and opening protectives tion of this type of material shall be performed by intended to compartmentalize portions of a building thereby experienced, technically competent persons. creating refuge areas that afford safety from fire and smoke from the area of fire origin. HIGHLY VOLATILE LIQUID. A liquefied compressed gas with a boiling point of less than 68°F (20°C). [BG] HOSPITALS AND PSYCHIATRIC HOSPITALS. Facilities that provide care or treatment for the medical, HIGH-PILED COMBUSTIBLE STORAGE. Storage of psychiatric, obstetrical, or surgical treatment of inpatient care combustible materials in closely packed piles or combustible recipients that are incapable of self-preservation. materials on pallets, in racks or on shelves where the top of storage is greater than 12 feet (3658 mm) in height. Where HOT WORK. Operations including cutting, welding, Ther- required by the fire code official, high-piled combustible stor- mit welding, brazing, soldering, grinding, thermal spraying, age also includes certain high-hazard commodities, such as thawing pipe, installation of torch-applied roof systems or rubber tires, Group A plastics, flammable liquids, idle pallets any other similar activity. and similar commodities, where the top of storage is greater than 6 feet (1829 mm) in height. HOT WORK AREA. The area exposed to sparks, hot slag, radiant heat, or convective heat as a result of the hot work. HOT WORK EQUIPMENT. Electric or gas welding or cutting equipment used for hot work. 2-16 2021 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE® EDUFIRE.IR Telegram: EDUFIRE.IR

DEFINITIONS HOT WORK PERMITS. Permits issued by the responsible any building or structure occupied in connection with the person at the facility under the hot work permit program manufacture, transportation, storage or use of explosive permitting welding or other hot work to be done in locations materials. referred to in Section 3503.3 and prepermitted by the fire code official. INITIATING DEVICE. A system component that origi- nates transmission of a change-of-state condition, such as in HOT WORK PROGRAM. A permitted program, carried a smoke detector, manual fire alarm box, or supervisory out by approved facilities-designated personnel, allowing switch. them to oversee and issue permits for hot work conducted by their personnel or at their facility. The intent is to have INSECTICIDAL FOGGING. The utilization of insecti- trained, on-site, responsible personnel ensure that required cidal liquids passed through fog-generating units where, by hot work safety measures are taken to prevent fires and fire means of pressure and turbulence, with or without the appli- spread. cation of heat, such liquids are transformed and discharged in the form of fog or mist blown into an area to be treated. HPM. See “Hazardous Production Material.” INTEGRATED TESTING (FIRE PROTECTION AND HPM FACILITY. See “Semiconductor fabrication facility.” LIFE SAFETY SYSTEM). A testing procedure to establish the operational status, interaction and coordination of two or HPM ROOM. A room used in conjunction with or serving a more fire protection and safety systems. Group H-5 occupancy, where HPM is stored or used and which is classified as a Group H-2, H-3 or H-4 occupancy. [BE] INTERIOR EXIT RAMP. An exit component that serves to meet one or more means of egress design require- HYDROGEN FUEL GAS ROOM. A room or space that is ments, such as required number of exits or exit access travel intended exclusively to house a gaseous hydrogen system. distance, and provides for a protected path of egress travel to the exit discharge or public way. IMMEDIATELY DANGEROUS TO LIFE AND HEALTH (IDLH). The concentration of airborne contami- [BE] INTERIOR EXIT STAIRWAY. An exit component nants that poses a threat of death, immediate or delayed that serves to meet one or more means of egress design permanent adverse health effects, or effects that could requirements, such as required number of exits or exit access prevent escape from such an environment. This contaminant travel distance, and provides for a protected path of egress concentration level is established by the National Institute of travel to the exit discharge or public way. Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) based on both toxicity and flammability. It generally is expressed in parts [BG] INTERIOR FINISH. Interior finish includes interior per million by volume (ppm v/v) or milligrams per cubic wall and ceiling finish and interior floor finish. meter (mg/m3). Where adequate data do not exist for precise establishment of IDLH concentrations, an independent certi- [BG] INTERIOR FLOOR-WALL BASE. Interior floor fied industrial hygienist, industrial toxicologist, appropriate finish trim used to provide a functional or decorative border regulatory agency or other source approved by the fire code at the intersection of walls and floors. official shall make such determination. [BG] INTERIOR WALL AND CEILING FINISH. The IMPAIRMENT COORDINATOR. The person responsible exposed interior surfaces of buildings, including but not for the maintenance of a particular fire protection system. limited to: fixed or movable walls and partitions; toilet room privacy partitions; columns; ceilings; and interior wainscot- [BG] INCAPABLE OF SELF-PRESERVATION. Persons ing, paneling or other finish applied structurally or for who, because of age, physical limitations, mental limitations, decoration, acoustical correction, surface insulation, struc- chemical dependency or medical treatment, cannot respond tural fire resistance or similar purposes, but not including as an individual to an emergency situation. trim. INCOMPATIBLE MATERIALS. Materials that, when IRRITANT. A chemical which is not corrosive, but which mixed, have the potential to react in a manner which gener- causes a reversible inflammatory effect on living tissue by ates heat, fumes, gases or byproducts which are hazardous to chemical action at the site of contact. A chemical is a skin irri- life or property. tant if, when tested on the intact skin of albino rabbits by the methods of CPSC 16 CFR Part 1500.41 for an exposure of INERT GAS. A gas that is capable of reacting with other four or more hours or by other appropriate techniques, it materials only under abnormal conditions such as high results in an empirical score of 5 or more. A chemical is clas- temperatures, pressures and similar extrinsic physical forces. sified as an eye irritant if so determined under the procedure Within the context of the code, inert gases do not exhibit listed in CPSC 16 CFR Part 1500.42 or other approved either physical or health hazard properties as defined (other techniques. than acting as a simple asphyxiant) or hazard properties other than those of a compressed gas. Some of the more common [A] JURISDICTION. The governmental unit that has inert gases include argon, helium, krypton, neon, nitrogen adopted this code. and xenon. KEY BOX. A secure device with a lock operable only by a INHABITED BUILDING. A building regularly occupied in fire department master key, and containing building entry whole or in part as a habitation for people, or any place of reli- keys and other keys that may be required for access in an gious worship, schoolhouse, railroad station, store or other emergency. structure where people are accustomed to assemble, except 2021 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE® 2-17 EDUFIRE.IR Telegram: EDUFIRE.IR

DEFINITIONS [A] LABELED. Equipment, materials or products to which production of listed equipment or materials or periodic eval- have been affixed a label, seal, symbol or other identifying uation of services and whose listing states either that the mark of a nationally recognized testing laboratory, approved equipment, material, product or service meets identified stan- agency or other organization concerned with product evalua- dards or has been tested and found suitable for a specified tion that maintains periodic inspection of the production of purpose. such labeled items and whose labeling indicates either that the equipment, material or product meets identified standards LOCKDOWN. An emergency situation, in other than a or has been tested and found suitable for a specified purpose. Group I-3 occupancy, requiring that the occupants be shel- tered and secured in place within a building when normal LABORATORY SUITE. A fire-rated enclosed laboratory evacuation would put occupants at risk. area that will provide one or more laboratory spaces, within a Group B educational occupancy, that are permitted to include [BG] LODGING HOUSE. A one-family dwelling where ancillary uses such as offices, bathrooms and corridors that one or more occupants are primarily permanent in nature and are contiguous with the laboratory area, and are constructed rent is paid for guestrooms. in accordance with Chapter 38. LONGITUDINAL FLUE SPACE. See “Flue spaces— LEVEL OF EXIT DISCHARGE. See “Exit discharge, longitudinal.” level of.” [A] LOT. A portion or parcel of land considered as a unit. LIFE SAFETY SYSTEMS. Systems, devices and equip- ment that enhance or facilitate evacuation, smoke control, [A] LOT LINE. A line dividing one lot from another, or from compartmentation and/or isolation. a street or any public place. LIMITED SPRAYING SPACE. An area in which opera- [BE] LOW ENERGY POWER-OPERATED DOOR. tions for touch-up or spot painting of a surface area of 9 Swinging, sliding or folding door which opens automatically square feet (0.84 m2) or less are conducted. upon an action by a pedestrian such as pressing a push plate or waving a hand in front of a sensor. The door closes auto- LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS (LNG). A fluid in the liquid matically, and operates with decreased forces and decreased state composed predominantly of methane and which may speeds. See also “Power-assisted door” and “Power-oper- contain minor quantities of ethane, propane, nitrogen or other ated door.” components normally found in natural gas. LOWER EXPLOSIVE LIMIT (LEL). See “Lower flam- LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS (LP-gas). A material mable limit.” which is composed predominantly of the following hydrocar- bons or mixtures of them: propane, propylene, butane LOWER FLAMMABLE LIMIT (LFL). The minimum (normal butane or isobutane) and butylenes. concentration of vapor in air at which propagation of flame will occur in the presence of an ignition source. The LFL is LIQUID. A material having a melting point that is equal to sometimes referred to as LEL or lower explosive limit. or less than 68°F (20°C) and a boiling point which is greater than 68°F (20°C) at 14.7 pounds per square inch absolute LOW-PRESSURE TANK. A storage tank designed to with- (psia) (101 kPa). Where not otherwise identified, the term stand an internal pressure greater than 0.5 pound per square “liquid” includes both flammable and combustible liquids. inch gauge (psig) (3.4 kPa) but not greater than 15 psig (103.4 kPa). LIQUID OXYGEN AMBULATORY CONTAINER. A container used for liquid oxygen not exceeding 0.396 gallons LP-GAS CONTAINER. Any vessel, including cylinders, (1.5 liters) specifically designed for use as a medical device tanks, portable tanks and cargo tanks, used for transporting or as defined by 21 USC Chapter 9 that is intended for portable storing LP-gases. therapeutic use and to be filled from its companion base unit, a liquid oxygen home care container. MAGAZINE. A building, structure or container, other than an operating building, approved for storage of explosive LIQUID OXYGEN HOME CARE CONTAINER. A materials. container used for liquid oxygen not exceeding 15.8 gallons (60 liters) specifically designed for use as a medical device as Indoor. A portable structure, such as a box, bin or other defined by 21 USC Chapter 9 that is intended to deliver container, constructed as required for Type 2, 4 or 5 maga- gaseous oxygen for therapeutic use in a home environment. zines in accordance with NFPA 495, NFPA 1124 or DOTy 27 CFR Part 555 so as to be fire resistant and theft LIQUID STORAGE ROOM. A room classified as a Group resistant. H-3 occupancy used for the storage of flammable or combus- tible liquids in a closed condition. Type 1. A permanent structure, such as a building or igloo, that is bullet resistant, fire resistant, theft resistant, weather LIQUID STORAGE WAREHOUSE. A building classified resistant and ventilated in accordance with the require- as a Group H-2 or H-3 occupancy used for the storage of ments of NFPA 495, NFPA 1124 or DOTy 27 CFR Part flammable or combustible liquids in a closed condition. 555. [A] LISTED. Equipment, materials, products or services Type 2. A portable or mobile structure, such as a box, included in a list published by an organization acceptable to skid-magazine, trailer or semitrailer, constructed in accor- the fire code official and concerned with evaluation of prod- dance with the requirements of NFPA 495, NFPA 1124 or ucts or services that maintains periodic inspection of 2-18 2021 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE® EDUFIRE.IR Telegram: EDUFIRE.IR

DEFINITIONS DOTy 27 CFR Part 555 that is fire resistant, theft resistant, [BG] MEDICAL CARE. Care involving medical or surgical weather resistant and ventilated. If used outdoors, a Type procedures, nursing or for psychiatric purposes. 2 magazine is also bullet resistant. MEMBRANE STRUCTURE. An air-inflated, air- Type 3. A fire resistant, theft resistant and weather resis- supported, cable or frame-covered structure as defined by the tant “day box” or portable structure constructed in International Building Code and not otherwise defined as a accordance with NFPA 495, NFPA 1124 or DOTy 27 CFR tent. See Chapter 31 of the International Building Code. Part 555 used for the temporary storage of explosive materials. [BF] MEMBRANE-PENETRATION FIRESTOP SYSTEM. An assemblage consisting of a fire-resistance- Type 4. A permanent, portable or mobile structure such as rated floor-ceiling, roof-ceiling or wall assembly, one or a building, igloo, box, semitrailer or other mobile more penetrating items installed into or passing through the container that is fire resistant, theft resistant and weather breach in one side of the assembly and the materials or resistant and constructed in accordance with NFPA 495, devices, or both, installed to resist the spread of fire into the NFPA 1124 or DOTy 27 CFR Part 555. assembly for a prescribed period of time. Type 5. A permanent, portable or mobile structure such as [BE] MERCHANDISE PAD. A merchandise pad is an area a building, igloo, box, bin, tank, semitrailer, bulk trailer, for display of merchandise surrounded by aisles, permanent tank trailer, bulk truck, tank truck or other mobile fixtures or walls. Merchandise pads contain elements such as container that is theft resistant, which is constructed in nonfixed and moveable fixtures, cases, racks, counters and accordance with NFPA 495, NFPA 1124 or DOTy 27 CFR partitions as indicated in Section 105.2 of the International Part 555. Building Code from which customers browse or shop. MAGNESIUM. The pure metal and alloys, of which the METAL HYDRIDE. A generic name for compounds major part is magnesium. composed of metallic element(s) and hydrogen. MALL. See “Covered mall building.” METAL HYDRIDE STORAGE SYSTEM. A closed system consisting of a group of components assembled as a MANUAL FIRE ALARM BOX. A manually operated package to contain metal-hydrogen compounds for which device used to initiate an alarm signal. there exists an equilibrium condition where the hydrogen- absorbing metal alloy(s), hydrogen gas and the metal-hydro- MANUAL STOCKING METHODS. Stocking methods gen compound(s) coexist and where only hydrogen gas is utilizing ladders or other nonmechanical equipment to move released from the system in normal use. stock. [BG] MEZZANINE. An intermediate level or levels MARINA. Any portion of the ocean or inland water, either between the floor and ceiling of any story and in accordance naturally or artificially protected, for the mooring, servicing with Section 505 of the International Building Code. or safety of vessels and shall include artificially protected works, the public or private lands ashore, and structures or MISCELLA. A mixture, in any proportion, of the extracted facilities provided within the enclosed body of water and oil or fat and the extracting solvent. ashore for the mooring or servicing of vessels or the servicing of their crews or passengers. MOBILE FOOD PREPARATION VEHICLES. Vehicles that contain cooking equipment that produce smoke or MARINE MOTOR FUEL-DISPENSING FACILITY. grease-laden vapors for the purpose of preparing and serving That portion of property where flammable or combustible food to the public. Vehicles intended for private recreation liquids or gases used as fuel for watercraft are stored and shall not be considered mobile food preparation vehicles. dispensed from fixed equipment on shore, piers, wharves, floats or barges into the fuel tanks of watercraft and shall MOBILE FUELING. The operation of dispensing liquid include all other facilities used in connection therewith. fuels from tank vehicles into the fuel tanks of motor vehicles. Mobile fueling may also be known by the terms “Mobile fleet MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE QUANTITY PER fueling,” “Wet fueling” and “Wet hosing.” CONTROL AREA. The maximum amount of a hazardous material allowed to be stored or used within a control area MORTAR. A tube from which fireworks shells are fired into inside a building or an outdoor control area. The maximum the air. allowable quantity per control area is based on the material state (solid, liquid or gas) and the material storage or use MULTIPLE-STATION ALARM DEVICE. Two or more conditions. single-station alarm devices that can be interconnected such that actuation of one causes all integral or separate audible [BE] MEANS OF EGRESS. A continuous and unobstructed alarms to operate. A multiple-station alarm device can consist path of vertical and horizontal egress travel from any occu- of one single-station alarm device having connections to pied portion of a building or structure to a public way. A other detectors or to a manual fire alarm box. means of egress consists of three separate and distinct parts: the exit access, the exit and the exit discharge. MULTIPLE-STATION SMOKE ALARM. Two or more single-station alarm devices that are capable of interconnec- MECHANICAL STOCKING METHODS. Stocking tion such that actuation of one causes the appropriate alarm methods utilizing motorized vehicles or hydraulic jacks to signal to operate in all interconnected alarms. move stock. 2021 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE® 2-19 EDUFIRE.IR Telegram: EDUFIRE.IR

DEFINITIONS [BG] Assembly Group A-3. Group A-3 occupancy includes assembly uses intended for worship, recre- NESTING. A method of securing flat-bottomed compressed ation or amusement and other assembly uses not gas cylinders upright in a tight mass using a contiguous three- classified elsewhere in Group A, including, but not point contact system whereby all cylinders within a group limited to: have not less than three points of contact with other cylinders, walls or bracing. Amusement arcades Art galleries NET EXPLOSIVE WEIGHT (net weight). The weight of Bowling alleys explosive material expressed in pounds. The net explosive Community halls weight is the aggregate amount of explosive material Courtrooms contained within buildings, magazines, structures or portions Dance halls (not including food or drink thereof, used to establish quantity-distance relationships. consumption) NORMAL TEMPERATURE AND PRESSURE (NTP). A Exhibition halls temperature of 70°F (21°C) and a pressure of 1 atmosphere Funeral parlors [14.7 psia (101 kPa)]. Greenhouses with public access for the conserva- [BE] NOSING. The leading edge of treads of stairs and of tion and exhibition of plants landings at the top of stairway flights. Gymnasiums (without spectator seating) Indoor swimming pools (without spectator seating) NOTIFICATION ZONE. See “Zone, notification.” Indoor tennis courts (without spectator seating) Lecture halls NUISANCE ALARM. An alarm caused by mechanical fail- Libraries ure, malfunction, improper installation or lack of proper Museums maintenance, or an alarm activated by a cause that cannot be Places of religious worship determined. Pool and billiard parlors Waiting areas in transportation terminals [BG] NURSING HOMES. Facilities that provide care, including both intermediate care facilities and skilled nursing [BG] Assembly Group A-4. Group A-4 occupancy facilities, where any of the persons are incapable of self- includes assembly uses intended for viewing of indoor preservation. sporting events and activities with spectator seating including, but not limited to: OCCUPANCY CLASSIFICATION. For the purposes of this code, certain occupancies are defined as follows: Arenas Skating rinks [BG] Group A, Assembly. Assembly Group A occu- Swimming pools pancy includes, among others, the use of a building or Tennis courts structure, or a portion thereof, for the gathering of persons for purposes such as civic, social or religious functions; [BG] Assembly Group A-5. Group A-5 occupancy recreation, food or drink consumption; or awaiting includes assembly uses intended for participation in or transportation. viewing outdoor activities including, but not limited to: [BG] Accessory with places of religious worship. Accessory religious educational rooms and religious Amusement park structures auditoriums with occupant loads of less than 100 per room or space are not considered separate Bleachers occupancies. Grandstands Stadiums [BG] Assembly Group A-1. Group A occupancy includes assembly uses, usually with fixed seating, [BG] Associated with Group E occupancies. A room intended for the production and viewing of performing or space used for assembly purposes that is associated arts or motion pictures including, but not limited to: with a Group E occupancy is not considered a separate occupancy. Motion picture theaters Symphony and concert halls [BG] Small assembly spaces. The following rooms Television and radio studios admitting an audience and spaces shall not be classified as assembly Theaters occupancies: [BG] Assembly Group A-2. Group A-2 occupancy 1. A room or space used for assembly purposes includes assembly uses intended for food and/or drink with an occupant load of less than 50 persons consumption including, but not limited to: and accessory to another occupancy shall be Banquet halls 2021 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE® Casinos (gaming areas) Night clubs Telegram: EDUFIRE.IR Restaurants, cafeterias and similar dining facilities (including associated commercial kitchens) Taverns and bars 2-20 EDUFIRE.IR

classified as a Group B occupancy or as part of DEFINITIONS that occupancy. 2. A room or space used for assembly purposes [BG] Airport traffic control towers. Airport traffic that is less than 750 square feet (70 m2) in control towers shall comply with Section 412.2 of the area and accessory to another occupancy shall International Building Code. be classified as a Group B occupancy or as part of that occupancy. [BG] Ambulatory care facilities. Ambulatory care facilities shall comply with Section 422 of the Inter- [BG] Small buildings and tenant spaces. A building national Building Code. or tenant space used for assembly purposes with an occupant load of less than 50 persons shall be classi- [BG] Higher education laboratories. Higher educa- fied as a Group B occupancy. tion laboratories shall comply with Section 428 of the International Building Code. [BG] Special amusement areas. Special amusement areas shall comply with Section 411 of the Interna- [BG] Group E, Educational. Educational Group E occu- tional Building Code. pancy includes, among others, the use of a building or structure, or a portion thereof, by six or more persons at [BG] Group B, Business. Business Group B occupancy any one time for educational purposes through the 12th includes, among others, the use of a building or structure, grade. or a portion thereof, for office, professional or service-type transactions, including storage of records and accounts. [BG] Accessory to places of religious worship. Reli- Business occupancies shall include, but not be limited to, gious educational rooms and religious auditoriums, the following: which are accessory to places of religious worship in accordance with Section 303.1.4 of the International Airport traffic control towers Building Code and have occupant loads of less than Ambulatory care facilities 100 per room or space shall be classified as Group A-3 Animal hospitals, kennels and pounds occupancies. Banks Barber and beauty shops [BG] Group E, day care facilities. This group Car wash includes buildings and structures or portions thereof Civic administration occupied by more than five children older than 21/2 Clinic-outpatient years of age who receive educational, supervision or Dry cleaning and laundries: pick-up and delivery personal care services for less than 24 hours per day. stations and self-service [BG] Five or fewer children. A facility having five Educational occupancies for students above the 12th or fewer children receiving such care shall be classi- fied as part of the primary occupancy. grade, including higher education laboratories Electronic data processing [BG] Five or fewer children in a dwelling unit. A Food processing establishments and commercial kitch- facility such as the above within a dwelling unit and having five or fewer children receiving such care ens not associated with restaurants, cafeterias and shall be classified as a Group R-3 occupancy or shall similar dining facilities not more than 2,500 comply with the International Residential Code. square feet (232 m2) in area. Laboratories: testing and research [BG] Within places of worship. Rooms and spaces Motor vehicle showrooms within places of worship providing such care during Post offices religious functions shall be classified as part of the Print shops primary occupancy. Professional services (architects, attorneys, dentists, physicians, engineers, etc.) [BG] Storm shelters in Group E occupancies. Storm Radio and television stations shelters shall be provided for Group E occupancies Telephone exchanges where required by Section 423.4 of the International Training and skill development not in a school or Building Code. academic program (This shall include, but not be limited to, tutoring centers, martial arts studios, [BG] Group F, Factory Industrial. Factory Industrial gymnastics and similar uses regardless of the ages Group F occupancy includes, among others, the use of a served, and where not classified as a Group A building or structure, or a portion thereof, for assembling, occupancy). disassembling, fabricating, finishing, manufacturing, packaging, repair or processing operations that are not 2021 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE® classified as a Group H high-hazard or Group S storage occupancy. EDUFIRE.IR [BG] Factory Industrial F-1 Moderate-hazard occupancy. Factory industrial uses that are not classi- fied as Factory Industrial F-2 Low Hazard shall be classified as F-1 Moderate Hazard and shall include, but not be limited to, the following: Aircraft (manufacturing, not to include repair) Appliances 2-21 Telegram: EDUFIRE.IR

DEFINITIONS Wood; distillation Athletic equipment Woodworking (cabinet) Automobiles and other motor vehicles Bakeries [BG] Aircraft manufacturing facilities. Aircraft Beverages; over 16-percent alcohol content manufacturing facilities shall comply with Section Bicycles 412.6 of the International Building Code. Boats Brooms or brushes [BG] Factory Industrial F-2 Low-hazard Occu- Business machines pancy. Factory industrial uses involving the Cameras and photo equipment fabrication or manufacturing of noncombustible mate- Canvas or similar fabric rials that, during finishing, packaging or processing do Carpets and rugs (includes cleaning) not involve a significant fire hazard, shall be classified Clothing as Group F-2 occupancies and shall include, but not be Construction and agricultural machinery limited to, the following: Disinfectants Dry cleaning and dyeing Beverages; up to and including 16-percent alcohol Electric generation plants content Electronics Energy storage systems (ESS) in dedicated-use Brick and masonry buildings Ceramic products Engines (including rebuilding) Food processing and commercial kitchens not asso- Foundries ciated with restaurants, cafeterias and similar Glass products dining facilities more than 2,500 square feet (232 m2) in area. Gypsum Furniture Hemp products Ice Jute products Laundries Metal products (fabrication and assembly) Leather products Machinery Group H, High-hazard. High-hazard Group H occu- Metals pancy includes, among others, the use of a building or Millwork (sash and door) structure, or a portion thereof, that involves the manufac- Motion pictures and television filming (without turing, processing, generation or storage of materials that spectators) constitute a physical or health hazard in quantities in Musical instruments excess of those allowed in control areas complying with Optical goods Section 5003.8.3, based on the maximum allowable quan- Paper mills or products tity limits for control areas set forth in Tables 5003.1.1(1) Photographic film and 5003.1.1(2). Hazardous occupancies are classified in Plastic products Groups H-1, H-2, H-3, H-4 and H-5 and shall be in accor- Printing or publishing dance with this code and the requirements of Section 415 Refuse incineration of the International Building Code. Hazardous materials Shoes stored or used on top of roofs or canopies shall be classi- Soaps and detergents fied as outdoor storage or use and shall comply with this Textiles code. Tobacco Trailers High-hazard Group H-1. Buildings and structures Upholstering containing materials that pose a detonation hazard Water/sewer treatment facilities shall be classified as Group H-1. Such materials shall include, but not be limited to, the following: Detonable pyrophoric materials Explosives: Division 1.1 Division 1.2 Division 1.3 Division 1.4 Division 1.5 Division 1.6 Organic peroxides, unclassified detonable Oxidizers, Class 4 Unstable (reactive) materials, Class 3 detonable, and Class 4 2-22 2021 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE® EDUFIRE.IR Telegram: EDUFIRE.IR

High-hazard Group H-2. Buildings and structures DEFINITIONS containing materials that pose a deflagration hazard or a hazard from accelerated burning shall be classified as Unstable (reactive) materials, Class 2 Group H-2. Such materials shall include, but not be Water-reactive materials, Class 2 limited to, the following: High-hazard Group H-4. Buildings and structures Class I, II or IIIA flammable or combustible liquids containing materials that are health hazards shall be that are used or stored in normally open classified as Group H-4. Such materials shall include, containers or systems, or in closed containers but not be limited to, the following: or systems pressurized at more than 15 pounds per square inch gauge (103.4 kPa) Corrosives Highly toxic materials Combustible dusts where manufactured, generated Toxic materials or used in such a manner that the concentration and conditions create a fire or explosion hazard High-hazard Group H-5. Semiconductor fabrication based on information prepared in accordance facilities and comparable research and development with Section 414.1.3 of the International areas in which hazardous production materials (HPM) Building Code are used and the aggregate quantity of materials is in excess of those listed in Tables 5003.1.1(1) and Cryogenic fluids, flammable 5003.1.1(2) shall be classified as Group H-5. Such facilities and areas shall be designed and constructed Flammable gases in accordance with Section 415.11 of the International Building Code. Organic peroxides, Class I Multiple hazards. Buildings and structures containing Oxidizers, Class 3, that are used or stored in a material or materials representing hazards that are normally open containers or systems, or in classified in one or more of Groups H-1, H-2, H-3 and closed containers or systems pressurized at H-4 shall conform to the code requirements for each of more than 15 pounds per square inch gauge the occupancies so classified. (103.4 kPa) Occupancies containing explosives not classified as Pyrophoric liquids, solids and gases, nondetonable H-1. The following occupancies containing explosive materials shall be classified as follows: Unstable (reactive) materials, Class 3, nondetonable 1. Division 1.3 explosive materials that are used and maintained in a form where either confine- Water-reactive materials, Class 3 ment or configuration will not elevate the hazard from a mass fire hazard to mass explo- High-hazard Group H-3. Buildings and structures sion hazard shall be allowed in Group H-2 containing materials that readily support combustion occupancies. or that pose a physical hazard shall be classified as Group H-3. Such materials shall include, but not be 2. Articles, including articles packaged for ship- limited to, the following: ment, that are not regulated as a Division 1.4 explosive under Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Class I, II or IIIA flammable or combustible liquids Firearms and Explosives regulations, or that are used or stored in normally closed unpackaged articles used in process operations containers or systems pressurized at 15 pounds that do not propagate a detonation or deflagra- per square inch gauge (103.4 kPa) or less tion between articles shall be allowed in H-3 occupancies. Combustible fibers, other than densely packed baled cotton, where manufactured, generated Uses other than Group H. The storage, use or or used in such a manner that the concentration handling of hazardous materials as described in one or and conditions create a fire or explosion hazard more of the following items shall not cause the occu- based on information prepared in accordance pancy to be classified as Group H, but it shall be with Section 414.1.3 of the International classified as the occupancy that it most nearly Building Code resembles: Consumer fireworks, 1.4G (Class C, Common) 1. Buildings and structures occupied for the appli- cation of flammable finishes, provided that Cryogenic fluids, oxidizing such buildings or areas conform to the require- ments of Chapter 24 of this code and Section Flammable solids 416 of the International Building Code. Organic peroxides, Class II and III 2. Wholesale and retail sales and storage of flam- mable and combustible liquids in mercantile Oxidizers, Class 2 occupancies conforming to Chapter 57. Oxidizers, Class 3, that are used or stored in 2-23 normally closed containers or systems pressur- ized at 15 pounds per square inch gauge (103 Telegram: EDUFIRE.IR kPa) or less Oxidizing gases 2021 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE® EDUFIRE.IR

DEFINITIONS 19. The storage of beer, distilled spirits and wines in barrels and casks conforming to the require- 3. Closed piping system containing flammable or ments of this code. combustible liquids or gases utilized for the operation of machinery or equipment. [BG] Group I, Institutional. Institutional Group I occu- pancy includes, among others, the use of a building or 4. Cleaning establishments that utilize combusti- structure, or a portion thereof, in which care or supervision ble liquid solvents having a flash point of is provided to persons who are or are not capable of self- 140°F (60°C) or higher in closed systems preservation without physical assistance or in which employing equipment listed by an approved persons are detained for penal or correctional purposes or testing agency, provided that this occupancy is in which the liberty of the occupants is restricted. Institu- separated from all other areas of the building tional occupancies shall be classified as Group I-1, I-2, by 1-hour fire barriers in accordance with I-3 or I-4. Section 707 of the International Building Code or 1-hour horizontal assemblies in accordance [BG] Institutional Group I-1. Institutional Group I-1 with Section 711 of the International Building occupancy shall include buildings, structures or Code, or both. portions thereof for more than 16 persons, excluding staff, who reside on a 24-hour basis in a supervised 5. Cleaning establishments that utilize a liquid environment and receive custodial care. Buildings of solvent having a flash point at or above 200°F Group I-1 shall be classified as one of the occupancy (93°C). conditions indicated below and shall comply with Section 420 of the International Building Code. This 6. Liquor stores and distributors without bulk group shall include, but not be limited to, the storage. following: 7. Refrigeration systems. Alcohol and drug centers 8. The storage or utilization of materials for agri- Assisted living facilities cultural purposes on the premises. 9. Stationary storage battery systems installed in Congregate care facilities accordance with Section 1207. Group homes 10. Corrosive personal or household products in Halfway houses their original packaging used in retail display. 11. Commonly used corrosive building materials. Residential board and care facilities 12. Buildings and structures occupied for aerosol Residential board and custodial care facilities product storage, aerosol cooking spray prod- ucts or plastic aerosol 3 products shall be Social rehabilitation facilities classified as Group S-1, provided that such buildings conform to the requirements of [BG] Condition 1. This occupancy condition shall Chapter 51. include buildings in which all persons receiving 13. Display and storage of nonflammable solid and custodial care who, without any assistance, are capa- nonflammable or noncombustible liquid ble of responding to an emergency situation to hazardous materials in quantities not exceeding complete building evacuation. the maximum allowable quantity per control area in Group M or S occupancies complying [BG] Condition 2. This occupancy condition shall with Section 5003.8.3.5.1. include buildings in which there are any persons 14. The storage of black powder, smokeless receiving custodial care who require limited verbal propellant and small arms primers in Groups M or physical assistance while responding to an emer- and R-3 and special industrial explosive gency situation to complete building evacuation. devices in Groups B, F, M and S, provided that such storage conforms to the quantity limits [BG] Five or fewer persons receiving custodial and requirements of this code. care. A facility with five or fewer persons receiving 15. Stationary fuel cell power systems installed in custodial care shall be classified as Group R-3 or accordance with this code. shall comply with the International Residential 16. Capacitor energy storage systems in accor- Code provided that an automatic sprinkler system is dance with this code. installed in accordance with Section 903.3.1.3 or 17. Group B higher education laboratory occupan- with Section P2904 of the International Residential cies complying with Section 428 of the Code. International Building Code and Chapter 38 of this code. [BG] Six to 16 persons receiving custodial care. A 18. Distilling or brewing of beverages conforming facility housing not fewer than six and not more than to the requirements of this code. 16 persons receiving custodial care shall be classi- fied as Group R-4. 2-24 [BG] Institutional Group I-2. Institutional Group I-2 EDUFIRE.IR occupancy shall include buildings and structures used for medical care on a 24-hour basis for more than five persons who are not capable of self-preservation. This 2021 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE® Telegram: EDUFIRE.IR

group shall include, but not be limited to, the DEFINITIONS following: access or occupancy is permitted to the exterior via Foster care facilities means of egress without restraint. A Condition 1 facility is permitted to be constructed as Group R. Detoxification facilities [BG] Condition 2. This occupancy condition shall Hospitals include buildings in which free movement is allowed from sleeping areas and any other occupied Nursing homes smoke compartment to one or more other smoke compartments. Egress to the exterior is impeded by Psychiatric hospitals locked exits. [BG] Occupancy Conditions. Buildings of Group [BG] Condition 3. This occupancy condition shall I-2 shall be classified as one of the following occu- include buildings in which free movement is pancy conditions and shall comply with Section 407 allowed within individual smoke compartments, of the International Building Code: such as within a residential unit comprised of indi- vidual sleeping units and group activity spaces, [BG] Condition 1. This occupancy condition where egress is impeded by remote-controlled shall include facilities that provide nursing and release of means of egress from such smoke medical care but do not provide emergency care, compartment to another smoke compartment. surgery, obstetrics, or in-patient stabilization units for psychiatric or detoxification, including, [BG] Condition 4. This occupancy condition shall but not limited to, nursing homes and foster care include buildings in which free movement is facilities. restricted from an occupied space. Remote- controlled release is provided to permit movement [BG] Condition 2. This occupancy condition from sleeping units, activity spaces and other occu- shall include facilities that provide nursing and pied areas within the smoke compartment to other medical care and could provide emergency care, smoke compartments. surgery, obstetrics, or inpatient stabilization units for psychiatric or detoxification, including, [BG] Condition 5. This occupancy condition shall but not limited to, hospitals. include buildings in which free movement is restricted from an occupied space. Staff-controlled [BG] Five or fewer persons receiving medical manual release is provided to permit movement care. A facility with five or fewer persons receiving from sleeping units, activity spaces and other occu- medical care shall be classified as Group R-3 or pied areas within the smoke compartment to other shall comply with the International Residential smoke compartments. Code provided that an automatic sprinkler system is installed in accordance with Section 903.3.1.3 or [BG] Institutional Group I-4, day care facilities. with Section P2904 of the International Residential Institutional Group I-4 shall include buildings and Code. structures occupied by more than five persons of any age who receive custodial care for less than 24 hours [BG] Institutional Group I-3. Institutional Group I-3 by persons other than parents or guardians; relatives by occupancy shall include buildings and structures blood, marriage, or adoption; and in a place other than which are inhabited by more than five persons who are the home of the person cared for. This group shall under restraint or security. A Group I-3 facility is include, but not be limited to, the following: occupied by persons who are generally incapable of self-preservation due to security measures not under Adult day care the occupants’ control. This group shall include, but not be limited to, the following: Child day care Correctional centers [BG] Classification as Group E. A child day care facility that provides care for more than five but not Detention centers more than 100 children 21/2 years or less of age, where the rooms in which the children are cared for Jails are located on a level of exit discharge serving such rooms and each of these child care rooms has an exit Prerelease centers door directly to the exterior, shall be classified as Group E. Prisons [BG] Five or fewer occupants receiving care in a Reformatories dwelling unit. A facility such as the above within a dwelling unit and having five or fewer persons Buildings of Group I-3 shall be classified as one of receiving custodial care shall be classified as a the following occupancy conditions and shall comply Group R-3 occupancy or shall comply with the with Section 408 of the International Building Code: International Residential Code. [BG] Condition 1. This occupancy condition shall include buildings in which free movement is allowed from sleeping areas and other spaces where 2021 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE® 2-25 EDUFIRE.IR Telegram: EDUFIRE.IR

DEFINITIONS two dwelling units where the occupants are primarily permanent in nature, including: [BG] Five or fewer occupants receiving care. A facility having five or fewer persons receiving Apartment houses custodial care shall be classified as part of the Congregate living facilities (nontransient) with primary occupancy. more than 16 occupants [BG] Within a place of religious worship. Rooms Boarding houses (nontransient) and spaces within places of religious worship Convents providing such care during religious functions shall be classified as part of the primary occupancy. Dormitories Fraternities and sororities [BG] Group M, Mercantile. Mercantile Group M occu- Monasteries pancy includes, among others, the use of a building or Hotels (nontransient) structure or a portion thereof, for the display and sale of merchandise, and involves stocks of goods, wares or Live/work units merchandise incidental to such purposes and accessible to Motels (nontransient) the public. Mercantile occupancies shall include, but not Vacation timeshare properties be limited to, the following: [BG] Residential Group R-3. Residential Group R-3 Department stores occupancies where the occupants are primarily perma- Drug stores nent in nature and not classified as Group R-1, R-2, Greenhouses with public access that maintain plants R-4 or I, including: for display and sale Buildings that do not contain more than two dwell- Markets ing units Motor fuel-dispensing facilities Retail or wholesale stores Care facilities that provide accommodations for Sales rooms five or fewer persons receiving care [BG] Motor fuel-dispensing facilities. Motor fuel- Congregate living facilities (nontransient) with 16 dispensing facilities shall comply with Section 406.7 or fewer occupants of the International Building Code. Boarding houses (nontransient) Convents [BG] Quantity of hazardous materials. The aggre- Dormitories gate quantity of nonflammable solid and Fraternities and sororities nonflammable or noncombustible liquid hazardous Monasteries materials stored or displayed in a single control area of a Group M occupancy shall not exceed the quantities Congregate living facilities (transient) with 10 or in Table 5704.3.4.1. fewer occupants [BG] Group R, Residential. Residential Group R Boarding houses (transient) includes, among others, the use of a building or structure, Lodging houses (transient) with five or fewer guest- or a portion thereof, for sleeping purposes when not clas- sified as an Institutional Group I or when not regulated by rooms and 10 or fewer occupants the International Residential Code in accordance with Section 101.2 of the International Building Code. Group [BG] Care facilities within a dwelling. Care facil- R occupancies not constructed in accordance with the ities for five or fewer persons receiving care that are International Residential Code as permitted by Sections within a single-family dwelling are permitted to 310.4.1 and 310.4.2 of the International Building Code comply with the International Residential Code shall comply with Section 420 of the International Build- provided an automatic sprinkler system is installed ing Code. in accordance with Section 903.3.1.3 or Section P2904 of the International Residential Code. [BG] Residential Group R-1. Residential Group R-1 occupancies containing sleeping units where the occu- [BG] Lodging houses. Owner-occupied lodging pants are primarily transient in nature, including: houses with five or fewer guestrooms and 10 or fewer total occupants shall be permitted to be Boarding houses (transient) with more than 10 constructed in accordance with the International occupants Residential Code provided that an automatic sprin- kler system is installed in accordance with Section Congregate living facilities (transient) with more 903.3.1.3 or Section P2904 of the International than 10 occupants Residential Code. Hotels (transient) [BG] Residential Group R-4. Residential Group R-4 Motels (transient) shall include buildings, structures or portions thereof for more than five but not more than 16 persons, [BG] Residential Group R-2. Residential Group R-2 excluding staff, who reside on a 24-hour basis in a occupancies containing sleeping units or more than 2021 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE® 2-26 Telegram: EDUFIRE.IR EDUFIRE.IR

supervised residential environment and receive custo- DEFINITIONS dial care. Buildings of Group R-4 shall be classified as one of the occupancy conditions indicated below. This Grains group shall include, but not be limited to, the Horns and combs, other than celluloid following: Leather Linoleum Alcohol and drug centers Lumber Assisted living facilities Motor vehicle repair garages complying with the Congregate care facilities Group homes maximum allowable quantities of hazardous Halfway houses materials listed in Table 5003.1.1(1) (see Residential board and care facilities Section 406.8 of the International Building Social rehabilitation facilities Code) Photo engravings Group R-4 occupancies shall meet the require- Resilient flooring ments for construction as defined for Group R-3, Self-service storage facility (mini-storage) except as otherwise provided for in the International Silks Building Code. Soaps Sugar [BG] Condition 1. This occupancy condition shall Tires, bulk storage of Tobacco, cigars, cigarettes include buildings in which all persons receiving and snuff custodial care, without any assistance, are capable of Upholstery and mattresses responding to an emergency situation to complete Wax candles building evacuation. [BG] Aircraft hangars. Aircraft hangars used for storage or repair shall comply with Section 412.3 of [BG] Condition 2. This occupancy condition shall the International Building Code. include buildings in which there are any persons [BG] Motor vehicle repair garages. Motor vehicle receiving custodial care who require limited verbal repair garages shall comply with Section 406.8 of or physical assistance while responding to an emer- the International Building Code. gency situation to complete building evacuation. [BG] Group S-2 low-hazard storage. Storage Group S-2 occupancies include, among others, buildings used [BG] Group S, Storage. Storage Group S occupancy for the storage of noncombustible materials such as includes, among others, the use of a building or structure, products on wood pallets or in paper cartons with or or a portion thereof, for storage that is not classified as a without single thickness divisions; or in paper wrap- hazardous occupancy. pings. Such products are permitted to have a negligible amount of plastic trim, such as knobs, handles or film [BG] Group S-1 moderate-hazard storage. Storage wrapping. Storage uses shall include, but not be Group S-1 occupancies are buildings occupied for limited to, storage of the following: storage uses that are not classified as Group S-2, Asbestos including, but not limited to, storage of the following: Beverages up to and including 16-percent alcohol Cement in bags Aerosols, Levels 2 and 3 Chalk and crayons Aircraft hangar (storage and repair) Dairy products in nonwaxed coated paper Bags: cloth, burlap and paper containers Bamboos and rattan Dry cell batteries Baskets Electrical coils Belting: canvas and leather Electrical motors Beverages over 16-percent alcohol content Empty cans Books and paper in rolls or packs Food products Boots and shoes Foods in noncombustible containers Buttons, including cloth covered, pearl or bone Fresh fruits and vegetables in nonplastic trays or Cardboard and cardboard boxes containers Clothing, woolen wearing apparel Frozen foods Cordage Glass Dry boat storage (indoor) Furniture 2-27 Furs Glues, mucilage, pastes and size Telegram: EDUFIRE.IR 2021 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE® EDUFIRE.IR

DEFINITIONS Glass bottles, empty or filled with noncombustible Private garages liquids Retaining walls Gypsum board Sheds Inert pigments Stables Ivory Tanks Meats Towers Metal cabinets [BG] Private garages and carports. Private garages Metal desks with plastic tops and trim and carports shall comply with Section 406.3 of the International Building Code. Metal parts [BG] Residential aircraft hangars. Aircraft hangars Metals accessory to a one- or two-family residence shall comply with Section 412.4 of the International Build- Mirrors ing Code. Oil-filled and other types of distribution [BG] Greenhouses. Greenhouses not classified as transformers another occupancy shall be classified as Use Group U. Porcelain and pottery [BG] OCCUPANT LOAD. The number of persons for which the means of egress of a building or portion thereof is Public parking garages, open or enclosed designed. Stoves OPEN BURNING. The burning of materials wherein prod- ucts of combustion are emitted directly into the ambient air Talc and soapstones without passing through a stack or chimney from an enclosed chamber. Open burning does not include road flares, smudge- Washers and dryers pots and similar devices associated with safety or occupational uses typically considered open flames, recre- [BG] Public parking garages. Public parking ational fires or use of portable outdoor fireplaces. For the garages shall comply with Section 406.4 of the purpose of this definition, a chamber shall be regarded as International Building Code and the additional enclosed when, during the time combustion occurs, only requirements of Section 406.5 of the International apertures, ducts, stacks, flues or chimneys necessary to Building Code for open parking garages or Section provide combustion air and permit the escape of exhaust gas 406.6 of the International Building Code for are open. enclosed parking garages. OPEN MALL. See “Covered mall building.” [BG] Combustible storage. High-piled stock or rack storage, or attic, under-floor and concealed spaces OPEN MALL BUILDING. See “Covered mall building.” used for storage of combustible materials, shall be in accordance with Section 413 of the International [BG] OPEN PARKING GARAGE. A structure or portion Building Code. of a structure with the openings as described in Section 406.5.2 of the International Building Code on two or more [BG] Accessory storage spaces. A room or space sides that is used for the parking or storage of private motor used for storage purposes that is accessory to another vehicles as described in Section 406.5 of the International occupancy shall be classified as part of that Building Code. occupancy. OPEN SYSTEM. The use of a solid or liquid hazardous [BG] Group U, Miscellaneous. Buildings and structures material involving a vessel or system that is continuously of an accessory character and miscellaneous structures not open to the atmosphere during normal operations and where classified in any specific occupancy shall be constructed, vapors are liberated, or the product is exposed to the atmo- equipped and maintained to conform to the requirements sphere during normal operations. Examples of open systems of this code commensurate with the fire and life hazard for solids and liquids include dispensing from or into open incidental to their occupancy. Group U shall include, but beakers or containers, dip tank and plating tank operations. not be limited to, the following: OPEN-AIR ASSEMBLY SEATING. Seating served by Agricultural buildings means of egress that is not subject to smoke accumulation within or under a structure and is open to the atmosphere. Aircraft hangar, accessory to a one- or two-family resi- dence (see Section 412.4 of the International [BE] OPEN-ENDED CORRIDOR. An interior corridor Building Code) that is open on each end and connects to an exterior stairway or ramp at each end with no intervening doors or separation Barns from the corridor. Carports Communication equipment structures with a gross floor area of less than 1,500 square feet (139 m2) Fences more than 7 feet (2134 mm) in height Grain silos, accessory to a residential occupancy Livestock shelters 2-28 2021 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE® EDUFIRE.IR Telegram: EDUFIRE.IR

DEFINITIONS [BF] OPENING PROTECTIVE. A fire door assembly, fire and/or standing in locations that may obstruct or impede the shutter assembly, fire window assembly or glass-block use of aisles, passages, corridors, stairways, exits or other assembly in a fire-resistance-rated wall or partition. components of the means of egress. OPERATING BUILDING. A building occupied in [A] OWNER. Any person, agent, operator, entity, firm or conjunction with the manufacture, transportation or use of corporation having any legal or equitable interest in the prop- explosive materials. Operating buildings are separated from erty; or recorded in the official records of the state, county or one another with the use of intraplant or intraline distances. municipality as holding an interest or title to the property; or otherwise having possession or control of the property, OPERATING LINE. A group of buildings, facilities or including the guardian of the estate of any such person, and workstations so arranged as to permit performance of the the executor or administrator of the estate of such person if steps in the manufacture of an explosive or in the loading, ordered to take possession of real property by a court. assembly, modification and maintenance of ammunition or devices containing explosive materials. OXIDIZER. A material that readily yields oxygen or other oxidizing gas, or that readily reacts to promote or initiate OPERATING PRESSURE. The pressure at which a system combustion of combustible materials and, if heated or operates. contaminated, can result in vigorous self-sustained decomposition. ORGANIC COATING. A liquid mixture of binders such as alkyd, nitrocellulose, acrylic or oil, and flammable and Class 4. An oxidizer that can undergo an explosive reac- combustible solvents such as hydrocarbon, ester, ketone or tion due to contamination or exposure to thermal or alcohol, which, when spread in a thin film, convert to a dura- physical shock and that causes a severe increase in the ble protective and decorative finish. burning rate of combustible materials with which it comes into contact. Additionally, the oxidizer causes a severe ORGANIC PEROXIDE. An organic compound that increase in the burning rate and can cause spontaneous contains the bivalent -O-O- structure and which may be ignition of combustibles. considered to be a structural derivative of hydrogen peroxide where one or both of the hydrogen atoms have been replaced Class 3. An oxidizer that causes a severe increase in the by an organic radical. Organic peroxides can present an burning rate of combustible materials with which it comes explosion hazard (detonation or deflagration) or they can be in contact. shock sensitive. They can also decompose into various unsta- ble compounds over an extended period of time. Class 2. An oxidizer that will cause a moderate increase in the burning rate of combustible materials with which it Class I. Describes those formulations that are capable of comes in contact. deflagration but not detonation. Class 1. An oxidizer that does not moderately increase the Class II. Describes those formulations that burn very burning rate of combustible materials. rapidly and that pose a moderate reactivity hazard. OXIDIZING CRYOGENIC FLUID. An oxidizing gas in Class III. Describes those formulations that burn rapidly the cryogenic state. and that pose a moderate reactivity hazard. OXIDIZING GAS. A gas that can support and accelerate Class IV. Describes those formulations that burn in the combustion of other materials more than air does. same manner as ordinary combustibles and that pose a minimal reactivity hazard. OZONE-GAS GENERATOR. Equipment which causes the production of ozone. Class V. Describes those formulations that burn with less intensity than ordinary combustibles or do not sustain [BE] PANIC HARDWARE. A door-latching assembly combustion and that pose no reactivity hazard. incorporating a device that releases the latch upon the appli- cation of a force in the direction of egress travel. See also Unclassified detonable. Organic peroxides that are capa- “Fire exit hardware.” ble of detonation. These peroxides pose an extremely high-explosion hazard through rapid explosive PASSIVE RF EMITTING DEVICE. A device that does decomposition. not require an external AC or DC source of power for its oper- ation, and does not provide amplification of the RF signal, OUTDOOR ASSEMBLY EVENT. An outdoor gathering including but not limited to coax, couplers, splitters and of persons for any purpose. passive antennas. OUTDOOR CONTROL AREA. An outdoor area that PASS-THROUGH. An enclosure installed in a wall with a contains hazardous materials in amounts not exceeding the door on each side that allows chemicals, HPM, equipment, maximum allowable quantities of Table 5003.1.1(3) or Table and parts to be transferred from one side of the wall to the 5003.1.1(4). other. OUTPATIENT CLINIC. See “Clinic, outpatient.” [BG] PENTHOUSE. An enclosed, unoccupied rooftop structure used for sheltering mechanical and electrical equip- OVERCROWDING. A condition that exists when either ment, tanks, elevators and related machinery, and vertical there are more people in a building, structure or portion shaft openings. thereof than have been authorized or posted by the fire code official, or when the fire code official determines that a threat exists to the safety of the occupants due to persons sitting 2021 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE® 2-29 EDUFIRE.IR Telegram: EDUFIRE.IR

DEFINITIONS PERMISSIBLE EXPOSURE LIMIT (PEL). The maxi- PLACE OF RELIGIOUS WORSHIP. See “Religious mum permitted 8-hour time-weighted-average concentration worship, place of.” of an airborne contaminant. The exposure limits to be utilized are those published in DOL 29 CFR Part 1910.1000. The [M] PLENUM. An enclosed portion of the building struc- Recommended Exposure Limit (REL) concentrations ture, other than an occupiable space being conditioned, that is published by the US National Institute for Occupational designed to allow air movement and thereby serve as part of Safety and Health (NIOSH), Threshold Limit Value-Time an air distribution system. Weighted Average (TLV-TWA) concentrations published by the American Conference of Governmental Industrial PLOSOPHORIC MATERIAL. Two or more unmixed, Hygienists (ACGIH), Workplace Environmental Exposure commercially manufactured, prepackaged chemical Level (WEEL) Guides published by the American Industrial substances including oxidizers, flammable liquids or solids, Hygiene Association (AIHA), and other approved, consistent or similar substances that are not independently classified as measures are allowed as surrogates for hazardous substances explosives but which, when mixed or combined, form an not listed in DOL 29 CFR Part 1910.1000. explosive that is intended for blasting. [A] PERMIT. An official document or certificate issued by PLYWOOD AND VENEER MILLS. Facilities where raw the fire code official that authorizes performance of a speci- wood products are processed into finished wood products, fied activity. including waferboard, oriented strandboard, fiberboard, composite wood panels and plywood. [A] PERSON. An individual, heirs, executors, administra- tors or assigns, and also includes a firm, partnership or PORTABLE GENERATOR. A mobile internal combus- corporation, its or their successors or assigns, or the agent of tion engine-driven device that provides temporary electrical any of the aforesaid. power. This includes hand portable, wheeled, trailer mounted, and motor vehicle-mounted generator sets. It does [BG] PERSONAL CARE SERVICE. The care of persons not include generators in permanent, fixed installations. who do not require medical care. Personal care involves responsibility for the safety of the persons while inside the PORTABLE OUTDOOR FIREPLACE. A portable, building. outdoor, solid-fuel-burning fireplace that may be constructed of steel, concrete, clay or other noncombustible material. A PESTICIDE. A substance or mixture of substances, includ- portable outdoor fireplace may be open in design, or may be ing fungicides, intended for preventing, destroying, repelling equipped with a small hearth opening and a short chimney or or mitigating pests and substances or a mixture of substances chimney opening in the top. intended for use as a plant regulator, defoliant or desiccant. Products defined as drugs in the Federal Food, Drug and [BE] POWER-ASSISTED DOOR. Swinging door that Cosmetic Act are not pesticides. opens by reduced pushing or pulling force on the door-oper- ating hardware. The door closes automatically after the [BE] PHOTOLUMINESCENT. Having the property of pushing or pulling force is released, and functions with emitting light that continues for a length of time after exci- decreased forces. See also “Low energy power-operated tation by visible or invisible light has been removed. door” and “Power-operated door.” PHYSICAL HAZARD. A chemical for which there is POWERED INDUSTRIAL TRUCK. A forklift, tractor, evidence that it is a combustible liquid, cryogenic fluid, platform lift truck or motorized hand truck powered by an explosive, flammable (solid, liquid or gas), organic peroxide electrical motor or internal combustion engine. Powered (solid or liquid), oxidizer (solid or liquid), oxidizing gas, industrial trucks do not include farm vehicles or automotive pyrophoric (solid, liquid or gas), unstable (reactive) material vehicles for highway use. (solid, liquid or gas) or water-reactive material (solid or liquid). [BE] POWER-OPERATED DOOR. Swinging, sliding, or folding door that opens automatically when approached by a PHYSIOLOGICAL WARNING THRESHOLD. A pedestrian or opens automatically upon an action by a pedes- concentration of airborne contaminants, normally expressed trian. The door closes automatically and includes provisions in parts per million (ppm) or milligrams per cubic meter such as presence sensors to prevent entrapment. See also (mg/m3), that represents the concentration at which persons “Low energy power-operated door” and “Power-assisted can sense the presence of the contaminant due to odor, irrita- door.” tion or other quick-acting physiological responses. When used in conjunction with the permissible exposure limit PRESSURE VESSEL. A closed vessel designed to operate (PEL), the physiological warning threshold levels are those at pressures above 15 psig (103 kPa). consistent with the classification system used to establish the PEL. See the definition of “Permissible exposure limit PRIMARY CONTAINMENT. The first level of contain- (PEL).” ment, consisting of the inside portion of that container which comes into immediate contact on its inner surface with the PIER. A structure built over the water, supported by pillars material being contained. or piles, and used as a landing place, pleasure pavilion or similar purpose. 2-30 2021 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE® EDUFIRE.IR Telegram: EDUFIRE.IR

DEFINITIONS [BG] PRIVATE GARAGE. A building or portion of a QUANTITY-DISTANCE (Q-D). The quantity of explosive building in which motor vehicles used by the owner or material and separation distance relationships providing tenants of the building or buildings on the premises are stored protection. These relationships are based on levels of risk or kept, without provisions for repairing or servicing such considered acceptable for the stipulated exposures and are vehicles for profit. tabulated in the appropriate Q-D tables. The separation distances specified afford less than absolute safety: PROCESS TRANSFER. The transfer of flammable or combustible liquids between tank vehicles or tank cars and Inhabited building distance (IBD). The minimum sepa- process operations. Process operations may include contain- ration distance between an operating building or magazine ers, tanks, piping and equipment. containing explosive materials and an inhabited building or site boundary. PROPELLANT. The liquefied or compressed gas in an aerosol container that expels the contents from an aerosol Intermagazine distance (IMD). The minimum separa- container when the valve is actuated. A propellant is consid- tion distance between magazines. ered flammable if it forms a flammable mixture with air, or if a flame is self-propagating in a mixture with air. Intraline distance (ILD) or Intraplant distance (IPD). The distance to be maintained between any two operating PROXIMATE AUDIENCE. An audience closer to pyro- buildings on an explosives manufacturing site when at technic devices than allowed by NFPA 1123. least one contains or is designed to contain explosives, or the distance between a magazine and an operating [B] PSYCHIATRIC HOSPITALS. See “Hospitals and building. psychiatric hospitals.” RADIO FREQUENCY (RF). A measurement representing PUBLIC TRAFFIC ROUTE (PTR). Any public street, the oscillation rate of the electromagnetic radiation spectrum, road, highway, navigable stream or passenger railroad that is or electromagnetic radio waves, from public safety frequency used for through traffic by the general public. bands as specified by the fire code official. [A] PUBLIC WAY. A street, alley or other parcel of land RAILWAY. A steam, electric or other railroad or railway open to the outside air leading to a street, that has been that carriers passengers for hire. deeded, dedicated or otherwise permanently appropriated to the public for public use and which has a clear width and [BE] RAMP. A walking surface that has a running slope height of not less than 10 feet (3048 mm). steeper than 1 unit vertical in 20 units horizontal (5-percent slope). [BE] PUBLIC-USE AREAS. Interior or exterior rooms or spaces that are made available to the general public. RAMP, EXIT ACCESS. See “Exit access ramp.” PYROPHORIC. A chemical with an autoignition tempera- RAMP, EXTERIOR EXIT. See “Exterior exit ramp.” ture in air, at or below a temperature of 130°F (54°C). RAMP, INTERIOR EXIT. See “Interior exit ramp.” PYROTECHNIC ARTICLE. A pyrotechnic device for use in the entertainment industry, which is not classified as RAW PRODUCT. A mixture of natural materials such as fireworks. tree, brush trimmings, or waste logs and stumps. PYROTECHNIC COMPOSITION. A chemical mixture [M] READY ACCESS (TO). That which enables a device, that produces visible light displays or sounds through a self- appliance or equipment to be directly reached, without requir- propagating, heat-releasing chemical reaction which is initi- ing the removal or movement of any panel or similar ated by ignition. obstruction [see “Access (to)”]. PYROTECHNIC SPECIAL EFFECT. A visible or audi- READY BOX. A weather-resistant container with a self- ble effect for entertainment created through the use of closing or automatic-closing cover that protects fireworks pyrotechnic materials and devices. shells from burning debris. Tarpaulins shall not be considered as ready boxes. PYROTECHNIC SPECIAL-EFFECT MATERIAL. A chemical mixture used in the entertainment industry to [A] RECORD DRAWINGS. Drawings (“as builts”) that produce visible or audible effects by combustion, deflagra- document the location of all devices, appliances, wiring, tion or detonation. Such a chemical mixture predominantly sequences, wiring methods and connections of the compo- consists of solids capable of producing a controlled, self- nents of a fire alarm system as installed. sustaining and self-contained exothermic chemical reaction that results in heat, gas sound, light or a combination of these RECREATIONAL FIRE. An outdoor fire burning materi- effects. The chemical reaction functions without external als other than rubbish where the fuel being burned is not oxygen. contained in an incinerator, outdoor fireplace, portable outdoor fireplace, barbeque grill or barbeque pit and has a PYROTECHNICS. Controlled exothermic chemical reac- total fuel area of 3 feet (914 mm) or less in diameter and 2 feet tions timed to create the effects of heat, hot gas, sound, (610 mm) or less in height for pleasure, religious, ceremonial, dispersion of aerosols, emission of visible light or a combina- cooking, warmth or similar purposes. tion of such effects to achieve the maximum effect from the least volume of pyrotechnic composition. REDUCED FLOW VALVE. A valve equipped with a restricted flow orifice and inserted into a compressed gas cylinder, portable tank or stationary tank that is designed to reduce the maximum flow from the valve under full-flow 2021 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE® 2-31 EDUFIRE.IR Telegram: EDUFIRE.IR

DEFINITIONS conditions. The maximum flow rate from the valve is deter- RETAIL DISPLAY AREA. The area of a Group M occu- mined with the valve allowed to flow to atmosphere with no pancy open for the purpose of viewing or purchasing other piping or fittings attached. merchandise offered for sale. Individuals in such establish- ments are free to circulate among the items offered for sale REFINERY. A plant in which flammable or combustible which are typically displayed on shelves, racks or the floor. liquids are produced on a commercial scale from crude petro- leum, natural gasoline or other hydrocarbon sources. ROLL COATING. The process of coating, spreading and impregnating fabrics, paper or other materials as they are REFRIGERANT. The fluid used for heat transfer in a refrig- passed directly through a tank or trough containing flamma- eration system; the refrigerant absorbs heat and transfers it at ble or combustible liquids, or over the surface of a roller a higher temperature and a higher pressure, usually with a revolving partially submerged in a flammable or combustible change of state. liquid. [M] REFRIGERATING (REFRIGERATION) SYSTEM. RUBBISH (TRASH). Combustible and noncombustible A combination of interconnected refrigerant-containing parts waste materials, including residue from the burning of coal, constituting one closed refrigerant circuit in which a refriger- wood, coke or other combustible material, paper, rags, ant is circulated for the purpose of extracting heat. cartons, tin cans, metals, mineral matter, glass crockery, dust and discarded refrigerators, and heating, cooking or incinera- [A] REGISTERED DESIGN PROFESSIONAL. An archi- tor-type appliances. tect or engineer, registered or licensed to practice professional architecture or engineering, as defined by the SAFETY CAN. An approved container of not more than 5- statutory requirements of the professional registration laws of gallon (19 L) capacity having a spring-closing lid and spout the state in which the project is to be constructed. cover so designed that it will relieve internal pressure when subjected to fire exposure. [BG] RELIGIOUS WORSHIP, PLACE OF. A building or portion thereof intended for the performance of religious SAFETY DATA SHEET (SDS). Information concerning a services. hazardous material which is prepared in accordance with the provisions of DOL 29 CFR Part 1910.1200 or in accordance RELOCATABLE POWER TAP. A relocatable electrical with the provisions of a federally approved state OSHA plan. enclosure that provides one or more receptacle outlets and A document titled as a Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) is that is provided with an attached power supply cord and equivalent to an SDS for the purposes of this code. attachment plug for connection to a permanently installed receptacle outlet (also called a “multiplug adaptor”). [BE] SCISSOR STAIRWAY. Two interlocking stairways providing two separate paths of egress located within one exit REMOTE EMERGENCY SHUTOFF DEVICE. The enclosure. combination of an operator-carried signaling device and a mechanism on the tank vehicle. Activation of the remote SECONDARY CONTAINMENT. That level of contain- emergency shutoff device sends a signal to the tanker- ment that is external to and separate from primary mounted mechanism and causes fuel flow to cease. containment. REMOTE SOLVENT RESERVOIR. A liquid solvent SEED COTTON. See “Cotton.” container enclosed against evaporative losses to the atmo- sphere during periods when the container is not being SEGREGATED. Storage in the same room or inside area, utilized, except for a solvent return opening not larger than 16 but physically separated by distance from incompatible square inches (10 322 mm2). Such return allows pump-cycled materials. used solvent to drain back into the reservoir from a separate solvent sink or work area. [BF] SELF-CLOSING. As applied to a fire door or other opening, means equipped with an approved device that will REMOTELY LOCATED, MANUALLY ACTIVATED ensure closing after having been opened. SHUTDOWN CONTROL. A control system that is designed to initiate shutdown of the flow of gases or liquids [BE] SELF-LUMINOUS. Illuminated by a self-contained that is manually activated from a point located some distance power source, other than batteries, and operated inde- from the delivery system. pendently of external power sources. REPAIR GARAGE. A building, structure or portion thereof SELF-PRESERVATION, INCAPABLE OF. See “Incapa- used for servicing or repairing motor vehicles. ble of self-preservation.” RESIN APPLICATION AREA. An area where reinforced SELF-SERVICE MOTOR FUEL-DISPENSING FACIL- plastics are used to manufacture products by hand lay-up or ITY. That portion of motor fuel-dispensing facility where spray-fabrication methods. liquid motor fuels are dispensed from fixed approved dispensing equipment into the fuel tanks of motor vehicles by RESPONSIBLE PERSON. A person trained in the safety persons other than a motor fuel-dispensing facility attendant. and fire safety considerations concerned with hot work. Responsible for reviewing the sites prior to issuing permits as SEMICONDUCTOR FABRICATION FACILITY. A part of the hot work permit program and following up as the building or a portion of a building in which electrical circuits job progresses. or devices are created on solid crystalline substances having 2-32 2021 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE® EDUFIRE.IR Telegram: EDUFIRE.IR

DEFINITIONS electrical conductivity greater than insulators but less than [BG] SMOKE COMPARTMENT. A space within a build- conductors. These circuits or devices are commonly known ing enclosed by smoke barriers on all sides, including the top as semiconductors. and bottom. SERVICE CORRIDOR. A fully enclosed passage used for [BF] SMOKE DAMPER. A listed device installed in ducts transporting HPM and purposes other than required means of and air transfer openings designed to resist the passage of egress. smoke. The device is installed to operate automatically, controlled by a smoke detection system, and where required, SHELF STORAGE. Storage on shelves less than 30 inches is capable of being positioned from a fire command center. (762 mm) deep with the distance between shelves not exceed- ing 3 feet (914 mm) vertically. For other shelving SMOKE DETECTOR. A listed device that senses visible or arrangements, see the requirements for rack storage. invisible particles of combustion. SINGLE-STATION SMOKE ALARM. An assembly SMOKE PARTITION. A wall assembly that extends from incorporating the detector, the control equipment and the the top of the foundation or floor below to the underside of the alarm-sounding device in one unit, operated from a power floor or roof sheathing, deck or slab above or to the underside supply either in the unit or obtained at the point of of the ceiling above where the ceiling membrane is installation. constructed to limit the transfer of smoke. [BG] SITE. A parcel of land bounded by a lot line or a desig- [BG] SMOKE-DEVELOPED INDEX. A comparative nated portion of a public right-of-way. measure, expressed as a dimensionless number, derived from measurements of smoke obscuration versus time for a mate- SITE SAFETY PLAN. A plan developed to establish a fire rial tested in accordance with ASTM E84. prevention program at a construction site. SMOKELESS PROPELLANTS. Solid propellants, [BG] SITE-FABRICATED STRETCH SYSTEM. A commonly referred to as smokeless powders, used in small system, fabricated on site and intended for acoustical, tack- arms ammunition, cannons, rockets, propellant-actuated able or aesthetic purposes, that is composed of three devices and similar articles. elements: [BF] SMOKEPROOF ENCLOSURE. An interior exit 1. A frame constructed of plastic, wood, metal or other stairway designed and constructed so that the movement of material used to hold fabric in place. the products of combustion produced by a fire occurring in any part of the building into the enclosure is limited. 2. A core material (infill, with the correct properties for the application). [BE] SMOKE-PROTECTED ASSEMBLY SEATING. Seating served by means of egress that is not subject to smoke 3. An outside layer, comprised of a textile, fabric or accumulation within or under a structure for a specified vinyl, that is stretched taut and held in place by design time by means of passive design or by mechanical tension or mechanical fasteners via the frame. ventilation. SKY LANTERN. An unmanned device with a fuel source SOLID. A material that has a melting point and decomposes that incorporates an open flame in order to make the device or sublimes at a temperature greater than 68°F (20°C). airborne. SOLID BIOFUEL. Densified biomass made in the form of [BG] SLEEPING UNIT. A single unit providing rooms or cubiform, polyhedral, polyhydric or cylindrical units, spaces for one or more persons that includes permanent produced by compressing milled biomass. provisions for sleeping and can include provisions for living, eating and either sanitation or kitchen facilities but not both. SOLID BIOMASS FEEDSTOCK. The basic materials of Such rooms and spaces that are also part of a dwelling unit are which solid biofuel is composed, manufactured or made. not sleeping units. SOLID SHELVING. Shelving that is solid, slatted or of SMALL ARMS AMMUNITION. A shotgun, rifle or pistol other construction located in racks and which obstructs sprin- cartridge and any cartridge for propellant-actuated devices. kler discharge down into the racks. This definition does not include military ammunition contain- ing bursting charges or incendiary, trace, spotting or SOLVENT DISTILLATION UNIT. An appliance that pyrotechnic projectiles. receives contaminated flammable or combustible liquids and which distills the contents to remove contaminants and SMALL ARMS PRIMERS. Small percussion-sensitive recover the solvents. explosive charges, encased in a cap, used to ignite propellant powder. SOLVENT OR LIQUID CLASSIFICATIONS. A method for classifying solvents or liquids according to the following SMOKE ALARM. A single- or multiple-station alarm classes: responsive to smoke. See also “Single-station smoke alarm” and “Multiple-station smoke alarm.” Class I solvents. Liquids having a flash point below 100°F (38°C). [BF] SMOKE BARRIER. A continuous membrane, either vertical or horizontal, such as a wall, floor, or ceiling assem- Class II solvents. Liquids having a flash point at or above bly, that is designed and constructed to restrict the movement 100°F (38°C) and below 140°F (60°C). of smoke. 2021 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE® 2-33 EDUFIRE.IR Telegram: EDUFIRE.IR

DEFINITIONS Class IIIA solvents. Liquids having a flash point at or STANDBY POWER SYSTEM. A source of automatic elec- above 140°F (60°C) and below 200°F (93°C). tric power of a required capacity and duration to operate required building, hazardous materials or ventilation systems Class IIIB solvents. Liquids having a flash point at or in the event of a failure of the primary power. Standby power above 200°F (93°C). systems are required for electrical loads where interruption of the primary power could create hazards or hamper rescue or Class IV solvents. Liquids classified as nonflammable. fire-fighting operations. SPECIAL AMUSEMENT BUILDING. A building that is STANDPIPE, TYPES OF. Standpipe types are as follows: temporary, permanent or mobile that contains a device or system that conveys passengers or provides a walkway along, Automatic dry. A dry standpipe system, normally filled around or over a course in any direction as a form of amuse- with pressurized air, that is arranged through the use of a ment arranged so that the egress path is not readily apparent device, such as a dry pipe valve, to admit water into the due to visual or audio distractions or an intentionally system piping automatically upon the opening of a hose confounded egress path, or is not readily available because of valve. The water supply for an automatic dry standpipe the mode of conveyance through the building or structure. system shall be capable of supplying the system demand. [A] SPECIAL EXPERT. An individual who has demon- Automatic wet. A wet standpipe system that has a water strated qualifications in a specific area, outside the practice of supply that is capable of supplying the system demand architecture or engineering, through education, training and automatically. experience. Manual dry. A dry standpipe system that does not have a SPECIAL INDUSTRIAL EXPLOSIVE DEVICE. An permanent water supply attached to the system. Manual explosive power pack containing an explosive charge in the dry standpipe systems require water from a fire depart- form of a cartridge or construction device. The term includes ment pumper to be pumped into the system through the but is not limited to explosive rivets, explosive bolts, explo- fire department connection in order to supply the system sive charges for driving pins or studs, cartridges for demand. explosive-actuated power tools and charges of explosives used in automotive air bag inflators, jet tapping of open Manual wet. A wet standpipe system connected to a water hearth furnaces and jet perforation of oil well casings. supply for the purpose of maintaining water within the system but which does not have a water supply capable of SPRAY BOOTH. A mechanically ventilated appliance of delivering the system demand attached to the system. varying dimensions and construction provided to enclose or Manual wet standpipe systems require water from a fire accommodate a spraying operation and to confine and limit department pumper (or the like) to be pumped into the the escape of spray vapor and residue and to exhaust it safely. system in order to supply the system demand. SPRAY ROOM. A room designed to accommodate spraying Semiautomatic dry. A dry standpipe system that is operations, constructed in accordance with the International arranged through the use of a device, such as a deluge Building Code. valve, to admit water into the system piping upon activa- tion of a remote control device located at a hose SPRAYING SPACE. An area in which dangerous quantities connection. A remote control activation device shall be of flammable vapors or combustible residues, dusts or depos- provided at each hose connection. The water supply for a its are present due to the operation of spraying processes. The semiautomatic dry standpipe system shall be capable of fire code official is authorized to define the limits of the supplying the system demand. spraying space in any specific case. STANDPIPE SYSTEM, CLASSES OF. Standpipe system [BE] STAIR. A change in elevation, consisting of one or classes are as follows: more risers. Class I system. A system providing 21/2-inch (64 mm) [BE] STAIRWAY. One or more flights of stairs, either exte- hose connections to supply water for use by fire depart- rior or interior, with the necessary landings and platforms ments and those trained in handling heavy fire streams. connecting them, to form a continuous and uninterrupted passage from one level to another. Class II system. A system providing 11/2-inch (38 mm) hose stations to supply water for use primarily by the STAIRWAY, EXIT ACCESS. See “Exit access stairway.” building occupants or by the fire department during initial response. STAIRWAY, EXTERIOR EXIT. See “Exterior exit stairway.” Class III system. A system providing 11/2-inch (38 mm) hose stations to supply water for use by building occupants STAIRWAY, INTERIOR EXIT. See “Interior exit and 21/2-inch (64 mm) hose connections to supply a larger stairway.” volume of water for use by fire departments and those trained in handling heavy fire streams. STAIRWAY, SCISSOR. See “Scissor stairway.” STATIC PILES. Piles in which processed wood product or [BE] STAIRWAY, SPIRAL. A stairway having a closed solid biomass feedstock is mounded and is not being turned circular form in its plan view with uniform section-shaped or moved. treads attached to and radiating from a minimum-diameter supporting column. ¬ 2-34 2021 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE® EDUFIRE.IR Telegram: EDUFIRE.IR

DEFINITIONS STEEL. Hot- or cold-rolled as defined by the International TANK, MOTOR VEHICLE FUEL. A tank permanently Building Code. mounted on a motor vehicle to store a gas or liquid fuel that is used for propulsion. STORAGE, HAZARDOUS MATERIALS. The keeping, retention or leaving of hazardous materials in closed contain- TANK, PORTABLE. A packaging of more than 60-gallon ers, tanks, cylinders, or similar vessels; or vessels supplying (227 L) capacity and designed primarily to be loaded into or operations through closed connections to the vessel. on or temporarily attached to a transport vehicle or ship and equipped with skids, mountings or accessories to facilitate [BG] STORY. That portion of a building included between handling of the tank by mechanical means. It does not include the upper surface of a floor and the upper surface of the floor any cylinder having less than a 1,000-pound (454 kg) water or roof next above (see “Basement,” “Building height,” capacity, cargo tank, tank car tank or trailers carrying cylin- “Grade plane” and “Mezzanine”). A story is measured as the ders of more than 1,000-pound (454 kg) water capacity. vertical distance from top to top of two successive tiers of beams or finished floor surfaces and, for the topmost story, TANK, PRIMARY. A listed atmospheric tank used to store from the top of the floor finish to the top of the ceiling joists liquid. See “Primary containment.” or, where there is not a ceiling, to the top of the roof rafters. TANK, PROTECTED ABOVE GROUND. A tank listed [BG] STORY ABOVE GRADE PLANE. Any story having in accordance with UL 2085 consisting of a primary tank its finished floor surface entirely above grade plane, or in provided with protection from physical damage and fire- which the finished surface of the floor next above is: resistive protection from a high-intensity liquid pool fire exposure. The tank may provide protection elements as a unit 1. More than 6 feet (1829 mm) above grade plane; or or may be an assembly of components, or a combination thereof. 2. More than 12 feet (3658 mm) above the finished ground level at any point. TANK, STATIONARY. Packaging designed primarily for stationary installations not intended for loading, unloading or SUBORDINATE (FIRE PROTECTION AND LIFE attachment to a transport vehicle as part of its normal opera- SAFETY SYSTEM). A system that is activated by another tion in the process of use. It does not include cylinders having fire protection or life safety system. For example, where a fire less than a 1,000-pound (454 kg) water capacity. alarm system activates a smoke removal or elevator recall system, the smoke removal or elevator recall system is TANK VEHICLE. A vehicle other than a railroad tank car considered to be “subordinate” to the fire alarm system. or boat, with a cargo tank mounted thereon or built as an inte- gral part thereof, used for the transportation of flammable or SUPERVISING STATION. A facility that receives signals combustible liquids, LP-gas or hazardous chemicals. Tank and at which personnel are in attendance at all times to vehicles include self-propelled vehicles and full trailers and respond to these signals. semitrailers, with or without motive power, and carrying part or all of the load. SUPERVISORY SERVICE. The service required to moni- tor performance of guard tours and the operative condition of TEMPORARY SPECIAL EVENT STRUCTURE. Any fire protection systems or other systems for the protection of temporary ground-supported structure, platform, stage, stage life and property. scaffolding or rigging, canopy, tower supporting audio or visual effects equipment or similar structures not regulated SUPERVISORY SIGNAL. A signal indicating the need of within the scope of the International Building Code. action in connection with the supervision of guard tours, the fire protection systems or equipment, or the maintenance TENT. A structure, enclosure, umbrella structure or shelter, features of related systems. with or without sidewalls or drops, constructed of fabric or pliable material supported in any manner except by air or the SUPERVISORY SIGNAL-INITIATING DEVICE. An contents it protects (see “Umbrella structure”). initiating device such as a valve supervisory switch, water level indicator, or low-air pressure switch on a dry-pipe sprin- THEFT RESISTANT. Construction designed to deter ille- kler system whose change of state signals an off-normal gal entry into facilities for the storage of explosive materials. condition and its restoration to normal of a fire protection or life safety system; or a need for action in connection with [BF] THROUGH-PENETRATION FIRESTOP guard tours, fire protection systems or equipment, or mainte- SYSTEM. An assemblage consisting of a fire-resistance- nance features of related systems. rated floor, floor-ceiling or wall assembly, one or more pene- trating items passing through the breaches in both sides of the SYSTEM. An assembly of equipment consisting of a tank, assembly and the materials or devices, or both, installed to container or containers, appurtenances, pumps, compressors resist the spread of fire through the assembly for a prescribed and connecting piping. period of time. TANK. A vessel containing more than 60 gallons (227 L). TIMBER AND LUMBER PRODUCTION FACILITIES. Facilities where raw wood products are processed into TANK, ATMOSPHERIC. A storage tank designed to oper- finished wood products. ate at pressures from atmospheric through 1.0 pound per square inch gauge (760 mm Hg through 812 mm Hg) TIRES, BULK STORAGE OF. Storage of tires where the measured at the top of the tank. area available for storage exceeds 20,000 cubic feet (566 m3). 2021 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE® 2-35 EDUFIRE.IR Telegram: EDUFIRE.IR

DEFINITIONS TOOL. A device, storage container, workstation or process TWENTY-FOUR-HOUR BASIS. See “24-hour basis” machine used in a fabrication area. before the “A” entries. TORCH-APPLIED ROOF SYSTEM. Bituminous roofing UMBRELLA STRUCTURE. A structure, enclosure or systems using membranes that are adhered by heating with a shelter with or without sidewalls or drops, constructed of torch and melting asphalt back coating instead of mopping fabric or pliable material supported by a central pole or poles hot asphalt for adhesion. (see “Tent”). [A] TOWNHOUSE. A single-family dwelling unit UNAUTHORIZED DISCHARGE. A release or emission constructed in a group of three or more attached units in of materials in a manner which does not conform to the provi- which each unit extends from the foundation to roof and with sions of this code or applicable public health and safety open space on not less than two sides. regulations. TOXIC. A chemical falling within any of the following UNSTABLE (REACTIVE) MATERIAL. A material, categories: other than an explosive, which in the pure state or as commer- cially produced, will vigorously polymerize, decompose, 1. A chemical that has a median lethal dose (LD50) of condense or become self-reactive and undergo other violent more than 50 milligrams per kilogram, but not more chemical changes, including explosion, when exposed to than 500 milligrams per kilogram of body weight heat, friction or shock, or in the absence of an inhibitor, or in when administered orally to albino rats weighing the presence of contaminants, or in contact with incompatible between 200 and 300 grams each. materials. Unstable (reactive) materials are subdivided as follows: 2. A chemical that has a median lethal dose (LD50) of more than 200 milligrams per kilogram but not more Class 4. Materials that in themselves are readily capable of than 1,000 milligrams per kilogram of body weight detonation or explosive decomposition or explosive reac- when administered by continuous contact for 24 tion at normal temperature and pressure. This class hours (or less if death occurs within 24 hours) with includes materials that are sensitive to mechanical or the bare skin of albino rabbits weighing between 2 localized thermal shock at normal temperature and and 3 kilograms each. pressure. 3. A chemical that has a median lethal concentration Class 3. Materials that in themselves are capable of deto- (LC50) in air of more than 200 parts per million but nation or of explosive decomposition or explosive not more than 2,000 parts per million by volume of reaction but which require a strong initiating source or gas or vapor, or more than 2 milligrams per liter but which must be heated under confinement before initiation. not more than 20 milligrams per liter of mist, fume or This class includes materials that are sensitive to thermal dust, when administered by continuous inhalation for or mechanical shock at elevated temperatures and 1 hour (or less if death occurs within 1 hour) to pressures. albino rats weighing between 200 and 300 grams each. Class 2. Materials that in themselves are normally unsta- ble and readily undergo violent chemical change but do TRAFFIC CALMING DEVICES. Traffic calming devices not detonate. This class includes materials that can are design elements of fire apparatus access roads such as undergo chemical change with rapid release of energy at street alignment, installation of barriers, and other physical normal temperature and pressure, and that can undergo measures intended to reduce traffic and cut-through volumes, violent chemical change at elevated temperature and and slow vehicle speeds. pressure. [BG] TRANSIENT. Occupancy of a dwelling unit or sleep- Class 1. Materials that in themselves are normally stable ing unit for not more than 30 days. but which can become unstable at elevated temperature and pressure. [BG] TRANSIENT AIRCRAFT. Aircraft based at another location and that is at the transient location for not more than UNWANTED FIRE. A fire not used for cooking, heating or 90 days. recreational purposes or one not incidental to the normal operations of the property. TRANSVERSE FLUE SPACE. See “Flue spaces— Transverse.” USE (MATERIAL). Placing a material into action, includ- ing solids, liquids and gases. TRASH. See “Rubbish (trash).” VAPOR PRESSURE. The pressure exerted by a volatile TROUBLE SIGNAL. A signal initiated by the fire alarm fluid as determined in accordance with ASTM D323. system or device indicative of a fault in a monitored circuit or component. [M] VENTILATION. The natural or mechanical process of supplying conditioned or unconditioned air to, or removing TUBE TRAILER. A semitrailer on which a number of tubu- such air from, any space. lar gas cylinders have been mounted. A manifold is typically provided that connects the cylinder valves enabling gas to be VESSEL. A motorized watercraft, other than a seaplane on discharged from one or more tubes or cylinders through a the water, used or capable of being used as a means of trans- piping and control system. portation. Nontransportation vessels, such as houseboats and boathouses, are included in this definition. 2-36 2021 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE® EDUFIRE.IR Telegram: EDUFIRE.IR

DEFINITIONS VISIBLE ALARM NOTIFICATION APPLIANCE. A ZONE, NOTIFICATION. An area within a building or notification appliance that alerts by the sense of sight. facility covered by notification appliances which are acti- vated simultaneously. WATER MIST SYSTEM, AUTOMATIC. See “Automatic water mist system.” WATER-REACTIVE MATERIAL. A material that explodes; violently reacts; produces flammable, toxic or other hazardous gases; or evolves enough heat to cause auto- ignition or ignition of combustibles upon exposure to water or moisture. Water-reactive materials are subdivided as follows: Class 3. Materials that react explosively with water with- out requiring heat or confinement. Class 2. Materials that react violently with water or have the ability to boil water. Materials that produce flammable, toxic or other hazardous gases, or evolve enough heat to cause autoignition or ignition of combustibles upon expo- sure to water or moisture. Class 1. Materials that react with water with some release of energy, but not violently. WET FUELING. See “Mobile fueling.” WET HOSING. See “Mobile fueling.” WET-CHEMICAL EXTINGUISHING AGENT. A solu- tion of water and potassium-carbonate-based chemical, potassium-acetate-based chemical or a combination thereof, forming an extinguishing agent. WHARF. A structure or bulkhead constructed of wood, stone, concrete or similar material built at the shore of a harbor, lake or river for vessels to lie alongside of, and to anchor piers or floats. WILDFIRE RISK AREA. Land that is covered with grass, grain, brush or forest, whether privately or publicly owned, which is so situated or is of such inaccessible location that a fire originating upon it would present an abnormally difficult job of suppression or would result in great or unusual damage through fire or such areas designated by the fire code official. [BE] WINDER. A tread with nonparallel edges. WIRELESS PROTECTION SYSTEM. A system or a part of a system that can transmit and receive signals without the aid of wire. WORKSTATION. A defined space or an independent prin- cipal piece of equipment using HPM within a fabrication area where a specific function, laboratory procedure or research activity occurs. Approved or listed hazardous mate- rials storage cabinets, flammable liquid storage cabinets or gas cabinets serving a workstation are included as part of the workstation. A workstation is allowed to contain ventilation equipment, fire protection devices, detection devices, electri- cal devices and other processing and scientific equipment. [BG] YARD. An open space, other than a court, unob- structed from the ground to the sky, except where specifically provided by the International Building Code, on the lot on which a building is situated. ZONE. A defined area within the protected premises. A zone can define an area from which a signal can be received, an area to which a signal can be sent or an area in which a form of control can be executed. 2021 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE® 2-37 EDUFIRE.IR Telegram: EDUFIRE.IR

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Part II—General Safety Provisions CHAPTER 3 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS User note: About this chapter: Chapter 3 provides general requirements for asphalt kettles, combustible waste material, ignition sources, motion picture projection rooms and film, open burning, recreational fires, portable outdoor fireplaces, open flames, powered industrial trucks and equipment, smoking, vacant premises, vehicle impact protection, fueled equipment, indoor displays, general storage, outdoor pallet stor- age, hazards to fire fighters, landscaped roofs, laundry carts, mobile food preparation vehicles, additive manufacturing (3D printing) and artificial combustible vegetation. These are intended to improve premises safety for everyone, including construction workers, tenants, operations and maintenance personnel, and emergency response personnel. SECTION 301 combustible building surface or any building opening and GENERAL within a controlled area identified by the use of traffic cones, barriers or other approved means. Asphalt (tar) kettles and 301.1 Scope. The provisions of this chapter shall govern the pots shall not be utilized inside or on the roof of a building or occupancy and maintenance of all structures and premises structure. Roofing kettles and operating asphalt (tar) kettles for precautions against fire and the spread of fire and general shall not block means of egress, gates, roadways or requirements of fire safety. entrances. 301.2 Permits. Permits shall be required as set forth in Section 105.5 for the activities or uses regulated by Sections 303.3 Location of fuel containers. Fuel containers shall be 306, 307, 308, 315 and 320. located not less than 10 feet (3048 mm) from the burner. SECTION 302 Exception: Containers properly insulated from heat or DEFINITIONS flame are allowed to be within 2 feet (610 mm) of the 302.1 Definitions. The following terms are defined in Chap- burner. ter 2: 3D PRINTER. 303.4 Attendant. An operating kettle shall be attended by ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING. not less than one employee knowledgeable of the operations BONFIRE. and hazards. The employee shall be within 100 feet (30 480 HI-BOY. mm) of the kettle and have the kettle within sight. Ladders or HIGH-VOLTAGE TRANSMISSION LINE. similar obstacles shall not form a part of the route between OPEN BURNING. the attendant and the kettle. PORTABLE OUTDOOR FIREPLACE. POWERED INDUSTRIAL TRUCK. 303.5 Fire extinguishers. There shall be a portable fire RECREATIONAL FIRE. extinguisher complying with Section 906 and with a mini- SKY LANTERN. mum 40-B:C rating within 25 feet (7620 mm) of each asphalt (tar) kettle during the period such kettle is being SECTION 303 utilized. Additionally, there shall be one portable fire extin- ASPHALT KETTLES guisher with a minimum 3-A:40-B:C rating on the roof being 303.1 Transporting. Asphalt (tar) kettles shall not be trans- covered. ported over any highway, road or street when the heat source for the kettle is operating. 303.6 Lids. Asphalt (tar) kettles shall be equipped with tight- Exception: Asphalt (tar) kettles in the process of patch- fitting lids. ing road surfaces. 303.2 Location. Asphalt (tar) kettles shall not be located 303.7 Hi-boys. Hi-boys shall be constructed of noncombus- within 20 feet (6096 mm) of any combustible material, tible materials. Hi-boys shall be limited to a capacity of 55 gallons (208 L). Fuel sources or heating elements shall not be allowed as part of a hi-boy. 303.8 Roofing kettles. Roofing kettles shall be constructed of noncombustible materials. 303.9 Fuel containers under air pressure. Fuel containers that operate under air pressure shall not exceed 20 gallons (76 L) in capacity and shall be approved. 2021 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE® 3-1 EDUFIRE.IR Telegram: EDUFIRE.IR

GENERAL REQUIREMENTS SECTION 304 combustible walls, openings or combustible roof eave lines. COMBUSTIBLE WASTE MATERIAL Exceptions: 304.1 Waste accumulation prohibited. Combustible waste material creating a fire hazard shall not be allowed to accu- 1. Dumpsters or containers that are placed inside mulate in buildings or structures or upon premises. buildings in areas protected by an approved automatic sprinkler system installed through- 304.1.1 Waste material. Accumulations of wastepaper, out in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1, wood, hay, straw, weeds, litter or combustible or flamma- 903.3.1.2 or 903.3.1.3. ble waste or rubbish of any type shall not be permitted to remain on a roof or in any court, yard, vacant lot, alley, 2. Storage in a structure shall not be prohibited parking lot, open space, or beneath a grandstand, where the structure is of Type I or IIA bleacher, pier, wharf, manufactured home, recreational construction, located not less than 10 feet vehicle or other similar structure. (3048 mm) from other buildings and used exclusively for dumpster or container storage. 304.1.2 Vegetation. Weeds, grass, vines or other growth that is capable of being ignited and endangering property, 3. Dumpsters or containers that are located adja- shall be cut down and removed by the owner or occupant cent to buildings where the exterior area is of the premises. Vegetation clearance requirements in protected by an approved automatic sprinkler wildland-urban interface areas shall be in accordance system. with the International Wildland-Urban Interface Code. 304.3.4 Capacity of 1 cubic yard or more. Dumpsters 304.1.3 Space underneath seats. Spaces underneath with an individual capacity of 1.0 cubic yard [200 gallons grandstand and bleacher seats shall be kept free from (0.76 m3)] or more shall not be stored in buildings or combustible and flammable materials. Except where placed within 5 feet (1524 mm) of combustible walls, enclosed in not less than 1-hour fire-resistance-rated openings or combustible roof eave lines unless the dump- construction in accordance with the International Build- sters are constructed of noncombustible materials or of ing Code. combustible materials with a peak rate of heat release not exceeding 300 kW/m2 where tested in accordance with 304.1.3.1 Spaces underneath grandstands and ASTM E1354 at an incident heat flux of 50 kW/m2 in the bleachers. Spaces underneath grandstands and bleach- horizontal orientation. ers shall not be occupied or utilized for purposes other than means of egress except where equipped with an Exceptions: automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Section 903.2.1.5.1, or separated with fire barriers and hori- 1. Dumpsters in areas protected by an approved zontal assemblies in accordance with Section automatic sprinkler system installed through- 1030.1.1.1. out in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1, 903.3.1.2 or 903.3.1.3. 304.2 Storage. Storage of combustible rubbish shall not produce conditions that will create a nuisance or a hazard to 2. Storage in a structure shall not be prohibited the public health, safety or welfare. where the structure is of Type I or IIA construction, located not less than 10 feet 304.3 Containers. Combustible rubbish and waste material (3048 mm) from other buildings and used kept within or near a structure shall be stored in accordance exclusively for dumpster or container storage. with Sections 304.3.1 through 304.3.4. SECTION 305 304.3.1 Spontaneous ignition. Materials susceptible to IGNITION SOURCES spontaneous ignition, such as oily rags, shall be stored in a listed disposal container. Contents of such containers 305.1 Clearance from ignition sources. Clearance between shall be removed and disposed of daily. ignition sources, such as luminaires, heaters, flame-produc- ing devices and combustible materials, shall be maintained 304.3.2 Capacity exceeding 5.33 cubic feet. Containers in an approved manner. with a capacity exceeding 5.33 cubic feet (40 gallons) (0.15 m3) shall be provided with lids. Containers and lids 305.2 Hot ashes and spontaneous ignition sources. Hot shall be constructed of noncombustible materials or of ashes, cinders, smoldering coals or greasy or oily materials combustible materials with a peak rate of heat release not subject to spontaneous ignition shall not be deposited in a exceeding 300 kW/m2 where tested in accordance with combustible receptacle, within 10 feet (3048 mm) of other ASTM E1354 at an incident heat flux of 50 kW/m2 in the combustible material including combustible walls and parti- horizontal orientation. tions or within 2 feet (610 mm) of openings to buildings. Exception: Wastebaskets complying with Section Exception: The minimum required separation distance to 808. other combustible materials shall be 2 feet (610 mm) where the material is deposited in a covered, noncombus- 304.3.3 Capacity exceeding 1.5 cubic yards. Dumpsters tible receptacle placed on a noncombustible floor, ground and containers with an individual capacity of 1.5 cubic surface or stand. yards [40.5 cubic feet (1.15 m3)] or more shall not be stored in buildings or placed within 5 feet (1524 mm) of 3-2 2021 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE® EDUFIRE.IR Telegram: EDUFIRE.IR

GENERAL REQUIREMENTS 305.3 Open-flame warning devices. Open-flame warning 307.4 Location. The location for open burning shall be not devices shall not be used along an excavation, road, or any less than 50 feet (15 240 mm) from any structure, and provi- place where the dislodgment of such device might permit the sions shall be made to prevent the fire from spreading to device to roll, fall or slide on to any area or land containing within 50 feet (15 240 mm) of any structure. combustible material. Exceptions: 305.4 Deliberate or negligent burning. It shall be unlawful to deliberately or through negligence set fire to or cause the 1. Fires in approved containers that are not less than burning of combustible material in such a manner as to 15 feet (4572 mm) from a structure. endanger the safety of persons or property. 2. The minimum required distance from a structure 305.5 Unwanted fire ignitions. Acts or processes that have shall be 25 feet (7620 mm) where the pile size is 3 caused repeated ignition of unwanted fires shall be modified feet (914 mm) or less in diameter and 2 feet (610 to prevent future ignition. mm) or less in height. SECTION 306 307.4.1 Bonfires. A bonfire shall not be conducted within MOTION PICTURE PROJECTION 50 feet (15 240 mm) of a structure or combustible mate- rial unless the fire is contained in a barbecue pit. ROOMS AND FILM Conditions that could cause a fire to spread within 50 feet (15 240 mm) of a structure shall be eliminated prior to 306.1 Motion picture projection rooms. Electric arc, ignition. xenon or other light source projection equipment that devel- ops hazardous gases, dust or radiation and the projection of 307.4.2 Recreational fires. Recreational fires shall not ribbon-type cellulose nitrate film, regardless of the light be conducted within 25 feet (7620 mm) of a structure or source used in projection, shall be operated within a motion combustible material. Conditions that could cause a fire picture projection room complying with Section 409 of the to spread within 25 feet (7620 mm) of a structure shall be International Building Code. eliminated prior to ignition. 306.2 Cellulose nitrate film storage. Storage of cellulose 307.4.3 Portable outdoor fireplaces. Portable outdoor nitrate film shall be in accordance with NFPA 40. fireplaces shall be used in accordance with the manufac- turer’s instructions and shall not be operated within 15 SECTION 307 feet (3048 mm) of a structure or combustible material. OPEN BURNING, RECREATIONAL FIRES AND Exception: Portable outdoor fireplaces used at one- PORTABLE OUTDOOR FIREPLACES and two-family dwellings. 307.1 General. A person shall not kindle or maintain or 307.5 Attendance. Open burning, bonfires, recreational authorize to be kindled or maintained any open burning fires and use of portable outdoor fireplaces shall be unless conducted and approved in accordance with Sections constantly attended until the fire is extinguished. Not fewer 307.1.1 through 307.5. than one portable fire extinguisher complying with Section 906 with a minimum 4-A rating or other approved on-site 307.1.1 Prohibited open burning. Open burning shall be fire-extinguishing equipment, such as dirt, sand, water prohibited when atmospheric conditions or local circum- barrel, garden hose or water truck, shall be available for stances make such fires hazardous. immediate utilization. Exception: Prescribed burning for the purpose of SECTION 308 reducing the impact of wildland fire when authorized OPEN FLAMES by the fire code official. 308.1 General. Open flame, fire and burning on all premises 307.2 Permit required. A permit shall be obtained from the shall be in accordance with Sections 308.1.1 through 308.4.1 fire code official in accordance with Section 105.5 prior to and with other applicable sections of this code. kindling a fire for recognized silvicultural or range or wild- life management practices, prevention or control of disease 308.1.1 Where prohibited. A person shall not take or or pests, or a bonfire. Application for such approval shall utilize an open flame or light in a structure, vessel, boat only be presented by and permits issued to the owner of the or other place where highly flammable, combustible or land on which the fire is to be kindled. explosive material is utilized or stored. Lighting appli- ances shall be well-secured in a glass globe and wire 307.2.1 Authorization. Where required by state or local mesh cage or a similar approved device. law or regulations, open burning shall only be permitted with prior approval from the state or local air and water 308.1.2 Throwing or placing sources of ignition. A quality management authority, provided that all condi- person shall not throw or place, or cause to be thrown or tions specified in the authorization are followed. placed, a lighted match, cigar, cigarette, matches, or other flaming or glowing substance or object on any surface or 307.3 Extinguishment authority. Where open burning article where it can cause an unwanted fire. creates or adds to a hazardous situation, or a required permit for open burning has not been obtained, the fire code official 308.1.3 Torches for removing paint. A person utilizing is authorized to order the extinguishment of the open burn- a torch or other flame-producing device for removing ing operation. paint from a structure shall provide not less than one 2021 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE® 3-3 EDUFIRE.IR Telegram: EDUFIRE.IR

GENERAL REQUIREMENTS portable fire extinguisher complying with Section 906 308.1.7 Religious ceremonies. Where, in the opinion of and with a minimum 4-A rating, two portable fire extin- the fire code official, adequate safeguards have been guishers, each with a minimum 2-A rating, or a water taken, participants in religious ceremonies are allowed to hose connected to the water supply on the premises where carry hand-held candles. Hand-held candles shall not be such burning is done. The person doing the burning shall passed from one person to another while lighted. remain on the premises 1 hour after the torch or flame- producing device is utilized. 308.1.7.1 Aisles and exits. Candles shall be prohibited in areas where occupants stand, or in an aisle or exit. 308.1.4 Open-flame cooking devices. Charcoal burners and other open-flame cooking devices shall not be oper- 308.1.8 Flaming food and beverage preparation. The ated on combustible balconies or within 10 feet (3048 preparation of flaming foods or beverages in places of mm) of combustible construction. assembly and drinking or dining establishments shall be in accordance with Sections 308.1.8.1 through 308.1.8.5. Exceptions: 308.1.8.1 Dispensing. Flammable or combustible 1. One- and two-family dwellings. liquids used in the preparation of flaming foods or beverages shall be dispensed from one of the 2. Where buildings, balconies and decks are following: protected by an automatic sprinkler system. 1. A 1-ounce (29.6 ml) container. 3. LP-gas cooking devices having LP-gas 2. A container not exceeding 1-quart (946.5 ml) container with a water capacity not greater than 21/2 pounds [nominal 1 pound (0.454 kg) LP- capacity with a controlled pouring device that gas capacity]. will limit the flow to a 1-ounce (29.6 ml) serving. 308.1.5 Location near combustibles. Open flames such as from candles, lanterns, kerosene heaters and gas-fired 308.1.8.2 Containers not in use. Containers shall be heaters shall not be located on or near decorative material secured to prevent spillage when not in use. or similar combustible materials. 308.1.8.3 Serving of flaming food. The serving of 308.1.6 Open-flame devices. Torches and other devices, flaming foods or beverages shall be done in a safe machines or processes liable to start or cause fire shall not manner and shall not create high flames. The pouring, be operated or used in or on wildfire risk areas, except by ladling or spooning of liquids is restricted to a maxi- a permit in accordance with Section 105.5 secured from mum height of 8 inches (203 mm) above the receiving the fire code official. receptacle. Exception: Use within inhabited premises or desig- 308.1.8.4 Location. Flaming foods or beverages shall nated campsites that are not less than 30 feet (9144 be prepared only in the immediate vicinity of the table mm) from grass-, grain-, brush- or forest-covered being serviced. They shall not be transported or carried areas. while burning. 308.1.6.1 Signals and markers. Flame-employing 308.1.8.5 Fire protection. The person preparing the devices, such as lanterns or kerosene road flares, shall flaming foods or beverages shall have a wet cloth not be operated or used as a signal or marker in or on towel immediately available for use in smothering the wildfire risk areas. flames in the event of an emergency. Exception: The proper use of fusees at the scenes of 308.2 Permits required. Permits shall be obtained from the emergencies or as required by standard railroad fire code official in accordance with Section 105.5 prior to operating procedures. engaging in the following activities involving open flame, fire and burning: 308.1.6.2 Portable fueled open-flame devices. Porta- ble open-flame devices fueled by flammable or 1. Use of a torch or flame-producing device to remove combustible gases or liquids shall be enclosed or paint from a structure. installed in such a manner as to prevent the flame from contacting combustible material. 2. Use of open flame, fire or burning in connection with Group A or E occupancies. Exceptions: 3. Use or operation of torches and other devices, 1. LP-gas-fueled devices used for sweating machines or processes liable to start or cause fire in pipe joints or removing paint in accor- or on wildfire risk areas. dance with Chapter 61. 308.3 Group A occupancies. Open-flame devices shall not 2. Cutting and welding operations in accor- be used in a Group A occupancy. dance with Chapter 35. Exceptions: 3. Torches or flame-producing devices in accordance with Section 308.4. 1. Open-flame devices are allowed to be used in the following situations, provided that approved 4. Candles and open-flame decorative precautions are taken to prevent ignition of a devices in accordance with Section 308.3. combustible material or injury to occupants: 308.1.6.3 Sky lanterns. A person shall not release or 2021 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE® cause to be released an untethered sky lantern. Telegram: EDUFIRE.IR 3-4 EDUFIRE.IR

GENERAL REQUIREMENTS 1.1. Where necessary for ceremonial or reli- 10. Candelabras with flame-lighted candles shall be gious purposes in accordance with Section securely fastened in place to prevent overturning, 308.1.7. and shall be located away from occupants using the area and away from possible contact with 1.2. On stages and platforms as a necessary drapes, curtains or other combustibles. part of a performance in accordance with Section 308.3.2. 308.3.2 Theatrical performances. Where approved, open-flame devices used in conjunction with theatrical 1.3. Where candles on tables are securely performances are allowed to be used where adequate supported on substantial noncombustible safety precautions have been taken in accordance with bases and the candle flames are protected. NFPA 160. 2. Heat-producing equipment complying with Chap- 308.4 Group R occupancies. Open flame, fire and burning ter 6 and the International Mechanical Code. in Group R occupancies shall comply with the requirements of Sections 308.1 through 308.1.6.3 and Section 308.4.1. 3. Gas lights are allowed to be used provided that adequate precautions satisfactory to the fire code 308.4.1 Group R-2 dormitories. Candles, incense and official are taken to prevent ignition of combusti- similar open-flame-producing items shall not be allowed ble materials. in sleeping units in Group R-2 dormitory occupancies. 308.3.1 Open-flame decorative devices. Open-flame SECTION 309 decorative devices shall comply with all of the following POWERED INDUSTRIAL TRUCKS restrictions: AND EQUIPMENT 1. Class I and Class II liquids and LP-gas shall not be used. 309.1 General. Powered industrial trucks and similar equip- ment including, but not limited to, floor scrubbers and floor 2. Liquid- or solid-fueled lighting devices containing buffers, shall be operated and maintained in accordance with more than 8 ounces (237 ml) of fuel must self- Sections 309.2 through 309.7. extinguish and not leak fuel at a rate of more than 0.25 teaspoon per minute (1.26 ml per minute) if 309.2 Use in hazardous (classified) locations. Powered tipped over. industrial trucks used in areas designated as hazardous (clas- sified) locations in accordance with NFPA 70 shall be listed 3. The device or holder shall be constructed to and labeled for use in the environment intended in accor- prevent the spillage of liquid fuel or wax at the dance with NFPA 505. rate of more than 0.25 teaspoon per minute (1.26 ml per minute) when the device or holder is not in 309.3 Battery chargers. Battery chargers shall be of an an upright position. approved type. Combustible storage shall be kept not less than 3 feet (915 mm) from battery chargers. Battery charging 4. The device or holder shall be designed so that it shall not be conducted in areas open to the public. will return to the upright position after being tilted to an angle of 45 degrees (0.79 rad) from vertical. 309.4 Ventilation. Ventilation shall be provided in an approved manner in battery-charging areas to prevent a Exception: Devices that self-extinguish if dangerous accumulation of flammable gases. tipped over and do not spill fuel or wax at the rate of more than 0.25 teaspoon per minute 309.5 Fire extinguishers. Battery-charging areas shall be (1.26 ml per minute) if tipped over. provided with a fire extinguisher complying with Section 906 having a minimum 4-A:20-B:C rating within 20 feet 5. The flame shall be enclosed except where open- (6096 mm) of the battery charger. ings on the side are not more than 0.375-inch (9.5 mm) diameter or where openings are on the top 309.6 Refueling. Powered industrial trucks using liquid fuel, and the distance to the top is such that a piece of LP-gas or hydrogen shall be refueled outside of buildings or tissue paper placed on the top will not ignite in 10 in areas specifically approved for that purpose. Fixed fuel- seconds. dispensing equipment and associated fueling operations shall be in accordance with Chapter 23. Other fuel-dispensing 6. Chimneys shall be made of noncombustible mate- equipment and operations, including cylinder exchange for rials and securely attached to the open-flame LP-gas-fueled vehicles, shall be in accordance with Chapter device. 57 for flammable and combustible liquids or Chapter 61 for LP-gas. Exception: A chimney is not required to be attached to any open-flame device that will 309.7 Repairs. Repairs to fuel systems, electrical systems self-extinguish if the device is tipped over. and repairs utilizing open flame or welding shall be done in approved locations outside of buildings or in areas specifi- 7. Fuel canisters shall be safely sealed for storage. cally approved for that purpose. 8. Storage and handling of combustible liquids shall be in accordance with Chapter 57. 9. Shades, where used, shall be made of noncombus- tible materials and securely attached to the open- flame device holder or chimney. 2021 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE® 3-5 EDUFIRE.IR Telegram: EDUFIRE.IR

GENERAL REQUIREMENTS SECTION 310 311.1.1 Abandoned premises. Buildings, structures and SMOKING premises for which an owner cannot be identified or located by dispatch of a certificate of mailing to the last 310.1 General. The smoking or carrying of a lighted pipe, known or registered address, which persistently or repeat- cigar, cigarette or any other type of smoking paraphernalia edly become unprotected or unsecured, which have been or material is prohibited in the areas indicated in Sections occupied by unauthorized persons or for illegal purposes, 310.2 through 310.8. or which present a danger of structural collapse or fire spread to adjacent properties shall be considered to be 310.2 Prohibited areas. Smoking shall be prohibited where abandoned, declared unsafe and abated by demolition or conditions are such as to make smoking a hazard, and in rehabilitation in accordance with the International Prop- spaces where flammable or combustible materials are stored erty Maintenance Code and the International Building or handled. Code. Exception: In Group I-2 occupancies, patients shall be 311.1.2 Tenant spaces. Storage and lease plans required permitted to smoke in designated patient care areas based by this code shall be revised and updated to reflect tempo- on the clinical needs of the patient. rary or partial vacancies. 310.2.1 Group I-2. In Group I-2 occupancies, smoking 311.2 Safeguarding vacant premises. Temporarily unoccu- shall be prohibited in patient care areas or where oxygen pied buildings, structures, premises or portions thereof shall is used, stored or handled. be secured and protected in accordance with Sections 311.2.1 through 311.2.3. 310.3 “No Smoking” signs. The fire code official is autho- rized to order the posting of “No Smoking” signs or the 311.2.1 Security. Exterior and interior openings open to international symbol for no smoking in a conspicuous loca- other tenants or unauthorized persons shall be boarded, tion in each structure or location in which smoking is locked, blocked or otherwise protected to prevent entry prohibited. The content, lettering, size, color and location of by unauthorized individuals. The fire code official is required “No Smoking” signs shall be approved. authorized to placard, post signs, erect barrier tape or take similar measures as necessary to secure public safety. Exception: “No Smoking” signs are not required in inte- rior locations of the facility where signs are displayed at 311.2.2 Fire protection. Fire protection systems shall be all major entrances into the facility. maintained in an operable condition at all times. 310.4 Removal of signs prohibited. A posted “No Smok- Exceptions: ing” sign shall not be obscured, removed, defaced, mutilated or destroyed. 1. Where the premises have been cleared of all combustible materials and debris and, in the 310.5 Compliance with “No Smoking” signs. Smoking opinion of the fire code official, the type of shall not be permitted nor shall a person smoke, throw or construction, fire separation distance and secu- deposit any lighted or smoldering substance in any place rity of the premises do not create a fire hazard. where “No Smoking” signs are posted. 2. Where approved by the fire code official, 310.6 Ash trays. Where smoking is permitted, suitable buildings that will not be heated and where fire noncombustible ash trays or match receivers shall be protection systems will be exposed to freezing provided on each table and at other appropriate locations. In temperatures, fire alarm and automatic sprin- Group I-2 occupancies, noncombustible metal containers kler systems are permitted to be placed out of with self-closing covers shall be provided in areas where service and standpipes are permitted to be smoking is permitted. maintained as dry systems (without an auto- matic water supply), provided that the building 310.7 Burning objects. Lighted matches, cigarettes, cigars does not have contents or storage, and or other burning object shall not be discarded in such a windows, doors and other openings are secured manner that could cause ignition of other combustible to prohibit entry by unauthorized persons. material. 3. Where approved by the fire code official, fire 310.8 Hazardous environmental conditions. Where the alarm and automatic sprinkler systems are fire code official determines that hazardous environmental permitted to be placed out of service in season- conditions necessitate controlled use of smoking materials, ally occupied buildings: that will not be heated; the ignition or use of such materials in mountainous, brush- where fire protection systems will be exposed covered or forest-covered areas or other designated areas is to freezing temperatures; where fire areas do prohibited except in approved designated smoking areas. not exceed 12,000 square feet (1115 m2); and that do not store motor vehicles or hazardous SECTION 311 materials. VACANT PREMISES 311.2.3 Fire separation. Fire-resistance-rated partitions, 311.1 General. Temporarily unoccupied buildings, struc- fire barriers and fire walls separating vacant tenant tures, premises or portions thereof, including tenant spaces, spaces from the remainder of the building shall be main- shall be safeguarded and maintained in accordance with tained. Openings, joints and penetrations in fire- Sections 311.1.1 through 311.6. 3-6 2021 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE® EDUFIRE.IR Telegram: EDUFIRE.IR

GENERAL REQUIREMENTS resistance-rated assemblies shall be protected in accor- known hazards on the vacant building marker. dance with Chapter 7. They shall be placed directly above the symbol. 311.3 Removal of combustibles. Persons owning, or in 4.1. R/O—Roof open. charge or control of, a vacant building or portion thereof, shall remove therefrom all accumulations of combustible 4.2. S/M—Stairs, steps and landing missing. materials, flammable or combustible waste or rubbish and shall securely lock or otherwise secure doors, windows and 4.3. F/E—Avoid fire escapes. other openings to prevent entry by unauthorized persons. The premises shall be maintained clear of waste or hazard- 4.4. H/F—Holes in floor. ous materials. 311.5.5 Informational use. The use of these symbols Exceptions: shall be informational only and shall not in any way limit the discretion of the on-scene incident commander. 1. Buildings or portions of buildings undergoing additions, alterations, repairs or change of occu- 311.6 Unoccupied tenant spaces in mall buildings. Unoc- pancy in accordance with the International cupied tenant spaces in covered and open mall buildings Building Code, where waste is controlled and shall be: removed as required by Section 304. 1. Kept free from the storage of any materials. 2. Seasonally occupied buildings. 2. Separated from the remainder of the building by 311.4 Removal of hazardous materials. Persons owning or partitions of not less than 0.5-inch-thick (12.7 mm) having charge or control of a vacant building containing gypsum board or an approved equivalent to the hazardous materials regulated by Chapter 50 shall comply underside of the ceiling of the adjoining tenant with the facility closure requirements of Section 5001.6. spaces. 311.5 Placards. Any vacant or abandoned buildings or 3. Without doors or other access openings other than structures determined to be unsafe pursuant to Section 114 of one door that shall be kept key locked in the closed this code relating to structural or interior hazards shall be position except during that time when opened for marked as required by Sections 311.5.1 through 311.5.5. inspection. 311.5.1 Placard location. Placards shall be applied on 4. Kept free from combustible waste and be the front of the structure and be visible from the street. broomswept clean. Additional placards shall be applied to the side of each entrance to the structure and on penthouses. SECTION 312 VEHICLE IMPACT PROTECTION 311.5.2 Placard size and color. Placards shall be 24 inches by 24 inches (610 mm by 610 mm) minimum in 312.1 General. Vehicle impact protection required by this size with a red background, white reflective stripes and a code shall be provided by posts that comply with Section white reflective border. The stripes and border shall have 312.2 or by other approved physical barriers that comply a 2-inch (51 mm) minimum stroke. with Section 312.3. 311.5.3 Placard date. Placards shall bear the date of their 312.2 Posts. Guard posts shall comply with all of the follow- application to the building and the date of the most recent ing requirements: inspection. 1. Constructed of steel not less than 4 inches (102 mm) 311.5.4 Placard symbols. The design of the placards in diameter and concrete filled. shall use the following symbols: 2. Spaced not more than 4 feet (1219 mm) between 1. This symbol shall mean that the structure had posts on center. normal structural conditions at the time of marking. 3. Set not less than 3 feet (914 mm) deep in a concrete footing of not less than a 15-inch (381 mm) diameter. 2. This symbol shall mean that structural or inte- rior hazards exist and interior fire-fighting or 4. Set with the top of the posts not less than 3 feet (914 rescue operations should be conducted with mm) above ground. extreme caution. 5. Located not less than 3 feet (914 mm) from the 3. This symbol shall mean that structural or inte- protected object. rior hazards exist to a degree that consideration should be given to limit fire fighting to exterior 312.3 Other barriers. Barriers, other than posts specified in operations only, with entry only occurring for Section 312.2, that are designed to resist, deflect or visually known life hazards. deter vehicular impact commensurate with an anticipated impact scenario shall be permitted where approved. 4. Vacant marker hazard identification symbols: The following symbols shall be used to designate 2021 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE® 3-7 EDUFIRE.IR Telegram: EDUFIRE.IR

GENERAL REQUIREMENTS SECTION 313 4. Vehicles, aircraft, boats or other motorcraft equip- FUELED EQUIPMENT ment are not fueled or defueled within the building. 313.1 General. Fueled equipment including, but not limited SECTION 315 to, motorcycles, mopeds, lawn-care equipment, portable GENERAL STORAGE generators and portable cooking equipment, shall not be stored, operated or repaired within a building. 315.1 General. Storage shall be in accordance with Sections 315.2 through 315.6. Outdoor pallet storage shall be in Exceptions: accordance with Sections 315.2 and 315.7. 1. Buildings or rooms constructed for such use in Exception: Wood and wood composite pallets stored accordance with the International Building Code. outdoors at pallet manufacturing and recycling facilities and complying with Section 2810. 2. Where allowed by Section 314. 315.2 Permit required. A permit for miscellaneous 3. Storage of equipment utilized for maintenance combustible storage shall be required as set forth in Section purposes is allowed in approved locations where 105.5. the aggregate fuel capacity of the stored equip- ment does not exceed 10 gallons (38 L) and the 315.3 Storage in buildings. Storage of materials in build- building is equipped throughout with an automatic ings shall be orderly and stacks shall be stable. Storage of sprinkler system installed in accordance with combustible materials shall be separated from heaters or Section 903.3.1.1. heating devices by distance or shielding so that ignition cannot occur. 313.1.1 Removal. The fire code official is authorized to require removal of fueled equipment from locations 315.3.1 Ceiling clearance. Storage shall be maintained 2 where the presence of such equipment is determined by feet (610 mm) or more below the ceiling in nonsprin- the fire code official to be hazardous. klered areas of buildings or not less than 18 inches (457 mm) below sprinkler head deflectors in sprinklered areas 313.2 Group R occupancies. Vehicles powered by flamma- of buildings. ble liquids, Class II combustible liquids or compressed flammable gases shall not be stored within the living space Exceptions: of Group R buildings. 1. The 2-foot (610 mm) ceiling clearance is not SECTION 314 required for storage along walls in nonsprin- INDOOR DISPLAYS klered areas of buildings. 314.1 General. Indoor displays constructed within any occu- 2. The 18-inch (457 mm) ceiling clearance is not pancy shall comply with Sections 314.2 through 314.4. required for storage along walls in areas of buildings equipped with an automatic sprinkler 314.2 Fixtures and displays. Fixtures and displays of goods system in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1, for sale to the public shall be arranged so as to maintain free, 903.3.1.2 or 903.3.1.3. immediate and unobstructed access to exits as required by Chapter 10. 315.3.2 Means of egress. Combustible materials shall not be stored in exits or enclosures for stairways and ramps. 314.3 Highly combustible goods. The display of highly Combustible materials in the means of egress during combustible goods, including but not limited to fireworks, construction, demolition, remodeling or alterations shall flammable or combustible liquids, liquefied flammable comply with Section 3312.3. gases, oxidizing materials, pyroxylin plastics and agricul- tural goods, in main exit access aisles, corridors, covered 315.3.3 Equipment rooms. Combustible material shall and open malls, or within 5 feet (1524 mm) of entrances to not be stored in boiler rooms, mechanical rooms, electri- exits and exterior exit doors is prohibited where a fire involv- cal equipment rooms or in fire command centers as ing such goods would rapidly prevent or obstruct egress. specified in Section 508.1.5. 314.4 Vehicles. Liquid-fueled or gaseous-fueled vehicles, 315.3.4 Attic, under-floor and concealed spaces. Attic, aircraft, boats or other motorcraft shall not be located under-floor and concealed spaces used for storage of indoors except as follows: combustible materials shall be protected on the storage side as required for 1-hour fire-resistance-rated construc- 1. The engine starting system is made inoperable or tion. Openings shall be protected by assemblies that are batteries are disconnected except where the fire code self-closing and are of noncombustible construction or official requires that the batteries remain connected solid wood core not less than 13/4 inches (44.5 mm) in to maintain safety features. thickness. Storage shall not be placed on exposed joists. 2. Fuel in fuel tanks does not exceed one-quarter tank or Exceptions: 5 gallons (19 L) (whichever is least). 1. Areas protected by approved automatic sprin- 3. Fuel tanks and fill openings are closed and sealed to kler systems. prevent tampering. 2. Group R-3 and Group U occupancies. 3-8 2021 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE® EDUFIRE.IR Telegram: EDUFIRE.IR

GENERAL REQUIREMENTS 315.4 Outside storage. Outside storage of combustible pallets under eaves, canopies or other projections or over- materials shall not be located within 10 feet (3048 mm) of a hangs are prohibited except where automatic sprinklers lot line. are installed under such eaves, canopies or other projec- tions or overhangs. Exceptions: 315.7.2 Distance to lot line. Pallet storage shall not be 1. The separation distance is allowed to be reduced located within 10 feet (3048 mm) of a lot line. to 3 feet (914 mm) for storage not exceeding 6 feet (1829 mm) in height. 315.7.3 Storage height. Pallet storage shall not exceed 20 feet (6096 mm) in height. 2. The separation distance is allowed to be reduced where the fire code official determines that hazard 315.7.4 Pallet pile stability and size. Pallet stacks shall to the adjoining property does not exist. be arranged to form stable piles. Individual pallet piles shall cover an area not greater than 400 square feet (37 315.4.1 Storage beneath overhead projections from m2). buildings. Where buildings are protected by an automatic sprinkler system, the outdoor storage, display and 315.7.5 Pallet types. Pallets shall be all wood, with slat- handling of combustible materials under eaves, canopies ted or solid top or bottom, with metal fasteners, or shall or other projections or overhangs are prohibited except be plastic or composite pallets, listed and labeled in where automatic sprinklers are installed under such eaves, accordance with UL 2335 or FM 4996. Plastic pallets canopies or other projections or overhangs. shall be both solid and gridded deck, independent of the pallet manufacturing process, type of resin used in fabri- 315.4.2 Height. Storage in the open shall not exceed 20 cation or geometry of the pallet. feet (6096 mm) in height. 315.7.6 Pile separation distances. In addition to the 315.5 Storage underneath high-voltage transmission other requirements of this section, pallet stacks and piles lines. Storage located underneath high-voltage transmission shall be separated in accordance with Sections 315.7.6.1 lines shall be in accordance with Section 316.6.2. and 315.7.6.2. 315.6 Storage in plenums. Storage is prohibited in plenums. 315.7.6.1 Building separation. Pallet stacks and piles Abandoned material in plenums shall be deemed to be stor- shall be separated from buildings in accordance with age and shall be removed. Where located in plenums, the Table 315.7.6(1) for wood pallets and Table 315.7.6(2) portion of abandoned cables that are able to be accessed for plastic pallets. without causing damage, or requiring demolition to the building shall be identified for future use with a tag or shall 315.7.6.2 Separation from other pallets and on-site be deemed storage and shall be removed. storage. Pallets shall be separated from other pallet piles and other storage in accordance with Table 315.7 Outdoor pallet storage. Pallets stored outdoors shall 315.7.6(3) for wood pallets and Table 315.7.6(4) for comply with Sections 315.7 through 315.7.7. Pallets stored plastic pallets. within a building shall be protected in accordance with Chapter 32. 315.7.7 Prohibited locations. Pallets shall not be stored underneath high-voltage transmission lines, elevated 315.7.1 Storage beneath overhead projections from roadways or elevated railways. buildings. Where buildings are equipped throughout with an automatic sprinkler system, the outdoor storage of TABLE 315.7.6(1) SEPARATION DISTANCE BETWEEN WOOD PALLET STACKS AND BUILDINGS WALL CONSTRUCTION OPENING TYPE WOOD PALLET SEPARATION DISTANCE (feet) Masonry ≤ 50 Pallets 51 to 200 Pallets > 200 Pallets Masonry None 2 2 2 Masonry Fire-rated glazing with 2 5 20 open sprinklers Masonry Fire-rated glazing 5 10 20 Noncombustible Wood with open Plain glass with open 5 10 20 sprinklers sprinklers Wood None 5 10 20 Any — 5 10 20 None 15 30 90 Plain glass 15 30 90 For SI: 1 foot = 304.8 mm. 2021 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE® 3-9 EDUFIRE.IR Telegram: EDUFIRE.IR

GENERAL REQUIREMENTS TABLE 315.7.6(2) SEPARATION DISTANCE BETWEEN PLASTIC PALLET STACKS AND BUILDINGS WALL CONSTRUCTION OPENING TYPE PLASTIC PALLET SEPARATION DISTANCE (feet) Masonry ≤ 50 Pallets 51 to 200 Pallets > 200 Pallets Masonry None 2 2 2 Masonry Fire-rated glazing with 10 20 50 open sprinklers Masonry Fire-rated glazing 15 40 100 Noncombustible Wood with open Plain glass with open 15 40 100 sprinklers sprinklers Wood None 15 40 100 Any — 15 40 100 None 30 80 150 Plain glass 30 80 150 For SI: 1 foot = 304.8 mm. TABLE 315.7.6(3) SEPARATION FROM OTHER PALLET PILES AND ON-SITE STORAGE (WOOD PALLETS) WOOD PALLET SEPARATION DISTANCE (feet) ≤ 50 Pallets 51 to 200 Pallets > 200 Pallets Between pallet piles 7.5 15 45 Other on-site storage 7.5 15 45 For SI: 1 foot = 304.8 mm. TABLE 315.7.6(4) SEPARATION FROM OTHER PALLET PILES AND ON-SITE STORAGE (PLASTIC PALLETS) PLASTIC PALLET SEPARATION DISTANCE (feet) ≤ 50 Pallets 51 to 200 Pallets > 200 Pallets Between pallet piles 15 40 75 Other on-site storage 15 40 75 For SI: 1 foot = 304.8 mm. SECTION 316 “SHAFTWAY” in red letters not less than 6 inches (152 mm) high on a white background. Such warning signs HAZARDS TO FIRE FIGHTERS shall be placed so as to be readily discernible. 316.1 Trapdoors to be closed. Trapdoors and scuttle Exception: Marking shall not be required on shaftway covers, other than those that are within a dwelling unit or openings that are readily discernible as openings onto automatically operated, shall be kept closed at all times a shaftway by the construction or arrangement. except when in use. 316.3 Pitfalls. The intentional design or alteration of build- 316.2 Shaftway markings. Vertical shafts shall be identi- ings to disable, injure, maim or kill intruders is prohibited. A fied as required by this section. person shall not install and use firearms, sharp or pointed objects, razor wire, explosives, flammable or combustible 316.2.1 Exterior access to shaftways. Outside openings liquid containers, or dispensers containing highly toxic, that can be reached by the fire department and that open toxic, irritant or other hazardous materials in a manner that directly on a hoistway or shaftway communicating could passively or actively disable, injure, maim or kill a fire between two or more floors in a building shall be plainly fighter who forcibly enters a building for the purpose of marked with the word “SHAFTWAY” in red letters not controlling or extinguishing a fire, rescuing trapped occu- less than 6 inches (152 mm) high on a white background. pants or rendering other emergency assistance. Such warning signs shall be placed so as to be readily discernible from the outside of the building. 316.4 Obstructions on roofs. Wires, cables, ropes, anten- nas, or other suspended obstructions installed on the roof of 316.2.2 Interior access to shaftways. Door or window a building having a roof slope of less than 30 degrees (0.52 openings to a hoistway or shaftway from the interior of the building shall be plainly marked with the word 3-10 2021 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE® EDUFIRE.IR Telegram: EDUFIRE.IR

GENERAL REQUIREMENTS rad) shall not create an obstruction that is less than 7 feet cal and machine rooms, penthouses, skylights, roof vents, (2133 mm) high above the surface of the roof. solar panels, antenna supports and building service equipment. Exceptions: 317.4 Vegetation. Vegetation shall be maintained in accor- 1. Such obstruction shall be permitted where the dance with Sections 317.4.1 and 317.4.2. wire, cable, rope, antenna or suspended obstruc- tion is encased in a white, 2-inch (51 mm) 317.4.1 Irrigation. Supplemental irrigation shall be minimum diameter plastic pipe or an approved provided to maintain levels of hydration necessary to equivalent. keep green roof plants alive and to keep dry foliage to a minimum. 2. Such obstruction shall be permitted where there is a solid obstruction below such that accidentally 317.4.2 Dead foliage. Excess biomass, such as over- walking into the wire, cable, rope, antenna or grown vegetation, leaves and other dead and decaying suspended obstruction is not possible. material, shall be removed at regular intervals not less than two times per year. 316.5 Security device. Any security device or system that emits any medium that could obscure a means of egress in 317.4.3 Maintenance plan. The fire code official is any building, structure or premise shall be prohibited. authorized to require a maintenance plan for vegetation placed on roofs due to the size of a landscaped roof, mate- 316.6 Structures and outdoor storage underneath high- rials used or where a fire hazard exists to the building or voltage transmission lines. Structures and outdoor storage exposures due to the lack of maintenance. underneath high-voltage transmission lines shall comply with Sections 316.6.1 and 316.6.2, respectively. 317.5 Maintenance equipment. Fueled equipment stored on roofs and used for the care and maintenance of vegetation 316.6.1 Structures. Structures shall not be constructed on roofs shall be stored in accordance with Section 313. within the utility easement beneath high-voltage trans- mission lines. SECTION 318 LAUNDRY CARTS Exception: Restrooms and unoccupied telecommuni- cation structures of noncombustible construction less 318.1 Laundry carts with a capacity of 1 cubic yard or than 15 feet (4572 mm) in height. more. Laundry carts with an individual capacity of 1 cubic yard [200 gallons (0.76 m3)] or more, used in laundries 316.6.2 Outdoor storage. Outdoor storage within the within Group B, E, F-1, I, M and R-1 occupancies, shall be utility easement underneath high-voltage transmission constructed of noncombustible materials or materials having lines shall be limited to noncombustible material. Storage a peak rate of heat release not exceeding 300 kW/m2 at a flux of hazardous materials including, but not limited to, flam- of 50 kW/m2 where tested in a horizontal orientation in mable and combustible liquids is prohibited. accordance with ASTM E1354. Exception: Combustible storage, including vehicles Exceptions: and fuel storage for backup power equipment serving public utility equipment, is allowed, provided that a 1. Laundry carts in areas protected by an approved plan indicating the storage configuration is submitted automatic sprinkler system installed throughout in and approved. accordance with Section 903.3.1.1. SECTION 317 2. Laundry carts in coin-operated laundries. LANDSCAPED ROOFS SECTION 319 317.1 General. Landscaped roofs shall be installed and MOBILE FOOD PREPARATION VEHICLES maintained in accordance with Sections 317.2 through 317.5 and Sections 1505 and 1507.16 of the International Building 319.1 General. Mobile food preparation vehicles that are Code. equipped with appliances that produce smoke or grease- laden vapors shall comply with this section. 317.2 Landscaped roof size. Landscaped roof areas shall not exceed 15,625 square feet (1450 m2) in size for any 319.2 Permit required. Permits shall be required as set forth single area with a maximum dimension of 125 feet (39 m) in in Section 105.5. length or width. A minimum 6-foot-wide (1.8 m) clearance consisting of a listed Class A roof assembly tested in accor- 319.3 Exhaust hood. Cooking equipment that produces dance with ASTM E108 or UL 790 shall be provided grease-laden vapors shall be provided with a kitchen exhaust between adjacent landscaped roof areas. hood in accordance with Section 606. 317.3 Rooftop structure and equipment clearance. For all 319.4 Fire protection. Fire protection shall be provided in vegetative roofs abutting combustible vertical surfaces, a accordance with Sections 319.4.1 and 319.4.2. Class A-rated roof system complying with ASTM E108 or UL 790 shall be achieved for a minimum 6-foot-wide (1829 319.4.1 Fire protection for cooking equipment. Cook- mm) continuous border placed around rooftop structures and ing equipment shall be protected by automatic fire- all rooftop equipment including, but not limited to, mechani- extinguishing systems in accordance with Section 904.13. 2021 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE® 3-11 EDUFIRE.IR Telegram: EDUFIRE.IR

GENERAL REQUIREMENTS 319.4.2 Fire extinguisher. Portable fire extinguishers 319.8 LP-gas systems. Where LP-gas systems provide fuel shall be provided in accordance with Section 906.4. for cooking appliances, such systems shall comply with Chapter 61 and Sections 319.8.1 through 319.8.5. 319.5 Appliance connection to fuel supply piping. Gas cooking appliances shall be secured in place and connected 319.8.1 Maximum aggregate volume. The maximum to fuel-supply piping with an appliance connector complying aggregate capacity of LP-gas containers transported on with ANSI Z21.69/CSA 6.16. The connector installation the vehicle and used to fuel cooking appliances only shall shall be configured in accordance with the manufacturer’s not exceed 200 pounds (91 kg) propane capacity. installation instructions. Movement of appliances shall be limited by restraining devices installed in accordance with 319.8.2 Protection of container. LP-gas containers the connector and appliance manufacturer’s instructions. installed on the vehicle shall be securely mounted and restrained to prevent movement. 319.6 Cooking oil storage containers. Cooking oil storage containers within mobile food preparation vehicles shall 319.8.3 LP-gas container construction. LP-gas contain- have a maximum aggregate volume not more than 120 ers shall be manufactured in compliance with the gallons (454 L), and shall be stored in such a way as to not requirements of NFPA 58. be toppled or damaged during transport. 319.8.4 Protection of system piping. LP-gas system 319.7 Cooking oil storage tanks. Cooking oil storage tanks piping, including valves and fittings, shall be adequately within mobile food preparation vehicles shall comply with protected to prevent tampering, impact damage, and Sections 319.7.1 through 319.7.5.2. damage from vibration. 319.7.1 Metallic storage tanks. Metallic cooking oil 319.8.5 LP-gas alarms. A listed LP-gas alarm shall be storage tanks shall be listed in accordance with UL 80 or installed within the vehicle in the vicinity of LP-gas UL 142, and shall be installed in accordance with the tank system components, in accordance with the manufac- manufacturer’s instructions. turer’s instructions. 319.7.2 Nonmetallic storage tanks. Nonmetallic cook- 319.9 CNG systems. Where CNG systems provide fuel for ing oil storage tanks shall be installed in accordance with cooking appliances, such systems shall comply with the tank manufacturer’s instructions and shall comply Sections 319.9.1 through 319.9.4. with both of the following: 319.9.1 CNG containers supplying only cooking fuel. 1. Tanks shall be listed for use with cooking oil, CNG containers installed solely to provide fuel for cook- including maximum temperature to which the tank ing purposes shall be in accordance with Sections will be exposed during use. 319.9.1.1 through 319.9.1.3. 2. Tank capacity shall not exceed 200 gallons (757 319.9.1.1 Maximum aggregate volume. The maxi- L) per tank. mum aggregate capacity of CNG containers transported on the vehicle shall not exceed 1,300 319.7.3 Cooking oil storage system components. Metal- pounds (590 kg) water capacity. lic and nonmetallic cooking oil storage system components shall include, but are not limited to, piping, 319.9.1.2 Protection of container. CNG containers connections, fittings, valves, tubing, hose, pumps, vents shall be securely mounted and restrained to prevent and other related components used for the transfer of movement. Containers shall not be installed in loca- cooking oil. tions subject to a direct vehicle impact. 319.7.4 Design criteria. The design, fabrication and 319.9.1.3 CNG container construction. CNG assembly of system components shall be suitable for the containers shall be an NGV-2 cylinder. working pressures, temperatures and structural stresses to be encountered by the components. 319.9.2 CNG containers supplying transportation and cooking fuel. Where CNG containers and systems are 319.7.5 Tank venting. Normal and emergency venting used to supply fuel for cooking purposes in addition to shall be provided for cooking oil storage tanks. being used for transportation fuel, the installation shall be in accordance with NFPA 52. 319.7.5.1 Normal vents. Normal vents shall be located above the maximum normal liquid line, and 319.9.3 Protection of system piping. CNG system shall have a minimum effective area not smaller than piping, including valves and fittings, shall be adequately the largest filling or withdrawal connection. Normal protected to prevent tampering, impact damage and vents are not required to vent to the exterior. damage from vibration. 319.7.5.2 Emergency vents. Emergency relief vents 319.9.4 Methane alarms. A listed methane gas alarm shall be located above the maximum normal liquid shall be installed within the vehicle in accordance with line, and shall be in the form of a device or devices that manufacturer’s instructions. will relieve excessive internal pressure caused by an exposure fire. For nonmetallic tanks, the emergency 319.10 Maintenance. Maintenance of systems on mobile relief vent shall be allowed to be in the form of food preparation vehicles shall be in accordance with construction. Emergency vents are not required to Sections 319.10.1 through 319.10.3. discharge to the exterior. 319.10.1 Exhaust system. The exhaust system, including hood, grease-removal devices, fans, ducts and other 3-12 2021 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE® EDUFIRE.IR Telegram: EDUFIRE.IR

GENERAL REQUIREMENTS appurtenances, shall be inspected and cleaned in accor- 3. If any hazardous (classified) electrical area or dance with Section 606.3. zone exists inside the unit’s outer enclosure, the area shall be protected by intrinsically safe electri- 319.10.2 Fire protection systems and devices. Fire cal construction or other acceptable protection protection systems and devices shall be maintained in methods. accordance with Section 901.6. 4. The 3D printers shall not utilize inert gas or an 319.10.3 Fuel gas systems. LP-gas containers installed external combustible dust collection system. on the vehicle and fuel-gas piping systems shall be inspected annually by an approved inspection agency or a 320.2.2 Occupancies. Nonindustrial additive manufac- company that is registered with the US Department of turing shall be permitted in all occupancy groups. Transportation to requalify LP-gas cylinders, to ensure that system components are free from damage, suitable 320.3 Industrial additive manufacturing. Industrial addi- for the intended service and not subject to leaking. CNG tive manufacturing equipment and operations shall comply containers shall be inspected every 3 years in a qualified with Sections 320.3.1 through 320.3.12. service facility. CNG containers shall not be used past their expiration date as listed on the manufacturer’s 320.3.1 Permits required. Permits shall be obtained container label. Upon satisfactory inspection, the from the fire code official in accordance with Section approved inspection agency shall affix a tag on the fuel 105.5 prior to engaging in industrial additive manufactur- gas system or within the vehicle indicating the name of ing operations. the inspection agency and the date of satisfactory inspection. 320.3.2 Listing. 3D printers used in industrial additive manufacturing shall be listed and labeled in accordance SECTION 320 with UL 2011 or approved for the application based on a ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING (3D PRINTING) field evaluation conducted by an approved agency. 320.1 General. Additive manufacturing equipment and 320.3.3 Combustible dusts and metals. Industrial addi- operations shall comply with Section 320. tive manufacturing operations that store, use or produce combustible dust, combustible particulate solids or 320.1.1 Scope. Additive manufacturing shall comply with combustible metals shall comply with Chapter 22 and this one of the following: section. 1. Nonindustrial additive manufacturing shall 320.3.4 Powder evaluation. Printing powders used in comply with Section 320.2. industrial additive manufacturing operations shall be tested for combustibility in accordance with NFPA 484 or 2. Industrial additive manufacturing shall comply NFPA 652 as applicable. A copy of test reports shall be with Section 320.3. provided to the fire code official upon request. 320.1.2 Installation, operation and maintenance. 3D 320.3.5 Combustible (nonmetallic) dusts. Industrial printers and associated additive manufacturing equipment additive manufacturing operations that store, use or shall be installed, operated and maintained in accordance produce combustible (nonmetallic) dusts shall comply with this code, the listing and the manufacturer’s with NFPA 654. instructions. 320.3.6 Combustible metals. Industrial additive manu- 320.1.3 Production materials. Only the production facturing operations that store or use combustible metals materials listed for use with the equipment and included shall comply with NFPA 484. in the manufacturer’s instructions shall be used. 320.3.7 Ancillary equipment. Ancillary equipment 320.2 Nonindustrial additive manufacturing. Nonindus- provided for recycling, sieving, vacuuming or handling trial additive manufacturing equipment and operations shall combustible powders shall be designed and approved for comply with Sections 320.2.1 and 320.2.2. Additive manu- such use. facturing equipment and operations that do not comply with Section 320.2 shall comply with Section 320.3. 320.3.8 Hazardous materials. Industrial additive manu- facturing operations that store or use hazardous materials 320.2.1 Listing. 3D printers used in nonindustrial addi- exceeding the maximum allowable quantity limits shall tive manufacturing shall be listed and labeled in comply with Chapter 50. accordance with UL 2011, UL 60950-1 or UL 62368-1. The listing shall also verify: 320.3.9 Inert gas. Additive manufacturing processes that utilize inert gases shall comply with Chapter 53. Ventila- 1. The 3D printers are self-contained and utilize tion or gas detection shall be provided in accordance with maximum 30-liter prepackaged production Section 5307. materials. 320.3.10 Technical assistance. Where required by the 2. The operation of the 3D printers shall not create a fire code official, a report evaluating the acceptability of hazardous (classified) electrical area or zone technologies, processes, products, facilities, materials and outside the unit. uses associated with the operation shall be provided in accordance with Section 104.8.2 and approved. 2021 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE® 3-13 EDUFIRE.IR Telegram: EDUFIRE.IR