International Fire Code--2021

FLAMMABLE AND COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS provided in accordance with Chapter 9. Class II and 5704.3.6.2 Container capacity. Containers for Class I IIIA liquids shall be allowed to be stored in basements, liquids shall not exceed a capacity of 5 gallons (19 L). provided that automatic suppression and other fire protection are provided in accordance with Chapter 9. Exception: Metal containers not exceeding 55 gallons (208 L) are allowed to store up to 240 5704.3.5.2 Storage pile heights. Containers having gallons (908 L) of the maximum allowable quantity less than a 30-gallon (114 L) capacity that contain per control area of Class IB and IC liquids in a Class I or II liquids shall not be stacked more than 3 control area. The building shall be equipped feet (914.4 mm) or two containers high, whichever is throughout with an approved automatic sprinkler greater, unless stacked on fixed shelving or otherwise system in accordance with Table 5704.3.4.1. The satisfactorily secured. Containers of Class I or II containers shall be provided with plastic caps with- liquids having a capacity of 30 gallons (114 L) or more out cap seals and shall be stored upright. Containers shall not be stored more than one container high. shall not be stacked or stored in racks and shall not Containers shall be stored in an upright position. be located in areas open to the public. 5704.3.5.3 Storage distance from ceilings and roofs. 5704.3.6.3 Fire protection and storage arrange- Piles of containers or portable tanks shall not be stored ments. Fire protection and container storage closer than 3 feet (914 mm) to the nearest beam, chord, arrangements shall be in accordance with Table girder or other obstruction, and shall be 3 feet (914 5704.3.6.3(1) or the following: mm) below sprinkler deflectors or discharge orifices of water spray or other overhead fire protection system. 1. Storage on shelves shall not exceed 6 feet (1829 mm) in height, and shelving shall be 5704.3.5.4 Combustible materials. In areas that are metal. not open to the public, Class I, II and IIIA liquids shall not be stored in the same pile or rack section as ordi- 2. Storage on pallets or in piles greater than 4 feet nary combustible commodities unless such materials 6 inches (1372 mm) in height, or where the are packaged together as kits. ceiling exceeds 18 feet (5486 mm) in height, shall be protected in accordance with Table 5704.3.6 Wholesale and retail sales uses. Flammable 5704.3.6.3(4), and the storage heights and and combustible liquids in Group M occupancy wholesale arrangements shall be limited to those specified and retail sales uses shall be in accordance with Sections in Table 5704.3.6.3(2). 5704.3.6.1 through 5704.3.6.5, or Sections 10.10.2, 12.3.6, 16.4.1 through 16.4.3, 16.5.1 through 16.5.2.12, 3. Storage on racks greater than 4 feet 6 inches Figures 16.4.1(a) through 16.4.1(c) and Tables 16.5.2.1 (1372 mm) in height, or where the ceiling through 16.5.2.12, of NFPA 30. exceeds 18 feet (5486 mm) in height shall be protected in accordance with Tables 5704.3.6.1 Container type. Containers for Class I 5704.3.6.3(5), 5704.3.6.3(6), and 5704.3.6.3(7) liquids shall be metal. as appropriate, and the storage heights and arrangements shall be limited to those specified Exception: In sprinklered buildings, an aggregate in Table 5704.3.6.3(3). quantity of 120 gallons (454 L) of water-miscible Class IB and Class IC liquids is allowed in non- Combustible commodities shall not be stored metallic containers, each having a capacity of 16 above flammable and combustible liquids. ounces (0.473 L) or less. TABLE 5704.3.6.3(1) MAXIMUM STORAGE HEIGHT IN CONTROL AREA TYPE OF LIQUID NONSPRINKLERED AREA SPRINKLERED AREAa SPRINKLERED WITH IN-RACK PROTECTIONa, b Flammable liquids: (feet) (feet) (feet) Class IA Class IB 44 4 Class IC 48 12 48 12 Combustible liquids: Class II 68 12 Class IIIA 8 12 16 Class IIIB 8 12 20 For SI: 1 foot = 304.8 mm. a In buildings protected by an automatic sprinkler system, the storage height for containers and portable tanks shall not exceed the maximum storage height permitted for the fire protection scheme set forth in NFPA 30 or the maximum storage height demonstrated in a full-scale fire test, whichever is greater. NFPA 30 criteria and fire test results for metallic containers and portable tanks shall not be applied to nonmetallic containers and portable tanks. b. In-rack protection shall be in accordance with Table 5704.3.6.3(5), 5704.3.6.3(6) or 5704.3.6.3(7). 57-18 2021 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE® EDUFIRE.IR Telegram: EDUFIRE.IR

FLAMMABLE AND COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS TABLE 5704.3.6.3(2) STORAGE ARRANGEMENTS FOR PALLETIZED OR SOLID-PILE STORAGE IN LIQUID STORAGE ROOMS AND WAREHOUSES MAXIMUM STORAGE HEIGHT MAXIMUM QUANTITY PER PILE MAXIMUM QUANTITY PER ROOMa CLASS STORAGE LEVEL (gallons) (gallons) Drums Containersb Portable tanksb Containers Portable tanks Containers Portable tanks (feet) (feet) Ground floor 1 5 Not Allowed 3,000 Not Allowed 12,000 Not Allowed IA Upper floors 1 5 Not Allowed 2,000 Not Allowed 8,000 Not Allowed Basements 0 Not Allowed Not Allowed Not Allowed Not Allowed Not Allowed Not Allowed Ground floor 1 6.5 7 5,000 20,000 15,000 40,000 IB Upper floors 1 6.5 7 3,000 10,000 12,000 20,000 Basements 0 Not Allowed Not Allowed Not Allowed Not Allowed Not Allowed Not Allowed Ground floord 1 6.5c 7 5,000 20,000 15,000 40,000 IC Upper floors 1 6.5c 7 3,000 10,000 12,000 20,000 Basements 0 Not Allowed Not Allowed Not Allowed Not Allowed Not Allowed Not Allowed Ground floord 3 10 14 10,000 40,000 25,000 80,000 II Upper floors 3 10 14 10,000 40,000 25,000 80,000 Basements 1 5 7 7,500 20,000 7,500 20,000 Ground floor 5 20 14 15,000 60,000 50,000 100,000 III Upper floors 5 20 14 15,000 60,000 50,000 100,000 Basements 3 10 7 10,000 20,000 25,000 40,000 For SI: 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 gallon = 3.785 L. a. See Section 5704.3.8.1 for unlimited quantities in liquid storage warehouses. b. In buildings protected by an automatic sprinkler system, the storage height for containers and portable tanks shall not exceed the maximum storage height permitted for the fire protection scheme set forth in NFPA 30 or the maximum storage height demonstrated in a full-scale fire test, whichever is greater. NFPA 30 criteria and fire test results for metallic containers and portable tanks shall not be applied to nonmetallic containers and portable tanks. c. These height limitations are allowed to be increased to 10 feet for containers having a capacity of 5 gallons or less. d. For palletized storage of unsaturated polyester resins (UPR) in relieving-style metal containers with 50 percent or less by weight Class IC or II liquid and no Class IA or IB liquid, height and pile quantity limits shall be permitted to be 10 feet and 15,000 gallons, respectively, provided that such storage is protected by sprinklers in accordance with NFPA 30 and that the UPR storage area is not located in the same containment area or drainage path for other Class I or II liquids. TABLE 5704.3.6.3(3) STORAGE ARRANGEMENTS FOR RACK STORAGE IN LIQUID STORAGE ROOMS AND WAREHOUSES CLASS TYPE RACK STORAGE LEVEL MAXIMUM STORAGE HEIGHTb MAXIMUM QUANTITY PER ROOMa (feet) (gallons) IA IB Containers Containers IC II Ground floor 25 7,500 III Double row or Single row Upper floors 15 4,500 Basements Not Allowed Not Allowed Ground floor 25 15,000 Double row or Single row Upper floors 15 9,000 Basements Not Allowed Not Allowed Ground floor 25 24,000 Double row or Single row Upper floors 25 24,000 Basements 15 9,000 Multirow Ground floor 40 48,000 Double row Upper floors 20 48,000 Single row Basements 20 24,000 For SI: 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 gallon = 3.785 L. a. See Section 5704.3.8.1 for unlimited quantities in liquid storage warehouses. b. In buildings protected by an automatic sprinkler system, the storage height for containers and portable tanks shall not exceed the maximum storage height permitted for the fire protection scheme set forth in NFPA 30 or the maximum storage height demonstrated in a full-scale fire test, whichever is greater. NFPA 30 criteria and fire test results for metallic containers and portable tanks shall not be applied to nonmetallic containers and portable tanks. 2021 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE® 57-19 EDUFIRE.IR Telegram: EDUFIRE.IR

FLAMMABLE AND COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS TABLE 5704.3.6.3(4) AUTOMATIC SPRINKLER PROTECTION FOR SOLID-PILE AND PALLETIZED STORAGE OF LIQUIDS IN METAL CONTAINERS AND PORTABLE TANKSa STORAGE CONDITIONS CEILING SPRINKLER DESIGN AND DEMAND MINIMUM MINIMUM Container size and arrangement HOSE DURATION Area (square feet) Maximum SPRINKLERS spacing STREAM AND HOSE Class liquid Density High- Ordinary DEMAND STREAMS (gpm/ft2) (square feet) IA temperature temperature (gpm) (hours) sprinklers sprinklers IB, IC and II 2 II 5 gallons or less, with or without 0.30 3,000 5,000 100 750 IB, IC and II cartons, palletized or solid pileb 2 II Containers greater than 5 gallons, on 0.60 5,000 8,000 80 750 2 III end or side, palletized or solid pile 2 2 5 gallons or less, with or without 0.30 3,000 5,000 100 1 cartons, palletized or solid pileb 500 1 Containers greater than 5 gallons on pallets or solid pile, one high 0.25 5,000 8,000 100 2 1 Containers greater than 5 gallons on 2 pallets or solid pile, more than one 0.60 5,000 8,000 80 750 high, on end or side Portable tanks, one high 0.30 3,000 5,000 100 500 Portable tanks, two high 0.60 5,000 8,000 80 750 5 gallons or less, with or without 0.25 3,000 5,000 120 500 cartons, palletized or solid pile Containers greater than 5 gallons on pallets or solid pile, on end or sides, up 0.25 3,000 5,000 120 500 to three high Containers greater than 5 gallons, on 3,000 5,000 750 pallets or solid pile, on end or sides, up 0.35 100 to 18 feet high Portable tanks, one high 0.25 3,000 5,000 120 500 Portable tanks, two high 0.50 3,000 5,000 80 750 For SI: 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 gallon = 3.785 L, 1 square foot = 0.0929 m2, 1 gallon per minute = 3.785 L/m, 1 gallon per minute per square foot = 40.75 L/min/m2. a. The design area contemplates the use of Class II standpipe systems. Where Class I standpipe systems are used, the area of application shall be increased by 30 percent without revising density. b. For storage heights above 4 feet or ceiling heights greater than 18 feet, an approved engineering design shall be provided in accordance with Section 104.8.2. 5704.3.6.4 Warning for containers. Cans, containers 5704.3.7.2 Quantities and arrangement of storage. and vessels containing flammable liquids or flammable The quantity limits and storage arrangements in liquid liquid compounds or mixtures offered for sale shall be storage rooms shall be in accordance with Tables provided with a warning indicator, painted or printed 5704.3.6.3(2) and 5704.3.6.3(3) and Sections on the container and stating that the liquid is flamma- 5704.3.7.2.1 through 5704.3.7.2.3. ble, and shall be kept away from heat and an open flame. 5704.3.7.2.1 Mixed storage. Where two or more 5704.3.6.5 Storage plan. Where required by fire the classes of liquids are stored in a pile or rack section, code official, aisle and storage plans shall be submit- both of the following shall apply: ted in accordance with Chapter 50. 5704.3.7 Liquid storage rooms. Liquid storage rooms 1. The quantity in that pile or rack shall not shall comply with Sections 5704.3.7.1 through exceed the smallest of the maximum quan- 5704.3.7.5.2. tities for the classes of liquids stored in 5704.3.7.1 General. Quantities of liquids exceeding accordance with Table 5704.3.6.3(2) or those set forth in Section 5704.3.4.1 for storage in 5704.3.6.3(3). control areas shall be stored in a liquid storage room complying with this section and constructed and sepa- 2. The height of storage in that pile or rack rated as required by the International Building Code. shall not exceed the smallest of the maxi- mum heights for the classes of liquids 57-20 stored in accordance with Table 5704.3.6.3(2) or 5704.3.6.3(3). EDUFIRE.IR 2021 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE® Telegram: EDUFIRE.IR

2021 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE® TABLE 5704.3.6.3(5) AUTOMATIC SPRINKLER PROTECTION REQUIREMENTS FOR RACK STORAGE OF LIQUIDS IN EDUFIRE.IR METAL CONTAINERS OF 5-GALLON CAPACITY OR LESS WITH OR WITHOUT CARTONS ON CONVENTIONAL WOOD PALLETSa CEILING SPRINKLER DESIGN AND IN-RACK SPRINKLER ARRANGEMENT AND DEMAND DEMAND MINIMUM CLASS LIQUID Density Area Maximum Racks more than 30 psi Number of sprinklers MINIMUM DURATION (gpm/ft2) (square feet) spacing 9 feet to 12 feet deep (standard operating HOSE SPRINKLER I AND HOSE (maximum High- Ordinary Racks up to 9 feet deep orifice) STREAM 25-foot height) DEMAND STREAM Option 1 temperature temperature 14 psi (hours) (large (gpm) I sprinklers sprinklers orifice) 2 (maximum 750 25-foot height) 1. Ordinary temperature, quick- 1. Ordinary temperature, quick- 1. Eight sprinklers if 2 Option 2 response sprinklers, maxi- response sprinklers, maxi- only one level 500 mum 8 feet 3 inches mum 8 feet 3 inches 2 I and II horizontal spacing horizontal spacing 2. Six sprinklers each 500 (maximum 2. One line sprinklers above 2. One line sprinklers above 30 psi on two levels if 2 14-foot storage 0.40 3,000 5,000 80 ft2/ each level of storage each level of storage (0.5-inch only two levels 750 height) head 3. Locate in longitudinal flue 3. Locate in transverse flue orifice) 2 (maximum 3. Six sprinklers each 500 three tiers) space, staggered vertical spaces, staggered vertical on top three levels, and within 20 inches of aisle if three or more II 4. Shields required where 4. Shields required where levels (maximum multiple-level multiple-level 25-foot height) 4. Hydraulically most remote III (40-foot height) 1. Ordinary temperature, quick- 1. Ordinary temperature, quick- response sprinklers, maxi- response sprinklers, maxi- mum 8 feet 3 inches mum 8 feet 3 inches 14 psi 0.55 2,000b Not 100 ft2/ horizontal spacing horizontal spacing (0.53-inch See 1 through 4 above Applicable head 2. See 2 above 2. See 2 above orifice) 3. See 3 above 3. See 3 above 4. See 4 above 4. See 4 above 0.55c 2,000d Not 100 ft2/ Not Applicable Not Applicable Not Not Applicable Applicable head Applicable 0.30 3,000 None for maximum 0.25 3,000 5,000 100 ft2/ 6-foot-deep racks 5,000 head 1. Ordinary temperature sprin- 1. Ordinary temperature sprin- 120 ft2/ klers 8 feet apart horizontally klers 8 feet apart horizontally head 2. One line sprinklers between 2. Two lines between levels at levels at nearest 10-foot nearest 10-foot vertical Hydraulically most vertical intervals intervals remote—six sprinklers 3. Locate in longitudinal flue 3. Locate in transverse flue 30 psi at each level, up to a FLAMMABLE AND COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS space, staggered vertical spaces, staggered vertical maximum of three and within 20 inches of aisle levels 4. Shields required where 4. Shields required where multiple-level multiple-level 57-21 Same as for Class II liquids Same as for Class II liquids 30 psi Same as for Telegram: EDUFIRE.IR Class II liquids For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 square foot = 0.0929 m2, 1 pound per square inch = 6.895 kPa, 1 gallon = 3.785 L, 1 gallon per minute = 3.785 L/m, 1 gallon per minute per square foot = 40.75 L/min/m2. a. The design area contemplates the use of Class II standpipe systems. Where Class I standpipe systems are used, the area of application shall be increased by 30 percent without revising density. b. Using listed or approved extra-large orifices, high-temperature quick-response or standard element sprinklers under a maximum 30-foot ceiling with minimum 7.5-foot aisles. c. For friction lid cans and other metal containers equipped with plastic nozzles or caps, the density shall be increased to 0.65 gpm per square foot using listed or approved extra-large orifice, high-temperature quick-response sprinklers. d. Using listed or approved extra-large orifice, high-temperature quick-response or standard element sprinklers under a maximum 18-foot ceiling with minimum 7.5-foot aisles and metal containers.

57-22 TABLE 5704.3.6.3(6) FLAMMABLE AND COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS AUTOMATIC SPRINKLER PROTECTION REQUIREMENTS FOR RACK STORAGE OF LIQUIDS IN METAL CONTAINERS GREATER THAN 5-GALLON CAPACITYa EDUFIRE.IR CEILING SPRINKLER DESIGN AND IN-RACK SPRINKLER ARRANGEMENT AND DEMAND MINIMUM DEMAND DURATION MINIMUM SPRINKLER CLASS Density Area Maximum On-side storage racks up to On-end storage (on pallets) up to Minimum Number of sprin- HOSE AND HOSE LIQUID (gpm/ft2) (square feet) spacing 9-foot-deep racks 9-foot-deep racks nozzle klers operating STREAM STREAM High- Ordinary pressure DEMAND (hours) temperature temperature (gpm) sprinklers sprinklers IA 0.60 3,000 5,000 80 ft2/head 1. Ordinary temperature sprin- 1. Ordinary temperature sprin- 30 psi Hydraulically 1,000 2 klers 8 feet apart klers 8 feet apart most remote— (maximum horizontally horizontally six sprinklers 25-foot at each level height) 2. One line sprinklers above 2. One line sprinklers above each tier of storage each tier of storage 3. Locate in longitudinal flue 3. Locate in longitudinal flue space, staggered vertical space, staggered vertical 4. Shields required where 4. Shields required where multiple-level multiple-level IB, IC and 0.60 3,000 5,000 1. See 1 above 1. See 1 above 30 psi Hydraulically 750 2 II 2. See 2 above most remote— 2. One line sprinklers every six sprinklers (maximum 100 ft2/head three tiers of storage 3. See 3 above at each level 25-foot 4. See 4 above height) 3. See 3 above 4. See 4 above III 0.25 3,000 5,000 1. See 1 above 1. See 1 above 15 psi Hydraulically 500 1 (maximum 2. One line sprinklers every most remote— 40-foot 2. One line sprinklers every six sprinklers height) 120 ft2/head sixth level (maximum) third level (maximum) at each level 3. See 3 above 3. See 3 above 4. See 4 above 4. See 4 above For SI: 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 square foot = 0.0929 m2, 1 pound per square inch = 6.895 kPa, 1 gallon = 3.785 L, 1 gallon per minute = 3.785 L/m, 1 gallon per minute per square foot = 40.75 L/min/m2. a. The design assumes the use of Class II standpipe systems. Where a Class I standpipe system is used, the area of application shall be increased by 30 percent without revising density. 2021 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE® Telegram: EDUFIRE.IR

2021 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE® TABLE 5704.3.6.3(7) AUTOMATIC AFFF WATER PROTECTION REQUIREMENTS FOR RACK STORAGE OF LIQUIDS IN METAL CONTAINERS GREATER THAN 5-GALLON CAPACITYa, b EDUFIRE.IR CEILING SPRINKLER DESIGN IN-RACK SPRINKLER ARRANGEMENT AND DEMANDc AND DEMAND CLASS Density Area Minimum Number of Hose stream DURATION DURATION LIQUID (gpm/ft2) (square feet) nozzle sprinklers demandd AFFF WATER (gpm) SUPPLY High- Ordinary On-end storage of drumson pallets, up to 25 feet pressure operating SUPPLY (hours) (psi) (minimum) temperature temperature sprinklers sprinklers IA, IB, IC 0.30 1,500 2,500 1. Ordinary temperature sprinkler up to 10 feet apart 30 Three 500 15 2 and II horizontally sprinklers 2. One line sprinklers above each level of storage per level 3. Locate in longitudinal flue space, staggered vertically 4. Shields required for multiple-level For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 square foot = 0.0929 m2, 1 pound per square inch = 6.895 kPa, 1 gallon = 3.785 L, 1 gallon per minute = 3.785 L/m, 1 gallon per minute per square foot = 40.75 L/min/m2. a. System shall be a closed-head wet system with approved devices for proportioning aqueous film-forming foam. b. Except as modified herein, in-rack sprinklers shall be installed in accordance with NFPA 13. c. The height of storage shall not exceed 25 feet. d. Hose stream demand includes 11/2-inch inside hose connections, where required. TABLE 5704.3.6.3(8) AUTOMATIC SPRINKLER PROTECTION REQUIREMENTS FOR CLASS I LIQUID STORAGE IN METAL CONTAINERS OF 1-GALLON CAPACITY OR LESS WITH UNCARTONED OR CASE-CUT SHELF DISPLAY UP TO 6.5 FEET, AND PALLETIZED STORAGE ABOVE IN A DOUBLE-ROW RACK ARRAYa CEILING SPRINKLER DESIGN AND DEMAND IN-RACK SPRINKLER ARRANGEMENT AND DEMAND MINIMUM MINIMUM HOSE DURATION Area Minimum nozzle STREAM SPRINKLERS STORAGE HEIGHT Density (square feet) Maximum Racks up to 9 feet deep Racks 9 to Number of sprinklers DEMAND 12 feet pressure operating AND HOSE (gpm/ft2) High Ordinary spacing (gpm) STREAM temperature temperature (hours) Maximum 20-foot 0.60 2,000b Not 100 ft2/ 1. Ordinary temperature, quick-response Not 30 psi 1. Six sprinklers 500 2 FLAMMABLE AND COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS storage height Applicable head sprinklers, maximum 8 feet 3 inches Applicable (standard each on two levels horizontal spacing orifice) or 2. Hydraulically 2. One line of sprinklers at the 6-foot 14 psi most remote level and the 11.5-foot level of storage (large 12 sprinklers orifice) 3. Locate in longitudinal flue space, 57-23 staggered vertical Telegram: EDUFIRE.IR 4. Shields required where multiple-level For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 square foot = 0.0929 m2, 1 pound per square inch = 6.895 kPa, 1 gallon = 3.785 L, 1 gallon per minute = 3.785 L/m, 1 gallon per minute per square foot = 40.75 L/min/m2. a. This table shall not apply to racks with solid shelves. b. Using extra-large orifice sprinklers under a ceiling 30 feet or less in height. Minimum aisle width is 7.5 feet.

FLAMMABLE AND COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS 5704.3.7.2.2 Separation and aisles. Piles shall be Tables 5704.3.6.3(4) through 5704.3.6.3(7) and separated from each other by not less than 4-foot Table 5704.3.7.5.1. In-rack sprinklers shall also (1219 mm) aisles. Aisles shall be provided so that all comply with NFPA 13. containers are 20 feet (6096 mm) or less from an aisle. Where the storage of liquids is on racks, a Automatic foam-water systems and automatic minimum 4-foot-wide (1219 mm) aisle shall be aqueous film-forming foam (AFFF) water sprinkler provided between adjacent rows of racks and adja- systems shall not be used except where approved. cent storage of liquids. Main aisles shall be not less than 8 feet (2438 mm) wide. Protection criteria developed from fire modeling or full-scale fire testing conducted at an approved Additional aisles shall be provided for access to testing laboratory are allowed in lieu of the protec- doors, required windows and ventilation openings, tion as shown in Tables 5704.3.6.3(2) through standpipe connections, mechanical equipment and 5704.3.6.3(7) and Table 5704.3.7.5.1 where switches. Such aisles shall be not less than 3 feet approved. (914 mm) in width, unless greater widths are required for separation of piles or racks, in which 5704.3.7.5.2 Portable fire extinguishers. Not less case the greater width shall be provided. than one approved portable fire extinguisher complying with Section 906 and having a rating of 5704.3.7.2.3 Stabilizing and supports. Containers not less than 20-B shall be located not less than 10 and piles shall be separated by pallets or dunnage to feet (3048 mm) or more than 50 feet (15 240 mm) provide stability and to prevent excessive stress to from any Class I or II liquid storage area located container walls. Portable tanks stored over one tier outside of a liquid storage room. shall be designed to nest securely without dunnage. Not less than one portable fire extinguisher Requirements for portable tank design shall be having a rating of not less than 20-B shall be in accordance with Chapters 9 and 12 of NFPA 30. located outside of, but not more than 10 feet (3048 Shelving, racks, dunnage, scuffboards, floor over- mm) from, the door opening into a liquid storage lay and similar installations shall be of room. noncombustible construction or of wood not less than a 1-inch (25 mm) nominal thickness. Adequate 5704.3.8 Liquid storage warehouses. Buildings used for material-handling equipment shall be available to storage of flammable or combustible liquids in quantities handle tanks safely at upper tier levels. exceeding those set forth in Section 5704.3.4 for control areas and Section 5704.3.7 for liquid storage rooms shall 5704.3.7.3 Spill control and secondary containment. comply with Sections 5704.3.8.1 through 5704.3.8.5 and Liquid storage rooms shall be provided with spill shall be constructed and separated as required by the control and secondary containment in accordance with International Building Code. Section 5004.2. 5704.3.8.1 Quantities and storage arrangement. The 5704.3.7.4 Ventilation. Liquid storage rooms shall be total quantities of liquids in a liquid storage warehouse ventilated in accordance with Section 5004.3. shall not be limited. The arrangement of storage shall be in accordance with Table 5704.3.6.3(2) or 5704.3.7.5 Fire protection. Fire protection for liquid 5704.3.6.3(4). storage rooms shall comply with Sections 5704.3.7.5.1 and 5704.3.7.5.2. 5704.3.8.1.1 Mixed storage. Mixed storage shall be in accordance with Section 5704.3.7.2.1. 5704.3.7.5.1 Fire-protection systems. Liquid stor- age rooms shall be protected by automatic sprinkler 5704.3.8.1.2 Separation and aisles. Separation and systems installed in accordance with Chapter 9 and aisles shall be in accordance with Section 5704.3.7.2.2. TABLE 5704.3.7.5.1 AUTOMATIC AFFF-WATER PROTECTION REQUIREMENTS FOR SOLID-PILE AND PALLETIZED STORAGE OF LIQUIDS IN METAL CONTAINERS OF 5-GALLON CAPACITY OR LESSa, b CEILING SPRINKLER DESIGN AND DEMAND STORAGE HOSE DURATION DURATION HEIGHT DEMAND AFFF WATER PACKAGE CLASS Density Area Tempera- Maximum Orifice size SUPPLY TYPE LIQUID (feet) (gpm)c SUPPLY (hours) (gpm/ft2) (square feet) ture rating spacing (inch) Cartoned (minimum) 2 Uncartoned IB, IC, II 0.40 2,000 286°F 100 ft2/ 0.531 11 500 15 2 and III head IB, IC, II 0.30 2,000 286°F 100 ft2/ 0.5 or 12 500 15 and III head 0.531 For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 square foot = 0.0929 m2, 1 gallon per minute = 3.785 L/m, 1 gallon per minute per square foot = 40.75 L/min/m2, °C = [(°F) – 32]/1.8. a. System shall be a closed-head wet system with approved devices for proportioning aqueous film-forming foam. b. Maximum ceiling height of 30 feet. c. Hose stream demand includes 11/2-inch inside hose connections, where required. 57-24 2021 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE® EDUFIRE.IR Telegram: EDUFIRE.IR

FLAMMABLE AND COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS 5704.3.8.2 Spill control and secondary containment. 5704.4.1 Plans. Storage shall be in accordance with Liquid storage warehouses shall be provided with spill approved plans. control and secondary containment as set forth in Section 5004.2. 5704.4.2 Location on property. Outdoor storage of liquids in containers and portable tanks shall be in accor- 5704.3.8.3 Ventilation. Liquid storage warehouses dance with Table 5704.4.2. Storage of liquids near storing containers greater than 5 gallons (19 L) in buildings located on the same lot shall be in accordance capacity shall be ventilated at a rate of not less than with this section. 0.25 cfm per square foot (0.075 m3/s × m2) of floor area over the storage area. 5704.4.2.1 Mixed liquid piles. Where two or more classes of liquids are stored in a single pile, the quan- 5704.3.8.4 Automatic sprinkler systems. Liquid stor- tity in the pile shall not exceed the smallest of age warehouses shall be protected by automatic maximum quantities for the classes of material stored. sprinkler systems installed in accordance with Chapter 9 and Tables 5704.3.6.3(4) through 5704.3.6.3(7) and 5704.4.2.2 Access. Storage of containers or portable Table 5704.3.7.5.1, or Sections 16.4.1 through 16.4.3, tanks shall be provided with fire apparatus access 16.5.1 through 16.5.2.12, and Figures 16.4.1(a) roads in accordance with Chapter 5. through 16.4.1(c) and Tables 16.5.2.1 through 16.5.2.12 of NFPA 30. In-rack sprinklers shall also 5704.4.2.3 Security. The storage area shall be comply with NFPA 13. protected against tampering or trespassers where necessary and shall be kept free from weeds, debris Automatic foam-water systems and automatic and other combustible materials not necessary to the AFFF water sprinkler systems shall not be used except storage. where approved. 5704.4.2.4 Storage adjacent to buildings. Not more Protection criteria developed from fire modeling or than 1,100 gallons (4163 L) of liquids stored in closed full-scale fire testing conducted at an approved testing containers and portable tanks is allowed adjacent to a laboratory are allowed in lieu of the protection as building located on the same premises and under the shown in Tables 5704.3.6.3(2) through 5704.3.6.3(7) same management, provided that one of the following and Table 5704.3.7.5.1 where approved. requirements is met: 5704.3.8.5 Warehouse hose lines. In liquid storage 1. The building does not exceed one story in warehouses, either 11/2-inch (38 mm) lined or 1-inch height. Such building shall be of fire-resis- (25 mm) hard rubber hose lines shall be provided in tance-rated construction with noncombustible sufficient number to reach all liquid storage areas and exterior surfaces or noncombustible construc- shall be in accordance with Section 903 or 905. tion and shall be used principally for the storage of liquids. 5704.4 Outdoor storage of containers and portable tanks. Storage of flammable and combustible liquids in closed 2. The exterior building wall adjacent to the stor- containers and portable tanks outside of buildings shall be in age area shall have a fire-resistance rating of accordance with Section 5703 and Sections 5704.4.1 through not less than 2 hours, having no openings to 5704.4.8. Capacity limits for containers and portable tanks above-grade areas within 10 feet (3048 mm) shall be in accordance with Section 5704.3. horizontally of such storage and no openings to below-grade areas within 50 feet (15 240 mm) horizontally of such storage. TABLE 5704.4.2 OUTDOOR LIQUID STORAGE IN CONTAINERS AND PORTABLE TANKS CONTAINER STORAGE— PORTABLE TANK STORAGE— MINIMUM DISTANCE MINIMUM DISTANCE TO MINIMUM DISTANCE TO MAXIMUM PER PILE MAXIMUM PER PILE CLASS OF BETWEEN PILES OR LOT LINE OF PROPERTY PUBLIC STREET, PUBLIC LIQUID ALLEY OR PUBLIC WAYd Quantitya, b Height Quantitya, b Height RACKS THAT CAN BE BUILT ONc, d (feet) (gallons) (feet) (gallons) (feet) (feet) (feet) IA 1,100 10 2,200 7 5 50 10 IB 2,200 12 4,400 14 5 50 10 IC 4,400 12 8,800 14 5 50 10 II 8,800 12 17,600 14 5 25 5 III 22,000 18 44,000 14 5 10 5 For SI: 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 gallon 3.785 L. a. For mixed class storage, see Section 5704.4.2. b. For storage in racks, the quantity limits per pile do not apply, but the rack arrangement shall be limited to not more than 50 feet in length and two rows or 9 feet in depth. c. If protection by a public fire department or private fire brigade capable of providing cooling water streams is not available, the distance shall be doubled. d. Where the total quantity stored does not exceed 50 percent of the maximum allowed per pile, the distances are allowed to be reduced 50 percent, but not less than 3 feet. 2021 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE® 57-25 EDUFIRE.IR Telegram: EDUFIRE.IR

FLAMMABLE AND COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS The quantity of liquids stored adjacent to a building 5705.2 Liquid transfer. Liquid transfer equipment and protected in accordance with Item 2 is allowed to methods for transfer of Class I, II and IIIA liquids shall be exceed 1,100 gallons (4163 L), provided that the maxi- approved and be in accordance with Sections 5705.2.1 mum quantity per pile does not exceed 1,100 gallons through 5705.2.6. (4163 L) and each pile is separated by a 10-foot-mini- mum (3048 mm) clear space along the common wall. 5705.2.1 Pumps. Where positive-displacement pumps are used, they shall be provided with pressure relief Where the quantity stored exceeds 1,100 gallons discharging back to the tank, pump suction or other (4163 L) adjacent to a building complying with Item 1, approved location, or shall be provided with interlocks to or the provisions of Item 1 cannot be met, a minimum prevent over-pressure. distance in accordance with Table 5704.4.2, column 7 (“Minimum Distance to Lot Line of Property That Can 5705.2.2 Pressured systems. Where gases are introduced Be Built On”) shall be maintained between buildings to provide for transfer of Class I liquids, or Class II and and the nearest container or portable tank. III liquids transferred at temperatures at or above their flash points by pressure, only inert gases shall be used. 5704.4.3 Spill control and secondary containment. Controls, including pressure relief devices, shall be Storage areas shall be provided with spill control and provided to limit the pressure so that the maximum work- secondary containment in accordance with Section ing pressure of tanks, containers and piping systems 5703.4. cannot be exceeded. Where devices operating through pressure within a tank or container are used, the tank or Exception: Containers stored on approved contain- container shall be a pressure vessel approved for the ment pallets in accordance with Section 5004.2.3 and intended use. Air or oxygen shall not be used for containers stored in cabinets and lockers with integral pressurization. spill containment. Exception: Air transfer of Class II and III liquids at 5704.4.4 Security. Storage areas shall be protected temperatures below their flash points. against tampering or trespassers by fencing or other approved control measures. 5705.2.3 Piping, hoses and valves. Piping, hoses and valves used in liquid transfer operations shall be 5704.4.5 Protection from vehicles. Guard posts or other approved or listed for the intended use. means shall be provided to protect exterior storage tanks from vehicular damage. Where guard posts are installed, 5705.2.4 Class I, II and III liquids. Class I liquids or, the posts shall be installed in accordance with Section when heated to or above their flash points, Class II and 312. Class III liquids, shall be transferred by one of the follow- ing methods: 5704.4.6 Clearance from combustibles. The storage area shall be kept free from weeds, debris and combusti- 1. From safety cans complying with UL 30. ble materials not necessary to the storage. The area surrounding an exterior storage area shall be kept clear of 2. Through an approved closed piping system. such materials for a minimum distance of 15 feet (4572 mm). 3. From containers or tanks by an approved pump taking suction through an opening in the top of the 5704.4.7 Weather protection. Weather protection for container or tank. outdoor storage shall be in accordance with Section 5004.13. 4. For Class IB, IC, II and III liquids, from contain- ers or tanks by gravity through an approved self- 5704.4.8 Empty containers and tank storage. The stor- closing or automatic-closing valve where the age of empty tanks and containers previously used for the container or tank and dispensing operations are storage of flammable or combustible liquids, unless free provided with spill control and secondary contain- from explosive vapors, shall be stored as required for ment in accordance with Section 5703.4. Class IA filled containers and tanks. Tanks and containers when liquids shall not be dispensed by gravity from emptied shall have the covers or plugs immediately tanks. replaced in openings. 5. Approved engineered liquid transfer systems. SECTION 5705 DISPENSING, USE, MIXING AND HANDLING Exception: Liquids in original shipping containers not exceeding a 5.3-gallon (20 L) capacity. 5705.1 Scope. Dispensing, use, mixing and handling of flammable liquids shall be in accordance with Section 5703 5705.2.5 Manual container filling operations. Class I and this section. Tank vehicle and tank car loading and liquids or Class II and Class III liquids that are heated up unloading and other special operations shall be in accor- to or above their flash points shall not be transferred into dance with Section 5706. containers unless the nozzle and containers are electri- cally interconnected. Acceptable methods of electrical Exception: Containers of organic coatings having no fire interconnection include either of the following: point and which are opened for pigmentation are not required to comply with this section. 1. Metallic floor plates on which containers stand while filling, where such floor plates are electri- cally connected to the fill stem. 57-26 2021 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE® EDUFIRE.IR Telegram: EDUFIRE.IR

FLAMMABLE AND COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS 2. Where the fill stem is bonded to the container trically connected by bond wires, ground cables, piping or during filling by means of a bond wire. similar means to a static grounding system to maintain equipment at the same electrical potential to prevent 5705.2.6 Automatic container-filling operations for sparking. Class I liquids. Container-filling operations for Class I liquids involving conveyor belts or other automatic-feed- 5705.3.3 Heating, lighting and cooking appliances. ing operations shall be designed to prevent static Heating, lighting and cooking appliances that utilize accumulations. Class I liquids shall not be operated within a building or structure. 5705.3 Use, dispensing and mixing inside of buildings. Indoor use, dispensing and mixing of flammable and Exception: Operation in single-family dwellings. combustible liquids shall be in accordance with Section 5705.2 and Sections 5705.3.1 through 5705.3.5.3. 5705.3.4 Location of processing vessels. Processing vessels shall be located with respect to distances to lot 5705.3.1 Closure of mixing or blending vessels. Vessels lines of adjoining property that can be built on, in accor- used for mixing or blending of Class I liquids and Class II dance with Tables 5705.3.4(1) and 5705.3.4(2). or III liquids heated up to or above their flash points shall be provided with self-closing, tight-fitting, noncombusti- Exception: Where the exterior wall facing the adjoin- ble lids that will control a fire within such vessel. ing lot line is a blank wall having a fire-resistance rating of not less than 4 hours, the fire code official is Exception: Where such devices are impractical, authorized to modify the distances. The distance shall approved automatic or manually controlled fire-extin- be not less than that set forth in the International guishing devices shall be provided. Building Code, and where Class IA or unstable liquids are involved, explosion control shall be provided in 5705.3.2 Bonding of vessels. Where differences of poten- accordance with Section 911. tial could be created, vessels containing Class I liquids or liquids handled at or above their flash points shall be elec- TABLE 5705.3.4(1) SEPARATION OF PROCESSING VESSELS FROM LOT LINES PROCESSING VESSELS WITH EMERGENCY RELIEF VENTING LOCATIONa Stable liquids Unstable liquids Not in excess of 2.5 psig Table 5705.3.4(2) 2.5 times Table 5705.3.4(2) Over 2.5 psig 1.5 times Table 5705.3.4(2) 4 times Table 5705.3.4(2) For SI: 1 pound per square inch gauge = 6.895 kPa. a. Where protection of exposures by a public fire department or private fire brigade capable of providing cooling water streams on structures is not provided, distances shall be doubled. TABLE 5705.3.4(2) REFERENCE TABLE FOR USE WITH TABLE 5705.3.4(1) TANK CAPACITY MINIMUM DISTANCE FROM LOT LINE OF MINIMUM DISTANCE FROM NEAREST SIDE OF (gallons) A LOT THAT IS OR CAN BE BUILT ON, ANY PUBLIC WAY OR FROM NEAREST IMPORTANT 275 or less INCLUDING THE OPPOSITE SIDE OF A PUBLIC WAY BUILDING ON THE SAME PROPERTY 276 to 750 (feet) (feet) 751 to 12,000 12,001 to 30,000 55 30,001 to 50,000 50,001 to 100,000 10 5 100,001 to 500,000 500,001 to 1,000,000 15 5 1,000,001 to 2,000,000 2,000,001 to 3,000,000 20 5 3,000,001 or more 30 10 50 15 80 25 100 35 135 45 165 55 175 60 For SI: 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 gallon = 3.785 L. 2021 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE® 57-27 EDUFIRE.IR Telegram: EDUFIRE.IR

FLAMMABLE AND COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS 7. Group R occupancies: Quantities in Group R occupancies shall not exceed that necessary for 5705.3.5 Quantity limits for use. Liquid use quantity maintenance purposes and operation of equip- limitations shall comply with Sections 5705.3.5.1 through ment, and shall not exceed quantities set forth 5705.3.5.3. in Table 5003.1.1(1). 5705.3.5.1 Maximum allowable quantity per 8. Group S occupancies: Quantities in dining control area. Indoor use, dispensing and mixing of and office uses within Group S occupancies flammable and combustible liquids shall not exceed shall not exceed that necessary for demonstra- the maximum allowable quantity per control area indi- tion, laboratory work, maintenance purposes cated in Table 5003.1.1(1) and shall not exceed the and operation of equipment and shall not additional limitations set forth in Section 5705.3.5. exceed quantities set forth in Table 5003.1.1(1). Use of hazardous production material flammable and combustible liquids in Group H-5 occupancies Exception: Cleaning with Class I, II, or IIIA shall be in accordance with Chapter 27. liquids shall be in accordance with Section 5705.3.6. Exception: Cleaning with Class I, II and IIIA liquids shall be in accordance with Section 5705.3.6. 5705.3.5.3 Quantities exceeding limits for control areas. Quantities exceeding the maximum allowable 5705.3.5.2 Occupancy quantity limits. The following quantity per control area indicated in Sections limits for quantities of flammable and combustible 5705.3.5.1 and 5705.3.5.2 shall be in accordance with liquids used, dispensed or mixed based on occupancy the following: classification shall not be exceeded: 1. For open systems, indoor use, dispensing and 1. Group A occupancies: Quantities in Group A mixing of flammable and combustible liquids occupancies shall not exceed that necessary for shall be within a room or building complying demonstration, treatment, laboratory work, with the International Building Code and maintenance purposes and operation of equip- Sections 5705.3.7.1 through 5705.3.7.5.3. ment, and shall not exceed quantities set forth in Table 5003.1.1(1). 2. For closed systems, indoor use, dispensing and mixing of flammable and combustible liquids 2. Group B occupancies: Quantities in drinking, shall be within a room or building complying dining, office and school uses within Group B with the International Building Code and occupancies shall not exceed that necessary for Sections 5705.3.7 through 5705.3.7.4 and demonstration, treatment, laboratory work, Section 5705.3.7.6. maintenance purposes and operation of equip- ment, and shall not exceed quantities set forth 5705.3.6 Cleaning with flammable and combustible in Table 5003.1.1(1). liquids. Cleaning with Class I, II and IIIA liquids shall be in accordance with Sections 5705.3.6.1 through 3. Group E occupancies: Quantities in Group E 5705.3.6.2.7. occupancies shall not exceed that necessary for demonstration, treatment, laboratory work, Exceptions: maintenance purposes and operation of equip- ment and shall not exceed quantities set forth in 1. Dry cleaning shall be in accordance with Chap- Table 5003.1.1(1). ter 21. 4. Group F occupancies: Quantities in dining, 2. Spray-nozzle cleaning shall be in accordance office and school uses within Group F occu- with Section 2403.3.5. pancies shall not exceed that necessary for demonstration, laboratory work, maintenance 5705.3.6.1 Cleaning operations. Class IA liquids purposes and operation of equipment, and shall shall not be used for cleaning. Cleaning with Class IB, not exceed quantities set forth in Table IC or II liquids shall be conducted as follows: 5003.1.1(1). 1. In a room or building, Section 5705.3.7; or 5. Group I occupancies: Quantities in Group I occupancies shall not exceed that necessary for 2. In a parts cleaner listed, labeled and approved demonstration, laboratory work, maintenance for the purpose, Section 5705.3.6.2. purposes and operation of equipment, and shall not exceed quantities set forth in Table Exception: Materials used in commercial and 5003.1.1(1). industrial process-related cleaning operations in accordance with other provisions of this code and 6. Group M occupancies: Quantities in dining, not involving facilities maintenance cleaning office and school uses within Group M occu- operations. pancies shall not exceed that necessary for demonstration, laboratory work, maintenance 5705.3.6.2 Listed and approved machines. Parts purposes and operation of equipment, and shall cleaning and degreasing conducted in listed and not exceed quantities set forth in Table approved machines in accordance with Section 5003.1.1(1). 2021 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE® 57-28 Telegram: EDUFIRE.IR EDUFIRE.IR

5705.3.6.1 shall be in accordance with Sections FLAMMABLE AND COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS 5705.3.6.2.1 through 5705.3.6.2.7. flammable or combustible liquids shall be constructed 5705.3.6.2.1 Solvents. Solvents shall be classified in accordance with the International Building Code. and shall be compatible with the machines within which they are used. 5705.3.7.2 Basements. In rooms or buildings classi- fied in accordance with the International Building 5705.3.6.2.2 Machine capacities. The quantity of Code as Group H-2 or H-3, dispensing or mixing of solvent shall not exceed the listed design capacity of flammable or combustible liquids shall not be the machine for the solvent being used with the conducted in basements. machine. 5705.3.7.3 Fire protection. Rooms or buildings clas- 5705.3.6.2.3 Solvent quantity limits. Solvent quan- sified in accordance with the International Building tities shall be limited as follows: Code as Group H-2 or H-3 occupancies shall be equipped with an approved automatic fire-extinguish- 1. Machines without remote solvent reser- ing system in accordance with Chapter 9. voirs shall be limited to quantities set forth in Section 5705.3.5. 5705.3.7.4 Doors. Interior doors to rooms or portions of such buildings shall be self-closing fire doors in 2. Machines with remote solvent reservoirs accordance with the International Building Code. using Class I liquids shall be limited to quantities set forth in Section 5705.3.5. 5705.3.7.5 Open systems. Use, dispensing and mixing of flammable and combustible liquids in open systems 3. Machines with remote solvent reservoirs shall be in accordance with Sections 5705.3.7.5.1 using Class II liquids shall be limited to 35 through 5705.3.7.5.3. gallons (132 L) per machine. The total quantities shall not exceed an aggregate of 5705.3.7.5.1 Ventilation. Continuous mechanical 240 gallons (908 L) per control area in ventilation shall be provided at a rate of not less than buildings not equipped throughout with an 1 cfm per square foot [0.00508 m3/(s × m2)] of floor approved automatic sprinkler system and area over the design area. Provisions shall be made an aggregate of 480 gallons (1817 L) per for introduction of makeup air in such a manner to control area in buildings equipped include all floor areas or pits where vapors can throughout with an approved automatic collect. Local or spot ventilation shall be provided sprinkler system in accordance with where needed to prevent the accumulation of Section 903.3.1.1. hazardous vapors. Ventilation system design shall comply with the International Building Code and 4. Machines with remote solvent reservoirs International Mechanical Code. using Class IIIA liquids shall be limited to 80 gallons (303 L) per machine. Exception: Where natural ventilation can be shown to be effective for the materials used, 5705.3.6.2.4 Immersion soaking of parts. Work dispensed or mixed. areas of machines with remote solvent reservoirs shall not be used for immersion soaking of parts. 5705.3.7.5.2 Explosion control. Explosion control shall be provided in accordance with Section 911. 5705.3.6.2.5 Separation. Multiple machines shall be separated from each other by a distance of not 5705.3.7.5.3 Spill control and secondary contain- less than 30 feet (9144 mm) or by a fire barrier with ment. Spill control shall be provided in accordance a minimum 1-hour fire-resistance rating. with Section 5703.4 where Class I, II or IIIA liquids are dispensed into containers exceeding a 1.3-gallon 5705.3.6.2.6 Ventilation. Machines shall be located (5 L) capacity or mixed or used in open containers in areas adequately ventilated to prevent accumula- or systems exceeding a 5.3-gallon (20 L) capacity. tion of vapors. Spill control and secondary containment shall be provided in accordance with Section 5703.4 where 5705.3.6.2.7 Installation. Machines shall be the capacity of an individual container exceeds 55 installed in accordance with their listings. gallons (208 L) or the aggregate capacity of multiple containers or tanks exceeds 100 gallons (378.5 L). 5705.3.7 Rooms or buildings for quantities exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area. 5705.3.7.6 Closed systems. Use or mixing of flamma- Where required by Section 5705.3.5.3 or 5705.3.6.1, ble or combustible liquids in closed systems shall be in rooms or buildings used for the use, dispensing or mixing accordance with Sections 5705.3.7.6.1 through of flammable and combustible liquids in quantities 5705.3.7.6.3. exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area shall be in accordance with Sections 5705.3.7.1 5705.3.7.6.1 Ventilation. Closed systems designed through 5705.3.7.6.3. to be opened as part of normal operations shall be provided with ventilation in accordance with 5705.3.7.1 Construction, location and fire protec- Section 5705.3.7.5.1. tion. Rooms or buildings classified in accordance with the International Building Code as Group H-2 or H-3 5705.3.7.6.2 Explosion control. Explosion control occupancies based on use, dispensing or mixing of shall be provided where an explosive environment 2021 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE® 57-29 EDUFIRE.IR Telegram: EDUFIRE.IR

FLAMMABLE AND COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS can occur as a result of the mixing or use process. TABLE 5705.3.8.2 Explosion control shall be designed in accordance with Section 911. MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE QUANTITIES FOR Exception: Where process vessels are designed DISPENSING FLAMMABLE AND COMBUSTIBLE to contain fully the worst-case explosion antici- LIQUIDS IN OUTDOOR CONTROL AREASa, b pated within the vessel under process conditions considering the most likely failure. CLASS OF LIQUID QUANTITY (gallons) 5705.3.7.6.3 Spill control and secondary contain- Flammable ment. Spill control shall be provided in accordance with Section 5703.4 where flammable or combusti- Class IA 10 ble liquids are dispensed into containers exceeding a 1.3-gallon (5 L) capacity or mixed or used in open Class IB 15 containers or systems exceeding a 5.3-gallon (20 L) capacity. Spill control and secondary containment Class IC 20 shall be provided in accordance with Section 5703.4 where the capacity of an individual container Combination Class IA, IB and IC 30c exceeds 55 gallons (208 L) or the aggregate capacity of multiple containers or tanks exceeds 1,000 Combustible gallons (3785 L). Class II 30 5705.3.8 Use, dispensing and handling outside of buildings. Outside use, dispensing and handling shall be Class IIIA 80 in accordance with Sections 5705.3.8.1 through 5705.3.8.4. Class IIIB 3,300 Dispensing of liquids into motor vehicle fuel tanks at For SI: 1 gallon = 3.785 L. motor fuel-dispensing facilities shall be in accordance a. For definition of “Outdoor Control Area,” see Section 202. with Chapter 23. b. The fire code official is authorized to impose special conditions regard- 5705.3.8.1 Spill control. Outside use, dispensing and ing locations, types of containers, dispensing units, fire control measures handling areas shall be provided with spill control as and other factors involving fire safety. set forth in Section 5703.4. c. Containing not more than the maximum allowable quantity per control area of each individual class. 5705.3.8.2 Location on property. Dispensing activi- ties that exceed the quantities set forth in Table 5705.3.8.3 Location of processing vessels. Processing 5705.3.8.2 shall not be conducted within 15 feet (4572 vessels shall be located with respect to distances to lot mm) of buildings or combustible materials or within lines that can be built on in accordance with Table 25 feet (7620 mm) of building openings, lot lines, 5705.3.4(1). public streets, public alleys or public ways. Dispensing activities that exceed the quantities set forth in Table Exception: In refineries and distilleries. 5705.3.8.2 shall not be conducted within 15 feet (4572 mm) of storage of Class I, II or III liquids unless such 5705.3.8.4 Weather protection. Weather protection liquids are stored in tanks that are listed and labeled as for outdoor use shall be in accordance with Section 2-hour protected tank assemblies in accordance with 5005.3.9. UL 2085. 5705.4 Solvent distillation units. Solvent distillation units Exceptions: shall comply with Sections 5705.4.1 through 5705.4.9. 1. The requirements shall not apply to areas 5705.4.1 Unit with a capacity of 60 gallons or less. where only the following are dispensed: Solvent distillation units used to recycle Class I, II or IIIA Class III liquids; liquids that are heavier liquids having a distillation chamber capacity of 60 than water; water-miscible liquids; and gallons (227 L) or less shall be listed, labeled and liquids with viscosities greater than 10,000 installed in accordance with Section 5705.4 and UL 2208. centipoise (cp) (10 Pa × s). Exceptions: 2. Flammable and combustible liquid dispensing in refineries, chemical plants, 1. Solvent distillation units used in continuous process facilities, gas and crude oil through-put industrial processes where the production facilities and oil-blending and source of heat is remotely supplied using packaging facilities, terminals and bulk steam, hot water, oil or other heat transfer plants. fluids, the temperature of which is below the auto-ignition point of the solvent. 2. Approved research, testing and experimental processes. 5705.4.2 Units with a capacity exceeding 60 gallons. Solvent distillation units used to recycle Class I, II or IIIA liquids, having a distillation chamber capacity exceeding 60 gallons (227 L) shall be used in locations that comply with the use and mixing requirements of Section 5705 and other applicable provisions in this chapter. 57-30 2021 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE® EDUFIRE.IR Telegram: EDUFIRE.IR

5705.4.3 Prohibited processing. Class I, II and IIIA FLAMMABLE AND COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS liquids that are classified as unstable (reactive) shall not be processed in solvent distillation units. 5. Dispensers shall not release their contents except when the dispenser is manually activated. Facilities Exception: Appliances listed for the distillation of shall be permitted to install and use automatically unstable (reactive) solvents. activated “touch free” alcohol-based hand-rub dispensing devices with the following requirements: 5705.4.4 Labeling. A permanent label shall be affixed to the unit by the manufacturer. The label shall indicate the 5.1. The facility or persons responsible for the capacity of the distillation chamber, and the distance the dispensers shall test the dispensers each unit shall be placed away from sources of ignition. The time a new refill is installed in accordance label shall indicate the products for which the unit has with the manufacturer’s care and use been listed for use or refer to the instruction manual for a instructions. list of the products. 5.2. Dispensers shall be designed and must 5705.4.5 Manufacturer’s instruction manual. An operate in a manner that ensures accidental instruction manual shall be provided. The manual shall be or malicious activations of the dispensing readily available for the user and the fire code official. device are minimized. At a minimum, all The manual shall include installation, use and servicing devices subject to or used in accordance instructions. It shall identify the liquids for which the unit with this section shall have the following has been listed for distillation purposes along with each safety features: liquid’s flash point and auto-ignition temperature. For units with adjustable controls, the manual shall include 5.2.1. Any activations of the dispenser directions for setting the heater temperature for each shall only occur when an object liquid to be instilled. is placed within 4 inches (98 mm) of the sensing device. 5705.4.6 Location. Solvent distillation units shall be used in locations in accordance with the listing. Solvent distil- 5.2.2. The dispenser shall not dispense lation units shall not be used in basements. more than the amount required for hand hygiene consistent with 5705.4.7 Storage of liquids. Distilled liquids and liquids label instructions as regulated by awaiting distillation shall be stored in accordance with the United States Food and Drug Section 5704. Administration (USFDA). 5705.4.8 Storage of residues. Hazardous residue from 5.2.3. An object placed within the acti- the distillation process shall be stored in accordance with vation zone and left in place will Section 5704 and Chapter 50. cause only one activation. 5705.4.9 Portable fire extinguishers. Approved portable 6. Storage and use of alcohol-based hand rubs shall be fire extinguishers shall be provided in accordance with in accordance with the applicable provisions of Section 906. Not less than one portable fire extinguisher Sections 5704 and 5705. having a rating of not less than 40-B shall be located not less than 10 feet (3048 mm) or more than 30 feet (9144 7. Dispensers installed in occupancies with carpeted mm) from any solvent distillation unit. floors shall only be allowed in smoke compartments or fire areas equipped throughout with an approved 5705.5 Alcohol-based hand rubs classified as Class I or II automatic sprinkler system in accordance with liquids. The use of wall-mounted dispensers containing Section 903.3.1.1 or 903.3.1.2. alcohol-based hand rubs classified as Class I or II liquids shall be in accordance with all of the following: 5705.5.1 Corridor installations. In addition to the provi- sions of Section 5705.5, where wall-mounted dispensers 1. The maximum capacity of each dispenser shall be 68 containing alcohol-based hand rubs are installed in corri- ounces (2 L). dors or rooms and areas open to the corridor, they shall be in accordance with all of the following: 2. The minimum separation between dispensers shall be 48 inches (1219 mm). 1. Level 2 and 3 aerosol containers shall not be allowed in corridors. 3. The dispensers shall not be installed above, below, or closer than 1 inch (25 mm) to an electrical receptacle, 2. The maximum capacity of each Class I or II liquid switch, appliance, device or other ignition source. dispenser shall be 41 ounces (1.21 L) and the The wall space between the dispenser and the floor or maximum capacity of each Level 1 aerosol intervening counter top shall be free of electrical dispenser shall be 18 ounces (0.51 kg). receptacles, switches, appliances, devices or other ignition sources. 3. The maximum quantity allowed in a corridor within a control area shall be 10 gallons (37.85 L) 4. Dispensers shall be mounted so that the bottom of the of Class I or II liquids or 1135 ounces (32.2 kg) of dispenser is not less than 42 inches (1067 mm) and Level 1 aerosols, or a combination of Class I or II not more than 48 inches (1219 mm) above the liquids and Level 1 aerosols not to exceed, in total, finished floor. the equivalent of 10 gallons (37.85 L) or 1,135 ounces (32.2 kg) such that the sum of the ratios of 2021 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE® the liquid and aerosol quantities divided by the EDUFIRE.IR 57-31 Telegram: EDUFIRE.IR

FLAMMABLE AND COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS Individual containers shall not be interconnected and shall be kept closed when not in use. allowable quantity of liquids and aerosols, respec- tively, shall not exceed one. Containers stored outside of buildings shall be in 4. The minimum corridor width shall be 72 inches accordance with Section 5704 and the International (1829 mm). Building Code. 5. Projections into a corridor shall be in accordance with Section 1003.3.3. 5706.2.4 Permanent and temporary tanks. The capac- ity of permanent above-ground tanks containing Class I SECTION 5706 or II liquids shall not exceed 1,100 gallons (4164 L). The SPECIAL OPERATIONS capacity of temporary above-ground tanks containing 5706.1 General. This section shall cover the provisions for Class I or II liquids shall not exceed 10,000 gallons (37 special operations that include, but are not limited to, stor- 854 L). Tanks shall be of the single-compartment design. age, use, dispensing, mixing or handling of flammable and combustible liquids. The following special operations shall Exception: Permanent above-ground tanks of greater be in accordance with Sections 5701, 5703, 5704 and 5705, capacity that meet the requirements of Section 5704.2. except as provided in Section 5706. 1. Storage and dispensing of flammable and combusti- 5706.2.4.1 Fill-opening security. Fill openings shall ble liquids on farms and construction sites. be equipped with a locking closure device. Fill open- 2. Well drilling and operating. ings shall be separate from vent openings. 3. Bulk plants or terminals. 4. Bulk transfer and process transfer operations utiliz- 5706.2.4.2 Vents. Tanks shall be provided with a ing tank vehicles and tank cars. method of normal and emergency venting. Normal 5. Tank vehicles and tank vehicle operation. vents shall be in accordance with Section 5704.2.7.3. 6. Refineries. 7. Vapor recovery and vapor-processing systems. Emergency vents shall be in accordance with 5706.2 Storage and dispensing of flammable and Section 5704.2.7.4. Emergency vents shall be arranged combustible liquids on farms and construction sites. to discharge in a manner that prevents localized over- Permanent and temporary storage and dispensing of Class I heating or flame impingement on any part of the tank and II liquids for private use on farms and rural areas and at in the event that vapors from such vents are ignited. construction sites, earth-moving projects, gravel pits or borrow pits shall be in accordance with Sections 5706.2.1 5706.2.4.3 Location. Tanks containing Class I or II through 5706.2.8.1. liquids shall be kept outside and not less than 50 feet Exception: Storage and use of fuel oil and containers (15 240 mm) from buildings and combustible storage. connected with oil-burning equipment regulated by Additional distance shall be provided where necessary Section 605 and the International Mechanical Code. to ensure that vehicles, equipment and containers 5706.2.1 Combustibles and open flames near tanks. being filled directly from such tanks will not be less Storage areas shall be kept free from weeds and extrane- than 50 feet (15 240 mm) from structures, haystacks or ous combustible material. Open flames and smoking are other combustible storage. prohibited in flammable or combustible liquid storage areas. 5706.2.4.4 Locations where above-ground tanks are 5706.2.2 Marking of tanks and containers. Tanks and prohibited. The storage of Class I and II liquids in containers for the storage of liquids above ground shall be above-ground tanks is prohibited within the limits conspicuously marked with the name of the product that established by law as the limits of districts in which they contain and the words: “FLAMMABLE—KEEP such storage is prohibited [JURISDICTION TO SPECIFY]. FIRE AND FLAME AWAY.” Tanks shall bear the addi- tional marking: “KEEP 50 FEET FROM BUILDINGS.” 5706.2.5 Type of tank. Tanks shall be provided with top 5706.2.3 Containers for storage and use. Metal contain- openings only or shall be elevated for gravity discharge. ers used for storage of Class I or II liquids shall be in accordance with DOTn requirements or shall be of an 5706.2.5.1 Tanks with top openings only. Tanks with approved design. top openings shall be mounted in accordance with Discharge devices shall be of a type that do not either of the following: develop an internal pressure on the container. Pumping devices or approved self-closing faucets used for dispens- 1. On well-constructed metal legs connected to ing liquids shall not leak and shall be well-maintained. shoes or runners designed so that the tank is stabilized and the entire tank and its supports 57-32 can be moved as a unit. EDUFIRE.IR 2. For stationary tanks, on a stable base of timbers or blocks approximately 6 inches (152 mm) in height that prevents the tank from contacting the ground. 5706.2.5.1.1 Pumps and fittings. Tanks with top openings only shall be equipped with a tightly and permanently attached, approved pumping device having an approved hose of sufficient length for fill- ing vehicles, equipment or containers to be served from the tank. Either the pump or the hose shall be 2021 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE® Telegram: EDUFIRE.IR

FLAMMABLE AND COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS equipped with a padlock to its hanger to prevent 8. Provisions are made for controlling and mitigating tampering. An effective antisiphoning device shall unauthorized discharges. be included in the pump discharge unless a self-clos- ing nozzle is provided. Siphons or internal pressure 5706.2.8.1 Location. Dispensing from tank vehicles discharge devices shall not be used. shall be conducted not less than 50 feet (15 240 mm) from structures or combustible storage. 5706.2.5.2 Tanks for gravity discharge. Tanks with a connection in the bottom or the end for gravity- 5706.3 Well drilling and operating. Wells for oil and natu- dispensing liquids shall be mounted and equipped as ral gas shall be drilled and operated in accordance with follows: Sections 5706.3.1 through 5706.3.8. 1. Supports to elevate the tank for gravity 5706.3.1 Location. The location of wells shall comply discharge shall be designed to carry all with Sections 5706.3.1.1 through 5706.3.1.3.2. required loads and provide stability. 5706.3.1.1 Storage tanks and sources of ignition. 2. Bottom or end openings for gravity discharge Storage tanks or boilers, fired heaters, open-flame shall be equipped with a valve located adjacent devices or other sources of ignition shall not be located to the tank shell that will close automatically in within 25 feet (7620 mm) of well heads. Smoking is the event of fire through the operation of an prohibited at wells or tank locations except as desig- effective heat-activated releasing device. nated and in approved posted areas. Where this valve cannot be operated manually, it shall be supplemented by a second, manually Exception: Engines used in the drilling, production operated valve. and serving of wells. The gravity discharge outlet shall be provided with 5706.3.1.2 Streets and railways. Wells shall not be an approved hose equipped with a self-closing valve at drilled within 75 feet (22 860 mm) of any dedicated the discharge end of a type that can be padlocked to its public street, highway or nearest rail of an operating hanger. railway. 5706.2.6 Spill control drainage control and diking. 5706.3.1.3 Buildings. Wells shall not be drilled within Indoor storage and dispensing areas shall be provided 100 feet (30 480 mm) of buildings not necessary to the with spill control and drainage control as set forth in operation of the well. Section 5703.4. Outdoor storage areas shall be provided with drainage control or diking as set forth in Section 5706.3.1.3.1 Group A, E or I buildings. Wells 5704.2.10. shall not be drilled within 300 feet (91 440 mm) of buildings with an occupancy in Group A, E or I. 5706.2.7 Portable fire extinguishers. Portable fire extin- guishers with a minimum rating of 20-B:C and complying 5706.3.1.3.2 Existing wells. Where wells are exist- with Section 906 shall be provided where required by the ing, buildings shall not be constructed within the fire code official. distances set forth in Section 5706.3.1 for separation of wells or buildings. 5706.2.8 Dispensing from tank vehicles. Where approved, liquids used as fuels are allowed to be trans- 5706.3.2 Waste control. Control of waste materials asso- ferred from tank vehicles into the tanks of motor vehicles ciated with wells shall comply with Sections 5706.3.2.1 or special equipment, provided that: and 5706.3.2.2. 1. The tank vehicle’s specific function is that of 5706.3.2.1 Discharge on a street or water channel. supplying fuel to motor vehicle fuel tanks. Liquids containing crude petroleum or its products shall not be discharged into or on streets, highways, 2. The dispensing hose does not exceed 100 feet (30 drainage canals or ditches, storm drains or flood 480 mm) in length. control channels. 3. The dispensing nozzle is an approved type. 5706.3.2.2 Discharge and combustible materials on ground. The surface of the ground under, around or 4. The dispensing hose is properly placed on an near wells, pumps, boilers, oil storage tanks or build- approved reel or in a compartment provided ings shall be kept free from oil, waste oil, refuse or before the tank vehicle is moved. waste material. 5. Signs prohibiting smoking or open flames within 5706.3.3 Sumps. Sumps associated with wells shall 25 feet (7620 mm) of the vehicle or the point of comply with Sections 5706.3.3.1 through 5706.3.3.3. refueling are prominently posted on the tank vehicle. 5706.3.3.1 Maximum width. Sumps or other basins for the retention of oil or petroleum products shall not 6. Electrical devices and wiring in areas where fuel exceed 12 feet (3658 mm) in width. dispensing is conducted are in accordance with NFPA 70. 5706.3.3.2 Backfilling. Sumps or other basins for the retention of oil or petroleum products larger than 6 feet 7. Tank vehicle-dispensing equipment is operated by 6 feet by 6 feet (1829 mm by 1829 mm by 1829 only by designated personnel who are trained to mm) shall not be maintained longer than 60 days after handle and dispense motor fuels. the cessation of drilling operations. 2021 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE® 57-33 EDUFIRE.IR Telegram: EDUFIRE.IR

FLAMMABLE AND COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS 5706.4.4.1 Basements and pits. Class I liquids shall not be stored or used within a building having a base- 5706.3.3.3 Security. Sumps, diversion ditches and ment or pit into which flammable vapors can travel, depressions used as sumps shall be securely fenced or unless such area is provided with ventilation designed covered. to prevent the accumulation of flammable vapors therein. 5706.3.4 Prevention of blowouts. Protection shall be provided to control and prevent the blowout of a well. 5706.4.4.2 Dispensing of Class I liquids. Containers Protection equipment shall meet federal, state and other of Class I liquids shall not be drawn from or filled applicable jurisdiction requirements. within buildings unless a provision is made to prevent the accumulation of flammable vapors in hazardous 5706.3.5 Storage tanks. Storage of flammable or concentrations. Where mechanical ventilation is combustible liquids in tanks shall be in accordance with required, it shall be kept in operation while flammable Section 5704. Oil storage tanks or groups of tanks shall vapors could be present. have posted in a conspicuous place, on or near such tank or tanks, an approved sign with the name of the owner or 5706.4.5 Storage. Storage of Class I, II and IIIA liquids operator, or the lease number and the telephone number in bulk plants shall be in accordance with the applicable where a responsible person can be reached at any time. provisions of Section 5704. 5706.3.6 Soundproofing. Where soundproofing material 5706.4.6 Overfill protection of Class I and II liquids. is required during oil field operations, such material shall Manual and automatic systems shall be provided to be noncombustible. prevent overfill during the transfer of Class I and II liquids from mainline pipelines and marine vessels in 5706.3.7 Signs. Well locations shall have posted in a accordance with API 2350. conspicuous place on or near such tank or tanks an approved sign with the name of the owner or operator, 5706.4.7 Wharves. This section shall apply to all name of the leasee or the lease number, the well number wharves, piers, bulkheads and other structures over or and the telephone number where a responsible person can contiguous to navigable water having a primary function be reached at any time. Such signs shall be maintained on of transferring liquid cargo in bulk between shore instal- the premises from the time materials are delivered for lations and tank vessels, ships, barges, lighter boats or drilling purposes until the well is abandoned. other mobile floating craft. 5706.3.8 Field-loading racks. Field-loading racks shall Exception: Marine motor fuel-dispensing facilities in be in accordance with Section 5706.5. accordance with Chapter 23. 5706.4 Bulk plants or terminals. Portions of properties 5706.4.7.1 Transferring approvals. Handling pack- where flammable and combustible liquids are received by aged cargo of liquids, including full and empty drums, tank vessels, pipelines, tank cars or tank vehicles and stored bulk fuel and stores, over a wharf during cargo transfer or blended in bulk for the purpose of distribution by tank shall be subject to the approval of the wharf supervisor vessels, pipelines, tanks cars, tank vehicles or containers and the senior deck officer on duty. shall be in accordance with Sections 5706.4.1 through 5706.4.10.4. 5706.4.7.2 Transferring location. Wharves at which liquid cargoes are to be transferred in bulk quantities to 5706.4.1 Building construction. Buildings shall be or from tank vessels shall be not less than 100 feet constructed in accordance with the International Building (30 480 mm) from any bridge over a navigable water- Code. way; or from an entrance to, or superstructure of, any vehicular or railroad tunnel under a waterway. The 5706.4.2 Means of egress. Rooms in which liquids are termination of the fixed piping used for loading or stored, used or transferred by pumps shall have means of unloading at a wharf shall be not less than 200 feet egress arranged to prevent occupants from being trapped (60 960 mm) from a bridge or from an entrance to, or in the event of fire. superstructures of, a tunnel. 5706.4.3 Heating. Rooms in which Class I liquids are 5706.4.7.3 Superstructure and decking material. stored or used shall be heated only by means not consti- Superstructure and decking shall be designed for the tuting a source of ignition, such as steam or hot water. intended use. Decking shall be constructed of materi- Rooms containing heating appliances involving sources als that will afford the desired combination of of ignition shall be located and arranged to prevent entry flexibility, resistance to shock, durability, strength and of flammable vapors. fire resistance. 5706.4.4 Ventilation. Ventilation shall be provided for 5706.4.7.4 Tanks allowed. Tanks used exclusively for rooms, buildings and enclosures in which Class I liquids ballast water or Class II or III liquids are allowed to be are pumped, used or transferred. Design of ventilation installed on suitably designed wharves. systems shall consider the relatively high specific gravity of the vapors. Where natural ventilation is used, adequate 5706.4.7.5 Transferring equipment. Loading pumps openings in outside walls at floor level, unobstructed capable of building up pressures in excess of the safe except by louvers or coarse screens, shall be provided. working pressure of cargo hose or loading arms shall Where natural ventilation is inadequate, mechanical be provided with bypasses, relief valves or other ventilation shall be provided in accordance with the Inter- national Mechanical Code. 2021 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE® 57-34 Telegram: EDUFIRE.IR EDUFIRE.IR

FLAMMABLE AND COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS arrangements to protect the loading facilities against that the tank vessel is properly moored and connec- excessive pressure. Relief devices shall be tested not tions are properly made. less than annually to determine that they function satis- factorily at their set pressure. 5706.4.7.8 Mechanical work. Mechanical work shall not be performed on the wharf during cargo transfer, 5706.4.7.6 Piping, valves and fittings. Piping valves except under special authorization by the fire code offi- and fittings shall be in accordance with Section 5703.6 cial based on a review of the area involved, methods to except as modified by the following: be employed and precautions necessary. 1. Flexibility of piping shall be ensured by appro- 5706.4.8 Sources of ignition. Class I, II or IIIA liquids priate layout and arrangement of piping shall not be used, drawn or dispensed where flammable supports so that motion of the wharf structure vapors can reach a source of ignition. Smoking shall be resulting from wave action, currents, tides or prohibited except in designated locations. “No Smoking” the mooring of vessels will not subject the pipe signs complying with Section 310 shall be conspicuously to repeated excessive strain. posted where a hazard from flammable vapors is normally present. 2. Pipe joints that depend on the friction charac- teristics of combustible materials or on the 5706.4.9 Drainage control. Loading and unloading areas grooving of pipe ends for mechanical continu- shall be provided with drainage control in accordance ity of piping shall not be used. with Section 5704.2.10. 3. Swivel joints are allowed in piping to which 5706.4.10 Fire protection. Fire protection shall be in hoses are connected and for articulated, swivel- accordance with Chapter 9 and Sections 5706.4.10.1 joint transfer systems, provided that the design through 5706.4.10.4. is such that the mechanical strength of the joint will not be impaired if the packing materials 5706.4.10.1 Portable fire extinguishers. Portable fire fail such as by exposure to fire. extinguishers with a rating of not less than 20-B and complying with Section 906 shall be located within 75 4. Each line conveying Class I or II liquids lead- feet (22 860 mm) of hose connections, pumps and ing to a wharf shall be provided with a block separator tanks. valve that has ready access and that is on shore, near the approach to the wharf and 5706.4.10.2 Fire hoses. Where piped water is avail- outside of any diked area. Where more than able, ready-connected fire hose in a size appropriate one line is involved, the valves shall be for the water supply shall be provided in accordance grouped in one location. with Section 905 so that manifolds where connections are made and broken can be reached by not less than 5. Means shall be provided for easy access to one hose stream. cargo line valves located below the wharf deck. 5706.4.10.3 Obstruction of equipment. Material 6. Piping systems shall contain a sufficient shall not be placed on wharves in such a manner that number of valves to operate the system prop- would obstruct access to fire-fighting equipment or erly and to control the flow of liquid in normal important pipeline control valves. operation and in the event of physical damage. 5706.4.10.4 Fire apparatus access. Where the wharf 7. Piping on wharves shall be bonded and is designed for vehicular traffic, an unobstructed fire grounded where Class I and II liquids are trans- apparatus access road to the shore end of the wharf ported. Where excessive stray currents are shall be maintained in accordance with Chapter 5. encountered, insulating joints shall be installed. Bonding and grounding connections on piping 5706.5 Bulk transfer and process transfer operations. shall be located on the wharf side of hose riser Bulk transfer and process transfer operations shall be insulating flanges, where used, and shall be in a approved and be in accordance with Sections 5706.5.1 location provided with ready access for through 5706.5.4.5. Motor fuel-dispensing facilities shall inspection. comply with Chapter 23. 8. Hose or articulated swivel-joint pipe connec- 5706.5.1 General. The provisions of Sections 5706.5.1.1 tions used for cargo transfer shall be capable of through 5706.5.1.18 shall apply to bulk transfer and accommodating the combined effects of process transfer operations; Sections 5706.5.2 and change in draft and maximum tidal range, and 5706.5.2.1 shall apply to bulk transfer operations; mooring lines shall be kept adjusted to prevent Sections 5706.5.3 through 5706.5.3.3 shall apply to surge of the vessel from placing stress on the process transfer operations and Sections 5706.5.4 through cargo transfer system. 5706.5.4.5 shall apply to dispensing from tank vehicles and tank cars. 9. Hoses shall be supported to avoid kinking and damage from chafing. 5706.5.1.1 Location. Bulk transfer and process trans- fer operations shall be conducted in approved 5706.4.7.7 Loading and unloading. Loading or locations. Tank cars shall be unloaded only on private discharging shall not commence until the wharf super- sidings or railroad-siding facilities equipped for trans- intendent and officer in charge of the tank vessel agree 2021 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE® 57-35 EDUFIRE.IR Telegram: EDUFIRE.IR

FLAMMABLE AND COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS bond wire of adequate strength for the intended service and the electrical resistance shall not exceed 1 ferring flammable or combustible liquids. Tank megohm. For tank cars, bonding shall be provided vehicles and tank cars engaged in bulk transfer or where the resistance of a tank car to ground through process transfer operations shall be separated from the rails is 25 ohms or greater. buildings, above-ground tanks, combustible materials, lot lines, public streets, public alleys or public ways by Such bonding connection shall be fastened to the a distance of 25 feet (7620 mm) for Class I liquids and vehicle, car or tank before dome covers are raised and 15 feet (4572 mm) for Class II and IIIA liquids shall remain in place until filling is complete and all measured from the nearest loading or unloading valve dome covers have been closed and secured. on the tank vehicle or tank car. Exceptions: Exception: Buildings for pumps and shelters for personnel supporting transfer operations shall not be 1. Where vehicles and cars are loaded exclu- required to be separated from tank vehicles and tank sively with products not having a static- cars engaged in bulk transfer or process transfer accumulating tendency, such as asphalt, operations. cutback asphalt, most crude oils, residual oils and water-miscible liquids. 5706.5.1.2 Weather protection canopies. Where weather protection canopies are provided, they shall be 2. Where Class I liquids are not handled at constructed in accordance with Section 5004.13. the transfer facility and the tank vehicles Weather protection canopies shall not be located are used exclusively for Class II and III within 15 feet (4572 mm) of a building or combustible liquids. material or within 25 feet (7620 mm) of building open- ings, lot lines, public streets, public alleys or public 3. Where vehicles and cars are loaded or ways. unloaded through closed top or bottom connections whether the hose is conduc- 5706.5.1.3 Ventilation. Ventilation shall be provided tive or nonconductive. to prevent accumulation of vapors in accordance with Section 5705.3.7.5.1. Filling through open domes into the tanks of tank vehicles or tank cars that contain vapor-air mixtures 5706.5.1.4 Sources of ignition. Sources of ignition within the flammable range, or where the liquid being shall be controlled or eliminated in accordance with filled can form such a mixture, shall be by means of a Section 5003.7. downspout that extends to near the bottom of the tank. 5706.5.1.5 Spill control and secondary containment. 5706.5.1.8 Stray current protection. Tank car load- Areas where transfer operations are located shall be ing facilities where Class I, II or IIIA liquids are provided with spill control and secondary containment transferred through open domes shall be protected in accordance with Section 5703.4. The spill control against stray currents by permanently bonding the pipe and secondary containment system shall have a design to not less than one rail and to the transfer apparatus. capacity capable of containing the capacity of the larg- Multiple pipes entering the transfer areas shall be est tank compartment located in the area where permanently electrically bonded together. In areas transfer operations are conducted. Containment of the where excessive stray currents are known to exist, all rainfall volume specified in Section 5004.2.2.6 is not pipes entering the transfer area shall be provided with required. insulating sections to isolate electrically the transfer apparatus from the pipelines. 5706.5.1.6 Fire protection. Fire protection shall be in accordance with Section 5703.2. 5706.5.1.9 Top loading. When top loading a tank vehicle with Class I and II liquids without vapor 5706.5.1.7 Static protection. Static protection shall be control, valves used for the final control of flow shall provided to prevent the accumulation of static charges be of the self-closing type and shall be manually held during transfer operations. Bonding facilities shall be open except where automatic means are provided for provided during the transfer through open domes shutting off the flow when the tank is full. Where used, where Class I liquids are transferred, or where Class II automatic shutoff systems shall be provided with a and III liquids are transferred into tank vehicles or tank manual shutoff valve located at a safe distance from cars that could contain vapors from previous cargoes the loading nozzle to stop the flow if the automatic of Class I liquids. system fails. Protection shall consist of a metallic bond wire When top loading a tank vehicle with vapor permanently electrically connected to the fill stem. control, flow control shall be in accordance with The fill pipe assembly shall form a continuous electri- Section 5706.5.1.10. Self-closing valves shall not be cally conductive path downstream from the point of tied or locked in the open position. bonding. The free end of such bond wire shall be provided with a clamp or equivalent device for conve- 5706.5.1.10 Bottom loading. When bottom loading a nient attachment to a metallic part in electrical contact tank vehicle or tank car with or without vapor control, with the cargo tank of the tank vehicle or tank car. For a positive means shall be provided for loading a pre- tank vehicles, protection shall consist of a flexible determined quantity of liquid, together with an auto- 57-36 2021 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE® EDUFIRE.IR Telegram: EDUFIRE.IR

matic secondary shutoff control to prevent overfill. FLAMMABLE AND COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS The connecting components between the transfer equipment and the tank vehicle or tank car required to 5706.5.1.16 Tank vehicle and tank car stability. operate the secondary control shall be functionally Tank vehicles and tank cars shall be stabilized against compatible. movement during loading and unloading in accordance with Sections 5706.5.1.16.1 through 5706.5.1.16.3. 5706.5.1.10.1 Dry disconnect coupling. When bottom loading a tank vehicle, the coupling between 5706.5.1.16.1 Tank vehicles. When the vehicle is the liquid loading hose or pipe and the truck piping parked for loading or unloading, the cargo trailer shall be a dry disconnect coupling. portion of the tank vehicle shall be secured in a manner that will prevent unintentional movement. 5706.5.1.10.2 Venting. When bottom loading a tank vehicle or tank car that is equipped for vapor control 5706.5.1.16.2 Chock blocks. Not less than two and vapor control is not used, the tank shall be chock blocks not less than 5 inches by 5 inches by vented to the atmosphere to prevent pressurization 12 inches (127 mm by 127 mm by 305 mm) in size of the tank. Such venting shall be at a height equal to and dished to fit the contour of the tires shall be used or greater than the top of the cargo tank. during transfer operations of tank vehicles. 5706.5.1.10.3 Vapor-tight connection. Connec- 5706.5.1.16.3 Tank cars. Brakes shall be set and the tions to the plant vapor control system shall be wheels shall be blocked to prevent rolling. designed to prevent the escape of vapor to the atmo- sphere when not connected to a tank vehicle or tank 5706.5.1.17 Monitoring. Transfer operations shall be car. monitored by an approved monitoring system or by an attendant. Where monitoring is by an attendant, the 5706.5.1.10.4 Vapor-processing equipment. operator or other competent person shall be present at Vapor-processing equipment shall be separated all times. from above-ground tanks, warehouses, other plant buildings, transfer facilities or nearest lot line of 5706.5.1.18 Security. Transfer operations shall be adjoining property that can be built on by a distance surrounded by a noncombustible fence not less than 5 of not less than 25 feet (7620 mm). Vapor-process- feet (1524 mm) in height. Tank vehicles and tank cars ing equipment shall be protected from physical shall not be loaded or unloaded unless such vehicles damage by remote location, guard rails, curbs or are entirely within the fenced area. fencing. Exceptions: 5706.5.1.11 Switch loading. Tank vehicles or tank cars that have previously contained Class I liquids 1. Motor fuel-dispensing facilities complying shall not be loaded with Class II or III liquids until with Chapter 23. such vehicles and all piping, pumps, hoses and meters connected thereto have been completely drained and 2. Installations where adequate public safety flushed. exists because of isolation, natural barriers or other factors as determined appropriate 5706.5.1.12 Loading racks. Where provided, loading by the fire code official. racks, stairways or platforms shall be constructed of noncombustible materials. Buildings for pumps or for 3. Facilities or properties that are entirely shelter of loading personnel are allowed to be part of enclosed or protected from entry. the loading rack. Wiring and electrical equipment located within 25 feet (7620 mm) of any portion of the 5706.5.2 Bulk transfer. Bulk transfer shall be in accor- loading rack shall be in accordance with Section dance with Sections 5706.5.1 and 5706.5.2.1. 5703.1.1. 5706.5.2.1 Vehicle motor. Motors of tank vehicles or 5706.5.1.13 Transfer apparatus. Bulk and process tank cars shall be shut off during the making and transfer apparatus shall be of an approved type. breaking of hose connections and during the unloading operation. 5706.5.1.14 Inside buildings. Tank vehicles and tank cars shall not be located inside a building while trans- Exception: Where unloading is performed with a ferring Class I, II or IIIA liquids, unless approved by pump deriving its power from the tank vehicle the fire code official. motor. Exception: Tank vehicles are allowed under 5706.5.3 Process transfer. Process transfer shall be in weather protection canopies and canopies of auto- accordance with Section 5706.5.1 and Sections mobile motor vehicle fuel-dispensing stations. 5706.5.3.1 through 5706.5.3.3. 5706.5.1.15 Tank vehicle and tank car certification. 5706.5.3.1 Piping, valves, hoses and fittings. Piping, Certification shall be maintained for tank vehicles and valves, hoses and fittings that are not a part of the tank tank cars in accordance with DOTn 49 CFR Parts 100– vehicle or tank car shall be in accordance with Section 185. 5703.6. Caps or plugs that prevent leakage or spillage shall be provided at all points of connection to transfer 2021 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE® piping. EDUFIRE.IR 5706.5.3.1.1 Shutoff valves. Approved automati- cally or manually activated shutoff valves shall be provided where the transfer hose connects to the 57-37 Telegram: EDUFIRE.IR

FLAMMABLE AND COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS projects, gravel pits and borrow pits is allowed in accordance with Section 5706.2.8. process piping, and on both sides of any exterior fire-resistance-rated wall through which the piping 5706.5.4.5 Commercial, industrial, governmental passes. Manual shutoff valves shall be arranged so or manufacturing. Dispensing of Class II and III that they are able to be accessed from grade. Valves motor vehicle fuel from tank vehicles into the fuel shall not be locked in the open position. tanks of motor vehicles located at commercial, indus- trial, governmental or manufacturing establishments is 5706.5.3.1.2 Hydrostatic relief. Hydrostatic pres- allowed where permitted, provided that such dispens- sure-limiting or relief devices shall be provided ing operations are conducted in accordance with the where pressure buildup in trapped sections of the following: system could exceed the design pressure of the components of the system. 1. Dispensing shall occur only at sites that have been issued a permit to conduct mobile fueling. Devices shall relieve to other portions of the system or to another approved location. 2. The owner of a mobile fueling operation shall provide to the jurisdiction a written response 5706.5.3.1.3 Antisiphon valves. Antisiphon valves plan that demonstrates readiness to respond to shall be provided where the system design would a fuel spill and carry out appropriate mitigation allow siphonage. measures, and describes the process to dispose properly of contaminated materials. 5706.5.3.2 Vents. Normal and emergency vents shall be maintained operable at all times. 3. A detailed site plan shall be submitted with each application for a permit. The site plan 5706.5.3.3 Motive power. Motors of tank vehicles or shall indicate: all buildings, structures and tank cars shall be shut off during the making and appurtenances on site and their use or function; breaking of hose connections and during the unloading all uses adjacent to the lot lines of the site; the operation. locations of all storm drain openings, adjacent waterways or wetlands; information regarding Exception: When unloading is performed with a slope, natural drainage, curbing, impounding pump deriving its power from the tank vehicle and how a spill will be retained on the site motor. property; and the scale of the site plan. 5706.5.4 Dispensing from tank vehicles and tank cars. Provisions shall be made to prevent liquids Dispensing from tank vehicles and tank cars into the fuel spilled during dispensing operations from tanks of motor vehicles shall be prohibited unless allowed flowing into buildings or off-site. Acceptable by and conducted in accordance with Sections 5706.5.4.1 methods include, but shall not be limited to, through 5706.5.4.5. grading driveways, raising doorsills or other approved means. 5706.5.4.1 Marine craft and special equipment. Liquids intended for use as motor fuels are allowed to 4. The fire code official is allowed to impose be transferred from tank vehicles into the fuel tanks of limits on the times and days during which marine craft and special equipment where approved by mobile fueling operations is allowed to take the fire code official, and where: place, and specific locations on a site where fueling is permitted. 1. The tank vehicle’s specific function is that of supplying fuel to fuel tanks. 5. Mobile fueling operations shall be conducted in areas not open to the public or shall be 2. The operation is not performed where the limited to times when the public is not present. public has access or where there is unusual exposure to life and property. 6. Mobile fueling shall not take place within 15 feet (4572 mm) of buildings, property lines, 3. The dispensing line does not exceed 50 feet (15 combustible storage or storm drains. 240 mm) in length. Exceptions: 4. The dispensing nozzle is approved. 1. The distance to storm drains shall not 5706.5.4.2 Emergency refueling. Where approved by apply where an approved storm drain the fire code official, dispensing of motor vehicle fuel cover or an approved equivalent that from tank vehicles into the fuel tanks of motor vehicles will prevent any fuel from reaching is allowed during emergencies. Dispensing from tank the drain is in place prior to fueling vehicles shall be in accordance with Sections 5706.2.8 or a fueling hose being placed within and 5706.6. 15 feet (4572 mm) of the drain. Where placement of a storm drain 5706.5.4.3 Aircraft fueling. Transfer of liquids from cover will cause the accumulation of tank vehicles to the fuel tanks of aircraft shall be in excessive water or difficulty in accordance with Chapter 20. conducting the fueling, such cover 5706.5.4.4 Fueling of vehicles at farms, construction 2021 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE® sites and similar areas. Transfer of liquid from tank vehicles to motor vehicles for private use on farms and Telegram: EDUFIRE.IR rural areas and at construction sites, earth-moving 57-38 EDUFIRE.IR

FLAMMABLE AND COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS shall not be used and the fueling shall 18. The engines of vehicles being fueled shall be not take place within 15 feet (4572 shut off during dispensing operations. mm) of a drain. 19. Nighttime fueling operations shall only take 2. The distance to storm drains shall not place in adequately lighted areas. apply for drains that direct influent to approved oil interceptors. 20. The tank vehicle shall be positioned with respect to vehicles being fueled to prevent traf- 7. The tank vehicle shall comply with the require- fic from driving over the delivery hose. ments of NFPA 385 and local, state and federal requirements. The tank vehicle’s specific func- 21. During fueling operations, tank vehicle brakes tions shall include that of supplying fuel to shall be set, chock blocks shall be in place and motor vehicle fuel tanks. The vehicle and all its warning lights shall be in operation. equipment shall be maintained in good repair. 22. Motor vehicle fuel tanks shall not be topped 8. Signs prohibiting smoking or open flames off. within 25 feet (7620 mm) of the tank vehicle or the point of fueling shall be prominently posted 23. The dispensing hose shall be properly placed on three sides of the vehicle including the back on an approved reel or in an approved and both sides. compartment prior to moving the tank vehicle. 9. A portable fire extinguisher with a minimum 24. The fire code official and other appropriate rating of 40:BC shall be provided on the vehi- authorities shall be notified when a reportable cle with signage clearly indicating its location. spill or unauthorized discharge occurs. 10. The dispensing nozzles and hoses shall be of an 25. Operators shall place a drip pan or an absorbent approved and listed type. pillow under each fuel fill opening prior to and during dispensing operations. Drip pans shall 11. The dispensing hose shall not be extended from be liquid-tight. The pan or absorbent pillow the reel more than 100 feet (30 480 mm) in shall have a capacity of not less than 3 gallons length. (11.36 L). Spills retained in the drip pan or absorbent pillow need not be reported. Opera- 12. Absorbent materials, nonwater-absorbent pads, tors, when fueling, shall have on their person a 10-foot-long (3048 mm) containment boom, an absorbent pad capable of capturing diesel an approved container with lid and a nonmetal- fuel overfills. Except during fueling, the nozzle lic shovel shall be provided to mitigate a shall face upward and an absorbent pad shall be minimum 5-gallon (19 L) fuel spill. kept under the nozzle to catch drips. Contami- nated absorbent pads or pillows shall be 13. Tank vehicles shall be equipped with a “fuel disposed of regularly in accordance with local, limit” switch such as a count-back switch, to state and federal requirements. limit the amount of a single fueling operation to not more than 500 gallons (1893 L) before 5706.6 Tank vehicles and vehicle operation. Tank vehicles resetting the limit switch. shall be designed, constructed, equipped and maintained in accordance with NFPA 385 and Sections 5706.6.1 through Exception: Tank vehicles where the opera- 5706.6.4. tor carries and can utilize a remote emergency shutoff device that, when acti- 5706.6.1 Operation of tank vehicles. Tank vehicles shall vated, immediately causes flow of fuel from be utilized and operated in accordance with NFPA 385 the tank vehicle to cease. and Sections 5706.6.1.1 through 5706.6.1.11. 14. Persons responsible for dispensing operations 5706.6.1.1 Vehicle maintenance. Tank vehicles shall shall be trained in the appropriate mitigating not be operated unless they are in proper state of repair actions in the event of a fire, leak or spill. and free from accumulation of grease, oil or other Training records shall be maintained by the flammable substance, and leaks. dispensing company. 5706.6.1.2 Leaving vehicle unattended. The driver, 15. Operators of tank vehicles used for mobile operator or attendant of a tank vehicle shall not remain fueling operations shall have in their posses- in the vehicle cab and shall not leave the vehicle while sion at all times an emergency communications it is being filled or discharged. The delivery hose, device to notify the proper authorities in the when attached to a tank vehicle, shall be considered to event of an emergency. be a part of the tank vehicle. 16. The tank vehicle dispensing equipment shall be 5706.6.1.3 Vehicle motor shutdown. Motors of tank constantly attended and operated only by vehicles or tractors shall be shut down during the designated personnel who are trained to handle making or breaking of hose connections. If loading or and dispense motor fuels. unloading is performed without the use of a power pump, the tank vehicle or tractor motor shall be shut 17. Fuel dispensing shall be prohibited within 25 down throughout such operations. feet (7620 mm) of any source of ignition. 2021 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE® 57-39 EDUFIRE.IR Telegram: EDUFIRE.IR

FLAMMABLE AND COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS 5706.6.1.4 Outage. A cargo tank or compartment motor vehicles from passing through the area or areas thereof used for the transportation of flammable or occupied by hoses, or by other approved equivalent combustible liquids shall not be loaded to absolute means. capacity. The vacant space in a cargo tank or compart- ment thereof used in the transportation of flammable or 5706.6.2 Parking. Parking of tank vehicles shall be in combustible liquids shall be not less than 1 percent. accordance with Sections 5706.6.2.1 through 5706.6.2.3. Sufficient space shall be left vacant to prevent leakage from or distortion of such tank or compartment by Exception: In cases of accident, breakdown or other expansion of the contents caused by rise in tempera- emergencies, tank vehicles are allowed to be parked ture in transit. and left unattended at any location while the operator is obtaining assistance. 5706.6.1.5 Overfill protection. The driver, operator or attendant of a tank vehicle shall, before making 5706.6.2.1 Parking near residential, educational delivery to a tank, determine the unfilled capacity of and institutional occupancies and other high-risk such tank by a suitable gauging device. To prevent areas. Tank vehicles shall not be left unattended at any overfilling, the driver, operator or attendant shall not time on residential streets, or within 500 feet (152 m) deliver in excess of that amount. of a residential area, apartment or hotel complex, educational facility, hospital or care facility. Tank 5706.6.1.6 Securing hatches. During loading, hatch vehicles shall not be left unattended at any other place covers shall be secured on all but the receiving that would, in the opinion of the fire chief, pose an compartment. extreme life hazard. 5706.6.1.7 Liquid temperature. Materials shall not 5706.6.2.2 Parking on thoroughfares. Tank vehicles be loaded into or transported in a tank vehicle at a shall not be left unattended on a public street, highway, temperature above the material’s ignition temperature public avenue or public alley. unless safeguarded in an approved manner. Exceptions: 5706.6.1.8 Bonding to underground tanks. An exter- nal bond-wire connection or bond-wire integral with a 1. The necessary absence in connection with hose shall be provided for the transferring of flamma- loading or unloading the vehicle. During ble liquids through open connections into underground actual fuel transfer, Section 5706.6.1.2 tanks. shall apply. The vehicle location shall be in accordance with Section 5706.6.2.1. 5706.6.1.9 Smoking. Smoking by tank vehicle drivers, helpers or other personnel is prohibited while they are 2. Stops for meals during the day or night, driving, making deliveries, filling or making repairs to where the street is well lighted at the point tank vehicles. of parking. The vehicle location shall be in accordance with Section 5706.6.2.1. 5706.6.1.10 Hose connections. Delivery of flammable liquids to underground tanks with a capacity of more 5706.6.2.3 Duration exceeding 1 hour. Tank vehicles than 1,000 gallons (3785 L) shall be made by means of parked at one point for longer than 1 hour shall be approved liquid and vapor-tight connections between located off of public streets, highways, public avenues the delivery hose and tank fill pipe. Where under- or alleys, and in accordance with either of the ground tanks are equipped with any type of vapor following: recovery system, all connections required to be made for the safe and proper functioning of the particular 1. Inside of a bulk plant and either 25 feet (7620 vapor recovery process shall be made. Such connec- mm) or more from the nearest lot line or within tions shall be made liquid and vapor tight and remain a building approved for such use. connected throughout the unloading process. Vapors shall not be discharged at grade level during delivery. 2. At other approved locations not less than 50 feet (15 240 mm) from the buildings other than 5706.6.1.10.1 Simultaneous delivery. Simultane- those approved for the storage or servicing of ous delivery to underground tanks of any capacity such vehicles. from two or more discharge hoses shall be made by means of mechanically tight connections between 5706.6.3 Garaging. Tank vehicles shall not be parked or the hose and fill pipe. garaged in buildings other than those specifically approved for such use by the fire code official. 5706.6.1.11 Hose protection. Upon arrival at a point of delivery and prior to discharging any flammable or 5706.6.4 Portable fire extinguisher. Tank vehicles combustible liquids into underground tanks, the driver, shall be equipped with a portable fire extinguisher operator or attendant of the tank vehicle shall ensure complying with Section 906 and having a minimum that all hoses utilized for liquid delivery and vapor rating of 2-A:20-B:C. recovery, where required, will be protected from phys- ical damage by motor vehicles. Such protection shall During unloading of the tank vehicle, the portable fire be provided by positioning the tank vehicle to prevent extinguisher shall be out of the carrying device on the vehicle and shall be 15 feet (4572 mm) or more from the unloading valves. 57-40 2021 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE® EDUFIRE.IR Telegram: EDUFIRE.IR

FLAMMABLE AND COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS 5706.7 Refineries. Plants and portions of plants in which liquid transfer into the vessel and shutdown of vapor flammable liquids are produced on a scale from crude petro- recovery or vapor-processing systems. leum, natural gasoline or other hydrocarbon sources shall be in accordance with Sections 5706.7.1 through 5706.7.3. 5706.8.5 Overfill protection. Storage tanks served by Petroleum-processing plants and facilities or portions of vapor recovery or processing systems shall be equipped plants or facilities in which flammable or combustible liquids with overfill protection in accordance with Section are handled, treated or produced on a commercial scale from 5704.2.7.5.8. crude petroleum, natural gasoline, or other hydrocarbon sources shall also be in accordance with API 651, API 653, SECTION 5707 API 752, API 1615, API 2001, API 2003, API 2009, API ON-DEMAND MOBILE FUELING OPERATIONS 2015, API 2023, API 2201 and API 2350. 5707.1 General. On-demand mobile fueling operations that 5706.7.1 Corrosion protection. Above-ground tanks and dispense Class I, II and III liquids into the fuel tanks of piping systems shall be protected against corrosion in motor vehicles shall comply with Sections 5707.1 through accordance with API 651. 5707.6.6. 5706.7.2 Cleaning of tanks. The safe entry and cleaning Exception: Fueling from an approved portable container of petroleum storage tanks shall be conducted in accor- in cases of an emergency or for personal use. dance with API 2015. 5707.1.1 Approval required. Mobile fueling operations 5706.7.3 Storage of heated petroleum products. Where shall not be conducted without first obtaining a permit petroleum-derived asphalts and residues are stored in and approval from the fire code official. Mobile fueling heated tanks at refineries and bulk storage facilities or in operations shall occur only at approved locations. The tank vehicles, such products shall be in accordance with fire code official is authorized to approve individual loca- API 2023. tions or geographic areas where mobile fueling is allowed. 5706.8 Vapor recovery and vapor-processing systems. Vapor-processing systems in which the vapor source oper- 5707.2 Mobile fueling vehicle. An on-demand mobile fuel- ates at pressures from vacuum, up to and including 1 psig ing vehicle shall be that which is utilized in on-demand (6.9 kPa) or in which a potential exists for vapor mixtures in fueling operations for the dispensing of Class I, II or III the flammable range, shall comply with Sections 5706.8.1 liquids into the fuel tanks of motor vehicles. through 5706.8.5. 5707.2.1 Mobile fueling vehicle classifications. An on- Exceptions: demand mobile fueling vehicle shall be characterized as one of the following: 1. Marine systems complying with federal transpor- tation waterway regulations such as DOTn 33 1. Tier 1 mobile fueling vehicle. A tank vehicle that CFR Parts 154 through 156, and CGR 46 CFR complies with NFPA 385 and that has chassis- Parts 30, 32, 35 and 39. mounted tanks where the aggregate capacity does not exceed 1,600 gallons (6057 L). 2. Motor fuel-dispensing facility systems complying with Chapter 23. 2. Tier 2 mobile fueling vehicle. A vehicle with one or more chassis-mounted tanks or containers that 5706.8.1 Over-pressure/vacuum protection. Tanks and do not exceed 110 gallons (416 L) in capacity with equipment shall have independent venting for over-pres- an aggregate capacity that does not exceed 800 sure or vacuum conditions that might occur from gallons (3028 L) or the weight capacity of the malfunction of the vapor recovery or processing system. vehicle in accordance with DOTn. Exception: For tanks, venting shall comply with 3. Tier 3 mobile fueling vehicle. A vehicle that Section 5704.2.7.3. carries a maximum aggregate capacity of 60 gallons (227 L) of motor fuel in metal safety cans 5706.8.2 Vent location. Vents on vapor-processing listed in accordance with UL 30 or other approved equipment shall be not less than 12 feet (3658 mm) from metal containers, each not to exceed 5 gallons (19 adjacent ground level, with outlets located and directed so L) in capacity. that flammable vapors will disperse to below the lower flammable limit (LFL) before reaching locations contain- 5707.2.2 Mobile fueling vehicle requirements. Each ing potential ignition sources. mobile fueling vehicle shall comply with all local, state and federal requirements, as well as the following: 5706.8.3 Vapor collection systems and overfill protec- tion. The design and operation of the vapor collection 1. Mobile fueling vehicles with a chassis-mounted system and overfill protection shall be in accordance with tank in excess of 110 gallons (416 L) shall also this section and Section 19.5 of NFPA 30. comply with the requirements of Section 5706.6 and NFPA 385. 5706.8.4 Liquid-level monitoring. A liquid knock-out vessel used in the vapor collection system shall have 2. The mobile fueling vehicle and its equipment shall means to verify the liquid level and a high-liquid-level be maintained in good repair. sensor that activates an alarm. For unpopulated facilities, the high-liquid-level sensor shall initiate the shutdown of 2021 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE® 57-41 EDUFIRE.IR Telegram: EDUFIRE.IR

FLAMMABLE AND COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS 3. Safety cans and approved metal containers shall from metal safety cans or other approved metal be secured to the mobile fueling vehicle except containers in accordance with Section 5707.2. when in use. 2. The point of fueling shall not take place within 4. Fueling a motor vehicle from tanks or containers 10 feet (3048 mm) of buildings, lot lines, prop- mounted in a trailer connected to a mobile fueling erty lines or combustible storage where the vehicle shall be prohibited. mobile fueling vehicle has an approved vapor recovery system or is servicing vehicles with 5707.3 Required documents. Documents developed to onboard refueling vapor recovery. comply with Sections 5707.3.1 through 5707.3.3 shall be updated as necessary by the owner of the mobile fueling Where dispensing operations occur within 15 feet operation and shall be maintained in compliance with (4572 mm) of a storm drain, an approved storm drain Section 109.3. cover or an approved equivalent method that will prevent any fuel from reaching the drain shall be used. 5707.3.1 Safety and emergency response plan. Mobile fueling operators shall have an approved written safety 5707.4.2 Sources of ignition. Smoking, open flames and and emergency response plan that establishes policies and other sources of ignition shall be prohibited within 25 feet procedures for fire safety, spill prevention and control, (7620 mm) of fuel dispensing activities. Signs prohibiting personnel training and compliance with other applicable smoking or open flames within 25 feet (7620 mm) of the requirements of this code. vehicle or the point of fueling shall be prominently posted on the mobile fueling vehicle. The engines of vehicles 5707.3.2 Training records. Mobile fueling vehicles shall being fueled shall be shut off during fueling. be operated only by designated personnel who are trained on proper fueling procedures and the safety and emer- 5707.4.3 Electrical equipment. Mobile fueling shall not gency response plan. Training records of operators shall occur within 20 feet (6096 mm) of electrical equipment be maintained. located within 18 inches (457 mm) of the ground unless such electrical equipment is rated for Class I, Division 2, 5707.3.3 Site plan. Where required by the fire code offi- hazardous locations in accordance with NFPA 70. cial, a site plan shall be developed for each location or area at which mobile fueling occurs. The site plan shall be 5707.5 Equipment. Mobile fueling equipment shall comply in sufficient detail to indicate the following: with Sections 5707.5.1 through 5707.5.5. 1. All buildings and structures. 5707.5.1 Dispensing hoses and nozzles. Where equipped, the dispensing hose shall not exceed 50 feet (15 2. Lot lines or property lines. 240 mm) in length. The dispensing nozzles and hoses shall be of an approved and listed type. Where metal-to- 3. Electric car chargers. metal contact cannot be made between the nozzle and the fuel fill opening, a means for bonding the mobile fueling 4. Solar photovoltaic parking lot canopies. vehicle to the motor vehicle shall be provided and employed during fueling operations. 5. Appurtenances on-site and their use or function. 5707.5.2 Breakaway device. A listed breakaway device 6. All uses adjacent to the lot lines of the site. shall be provided at the nozzle. 7. Fueling locations. Exception: Mobile fueling vehicles equipped with an approved brake interlock tied to the nozzle holder that 8. Locations of all storm drain openings and adjacent prohibits movement of the mobile fueling vehicle waterways or wetlands. when the nozzle is removed from its holder or tied to the delivery of fuel that prevents activation of the 9. Information regarding slope, natural drainage, pumping system. curbing and impounding. 5707.5.3 Shutoff valve and fuel limit. Mobile fueling 10. How a spill will be kept on the site property. vehicles shall be equipped with a listed shutoff valve assembly and a fuel limit switch set to a maximum of 30 11. Scale of the site plan. gallons (116 L). 5707.4 Mobile fueling areas. During fueling, the mobile 5707.5.4 Fire extinguisher. An approved portable fire fueling vehicle and point of connection to the vehicle shall extinguisher complying with Section 906 with a mini- not be located on public streets, public ways or inside build- mum rating of 4-A:80-B:C shall be provided on the ings. Fueling on the roof level of parking structures or other mobile fueling vehicle with signage clearly indicating its buildings is prohibited. location. 5707.4.1 Separation. During fueling, the point of 5707.5.5 Spill kit. Mobile fueling vehicles shall contain a connection to the vehicle being fueled shall not take place minimum 5-gallon (19 L) spill kit of an approved type. within 25 feet (7620 mm) of buildings, lot lines, property lines or combustible storage. Mobile fueling vehicles 5707.6 Operations. Mobile fueling vehicles shall be shall not park within 10 feet (3048 mm) of buildings, lot constantly attended during fueling operations with brakes set lines, property lines or combustible storage. Exceptions: 1. The fire code official shall be authorized to decrease the separation distance for dispensing 57-42 2021 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE® EDUFIRE.IR Telegram: EDUFIRE.IR

FLAMMABLE AND COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS and warning lights in operation. Mobile fueling vehicles shall not obstruct emergency vehicle access roads. 5707.6.1 Dispensing hose. Where equipped, mobile fuel- ing vehicles shall be positioned in a manner to preclude traffic from driving over the dispensing hose. The dispensing hose shall be properly placed on an approved reel or in an approved compartment prior to moving the mobile fueling vehicle. 5707.6.2 Drip control. Operators shall place a drip pan or an absorbent pillow under the nozzle and each fuel fill opening prior to and during dispensing operations to catch drips. 5707.6.3 Safety cones. Safety cones or other visual barri- ers shall be employed as warning devices to highlight the vehicle fueling area. 5707.6.4 Vehicle lights. The mobile fueling vehicle flasher lights shall be in operation while dispensing oper- ations are in progress. 5707.6.5 Nighttime deliveries. Nighttime deliveries shall be made only in areas deemed adequately lighted by the fire code official. 5707.6.6 Spill reporting. Spills shall be reported in accordance with Section 5003.3.1. 2021 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE® 57-43 EDUFIRE.IR Telegram: EDUFIRE.IR

57-44 2021 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE® EDUFIRE.IR Telegram: EDUFIRE.IR

CHAPTER 58 FLAMMABLE GASES AND FLAMMABLE CRYOGENIC FLUIDS User note: About this chapter: Chapter 58 sets requirements for the storage and use of flammable gases. For safety purposes, there is a limit on the quantities of flammable gas allowed per control area. Exceeding these limitations increases the possibility of damage to both property and individuals. The principal hazard posed by flammable gas is its ready ignitability, or even explosivity, when mixed with air in the proper proportions. Consequently, occupancies storing or handling large quantities of flammable gas are classified as Group H-2 (high hazard) by the International Building Code®. SECTION 5801 ble gases in amounts not exceeding the maximum allowable GENERAL quantity per control area indicated in Section 5003.1 shall be in accordance with Sections 5001, 5003, 5801 and 5803. 5801.1 Scope. The storage and use of flammable gases and flammable cryogenic fluids shall be in accordance with this 5803.1.1 Special limitations for indoor storage and chapter, NFPA 2 and NFPA 55. Compressed gases shall also use. Flammable gases shall not be stored or used in Group comply with Chapter 53 and cryogenic fluids shall also A, E, I or R occupancies or in offices in Group B comply with Chapter 55. Flammable cryogenic fluids shall occupancies. comply with Section 5806. Hydrogen motor fuel-dispensing stations and repair garages and their associated above- Exceptions: ground hydrogen storage systems shall also be designed, constructed and maintained in accordance with Chapter 23. 1. Cylinders of nonliquefied compressed gases not exceeding a capacity of 250 cubic feet Exceptions: (7.08 m3) or liquefied gases not exceeding a 1. Gases used as refrigerants in refrigeration systems capacity of 40 pounds (18 kg) each at normal (see Section 608). temperature and pressure (NTP) used for 2. Liquefied petroleum gases and natural gases regu- maintenance purposes, patient care or opera- lated by Chapter 61. tion of equipment. 3. Fuel-gas systems and appliances regulated under the International Fuel Gas Code other than 2. Food service operations in accordance with gaseous hydrogen systems and appliances. Section 6103.2.1.7. 4. Pyrophoric gases in accordance with Chapter 64. 3. Hydrogen gas systems located in a hydrogen 5801.2 Permits. Permits shall be required as set forth in fuel gas room constructed in accordance with Section 105.5. Section 421 of the International Building Code. SECTION 5802 DEFINITIONS 5803.1.1.1 Medical gases. Medical gas system supply 5802.1 Definitions. The following terms are defined in cylinders shall be located in medical gas storage rooms Chapter 2: or gas cabinets as set forth in Section 5306. FLAMMABLE GAS. FLAMMABLE LIQUEFIED GAS. 5803.1.1.2 Aggregate quantity. The aggregate quanti- GAS DECTECTION SYSTEM. ties of flammable gases used for maintenance purposes GASEOUS HYDROGEN SYSTEM. and operation of equipment shall not exceed the maxi- HYDROGEN FUEL GAS ROOM. mum allowable quantity per control area indicated in METAL HYDRIDE. Table 5003.1.1(1). METAL HYDRIDE STORAGE SYSTEM. 5803.1.2 Storage containers. Cylinders and pressure SECTION 5803 vessels for flammable gases shall be designed, GENERAL REQUIREMENTS constructed, installed, tested and maintained in accor- 5803.1 Quantities not exceeding the maximum allowable dance with Chapter 53. quantity per control area. The storage and use of flamma- 5803.1.3 Emergency shutoff. Compressed gas systems conveying flammable gases shall be provided with approved manual or automatic emergency shutoff valves that can be activated at each point of use and at each source. 5803.1.3.1 Shutoff at source. A manual or automatic fail-safe emergency shutoff valve shall be installed on supply piping at the cylinder or bulk source. Manual or automatic cylinder valves are allowed to be used as the 2021 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE® 58-1 EDUFIRE.IR Telegram: EDUFIRE.IR

FLAMMABLE GASES AND FLAMMABLE CRYOGENIC FLUIDS required emergency shutoff valve where the source of SECTION 5804 supply is limited to unmanifolded cylinder sources. STORAGE 5803.1.3.2 Shutoff at point of use. A manual or auto- 5804.1 Indoor storage. Indoor storage of flammable gases matic emergency shutoff valve shall be installed on the in amounts exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per supply piping at the point of use or at a point where the control area indicated in Table 5003.1.1(1), shall be in equipment using the gas is connected to the supply accordance with Sections 5001, 5003 and 5004, and this system. chapter. 5803.1.4 Ignition source control. Ignition sources in 5804.1.1 Explosion control. Buildings or portions areas containing flammable gases in storage or in use thereof containing flammable gases shall be provided shall be controlled in accordance with Section 5003.7. with explosion control in accordance with Section 911. Exception: Fuel gas systems connected to building 5804.2 Outdoor storage. Outdoor storage of flammable service utilities in accordance with the International gases in amounts exceeding the maximum allowable quantity Fuel Gas Code. per control area indicated in Table 5003.1.1(3) shall be in accordance with Sections 5001, 5003 and 5004, and this 5803.1.4.1 Static-producing equipment. Static- chapter. producing equipment located in flammable gas storage areas shall be grounded. SECTION 5805 USE 5803.1.4.2 Signs. “No Smoking” signs shall be posted at entrances to rooms and in areas containing flamma- 5805.1 General. The use of flammable gases in amounts ble gases in accordance with Section 5003.7.1. exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area indicated in Table 5003.1.1(1) or Table 5003.1.1(3) shall be 5803.1.5 Electrical. Electrical wiring and equipment in accordance with Sections 5001, 5003 and 5005, and this shall be installed and maintained in accordance with chapter. Section 603 and NFPA 70. SECTION 5806 5803.1.5.1 Bonding of electrically conductive mate- FLAMMABLE CRYOGENIC FLUIDS rials and equipment. Exposed noncurrent-carrying metal parts, including metal gas piping systems, that 5806.1 General. The storage and use of flammable cryo- are part of flammable gas supply systems located in a genic fluids shall be in accordance with Sections 5806.2 hazardous (electrically classified) location shall be through 5806.4.8.3 and Chapter 55. bonded to a grounded conductor in accordance with the provisions of NFPA 70. 5806.2 Limitations. Storage of flammable cryogenic fluids in stationary containers outside of buildings is prohibited 5803.1.5.2 Static-producing equipment. Static- within the limits established by law as the limits of districts producing equipment located in flammable gas storage in which such storage is prohibited [JURISDICTION TO or use areas shall be grounded. SPECIFY]. 5803.1.6 Liquefied flammable gases and flammable 5806.3 Above-ground tanks for liquid hydrogen. Above- gases in solution. Containers of liquefied flammable ground tanks for the storage of liquid hydrogen shall be in gases and flammable gases in solution shall be positioned accordance with Sections 5806.3.1 through 5806.3.2.1. in the upright position or positioned so that the pressure relief valve is in direct contact with the vapor space of the 5806.3.1 Construction of the inner vessel. The inner container. vessel of storage tanks in liquid hydrogen service shall be designed and constructed in accordance with Section Exceptions: VIII, Division 1, of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code and shall be vacuum jacketed in accordance with 1. Containers of flammable gases in solution with Section 5806.3.2. a capacity of 1.3 gallons (5 L) or less. 5806.3.2 Construction of the vacuum jacket (outer 2. Containers of flammable liquefied gases, with vessel). The vacuum jacket used as an outer vessel for a capacity not exceeding 1.3 gallons (5 L), storage tanks in liquid hydrogen service shall be of designed to preclude the discharge of liquid welded steel construction designed to withstand the maxi- from safety relief devices. mum internal and external pressure to which it will be subjected under operating conditions to include condi- 5803.2 Quantities exceeding the maximum allowable tions of emergency pressure relief of the annular space quantity per control area. The storage and use of flamma- between the inner and outer vessel. The jacket shall be ble gases in amounts exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area indicated in Section 5003.1 shall be in accordance with Chapter 50 and this chapter. 58-2 2021 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE® EDUFIRE.IR Telegram: EDUFIRE.IR

FLAMMABLE GASES AND FLAMMABLE CRYOGENIC FLUIDS designed to withstand a minimum collapsing pressure 5806.4.8 Vacuum jacket construction. The vacuum differential of 30 psi (207 kPa). jacket shall be designed and constructed in accordance with Section VIII of ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel 5806.3.2.1 Vacuum-level monitoring. A connection Code and shall be designed to withstand the anticipated shall be provided on the exterior of the vacuum jacket loading, including loading from vehicular traffic, where to allow measurement of the pressure within the annu- applicable. Portions of the vacuum jacket installed below lar space between the inner and outer vessel. The grade shall be designed to withstand anticipated soil, seis- connection shall be fitted with a bellows-sealed or mic and hydrostatic loading. diaphragm-type valve equipped with a vacuum gauge tube that is shielded to protect against damage from 5806.4.8.1 Material. The vacuum jacket shall be impact. constructed of stainless steel or other approved corro- sion-resistant material. 5806.4 Underground tanks for liquid hydrogen. Under- ground tanks for the storage of liquid hydrogen shall be in 5806.4.8.2 Corrosion protection. The vacuum jacket accordance with Sections 5806.4.1 through 5806.4.8.3. shall be protected by approved or listed corrosion- resistant materials or an engineered cathodic protec- 5806.4.1 Construction. Storage tanks for liquid hydro- tion system. Where cathodic protection is utilized, an gen shall be designed and constructed in accordance with approved maintenance schedule shall be established. ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code (Section VIII, Exposed components shall be inspected not less than Division 1) and shall be vacuum jacketed in accordance twice a year. Records of maintenance and inspection with Section 5806.4.8. events shall be maintained. 5806.4.2 Location. Storage tanks shall be located outside 5806.4.8.3 Vacuum-level monitoring. An approved in accordance with the following: method shall be provided to indicate loss of vacuum within the vacuum jacket(s). 1. Tanks and associated equipment shall be located with respect to foundations and supports of other SECTION 5807 structures such that the loads carried by the latter METAL HYDRIDE STORAGE SYSTEMS cannot be transmitted to the tank. 5807.1 General requirements. The storage and use of metal 2. The distance from any part of the tank to the near- hydride storage systems shall be in accordance with Sections est wall of a basement, pit, cellar or lot line shall 5801, 5803, 5804, 5805 and 5807. Those portions of the be not less than 3 feet (914 mm). system that are used as a means to store or supply hydrogen shall also comply with Chapters 50 and 53 as applicable. 3. A minimum distance of 1 foot (305 mm), shell to shell, shall be maintained between underground 5807.1.1 Classification. The hazard classification of the tanks. metal hydride storage system, as required by Section 5001.2.2, shall be based on the hydrogen stored without 5806.4.3 Depth, cover and fill. The tank shall be buried regard to the metal hydride content. such that the top of the vacuum jacket is covered with not less than 1 foot (305 mm) of earth and with concrete not 5807.1.2 Listed or approved systems. Metal hydride less than 4 inches (102 mm) thick placed over the earthen storage systems shall be listed or approved for the appli- cover. The concrete shall extend not less than 1 foot (305 cation and designed in a manner that prevents the addition mm) horizontally beyond the footprint of the tank in all or removal of the metal hydride by other than the original directions. Underground tanks shall be set on firm foun- equipment manufacturer. dations constructed in accordance with the International Building Code and surrounded with not less than 6 inches 5807.1.3 Containers, design and construction. (152 mm) of noncorrosive inert material, such as sand. Compressed gas containers, cylinders and tanks shall be designed and constructed in accordance with Section Exception: The vertical extension of the vacuum 5303.2. jacket as required for service connections. 5807.1.4 Service life and inspection of containers. 5806.4.4 Anchorage and security. Tanks and systems Metal hydride storage system cylinders, containers or shall be secured against accidental dislodgement in accor- tanks shall be inspected, tested and requalified for service dance with this chapter. at not less than 5-year intervals. 5806.4.5 Venting of underground tanks. Vent pipes for 5807.1.5 Marking and labeling. Marking and labeling of underground storage tanks shall be in accordance with cylinders, containers, tanks and systems shall be in accor- Section 5503.3. dance with Section 5303.4 and Sections 5807.1.5.1 through 5807.1.5.4. 5806.4.6 Underground liquid hydrogen piping. Under- ground liquid hydrogen piping shall be vacuum jacketed 5807.1.5.1 System marking. Metal hydride storage or protected by approved means and designed in accor- systems shall be marked with all of the following: dance with Chapter 55. 1. Manufacturer’s name. 5806.4.7 Overfill protection and prevention systems. An approved means or method shall be provided to prevent the overfill of all storage tanks. 2021 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE® 58-3 EDUFIRE.IR Telegram: EDUFIRE.IR

FLAMMABLE GASES AND FLAMMABLE CRYOGENIC FLUIDS 2. Service life indicating the last date the system ing 125°F (52°C) or subambient (low) temperatures can be used. unless designed for use under the exposed conditions. 3. A unique code or serial number specific to the 5807.1.7 Falling objects. Metal hydride storage systems unit. shall not be placed in areas where they are capable of being damaged by falling objects. 4. System name or product code that identifies the system by the type of chemistry used in the 5807.1.8 Piping systems. Piping, including tubing, system. valves, fittings and pressure regulators, serving metal hydride storage systems, shall be maintained gas tight to 5. Emergency contact name, telephone number or prevent leakage. other contact information. 5807.1.8.1 Leaking systems. Leaking systems shall be 6. Limitations on refilling of containers to include removed from service. rated charging pressure and capacity. 5807.1.9 Refilling of containers. The refilling of listed or 5807.1.5.2 Valve marking. Metal hydride storage approved metal hydride storage systems shall be in accor- system valves shall be marked with all of the dance with the listing requirements and manufacturer’s following: instructions. 1. Manufacturer’s name. 5807.1.9.1 Industrial trucks. The refilling of metal hydride storage systems serving powered industrial 2. Service life indicating the last date the valve trucks shall be in accordance with Section 309. can be used. 5807.1.9.2 Hydrogen purity. The purity of hydrogen 3. Metal hydride service in which the valve can used for the purpose of refilling containers shall be in be used, or a product code that is traceable to accordance with the listing and the manufacturer’s this information. instructions. 5807.1.5.3 Pressure relief device marking. Metal 5807.1.10 Electrical. Electrical components for metal hydride storage system pressure relief devices shall be hydride storage systems shall be designed, constructed marked with all of the following: and installed in accordance with NFPA 70. 1. Manufacturer’s name. 5807.2 Portable containers or systems. Portable containers or systems shall comply with Sections 5807.2.1 through 2. Metal hydride service in which the device can 5807.2.2. be used, or a product code that is traceable to this information. 5807.2.1 Securing containers. Containers, cylinders and tanks shall be secured in accordance with Section 3. Activation parameters to include temperature, 5303.5.3. pressure or both. 5807.2.1.1 Use on mobile equipment. Where a metal 5807.1.5.3.1 Pressure relief devices integral to hydride storage system is used on mobile equipment, container valves. The required markings for pres- the equipment shall be designed to restrain containers, sure relief devices that are integral components of cylinders or tanks from dislodgement, slipping or valves used on cylinders, containers and tanks shall rotating when the equipment is in motion. be allowed to be placed on the valve. 5807.2.1.2 Motorized equipment. Metal hydride stor- 5807.1.5.4 Pressure vessel markings. Cylinders, age systems used on motorized equipment, shall be containers and tanks used in metal hydride storage installed in a manner that protects valves, pressure systems shall be marked with all of the following: regulators, fittings and controls against accidental impact. 1. Manufacturer’s name. 5807.2.1.2.1 Protection from damage. Metal 2. Design specification to which the vessel was hydride storage systems, including cylinders, manufactured. containers, tanks and fittings, shall not extend beyond the platform of the mobile equipment. 3. Authorized body approving the design and initial inspection and test of the vessel. 5807.2.2 Valves. Valves on containers, cylinders and tanks shall remain closed except when containers are 4. Manufacturer’s original test date. connected to closed systems and ready for use. 5. Unique serial number for the vessel. SECTION 5808 HYDROGEN FUEL GAS ROOMS 6. Service life identifying the last date the vessel can be used. 5808.1 General. Where required by this code, hydrogen fuel gas rooms shall be designed and constructed in accordance 7. System name or product code that identifies the system by the type of chemistry used in the system. 5807.1.6 Temperature extremes. Metal hydride storage systems, whether full or partially full, shall not be exposed to artificially created high temperatures exceed- 58-4 2021 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE® EDUFIRE.IR Telegram: EDUFIRE.IR

FLAMMABLE GASES AND FLAMMABLE CRYOGENIC FLUIDS with Sections 5808.1 through 5808.7 and the International Building Code. 5808.2 Location. Hydrogen fuel gas rooms shall not be located below grade. 5808.3 Design and construction. Hydrogen fuel gas rooms not exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area in Table 5003.1.1(1) shall be separated from other areas of the building in accordance with Section 509.1 of the Inter- national Building Code. 5808.3.1 Pressure control. Hydrogen fuel gas rooms shall be provided with a ventilation system designed to maintain the room at a negative pressure in relation to surrounding rooms and spaces. 5808.3.2 Windows. Operable windows in interior walls shall not be permitted. Fixed windows shall be permitted where in accordance with Section 716 of the Interna- tional Building Code. 5808.4 Exhaust ventilation. Hydrogen fuel gas rooms shall be provided with mechanical exhaust ventilation in accor- dance with the applicable provisions of Section 2311.8.2. 5808.5 Gas detection system. Hydrogen fuel gas rooms shall be provided with a gas detection system that complies with Sections 916, 5808.5.1 and 5808.5.2. 5808.5.1 System activation. Activation of a gas detection system alarm shall result in both of the following: 1. Initiation of distinct audible and visible alarm signals both inside and outside of the hydrogen fuel gas room. 2. Automatic activation of the mechanical exhaust ventilation system. 5808.5.2 Failure of the gas detection system. Failure of the gas detection system shall automatically activate the mechanical exhaust ventilation system, stop hydrogen generation and cause a trouble signal to sound at an approved location. 5808.6 Explosion control. Explosion control shall be provided where required by Section 911. 5808.7 Standby power. Mechanical ventilation and gas detection systems shall be connected to a standby power system in accordance with Section 1203. 2021 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE® 58-5 EDUFIRE.IR Telegram: EDUFIRE.IR

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CHAPTER 59 FLAMMABLE SOLIDS User note: About this chapter: Chapter 59 addresses general requirements for storage and handling of flammable solids, especially magnesium; however, it is important to note that several other solid materials, including such metals as titanium, zirconium, hafnium, calcium, zinc, sodium, lithium, potassium, sodium/potassium alloys, uranium, thorium and plutonium, can be explosion hazards under the right conditions. Some of these metals are almost exclusively laboratory materials but because of where they are used, fire service personnel must be trained to handle emergency situations. Because uranium, thorium and plutonium are also radioactive materials, they pose more special- ized problems for fire service personnel. SECTION 5901 5904.1.2 Aisles. Aisle widths between piles shall be not GENERAL less than the height of the piles or 4 feet (1219 mm), whichever is greater. 5901.1 Scope. The storage and use of flammable solids shall be in accordance with this chapter. 5904.1.3 Basement storage. Flammable solids shall not 5901.2 Permits. Permits shall be required as set forth in be stored in basements. Section 105.5. 5904.2 Outdoor storage. Outdoor storage of flammable SECTION 5902 solids in amounts exceeding the maximum allowable quanti- DEFINITIONS ties per control area indicated in Table 5003.1.1(1) shall be 5902.1 Definitions. The following terms are defined in in accordance with Sections 5001, 5003, 5004 and this chap- Chapter 2: ter. Outdoor storage of magnesium shall be in accordance FLAMMABLE SOLID. with Section 5906. MAGNESIUM. 5904.2.1 Distance from storage to exposures. Outdoor SECTION 5903 storage of flammable solids shall not be located within 20 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS feet (6096 mm) of a building, lot line, public street, public 5903.1 Quantities not exceeding the maximum allowable alley, public way or means of egress. A 2-hour fire quantity per control area. The storage and use of flamma- barrier without openings or penetrations and extending ble solids in amounts not exceeding the maximum allowable 30 inches (762 mm) above and to the sides of the storage quantity per control area as indicated in Section 5003.1 shall area is allowed in lieu of such distance. The wall shall be in accordance with Sections 5001, 5003 and 5901. either be an independent structure, or the exterior wall of 5903.2 Quantities exceeding the maximum allowable the building adjacent to the storage area. quantity per control area. The storage and use of flamma- ble solids exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per 5904.2.2 Pile size limits. Outdoor storage of flammable control area as indicated in Section 5003.1 shall be in accor- solids shall be separated into piles not larger than 5,000 dance with Chapter 50 and this chapter. cubic feet (141 m3) each. Piles shall be separated by aisles with a minimum width of not less than one-half the SECTION 5904 pile height or 10 feet (3048 mm), whichever is greater. STORAGE SECTION 5905 5904.1 Indoor storage. Indoor storage of flammable solids USE in amounts exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area indicated in Table 5003.1.1(1) shall be in accor- 5905.1 General. The use of flammable solids in amounts dance with Sections 5001, 5003, 5004 and this chapter. exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area indicated in Table 5003.1.1(1) or Table 5003.1.1(3) shall be 5904.1.1 Pile size limits and location. Flammable solids in accordance with Sections 5001, 5003, 5005 and this chap- stored in quantities greater than 1,000 cubic feet (28 m3) ter. The use of magnesium shall be in accordance with shall be separated into piles each not larger than 1,000 Section 5906. cubic feet (28 m3). SECTION 5906 MAGNESIUM 5906.1 General. Storage, use, handling and processing of magnesium, including the pure metal and alloys of which the major part is magnesium, shall be in accordance with Chap- ter 50 and Sections 5906.2 through 5906.5.8. 2021 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE® 59-1 EDUFIRE.IR Telegram: EDUFIRE.IR

FLAMMABLE SOLIDS 5906.2 Storage of magnesium articles. The storage of 5906.4.3 Storage of greater than 1,000 cubic feet. Stor- magnesium shall comply with Sections 5906.2.1 through age of fine magnesium scrap in quantities greater than 5906.4.3. 1,000 cubic feet (28 m3) shall be separated from all build- ings other than those used for magnesium scrap recovery 5906.2.1 Storage of greater than 50 cubic feet. Magne- operations by a distance of not less than 100 feet (30 480 sium storage in quantities greater than 50 cubic feet (1.4 mm). m3) shall be separated from storage of other materials that are either combustible or in combustible containers by 5906.5 Use of magnesium. The use of magnesium shall aisles. Piles shall be separated by aisles with a minimum comply with Sections 5906.5.1 through 5906.5.8. width of not less than the pile height. 5906.5.1 Melting pots. Floors under and around melting 5906.2.2 Storage of greater than 1,000 cubic feet. pots shall be of noncombustible construction. Magnesium storage in quantities greater than 1,000 cubic feet (28 m3) shall be separated into piles not larger than 5906.5.2 Heat-treating ovens. Approved means shall be 1,000 cubic feet (28 m3) each. Piles shall be separated by provided for control of magnesium fires in heat-treating aisles with a minimum width of not less than the pile ovens. height. Such storage shall not be located in nonsprin- klered buildings of Type III, IV or V construction, as 5906.5.3 Dust collection. Magnesium grinding, buffing defined in the International Building Code. and wire-brushing operations, other than rough finishing of castings, shall be provided with approved hoods or 5906.2.3 Storage in combustible containers or within enclosures for dust collection that are connected to a 30 feet of other combustibles. Where in nonsprinklered liquid-precipitation type of separator that converts dust to buildings of Type III, IV or V construction, as defined in sludge without contact (in a dry state) with any high- the International Building Code, magnesium shall not be speed moving parts. stored in combustible containers or within 30 feet (9144 mm) of other combustibles. 5906.5.3.1 Duct construction. Connecting ducts or suction tubes shall be completely grounded, as short as 5906.2.4 Storage in foundries and processing plants. possible, and without bends. Ducts shall be fabricated The size of storage piles of magnesium articles in found- and assembled with a smooth interior, with internal lap ries and processing plants shall not exceed 1,250 cubic joints pointing in the direction of airflow and without feet (25 m3). Piles shall be separated by aisles with a unused capped side outlets, pockets or other dead-end minimum width of not less than one-half the pile height. spaces that allow an accumulation of dust. 5906.3 Storage of pigs, ingots and billets. The storage of 5906.5.3.2 Independent dust separators. Each magnesium pigs, ingots and billets shall comply with machine shall be equipped with an individual dust- Sections 5906.3.1 and 5906.3.2. separating unit. 5906.3.1 Indoor storage. Indoor storage of pigs, ingots Exceptions: and billets shall only be on floors of noncombustible construction. Piles shall not be larger than 500,000 1. One separator is allowed to serve two pounds (226.8 metric tons) each. Piles shall be separated dust-producing units on multiunit by aisles with a minimum width of not less than one-half machines. the pile height. 2. One separator is allowed to serve not more 5906.3.2 Outdoor storage. Outdoor storage of magne- than four portable dust-producing units in sium pigs, ingots and billets shall be in piles not a single enclosure or stand. exceeding 1,000,000 pounds (453.6 metric tons) each. Piles shall be separated by aisles with a minimum width 5906.5.4 Power supply interlock. Power supply to of not less than one-half the pile height. Piles shall be machines shall be interlocked with exhaust airflow, and separated from combustible materials or buildings on the liquid pressure level or flow. The interlock shall be same or adjoining property by a distance of not less than designed to shut down the machine it serves when the the height of the nearest pile. dust removal or separator system is not operating properly. 5906.4 Storage of fine magnesium scrap. The storage of scrap magnesium shall comply with Sections 5906.4.1 5906.5.5 Electrical equipment. Electric wiring, fixtures through 5906.4.3. and equipment in the immediate vicinity of and attached to dust-producing machines, including those used in 5906.4.1 Separation. Magnesium fines shall be kept connection with separator equipment, shall be of separate from other combustible materials. approved types and shall be approved for use in Class II, Division 1 hazardous locations in accordance with NFPA 5906.4.2 Storage of 50 to 1,000 cubic feet. Storage of 70. fine magnesium scrap in quantities greater than 50 cubic feet (1.4 m3) [six 55-gallon (208 L) steel drums] shall be 5906.5.6 Grounding. Equipment shall be securely separated from other occupancies by an open space of not grounded by permanent ground wires in accordance with less than 50 feet (15 240 mm) or by a fire barrier NFPA 70. constructed in accordance with Section 707 of the Inter- national Building Code. 5906.5.7 Fire-extinguishing materials. Fire-extinguish- ing materials shall be provided for every operator performing machining, grinding or other processing oper- 59-2 2021 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE® EDUFIRE.IR Telegram: EDUFIRE.IR

FLAMMABLE SOLIDS ation on magnesium in accordance with either of the folowing: 1. Within 30 feet (9144 mm), a supply of extinguish- ing materials in an approved container with a hand scoop or shovel for applying the material. 2. Within 75 feet (22 860 mm), a portable fire extin- guisher complying with Section 906. All extinguishing materials shall be approved for use on magnesium fires. Where extinguishing materials are stored in cabinets or other enclosed areas, the enclosures shall be openable without the use of a key or special knowledge. 5906.5.8 Collection of chips, turnings and fines. Chips, turnings and other fine magnesium scrap shall be collected from the pans or spaces under machines and from other places where they collect not less than once each working day. Such material shall be placed in a covered, vented steel container and removed to an approved location. 2021 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE® 59-3 EDUFIRE.IR Telegram: EDUFIRE.IR

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CHAPTER 60 HIGHLY TOXIC AND TOXIC MATERIALS User note: About this chapter: Chapter 60 provides requirements to protect occupants, emergency responders and those in the immediate area of the building and facility from short-term, acute hazards associated with a release of, or general exposure to, toxic and highly toxic materials. This chapter deals with all three states of toxic and highly toxic materials: solids, liquids and gases. This code does not address long-term exposure effects of these materials, which are addressed by agencies such as the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and Occupa- tional Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). SECTION 6001 OZONE-GAS GENERATOR. GENERAL PHYSIOLOGICAL WARNING THRESHOLD. 6001.1 Scope. The storage and use of highly toxic and toxic materials shall comply with this chapter. Compressed gases REDUCED FLOW VALVE. shall also comply with Chapter 53. TOXIC. Exceptions: SECTION 6003 1. Display and storage in Group M and storage in HIGHLY TOXIC AND TOXIC SOLIDS AND LIQUIDS Group S occupancies complying with Section 5003.11. 6003.1 Indoor storage and use. The indoor storage and use of highly toxic and toxic materials shall comply with 2. Conditions involving pesticides or agricultural Sections 6003.1.1 through 6003.1.5.3. products as follows: 2.1. Application and release of pesticide, agri- 6003.1.1 Quantities not exceeding the maximum cultural products and materials intended allowable quantity per control area. The indoor storage for use in weed abatement, erosion or use of highly toxic and toxic solids or liquids in control, soil amendment or similar appli- amounts not exceeding the maximum allowable quantity cations when applied in accordance with per control area indicated in Table 5003.1.1(2) shall be in the manufacturer’s instruction and label accordance with Sections 5001, 5003 and 6001. directions. 2.2. Transportation of pesticides in compliance 6003.1.2 Quantities exceeding the maximum allowable with the Federal Hazardous Materials quantity per control area. The indoor storage or use of Transportation Act and regulations highly toxic and toxic solids or liquids in amounts thereunder. exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control 2.3. Storage in dwellings or private garages of area set forth in Table 5003.1.1(2) shall be in accordance pesticides registered by the US Environ- with Section 6001, Sections 6003.1.3 through 6003.1.5.3 mental Protection Agency to be utilized in and Chapter 50. and around the home, garden, pool, spa and patio. 6003.1.3 Treatment system—highly toxic liquids. Exhaust scrubbers or other systems for processing vapors 6001.2 Permits. Permits shall be required as set forth in of highly toxic liquids shall be provided where a spill or Section 105.5. accidental release of such liquids can be expected to release highly toxic vapors at normal temperature and SECTION 6002 pressure (NTP). Treatment systems and other processing DEFINITIONS systems shall be installed in accordance with the Interna- tional Mechanical Code. 6002.1 Definitions. The following terms are defined in Chapter 2: 6003.1.4 Indoor storage. Indoor storage of highly toxic and toxic solids and liquids shall comply with Sections CONTAINMENT SYSTEM. 6003.1.4.1 and 6003.1.4.2. CONTAINMENT VESSEL. 6003.1.4.1 Floors. In addition to the requirements set forth in Section 5004.12, floors of storage areas where EXCESS FLOW VALVE. highly toxic and toxic liquids are stored shall be of liquid-tight construction. HIGHLY TOXIC. 2021 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE® 60-1 EDUFIRE.IR Telegram: EDUFIRE.IR

HIGHLY TOXIC AND TOXIC MATERIALS 6003.1.4.2 Separation—highly toxic solids and vapors of highly toxic liquid shall be provided where a liquids. In addition to the requirements set forth in spill or accidental release of such liquids can be Section 5003.9.8, highly toxic solids and liquids in expected to release highly toxic vapors at normal storage shall be located in approved hazardous mate- temperature and pressure (NTP). Treatment systems rial storage cabinets or isolated from other hazardous and other processing systems shall be installed in material storage by construction in accordance with accordance with the International Mechanical Code. the International Building Code. 6003.2.4 Outdoor storage piles. Outdoor storage piles of 6003.1.5 Indoor use. Indoor use of highly toxic and toxic highly toxic and toxic solids and liquids shall be sepa- solids and liquids shall comply with Sections 6003.1.5.1 rated into piles not larger than 2,500 cubic feet (71 m3). through 6003.1.5.3. Aisle widths between piles shall be not less than one-half the height of the pile or 10 feet (3048 mm), whichever is 6003.1.5.1 Liquid transfer. Highly toxic and toxic greater. liquids shall be transferred in accordance with Section 5005.1.10. 6003.2.5 Weather protection for highly toxic liquids and solids—outdoor storage or use. Where overhead 6003.1.5.2 Exhaust ventilation for open systems. weather protection is provided for outdoor storage or use Mechanical exhaust ventilation shall be provided for of highly toxic liquids or solids, and the weather protec- highly toxic and toxic liquids used in open systems in tion is attached to a building, the storage or use area shall accordance with Section 5005.2.1.1. either be equipped throughout with an approved auto- matic sprinkler system in accordance with Section Exception: Liquids that do not generate highly toxic 903.3.1.1, or storage or use vessels shall be fire resistive. or toxic fumes, mists or vapors. Weather protection shall be provided in accordance with Section 5004.13 for storage and Section 5005.3.9 for use. 6003.1.5.3 Exhaust ventilation for closed systems. Mechanical exhaust ventilation shall be provided for 6003.2.6 Outdoor liquid transfer. Highly toxic and highly toxic and toxic liquids used in closed systems in toxic liquids shall be transferred in accordance with accordance with Section 5005.2.2.1. Section 5005.1.10. Exception: Liquids that do not generate highly toxic SECTION 6004 or toxic fumes, mists or vapors. HIGHLY TOXIC AND TOXIC COMPRESSED GASES 6003.2 Outdoor storage and use. Outdoor storage and use 6004.1 General. The storage and use of highly toxic and of highly toxic and toxic materials shall comply with toxic compressed gases shall comply with this section. Sections 6003.2.1 through 6003.2.6. 6004.1.1 Special limitations for indoor storage and use 6003.2.1 Quantities not exceeding the maximum by occupancy. The indoor storage and use of highly toxic allowable quantity per control area. The outdoor stor- and toxic compressed gases in certain occupancies shall age or use of highly toxic and toxic solids or liquids in be subject to the limitations contained in Sections amounts not exceeding the maximum allowable quantity 6004.1.1.1 through 6004.1.1.3. per control area indicated in Table 5003.1.1(4) shall be in accordance with Sections 5001, 5003 and 6001. 6004.1.1.1 Group A, E, I or U occupancies. Toxic and highly toxic compressed gases shall not be stored 6003.2.2 Quantities exceeding the maximum allowable or used within Group A, E, I or U occupancies. quantity per control area. The outdoor storage or use of highly toxic and toxic solids or liquids in amounts Exception: Cylinders not exceeding 20 cubic feet exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control (0.566 m3) at normal temperature and pressure area set forth in Table 5003.1.1(4) shall be in accordance (NTP) are allowed within gas cabinets or fume with Sections 6001 and 6003.2 and Chapter 50. hoods. 6003.2.3 General outdoor requirements. The general 6004.1.1.2 Group R occupancies. Toxic and highly requirements applicable to the outdoor storage of highly toxic compressed gases shall not be stored or used in toxic or toxic solids and liquids shall be in accordance Group R occupancies. with Sections 6003.2.3.1 and 6003.2.3.2. 6004.1.1.3 Offices, retail sales and classrooms. 6003.2.3.1 Location. Outdoor storage or use of highly Toxic and highly toxic compressed gases shall not be toxic or toxic solids and liquids shall not be located stored or used in offices, retail sales or classroom within 20 feet (6096 mm) of lot lines, public streets, portions of Group B, F, M or S occupancies. public alleys, public ways, exit discharges or exterior wall openings. A 2-hour fire barrier without openings Exception: In classrooms of Group B occupancies, or penetrations extending not less than 30 inches (762 cylinders with a capacity not exceeding 20 cubic mm) above and to the sides of the storage is allowed in feet (0.566 m3) at NTP are allowed in gas cabinets or lieu of such distance. The wall shall either be an inde- fume hoods. pendent structure, or the exterior wall of the building adjacent to the storage area. 6003.2.3.2 Treatment system—highly toxic liquids. Exhaust scrubbers or other systems for processing 60-2 2021 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE® EDUFIRE.IR Telegram: EDUFIRE.IR

6004.1.2 Gas cabinets. Gas cabinets containing highly HIGHLY TOXIC AND TOXIC MATERIALS toxic or toxic compressed gases shall comply with Section 5003.8.6 and the following requirements: 6004.2.1.2 Quantities exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area. The indoor stor- 1. The average ventilation velocity at the face of gas age or use of highly toxic and toxic gases in amounts cabinet access ports or windows shall be not less exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per than 200 feet per minute (1.02 m/s) with not less control area set forth in Table 5003.1.1(2) shall be in than 150 feet per minute (0.76 m/s) at any point of accordance with Sections 6001, 6004.1, 6004.2 and the access port or window. Chapter 50. 2. Gas cabinets shall be connected to an exhaust 6004.2.1.3 Ozone gas generators. The indoor use of system. ozone gas-generating equipment shall be in accor- dance with Section 6005. 3. Gas cabinets shall not be used as the sole means of exhaust for any room or area. 6004.2.2 General indoor requirements. The general requirements applicable to the indoor storage and use of 4. The maximum number of cylinders located in a highly toxic and toxic compressed gases shall be in accor- single gas cabinet shall not exceed three, except dance with Sections 6004.2.2.1 through 6004.2.2.10.3. that cabinets containing cylinders not exceeding 1 pound (0.454 kg) net contents are allowed to 6004.2.2.1 Cylinder and tank location. Cylinders contain up to 100 cylinders. shall be located within gas cabinets, exhausted enclo- sures or gas rooms. Portable and stationary tanks shall 5. Gas cabinets required by Section 6004.2 or 6004.3 be located within gas rooms or exhausted enclosures. shall be equipped with an approved automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Section 6004.2.2.2 Ventilated areas. The room or area in 903.3.1.1. Alternative fire-extinguishing systems which gas cabinets or exhausted enclosures are located shall not be used. shall be provided with exhaust ventilation. Gas cabi- nets or exhausted enclosures shall not be used as the 6004.1.3 Exhausted enclosures. Exhausted enclosures sole means of exhaust for any room or area. containing highly toxic or toxic compressed gases shall comply with Section 5003.8.5 and the following 6004.2.2.3 Leaking cylinders and tanks. One or requirements: more gas cabinets or exhausted enclosures shall be provided to handle leaking cylinders, containers or 1. The average ventilation velocity at the face of the tanks. enclosure shall be not less than 200 feet per minute (1.02 m/s) with not less than 150 feet per Exceptions: minute (0.76 m/s). 1. Where cylinders, containers or tanks are 2. Exhausted enclosures shall be connected to an located within gas cabinets or exhausted exhaust system. enclosures. 3. Exhausted enclosures shall not be used as the sole 2. Where approved containment vessels or means of exhaust for any room or area. containment systems are provided in accordance with all of the following: 4. Exhausted enclosures required by Section 6004.2 or 6004.3 shall be equipped with an approved 2.1. Containment vessels or contain- automatic sprinkler system in accordance with ment systems shall be capable of Section 903.3.1.1. Alternative fire-extinguishing fully containing or terminating a systems shall not be used. release. 6004.2 Indoor storage and use. The indoor storage and use 2.2. Trained personnel shall be avail- of highly toxic or toxic compressed gases shall be in accor- able at an approved location. dance with Sections 6004.2.1 through 6004.2.2.10.3. 2.3. Containment vessels or contain- 6004.2.1 Applicability. The applicability of regulations ment systems shall be capable of governing the indoor storage and use of highly toxic and being transported to the leaking toxic compressed gases shall be as set forth in Sections cylinder, container or tank. 6004.2.1.1 through 6004.2.1.3. 6004.2.2.3.1 Location. Gas cabinets and exhausted 6004.2.1.1 Quantities not exceeding the maximum enclosures shall be located in gas rooms and allowable quantity per control area. The indoor stor- connected to an exhaust system. age or use of highly toxic and toxic gases in amounts not exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per 6004.2.2.4 Local exhaust for portable tanks. A control area set forth in Table 5003.1.1(2) shall be in means of local exhaust shall be provided to capture accordance with Sections 5001, 5003, 6001 and leaks from portable tanks. The local exhaust shall 6004.1. consist of portable ducts or collection systems designed to be applied to the site of a leak in a valve or fitting on the tank. The local exhaust system shall be located in a gas room. Exhaust shall be directed to a 2021 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE® 60-3 EDUFIRE.IR Telegram: EDUFIRE.IR

HIGHLY TOXIC AND TOXIC MATERIALS through 6004.2.2.7.5 and Section 510 of the Interna- tional Mechanical Code. treatment system in accordance with Section 6004.2.2.7. Exceptions: 6004.2.2.5 Piping and controls—stationary tanks. 1. Highly toxic and toxic gases—storage. A In addition to the requirements of Section 5003.2.2, treatment system is not required for cylin- piping and controls on stationary tanks shall comply ders, containers and tanks in storage where with the following requirements: all of the following controls are provided: 1. Pressure relief devices shall be vented to a 1.1. Valve outlets are equipped with treatment system designed in accordance with gastight outlet plugs or caps. Section 6004.2.2.7. 1.2. Handwheel-operated valves have Exception: Pressure relief devices on handles secured to prevent outdoor tanks provided exclusively for movement. relieving pressure due to fire exposure are not required to be vented to a treatment 1.3. Approved containment vessels or system provided that: containment systems are provided in accordance with Section 1. The material in the tank is not 6004.2.2.3. flammable. 2. Toxic gases—use. Treatment systems are 2. The tank is not located in a diked not required for toxic gases supplied by area with other tanks containing cylinders or portable tanks not exceeding combustible materials. 1,700 pounds (772 kg) water capacity where a gas detection system complying 3. The tank is located not less than 30 with Section 6004.2.2.10 and listed or feet (9144 mm) from combustible approved automatic-closing fail-safe valves materials or structures or is are provided. The gas detection system shall shielded by a fire barrier comply- have a sensing interval not exceeding 5 ing with Section 6004.3.2.1.1. minutes. Automatic-closing fail-safe valves shall be located immediately adjacent to 2. Filling or dispensing connections shall be cylinder valves and shall close when gas is provided with a means of local exhaust. Such detected at the permissible exposure limit exhaust shall be designed to capture fumes and (PEL) by a gas sensor monitoring the vapors. The exhaust shall be directed to a treat- exhaust system at the point of discharge ment system in accordance with Section from the gas cabinet, exhausted enclosure, 6004.2.2.7. ventilated enclosure or gas room. 3. Stationary tanks shall be provided with a 6004.2.2.7.1 Design. Treatment systems shall be means of excess flow control on all tank inlet capable of diluting, adsorbing, absorbing, contain- or outlet connections. ing, neutralizing, burning or otherwise processing the contents of the largest single vessel of Exceptions: compressed gas. Where a total containment system is used, the system shall be designed to handle the 1. Inlet connections designed to maximum anticipated pressure of release to the prevent backflow. system when it reaches equilibrium. 2. Pressure relief devices. 6004.2.2.7.2 Performance. Treatment systems shall be designed to reduce the maximum allowable 6004.2.2.6 Gas rooms. Gas rooms shall comply with discharge concentrations of the gas to one-half Section 5003.8.4 and both of the following immediate by dangerous to life and health (IDLH) at requirements: the point of discharge to the atmosphere. Where more than one gas is emitted to the treatment 1. The exhaust ventilation from gas rooms shall system, the treatment system shall be designed to be directed to an exhaust system. handle the worst-case release based on the release rate, the quantity and the IDLH for all compressed 2. Gas rooms shall be equipped with an approved gases stored or used. automatic sprinkler system. Alternative fire- extinguishing systems shall not be used. 6004.2.2.7.3 Sizing. Treatment systems shall be sized to process the maximum worst-case release of 6004.2.2.7 Treatment systems. The exhaust ventila- gas based on the maximum flow rate of release from tion from gas cabinets, exhausted enclosures and gas rooms, and local exhaust systems required in Sections 6004.2.2.4 and 6004.2.2.5 shall be directed to a treat- ment system. The treatment system shall be utilized to handle the accidental release of gas and to process exhaust ventilation. The treatment system shall be designed in accordance with Sections 6004.2.2.7.1 60-4 2021 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE® EDUFIRE.IR Telegram: EDUFIRE.IR

the largest vessel utilized. The entire contents of the HIGHLY TOXIC AND TOXIC MATERIALS largest compressed gas vessel shall be considered. used. Activation of the detection system shall sound a 6004.2.2.7.4 Stationary tanks. Stationary tanks local alarm. The fire detection system shall comply shall be labeled with the maximum rate of release with Section 907. for the compressed gas contained based on valves or fittings that are inserted directly into the tank. Where 6004.2.2.10 Gas detection system. A gas detection multiple valves or fittings are provided, the maxi- system complying with Section 916 shall be provided mum flow rate of release for valves or fittings with to detect the presence of gas at or below the PEL or the highest flow rate shall be indicated. Where lique- ceiling limit of the gas for which detection is provided. fied compressed gases are in contact with valves or The system shall be capable of monitoring the fittings, the liquid flow rate shall be utilized for discharge from the treatment system at or below one- computation purposes. Flow rates indicated on the half the IDLH limit and shall initiate a response in label shall be converted to cubic feet per minute accordance with Sections 6004.2.2.10.1 through (cfm/min) (m3/s) of gas at normal temperature and 6004.2.2.10.3 if the gas detection alarm is activated. pressure (NTP). Exception: A gas detection system is not required 6004.2.2.7.5 Portable tanks and cylinders. The for toxic gases when the physiological warning maximum flow rate of release for portable tanks and threshold level for the gas is at a level below the cylinders shall be calculated based on the total accepted PEL for the gas. release from the cylinder or tank within the time specified in Table 6004.2.2.7.5. Where portable 6004.2.2.10.1 Alarms. The gas detection system tanks or cylinders are equipped with approved shall initiate a local alarm and transmit a signal to a excess flow or reduced flow valves, the worst-case constantly attended control station when a short- release shall be determined by the maximum achiev- term hazard condition is detected. The alarm shall be able flow from the valve as determined by the valve both audible and visible and shall provide warning manufacturer or compressed gas supplier. Reduced both inside and outside the area where gas is flow and excess flow valves shall be permanently detected. The audible alarm shall be distinct from all marked by the valve manufacturer to indicate the other alarms. maximum design flow rate. Such markings shall indicate the flow rate for air under normal tempera- Exception: Signal transmission to a constantly ture and pressure (NTP). attended control station is not required where not more than one cylinder of highly toxic or toxic TABLE 6004.2.2.7.5 gas is stored. RATE OF RELEASE FOR CYLINDERS AND PORTABLE TANKS 6004.2.2.10.2 Shut off of gas supply. The gas- VESSEL TYPE NONLIQUEFIED LIQUEFIED detection system shall automatically close the shut- (minutes) (minutes) off valve at the source on gas supply piping and tubing related to the system being monitored for Containers 5 30 whichever gas is detected. Portable tanks 40 240 Exception: Automatic shutdown is not required for reactors utilized for the production of highly 6004.2.2.8 Emergency power. Emergency power toxic or toxic compressed gases where such shall be provided for the following systems in accor- reactors are: dance with Section 603: 1. Operated at pressures less than 15 pounds 1. Exhaust ventilation system. per square inch gauge (psig) (103.4 kPa). 2. Treatment system. 2. Constantly attended. 3. Gas detection system. 3. Provided with emergency shutoff valves that have ready access. 4. Smoke detection system. 6004.2.2.10.3 Valve closure. Automatic closure of 5. Temperature control system. shutoff valves shall be in accordance with the following: 6. Fire alarm system. 1. Where the gas-detection sampling point 7. Emergency alarm system. initiating the gas detection system alarm is within a gas cabinet or exhausted enclo- 6004.2.2.8.1 Fail-safe engineered systems. Emer- sure, the shutoff valve in the gas cabinet or gency power shall not be required for mechanical exhausted enclosure for the specific gas exhaust ventilation, treatment systems and tempera- detected shall automatically close. ture control systems where approved fail-safe engineered systems are installed. 2. Where the gas-detection sampling point initiating the gas detection system alarm is 6004.2.2.9 Automatic fire detection system—highly within a gas room and compressed gas toxic compressed gases. An approved automatic fire containers are not in gas cabinets or detection system shall be installed in rooms or areas exhausted enclosures, the shutoff valves where highly toxic compressed gases are stored or 60-5 2021 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE® Telegram: EDUFIRE.IR EDUFIRE.IR

HIGHLY TOXIC AND TOXIC MATERIALS compressed gases shall not be located within 75 feet (22 860 mm) of a lot line, public street, public alley, on all gas lines for the specific gas public way, exit discharge or building not associated detected shall automatically close. with the manufacture or distribution of such gases, 3. Where the gas-detection sampling point unless all of the following conditions are met: initiating the gas detection system alarm is within a piping distribution manifold 1. Storage is shielded by a 2-hour fire barrier enclosure, the shutoff valve for the that interrupts the line of sight between the compressed container of specific gas storage and the exposure. detected supplying the manifold shall automatically close. 2. The 2-hour fire barrier shall be located not less than 5 feet (1524 mm) from any Exception: Where the gas-detection sampling exposure. point initiating the gas-detection system alarm is at a use location or within a gas valve enclosure 3. The 2-hour fire barrier shall not have of a branch line downstream of a piping distribu- more than two sides at approximately 90- tion manifold, the shutoff valve in the gas valve degree (1.57 rad) directions, or three sides enclosure for the branch line located in the with connecting angles of approximately piping distribution manifold enclosure shall 135 degrees (2.36 rad). automatically close. 6004.3.2.1.2 Openings in exposed buildings. 6004.3 Outdoor storage and use. The outdoor storage and Where the storage or use area is located closer than use of highly toxic and toxic compressed gases shall be in 75 feet (22 860 mm) to a building not associated accordance with Sections 6004.3.1 through 6004.3.4. with the manufacture or distribution of highly toxic or toxic compressed gases, openings into a building 6004.3.1 Applicability. The applicability of regulations other than for piping are not allowed above the governing the outdoor storage and use of highly toxic and height of the top of the 2-hour fire barrier or within toxic compressed gases shall be as set forth in Sections 50 feet (15 240 mm) horizontally from the storage 6004.3.1.1 through 6004.3.1.3. area whether or not shielded by a fire barrier. 6004.3.1.1 Quantities not exceeding the maximum 6004.3.2.1.3 Air intakes. The storage or use area allowable quantity per control area. The outdoor shall not be located within 75 feet (22 860 mm) of storage or use of highly toxic and toxic gases in air intakes. amounts not exceeding the maximum allowable quan- tity per control area set forth in Table 5003.1.1(4) 6004.3.2.2 Leaking cylinders and tanks. The require- shall be in accordance with Sections 5001, 5003 and ments of Section 6004.2.2.3 shall apply to outdoor 6001. cylinders and tanks. Gas cabinets and exhausted enclo- sures shall be located within or immediately adjacent 6004.3.1.2 Quantities exceeding the maximum to outdoor storage or use areas. allowable quantity per control area. The outdoor storage or use of highly toxic and toxic gases in 6004.3.2.3 Local exhaust for portable tanks. Local amounts exceeding the maximum allowable quantity exhaust for outdoor portable tanks shall be provided in per control area set forth in Table 5003.1.1(4) shall be accordance with the requirements set forth in Section in accordance with Sections 6001 and 6004.3 and 6004.2.2.4. Chapter 50. 6004.3.2.4 Piping and controls—stationary tanks. 6004.3.1.3 Ozone gas generators. The outdoor use of Piping and controls for outdoor stationary tanks shall ozone gas-generating equipment shall be in accor- be in accordance with the requirements set forth in dance with Section 6005. Section 6004.2.2.5. 6004.3.2 General outdoor requirements. The general 6004.3.3 Outdoor storage weather protection for requirements applicable to the outdoor storage and use of portable tanks and cylinders. Weather protection in highly toxic and toxic compressed gases shall be in accor- accordance with Section 5004.13 shall be provided for dance with Sections 6004.3.2.1 through 6004.3.2.4. portable tanks and cylinders located outdoors and not within gas cabinets or exhausted enclosures. The storage 6004.3.2.1 Location. Outdoor storage or use of highly area shall be equipped with an approved automatic sprin- toxic or toxic compressed gases shall be located in kler system in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1. accordance with Sections 6004.3.2.1.1 through 6004.3.2.1.3. Exception: An automatic sprinkler system is not required where: Exception: Compressed gases located in gas cabi- nets complying with Sections 5003.8.6 and 6004.1.2 1. All materials under the weather protection and located 5 feet (1524 mm) or more from build- structure, including hazardous materials and ings and 25 feet (7620 mm) or more from an exit the containers in which they are stored, are discharge. noncombustible. 6004.3.2.1.1 Distance limitation to exposures. 2. The weather protection structure is located not Outdoor storage or use of highly toxic or toxic less than 30 feet (9144 mm) from combustible 60-6 2021 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE® EDUFIRE.IR Telegram: EDUFIRE.IR

HIGHLY TOXIC AND TOXIC MATERIALS materials or structures or is separated from than six air changes per hour. Ozone gas generator rooms such materials or structures using a fire barrier shall be equipped with a gas detection system complying complying with Section 6004.3.2.1.1. with Section 916 that will shut off the generator and sound a local alarm when concentrations above the 6004.3.4 Outdoor use of cylinders, containers and permissible exposure limit (PEL) occur. portable tanks. Cylinders, containers and portable tanks in outdoor use shall be located in gas cabinets or Ozone gas generator rooms shall not be normally exhausted enclosures and shall comply with Sections occupied, and such rooms shall be kept free of combusti- 6004.3.4.1 through 6004.3.4.3. ble and hazardous material storage. Room access doors shall display an approved sign stating: “OZONE GAS 6004.3.4.1 Treatment systems. The treatment system GENERATOR—HIGHLY TOXIC—OXIDIZER.” requirements set forth in Section 6004.2.2.7 shall apply to highly toxic or toxic gases located outdoors. 6005.4 Piping, valves and fittings. Piping, valves, fittings and related components used to convey ozone shall be in 6004.3.4.2 Emergency power. The requirements for accordance with Sections 6005.4.1 through 6005.4.3. emergency power set forth in Section 6004.2.2.8 shall apply to highly toxic or toxic gases located outdoors. 6005.4.1 Piping. Piping shall be welded stainless steel piping or tubing. 6004.3.4.3 Gas detection system. The gas detection system requirements set forth in Section 6004.2.2.10 Exceptions: shall apply to highly toxic or toxic gases located outdoors. 1. Double-walled piping. SECTION 6005 2. Piping, valves, fittings and related components OZONE GAS GENERATORS located in exhausted enclosures. 6005.1 Scope. Ozone gas generators having a maximum 6005.4.2 Materials. Materials shall be compatible with ozone-generating capacity of 0.5 pound (0.23 kg) or more ozone and shall be rated for the design operating over a 24-hour period shall be in accordance with Sections pressures. 6005.2 through 6005.6. 6005.4.3 Identification. Piping shall be identified with Exceptions: the following: “OZONE GAS—HIGHLY TOXIC— OXIDIZER.” 1. Ozone-generating equipment used in Group R-3 occupancies. 6005.5 Automatic shutdown. Ozone gas generators shall be designed to shut down automatically under the following 2. Ozone-generating equipment where used in Group conditions: H-5 occupancies where in compliance with Chap- ters 27 and 50 and the other provisions in this 1. When the dissolved ozone concentration in the water chapter for highly toxic gases. being treated is above saturation when measured at the point where the water is exposed to the 6005.2 Design. Ozone gas generators shall be designed, atmosphere. fabricated and tested in accordance with NEMA 250. 2. When the process using generated ozone is shut 6005.3 Location. Ozone generators shall be located in down. approved cabinets or ozone generator rooms in accordance with Section 6005.3.1 or 6005.3.2. 3. Failure of the ventilation system for the cabinet or ozone generator room. Exception: An ozone gas generator within an approved pressure vessel where located outside of buildings. 4. Failure of the gas detection system in an ozone gas generator room. 6005.3.1 Cabinets. Ozone cabinets shall be constructed of approved materials and compatible with ozone. Cabi- 6005.6 Manual shutdown. Manual shutdown controls shall nets shall display an approved sign stating: “OZONE be provided at the generator and, where in a room, within 10 GAS GENERATOR—HIGHLY TOXIC—OXIDIZER.” feet (3048 mm) of the main exit or exit access door. Cabinets shall be braced for seismic activity in accor- dance with the International Building Code. Cabinets shall be mechanically ventilated in accor- dance with the International Mechanical Code with not less than six air changes per hour. The average velocity of ventilation at makeup air openings with cabinet doors closed shall be not less than 200 feet per minute (1.02 m/s). 6005.3.2 Ozone gas generator rooms. Ozone gas gener- ator rooms shall be mechanically ventilated in accordance with the International Mechanical Code with not less 2021 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE® 60-7 EDUFIRE.IR Telegram: EDUFIRE.IR

60-8 2021 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE® EDUFIRE.IR Telegram: EDUFIRE.IR

CHAPTER 61 LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GASES User note: About this chapter: Chapter 61 provides requirements for the safe handling, storing and use of LP-gas to reduce the possibility of damage to containers, accidental releases of LP-gas, and exposure of flammable concentrations of LP-gas to ignition sources. LP-gas (notably propane) is well-known as a camping fuel for cooking, lighting, heating and refrigerating and also remains a popular standby fuel supply for auxiliary generators, as well as being widely used as an alternative motor vehicle fuel. Its characteristic as a clean-burning fuel has resulted in the addition of propane dispensers to service stations throughout the country. Dispensing LP-gas into motor vehicles is addressed by Chapter 23. SECTION 6101 above-grade underfloor space or similar location GENERAL where heavier-than-air gas might collect unless such location is provided with an approved means of 6101.1 Scope. Storage, handling and transportation of lique- ventilation. fied petroleum gas (LP-gas) and the installation of LP-gas equipment pertinent to systems for such uses shall comply Exception: Use with self-contained torch assem- with this chapter and NFPA 58. Properties of LP-gases shall blies in accordance with Section 6103.2.1.6. be determined in accordance with Appendix B of NFPA 58. 6101.2 Permits. Permits shall be required as set forth in 6103.2.1.2 Construction and temporary heating. Sections 105.5 and 105.6. Portable LP-gas containers are allowed to be used in buildings or areas of buildings undergoing construc- Distributors shall not fill an LP-gas container for which a tion or for temporary heating as set forth in Sections permit is required unless a permit for installation has been 6.22.4, 6.22.5 and 6.22.8 of NFPA 58. issued for that location by the fire code official. 6101.3 Construction documents. Where a single LP-gas 6103.2.1.3 Group F occupancies. In Group F occu- container is more than 2,000 gallons (7570 L) in water pancies, portable LP-gas containers are allowed to be capacity or the aggregate water capacity of LP-gas contain- used to supply quantities necessary for processing, ers is more than 4,000 gallons (15 140 L), the installer shall research or experimentation. Where manifolded, the submit construction documents for such installation. aggregate water capacity of such containers shall not exceed 735 pounds (334 kg) per manifold. Where SECTION 6102 multiple manifolds of such containers are present in DEFINITIONS the same room, each manifold shall be separated from 6102.1 Definitions. The following terms are defined in other manifolds by a distance of not less than 20 feet Chapter 2: (6096 mm). LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS (LP-gas). LP-GAS CONTAINER. 6103.2.1.4 Research and experimentation. In Group I occupancies and laboratories for educational use in SECTION 6103 Group B and E occupancies, portable LP-gas contain- INSTALLATION OF EQUIPMENT ers are allowed to be used for research and 6103.1 General. LP-gas equipment shall be installed in experimentation. Such containers shall not be used in accordance with the International Fuel Gas Code and NFPA classrooms. Such containers shall not exceed a 50- 58, except as otherwise provided in this chapter. pound (23 kg) water capacity in occupancies used for 6103.2 Use of LP-gas containers in buildings. The use of educational purposes and shall not exceed a 12-pound LP-gas containers in buildings shall be in accordance with (5 kg) water capacity in occupancies used for institu- Sections 6103.2.1 through 6103.2.2. tional purposes. Where more than one such container 6103.2.1 Portable containers. Portable LP-gas contain- is present in the same room, each container shall be ers, as defined in NFPA 58, shall not be used in buildings separated from other containers by a distance of not except as specified in NFPA 58 and Sections 6103.2.1.1 less than 20 feet (6096 mm). through 6103.2.1.7. 6103.2.1.1 Use in basement, pit or similar location. 6103.2.1.5 Demonstration uses. Portable LP-gas LP-gas containers shall not be used in a basement, pit, containers are allowed to be used temporarily for demonstrations and public exhibitions. Such contain- 2021 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE® ers shall not exceed a water capacity of 12 pounds (5 kg). Where more than one such container is present in EDUFIRE.IR the same room, each container shall be separated from other containers by a distance of not less than 20 feet (6096 mm). 61-1 Telegram: EDUFIRE.IR

LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GASES 6103.2.1.6 Use with self-contained torch assemblies. gallon (567.8 kL) LP-gas capacity] shall be subdivided into Portable LP-gas containers are allowed to be used to groups containing not more than 180,000 gallons (681.3 kL) supply approved self-contained torch assemblies or in each group. Such groups shall be separated by a distance similar appliances. Such containers shall not exceed a of not less than 50 feet (15 240 mm), unless the containers water capacity of 2.7 pounds (1.2 kg). are protected in accordance with one of the following: 6103.2.1.7 Use for food preparation. Where 1. Mounded in an approved manner. approved, listed LP-gas commercial food service 2. Protected with approved insulation on areas that are appliances are allowed to be used for food-preparation within restaurants and in attended commercial food- subject to impingement of ignited gas from pipelines catering operations in accordance with the Interna- or other leakage. tional Fuel Gas Code, the International Mechanical 3. Protected by fire walls of approved construction. Code and NFPA 58. 4. Protected by an approved system for application of water as specified in Table 6.5.1.2 of NFPA 58. 6103.2.2 Industrial vehicles and floor maintenance 5. Protected by other approved means. machines. LP-gas containers on industrial vehicles and floor maintenance machines shall comply with Sections Where one of these forms of protection is provided, the 11.11 and 11.12 of NFPA 58. separation shall be not less than 25 feet (7620 mm) between LP-gas container groups. 6103.3 Location of equipment and piping. Equipment and piping shall not be installed in locations where such equip- SECTION 6105 ment and piping is prohibited by the International Fuel Gas PROHIBITED USE OF LP-GAS Code. 6105.1 Nonapproved equipment. LP-gas shall not be used SECTION 6104 for the purpose of operating devices or equipment unless LOCATION OF LP-GAS CONTAINERS such device or equipment is approved for use with LP-gas. 6104.1 General. The storage and handling of LP-gas and the 6105.2 Release to the atmosphere. LP-gas shall not be installation and maintenance of related equipment shall released to the atmosphere, except in accordance with comply with NFPA 58 and be subject to the approval of the Section 7.3 of NFPA 58. fire code official, except as provided in this chapter. SECTION 6106 6104.2 Maximum capacity within established limits. DISPENSING AND OVERFILLING Within the limits established by law restricting the storage of liquefied petroleum gas for the protection of heavily popu- 6106.1 Attendants. Dispensing of LP-gas shall be lated or congested areas, the aggregate capacity of any one performed by a qualified attendant. installation shall not exceed a water capacity of 2,000 gallons (7570 L) [JURISDICTION TO SPECIFY]. 6106.2 Overfilling. LP-gas containers shall not be filled or maintained with LP-gas in excess of either the volume deter- Exception: In particular installations, this capacity limit mined using the fixed liquid-level gauge installed in shall be determined by the fire code official, after consid- accordance with the manufacturer’s specifications and in eration of special features such as topographical accordance with Section 5.9.5 of NFPA 58 or the weight conditions, nature of occupancy, and proximity to build- determined by the required percentage of the water capacity ings, capacity of proposed LP-gas containers, degree of marked on the container. Portable LP-gas containers shall fire protection to be provided and capabilities of the local not be refilled unless equipped with an overfilling prevention fire department. device (OPD) where required by Section 5.9.3 of NFPA 58. 6104.3 Container location. LP-gas containers shall be 6106.3 Dispensing locations. The point of transfer of LP- located with respect to buildings and lot lines of adjoining gas from one LP-gas container to another shall be separated property that can be built on, in accordance with Table from exposures as specified in NFPA 58. 6104.3. SECTION 6107 6104.3.1 Installation on roof prohibited. LP-gas SAFETY PRECAUTIONS AND DEVICES containers used in stationary installations shall not be located on the roofs of buildings. 6107.1 Safety devices. Safety devices on LP-gas containers, equipment and systems shall not be tampered with or made 6104.3.2 Special hazards. LP-gas containers shall be ineffective. located with respect to special hazards including, but not limited to, above-ground flammable or combustible liquid 6107.2 Smoking and other sources of ignition. “No Smok- tanks, oxygen or gaseous hydrogen containers, flooding ing” signs complying with Section 310 shall be posted where or electric power lines as specified in Section 6.5.3 of required by the fire code official. Smoking within 25 feet NFPA 58. (7620 mm) of a point of transfer, while filling operations are 6104.4 Multiple LP-gas container installations. Multiple LP-gas container installations with a total water storage capacity of more than 180,000 gallons (681.3 kL) [150,000- 61-2 2021 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE® EDUFIRE.IR Telegram: EDUFIRE.IR

LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GASES in progress at LP-gas containers or vehicles, shall be SECTION 6108 prohibited. FIRE PROTECTION Control of other sources of ignition shall comply with 6108.1 General. Fire protection shall be provided for instal- Chapter 3 of this code and Section 6.25 of NFPA 58. lations having LP-gas storage containers with a water capacity of more than 4,000 gallons (15 140 L), as required 6107.3 Clearance to combustibles. Weeds, grass, brush, by Section 6.29 of NFPA 58. trash and other combustible materials shall be kept not less than 10 feet (3048 mm) from LP-gas tanks or containers. 6108.2 Portable fire extinguishers. Portable fire extin- guishers complying with Section 906 shall be provided as 6107.4 Protecting containers from vehicles. Where specified in NFPA 58. exposed to vehicular damage due to proximity to alleys, driveways or parking areas, LP-gas containers, regulators and piping shall be protected in accordance with NFPA 58. TABLE 6104.3 LOCATION OF LP-GAS CONTAINERS LP-GAS CONTAINER CAPACITY MINIMUM SEPARATION BETWEEN LP-GAS CONTAINERS AND MINIMUM SEPARATION (water gallons) BUILDINGS, PUBLIC WAYSg OR LOT LINES OF ADJOINING PROPERTY BETWEEN LP-GAS CONTAINERSb, c Less than 125c, d THAT CAN BE BUILT ON (feet) 125 to 250 251 to 500 Mounded or underground Above-ground LP-gas containersb None 501 to 2,000 LP-gas containersa (feet) None 2,001 to 30,000 30,001 to 70,000 (feet) 5e 3 70,001 to 90,000 3 90,001 to 120,000 10 5 10 10 (0.25 of sum of diameters of adjacent LP-gas containers) 10 10 10 25e, f 50 50 50 75 50 100 50 125 For SI: 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 gallon = 3.785 L. a. Minimum distance for underground LP-gas containers shall be measured from the pressure relief device and the filling or liquid-level gauge vent connec- tion at the container, except that all parts of an underground LP-gas container shall be not less than 10 feet from a building or lot line of adjoining property that can be built on. b. For other than installations in which the overhanging structure is 50 feet or more above the relief-valve discharge outlet. In applying the distance between buildings and ASME LP-gas containers with a water capacity of 125 gallons or more, not less than 50 percent of this horizontal distance shall also apply to all portions of the building that project more than 5 feet from the building wall and that are higher than the relief valve discharge outlet. This horizontal distance shall be measured from a point determined by projecting the outside edge of such overhanging structure vertically downward to grade or other level on which the LP-gas container is installed. Distances to the building wall shall be not less than those prescribed in this table. c. Where underground multicontainer installations are composed of individual LP-gas containers having a water capacity of 125 gallons or more, such containers shall be installed so as to provide access at their ends or sides to facilitate working with cranes or hoists. d. At a consumer site, if the aggregate water capacity of a multiple-container installation, comprised of individual LP-gas containers having a water capacity of less than 125 gallons, is 500 gallons or more, the minimum distance shall comply with the appropriate portion of this table, applying the aggregate capac- ity rather than the capacity per LP-gas container. If more than one such installation is made, each installation shall be separated from other installations by not less than 25 feet. Minimum distances between LP-gas containers need not be applied. e. The following shall apply to above-ground containers installed alongside buildings: 1. LP-gas containers of less than a 125-gallon water capacity are allowed without a separation distance where in compliance with Items 2, 3 and 4. 2. Department of Transportation (DOTn) specification LP-gas containers shall be located and installed so that the discharge from the container pressure relief device is not less than 3 feet horizontally from building openings below the level of such discharge and shall not be beneath buildings unless the space is well ventilated to the outside and is not enclosed for more than 50 percent of its perimeter. The discharge from LP-gas container pressure relief devices shall be located not less than 5 feet from exterior sources of ignition, openings into direct-vent (sealed combustion system) appliances or mechanical ventilation air intakes. 3. ASME LP-gas containers of less than a 125-gallon water capacity shall be located and installed such that the discharge from pressure relief devices shall not terminate in or beneath buildings and shall be located not less than 5 feet horizontally from building openings below the level of such discharge and not less than 5 feet from exterior sources of ignition, openings into direct vent (sealed combustion system) appliances, or mechanical ventilation air intakes. 4. The filling connection and the vent from liquid-level gauges on either DOTn or ASME LP-gas containers filled at the point of installation shall be not less than 10 feet from exterior sources of ignition, openings into direct vent (sealed combustion system) appliances or mechanical ventilation air intakes. f. This distance is allowed to be reduced to not less than 10 feet for a single LP-gas container of 1,200-gallon water capacity or less, provided that such container is not less than 25 feet from other LP-gas containers of more than 125-gallon water capacity. g. Above-ground LP-gas containers with a water capacity of 2,000 gallons or less shall be separated from public ways by a distance of not less than 5 feet. Containers with a water capacity greater than 2,000 gallons shall be separated from public ways in accordance with this table. 2021 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE® 61-3 EDUFIRE.IR Telegram: EDUFIRE.IR

LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GASES SECTION 6109 ing open to the public. The quantity of LP-gas shall not exceed 200 pounds (91 kg) except as provided in Section STORAGE OF PORTABLE LP-GAS CONTAINERS 6109.11. AWAITING USE OR RESALE 6109.10 Storage within buildings not open to the public. The maximum quantity allowed in one storage location in 6109.1 General. Storage of portable LP-gas containers of buildings not open to the public, such as industrial buildings, 1,000 pounds (454 kg) or less, whether filled, partially filled shall not exceed a water capacity of 735 pounds (334 kg) or empty, at consumer sites or distribution points, and for [nominal 300 pounds (136 kg) of LP-gas]. Where additional resale by dealers or resellers shall comply with Sections storage locations are required on the same floor within the 6109.2 through 6109.15.1. same building, they shall be separated by not less than 300 feet (91 440 mm). Storage beyond these limitations shall Exceptions: comply with Section 6109.11. 1. LP-gas containers that have not previously been in 6109.10.1 Quantities on equipment and vehicles. LP- LP-gas service. gas containers carried as part of service equipment on highway mobile vehicles need not be considered in the 2. LP-gas containers at distribution plants. total storage capacity in Section 6109.10, provided that such vehicles are stored in private garages and do not 3. LP-gas containers at consumer sites or distribution carry more than three LP-gas containers with a total points, which are connected for use. aggregate LP-gas capacity not exceeding 100 pounds (45.4 kg) per vehicle. LP-gas container valves shall be 6109.2 Exposure hazards. LP-gas containers in storage closed. shall be located in a manner that minimizes exposure to excessive temperature rise, physical damage or tampering. 6109.11 Storage within rooms used for gas manufactur- ing. Storage within buildings or rooms used for gas 6109.3 Position. LP-gas containers in storage having indi- manufacturing, gas storage, gas-air mixing and vaporization, vidual water capacity greater than 2.7 pounds (1.2 kg) and compressors not associated with liquid transfer shall [nominal 1-pound (0.454 kg) LP-gas capacity] shall be posi- comply with Sections 6109.11.1 and 6109.11.2. tioned with the pressure relief valve in direct communication with the vapor space of the container. 6109.11.1 Quantity limits. The maximum quantity of LP-gas shall be 10,000 pounds (4540 kg). 6109.4 Separation from means of egress. LP-gas contain- ers stored in buildings in accordance with Sections 6109.9 6109.11.2 Construction. The construction of such build- and 6109.11 shall not be located near exit access doors, exits, ings and rooms shall comply with requirements for Group stairways or in areas normally used, or intended to be used, H occupancies in the International Building Code, Chap- as a means of egress. ter 10 of NFPA 58 and both of the following: 6109.5 Quantity. Empty LP-gas containers that have been in 1. Adequate vents shall be provided to the outside at LP-gas service shall be considered as full containers for the both top and bottom, located not less than 5 feet purpose of determining the maximum quantities of LP-gas (1524 mm) from building openings. allowed in Sections 6109.9 and 6109.11. 2. The entire area shall be classified for the purposes 6109.6 Storage on roofs. LP-gas containers that are not of ignition source control in accordance with connected for use shall not be stored on roofs. Section 6.25 of NFPA 58. 6109.7 Storage in basement, pit or similar location. LP- 6109.12 Location of storage outside of buildings. Storage gas containers shall not be stored in a basement, pit or simi- outside of buildings of LP-gas containers awaiting use, lar location where heavier-than-air gas might collect. LP-gas resale or part of a cylinder exchange program shall be containers shall not be stored in above-grade underfloor located in accordance with Table 6109.12. spaces or basements unless such location is provided with an approved means of ventilation. 6109.13 Protection of containers. LP-gas containers shall be stored within a suitable enclosure or otherwise protected Exception: Department of Transportation (DOTn) speci- against tampering. Vehicle impact protection shall be fication cylinders with a maximum water capacity of 2.7 provided as required by Section 6107.4. pounds (1.2 kg) for use in completely self-contained hand torches and similar applications. The quantity of LP-gas Exception: Vehicle impact protection shall not be shall not exceed 20 pounds (9 kg). required for protection of LP-gas containers where the containers are kept in lockable, ventilated cabinets of 6109.8 Protection of valves on LP-gas containers in stor- metal construction. age. LP-gas DOTn cylinder valves shall be protected by screw-on-type caps or collars that shall be securely in place 6109.14 Alternative location and protection of storage. on all containers stored regardless of whether they are full, Where the provisions of Sections 6109.12 and 6109.13 are partially full or empty. Container and tank outlet valves shall impractical at construction sites, or at buildings or structures be closed or plugged. undergoing major renovation or repairs, the storage of containers shall be as required by the fire code official. 6109.9 Storage within buildings open to the public. Department of Transportation (DOTn) specification cylin- ders with maximum water capacity of 2.7 pounds (1.2 kg) used in completely self-contained hand torches and similar applications are allowed to be stored or displayed in a build- 61-4 2021 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE® EDUFIRE.IR Telegram: EDUFIRE.IR

LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GASES TABLE 6109.12 SEPARATION FROM EXPOSURES OF LP-GAS CONTAINERS AWAITING USE, RESALE OR EXCHANGE STORED OUTSIDE OF BUILDINGS MINIMUM SEPARATION DISTANCE FROM STORED LP-GAS CYLINDERS TO (feet): QUANTITY OF Nearest important Line of adjoining property LP-gas Doorway or Doorway or Combustible Motor vehicle LP-GAS STORED building or group of occupied by schools, places of dispensing opening to a opening to a materials fuel dispenser buildings or line of building with building with (pounds) adjoining property religious worship, hospitals, station two or more one means of that may be built on athletic fields or other points of means of egress public gathering; busy egress thoroughfares; or sidewalks 720 or less 0 0 55 10 10 20 721–2,500 0 10 10 5 10 10 20 2,501–6,000 10 10 10 10 10 10 20 6,001–10,000 20 20 20 20 20 10 20 Over 10,000 25 25 25 25 25 10 20 For SI: 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 pound = 0.454 kg. 6109.15 LP-gas cylinder exchange for resale. In addition shall not be capable of returning to automatic to other applicable requirements of this chapter, facilities operation after a manual override until the system operating LP-gas cylinder exchange stations that are open to has been inspected and reset by authorized the public shall comply with the following requirements. personnel. 6. Inspections shall be conducted by authorized 1. Cylinders shall be secured in a lockable, ventilated personnel to verify that all cylinders are secured, metal cabinet or other approved enclosure. access doors are closed and the station has no visi- ble damage or obvious defects that necessitate 2. Cylinders shall be available only by authorized placing the station out of service. The frequency personnel or by use of an automated exchange of inspections shall be as specified by the fire code system in accordance with Section 6109.15.1. official. 3. A sign shall be posted on the entry door of the busi- SECTION 6110 ness operating the cylinder exchange stating “DO LP-GAS CONTAINERS NOT IN SERVICE NOT BRING LP-GAS CYLINDERS INTO THE BUILDING” or similar approved wording. 6110.1 Removed from service. LP-gas containers whose use has been discontinued shall comply with all of the 4. An emergency contact information sign shall be following: posted within 10 feet (3048 mm) of the cylinder stor- age cabinet. The content, lettering, size, color and 1. Be disconnected from appliance piping. location of the required sign shall be as required by 2. Have LP-gas container outlets, except relief valves, the fire code official. closed or plugged. 6109.15.1 Automated cylinder exchange stations. 3. Be positioned with the relief valve in direct commu- Cylinder exchange stations that include an automated vending system for exchanging cylinders shall comply nication with the LP-gas container vapor space. with the following additional requirements: 6110.2 Removal from site. LP-gas containers discontinued 1. The vending system shall only permit access to a from service shall be removed from the site. single cylinder per individual transaction. SECTION 6111 2. Cabinets storing cylinders shall be designed such PARKING AND GARAGING OF that cylinders can only be placed inside when they are oriented in the upright position. LP-GAS TANK VEHICLES 3. Devices operating door releases for access to 6111.1 General. Parking of LP-gas tank vehicles shall stored cylinders shall be permitted to be pneu- comply with Sections 6111.2 and 6111.3. matic, mechanical or electrically powered. Exception: In cases of accident, breakdown or other 4. Electrical equipment inside of or within 5 feet emergencies, LP-gas tank vehicles are allowed to be (1524 mm) of a cabinet storing cylinders, includ- parked and left unattended at any location while the oper- ing but not limited to electronics associated with ator is obtaining assistance. vending operations, shall comply with the require- ments for Class I, Division 2, equipment in 6111.2 Unattended parking. The unattended parking of LP- accordance with NFPA 70. gas tank vehicles shall be in accordance with Sections 6111.2.1 and 6111.2.2. 5. A manual override control shall be permitted for use by authorized personnel. On newly installed cylinder exchange stations, the vending system 2021 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE® 61-5 EDUFIRE.IR Telegram: EDUFIRE.IR