International Fire Code--2021

COMPRESSED GASES of escaping gas upon the container, adjacent structures or contact, vibration or seismic activity. Securing of personnel. compressed gas containers, cylinders and tanks shall be by one of the following methods: Exception: DOTn specification containers having an internal volume of 30 cubic feet (0.855 m3) or less. 1. Securing containers, cylinders and tanks to a fixed object with one or more restraints. 5303.3.5 Freeze protection. Pressure relief devices or vent piping shall be designed or located so that moisture 2. Securing containers, cylinders and tanks on a cart cannot collect and freeze in a manner that would interfere or other mobile device designed for the movement with the operation of the device. of compressed gas containers, cylinders or tanks. 5303.4 Marking. Stationary and portable compressed gas 3. Nesting of compressed gas containers, cylinders containers, cylinders, tanks and systems shall be marked in and tanks at container filling or servicing facilities accordance with Sections 5303.4.1 through 5303.4.3. or in sellers’ warehouses not open to the public. Nesting shall be allowed provided that the nested 5303.4.1 Stationary compressed gas containers, cylin- containers, cylinders or tanks, if dislodged, do not ders and tanks. Stationary compressed gas containers, obstruct the required means of egress. cylinders and tanks shall be marked with the name of the gas and in accordance with Sections 5003.5 and 5003.6. 4. Securing of compressed gas containers, cylinders Markings shall be visible from any direction of approach. and tanks to or within a rack, framework, cabinet or similar assembly designed for such use. 5303.4.2 Portable containers, cylinders and tanks. Portable compressed gas containers, cylinders and tanks Exception: Compressed gas containers, shall be marked in accordance with CGA C-7. cylinders and tanks in the process of examina- tion, filling, transport or servicing. 5303.4.3 Piping systems. Piping systems shall be marked in accordance with ASME A13.1. Markings used for 5303.6 Valve protection. Compressed gas container, cylin- piping systems shall consist of the content’s name and der and tank valves shall be protected from physical damage include a direction-of-flow arrow. Markings shall be by means of protective caps, collars or similar devices in provided at each valve; at wall, floor or ceiling penetra- accordance with Sections 5303.6.1 and 5303.6.2. tions; at each change of direction; and at not less than every 20 feet (6096 mm) or fraction thereof throughout 5303.6.1 Compressed gas container, cylinder or tank the piping run. protective caps or collars. Compressed gas containers, cylinders and tanks designed for protective caps, collars Exceptions: or other protective devices shall have the caps or devices in place except when the containers, cylinders or tanks are 1. Piping that is designed or intended to carry in use or are being serviced or filled. more than one gas at various times shall have appropriate signs or markings posted at the 5303.6.2 Caps and plugs. Compressed gas containers, manifold, along the piping and at each point of cylinders and tanks designed for valve protection caps or use to provide clear identification and warning. other protective devices shall have the caps or devices in place. When outlet caps or plugs are installed, they shall 2. Piping within gas manufacturing plants, gas be in place. processing plants, refineries and similar occu- pancies shall be marked in an approved Exception: Compressed gas containers, cylinders or manner. tanks in use, being serviced or being filled. 5303.5 Security. Compressed gas containers, cylinders, 5303.7 Separation from hazardous conditions. tanks and systems shall be secured against accidental Compressed gas containers, cylinders and tanks and systems dislodgement and against access by unauthorized personnel in storage or use shall be separated from materials and condi- in accordance with Sections 5303.5.1 through 5303.5.3. tions that pose exposure hazards to or from each other. Compressed gas containers, cylinders, tanks and systems in 5303.5.1 Security of areas. Areas used for the storage, storage or use shall be separated in accordance with Sections use and handling of compressed gas containers, cylinders, 5303.7.1 through 5303.7.11.2. tanks and systems shall be secured against unauthorized entry and safeguarded in an approved manner. 5303.7.1 Incompatible materials. Compressed gas containers, cylinders and tanks shall be separated from 5303.5.2 Physical protection. Compressed gas contain- each other based on the hazard class of their contents. ers, cylinders, tanks and systems that could be exposed to Compressed gas containers, cylinders and tanks shall be physical damage shall be protected. Guard posts or other separated from incompatible materials in accordance approved means shall be provided to protect compressed with Section 5003.9.8. gas containers, cylinders, tanks and systems indoors and outdoors from vehicular damage and shall comply with 5303.7.2 Combustible waste, vegetation and similar Section 312. materials. Combustible waste, vegetation and similar materials shall be kept not less than 10 feet (3048 mm) 5303.5.3 Securing compressed gas containers, cylin- from compressed gas containers, cylinders, tanks and ders and tanks. Compressed gas containers, cylinders systems. A noncombustible partition, without openings or and tanks shall be secured to prevent falling caused by penetrations and extending not less than 18 inches 53-2 2021 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE® EDUFIRE.IR Telegram: EDUFIRE.IR

COMPRESSED GASES (457 mm) above and to the sides of the storage area is incompatible gases shall be provided where required allowed in lieu of such distance. The wall shall either be by Section 5303.7.1. an independent structure, or the exterior wall of the build- ing adjacent to the storage area. 5303.7.11.2 Connections. Piping systems used to connect tube trailers to a user piping system shall not 5303.7.3 Ledges, platforms and elevators. Compressed be viewed as an encroachment into the 3-foot (914 gas containers, cylinders and tanks shall not be placed mm) clear space. near elevators, unprotected platform ledges or other areas where falling would result in compressed gas containers, 5303.8 Wiring and equipment. Electrical wiring and equip- cylinders or tanks being allowed to drop distances ment shall comply with NFPA 70. Compressed gas exceeding one-half the height of the container, cylinder or containers, cylinders, tanks and systems shall not be located tank. where they could become part of an electrical circuit. Compressed gas containers, cylinders, tanks and systems 5303.7.4 Temperature extremes. Compressed gas shall not be used for electrical grounding. containers, cylinders and tanks, whether full or partially full, shall not be exposed to artificially created high 5303.9 Service and repair. Service, repair, modification or temperatures exceeding 125°F (52°C) or subambient removal of valves, pressure-relief devices or other (low) temperatures unless designed for use under the compressed gas container, cylinder or tank appurtenances exposed conditions. shall be performed by trained personnel. 5303.7.5 Falling objects. Compressed gas containers, 5303.10 Unauthorized use. Compressed gas containers, cylinders, tanks and systems shall not be placed in areas cylinders, tanks and systems shall not be used for any where they are capable of being damaged by falling purpose other than to serve as a vessel for containing the objects. product that it is designed to contain. 5303.7.6 Heating. Compressed gas containers, cylinders 5303.11 Exposure to fire. Compressed gas containers, and tanks, whether full or partially full, shall not be cylinders and tanks that have been exposed to fire shall be heated by devices that could raise the surface temperature removed from service. Containers, cylinders and tanks so of the container, cylinder or tank to above 125°F (52°C). removed shall be handled by approved, qualified persons. Heating devices shall comply with the International Mechanical Code and NFPA 70. Approved heating meth- 5303.12 Leaks, damage or corrosion. Leaking, damaged or ods involving temperatures of less than 125°F (52°C) are corroded compressed gas containers, cylinders and tanks allowed to be used by trained personnel. Devices shall be removed from service. Leaking, damaged or designed to maintain individual compressed gas contain- corroded compressed gas systems shall be replaced or ers, cylinders or tanks at constant temperature shall be repaired in accordance with the following: approved and shall be designed to be fail-safe. 1. Compressed gas containers, cylinders and tanks that 5303.7.7 Sources of ignition. Open flames and high- have been removed from service shall be handled in temperature devices shall not be used in a manner that an approved manner. creates a hazardous condition. 2. Compressed gas systems that are determined to be 5303.7.8 Exposure to chemicals. Compressed gas leaking, damaged or corroded shall be repaired to a containers, cylinders, tanks and systems shall not be serviceable condition or removed from service. exposed to corrosive chemicals or fumes that could damage containers, cylinders, tanks, valves or valve- 5303.13 Surface of unprotected storage or use areas. protective caps. Unless otherwise specified in Section 5303.14, compressed gas containers, cylinders and tanks are allowed to be stored 5303.7.9 Exhausted enclosures. Where exhausted enclo- or used without being placed under overhead cover. To sures are provided as a means to segregate compressed prevent bottom corrosion, containers, cylinders and tanks gas containers, cylinders and tanks from exposure shall be protected from direct contact with soil or unim- hazards, such enclosures shall comply with the require- proved surfaces. The surface of the area on which the ments of Section 5003.8.5. containers are placed shall be graded to prevent accumula- tion of water. 5303.7.10 Gas cabinets. Where gas cabinets are provided as a means to separate compressed gas containers, cylin- 5303.14 Overhead cover. Compressed gas containers, ders and tanks from exposure hazards, such gas cabinets cylinders and tanks are allowed to be stored or used in the shall comply with the requirements of Section 5003.8.6. sun except in locations where extreme temperatures prevail. Where extreme temperatures prevail, overhead covers shall 5303.7.11 Tube trailers. Tube trailers, including those be provided. containing compatible compressed gases, shall be surrounded by a clear space of not less than 3 feet (914 5303.15 Lighting. Approved lighting by natural or artificial mm) to allow for maintenance, access and inspection. means shall be provided. 5303.7.11.1 Individual tube trailers containing 5303.16 Vaults. Generation, compression, storage and incompatible materials. Increased separation dispensing equipment for compressed gases shall be allowed distances between individual tube trailers containing to be located in either above- or below-grade vaults comply- ing with Sections 5303.16.1 through 5303.16.14. 2021 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE® 53-3 EDUFIRE.IR Telegram: EDUFIRE.IR

COMPRESSED GASES 5303.16.7 Arrangement. Equipment in vaults shall be listed or approved for above-ground use. Where multiple 5303.16.1 Listing required. Vaults shall be listed by a vaults are provided, adjacent vaults shall be allowed to nationally recognized testing laboratory. share a common wall. The common wall shall be liquid and vapor tight and shall be designed to withstand the Exception: Where approved by the fire code official, load imposed when the vault on either side of the wall is below-grade vaults are allowed to be constructed on filled with water. site, provided that the design is in accordance with the International Building Code and that special inspec- 5303.16.8 Connections. Connections shall be provided to tions are conducted to verify structural strength and permit the venting of each vault to dilute, disperse and compliance of the installation with the approved remove vapors prior to personnel entering the vault. design in accordance with Section 1707 of the Interna- tional Building Code. Installation plans for below- 5303.16.9 Ventilation. Vaults shall be provided with an grade vaults that are constructed on site shall be exhaust ventilation system installed in accordance with prepared by, and the design shall bear the stamp of, a Section 5004.3. The ventilation system shall operate professional engineer. Consideration shall be given to continuously or be designed to operate upon activation of soil and hydrostatic loading on the floors, walls and the vapor or liquid detection system. The system shall lid; anticipated seismic forces; uplifting by ground provide ventilation at a rate of not less than 1 cubic foot water or flooding; and to loads imposed from above, per minute (cfm) per square foot [0.00508 m3/(s × m2)] of such as traffic and equipment loading on the vault lid. floor area, but not less than 150 cfm (4 m3/min). The exhaust system shall be designed to provide air move- 5303.16.2 Design and construction. The vault shall ment across all parts of the vault floor for gases having a completely enclose generation, compression, storage or density greater than air and across all parts of the vault dispensing equipment located in the vault. There shall not ceiling for gases having a density less than air. Supply be openings in the vault enclosure except those necessary ducts shall extend to within 3 inches (76 mm), but not for vault ventilation and access, inspection, filling, more than 12 inches (305 mm), of the floor. Exhaust emptying or venting of equipment in the vault. The walls ducts shall extend to within 3 inches (76 mm), but not and floor of the vault shall be constructed of reinforced more than 12 inches (305 mm) of the floor or ceiling, for concrete not less than 6 inches (152 mm) thick. The top of heavier-than-air or lighter-than-air gases, respectively. an above-grade vault shall be constructed of noncombus- The exhaust system shall be installed in accordance with tible material and shall be designed to be weaker than the the International Mechanical Code. walls of the vault to ensure that the thrust of any explo- sion occurring inside the vault is directed upward. 5303.16.10 Monitoring and detection. Vaults shall be provided with approved vapor and liquid detection The top of an at- or below-grade vault shall be systems and equipped with on-site audible and visual designed to relieve safely or contain the force of an explo- warning devices with battery backup. Vapor detection sion occurring inside the vault. The top and floor of the systems shall sound an alarm when the system detects vault and the tank foundation shall be designed to with- vapors that reach or exceed 25 percent of the lower explo- stand the anticipated loading, including loading from sive limit (LEL) or one-half the immediately dangerous to vehicular traffic, where applicable. The walls and floor of life and health (IDLH) concentration for the gas in the a vault installed below grade shall be designed to with- vault. Vapor detectors shall be located not higher than 12 stand anticipated soil and hydrostatic loading. Vaults inches (305 mm) above the lowest point in the vault for shall be designed to be wind and earthquake resistant, in heavier-than-air gases and not lower than 12 inches (305 accordance with the International Building Code. mm) below the highest point in the vault for lighter-than- air gases. Liquid detection systems shall sound an alarm 5303.16.3 Secondary containment. Vaults shall be upon detection of any liquid, including water. Liquid substantially liquid-tight and there shall not be backfill detectors shall be located in accordance with the manu- within the vault. The vault floor shall drain to a sump. For facturer’s instructions. Activation of either vapor or liquid premanufactured vaults, liquid tightness shall be certified detection systems shall cause a signal to be sounded at an as part of the listing provided by a nationally recognized approved, constantly attended location within the facility testing laboratory. For field-erected vaults, liquid tight- served by the tanks or at an approved location. Activation ness shall be certified in an approved manner. of vapor detection systems shall shut off gas-handling equipment in the vault and dispensers. 5303.16.4 Internal clearance. There shall be sufficient clearance within the vault to allow for visual inspection 5303.16.11 Liquid removal. Means shall be provided to and maintenance of equipment in the vault. recover liquid from the vault. Where a pump is used to meet this requirement, it shall not be permanently 5303.16.5 Anchoring. Vaults and equipment contained installed in the vault. Electric-powered portable pumps therein shall be suitably anchored to withstand uplifting shall be suitable for use in Class I, Division 1, locations, by groundwater or flooding. The design shall verify that as defined in NFPA 70. uplifting is prevented even where equipment within the vault is empty. 2021 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE® 5303.16.6 Vehicle impact protection. Vaults shall be Telegram: EDUFIRE.IR resistant to damage from the impact of a motor vehicle, or vehicle impact protection shall be provided in accordance with Section 312. 53-4 EDUFIRE.IR

COMPRESSED GASES 5303.16.12 Relief vents. Vent pipes for equipment in the 5305.3 Piping systems. Piping, including tubing, valves, vault shall terminate not less than 12 feet (3658 mm) fittings and pressure regulators, shall comply with this above ground level. section and Chapter 50. Piping, tubing, pressure regulators, valves and other apparatus shall be kept gas tight to prevent 5303.16.13 Accessway. Vaults shall be provided with an leakage. approved personnel accessway with a minimum dimen- sion of 30 inches (762 mm) and with a permanently 5305.4 Valves. Valves utilized on compressed gas systems affixed, nonferrous ladder. Accessways shall be designed shall be suitable for the use intended. Access to such valves to be nonsparking. Travel distance from any point inside a shall be provided and maintained. Valve handles or opera- vault to an accessway shall not exceed 20 feet (6096 mm). tors for required shutoff valves shall not be removed or At each entry point, a warning sign indicating the need for otherwise altered to prevent access. procedures for safe entry into confined spaces shall be posted. Entry points shall be secured against unauthorized 5305.5 Venting. Venting of gases shall be directed to an entry and vandalism. approved location. Venting shall comply with the Interna- tional Mechanical Code. 5303.16.14 Classified area. The interior of a vault containing a flammable gas shall be designated a Class I, 5305.6 Upright use. Compressed gas containers, cylinders Division 1, location, as defined in NFPA 70. and tanks, except those designed for use in a horizontal posi- tion, and all compressed gas containers, cylinders and tanks SECTION 5304 containing nonliquefied gases, shall be used in an upright STORAGE OF COMPRESSED GASES position with the valve end up. An upright position shall include conditions where the container, cylinder or tank axis 5304.1 Upright storage. Compressed gas containers, cylin- is inclined as much as 45 degrees (0.80 rad) from the verti- ders and tanks, except those designed for use in a horizontal cal. Use of nonflammable liquefied gases in the inverted position, and all compressed gas containers, cylinders and position where the liquid phase is used shall not be prohib- tanks containing nonliquefied gases, shall be stored in an ited provided that the container, cylinder or tank is properly upright position with the valve end up. An upright position secured and the dispensing apparatus is designed for lique- shall include conditions where the container, cylinder or tank fied gas use. axis is inclined as much as 45 degrees (0.80 rad) from the vertical. Exception: Compressed gas containers, cylinders and tanks with a water volume less than 1.3 gallons (5 L) are Exceptions: allowed to be used in a horizontal position. 1. Compressed gas containers with a water volume 5305.7 Transfer. Transfer of gases between containers, less than 1.3 gallons (5 L) are allowed to be stored cylinders and tanks shall be performed by qualified person- in a horizontal position. nel using equipment and operating procedures in accordance with CGA P-1. 2. Cylinders, containers and tanks containing nonflammable gases, or cylinders, containers and Exception: The fueling of vehicles with CNG or CH2, tanks containing nonliquefied flammable gases conducted in accordance with Chapter 23. that have been secured to a pallet for transporta- tion purposes. 5305.8 Use of compressed gas for inflation. Inflatable equipment, devices or balloons shall only be pressurized or 5304.2 Material-specific regulations. In addition to the filled with compressed air or inert gases. requirements of this section, indoor and outdoor storage of compressed gases shall comply with the material-specific 5305.9 Material-specific regulations. In addition to the provisions of Chapters 54, 58 and 60 through 67. requirements of this section, indoor and outdoor use of compressed gases shall comply with the material-specific SECTION 5305 provisions of Chapters 54, 58 and 60 through 67. USE AND HANDLING OF COMPRESSED GASES 5305.10 Handling. The handling of compressed gas 5305.1 Compressed gas systems. Compressed gas systems containers, cylinders and tanks shall comply with Sections shall be suitable for the use intended and shall be designed 5305.10.1 and 5305.10.2. by persons competent in such design. Compressed gas equipment, machinery and processes shall be listed or 5305.10.1 Carts and trucks. Containers, cylinders and approved. tanks shall be moved using an approved method. Where containers, cylinders or tanks are moved by hand cart, 5305.2 Controls. Compressed gas system controls shall be hand truck or other mobile device, such carts, trucks or designed to prevent materials from entering or leaving devices shall be designed for the secure movement of process or reaction systems at other than the intended time, containers, cylinders or tanks. Carts and trucks utilized rate or path. Automatic controls shall be designed to be fail- for transport of compressed gas containers, cylinders and safe. tanks within buildings shall comply with Section 5003.10. Carts and trucks utilized for transport of compressed gas containers, cylinders and tanks exterior to buildings shall be designed so that the containers, 2021 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE® 53-5 EDUFIRE.IR Telegram: EDUFIRE.IR

COMPRESSED GASES cylinders and tanks will be secured against dropping or barriers constructed in accordance with Section 707 of otherwise striking against each other or other surfaces. the International Building Code or horizontal assemblies constructed in accordance with Section 711 of the Inter- 5305.10.2 Lifting devices. Ropes, chains or slings shall national Building Code, or both, with a fire-resistance not be used to suspend compressed gas containers, cylin- rating of not less than 1 hour. Openings between the room ders and tanks unless provisions at time of manufacture or enclosure and interior spaces shall be provided with have been made on the container, cylinder or tank for self-closing, smoke- and draft-control assemblies having appropriate lifting attachments, such as lugs. a fire protection rating of not less than 1 hour. An auto- matic sprinkler system shall be installed within the room. SECTION 5306 The room shall be exhausted through a duct to the exte- rior. Supply and exhaust ducts shall be enclosed in a 1- MEDICAL GASES hour-rated shaft enclosure from the room to the exterior. Approved mechanical ventilation shall comply with the 5306.1 General. Medical gases at health care-related facili- International Mechanical Code and be provided at a ties intended for patient or veterinary care shall comply with minimum rate of 1 cfm per square foot [0.00508 m3/(s × Sections 5306.2 through 5306.5 in addition to other require- m2)] of the area of the room. ments of this chapter and Section 427 of the International Building Code. 5306.2.3 Gas cabinets. Gas cabinets shall be constructed in accordance with Section 5003.8.6 and shall comply 5306.1.1 Training. Personnel who handle medical gases with the following: and associated equipment and cylinders shall be trained on the use, safe handling and associated hazards. 1. Exhausted to the exterior through dedicated exhaust duct system installed in accordance with 5306.2 Interior supply location. Medical gases shall be Chapter 5 of the International Mechanical Code. located in areas dedicated to the storage of such gases with- out other storage or uses. Where containers of medical gases 2. Supply and exhaust ducts shall be enclosed in a 1- in quantities greater than the permit amount are located hour fire-resistance-rated shaft enclosure from the inside buildings, they shall be in a 1-hour exterior room, a 1- cabinet to the exterior. The average velocity of hour interior room or a gas cabinet in accordance with ventilation at the face of access ports or windows Section 5306.2.1, 5306.2.2 or 5306.2.3, respectively. Rooms shall be not less than 200 feet per minute (1.02 or areas where medical gases are stored or used in quantities m/s) with not less than 150 feet per minute (0.76 exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area m/s) at any point of the access port or window. as set forth in Section 5003.1 shall be in accordance with the International Building Code for high-hazard Group H 3. Provided with an automatic sprinkler system inter- occupancies. nal to the cabinet. 5306.2.1 One-hour exterior rooms. A 1-hour exterior 5306.3 Exterior supply locations. Oxidizer medical gas room shall be a room or enclosure separated from the systems located on the exterior of a building with quantities remainder of the building by fire barriers constructed in greater than the permit amount shall be located in accor- accordance with Section 707 of the International Build- dance with Section 6304.2.1. ing Code or horizontal assemblies constructed in accordance with Section 711 of the International Build- 5306.4 Transfilling. Transfilling areas and operations ing Code, or both, with a fire-resistance rating of not less including, but not limited to, ventilation and separation, shall than 1 hour. Openings between the room or enclosure and comply with NFPA 99. interior spaces shall be self-closing smoke- and draft- control assemblies having a fire protection rating of not 5306.5 Medical gas systems and equipment. Medical gas less than 1 hour. Rooms shall have not less than one exte- systems and equipment shall be installed, tested and labeled rior wall that is provided with not less than two vents. in accordance with NFPA 99 and the general provisions of Each vent shall have a minimum free opening area of 36 this chapter. Existing medical gas systems and equipment square inches (232 cm2) for each 1,000 cubic feet (28 m3) shall be used and maintained in accordance with the use, at normal temperature and pressure (NTP) of gas stored maintenance, inspection and testing provisions of NFPA 99 in the room and shall be not less than 72 square inches for medical gas systems and equipment. (465 cm2) in aggregate free opening area. One vent shall be within 6 inches (152 mm) of the floor and one shall be SECTION 5307 within 6 inches (152 mm) of the ceiling. Rooms shall be COMPRESSED GASES provided with not less than one automatic sprinkler to NOT OTHERWISE REGULATED provide container cooling in case of fire. 5307.1 General. Compressed gases in storage or use not 5306.2.2 One-hour interior room. Where an exterior regulated by the material-specific provisions of Chapters 6, wall cannot be provided for the room, a 1-hour interior 54, 55, and 60 through 67, including asphyxiant, irritant and room shall be provided and shall be a room or enclosure radioactive gases, shall comply with this section in addition separated from the remainder of the building by fire to other requirements of this chapter. 53-6 2021 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE® EDUFIRE.IR Telegram: EDUFIRE.IR

COMPRESSED GASES 5307.2 Ventilation. Indoor storage and use areas and storage dioxide, and carbon dioxide enrichment systems with any buildings shall be provided with ventilation in accordance quantity of carbon dioxide having a remote fill connection, with Section 5004.3. Where mechanical ventilation is shall comply with Sections 5307.4.1 through 5307.4.7. provided, the systems shall be operational during such time as the building or space is occupied. 5307.4.1 Documentation. The following information shall be provided with the application for permit: Exceptions: 1. Total aggregate quantity of liquid carbon dioxide 1. A gas detection system complying with Section in pounds or cubic feet at normal temperature and 5307.2.1 shall be permitted in lieu of mechanical pressure. ventilation. 2. Location and total volume of the room where the 2. Areas containing insulated liquid carbon dioxide carbon dioxide enrichment operation will be systems used in beverage dispensing applications conducted. Identify whether the room is at grade shall comply with Section 5307.3. or below grade. 5307.2.1 Gas detection system. In rooms or areas not 3. Location of containers relative to equipment, provided with ventilation in accordance with Section building openings and means of egress. 5307.2, a gas detection system complying with Section 916 or, where approved, an oxygen depletion alarm 4. Manufacturer’s specifications and pressure rating, system, either of which initiates audible and visible alarm including cut sheets, of all piping and tubing to be signals in the room or area where sensors are installed, used. shall be provided. 5. A piping and instrumentation diagram that shows 5307.3 Insulated liquid carbon dioxide systems used in piping support and remote fill connections. beverage dispensing applications. Insulated liquid carbon dioxide systems with more than 100 pounds (45.4 kg) of 6. Details of container venting, including but not carbon dioxide used in beverage dispensing applications limited to vent line size, material and termination shall comply with Section 5307.3.1. location. 5307.3.1 Ventilation. Where insulated liquid carbon 7. Alarm and detection system and equipment, if dioxide storage tanks, cylinders, piping and equipment applicable. are located indoors, rooms or areas containing storage tanks, cylinders, piping and equipment, and other areas 8. Seismic support for containers. where a leak of carbon dioxide is expected to accumulate, shall be provided with mechanical ventilation in accor- 5307.4.2 Equipment. Pressure relief, vent piping, fill dance with Section 5004.3 and designed to maintain the indicators, fill connections, vent terminations, piping room containing carbon dioxide at a negative pressure in systems and the storage, use and handling of the carbon relation to the surrounding area. dioxide shall be in accordance with Chapter 53 and NFPA 55. Exception: A gas detection system complying with Section 5307.3.2 shall be permitted in lieu of mechani- 5307.4.3 Gas detection system. A gas detection system cal ventilation. complying with Section 916 shall be provided in rooms or indoor areas in which the carbon dioxide enrichment 5307.3.2 Gas detection system. Where ventilation is not process is located, in rooms or indoor areas in which provided in accordance with Section 5307.3.1, a gas container systems are located, and in other areas where detection system shall be provided in rooms or indoor carbon dioxide is expected to accumulate. Carbon dioxide areas and in below-grade outdoor locations with insulated sensors shall be provided within 12 inches (305 mm) of carbon dioxide systems. Carbon dioxide sensors shall be the floor in the area where the gas is expected to accumu- provided within 12 inches (305 mm) of the floor in the late or leaks are most likely to occur. The system shall be area where the gas is expected to accumulate or other designed as follows: approved locations. The system shall be designed as follows: 1. Activates a low-level alarm upon detection of a carbon dioxide concentration of 5,000 ppm (9000 1. Activates an audible and visible supervisory alarm mg/m3). at a normally attended location upon detection of a carbon dioxide concentration of 5,000 ppm (9000 2. Activates a high-level alarm upon detection of a mg/m3). carbon dioxide concentration of 30,000 ppm (54 000 mg/m3). 2. Activates an audible and visible alarm within the room or immediate area where the system is 5307.4.3.1 System activation. Activation of the low- installed upon detection of a carbon dioxide level gas detection system alarm shall automatically: concentration of 30,000 ppm (54 000 mg/m3). 1. Stop the flow of carbon dioxide to the piping 5307.4 Carbon dioxide enrichment systems. The design, system. installation and maintenance of carbon dioxide enrichment systems with more than 100 pounds (45.4 kg) of carbon 2. Activate the mechanical exhaust ventilation system. 3. Activate an audible and visible supervisory alarm signal at an approved location within the building. 2021 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE® 53-7 EDUFIRE.IR Telegram: EDUFIRE.IR

COMPRESSED GASES 2021 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE® Activation of the high-level gas detection system Telegram: EDUFIRE.IR alarm shall automatically: 1. Stop the flow of carbon dioxide to the piping system. 2. Activate the mechanical exhaust ventilation system. 3. Activate an audible and visible evacuation alarm both inside and outside of the carbon dioxide enrichment area, and the area in which the carbon dioxide containers are located. 5307.4.4 Pressurization and ventilation. Rooms or indoor areas in which carbon dioxide enrichment is provided shall be maintained at a negative pressure in relation to the surrounding areas in the building. A mechanical ventilation system shall be provided in accor- dance with the International Mechanical Code that complies with all of the following: 1. Mechanical ventilation in the room or area shall be at a rate of not less than 1 cfm per square foot [0.00508 m3/(s × m2)]. 2. When activated by the gas detection system, the mechanical ventilation system shall remain on until manually reset. 3. The exhaust system intakes shall be taken from points within 12 inches (305 mm) of the floor. 4. The ventilation system shall discharge to the outdoors in an approved location. 5307.4.5 Signage. Hazard identification signs shall be posted at the entrance to the room and indoor areas where the carbon dioxide enrichment process is located, and at the entrance to the room or indoor area where the carbon dioxide containers are located. The sign shall be not less than 8 inches (200 mm) in width and 6 inches (150 mm) in height and indicate: CAUTION—CARBON DIOXIDE GAS VENTILATE THE AREA BEFORE ENTERING. A HIGH CARBON DIOXIDE (CO2) GAS CONCENTRATION IN THIS AREA CAN CAUSE ASPHYXIATION. 5307.4.6 Seismic and structural design. Carbon dioxide system containers and piping shall comply with the seis- mic design requirements in Chapter 16 of the International Building Code and shall not exceed the floor loading limitation of the building. 5307.4.7 Container refilling. Carbon dioxide containers located indoors shall not be refilled unless filled from a remote connection located outdoors. 53-8 EDUFIRE.IR

CHAPTER 54 CORROSIVE MATERIALS User note: About this chapter: Chapter 54 addresses the hazards of corrosive materials that have a destructive effect on living tissues. Though corrosive gases exist, most corrosive materials are solid or liquid and classified as either acids or bases (alkalis). These materials may pose a wide range of hazards other than corrosivity, such as combustibility, reactivity or oxidizing hazards, and must conform to the requirements of this code with respect to all of their known hazards. The focus of this chapter is on materials whose primary hazard is corrosivity; that is, the ability to destroy or irreparably damage living tissue on contact. SECTION 5401 per control area indicated in Table 5003.1.1(2), shall be in GENERAL accordance with Sections 5001, 5003 and 5004 and this chapter. 5401.1 Scope. The storage and use of corrosive materials shall be in accordance with this chapter. Compressed gases 5404.1.1 Liquid-tight floor. In addition to the provisions shall also comply with Chapter 53. of Section 5004.12, floors in storage areas for corrosive liquids shall be of liquid-tight construction. Exceptions: 1. Display and storage in Group M and storage in 5404.2 Outdoor storage. Outdoor storage of corrosive Group S occupancies complying with Section materials in amounts exceeding the maximum allowable 5003.11. quantity per control area indicated in Table 5003.1.1(4) 2. Stationary storage battery systems in accordance shall be in accordance with Sections 5001, 5003 and 5004 with Section 1206.15. and this chapter. 3. This chapter shall not apply to R-717 (ammonia) where used as a refrigerant in a refrigeration 5404.2.1 Above-ground outside storage tanks. Above- system (see Section 608). ground outside storage tanks exceeding an aggregate quantity of 1,000 gallons (3785 L) of corrosive liquids 5401.2 Permits. Permits shall be required as set forth in shall be provided with secondary containment in accor- Section 105.5. dance with Section 5004.2.2. SECTION 5402 5404.2.2 Distance from storage to exposures. Outdoor DEFINITION storage of corrosive materials shall not be within 20 feet (6096 mm) of buildings not associated with the manufac- 5402.1 Definition. The following term is defined in Chapter turing or distribution of such materials, lot lines, public 2: streets, public alleys, public ways or means of egress. A CORROSIVE. 2-hour fire barrier without openings or penetrations, and extending not less than 30 inches (762 mm) above and to SECTION 5403 the sides of the storage area, is allowed in lieu of such GENERAL REQUIREMENTS distance. The wall shall either be an independent struc- 5403.1 Quantities not exceeding the maximum allowable ture, or the exterior wall of the building adjacent to the quantity per control area. The storage and use of corrosive storage area. materials in amounts not exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area indicated in Section 5003.1 shall SECTION 5405 be in accordance with Sections 5001, 5003 and 5401. USE 5403.2 Quantities exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area. The storage and use of corrosive 5405.1 Indoor use. The indoor use of corrosive materials in materials in amounts exceeding the maximum allowable amounts exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per quantity per control area indicated in Section 5003.1 shall control area indicated in Table 5003.1.1(2) shall be in accor- be in accordance with this chapter and Chapter 50. dance with Sections 5001, 5003 and 5005 and this chapter. SECTION 5404 5405.1.1 Liquid transfer. Corrosive liquids shall be STORAGE transferred in accordance with Section 5005.1.10. 5404.1 Indoor storage. Indoor storage of corrosive materi- 5405.1.2 Ventilation. Where corrosive materials are als in amounts exceeding the maximum allowable quantity dispensed or used, mechanical exhaust ventilation in accordance with Section 5005.2.1.1 shall be provided. 5405.2 Outdoor use. The outdoor use of corrosive materials in amounts exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per 2021 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE® 54-1 EDUFIRE.IR Telegram: EDUFIRE.IR

CORROSIVE MATERIALS control area indicated in Table 5003.1.1(4) shall be in accor- dance with Sections 5001, 5003 and 5005 and this chapter. 5405.2.1 Distance from use to exposures. Outdoor use of corrosive materials shall be located in accordance with Section 5404.2.2. 54-2 2021 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE® EDUFIRE.IR Telegram: EDUFIRE.IR

CHAPTER 55 CRYOGENIC FLUIDS User note: About this chapter: Chapter 55 regulates the hazards associated with the storage, use and handling of cryogenic fluids through regulation of such things as pressure relief mechanisms and proper container storage. These hazards are in addition to the code requirements that address the other hazards of cryogenic fluids such as flammability and toxicity. These other characteristics are dealt with in Chapter 50 and other chapters, such as Chapter 58 and its content about flammable gases. Cryogens are hazardous because they are held at extremely low temperatures and high pressures. Many cryogenic fluids, however, are actually inert gases and would not be regulated elsewhere in this code. Cryogens are used for many applications but specifically have had widespread use in the biomedical field and in space programs. SECTION 5501 5503.1.1 Nonstandard containers. Containers, equip- GENERAL ment and devices that are not in compliance with recognized standards for design and construction shall be 5501.1 Scope. Storage, use and handling of cryogenic fluids approved upon presentation of satisfactory evidence that shall comply with this chapter and NFPA 55. Cryogenic they are designed and constructed for safe operation. fluids classified as hazardous materials shall also comply with the general requirements of Chapter 50. Partially full 5503.1.1.1 Data submitted for approval. The follow- containers containing residual cryogenic fluids shall be ing data shall be submitted to the fire code official with considered as full for the purposes of the controls required. reference to the deviation from the recognized stan- dard with the application for approval. Exceptions: 1. Fluids used as refrigerants in refrigeration systems 1. Type and use of container, equipment or (see Section 608). device. 2. Liquefied natural gas (LNG), which shall comply with NFPA 59A. 2. Material to be stored, used or transported. Oxidizing cryogenic fluids, including oxygen, shall 3. Description showing dimensions and materials comply with Chapter 63, as applicable. used in construction. Flammable cryogenic fluids, including hydrogen, meth- 4. Design pressure, maximum operating pressure ane and carbon monoxide, shall comply with Chapters 23 and test pressure. and 58, as applicable. 5. Type, size and setting of pressure relief Inert cryogenic fluids, including argon, helium and nitro- devices. gen, shall comply with ANSI/CGA P-18. 5501.2 Permits. Permits shall be required as set forth in 6. Other data requested by the fire code official. Section 105.5. 5503.1.2 Concrete containers. Concrete containers shall SECTION 5502 be built in accordance with the International Building DEFINITIONS Code. Barrier materials and membranes used in connec- 5502.1 Definitions. The following terms are defined in tion with concrete, but not functioning structurally, shall Chapter 2. be compatible with the materials contained. CRYOGENIC CONTAINER. CRYOGENIC FLUID. 5503.1.3 Foundations and supports. Containers shall be CRYOGENIC VESSEL. provided with substantial concrete or masonry founda- FLAMMABLE CRYOGENIC FLUID. tions, or structural steel supports on firm concrete or LOW-PRESSURE TANK. masonry foundations. Containers shall be supported to prevent the concentration of excessive loads on the SECTION 5503 supporting portion of the shell. Foundations for horizontal GENERAL REQUIREMENTS containers shall be constructed to accommodate expan- 5503.1 Containers. Containers employed for storage or use sion and contraction of the container. Foundations shall of cryogenic fluids shall comply with Sections 5503.1.1 be provided to support the weight of vaporizers or heat through 5503.1.3.2 and Chapter 50. exchangers. 2021 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE® 5503.1.3.1 Temperature effects. Where container foundations or supports are subject to exposure to EDUFIRE.IR temperatures below -130°F (-90°C), the foundations or supports shall be constructed of materials to withstand the low-temperature effects of cryogenic fluid spillage. 5503.1.3.2 Corrosion protection. Portions of contain- ers in contact with foundations or saddles shall be painted to protect against corrosion. 55-1 Telegram: EDUFIRE.IR

CRYOGENIC FLUIDS 5503.2 Pressure relief devices. Pressure relief devices shall 5503.3.2 Arrangement. Pressure relief device vent be provided in accordance with Sections 5503.2.1 through piping and drains in vent lines shall be arranged so that 5503.2.7 to protect containers and systems containing cryo- escaping gas will discharge unobstructed to the open air genic fluids from rupture in the event of overpressure. and not impinge on personnel, containers, equipment and Pressure relief devices shall be designed in accordance with adjacent structures or enter enclosed spaces. Pressure CGA S-1.1, CGA S-1.2 and CGA S-1.3. relief device vent lines shall be installed in such a manner to exclude or remove moisture and condensation and 5503.2.1 Containers. Containers shall be provided with prevent malfunction of the pressure relief device because pressure relief devices. of freezing or ice accumulation. 5503.2.2 Vessels or equipment other than containers. 5503.4 Marking. Cryogenic containers and systems shall be Heat exchangers, vaporizers, insulation casings surround- marked in accordance with Sections 5503.4.1 through ing containers, vessels and coaxial piping systems in 5503.4.6. which liquefied cryogenic fluids could be trapped because of leakage from the primary container shall be provided 5503.4.1 Identification signs. Visible hazard identifica- with a pressure relief device. tion signs in accordance with NFPA 704 shall be provided at entrances to buildings or areas in which cryo- 5503.2.3 Sizing. Pressure relief devices shall be sized in genic fluids are stored, handled or used. accordance with the specifications to which the container was fabricated. The relief device shall have sufficient 5503.4.2 Identification of contents. Stationary and capacity to prevent the maximum design pressure of the portable containers shall be marked with the name of the container or system from being exceeded. gas contained. Stationary above-ground containers shall be placarded in accordance with Sections 5003.5 and 5503.2.4 Accessibility. Pressure relief devices shall be 5003.6. Portable containers shall be identified in accor- located such that they are provided with ready access for dance with CGA C-7. inspection and repair. 5503.4.3 Identification of containers. Stationary 5503.2.5 Arrangement. Pressure relief devices shall be containers shall be identified with the manufacturing arranged to discharge unobstructed to the open air in such specification and maximum allowable working pressure a manner as to prevent impingement of escaping gas on with a permanent nameplate. The nameplate shall be personnel, containers, equipment and adjacent structures installed on the container in a location provided with or to enter enclosed spaces. ready access. The nameplate shall be marked in accor- dance with the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code or Exception: DOTn-specified containers with an inter- DOTn 49 CFR Parts 100–185. nal volume of 2 cubic feet (0.057 m3) or less. 5503.4.4 Identification of container connections. 5503.2.6 Shutoffs between pressure relief devices and Container inlet and outlet connections, liquid-level limit containers. Shutoff valves shall not be installed between controls, valves and pressure gauges shall be identified pressure relief devices and containers. with one of the following: Exceptions: 1. A permanent tag or label identifying the function. 1. A shutoff valve is allowed on containers 2. A schematic drawing that portrays the function equipped with multiple pressure relief device and designates whether the connection is to the installations where the arrangement of the vapor or liquid space of the container. valves provides the full required flow through the minimum number of required relief devices Where a schematic drawing is provided, it shall be at all times. attached to the container and maintained in a legible condition. 2. A locking-type shutoff valve is allowed to be used upstream of the pressure relief device for 5503.4.5 Identification of piping systems. Piping service-related work performed by the supplier systems shall be identified in accordance with ASME when in accordance with the requirements of A13.1. the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code. 5503.4.6 Identification of emergency shutoff valves. 5503.2.7 Temperature limits. Pressure relief devices Emergency shutoff valves shall be identified and the loca- shall not be subjected to cryogenic fluid temperatures tion shall be clearly visible and indicated by means of a except when operating. sign. 5503.3 Pressure relief vent piping. Pressure relief vent- 5503.5 Security. Cryogenic containers and systems shall be piping systems shall be constructed and arranged so as to secured against accidental dislodgement and against access remain functional and direct the flow of gas to a safe location by unauthorized personnel in accordance with Sections in accordance with Sections 5503.3.1 and 5503.3.2. 5503.5.1 through 5503.5.4. 5503.3.1 Sizing. Pressure relief device vent piping shall 5503.5.1 Security of areas. Containers and systems shall have a cross-sectional area not less than that of the pres- be secured against unauthorized entry and safeguarded in sure relief device vent opening and shall be arranged so as an approved manner. not to restrict the flow of escaping gas. 5503.5.2 Securing of containers. Stationary containers 55-2 shall be secured to foundations in accordance with the EDUFIRE.IR 2021 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE® Telegram: EDUFIRE.IR

CRYOGENIC FLUIDS International Building Code. Portable containers subject 5504.2.1.1 Containers. Stationary containers shall to shifting or upset shall be secured. Nesting shall be an comply with Section 5503.1. acceptable means of securing containers. 5504.2.1.2 Construction of indoor areas. Cryogenic 5503.5.3 Securing of vaporizers. Vaporizers, heat fluids in stationary containers stored indoors shall be exchangers and similar equipment shall be anchored to a located in buildings, rooms or areas constructed in suitable foundation and its connecting piping shall be accordance with the International Building Code. sufficiently flexible to provide for the effects of expan- sion and contraction due to temperature changes. 5504.2.1.3 Ventilation. Storage areas for stationary containers shall be ventilated in accordance with the 5503.5.4 Physical protection. Containers, piping, valves, International Mechanical Code. pressure relief devices, regulating equipment and other appurtenances shall be protected against physical damage 5504.2.2 Portable containers. Indoor storage of portable and tampering. containers shall comply with the provisions applicable to the type of fluid stored and Sections 5504.2.2.1 through 5503.6 Electrical wiring and equipment. Electrical wiring 5504.2.2.3. and equipment shall comply with NFPA 70 and Sections 5503.6.1 and 5503.6.2. 5504.2.2.1 Containers. Portable containers shall comply with Section 5503.1. 5503.6.1 Location. Containers and systems shall not be located where they could become part of an electrical 5504.2.2.2 Construction of indoor areas. Cryogenic circuit. fluids in portable containers stored indoors shall be stored in buildings, rooms or areas constructed in 5503.6.2 Electrical grounding and bonding. Containers accordance with the International Building Code. and systems shall not be used for electrical grounding. Where electrical grounding and bonding is required, the 5504.2.2.3 Ventilation. Storage areas shall be venti- system shall comply with NFPA 70. The grounding lated in accordance with the International Mechanical system shall be protected against corrosion, including Code. corrosion caused by stray electric currents. 5504.3 Outdoor storage. Outdoor storage of containers 5503.7 Service and repair. Service, repair, modification or shall be in accordance with Sections 5504.3.1 through removal of valves, pressure relief devices or other container 5504.3.1.2.3. appurtenances shall comply with Sections 5503.7.1 and 5503.7.2 and the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, 5504.3.1 Separation from hazardous conditions. Cryo- Section VIII or DOTn 49 CFR Parts 100–185. genic containers and systems in outdoor storage shall be separated from materials and conditions that pose expo- 5503.7.1 Containers. Containers that have been removed sure hazards to or from each other in accordance with from service shall be handled in an approved manner. Sections 5504.3.1.1 through 5504.3.1.1.5. 5503.7.2 Systems. Service and repair of systems shall be 5504.3.1.1 Stationary containers. Stationary contain- performed by trained personnel. ers shall be separated from exposure hazards in accordance with the provisions applicable to the type 5503.8 Unauthorized use. Containers shall not be used for of fluid contained and the minimum separation any purpose other than to serve as a vessel for containing the distances indicated in Table 5504.3.1.1. product that it is designed to contain. TABLE 5504.3.1.1 5503.9 Leaks, damage and corrosion. Leaking, damaged SEPARATION OF STATIONARY CONTAINERS or corroded containers shall be removed from service. Leak- ing, damaged or corroded systems shall be replaced, repaired FROM EXPOSURE HAZARDS or removed in accordance with Section 5503.7. EXPOSURE MINIMUM DISTANCE 5503.10 Lighting. Where required, lighting, including emer- (feet) gency lighting, shall be provided for fire appliances and Air intakes operating facilities such as walkways, control valves and 10 gates ancillary to stationary containers. Building exits 10 SECTION 5504 STORAGE Buildings, regardless of construction type 1 5504.1 General. Storage of containers shall comply with Combustible materials such as paper, 15 this section. leaves, weeds, dry grass or debris 5504.2 Indoor storage. Indoor storage of containers shall be Lot lines 5 in accordance with Sections 5504.2.1 through 5504.2.2.3. Nonambulatory patient areas 50 5504.2.1 Stationary containers. Stationary containers shall be installed in accordance with the provisions appli- Other hazardous materials In accordance with cable to the type of fluid stored and this section. Chapter 50 Places of public assembly 50 Wall openings 1 For SI: 1 foot = 304.8 mm. 2021 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE® 55-3 EDUFIRE.IR Telegram: EDUFIRE.IR

CRYOGENIC FLUIDS 5504.3.1.1.1 Point-of-fill connections. Remote 5504.3.1.2.2 Surfaces beneath containers. The transfer points and fill connection points shall not be surface of the area on which stationary containers positioned closer to exposures than the minimum are placed, including the surface of the area located distances required for stationary containers. below the point where connections are made for the purpose of filling such containers, shall be compati- 5504.3.1.1.2 Surfaces beneath containers. ble with the fluid in the container. Containers shall be placed on surfaces that are compatible with the fluid in the container. 5504.3.1.2.3 Drainage. The area surrounding porta- ble containers shall be provided with a means to 5504.3.1.1.3 Location. Containers of cryogenic prevent accidental discharge of fluids from endan- fluids shall not be located within diked areas gering adjacent containers, buildings, equipment or containing other hazardous materials. adjoining property. 5504.3.1.1.4 Areas subject to flooding. Stationary Exception: These provisions shall not apply containers located in areas subject to flooding shall where it is determined by the fire code official be securely anchored or elevated to prevent the that the container does not constitute a hazard. containers from separating from foundations or supports. SECTION 5505 USE AND HANDLING 5504.3.1.1.5 Drainage. The area surrounding stationary containers shall be provided with a means 5505.1 General. Use and handling of cryogenic fluid to prevent accidental discharge of fluids from containers and systems shall comply with Sections 5505.1.1 endangering personnel, containers, equipment and through 5505.5.2. adjacent structures or to enter enclosed spaces. The stationary container shall not be placed where 5505.1.1 Cryogenic fluid systems. Cryogenic fluid spilled or discharged fluids will be retained around systems shall be suitable for the use intended and the container. designed by persons competent in such design. Equip- ment, machinery and processes shall be listed or Exception: These provisions shall not apply approved. where it is determined by the fire code official that the container does not constitute a hazard, 5505.1.2 Piping systems. Piping, tubing, valves and after consideration of special features such as joints and fittings conveying cryogenic fluids shall be crushed rock utilized as a heat sink, topographi- installed in accordance with the material-specific provi- cal conditions, nature of occupancy, proximity sions of Section 5501.1 and Sections 5505.1.2.1 through to structures on the same or adjacent property, 5505.1.2.6. and the capacity and construction of containers and character of fluids to be stored. 5505.1.2.1 Design and construction. Piping systems shall be suitable for the use intended through the full 5504.3.1.2 Outdoor storage of portable containers. range of pressure and temperature to which they will Outdoor storage of portable containers shall comply be subjected. Piping systems shall be designed and with Section 5503 and Sections 5504.3.1.2.1 through constructed to provide adequate allowance for expan- 5504.3.1.2.3. sion, contraction, vibration, settlement and fire exposure. 5504.3.1.2.1 Exposure hazard separation. Porta- ble containers in outdoor storage shall be separated 5505.1.2.2 Joints. Joints on container piping and from exposure hazards in accordance with Table tubing shall be threaded, welded, silver brazed or 5504.3.1.2.1. flanged. TABLE 5504.3.1.2.1 5505.1.2.3 Valves and accessory equipment. Valves SEPARATION OF PORTABLE CONTAINERS and accessory equipment shall be suitable for the intended use at the temperatures of the application and FROM EXPOSURE HAZARDS shall be designed and constructed to withstand the maximum pressure at the minimum temperature to EXPOSURE MINIMUM DISTANCE which they will be subjected. (feet) 5505.1.2.3.1 Shutoff valves on containers. Shutoff Air intakes 10 valves shall be provided on all container connec- tions except for pressure relief devices. Shutoff Building exits 10 valves shall be provided with access thereto and located as close as practical to the container. Combustible materials such as paper, 15 leaves, weeds, dry grass or debris 5505.1.2.3.2 Shutoff valves on piping. Shutoff valves shall be installed in piping containing cryo- Lot lines 5 genic fluids where needed to limit the volume of liquid discharged in the event of piping or equip- Other hazardous materials In accordance with ment failure. Pressure relief valves shall be installed Chapter 50 Wall openings 1 For SI: 1 foot = 304.8 mm. 55-4 2021 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE® EDUFIRE.IR Telegram: EDUFIRE.IR

CRYOGENIC FLUIDS where liquid is capable of being trapped between 5505.4.2 Vehicle loading and unloading areas. Loading shutoff valves in the piping system (see Section or unloading areas shall be conducted in an approved 5503.2). manner in accordance with the standards referenced in Section 5501.1. 5505.1.2.4 Physical protection and support. Piping systems shall be supported and protected from physi- 5505.4.3 Limit controls. Limit controls shall be provided cal damage. Piping passing through walls shall be to prevent overfilling of stationary containers during fill- protected from mechanical damage. ing operations. 5505.1.2.5 Corrosion protection. Above-ground 5505.5 Handling. Handling of cryogenic containers shall piping that is subject to corrosion because of exposure comply with Sections 5505.5.1 and 5505.5.2. to corrosive atmospheres, shall be constructed of mate- rials to resist the corrosive environment or otherwise 5505.5.1 Carts and trucks. Cryogenic containers shall protected against corrosion. Below-ground piping be moved using an approved method. Where cryogenic shall be protected against corrosion. containers are moved by hand cart, hand truck or other mobile device, such carts, trucks or devices shall be 5505.1.2.6 Testing. Piping systems shall be tested and designed for the secure movement of the container. proven free of leaks after installation as required by the standards to which they were designed and Carts and trucks used to transport cryogenic containers constructed. Test pressures shall be not less than 150 shall be designed to provide a stable base for the percent of the maximum allowable working pressure commodities to be transported and shall have a means of where hydraulic testing is conducted or 110 percent restraining containers to prevent accidental dislodgement. where testing is conducted pneumatically. 5505.5.2 Closed containers. Pressurized containers shall 5505.2 Indoor use. Indoor use of cryogenic fluids shall be transported in a closed condition. Containers designed comply with the material-specific provisions of Section for use at atmospheric conditions shall be transported 5501.1. with appropriate loose-fitting covers in place to prevent spillage. 5505.3 Outdoor use. Outdoor use of cryogenic fluids shall comply with the material specific provisions of Sections 5501.1, 5505.3.1 and 5505.3.2. 5505.3.1 Separation. Distances from lot lines, buildings and exposure hazards shall comply with Section 5504.3 and the material-specific provisions of Section 5501.1. 5505.3.2 Emergency shutoff valves. Manual or auto- matic emergency shutoff valves shall be provided to shut off the cryogenic fluid supply in case of emergency. An emergency shutoff valve shall be located at the source of supply and at the point where the system enters the building. 5505.4 Filling and dispensing. Filling and dispensing of cryogenic fluids shall comply with Sections 5505.4.1 through 5505.4.3. 5505.4.1 Dispensing areas. Dispensing of cryogenic fluids with physical or health hazards shall be conducted in approved locations. Dispensing indoors shall be conducted in areas constructed in accordance with the International Building Code. 5505.4.1.1 Ventilation. Indoor areas where cryogenic fluids are dispensed shall be ventilated in accordance with the requirements of the International Mechanical Code in a manner that captures any vapor at the point of generation. Exception: Cryogenic fluids that can be demon- strated not to create harmful vapors. 5505.4.1.2 Piping systems. Piping systems utilized for filling or dispensing of cryogenic fluids shall be designed and constructed in accordance with Section 5505.1.2. 2021 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE® 55-5 EDUFIRE.IR Telegram: EDUFIRE.IR

55-6 2021 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE® EDUFIRE.IR Telegram: EDUFIRE.IR

CHAPTER 56 EXPLOSIVES AND FIREWORKS User note: About this chapter: Chapter 56 prescribes minimum requirements for the safe manufacture, storage, handling and use of explosives, ammunition and blasting agents for commercial and industrial occupancies. These provisions are intended to protect the general public, emergency responders and individuals who handle explosives. It also regulates the manufacturing, retail sale, display and wholesale distri- bution of fireworks; establishes the requirements for obtaining approval to manufacture, store, sell, discharge or conduct a public display; and references national standards for regulations governing manufacture, storage and public displays. SECTION 5601 5601.1.3 Fireworks. The possession, manufacture, stor- GENERAL age, sale, handling and use of fireworks are prohibited. 5601.1 Scope. The provisions of this chapter shall govern Exceptions: the possession, manufacture, storage, handling, sale and use of explosives, explosive materials, fireworks and small arms 1. Storage and handling of fireworks as allowed ammunition. in Section 5604. Exceptions: 2. Manufacture, assembly and testing of fire- works as allowed in Section 5605. 1. The Armed Forces of the United States, Coast Guard or National Guard. 3. The use of fireworks for fireworks displays as allowed in Section 5608. 2. Explosives in forms prescribed by the official United States Pharmacopoeia. 4. The possession, storage, sale, handling and use of specific types of Division 1.4G fireworks 3. The possession, storage and use of small arms where allowed by applicable laws, ordinances ammunition where packaged in accordance with and regulations, provided that such fireworks DOTn packaging requirements. and facilities comply with the 2006 edition of NFPA 1124, CPSC 16 CFR Parts 1500 and 4. The possession, storage and use of not more than 1507, and DOTn 49 CFR Parts 100–185, as 1 pound (0.454 kg) of commercially manufactured applicable for consumer fireworks. sporting black powder, 20 pounds (9 kg) of smokeless powder and 10,000 small arms primers 5601.1.4 Rocketry. The storage, handling and use of for hand loading of small arms ammunition for model and high-power rockets shall comply with the personal consumption. requirements of NFPA 1122, NFPA 1125 and NFPA 1127. 5. The use of explosive materials by federal, state and local regulatory, law enforcement and fire 5601.1.5 Ammonium nitrate. The storage and handling agencies acting in their official capacities. of ammonium nitrate shall comply with the requirements of NFPA 400 and Chapter 63. 6. Special industrial explosive devices that in the aggregate contain less than 50 pounds (23 kg) of Exception: Storage of ammonium nitrate in maga- explosive materials. zines with blasting agents shall comply with the requirements of NFPA 495. 7. The possession, storage and use of blank indus- trial-power load cartridges where packaged in 5601.2 Permit required. Permits shall be required as set accordance with DOTn packaging regulations. forth in Section 105.5 and regulated in accordance with this section. 8. Transportation in accordance with DOTn 49 CFR Parts 100–185. 5601.2.1 Residential uses. Persons shall not keep or store, nor shall any permit be issued to keep or store, any 9. Items preempted by federal regulations. explosives at any place of habitation, or within 100 feet (30 480 mm) thereof. 5601.1.1 Explosive material standard. In addition to the requirements of this chapter, NFPA 495 shall govern the Exception: Storage of smokeless propellant, black manufacture, transportation, storage, sale, handling and powder and small arms primers for personal use and use of explosive materials. not for resale in accordance with Section 5606. 5601.1.2 Explosive material terminals. In addition to 5601.2.2 Sale and retail display. Persons shall not the requirements of this chapter, the operation of explo- construct a retail display nor offer for sale explosives, sive material terminals shall conform to the provisions of explosive materials or fireworks on highways, sidewalks, NFPA 498. public property or in Group A or E occupancies. 2021 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE® 56-1 EDUFIRE.IR Telegram: EDUFIRE.IR

EXPLOSIVES AND FIREWORKS 5601.2.3 Permit restrictions. The fire code official is 7. New explosive materials until approved by DOTn, authorized to limit the quantity of explosives, explosive except that permits are allowed to be issued to educa- materials or fireworks permitted at a given location. tional, governmental or industrial laboratories for Persons possessing a permit for storage of explosives at instructional or research purposes. any place, shall not keep or store an amount greater than authorized in such permit. Only the kind of explosive 8. Explosive materials forbidden for transport by specified in such a permit shall be kept or stored. DOTn. 5601.2.4 Financial responsibility. Before a permit is 9. Explosive materials containing an ammonium salt issued, as required by Section 5601.2, the applicant shall and a chlorate. file with the jurisdiction a corporate surety bond in the principal sum of $100,000 or a public liability insurance 10. Explosives not packed or marked as required by policy for the same amount, for the purpose of the DOTn 49 CFR Parts 100–185. payment of all damages to persons or property that arise from, or are caused by, the conduct of any act authorized Exception: Gelatin dynamite. by the permit upon which any judicial judgment results. The fire code official is authorized to specify a greater or 5601.4 Qualifications. Persons in charge of magazines, lesser amount when, in his or her opinion, conditions at blasting, fireworks display or pyrotechnic special effect the location of use indicate a greater or lesser amount is operations shall not be under the influence of alcohol or required. Government entities shall be exempt from this drugs that impair sensory or motor skills, shall be not less bond requirement. than 21 years of age and shall demonstrate knowledge of all safety precautions related to the storage, handling or use of 5601.2.4.1 Blasting. Before approval to do blasting is explosives, explosive materials or fireworks. issued, the applicant for approval shall file a bond or submit a certificate of insurance in such form, amount 5601.5 Supervision. The fire code official is authorized to and coverage as determined by the legal department of require operations permitted under the provisions of Section the jurisdiction to be adequate in each case to indem- 5601.2 to be supervised at any time by the fire code official nify the jurisdiction against any and all damages in order to determine compliance with all safety and fire arising from permitted blasting. regulations. 5601.2.4.2 Fireworks display. The permit holder shall 5601.6 Notification. Whenever a new explosive material furnish a bond or certificate of insurance in an amount storage or manufacturing site is established, including a deemed adequate by the fire code official for the temporary job site, the local law enforcement agency, fire payment of all potential damages to a person or department and local emergency planning committee shall persons or to property by reason of the permitted be notified 48 hours in advance, not including Saturdays, display, and arising from any acts of the permit holder, Sundays and holidays, of the type, quantity and location of the agent, employees or subcontractors. explosive materials at the site. 5601.3 Prohibited explosives. Permits shall not be issued or 5601.7 Seizure. The fire code official is authorized to renewed for possession, manufacture, storage, handling, sale remove or cause to be removed or disposed of in an or use of the following materials and such materials approved manner, at the expense of the owner, explosives, currently in storage or use shall be disposed of in an explosive materials or fireworks offered or exposed for sale, approved manner. stored, possessed or used in violation of this chapter. 1. Liquid nitroglycerin. 5601.8 Establishment of quantity of explosives and distances. The quantity of explosives and distances shall be 2. Dynamite containing more than 60-percent liquid in accordance with Sections 5601.8.1 through 5601.8.1.4. explosive ingredient. 5601.8.1 Quantity of explosives. The quantity-distance 3. Dynamite having an unsatisfactory absorbent or one (Q-D) tables in Sections 5604.5 and 5605.3 shall be used that permits leakage of a liquid explosive ingredient to provide the minimum separation distances from poten- under any conditions liable to exist during storage. tial explosion sites as set forth in Tables 5601.8.1(1) through 5601.8.1(3). The classification and the weight of 4. Nitrocellulose in a dry and uncompressed condition the explosives are primary characteristics governing the in a quantity greater than 10 pounds (4.54 kg) of net use of these tables. The net explosive weight shall be weight in one package. determined in accordance with Sections 5601.8.1.1 through 5601.8.1.4. 5. Fulminate of mercury in a dry condition and fulmi- nate of all other metals in any condition except as a 5601.8.1.1 Mass-detonating explosives (Division 1.1, component of manufactured articles not hereinafter 1.2 or 1.5). The total net explosive weight of mass- forbidden. detonating explosives (Division 1.1, 1.2 or 1.5) shall be used. See Table 5604.5.2(1) or Table 5605.3, as 6. Explosive compositions that ignite spontaneously or appropriate. undergo marked decomposition, rendering the prod- ucts of their use more hazardous, when subjected for Exception: Where the TNT equivalence of the 48 consecutive hours or less to a temperature of explosive material has been determined, the equiva- 167°F (75°C). lence is allowed to be used to establish the net explosive weight. 56-2 2021 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE® EDUFIRE.IR Telegram: EDUFIRE.IR

EXPLOSIVES AND FIREWORKS TABLE 5601.8.1(1) APPLICATION OF QUANTITY-DISTANCE (Q-D) TABLES—DIVISION 1.1, 1.2 AND 1.5 EXPLOSIVESa, b, c ITEM MAGAZINE OPERATING BUILDING INHABITED BUILDING PUBLIC TRAFFIC ROUTE Inhabited building IBD in Table 5604.5.2(1) IBD in Table 5604.5.2(1) Not Applicable Not Applicable Magazine IMD in Table 5604.5.2(1) ILD or IPD in IBD in Table 5604.5.2(1) PTR in Table 5604.5.2(1) Table 5605.3 Operating building ILD or IPD in ILD or IPD in IBD in Table 5604.5.2(1) PTR in Table 5604.5.2(1) Table 5604.5.2(1) Table 5605.3 Public traffic route PTR in Table 5604.5.2(1) PTR in Table 5604.5.2(1) Not Applicable Not Applicable For SI: 1 foot = 304.8 mm. a. The minimum separation distance shall be 60 feet. Where a building or magazine containing explosives is barricaded, the minimum distance shall be 30 feet. b. Linear interpolation between tabular values in the referenced Q-D tables shall not be allowed. Nonlinear interpolation of the values shall be allowed subject to an approved technical opinion and report prepared in accordance with Section 104.8.2. c. For definitions of quantity-distance abbreviations IBD, ILD, IMD, IPD and PTR, see Chapter 2. TABLE 5601.8.1(2) APPLICATION OF QUANTITY-DISTANCE (Q-D) TABLES—DIVISION 1.3 EXPLOSIVESa, b, c ITEM MAGAZINE OPERATING BUILDING INHABITED BUILDING PUBLIC TRAFFIC ROUTE Inhabited building IBD in Table 5604.5.2(2) IBD in Table 5604.5.2(2) Not Applicable Not Applicable Magazine IMD in Table 5604.5.2(2) ILD or IPD in IBD in Table 5604.5.2(2) PTR in Table 5604.5.2(2) Operating building Table 5604.5.2(2) Public traffic route ILD or IPD in ILD or IPD in IBD in Table 5604.5.2(2) PTR in Table 5604.5.2(2) Table 5604.5.2(2) Table 5604.5.2(2) PTR in Table 5604.5.2(2) PTR in Table 5604.5.2(2) Not Applicable Not Applicable For SI: 1 foot = 304.8 mm. a. The minimum separation distance hall be not less than 50 feet. b. Linear interpolation between tabular values in the referenced Q-D table shall be allowed. c. For definitions of quantity-distance abbreviations IBD, ILD, IMD, IPD and PTR, see Chapter 2. TABLE 5601.8.1(3) APPLICATION OF QUANTITY-DISTANCE (Q-D) TABLES—DIVISION 1.4 EXPLOSIVESa, b, c ITEM MAGAZINE OPERATING BUILDING INHABITED BUILDING PUBLIC TRAFFIC ROUTE Inhabited building IBD in Table 5604.5.2(3) IBD in Table 5604.5.2(3) Not Applicable Not Applicable Magazine IMD in Table 5604.5.2(3) ILD or IPD in IBD in Table 5604.5.2(3) PTR in Table 5604.5.2(3) Operating building Table 5604.5.2(3) Public traffic route ILD or IPD in ILD or IPD in IBD in Table 5604.5.2(3) PTR in Table 5604.5.2(3) Table 5604.5.2(3) Table 5604.5.2(3) PTR in Table 5604.5.2(3) PTR in Table 5604.5.2(3) Not Applicable Not Applicable For SI: 1 foot = 304.8 mm. a. The minimum separation distance shall be not less than 50 feet. b. Linear interpolation between tabular values in the referenced Q-D table shall not be allowed. c. For definitions of quantity-distance abbreviations IBD, ILD, IMD, IPD and PTR, see Chapter 2. 5601.8.1.2 Nonmass-detonating explosives (exclud- 5601.8.1.3 Combinations of mass-detonating and ing Division 1.4). Nonmass-detonating explosives nonmass-detonating explosives (excluding Division (excluding Division 1.4) shall be as follows: 1.4). Combination of mass-detonating and nonmass- detonating explosives (excluding Division 1.4) shall be 1. Division 1.3 propellants. The total weight of as follows: the propellants alone shall be the net explosive weight. The net weight of propellant shall be 1. Where Division 1.1 and 1.2 explosives are used. See Table 5604.5.2(2). located in the same site, determine the distance for the total quantity considered first as 1.1 and 2. Combinations of bulk metal powder and pyro- then as 1.2. The required distance is the greater technic compositions. The sum of the net of the two. Where the Division 1.1 require- weights of metal powders and pyrotechnic ments are controlling and the TNT equivalence compositions in the containers shall be the net of the 1.2 is known, the TNT equivalent weight explosive weight. See Table 5604.5.2(2). of the 1.2 items shall be allowed to be added to 2021 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE® 56-3 EDUFIRE.IR Telegram: EDUFIRE.IR

EXPLOSIVES AND FIREWORKS the total explosive weight of Division 1.1 items DETONATION. to determine the net explosive weight for Divi- DETONATOR. sion 1.1 distance determination. See Table DISCHARGE SITE. 5604.5.2(2) or Table 5605.3, as appropriate. DISPLAY SITE. EXPLOSIVE. 2. Where Division 1.1 and 1.3 explosives are located in the same site, determine the High explosive. distances for the total quantity considered first Low explosive. as 1.1 and then as 1.3. The required distance is Mass-detonating explosives. the greater of the two. Where the Division 1.1 UN/DOTn Class 1 explosives. requirements are controlling and the TNT equivalence of the 1.3 is known, the TNT Division 1.1. equivalent weight of the 1.3 items shall be Division 1.2. allowed to be added to the total explosive Division 1.3. weight of Division 1.1 items to determine the Division 1.4. net explosive weight for Division 1.1 distance Division 1.5. determination. See Table 5604.5.2(1), Division 1.6. 5604.5.2(2) or 5605.3, as appropriate. EXPLOSIVE MATERIAL. FALLOUT AREA. 3. Where Division 1.1, 1.2 and 1.3 explosives are FIREWORKS. located in the same site, determine the Fireworks, 1.3G. distances for the total quantity considered first Fireworks, 1.4G. as 1.1, next as 1.2 and finally as 1.3. The FIREWORKS DISPLAY. required distance is the greatest of the three. As HIGHWAY. allowed by Items 1 and 2, TNT equivalent INHABITED BUILDING. weights for 1.2 and 1.3 items are allowed to be MAGAZINE. used to determine the net weight of explosives Indoor. for Division 1.1 distance determination. Table Type 1. 5604.5.2(1) or Table 5605.3 shall be used Type 2. where TNT equivalency is used to establish the Type 3. net explosive weight. Type 4. Type 5. 4. For composite pyrotechnic items Division 1.1 MORTAR. and Division 1.3, the sum of the net weights of NET EXPLOSIVE WEIGHT (net weight). the pyrotechnic composition and the explosives OPERATING BUILDING. involved shall be used. See Tables 5604.5.2(1) OPERATING LINE. and 5604.5.2(2). PLOSOPHORIC MATERIAL. PROXIMATE AUDIENCE. 5601.8.1.4 Moderate fire—no blast hazards (Divi- PUBLIC TRAFFIC ROUTE (PTR). sion 1.4). For Division 1.4 explosives, the total weight PYROTECHNIC ARTICLE. of the explosive material alone is the net weight. The PYROTECHNIC COMPOSITION. net weight of the explosive material shall be used. PYROTECHNIC SPECIAL EFFECT. PYROTECHNIC SPECIAL-EFFECT MATERIAL. SECTION 5602 PYROTECHNICS. DEFINITIONS QUANTITY-DISTANCE (Q-D). Inhabited building distance (IBD). 5602.1 Definitions. The following terms are defined in Intermagazine distance (IMD). Chapter 2: Intraline distance (ILD) or Intraplant distance (IPD). AMMONIUM NITRATE. BARRICADE. Artificial barricade. Natural barricade. BARRICADED. BLAST AREA. BLAST SITE. BLASTER. BLASTING AGENT. BULLET RESISTANT. DETONATING CORD. 56-4 2021 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE® EDUFIRE.IR Telegram: EDUFIRE.IR

EXPLOSIVES AND FIREWORKS RAILWAY. 5604.2 Magazine required. Explosives and explosive mate- rials, and Division 1.3G fireworks shall be stored in READY BOX. magazines constructed, located, operated and maintained in accordance with the provisions of Section 5604 and NFPA SMALL ARMS AMMUNITION. 495 or NFPA 1124. SMALL ARMS PRIMERS. Exceptions: SMOKELESS PROPELLANTS. 1. Storage of fireworks at display sites in accordance with Section 5608.5 and NFPA 1123 or NFPA SPECIAL INDUSTRIAL EXPLOSIVE DEVICE. 1126. THEFT RESISTANT. 2. Portable or mobile magazines not exceeding 120 square feet (11 m2) in area shall not be required to SECTION 5603 comply with the requirements of the International RECORD KEEPING AND REPORTING Building Code. 5603.1 General. Records of the receipt, handling, use or 5604.3 Magazines. The storage of explosives and explosive disposal of explosive materials, and reports of any accidents, materials in magazines shall comply with Table 5604.3. thefts or unauthorized activities involving explosive materi- als shall conform to the requirements of this section. 5604.3.1 High explosives. Explosive materials classified as Division 1.1 or 1.2 or formerly classified as Class A by 5603.2 Transaction record. The permittee shall maintain a the US Department of Transportation shall be stored in record of all transactions involving receipt, removal, use or Type 1, 2 or 3 magazines. disposal of explosive materials. Such records shall be main- tained for a period of 5 years. Exceptions: Exception: Where only Division 1.4G (consumer fire- 1. Black powder shall be stored in a Type 1, 2, 3 works) are handled, records need only be maintained for a or 4 magazine. period of 3 years. 2. Cap-sensitive explosive material that is demon- 5603.3 Loss, theft or unauthorized removal. The loss, strated not to be bullet sensitive shall be stored theft or unauthorized removal of explosive materials from a in a Type 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 magazine. magazine or permitted facility shall be reported to the fire code official, local law enforcement authorities and the US 5604.3.2 Low explosives. Explosive materials that are Department of Treasury, Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Fire- not cap sensitive shall be stored in a Type 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 arms and Explosives within 24 hours. magazine. Exception: Loss of Division 1.4G (consumer fireworks) 5604.3.3 Detonating cord. For quantity and distance need not be reported to the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, purposes, detonating cord of 50 grains per foot shall be Firearms and Explosives. calculated as equivalent to 8 pounds (4 kg) of high explo- sives per 1,000 feet (305 m). Heavier or lighter core loads 5603.4 Accidents. Accidents involving the use of explo- shall be rated proportionally. sives, explosive materials and fireworks that result in injuries or property damage shall be reported to the fire code official 5604.4 Prohibited storage. Detonators shall be stored in a immediately. separate magazine for blasting supplies and shall not be stored in a magazine with other explosive materials. 5603.5 Misfires. The pyrotechnic display operator or blaster in charge shall keep a record of all aerial shells that fail to 5604.5 Location. The use of magazines for storage of explo- fire or charges that fail to detonate. sives and explosive materials shall comply with Sections 5604.5.1 through 5604.5.3.3. 5603.6 Hazard communication. Manufacturers of explo- sive materials and fireworks shall maintain records of 5604.5.1 Indoor magazines. The use of indoor maga- chemicals, chemical compounds and mixtures required by zines for storage of explosives and explosive materials DOL 29 CFR Part 1910.1200 and Section 407. shall comply with the requirements of Sections 5604.5.1.1 through 5604.5.1.7. 5603.7 Safety rules. Current safety rules covering the opera- tion of magazines, as described in Section 5604.7, shall be 5604.5.1.1 Use. The use of indoor magazines for stor- posted on the interior of the magazine in a visible location. age of explosives and explosive materials shall be limited to occupancies of Group F, H, M or S, and SECTION 5604 research and development laboratories. EXPLOSIVE MATERIALS STORAGE AND HANDLING 5604.5.1.2 Construction. Indoor magazines shall comply with the following construction requirements: 5604.1 General. Storage of explosives and explosive materi- als, small arms ammunition, small arms primers, propellant- 1. Construction shall be fire resistant and theft actuated cartridges and smokeless propellants in magazines resistant. shall comply with the provisions of this section. 2. Exterior shall be painted red. 2021 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE® 56-5 EDUFIRE.IR Telegram: EDUFIRE.IR

EXPLOSIVES AND FIREWORKS TABLE 5604.3 STORAGE AMOUNTS AND MAGAZINE REQUIREMENTS FOR EXPLOSIVES, EXPLOSIVE MATERIALS AND FIREWORKS, 1.3G MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE QUANTITY PER CONTROL AREA NEW OLD DOTn ATF/OSHA Unprotected INDOORa (pounds) Sprinklers OUTDOOR MAGAZINE TYPE REQUIRED UN/DOTn CLASS CLASS Cabinet Sprinklers & cabinet (pounds) 12345 DIVISION 0 A High 01 2 1 X X X —— 1.1b 1.2 A High 0 0 1 2 1 X X X — — 1.2 B Low 0 0 1 1 1 X X X X — 1.3 B Low 0 0 5 10 1 X X X X — 1.4 B Low 0 0 50 100 1 X X X X— 1.5 C Low 0 0 1 2 1 X X X X — 1.5 Blasting Agent Blasting Agent 0 0 1 2 1 X X X X X 1.6 Not Applicable Not Applicable 0 0 1 2 1 X X X X X For SI: 1 pound = 0.454 kg, 1 pound per gallon = 0.12 kg per liter, 1 ounce = 28.35 g. a. A factor of 10 pounds per gallon shall be used for converting pounds (solid) to gallons (liquid) in accordance with Section 5003.1.2. b. Black powder shall be stored in a Type 1, 2, 3 or 4 magazine as provided for in Section 5604.3.1. 3. Base shall be fitted with wheels, casters or roll- group of magazines, as described in Section 5604.5.2.2, ers to facilitate removal from the building in an contains different classes of explosive materials, and emergency. Division 1.1 materials are present, the required separa- tions for the magazine or magazine group as a whole shall 4. Lid or door shall be marked with conspicuous comply with Table 5604.5.2(2). white lettering not less than 3 inches (76 mm) high and minimum 1/2 inch (12.7 mm) stroke, 5604.5.2.1 Separation. Where two or more storage reading “EXPLOSIVES—KEEP FIRE magazines are located on the same property, each AWAY.” magazine shall comply with the minimum distances specified from inhabited buildings, public transporta- 5. The least horizontal dimension shall not exceed tion routes and operating buildings. Magazines shall the clear width of the entrance door. be separated from each other by not less than the inter- magazine distances (IMD) shown for the separation of 5604.5.1.3 Quantity limit. Not more than 50 pounds magazines. (23 kg) of explosives or explosive materials shall be stored within an indoor magazine. 5604.5.2.2 Grouped magazines. Where two or more magazines are separated from each other by less than Exception: Day boxes used for the storage of in- the intermagazine distances (IMD), such magazines as process material in accordance with Section a group shall be considered as one magazine and the 5605.6.4.1. total quantity of explosive materials stored in the group shall be treated as if stored in a single magazine. 5604.5.1.4 Prohibited use. Indoor magazines shall not The location of the group of magazines shall comply be used within buildings containing Group R with the intermagazine distances (IMD) specified from occupancies. other magazines or magazine groups, inhabited build- ings (IBD), public transportation routes (PTR) and 5604.5.1.5 Location. Indoor magazines shall be operating buildings (ILD or IPD) as required. located within 10 feet (3048 mm) of an entrance and only on floors at or having ramp access to the exterior 5604.5.3 Special requirements for Type 3 magazines. grade level. Type 3 magazines shall comply with Sections 5604.5.3.1 through 5604.5.3.3. 5604.5.1.6 Number. Not more than two indoor maga- zines shall be located in the same building. Where two 5604.5.3.1 Location. Wherever practicable, Type 3 such magazines are located in the same building, one magazines shall be located away from neighboring magazine shall be used solely for the storage of not inhabited buildings, railways, highways and other more than 5,000 detonators. magazines in accordance with Table 5604.5.2(2) or 5604.5.2(3), as applicable. 5604.5.1.7 Separation distance. Where two maga- zines are located in the same building, they shall be 5604.5.3.2 Supervision. Type 3 magazines shall be separated by a distance of not less than 10 feet (3048 attended when explosive materials are stored within. mm). Explosive materials shall be removed to appropriate storage magazines for unattended storage at the end of 5604.5.2 Outdoor magazines. Outdoor magazines other the workday. than Type 3 shall be located so as to comply with Table 5604.5.2(2) or 5604.5.2(3) as set forth in Tables 5601.8.1(1) through 5601.8.1(3). Where a magazine or 56-6 2021 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE® EDUFIRE.IR Telegram: EDUFIRE.IR

EXPLOSIVES AND FIREWORKS TABLE 5604.5.2(1) AMERICAN TABLE OF DISTANCES FOR STORAGE OF EXPLOSIVES AS APPROVED BY THE INSTITUTE OF MAKERS OF EXPLOSIVES AND REVISED JUNE 1991a DISTANCES IN FEET QUANTITY OF EXPLOSIVE Inhabited buildings Public highways with traffic Public highways with traffic Separation of magazinesd MATERIALSc volume less than 3,000 volume greater than 3,000 vehicles per day vehicles per day and passenger railways Pounds over Pounds not Barricaded Unbarricaded Barricaded Unbarricaded Barricaded Unbarricaded Barricaded Unbarricaded over 0 70 140 30 60 51 102 6 12 5 5 10 90 180 35 70 64 128 8 16 10 20 110 220 45 90 81 162 10 20 20 30 125 250 50 100 93 186 11 22 30 40 140 280 55 110 103 206 12 24 40 50 150 300 60 120 110 220 14 28 50 75 170 340 70 140 127 254 15 30 75 100 190 380 75 150 139 278 16 32 100 125 200 400 80 160 150 300 18 36 125 150 215 430 85 170 159 318 19 38 150 200 235 470 95 190 175 350 21 42 200 250 255 510 105 210 189 378 23 46 250 300 270 540 110 220 201 402 24 48 300 400 295 590 120 240 221 442 27 54 400 500 320 640 130 260 238 476 29 58 500 600 340 680 135 270 253 506 31 62 600 700 355 710 145 290 266 532 32 64 700 800 375 750 150 300 278 556 33 66 800 900 390 780 155 310 289 578 35 70 900 1,000 400 800 160 320 300 600 36 72 1,000 1,200 425 850 165 330 318 636 39 78 1,200 1,400 450 900 170 340 336 672 41 82 1,400 1,600 470 940 175 350 351 702 43 86 1,600 1,800 490 980 180 360 366 732 44 88 1,800 2,000 505 1,010 185 370 378 756 45 90 2,000 2,500 545 1,090 190 380 408 816 49 98 2,500 3,000 580 1,160 195 390 432 864 52 104 3,000 4,000 635 1,270 210 420 474 948 58 116 4,000 5,000 685 1,370 225 450 513 1,026 61 122 5,000 6,000 730 1,460 235 470 546 1,092 65 130 6,000 7,000 770 1,540 245 490 573 1,146 68 136 7,000 8,000 800 1,600 250 500 600 1,200 72 144 8,000 9,000 835 1,670 255 510 624 1,248 75 150 9,000 10,000 865 1,730 260 520 645 1,290 78 156 10,000 12,000 875 1,750 270 540 687 1,374 82 164 12,000 14,000 885 1,770 275 550 723 1,446 87 174 14,000 16,000 900 1,800 280 560 756 1,512 90 180 16,000 18,000 940 1,880 285 570 786 1,572 94 188 (continued) 2021 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE® 56-7 EDUFIRE.IR Telegram: EDUFIRE.IR

EXPLOSIVES AND FIREWORKS TABLE 5604.5.2(1)—continued AMERICAN TABLE OF DISTANCES FOR STORAGE OF EXPLOSIVES AS APPROVED BY THE INSTITUTE OF MAKERS OF EXPLOSIVES AND REVISED JUNE 1991a DISTANCES IN FEET QUANTITY OF EXPLOSIVE Inhabited buildings Public highways with traffic Public highways with traffic Separation of magazinesd MATERIALSc volume less than 3,000 volume greater than 3,000 vehicles per day vehicles per day and passenger railways Pounds over Pounds not Barricaded Unbarricaded Barricaded Unbarricaded Barricaded Unbarricaded Barricaded Unbarricaded over 18,000 20,000 975 1,950 290 580 813 1,626 98 196 20,000 25,000 1,055 2,000 315 630 876 1,752 105 210 25,000 30,000 1,130 2,000 340 680 933 1,866 112 224 30,000 35,000 1,205 2,000 360 720 981 1,962 119 238 35,000 40,000 1,275 2,000 380 760 1,026 2,000 124 248 40,000 45,000 1,340 2,000 400 800 1,068 2,000 129 258 45,000 50,000 1,400 2,000 420 840 1,104 2,000 135 270 50,000 55,000 1,460 2,000 440 880 1,140 2,000 140 280 55,000 60,000 1,515 2,000 455 910 1,173 2,000 145 290 60,000 65,000 1,565 2,000 470 940 1,206 2,000 150 300 65,000 70,000 1,610 2,000 485 970 1,236 2,000 155 310 70,000 75,000 1,655 2,000 500 1,000 1,263 2,000 160 320 75,000 80,000 1,695 2,000 510 1,020 1,293 2,000 165 330 80,000 85,000 1,730 2,000 520 1,040 1,317 2,000 170 340 85,000 90,000 1,760 2,000 530 1,060 1,344 2,000 175 350 90,000 95,000 1,790 2,000 540 1,080 1,368 2,000 180 360 95,000 100,000 1,815 2,000 545 1,090 1,392 2,000 185 370 100,000 110,000 1,835 2,000 550 1,100 1,437 2,000 195 390 110,000 120,000 1,855 2,000 555 1,110 1,479 2,000 205 410 120,000 130,000 1,875 2,000 560 1,120 1,521 2,000 215 430 130,000 140,000 1,890 2,000 565 1,130 1,557 2,000 225 450 140,000 150,000 1,900 2,000 570 1,140 1,593 2,000 235 470 150,000 160,000 1,935 2,000 580 1,160 1,629 2,000 245 490 160,000 170,000 1,965 2,000 590 1,180 1,662 2,000 255 510 170,000 180,000 1,990 2,000 600 1,200 1,695 2,000 265 530 180,000 190,000 2,010 2,010 605 1,210 1,725 2,000 275 550 190,000 200,000 2,030 2,030 610 1,220 1,755 2,000 285 570 200,000 210,000 2,055 2,055 620 1,240 1,782 2,000 295 590 210,000 230,000 2,100 2,100 635 1,270 1,836 2,000 315 630 230,000 250,000 2,155 2,155 650 1,300 1,890 2,000 335 670 250,000 275,000 2,215 2,215 670 1,340 1,950 2,000 360 720 275,000 300,000b 2,275 2,275 690 1,380 2,000 2,000 385 770 For SI: 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 pound = 0.454 kg. a. This table applies only to the manufacture and permanent storage of commercial explosive materials. It is not applicable to transportation of explosives or any handling or temporary storage necessary or incident thereto. It is not intended to apply to bombs, projectiles or other heavily encased explosives. b. Storage in excess of 300,000 pounds of explosive materials in one magazine is not allowed. c. Where a manufacturing building on an explosive materials plant site is designed to contain explosive materials, such building shall be located with respect to its proximity to inhabited buildings, public highways and passenger railways based on the maximum quantity of explosive materials permitted to be in the building at one time. d. Where two or more storage magazines are located on the same property, each magazine shall comply with the minimum distances specified from inhabited buildings, railways and highways, and, in addition, they should be separated from each other by not less than the distances shown for separation of maga- zines, except that the quantity of explosives in detonator magazines shall govern in regard to the spacing of said detonator magazines from magazines containing other explosive materials. Where any two or more magazines are separated from each other by less than the specified separation of magazines distances, then two or more such magazines, as a group, shall be considered as one magazine, and the total quantity of explosive materials stored in such group shall be treated as if stored in a single magazine located on the site of any magazine in the group and shall comply with the minimum distances spec- ified from other magazines, inhabited buildings, railways and highways. 56-8 2021 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE® EDUFIRE.IR Telegram: EDUFIRE.IR

EXPLOSIVES AND FIREWORKS TABLE 5604.5.2(2) TABLE OF DISTANCES (Q-D) FOR BUILDINGS AND MAGAZINES CONTAINING EXPLOSIVES—DIVISION 1.3 MASS-FIRE HAZARDa, b, c QUANTITY OF DIVISION 1.3 EXPLOSIVES DISTANCES IN FEET (NET EXPLOSIVES WEIGHT) Pounds Over Pounds Not Over Inhabited Building Distance to Public Intermagazine Distance Intraline Distance (ILD) Distance (IBD) Traffic Route (PTR) (IMD) or Intraplant Distance (IPD) 0 1,000 75 75 50 50 1,000 5,000 115 115 75 75 5,000 10,000 150 150 100 100 10,000 20,000 190 190 125 125 20,000 30,000 215 215 145 145 30,000 40,000 235 235 155 155 40,000 50,000 250 250 165 165 50,000 60,000 260 260 175 175 60,000 70,000 270 270 185 185 70,000 80,000 280 280 190 190 80,000 90,000 295 295 195 195 90,000 100,000 300 300 200 200 100,000 200,000 375 375 250 250 200,000 300,000 450 450 300 300 For SI: 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 pound = 0.454 kg. a. Black powder, where stored in magazines, is defined as low explosive by the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (BATF). b. For quantities less than 1,000 pounds, the required distances are those specified for 1,000 pounds. The use of lesser distances is allowed where supported by approved test data or analysis. c. Linear interpolation of explosive quantities between table entries is allowed. TABLE 5604.5.2(3) TABLE OF DISTANCES (Q-D) FOR BUILDINGS AND MAGAZINES CONTAINING EXPLOSIVES—DIVISION 1.4c QUANTITY OF DIVISION 1.4 EXPLOSIVES DISTANCES IN FEET (NET EXPLOSIVES WEIGHT) Pounds Over Pounds Not Over Inhabited Building Distance to Public Intermagazine Intraline Distance (ILD) Distance (IBD) Traffic Route (PTR) Distancea, b (IMD) or Intraplant Distancea 50 Not Limited 100 100 50 (IPD) 50 For SI: 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 pound = 0.454 kg. a. A separation distance of 100 feet is required for buildings of other than Type I or Type II construction as defined in the International Building Code. b. For earth-covered magazines, specific separation is not required. 1. Earth cover material used for magazines shall be relatively cohesive. Solid or wet clay and similar types of soil are too cohesive and shall not be used. Soil shall be free from unsanitary organic matter, trash, debris and stones heavier than 10 pounds or larger than 6 inches in diameter. Compac- tion and surface preparation shall be provided, as necessary, to maintain structural integrity and avoid erosion. Where cohesive material cannot be used, as in sandy soil, the earth cover over magazines shall be finished with a suitable material to ensure structural integrity. 2. The earth fill or earth cover between earth-covered magazines shall be either solid or sloped, in accordance with the requirements of other construc- tion features, but not less than 2 feet of earth cover shall be maintained over the top of each magazines. To reduce erosion and facilitate maintenance operations, the cover shall have a slope of 1 unit vertical to 2 units horizontal (50-percent slope). c. Restricted to articles, including articles packaged for shipment, that are not regulated as an explosive under Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives regulations, or unpacked articles used in process operations that do not propagate a detonation or deflagration between articles. 5604.5.3.3 Use. Not more than two Type 3 magazines 5604.6.1 Drainage. The ground around a magazine shall shall be located at the same blasting site. Where two be graded so that water drains away from the magazine. Type 3 magazines are located at the same blasting site, one magazine shall used solely for the storage of 5604.6.2 Heating. Magazines requiring heat shall be detonators. heated as prescribed in NFPA 495 by either hot water radiant heating within the magazine or by indirect warm 5604.6 Construction. Magazines shall be constructed in air heating. accordance with Sections 5604.6.1 through 5604.6.5.2. 2021 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE® 56-9 EDUFIRE.IR Telegram: EDUFIRE.IR

EXPLOSIVES AND FIREWORKS 5604.6.3 Lighting. Where lighting is necessary within a 5604.7.5.1 Storage of opened packages. Packages of magazine, electric safety flashlights or electric safety explosive materials that have been opened shall be lanterns shall be used, except as provided in NFPA 495. closed before being placed in a magazine. 5604.6.4 Nonsparking materials. In other than Type 5 5604.7.5.2 Nonsparking tools. Tools used for the magazines, there shall not be exposed ferrous metal on opening and closing of packages of explosive materi- the interior of a magazine containing packages of als, other than metal slitters for opening paper, plastic explosives. or fiberboard containers, shall be made of nonsparking materials. 5604.6.5 Signs and placards. Property on which Type 1 magazines and outdoor magazines of Types 2, 4 and 5 are 5604.7.5.3 Disposal of packaging. Empty containers located shall be posted with signs stating: “NO SMOK- and paper and fiber packaging materials that previ- ING” and “EXPLOSIVES—KEEP OFF.” These signs ously contained explosive materials shall be disposed shall be of contrasting colors with a minimum letter of or reused in an approved manner. height of 3 inches (76 mm) with a minimum brush stroke of 1/2 inch (12.7 mm). The signs shall be located to mini- 5604.7.6 Tools and equipment. Metal tools, other than mize the possibility of a bullet shot at the sign hitting the nonferrous transfer conveyors and ferrous metal conveyor magazine. stands protected by a coat of paint, shall not be stored in a magazine containing explosive materials or detonators. 5604.6.5.1 Access road signs. At the entrance to explosive material manufacturing and storage sites, all 5604.7.7 Contents. Magazines shall be used exclusively access roads shall be posted with the following warn- for the storage of explosive materials, blasting materials ing sign or other approved sign: and blasting accessories. DANGER! 5604.7.8 Compatibility. Corresponding grades and brands of explosive materials shall be stored together and NEVER FIGHT EXPLOSIVE FIRES. in such a manner that the grade and brand marks are visi- EXPLOSIVES ARE STORED ON THIS SITE ble. Stocks shall be stored so as to be easily counted and checked. Packages of explosive materials shall be stacked CALL _______ in a stable manner not exceeding 8 feet (2438 mm) in height. The sign shall be weather resistant with a reflective surface and have lettering not less than 2 inches (51 5604.7.9 Stock rotation. When explosive material is mm) high. removed from a magazine for use, the oldest usable stocks shall be removed first. 5604.6.5.2 Placards. Type 5 magazines containing Division 1.5 blasting agents shall be prominently plac- 5604.8 Maintenance. Maintenance of magazines shall arded as required during transportation by DOTn 49 comply with Sections 5604.8.1 through 5604.8.3. CFR Part 172 and DOTy 27 CFR Part 555. 5604.8.1 Housekeeping. Magazine floors shall be regu- 5604.7 Operation. Magazines shall be operated in accor- larly swept and be kept clean, dry and free of grit, paper, dance with Sections 5604.7.1 through 5604.7.9. empty packages and rubbish. Brooms and other cleaning utensils shall not have any spark-producing metal parts. 5604.7.1 Security. Magazines shall be kept locked in the Sweepings from magazine floors shall be disposed of in manner prescribed in NFPA 495 at all times except accordance with the manufacturer’s approved during placement or removal of explosives or inspection. instructions. 5604.7.2 Open flames and lights. Smoking, matches, 5604.8.2 Repairs. Explosive materials shall be removed flame-producing devices, open flames, firearms and fire- from the magazine before making repairs to the interior of arms cartridges shall not be allowed inside of or within 50 a magazine. Explosive materials shall be removed from feet (15 240 mm) of magazines. the magazine before making repairs to the exterior of the magazine where there is a possibility of causing a fire. 5604.7.3 Brush. The area located around a magazine Explosive materials removed from a magazine under shall be kept clear of brush, dried grass, leaves, trash, repair shall either be placed in another magazine or debris and similar combustible materials for a distance of placed a safe distance from the magazine, where they 25 feet (7620 mm). shall be properly guarded and protected until repairs have been completed. Upon completion of repairs, the explo- 5604.7.4 Combustible storage. Combustible materials sive materials shall be promptly returned to the magazine. shall not be stored within 50 feet (15 240 mm) of Floors shall be cleaned before and after repairs. magazines. 5604.8.3 Floors. Magazine floors stained with liquid 5604.7.5 Unpacking and repacking explosive materi- shall be dealt with in accordance with instructions als. Containers of explosive materials, except fiberboard obtained from the manufacturer of the explosive material containers, and packages of damaged or deteriorated stored in the magazine. explosive materials or fireworks shall not be unpacked or repacked inside or within 50 feet (15 240 mm) of a maga- zine or in close proximity to other explosive materials. 56-10 2021 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE® EDUFIRE.IR Telegram: EDUFIRE.IR

EXPLOSIVES AND FIREWORKS 5604.9 Inspection. Magazines containing explosive materi- comply with the requirements of this section and NFPA 495 als shall be opened and inspected at maximum seven-day or NFPA 1124. intervals. The inspection shall determine whether there has been an unauthorized or attempted entry into a magazine or Exceptions: an unauthorized removal of a magazine or its contents. 1. The hand loading of small arms ammunition 5604.10 Disposal of explosive materials. Explosive materi- prepared for personal use and not offered for als shall be disposed of in accordance with Sections resale. 5604.10.1 through 5604.10.7. 2. The mixing and loading of blasting agents at blast- 5604.10.1 Notification. The fire code official shall be ing sites in accordance with NFPA 495. notified immediately where deteriorated or leaking explo- sive materials are determined to be dangerous or unstable 3. The use of binary explosives or plosophoric mate- and in need of disposal. rials in blasting or pyrotechnic special effects applications in accordance with NFPA 495 or 5604.10.2 Deteriorated materials. Where an explosive NFPA 1126. material has deteriorated to an extent that it is in an unsta- ble or dangerous condition, or when a liquid has leaked 5605.2 Emergency planning and preparedness. Emer- from an explosive material, the person in possession of gency plans, emergency drills, employee training and hazard such material shall immediately contact the material’s communication shall conform to the provisions of this manufacturer to obtain disposal and handling instructions. section and Sections 404, 405, 406 and 407. 5604.10.3 Qualified person. The work of destroying 5605.2.1 Hazardous Materials Management Plans and explosive materials shall be directed by persons experi- Inventory Statements required. Detailed Hazardous enced in the destruction of explosive materials. Materials Management Plans (HMMP) and Hazardous Materials Inventory Statements (HMIS) complying with 5604.10.4 Storage of misfires. Explosive materials and the requirements of Section 407 shall be prepared and fireworks recovered from blasting or display misfires submitted to the local emergency planning committee, the shall be placed in a magazine until an experienced person fire code official and the local fire department. has determined the proper method for disposal. 5605.2.2 Maintenance of plans. A copy of the required 5604.10.5 Disposal sites. Sites for the destruction of HMMP and HMIS shall be maintained on site and explosive materials and fireworks shall be approved and furnished to the fire code official on request. located at the maximum practicable safe distance from inhabited buildings, public highways, operating buildings 5605.2.3 Employee training. Workers who handle explo- and all other exposures to ensure keeping air blast and sives or explosive charges or dispose of explosives shall ground vibration to a minimum. The location of disposal be trained in the hazards of the materials and processes in sites shall not be closer to magazines, inhabited buildings, which they are to be engaged and with the safety rules railways, highways and other rights-of-way than is governing such materials and processes. allowed by Tables 5604.5.2(1), 5604.5.2(2) and 5604.5.2(3). Where possible, barricades shall be utilized 5605.2.4 Emergency procedures. Approved emergency between the destruction site and inhabited buildings. procedures shall be formulated for each plant and shall Areas where explosives are detonated or burned shall be include personal instruction in any anticipated emer- posted with adequate warning signs. gency. Personnel shall be made aware of an emergency warning signal. 5604.10.6 Reuse of site. Unless an approved burning site has been thoroughly saturated with water and has passed 5605.3 Intraplant separation of operating buildings. a safety inspection, 48 hours shall elapse between the Explosives manufacturing buildings and fireworks manufac- completion of a burn and the placement of scrap explosive turing buildings, including those where explosive charges are materials for a subsequent burn. assembled, manufactured, prepared or loaded utilizing Divi- sion 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4 or 1.5 explosives, shall be separated 5604.10.7 Personnel safeguards. Once an explosive burn from all other buildings, including magazines, within the operation has been started, personnel shall relocate to a confines of the manufacturing plant, at a distance not less safe location where adequate protection from air blast and than those shown in Table 5604.5.2(3) or Table 5605.3, as flying debris is provided. Personnel shall not return to the appropriate. burn area until the person in charge has inspected the burn site and determined that it is safe for personnel to return. The quantity of explosives in an operating building shall be the net weight of all explosives contained therein. SECTION 5605 Distances shall be based on the hazard division requiring the MANUFACTURE, ASSEMBLY AND greatest separation, unless the aggregate explosive weight is TESTING OF EXPLOSIVES, EXPLOSIVE divided by approved walls or shields designed for that purpose. Where dividing a quantity of explosives into MATERIALS AND FIREWORKS smaller stacks, a suitable barrier or adequate separation distance shall be provided to prevent propagation from one 5605.1 General. The manufacture, assembly and testing of stack to another. explosives, ammunition, blasting agents and fireworks shall Where distance is used as the sole means of separation within a building, such distance shall be established by test- 2021 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE® 56-11 EDUFIRE.IR Telegram: EDUFIRE.IR

EXPLOSIVES AND FIREWORKS ing. Testing shall demonstrate that propagation between TABLE 5605.3—continued stacks will not result. Barriers provided to protect against MINIMUM INTRALINE (INTRAPLANT) SEPARATION DISTANCES explosive effects shall be designed and installed in accor- (ILD OR IPD) BETWEEN BARRICADED OPERATING BUILDINGS dance with approved standards. CONTAINING EXPLOSIVES—DIVISION 1.1, 1.2 OR 1.5 Exception: Fireworks manufacturing buildings sepa- MASS-EXPLOSION HAZARDa rated in accordance with NFPA 1124. NET EXPLOSIVE WEIGHT TABLE 5605.3 Pounds Over Pounds Not Over Intraline Distance (ILD) MINIMUM INTRALINE (INTRAPLANT) SEPARATION DISTANCES or Intraplant Distance (ILD OR IPD) BETWEEN BARRICADED OPERATING BUILDINGS 70,000 75,000 (IPD) CONTAINING EXPLOSIVES—DIVISION 1.1, 1.2 OR 1.5 MASS-EXPLOSION HAZARDa (feet) 385 75,000 80,000 390 NET EXPLOSIVE WEIGHT 80,000 85,000 395 Intraline Distance (ILD) 85,000 90,000 400 or Intraplant Distance Pounds Over Pounds Not Over 90,000 95,000 410 (IPD) 95,000 100,000 415 (feet) 0 50 30 100,000 125,000 450 50 100 40 125,000 150,000 475 100 200 50 150,000 175,000 500 200 300 60 175,000 200,000 525 300 400 65 200,000 225,000 550 400 500 70 225,000 250,000 575 500 600 75 250,000 275,000 600 600 700 80 275,000 300,000 635 700 800 85 For SI: 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 pound = 0.454 kg. 800 900 90 a. Where a building or magazine containing explosives is not barricaded, the intraline distances shown in this table shall be doubled. 900 1,000 95 1,000 1,500 105 1,500 2,000 115 5605.4 Separation of manufacturing operating buildings from inhabited buildings, public traffic routes and maga- 2,000 3,000 130 zines. Where an operating building on an explosive materials plant site is designed to contain explosive materi- 3,000 4,000 140 als, such a building shall be located away from inhabited buildings, public traffic routes and magazines in accordance 4,000 5,000 150 with Table 5604.5.2(2) or 5604.5.2(3) as appropriate, based on the maximum quantity of explosive materials permitted to 5,000 6,000 160 be in the building at one time (see Section 5601.8). 6,000 7,000 170 Exception: Fireworks manufacturing buildings constructed and operated in accordance with NFPA 1124. 7,000 8,000 180 5605.4.1 Determination of net explosive weight for 8,000 9,000 190 operating buildings. In addition to the requirements of Section 5601.8 to determine the net explosive weight for 9,000 10,000 200 materials stored or used in operating buildings, quantities of explosive materials stored in magazines located at 10,000 15,000 225 distances less than intraline distances from the operating building shall be added to the contents of the operating 15,000 20,000 245 building to determine the net explosive weight for the operating building. 20,000 25,000 265 5605.4.1.1 Indoor magazines. The storage of explo- 25,000 30,000 280 sive materials located in indoor magazines in operating buildings shall be limited to a net explosive 30,000 35,000 295 weight not to exceed 50 pounds (23 kg). 35,000 40,000 310 5605.4.1.2 Outdoor magazines with a net explosive weight less than 50 pounds. The storage of explosive 40,000 45,000 320 materials in outdoor magazines located at less than intraline distances from operating buildings shall be 45,000 50,000 330 50,000 55,000 340 55,000 60,000 350 60,000 65,000 360 65,000 70,000 370 (continued) 56-12 2021 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE® EDUFIRE.IR Telegram: EDUFIRE.IR

limited to a net explosive weight not to exceed 50 EXPLOSIVES AND FIREWORKS pounds (23 kg). 5605.6.1 Isolation of operations. Where the type of 5605.4.1.3 Outdoor magazines with a net explosive material and processing warrants, mechanical operations weight greater than 50 pounds. The storage of explo- involving explosives in excess of 1 pound (0.454 kg) shall sive materials in outdoor magazines in quantities be carried on at isolated stations or at intraplant distances, exceeding 50 pounds (23 kg) net explosive weight and machinery shall be controlled from remote locations shall be limited to storage in outdoor magazines behind barricades or at separations so that workers will located not less than intraline distances from the oper- be at a safe distance while machinery is operating. ating building in accordance with Section 5604.5.2. 5605.6.2 Static controls. The work area where the 5605.4.1.4 Net explosive weight of materials stored screening, grinding, blending and other processing of in combination indoor and outdoor magazines. The static-sensitive explosives or pyrotechnic materials is aggregate quantity of explosive materials stored in any done shall be provided with approved static controls. combination of indoor magazines or outdoor maga- zines located at less than the intraline distances from 5605.6.3 Approved containers. Bulk explosives shall be an operating building shall not exceed 50 pounds (23 kept in approved, nonsparking containers when not being kg). used or processed. Explosives shall not be stored or trans- ported in open containers. 5605.5 Buildings and equipment. Buildings or rooms that exceed the maximum allowable quantity per control area of 5605.6.4 Quantity limits. The quantity of explosives at explosive materials shall be operated in accordance with this any particular work station shall be limited to that posted section and constructed in accordance with the requirements on the load limit signs for the individual work station. The of the International Building Code for Group H occupancies. total quantity of explosives for multiple work stations shall not exceed that established by the intraplant Exception: Fireworks manufacturing buildings distances in Table 5604.5.2(3) or Table 5605.3, as constructed and operated in accordance with NFPA 1124. appropriate. 5605.5.1 Explosives dust. Explosives dust shall not be 5605.6.4.1 Magazines. Magazines used for storage in exhausted to the atmosphere. processing areas shall be in accordance with the requirements of Section 5604.5.1. Explosive materials 5605.5.1.1 Wet collector. When collecting explosives shall be removed to appropriate storage magazines for dust, a wet collector system shall be used. Wetting unattended storage at the end of the workday. The agents shall be compatible with the explosives. Collec- contents of indoor magazines shall be added to the tor systems shall be interlocked with process power quantity of explosives contained at individual work supplies so that the process cannot continue without stations and the total quantity of material stored, the collector systems operating. processed or used shall be utilized to establish the intraplant separation distances indicated by Table 5605.5.1.2 Waste disposal and maintenance. Explo- 5604.5.2(3) or Table 5605.3, as appropriate. sives dust shall be removed from the collection chamber as often as necessary to prevent overloading. 5605.6.5 Waste disposal. Approved receptacles with The entire system shall be cleaned at a frequency that covers shall be provided for each location for disposing of will eliminate hazardous concentrations of explosives waste material and debris. These waste receptacles shall dust in pipes, tubing and ducts. be emptied and cleaned as often as necessary but not less than once each day or at the end of each shift. 5605.5.2 Exhaust fans. Squirrel cage blowers shall not be used for exhausting hazardous fumes, vapors or gases. 5605.6.6 Safety rules. General safety rules and operating Only nonferrous fan blades shall be used for fans located instructions governing the particular operation or process within the ductwork and through which hazardous materi- conducted at that location shall be available at each als are exhausted. Motors shall be located outside the location. duct. 5605.6.7 Personnel limits. The number of occupants in 5605.5.3 Work stations. Work stations shall be separated each process building and in each magazine shall not by distance, barrier or other approved alternatives so that exceed the number necessary for proper conduct of fire in one station will not ignite material in another work production operations. station. Where necessary, the operator shall be protected by a personnel shield located between the operator and 5605.6.8 Pyrotechnic and explosive composition quan- the explosive device or explosive material being tity limits. Not more than 500 pounds (227 kg) of processed. This shield and its support shall be capable of pyrotechnic or explosive composition, including not more withstanding a blast from the maximum amount of explo- than 10 pounds (5 kg) of salute powder shall be allowed sives allowed behind it. at one time in any process building or area. Compositions not in current use shall be kept in covered nonferrous 5605.6 Operations. Operations involving explosives shall containers. comply with Sections 5605.6.1 through 5605.6.10. Exception: Composition that has been loaded or pressed into tubes or other containers as consumer fireworks. 2021 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE® 56-13 EDUFIRE.IR Telegram: EDUFIRE.IR

EXPLOSIVES AND FIREWORKS 5605.6.9 Posting limits. The maximum number of occu- 5606.3.2 Damaged packages. Damaged containers shall pants and maximum weight of pyrotechnic and explosive not be repackaged. composition permitted in each process building shall be posted in a conspicuous location in each process building Exception: Approved repackaging of damaged or magazine. containers of smokeless propellant into containers of the same type and size as the original container. 5605.6.10 Heat sources. Fireworks, explosives or explo- sive charges in explosive materials manufacturing, 5606.4 Storage in Group R occupancies. The storage of assembly or testing shall not be stored near any source of small arms ammunition components in Group R occupancies heat. shall comply with Sections 5606.4.1 through 5606.4.3. Exception: Approved drying or curing operations. 5606.4.1 Black powder. Black powder for personal use in quantities not exceeding 20 pounds (9 kg) shall be 5605.7 Maintenance. Maintenance and repair of explosives- stored in original containers in occupancies limited to manufacturing facilities and areas shall comply with Section Group R-3. Quantities exceeding 20 pounds (9 kg) shall 5604.8. not be stored in any Group R occupancy. 5605.8 Explosive materials testing sites. Detonation of 5606.4.2 Smokeless propellants. Smokeless propellants explosive materials or ignition of fireworks for testing for personal use in quantities not exceeding 20 pounds (9 purposes shall be done only in isolated areas at sites where kg) shall be stored in original containers in occupancies distance, protection from missiles, shrapnel or flyrock, and limited to Group R-3. Smokeless propellants in quantities other safeguards provides protection against injury to exceeding 20 pounds (9 kg) but not exceeding 50 pounds personnel or damage to property. (23 kg) and kept in a wooden box or cabinet having walls of not less than 1 inch (25 mm) nominal thickness shall be 5605.8.1 Protective clothing and equipment. Protective allowed to be stored in occupancies limited to Group R-3. clothing and equipment shall be provided to protect Quantities exceeding these amounts shall not be stored in persons engaged in the testing, ignition or detonation of any Group R occupancy. explosive materials. 5606.4.3 Small arms primers. Not more than 10,000 5605.8.2 Site security. Where tests are being conducted small arms primers shall be stored in occupancies limited or explosives are being detonated, only authorized to Group R-3. persons shall be present. Areas where explosives are regu- larly or frequently detonated or burned shall be approved 5606.5 Display and storage in Group M occupancies. The and posted with adequate warning signs. Warning devices display and storage of small arms ammunition components shall be activated before burning or detonating explosives in Group M occupancies shall comply with Sections to alert persons approaching from any direction that they 5606.5.1 through 5606.5.2.3. are approaching a danger zone. 5606.5.1 Display. Display of small arms ammunition 5605.9 Waste disposal. Disposal of explosive materials components in Group M occupancies shall comply with waste from manufacturing, assembly or testing operations Sections 5606.5.1.1 through 5606.5.1.3. shall be in accordance with Section 5604.10. 5606.5.1.1 Smokeless propellant. Not more than 20 SECTION 5606 pounds (9 kg) of smokeless propellants, in containers SMALL ARMS AMMUNITION AND SMALL ARMS of 1 pound (0.454 kg) or less capacity each, shall be displayed in Group M occupancies. AMMUNITION COMPONENTS 5606.5.1.2 Black powder. Not more than 1 pound 5606.1 General. Indoor storage and display of black (0.454 kg) of black powder shall be displayed in powder, smokeless propellants, small arms primers, small Group M occupancies. arms ammunition and commercial reloading shall comply with this section and NFPA 495. 5606.5.1.3 Small arms primers. Not more than 10,000 small arms primers shall be displayed in Group 5606.2 Prohibited storage. Small arms ammunition shall M occupancies. not be stored together with Division 1.1, Division 1.2 or Division 1.3 explosives unless the storage facility is suitable 5606.5.2 Storage. Storage of small arms ammunition for the storage of explosive materials. components shall comply with Sections 5606.5.2.1 through 5606.5.2.3. 5606.3 Packages. Smokeless propellants shall be stored in approved shipping containers conforming to DOTn 49 CFR 5606.5.2.1 Smokeless propellant. Commercial stocks Part 173. of smokeless propellants shall be stored as follows: 5606.3.1 Repackaging. The bulk repackaging of smoke- 1. Quantities exceeding 20 pounds (9 kg), but not less propellants, black powder and small arms primers exceeding 100 pounds (45 kg) shall be stored shall not be performed in retail establishments. in portable wooden boxes having walls of not less than 1 inch (25 mm) nominal thickness. 56-14 2021 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE® EDUFIRE.IR Telegram: EDUFIRE.IR

2. Quantities exceeding 100 pounds (45 kg), but EXPLOSIVES AND FIREWORKS not exceeding 800 pounds (363 kg), shall be stored in nonportable storage cabinets having outdoor magazines. Quantities greater than 50 pounds walls not less than 1 inch (25 mm) nominal (23 kg) shall be stored in outdoor Type 2 or 4 maga- thickness. Not more than 400 pounds (182 kg) zines. Where black powder and smokeless propellants shall be stored in any one cabinet, and cabinets are stored together in the same magazine, the total shall be separated by a distance of not less than quantity shall not exceed that permitted for black 25 feet (7620 mm) or by a fire partition having powder. a fire-resistance rating of not less than 1 hour. 5606.5.2.3 Small arms primers. Commercial stocks 3. Storage of quantities exceeding 800 pounds of small arms primers shall be stored as follows: (363 kg), but not exceeding 5,000 pounds (2270 kg) in a building shall comply with all of 1. Quantities not to exceed 750,000 small arms the following: primers stored in a building shall be arranged such that not more than 100,000 small arms 3.1. The warehouse or storage room is not primers are stored in any one pile and piles are open to unauthorized personnel. not less than 15 feet (4572 mm) apart. 3.2. Smokeless propellant shall be stored in 2. Quantities exceeding 750,000 small arms prim- nonportable storage cabinets having ers stored in a building shall comply with all of wood walls not less than 1 inch (25 the following: mm) nominal thickness and having shelves with not more than 3 feet (914 2.1. The warehouse or storage building is mm) of separation between shelves. not open to unauthorized personnel. 3.3. Not more than 400 pounds (182 kg) is 2.2. Small arms primers shall be stored in stored in any one cabinet. cabinets. Not more than 200,000 small arms primers shall be stored in any one 3.4. Cabinets shall be located against walls cabinet. of the storage room or warehouse with not less than 40 feet (12 192 mm) 2.3. Shelves in cabinets shall have vertical between cabinets. separation of not less than 2 feet (610 mm). 3.5. The minimum required separation between cabinets shall be 20 feet (6096 2.4. Cabinets shall be located against walls mm) provided that barricades twice the of the warehouse or storage room with height of the cabinets are attached to not less than 40 feet (12 192 mm) the wall, midway between each cabinet. between cabinets. The minimum The barricades must extend not less required separation between cabinets than 10 feet (3048 mm) outward, be shall be allowed to be reduced to 20 firmly attached to the wall and be feet (6096 mm) provided that barri- constructed of steel not less than 1/4 inch cades twice the height of the cabinets thick (6.4 mm), 2-inch (51 mm) nomi- are attached to the wall, midway nal thickness wood, brick or concrete between each cabinet. The barricades block. shall be firmly attached to the wall and shall be constructed of steel not less 3.6. Smokeless propellant shall be separated than 1/4 inch thick (6.4 mm), 2-inch (51 from materials classified as combustible mm) nominal thickness wood, brick or liquids, flammable liquids, flammable concrete block. solids or oxidizing materials by a distance of 25 feet (7620 mm) or by a 2.5. Small arms primers shall be separated fire partition having a fire-resistance from materials classified as combustible rating of 1 hour. liquids, flammable liquids, flammable solids or oxidizing materials by a 3.7. The building shall be equipped distance of 25 feet (7620 mm) by a fire throughout with an automatic sprinkler partition having a fire-resistance rating system installed in accordance with of 1 hour. Section 903.3.1.1. 2.6. The building shall be protected 4. Smokeless propellants not stored in accordance throughout with an automatic sprinkler with Item 1, 2, or 3 shall be stored in a Type 2 system installed in accordance with or 4 magazine in accordance with Section 5604 Section 903.3.1.1. and NFPA 495. 3. Small arms primers not stored in accordance 5606.5.2.2 Black powder. Commercial stocks of with Item 1 or 2 of this section shall be stored black powder in quantities less than 50 pounds (23 kg) in a magazine meeting the requirements of shall be allowed to be stored in Type 2 or 4 indoor or Section 5604 and NFPA 495. 2021 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE® 56-15 EDUFIRE.IR Telegram: EDUFIRE.IR

EXPLOSIVES AND FIREWORKS 5606.6 Commercial reloading. Commercial reloading of 5607.5 Utility notification. Where blasting is being small arms ammunition shall comply with Sections 5606.6.1 conducted in the vicinity of utility lines or rights-of-way, the through 5606.6.8. blaster shall notify the appropriate representatives of the util- ities not less than 24 hours in advance of blasting, specifying 5606.6.1 Electrical. Areas within 3 feet (914 mm) of the location and intended time of such blasting. Verbal reloading equipment shall be Class I, Division 2, Group A notices shall be confirmed with written notice. type. Exception: In an emergency situation, the time limit shall 5606.6.2 Exhaust fans. Squirrel cage blowers shall not not apply where approved. be used for exhausting hazardous fumes, vapors or gases. Only nonferrous fan blades shall be used for fans located 5607.6 Electric detonator precautions. Precautions shall within the ductwork and through which hazardous materi- be taken to prevent accidental discharge of electric detona- als are exhausted. Motors shall be located outside the tors from currents induced by radar and radio transmitters, duct. lightning, adjacent power lines, dust and snowstorms, or other sources of extraneous electricity. 5606.6.3 Work stations. Work stations shall be separated by distance, barrier or other approved alternatives so that 5607.7 Nonelectric detonator precautions. Precautions fire in one station will not ignite material in another work shall be taken to prevent accidental initiation of nonelectric station. detonators from stray currents induced by lightning or static electricity. 5606.6.4 Personnel limits. The number of occupants in each process building and in each magazine shall not 5607.8 Blasting area security. During the time that holes exceed the number necessary for proper conduct of are being loaded or are loaded with explosive materials, production operations. blasting agents or detonators, only authorized persons engaged in drilling and loading operations or otherwise 5606.6.5 Approved containers. Smokeless powder shall authorized to enter the site shall be allowed at the blast site. be kept in its original container. The blast site shall be guarded or barricaded and posted. Blast site security shall be maintained until after the post- 5606.6.6 Static controls. The work area shall be provided blast inspection has been completed. with approved static controls. 5607.9 Drill holes. Holes drilled for the loading of explosive 5606.6.7 Waste disposal. Approved receptacles with charges shall be made and loaded in accordance with NFPA covers shall be provided for each location for disposing of 495. waste material and debris. These waste receptacles shall be emptied and cleaned as often as necessary but not less 5607.10 Removal of excess explosive materials. After than once each day or at the end of each shift. loading for a blast is completed and before firing, excess explosive materials shall be removed from the area and 5606.6.8 Safety rules. General safety rules and operating returned to the proper storage facilities. instructions governing the particular operation or process conducted at that location shall be available at each 5607.11 Initiation means. The initiation of blasts shall be location. by means conforming to the provisions of NFPA 495. SECTION 5607 5607.12 Connections. The blaster shall supervise the BLASTING connecting of the blastholes and the connection of the load- line to the power source or initiation point. Connections shall 5607.1 General. Blasting operations shall be conducted only be made progressively from the blasthole back to the initia- by approved, competent operators familiar with the required tion point. safety precautions and the hazards involved and in accor- dance with the provisions of NFPA 495. Blasting lead lines shall remain shunted (shorted) and shall not be connected to the blasting machine or other 5607.2 Manufacturer’s instructions. Blasting operations source of current until the blast is to be fired. shall be performed in accordance with the instructions of the manufacturer of the explosive materials being used. 5607.13 Firing control. A blast shall not be fired until the blaster has made certain that all surplus explosive materials 5607.3 Blasting in congested areas. Where blasting is done are in a safe place in accordance with Section 5607.10, all in a congested area or in close proximity to a structure, rail- persons and equipment are at a safe distance or under suffi- way or highway, or any other installation, precautions shall cient cover and that an adequate warning signal has been be taken to minimize earth vibrations and air blast effects. given. Blasting mats or other protective means shall be used to prevent fragments from being thrown. 5607.14 Post-blast procedures. After the blast, the follow- ing procedures shall be observed. 5607.4 Restricted hours. Surface-blasting operations shall only be conducted during daylight hours between sunrise 1. Persons shall not return to the blast area until allowed and sunset. Other blasting shall be performed during to do so by the blaster in charge. daylight hours unless otherwise approved by the fire code official. 2. The blaster shall allow sufficient time for smoke and fumes to dissipate and for dust to settle before return- ing to or approaching the blast area. 56-16 2021 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE® EDUFIRE.IR Telegram: EDUFIRE.IR

EXPLOSIVES AND FIREWORKS 3. The blaster shall inspect the entire blast site for 5608.4 Clearance. Spectators, spectator parking areas, and misfires before allowing other personnel to return to dwellings, buildings or structures shall not be located within the blast area. the display site. 5607.15 Misfires. Where a misfire is suspected, all initiating Exceptions: circuits shall be traced and a search made for unexploded charges. Where a misfire is found, the blaster shall provide 1. This provision shall not apply to pyrotechnic proper safeguards for excluding all personnel from the blast special effects and fireworks displays using Divi- area. Misfires shall be reported to the blasting supervisor sion 1.4G materials before a proximate audience immediately. Misfires shall be handled under the direction of in accordance with NFPA 1126. the person in charge of the blasting operation in accordance with NFPA 495. 2. This provision shall not apply to unoccupied dwellings, buildings and structures with the SECTION 5608 approval of the building owner and the fire code official. FIREWORKS DISPLAY 5608.5 Storage of fireworks at display site. The storage of 5608.1 General. Outdoor fireworks displays, use of pyro- fireworks at the display site shall comply with the require- technics before a proximate audience and pyrotechnic ments of this section and NFPA 1123 or NFPA 1126. special effects in motion picture, television, theatrical and group entertainment productions shall comply with Sections 5608.5.1 Supervision and weather protection. Begin- 5608.2 through 5608.10 and NFPA 1123 or NFPA 1126. ning as soon as fireworks have been delivered to the display site, they shall not be left unattended. 5608.2 Permit application. Prior to issuing permits for a fireworks display, plans for the fireworks display, inspec- 5608.5.2 Weather protection. Fireworks shall be kept tions of the display site and demonstrations of the display dry after delivery to the display site. operations shall be approved. A plan establishing procedures to follow and actions to be taken in the event that a shell fails 5608.5.3 Inspection. Shells shall be inspected by the to ignite in, or discharge from, a mortar or fails to function operator or assistants after delivery to the display site. over the fallout area or other malfunctions shall be provided Shells having tears, leaks, broken fuses or signs of having to the fire code official. been wet shall be set aside and shall not be fired. Aerial shells shall be checked for proper fit in mortars prior to 5608.2.1 Outdoor fireworks displays. In addition to the discharge. Aerial shells that do not fit properly shall not requirements of Section 403, permit applications for be fired. After the fireworks display, damaged, deterio- outdoor fireworks displays using Division 1.3G fireworks rated or dud shells shall either be returned to the supplier shall include a diagram of the location at which the fire- or destroyed in accordance with the supplier’s instruc- works display will be conducted, including the site from tions and Section 5604.10. which fireworks will be discharged; the location of build- ings, highways, overhead obstructions and utilities; and Exception: Minor repairs to fuses shall be allowed. the lines behind which the audience will be restrained. For electrically ignited displays, attachment of electric matches and similar tasks shall be allowed. 5608.2.2 Use of pyrotechnics before a proximate audi- ence. Where the separation distances required in Section 5608.5.4 Sorting and separation. After delivery to the 5608.4 and NFPA 1123 are unavailable or cannot be display site and prior to the fireworks display, all shells secured, fireworks displays shall be conducted in accor- shall be separated according to their size and their desig- dance with NFPA 1126 for proximate audiences. nation as salutes. Applications for use of pyrotechnics before a proximate audience shall include plans indicating the required clear- Exception: For electrically fired displays, or displays ances for spectators and combustibles, crowd control where all shells are loaded into mortars prior to the measures, smoke control measures and requirements for show, separation of shells according to their size or standby personnel and equipment where provision of their designation as salutes is not required. such personnel or equipment is required by the fire code official. 5608.5.5 Ready boxes. Display fireworks, 1.3G, that will be temporarily stored at the site during the fireworks 5608.3 Approved fireworks displays. Approved fireworks display shall be stored in ready boxes located upwind and displays shall include only the approved fireworks 1.3G, not less than 25 feet (7620 mm) from the mortar place- fireworks 1.4G, fireworks 1.4S and pyrotechnic articles ment and separated according to their size and their 1.4G, which shall be handled by an approved, competent designation as salutes. operator. The approved fireworks shall be arranged, located, discharged and fired in a manner that will not pose a hazard Exception: For electrically fired fireworks displays, or to property or endanger any person. fireworks displays where all shells are loaded into mortars prior to the show, separation of shells accord- ing to their size, their designation as salutes or for the use of ready boxes is not required. 2021 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE® 56-17 EDUFIRE.IR Telegram: EDUFIRE.IR

EXPLOSIVES AND FIREWORKS 5608.6 Installation of mortars. Mortars for firing fireworks shells shall be installed in accordance with NFPA 1123 and shall be positioned so that shells are propelled away from spectators and over the fallout area. Mortars shall not be angled toward the spectator viewing area. Prior to place- ment, mortars shall be inspected for defects, such as dents, bent ends, damaged interiors and damaged plugs. Defective mortars shall not be used. 5608.7 Handling. Aerial shells shall be carried to mortars by the shell body. For the purpose of loading mortars, aerial shells shall be held by the thick portion of the fuse and care- fully loaded into mortars. 5608.8 Fireworks display supervision. Whenever in the opinion of the fire code official or the operator a hazardous condition exists, the fireworks display shall be discontinued immediately until such time as the dangerous situation is corrected. 5608.9 Post-fireworks display inspection. After the fire- works display, the firing crew shall conduct an inspection of the fallout area for the purpose of locating unexploded aerial shells or live components. This inspection shall be conducted before public access to the site shall be allowed. Where fireworks are displayed at night and it is not possible to inspect the site thoroughly, the operator or designated assistant shall inspect the entire site at first light. A report identifying any shells that fail to ignite in, or discharge from, a mortar or fail to function over the fallout area or otherwise malfunction, shall be filed with the fire code official. 5608.10 Disposal. Any shells found during the inspection required in Section 5608.9 shall not be handled until not less than 15 minutes have elapsed from the time the shells were fired. The fireworks shall then be doused with water and allowed to remain for not less than 5 additional minutes before being placed in a plastic bucket or fiberboard box. The disposal instructions of the manufacturer as provided by the fireworks supplier shall then be followed in disposing of the fireworks in accordance with Section 5604.10. SECTION 5609 TEMPORARY STORAGE OF CONSUMER FIREWORKS 5609.1 General. Where the display or temporary storage of fireworks 1.4G (consumer fireworks) is allowed by Section 5601.1.3, Exception 4, such display or storage shall comply with the applicable requirements of NFPA 1124. 56-18 2021 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE® EDUFIRE.IR Telegram: EDUFIRE.IR

CHAPTER 57 FLAMMABLE AND COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS User note: About this chapter: Chapter 57 provides requirements that are intended to reduce the likelihood of fires involving the storage, handling, use or transportation of flammable and combustible liquids. Adherence to these practices may also limit damage in the event of an acciden- tal fire involving these materials. These liquids are used for fuel, lubricants, cleaners, solvents, medicine and even drinking. The danger associated with flammable and combustible liquids is that the vapors from these liquids, when combined with air in their flammable range, will burn or explode at temperatures near normal living and working environments. The regulations herein are intended to prevent the flam- mable and combustible liquids from being ignited and provide mitigating requirements for when a fire does occur. SECTION 5701 10. The storage of beer, distilled spirits and wines in barrels and casks. GENERAL 11. Commercial cooking oil storage tank systems located 5701.1 Scope and application. Prevention, control and miti- within a building and designed and installed in accor- gation of dangerous conditions related to storage, use, dance with Section 607 and NFPA 30. dispensing, mixing and handling of flammable and combus- tible liquids shall be in accordance with Chapter 50 and this 12. Application and release of pesticide and agricultural chapter. products and materials intended for use in weed abatement, erosion control, soil amendment or simi- 5701.2 Nonapplicability. This chapter shall not apply to lar applications where applied in accordance with the liquids as otherwise provided in other laws or regulations or manufacturer’s instructions and label directions. chapters of this code, including: 13. The off-site transportation of flammable or combusti- 1. Specific provisions for flammable liquids in motor ble liquids where in accordance with Department of fuel-dispensing facilities, repair garages, airports and Transportation (DOTn) regulation. marinas in Chapter 23. 5701.3 Referenced documents. The applicable require- 2. Medicines, foodstuffs, cosmetics and commercial or ments of Chapter 50, other chapters of this code, the institutional products containing not more than 50 International Building Code and the International Mechani- percent by volume of water-miscible liquids and with cal Code pertaining to flammable liquids shall apply. the remainder of the solution not being flammable, provided that such materials are packaged in individ- 5701.4 Permits. Permits shall be required as set forth in ual containers not exceeding 1.3 gallons (5 L). Sections 105.5 and 105.6. 3. Quantities of alcoholic beverages in retail or whole- 5701.5 Material classification. Flammable and combustible sale sales or storage occupancies, provided that the liquids shall be classified in accordance with the definitions liquids are packaged in individual containers not in Chapter 2. exceeding 1.3 gallons (5 L). When mixed with lower flash-point liquids, Class II or III 4. Storage and use of fuel oil in tanks and containers liquids are capable of assuming the characteristics of the connected to oil-burning equipment. Such storage lower flash-point liquids. Under such conditions, the appro- and use shall be in accordance with Section 605. For priate provisions of this chapter for the actual flash point of abandonment of fuel oil tanks, this chapter applies. the mixed liquid shall apply. 5. Refrigeration systems (see Section 608). When heated above their flash points, Class II and III liquids assume the characteristics of Class I liquids. Under 6. Storage and display of aerosol products complying such conditions, the appropriate provisions of this chapter with Chapter 51. for flammable liquids shall apply. 7. Storage and use of liquids that do not have a fire SECTION 5702 point when tested in accordance with ASTM D92. DEFINITIONS 8. Liquids with a flash point greater than 95°F (35°C) in 5702.1 Definitions. The following terms are defined in a water-miscible solution or dispersion with a water Chapter 2: and inert (noncombustible) solids content of more than 80 percent by weight, which do not sustain ALCOHOL-BASED HAND RUB. combustion. BULK PLANT OR TERMINAL. 9. Liquids without flash points that can be flammable under some conditions, such as certain halogenated BULK TRANSFER. hydrocarbons and mixtures containing halogenated hydrocarbons. 2021 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE® 57-1 EDUFIRE.IR Telegram: EDUFIRE.IR

FLAMMABLE AND COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS COMBUSTIBLE LIQUID. flammable and combustible liquids shall be in accordance Class II. with this chapter and applicable sections of Chapter 9. Class IIIA. Class IIIB. 5703.2.1 Portable fire extinguishers and hose lines. Portable fire extinguishers shall be provided in accor- FIRE POINT. dance with Section 906. Hose lines shall be provided in FLAMMABLE LIQUID. accordance with Section 905. Class IA. 5703.3 Site assessment. In the event of a spill, leak or Class IB. discharge from a tank system, a site assessment shall be Class IC. completed by the owner or operator of such tank system if FLASH POINT. the fire code official determines that a potential fire or explo- FUEL LIMIT SWITCH. sion hazard exists. Such site assessments shall be conducted LIQUID STORAGE ROOM. to ascertain potential fire hazards and shall be completed and LIQUID STORAGE WAREHOUSE. submitted to the fire department within a time period estab- MOBILE FUELING. lished by the fire code official, not to exceed 60 days. PROCESS TRANSFER. REFINERY. 5703.4 Spill control and secondary containment. Where REMOTE EMERGENCY SHUTOFF DEVICE. the maximum allowable quantity per control area is REMOTE SOLVENT RESERVOIR. exceeded, and where required by Section 5004.2, rooms, SOLVENT DISTILLATION UNIT. buildings or areas used for storage, dispensing, use, mixing TANK, PRIMARY. or handling of Class I, II and IIIA liquids shall be provided with spill control and secondary containment in accordance SECTION 5703 with Section 5004.2. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS 5703.1 Electrical. Electrical wiring and equipment shall be 5703.5 Labeling and signage. The fire code official is installed and maintained in accordance with Section 603 and authorized to require warning signs for the purpose of identi- NFPA 70. fying the hazards of storing or using flammable liquids. 5703.1.1 Classified locations for flammable liquids. Signage for identification and warning such as for the inher- Areas where flammable liquids are stored, handled, ent hazard of flammable liquids or smoking shall be dispensed or mixed shall be in accordance with Table provided in accordance with this chapter and Sections 5703.1.1. A classified area shall not extend beyond an 5003.5 and 5003.6. unpierced floor, roof or other solid partition. The extent of the classified area is allowed to be 5703.5.1 Style. Warning signs shall be of a durable mate- reduced, or eliminated, where sufficient technical justifi- rial. Signs warning of the hazard of flammable liquids cation is provided to the fire code official that a shall have white lettering on a red background and shall concentration in the area in excess of 25 percent of the read: “DANGER—FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS.” Letters lower flammable limit (LFL) cannot be generated. shall be not less than 3 inches (76 mm) in height and 1/2 5703.1.2 Classified locations for combustible liquids. inch (12.7 mm) in stroke. Areas where Class II or III liquids are heated above their flash points shall have electrical installations in accor- 5703.5.2 Location. Signs shall be posted in locations as dance with Section 5703.1.1. required by the fire code official. Piping containing flam- Exception: Solvent distillation units in accordance mable liquids shall be identified in accordance with with Section 5705.4. ASME A13.1. 5703.1.3 Other applications. The fire code official is authorized to determine the extent of the Class I electrical 5703.5.3 Warning labels. Individual containers, pack- equipment and wiring location where a condition is not ages and cartons shall be identified, marked, labeled and specifically covered by these requirements or NFPA 70. placarded in accordance with federal regulations and 5703.2 Fire protection. Fire protection for the storage, use, applicable state laws. dispensing, mixing, handling and on-site transportation of 5703.5.4 Identification. Color coding or other approved identification means shall be provided on each loading and unloading riser for flammable or combustible liquids to identify the contents of the tank served by the riser. 5703.6 Piping systems. Piping systems, and their compo- nent parts, for flammable and combustible liquids shall be in accordance with Sections 5703.6.1 through 5703.6.11. 5703.6.1 Nonapplicability. The provisions of Section 5703.6 shall not apply to gas or oil well installations; piping that is integral to stationary or portable engines, including aircraft, watercraft and motor vehicles; and piping in connection with boilers and pressure vessels regulated by the International Mechanical Code. 57-2 2021 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE® EDUFIRE.IR Telegram: EDUFIRE.IR

FLAMMABLE AND COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS TABLE 5703.1.1 CLASS I ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT LOCATIONSa LOCATION GROUP D EXTENT OF CLASSIFIED AREA DIVISION 1 Pits, boxes or spaces below grade level, any part of which is within the Division 1 or 2 classified area. Underground tank fill opening Up to 18 inches above grade level within a horizontal radius of 10 feet 2 from a loose-fill connection and within a horizontal radius of 5 feet from a tight-fill connection. 1 Within 3 feet of open end of vent, extending in all directions. Vent—Discharging upward 2 Area between 3 feet and 5 feet of open end of vent, extending in all directions. Drum and container filling 1 Within 3 feet of vent and fill opening, extending in all directions. Outdoor or indoor with adequate ventilation Area between 3 feet and 5 feet from vent of fill opening, extending in all 2 directions. Also up to 18 inches above floor or grade level within a hori- zontal radius of 10 feet from vent or fill opening. Pumps, bleeders, withdrawal fittings, meters and similar devices Indoor Within 5 feet of any edge of such devices, extending in all directions, 2 and up to 3 feet above floor or grade level within 25 feet horizontally from any edge of such devices. Outdoor Within 3 feet of any edge of such devices, extending in all directions, 2 and up to 18 inches above floor or grade level within 10 feet horizon- tally from an edge of such devices. Pits Without mechanical ventilation 1 Entire area within pit if any part is within a Division 1 or 2 classified area. With mechanical ventilation 2 Entire area within pit if any part is within a Division 1 or 2 classified area. Containing valves, fittings or piping, and not 2 Entire pit. within a Division 1 or 2 classified area Drainage ditches, separators, impounding basins Indoor 1 or 2 Same as pits. Outdoor 2 Area up to 18 inches above ditch, separator or basin, and up to 18 inches above grade within 15 feet horizontal from any edge. Tank vehicle and tank carb 1 Within 3 feet of edge of dome, extending in all directions. Loading through open dome 2 Area between 3 feet and 15 feet from edge of dome, extending in all directions. 1 Within 3 feet of point of venting to atmosphere, extending in all directions. Loading through bottom connections with atmospheric venting Area between 3 feet and 15 feet from point of venting to atmosphere, 2 extending in all directions. Also up to 18 inches above grade within a horizontal radius of 10 feet from point of loading connection. Loading through closed dome with atmospheric 1 Within 3 feet of open end of vent, extending in all directions. venting 2 Area between 3 feet and 15 feet from open end of vent, extending in all directions, and within 3 feet of edge of dome, extending in all directions. Loading through closed dome with vapor control 2 Within 3 feet of point of connection of both fill and vapor lines, extend- ing in all directions. Bottom loading with vapor control or any bottom 2 Within 3 feet of point of connection, extending in all directions, and up unloading to 18 inches above grade within a horizontal radius of 10 feet from point of connection. (continued) 2021 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE® 57-3 EDUFIRE.IR Telegram: EDUFIRE.IR

FLAMMABLE AND COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS TABLE 5703.1.1—continued CLASS I ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT LOCATIONSa LOCATION GROUP D EXTENT OF CLASSIFIED AREA DIVISION 1 Pits or spaces below floor level. Storage and repair garage for tank vehicles 2 Area up to 18 inches above floor or grade level for entire storage or repair garage. Garages for other than tank vehicles Where there is an opening to these rooms within the extent of an Ordinary outdoor classified area, the entire room shall be classified the same as the area classification at the point of the opening. Outdoor drum storage Ordinary — Indoor warehousing where there is no Where there is an opening to these rooms within the extent of an indoor flammable liquid transfer Ordinary classified area, the room shall be classified the same as if the wall, curb or partition did not exist. 1 Area within 5 feet of any edge of such equipment, extending in all directions. Indoor equipment where flammable vapor/air Area within 5 feet of any edge of such equipment, extending in all direc- mixtures could exist under normal tions. Area between 5 feet and 8 feet of any edge of such equipment, operations 2 extending in all directions, and the area up to 3 feet above floor or grade level within 5 feet to 25 feet horizontally from any edge of such equipment.c Outdoor equipment where flammable vapor/air 1 Area within 3 feet of any edge of such equipment, extending in all directions. mixtures could exist under normal Area between 3 feet and 8 feet of any edge of such equipment extending operations 2 in all directions, and the area up to 3 feet above floor or grade level within 3 feet to 10 feet horizontally from any edge of such equipment. Tank—Above ground 1 Area inside dike where dike height is greater than the distance from the tank to the dike for more than 50 percent of the tank circumference. Shell, ends or roof and dike area Area within 10 feet from shell, ends or roof of tank. Area inside dikes to 2 level of top of dike. 1 Area within 5 feet of open end of vent, extending in all directions. Vent 2 Area between 5 feet and 10 feet from open end of vent, extending in all directions. Floating roof 1 Area above the roof and within the shell. Office and restrooms Where there is an opening to these rooms within the extent of an indoor Ordinary classified location, the room shall be classified the same as if the wall, curb or partition did not exist. For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 foot = 304.8 mm. a. Locations as classified in NFPA 70. b. When classifying extent of area, consideration shall be given to the fact that tank cars or tank vehicles can be spotted at varying points. Therefore, the extremities of the loading or unloading positions shall be used. c. The release of Class I liquids can generate vapors to the extent that the entire building, and possibly a zone surrounding it, are considered a Class I, Division 2, location. 5703.6.2 Design and fabrication of piping systems and TABLE 5703.6.2 components. Piping system components shall be PIPING STANDARDS designed and fabricated in accordance with the applicable standard listed in Table 5703.6.2 and Chapter 27 of PIPING USE STANDARD NFPA 30, except as modified by Section 5703.6.2.1. Power piping ASME B31.1 5703.6.2.1 Special materials. Low-melting-point materials (such as aluminum, copper or brass), materi- Process piping ASME B31.3 als that soften on fire exposure (such as nonmetallic materials) and nonductile material (such as cast iron) Pipeline transportation systems for liquid ASME B31.4 shall be acceptable for use underground in accordance hydrocarbons and other liquids with the applicable standard listed in Table 5703.6.2. Where such materials are used outdoors in above- Building services piping ASME B31.9 ground piping systems or within buildings, they shall Double containment piping UL 971A, UL 1369 57-4 2021 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE® EDUFIRE.IR Telegram: EDUFIRE.IR

be in accordance with the applicable standard listed in FLAMMABLE AND COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS Table 5703.6.2 and one of the following: cars, tank vehicles or marine vessels) discharges 1. Suitably protected against fire exposure. liquids into storage tanks shall be provided with check valves or block valves for automatic protection against 2. Located where leakage from failure would not backflow where the piping arrangement is such that unduly expose people or structures. backflow from the system is possible. Where loading and unloading is done through a common pipe system, 3. Located where leakage can be readily a check valve is not required. However, a block valve, controlled by operation of remotely located located in an area where it is provided with ready valves in a location provided with ready access or remotely operable, shall be provided. access. 5703.6.6.2 Manual drainage. Manual drainage- In all cases, nonmetallic piping shall be used in control valves shall be located at approved locations accordance with Section 27.4.6 of NFPA 30. remote from the tanks, diked area, drainage system and impounding basin to ensure their operation in a fire 5703.6.3 Testing. Unless tested in accordance with the condition. applicable section of ASME B31.9, piping, before being covered, enclosed or placed in use, shall be hydrostati- 5703.6.7 Connections. Above-ground tanks with connec- cally tested to 150 percent of the maximum anticipated tions located below normal liquid level shall be provided pressure of the system, or pneumatically tested to 110 with internal or external isolation valves located as close percent of the maximum anticipated pressure of the as practical to the shell of the tank. Except for liquids system, but not less than 5 pounds per square inch gauge whose chemical characteristics are incompatible with (psig) (34.47 kPa) at the highest point of the system. This steel, such valves, where external, and their connections test shall be maintained for a sufficient time period to to the tank shall be of steel. complete visual inspection of joints and connections. For not less than 10 minutes, there shall be no leakage or 5703.6.8 Piping supports. Piping systems shall be permanent distortion. Care shall be exercised to ensure substantially supported and protected against physical that these pressures are not applied to vented storage damage and excessive stresses arising from settlement, tanks. Such storage tanks shall be tested independently vibration, expansion, contraction or exposure to fire. The from the piping. supports shall be protected against exposure to fire by one of the following: 5703.6.3.1 Existing piping. Existing piping shall be tested in accordance with this section where the fire 1. Draining liquid away from the piping system at a code official has reasonable cause to believe that a leak minimum slope of not less than 1 percent. exists. Piping that could contain flammable or combus- tible liquids shall not be tested pneumatically. Such 2. Providing protection with a fire-resistance rating tests shall be at the expense of the owner or operator. of not less than 2 hours. Exception: Vapor-recovery piping is allowed to be 3. Other approved methods. tested using an inert gas. 5703.6.9 Flexible joints. Flexible joints shall be listed 5703.6.4 Protection from vehicles. Guard posts or other and approved and shall be installed on underground approved means shall be provided to protect piping, liquid, vapor and vent piping at all of the following valves or fittings subject to vehicular damage in accor- locations: dance with Section 312. 1. Where piping connects to underground tanks. 5703.6.5 Protection from external corrosion and 2. Where piping ends at pump islands and vent galvanic action. Where subject to external corrosion, piping, related fluid-handling components and supports risers. for both underground and above-ground applications shall be fabricated from noncorrosive materials, and 3. At points where differential movement in the coated or provided with corrosion protection. Dissimilar piping can occur. metallic parts that promote galvanic action shall not be joined. 5703.6.9.1 Fiberglass-reinforced plastic piping. Fiberglass-reinforced plastic (FRP) piping is not 5703.6.6 Valves. Piping systems shall contain a sufficient required to be provided with flexible joints in locations number of manual control valves and check valves to where both of the following conditions are present: operate the system properly and to protect the plant under both normal and emergency conditions. Piping systems in 1. Piping does not exceed 4 inches (102 mm) in connection with pumps shall contain a sufficient number diameter. of such valves to control properly the flow of liquids in normal operation and in the event of physical damage or 2. Piping has a straight run of not less than 4 feet fire exposure. (1219 mm) on one side of the connection where such connections result in a change of 5703.6.6.1 Backflow protections. Connections to direction. pipelines or piping by which equipment (such as tank In lieu of the minimum 4-foot (1219 mm) straight 2021 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE® run length, approved and listed flexible joints are allowed to be used under dispensers and suction EDUFIRE.IR pumps, at submerged pumps and tanks, and where vents extend above ground. 57-5 Telegram: EDUFIRE.IR

FLAMMABLE AND COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS I, II or III liquids, shall bear a label and placard identi- fying the material therein. Placards shall be in 5703.6.10 Pipe joints. Joints shall be liquid tight and accordance with NFPA 704. shall be welded, flanged or threaded except that listed flexible connectors are allowed in accordance with Exceptions: Section 5703.6.9. Threaded or flanged joints shall fit tightly by using approved methods and materials for the 1. Tanks of 300-gallon (1136 L) capacity or type of joint. Joints in piping systems used for Class I less located on private property and used liquids shall be welded where located in concealed spaces for heating and cooking fuels in single- within buildings. family dwellings. Nonmetallic joints shall be approved and shall be 2. Tanks located underground. installed in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions. 5704.2.4 Sources of ignition. Smoking and open flames are prohibited in storage areas in accordance with Section Pipe joints that are dependent on the friction character- 5003.7. istics or resiliency of combustible materials for liquid tightness of piping shall not be used in buildings. Piping Exception: Areas designated as smoking and hot work shall be secured to prevent disengagement at the fitting. areas, and areas where hot work permits have been 5703.6.11 Bends. Pipe and tubing shall be bent in accor- issued in accordance with this code. dance with ASME B31.9. 5704.2.5 Explosion control. Explosion control shall be SECTION 5704 provided in accordance with Section 911 for indoor tanks. STORAGE 5704.2.6 Separation from incompatible materials. 5704.1 General. The storage of flammable and combustible Storage of flammable and combustible liquids shall be liquids in containers and tanks shall be in accordance with separated from incompatible materials in accordance this section and the applicable sections of Chapter 50. with Section 5003.9.8. 5704.2 Tank storage. The provisions of this section shall apply to: Grass, weeds, combustible materials and waste Class I, II or IIIA liquids shall not be accumulated in an unsafe 1. The storage of flammable and combustible liquids in manner at a storage site. fixed above-ground and underground tanks. 5704.2.7 Design, fabrication and construction require- 2. The storage of flammable and combustible liquids in ments for tanks. The design, fabrication and fixed above-ground tanks inside of buildings. construction of tanks shall comply with NFPA 30. Each tank shall bear a permanent nameplate or marking indi- 3. The storage of flammable and combustible liquids in cating the standard used as the basis of design. portable tanks whose capacity exceeds 660 gallons (2498 L). 5704.2.7.1 Materials used in tank construction. The materials used in tank construction shall be in accor- 4. The installation of such tanks and portable tanks. dance with NFPA 30. The materials of construction for 5704.2.1 Change of tank contents. Tanks subject to tanks and their appurtenances shall be compatible with change in contents shall be in accordance with Section the liquids to be stored. 5704.2.7. Prior to a change in contents, the fire code offi- cial is authorized to require testing of a tank. 5704.2.7.2 Pressure limitations for tanks. Tanks shall be designed for the pressures to which they will Tanks that have previously contained Class I liquids be subjected in accordance with NFPA 30. shall not be loaded with Class II or Class III liquids until such tanks and all piping, pumps, hoses and meters 5704.2.7.3 Tank vents for normal venting. Tank connected thereto have been completely drained and vents for normal venting shall be installed and main- flushed. tained in accordance with Sections 5704.2.7.3.1 5704.2.2 Use of tank vehicles and tank cars as storage through 5704.2.7.3.5.3. tanks. Tank cars and tank vehicles shall not be used as storage tanks. 5704.2.7.3.1 Vent lines. Vent lines from tanks shall 5704.2.3 Labeling and signs. Labeling and signs for stor- not be used for purposes other than venting unless age tanks and storage tank areas shall comply with approved. Sections 5704.2.3.1 and 5704.2.3.2. 5704.2.7.3.2 Vent-line flame arresters and pres- 5704.2.3.1 Smoking and open flame. Signs shall be sure-vacuum vents. Listed or approved flame posted in storage areas prohibiting open flames and arresters or pressure-vacuum (PV) vents that remain smoking. Signs shall comply with Section 5703.5. closed unless venting under pressure or vacuum 5704.2.3.2 Label or placard. Tanks more than 100 conditions shall be installed in normal vents of tanks gallons (379 L) in capacity, which are permanently containing Class IB and IC liquids. installed or mounted and used for the storage of Class Vent-line flame arresters shall be installed in 57-6 accordance with their listing or API 2000 and main- tained in accordance with Section 21.8.6 of NFPA EDUFIRE.IR 30 or API 2000. In-line flame arresters in piping systems shall be installed and maintained in accor- 2021 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE® Telegram: EDUFIRE.IR

dance with their listing or API 2028. Pressure- FLAMMABLE AND COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS vacuum vents shall be installed in accordance with Section 21.4.3 of NFPA 30 or API 2000 and main- possible change in classification of less volatile tained in accordance with Section 21.8.6 of NFPA liquid. 30 or API 2000. 5704.2.7.4 Emergency venting. Stationary, above- Exception: Where determined by the fire code ground tanks shall be equipped with additional venting official that the use of these devices can result in that will relieve excessive internal pressure caused by damage to the tank. exposure to fires. Emergency vents for Class I, II and IIIA liquids shall not discharge inside buildings. The 5704.2.7.3.3 Vent pipe outlets. Vent pipe outlets venting shall be installed and maintained in accor- for tanks storing Class I, II or IIIA liquids shall be dance with Section 22.7 of NFPA 30. located such that the vapors are released at a safe point outside of buildings and not less than 12 feet Exceptions: (3658 mm) above the finished ground level. Vapors shall be discharged upward or horizontally away 1. Tanks larger than 12,000 gallons (45 420 from adjacent walls to assist in vapor dispersion. L) in capacity storing Class IIIB liquids Vent outlets shall be located such that flammable that are not within the diked area or the vapors will not be trapped by eaves or other obstruc- drainage path of Class I or II liquids do not tions and shall be not less than 5 feet (1524 mm) require emergency relief venting. from building openings or lot lines of properties that can be built on. Vent outlets on atmospheric tanks 2. Emergency vents on protected above- storing Class IIIB liquids are allowed to discharge ground tanks complying with UL 2085 inside a building where the vent is a normally closed containing Class II or IIIA liquids are vent. allowed to discharge inside the building. Exception: Vent pipe outlets on tanks storing 5704.2.7.5 Tank openings other than vents. Tank Class IIIB liquid inside buildings and connected openings for other than vents shall comply with to fuel-burning equipment shall be located such Sections 5704.2.7.5.1 through 5704.2.7.5.8. that the vapors are released to a safe location outside of buildings. 5704.2.7.5.1 Connections below liquid level. Connections for tank openings below the liquid 5704.2.7.3.4 Installation of vent piping. Vent level shall be liquid tight. piping shall be designed, sized, constructed and installed in accordance with Section 5703.6. Vent 5704.2.7.5.2 Filling, emptying and vapor recov- pipes shall be installed such that they will drain ery connections. Filling, emptying and vapor toward the tank without sags or traps in which liquid recovery connections to tanks containing Class I, II can collect. Vent pipes shall be installed in such a or IIIA liquids shall be located outside of buildings manner so as not to be subject to physical damage or in accordance with Section 5704.2.7.5.6 at a loca- vibration. tion free from sources of ignition and not less than 5 feet (1524 mm) away from building openings or lot 5704.2.7.3.5 Manifolding. Tank vent piping shall lines of property that can be built on. Such openings not be manifolded unless required for special shall be properly identified and provided with a purposes such as vapor recovery, vapor conserva- liquid-tight cap that shall be closed when not in use. tion or air pollution control. Filling and emptying connections to indoor 5704.2.7.3.5.1 Above-ground tanks. For tanks containing Class IIIB liquids and connected above-ground tanks, manifolded vent pipes shall to fuel-burning equipment shall be located at a be adequately sized to prevent system pressure finished ground level location outside of buildings. limits from being exceeded where manifolded Such openings shall be provided with a liquid-tight tanks are subject to the same fire exposure. cap that shall be closed when not in use. A sign in accordance with Section 5003.6 that displays the 5704.2.7.3.5.2 Underground tanks. For under- following warning shall be permanently attached at ground tanks, manifolded vent pipes shall be the filling location: sized to prevent system pressure limits from being exceeded when manifolded tanks are filled TRANSFERRING FUEL OTHER THAN simultaneously. CLASS IIIB COMBUSTIBLE LIQUID TO THIS TANK CONNECTION IS A VIOLATION 5704.2.7.3.5.3 Tanks storing Class I liquids. OF THE FIRE CODE AND IS STRICTLY Vent piping for tanks storing Class I liquids shall not be manifolded with vent piping for tanks PROHIBITED storing Class II and III liquids unless positive means are provided to prevent the vapors from 5704.2.7.5.3 Piping, connections and fittings. Class I liquids from entering tanks storing Class Piping, connections, fittings and other appurte- II and III liquids, to prevent contamination and nances shall be installed in accordance with Section 5703.6. 2021 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE® 5704.2.7.5.4 Manual gauging. Openings for EDUFIRE.IR manual gauging, if independent of the fill pipe, shall be provided with a liquid-tight cap or cover. Covers 57-7 Telegram: EDUFIRE.IR

FLAMMABLE AND COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS An approved means or method in accordance with Section 5704.2.9.7.5 shall be provided to shall be kept closed when not gauging. If inside a prevent the overfilling of Class IIIB liquid storage building, such openings shall be protected against tanks connected to fuel-burning equipment inside liquid overflow and possible vapor release by means buildings. of a spring-loaded check valve or other approved device. Exception: Outside above-ground tanks with a capacity of 1,320 gallons (5000 L) or less. 5704.2.7.5.5 Fill pipes and discharge lines. For top-loaded tanks, a metallic fill pipe shall be 5704.2.7.6 Repair, alteration or reconstruction of designed and installed to minimize the generation of tanks and piping. The repair, alteration or reconstruc- static electricity by terminating the pipe within 6 tion, including welding, cutting and hot tapping of inches (152 mm) of the bottom of the tank, and it storage tanks and piping that have been placed in shall be installed in a manner that avoids excessive service, shall be in accordance with NFPA 30. Hot vibration. work, as defined in Section 202, on such tanks shall be conducted in accordance with Section 3510. 5704.2.7.5.5.1 Class I liquids. For Class I liquids other than crude oil, gasoline and asphalt, 5704.2.7.7 Design of supports. The design of the the fill pipe shall be designed and installed in a supporting structure for tanks shall be in accordance manner that will minimize the possibility of with the International Building Code and NFPA 30. generating static electricity by terminating within 6 inches (152 mm) of the bottom of the 5704.2.7.8 Locations subject to flooding. Where a tank. tank is located in an area where it is subject to buoy- ancy because of a rise in the water table, flooding or 5704.2.7.5.5.2 Underground tanks. For under- accumulation of water from fire suppression opera- ground tanks, fill pipe and discharge lines shall tions, uplift protection shall be provided in accordance enter only through the top. Fill lines shall be with Sections 22.14 and 23.14 of NFPA 30. sloped toward the tank. Underground tanks for Class I liquids having a capacity greater than 5704.2.7.9 Corrosion protection. Where subject to 1,000 gallons (3785 L) shall be equipped with a external corrosion, tanks shall be fabricated from tight fill device for connecting the fill hose to the corrosion-resistant materials, coated or provided with tank. corrosion protection in accordance with Section 23.3.5 of NFPA 30. 5704.2.7.5.6 Location of connections that are made or broken. Filling, withdrawal and vapor- 5704.2.7.10 Leak reporting. A consistent or acciden- recovery connections for Class I, II and IIIA liquids tal loss of liquid, or other indication of a leak from a that are made and broken shall be located outside of tank system, shall be reported immediately to the fire buildings, not more than 5 feet (1524 mm) above the department, the fire code official and other authorities finished ground level, in an approved location in having jurisdiction. close proximity to the parked delivery vehicle. Such location shall be away from sources of ignition and 5704.2.7.10.1 Leaking tank disposition. Leaking not less than 5 feet (1524 mm) away from building tanks shall be promptly emptied, repaired and openings. Such connections shall be closed and returned to service, abandoned or removed in accor- liquid tight when not in use and shall be properly dance with Section 5704.2.13 or 5704.2.14. identified. 5704.2.7.11 Tank lining. Steel tanks are allowed to be 5704.2.7.5.7 Protection against vapor release. lined only for the purpose of protecting the interior Tank openings provided for purposes of vapor from corrosion or providing compatibility with a mate- recovery shall be protected against possible vapor rial to be stored. Only those liquids tested for release by means of a spring-loaded check valve or compatibility with the lining material are allowed to be dry-break connections, or other approved device, stored in lined tanks. unless the opening is a pipe connected to a vapor processing system. Openings designed for 5704.2.8 Vaults. Vaults shall be allowed to be either combined fill and vapor recovery shall be protected above or below grade and shall comply with Sections against vapor release unless connection of the liquid 5704.2.8.1 through 5704.2.8.18. delivery line to the fill pipe simultaneously connects the vapor recovery line. Connections shall be vapor 5704.2.8.1 Listing required. Vaults shall be listed in tight. accordance with UL 2245. 5704.2.7.5.8 Overfill prevention. An approved Exception: Where approved by the fire code offi- means or method in accordance with Section cial, below-grade vaults are allowed to be 5704.2.9.7.5 shall be provided to prevent the overfill constructed on site, provided that the design is in of all Class I, II and IIIA liquid storage tanks. Stor- accordance with the International Building Code age tanks in refineries, bulk plants or terminals and that special inspections are conducted to verify regulated by Section 5706.4 or 5706.7 shall have structural strength and compliance of the installation overfill protection in accordance with API 2350. with the approved design in accordance with Section 1707 of the International Building Code. 57-8 2021 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE® EDUFIRE.IR Telegram: EDUFIRE.IR

Installation plans for below-grade vaults that are FLAMMABLE AND COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS constructed on site shall be prepared by, and the design shall bear the stamp of, a professional engi- wall shall be liquid and vapor tight and shall be neer. Consideration shall be given to soil and designed to withstand the load imposed when the vault hydrostatic loading on the floors, walls and lid; on either side of the wall is filled with water. anticipated seismic forces; uplifting by groundwater or flooding; and to loads imposed from above such 5704.2.8.8 Connections. Connections shall be as traffic and equipment loading on the vault lid. provided to permit venting of each vault to dilute, disperse and remove vapors prior to personnel entering 5704.2.8.2 Design and construction. The vault shall the vault. completely enclose each tank. There shall not be open- ings in the vault enclosure except those necessary for 5704.2.8.9 Ventilation. Vaults that contain tanks of access to, inspection of, and filling, emptying and Class I liquids shall be provided with an exhaust venti- venting of the tank. The walls and floor of the vault lation system installed in accordance with Section shall be constructed of reinforced concrete not less 5004.3. The ventilation system shall operate continu- than 6 inches (152 mm) thick. The top of an above- ously or be designed to operate upon activation of the grade vault shall be constructed of noncombustible vapor or liquid detection system. The system shall material and shall be designed to be weaker than the provide ventilation at a rate of not less than 1 cubic walls of the vault, to ensure that the thrust of an explo- foot per minute (cfm) per square foot of floor area sion occurring inside the vault is directed upward [0.00508 m3/(s × m2)], but not less than 150 cfm (4 before significantly high pressure can develop within m3/min). The exhaust system shall be designed to the vault. provide air movement across all parts of the vault floor. Supply and exhaust ducts shall extend to within The top of an at-grade or below-grade vault shall 3 inches (76 mm), but not more than 12 inches (305 be designed to relieve safely or contain the force of an mm), of the floor. The exhaust system shall be explosion occurring inside the vault. The top and floor installed in accordance with the International Mechan- of the vault and the tank foundation shall be designed ical Code. to withstand the anticipated loading, including loading from vehicular traffic, where applicable. The walls and 5704.2.8.10 Liquid detection. Vaults shall be floor of a vault installed below grade shall be designed equipped with a detection system capable of detecting to withstand anticipated soil and hydrostatic loading. liquids, including water, and activating an alarm. Vaults shall be designed to be wind and earthquake 5704.2.8.11 Monitoring and detection. Vaults shall resistant, in accordance with the International Build- be provided with approved vapor and liquid detection ing Code. systems and equipped with on-site audible and visual warning devices with battery backup. Vapor detection 5704.2.8.3 Secondary containment. Vaults shall be systems shall sound an alarm when the system detects substantially liquid tight and there shall not be backfill vapors that reach or exceed 25 percent of the lower around the tank or within the vault. The vault floor explosive limit (LEL) of the liquid stored. Vapor shall drain to a sump. For premanufactured vaults, detectors shall be located not higher than 12 inches liquid tightness shall be certified as part of the listing (305 mm) above the lowest point in the vault. Liquid provided by a nationally recognized testing laboratory. detection systems shall sound an alarm upon detection For field-erected vaults, liquid tightness shall be certi- of any liquid, including water. Liquid detectors shall fied in an approved manner. be located in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions. Activation of either vapor or liquid detec- 5704.2.8.4 Internal clearance. There shall be suffi- tion systems shall cause a signal to be sounded at an cient clearance between the tank and the vault to allow approved, constantly attended location within the for visual inspection and maintenance of the tank and facility serving the tanks or at an approved location. its appurtenances. Dispensing devices are allowed to Activation of vapor detection systems shall shut off be installed on tops of vaults. dispenser pumps. 5704.2.8.5 Anchoring. Vaults and their tanks shall be 5704.2.8.12 Liquid removal. Means shall be provided suitably anchored to withstand uplifting by ground to recover liquid from the vault. Where a pump is used water or flooding, including when the tank is empty. to meet this requirement, the pump shall not be perma- nently installed in the vault. Electric-powered portable 5704.2.8.6 Vehicle impact protection. Vaults shall be pumps shall be suitable for use in Class I, Division 1, resistant to damage from the impact of a motor vehi- or Zone 0 locations, as defined in NFPA 70. cle, or vehicle impact protection shall be provided in accordance with Section 312. 5704.2.8.13 Normal vents. Vent pipes that are provided for normal tank venting shall terminate not 5704.2.8.7 Arrangement. Tanks shall be listed for less than 12 feet (3658 mm) above ground level. above-ground use, and each tank shall be in its own vault. Compartmentalized tanks shall be allowed and 5704.2.8.14 Emergency vents. Emergency vents shall shall be considered as a single tank. Adjacent vaults be vapor tight and shall be allowed to discharge inside shall be allowed to share a common wall. The common the vault. Long-bolt manhole covers shall not be allowed for this purpose. 2021 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE® 57-9 EDUFIRE.IR Telegram: EDUFIRE.IR

FLAMMABLE AND COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS 4. Considered by the fire code official as posing an unusual exposure hazard 5704.2.8.15 Accessway. Vaults shall be provided with because of topographical conditions; an approved personnel accessway with a minimum nature of occupancy, proximity on the dimension of 30 inches (762 mm) and with a perma- same or adjoining property, and height and nently affixed, nonferrous ladder. Accessways shall be character of liquids to be stored; degree of designed to be nonsparking. Travel distance from any private fire protection to be provided; and point inside a vault to an accessway shall not exceed facilities of the fire department to cope 20 feet (6096 mm). At each entry point, a warning sign with flammable liquid fires. indicating the need for procedures for safe entry into confined spaces shall be posted. Entry points shall be 5704.2.9.2.2 Foam fire protection system installa- secured against unauthorized entry and vandalism. tion. Where foam fire protection is required, it shall be installed in accordance with NFPA 11. 5704.2.8.16 Fire protection. Vaults shall be provided with a suitable means to admit a fire suppression 5704.2.9.2.2.1 Foam storage. Where foam fire agent. protection is required, foam-producing materials shall be stored on the premises. 5704.2.8.17 Classified area. The interior of a vault containing a tank that stores a Class I liquid shall be Exception: Storage of foam-producing mate- designated a Class I, Division 1, or Zone 0 location, as rials off the premises is allowed as follows: defined in NFPA 70. 1. Such materials stored off the prem- 5704.2.8.18 Overfill protection. Overfill protection ises shall be of the proper type shall be provided in accordance with Section suitable for use with the equipment at 5704.2.9.7.5. The use of a float vent valve shall be the installation where required. prohibited. 2. Such materials shall be readily avail- 5704.2.9 Above-ground tanks. Above-ground storage of able at the storage location at all flammable and combustible liquids in tanks shall comply times. with Section 5704.2 and Sections 5704.2.9.1 through 5704.2.9.7.9. 3. Adequate loading and transportation facilities shall be provided. 5704.2.9.1 Existing noncompliant installations. Existing above-ground tanks shall be maintained in 4. The time required to deliver such accordance with the code requirements that were materials to the required location in applicable at the time of installation. Above-ground the event of fire shall be consistent tanks that were installed in violation of code require- with the hazards and fire scenarios ments applicable at the time of installation shall be for which the foam supply is made code compliant or shall be removed in accor- intended. dance with Section 5704.2.14, regardless of whether such tank has been previously inspected (see Section 5. At the time of a fire, these off-prem- 108.4). ises supplies shall be accumulated in sufficient quantities before placing 5704.2.9.2 Fire protection. Fire protection for above- the equipment in operation to ensure ground tanks shall comply with Sections 5704.2.9.2.1 foam production at an adequate rate through 5704.2.9.2.4. without interruption until extinguish- ment is accomplished. 5704.2.9.2.1 Required foam fire protection systems. Where required by the fire code official, 5704.2.9.2.3 Fire protection of supports. Supports foam fire protection shall be provided for above- or pilings for above-ground tanks storing Class I, II ground tanks, other than pressure tanks operating at or IIIA liquids elevated more than 12 inches (305 or above 1 pound per square inch gauge (psig) (6.89 mm) above grade shall have a fire-resistance rating kPa) where such tank, or group of tanks spaced less of not less than 2 hours in accordance with the fire than 50 feet (15 240 mm) apart measured shell to exposure criteria specified in ASTM E1529. shell, has a liquid surface area in excess of 1,500 square feet (139 m2), and is in accordance with one Exceptions: of the following: 1. Structural supports tested as part of a 1. Used for the storage of Class I or II protected above-ground tank in accor- liquids. dance with UL 2085. 2. Used for the storage of crude oil. 2. Stationary tanks located outside of build- ings where protected by an approved 3. Used for in-process products and is water-spray system designed in accor- located within 100 feet (30 480 mm) of a dance with Chapter 9 and NFPA 15. fired still, heater, related fractioning or processing apparatus or similar device at a 3. Stationary tanks located inside of build- processing plant or petroleum refinery as ings equipped throughout with an herein defined. approved automatic sprinkler system 57-10 2021 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE® EDUFIRE.IR Telegram: EDUFIRE.IR

designed in accordance with Section FLAMMABLE AND COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS 903.3.1.1. (17.2 kPa) for storage of Class I, II or IIIA 5704.2.9.2.4 Inerting of tanks storing boilover liquids, which are designed with a floating roof, liquids. Liquids with boilover characteristics shall a weak roof-to-shell seam or equipped with not be stored in fixed roof tanks larger than 150 feet emergency venting devices limiting pressure to (45 720 mm) in diameter unless an approved gas 2.5 psig (17.2 kPa), shall be located in accor- enrichment or inerting system is provided on the dance with Table 22.4.1.1(a) of NFPA 30. tank. Exceptions: Exception: Crude oil storage tanks in produc- tion fields with no other exposures adjacent to 1. Vertical tanks having a weak roof-to- the storage tank. shell seam and storing Class IIIA liquids are allowed to be located at 5704.2.9.3 Supports, foundations and anchorage. one-half the distances specified in Supports, foundations and anchorages for above- Table 22.4.1.1(a) of NFPA 30, ground tanks shall be designed and constructed in provided that the tanks are not within accordance with NFPA 30 and the International Build- a diked area or drainage path for a ing Code. tank storing Class I or II liquids. 5704.2.9.4 Stairways, platforms and walkways. 2. Liquids with boilover characteristics Stairways, platforms and walkways shall be of and unstable liquids in accordance noncombustible construction and shall be designed with Sections 5704.2.9.6.1.3 and and constructed in accordance with NFPA 30 and the 5704.2.9.6.1.4. International Building Code. 3. For protected above-ground tanks in 5704.2.9.5 Above-ground tanks inside of buildings. accordance with Section 5704.2.9.7 Above-ground tanks inside of buildings shall comply and tanks in at-grade or above-grade with Sections 5704.2.9.5.1 and 5704.2.9.5.2. vaults in accordance with Section 5704.2.8, the distances in Table 5704.2.9.5.1 Overfill prevention. Above-ground 22.4.1.1(b) of NFPA 30 shall apply tanks storing Class I, II and IIIA liquids inside build- and shall be reduced by one-half, but ings shall be equipped with a device or other means not to less than 5 feet (1524 mm). to prevent overflow into the building including, but not limited to: a float valve; a preset meter on the fill 5704.2.9.6.1.2 Location of tanks with pres- line; a valve actuated by the weight of the tank’s sures exceeding 2.5 psig. Above-ground tanks contents; a low-head pump that is incapable of for the storage of Class I, II or IIIA liquids oper- producing overflow; or a liquid-tight overflow pipe ating at pressures exceeding 2.5 psig (17.2 kPa) not less than one pipe size larger than the fill pipe or equipped with emergency venting allowing and discharging by gravity back to the outside pressures to exceed 2.5 psig (17.2 kPa) shall be source of liquid or to an approved location. Tanks located in accordance with Table 22.4.1.3 of containing Class IIIB liquids and connected to fuel- NFPA 30. burning equipment shall be provided with a means to prevent overflow into buildings in accordance Exception: Liquids with boilover characteris- with Section 5704.2.7.5.8. tics and unstable liquids in accordance with Sections 5704.2.9.6.1.3 and 5704.2.9.6.1.4. 5704.2.9.5.2 Fill pipe connections. Fill pipe connections for tanks storing Class I, II and IIIA 5704.2.9.6.1.3 Location of tanks storing liquids and Class IIIB liquids connected to fuel- boilover liquids. Above-ground tanks for stor- burning equipment shall be in accordance with age of liquids with boilover characteristics shall Section 5704.2.9.7.6. be located in accordance with Table 22.4.1.4 of NFPA 30. 5704.2.9.6 Above-ground tanks outside of build- ings. Above-ground tanks outside of buildings shall 5704.2.9.6.1.4 Location of tanks storing unsta- comply with Sections 5704.2.9.6.1 through ble liquids. Above-ground tanks for the storage 5704.2.9.6.3. of unstable liquids shall be located in accordance with Table 22.4.1.5 of NFPA 30. 5704.2.9.6.1 Locations where above-ground tanks are prohibited. Storage of Class I and II 5704.2.9.6.1.5 Location of tanks storing Class liquids in above-ground tanks outside of buildings is IIIB liquids. Above-ground tanks for the stor- prohibited within the limits established by law as the age of Class IIIB liquids, excluding unstable limits of districts in which such storage is prohibited liquids, shall be located in accordance with [JURISDICTION TO SPECIFY]. Table 22.4.1.6 of NFPA 30, except where located within a diked area or drainage path for a 5704.2.9.6.1.1 Location of tanks with pres- tank or tanks storing Class I or II liquids. Where sures 2.5 psig or less. Above-ground tanks a Class IIIB liquid storage tank is within the operating at pressures not exceeding 2.5 psig diked area or drainage path for a Class I or II 2021 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE® 57-11 EDUFIRE.IR Telegram: EDUFIRE.IR

FLAMMABLE AND COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS 5704.2.9.7 Additional requirements for protected above-ground tanks. In addition to the requirements liquid, distances required by Section of this chapter for above-ground tanks, the installation 5704.2.9.6.1.1 shall apply. of protected above-ground tanks shall be in accordance with Sections 5704.2.9.7.1 through 5704.2.9.7.9. 5704.2.9.6.1.6 Reduction of separation distances to adjacent property. Where two 5704.2.9.7.1 Tank construction. The construction tank properties of diverse ownership have a of a protected above-ground tank and its primary common boundary, the fire code official is tank shall be in accordance with Section 5704.2.7. authorized to, with the written consent of the owners of the two properties, apply the distances 5704.2.9.7.2 Normal and emergency venting. in Sections 5704.2.9.6.1.2 through Normal and emergency venting for protected above- 5704.2.9.6.1.5 assuming a single property. ground tanks shall be provided in accordance with Sections 5704.2.7.3 and 5704.2.7.4. The vent capac- 5704.2.9.6.2 Separation between adjacent stable ity reduction factor shall not be allowed. or unstable liquid tanks. The separation between tanks containing stable liquids shall be in accor- 5704.2.9.7.3 Secondary containment. Protected dance with Table 22.4.2.1 of NFPA 30. Where tanks above-ground tanks shall be provided with second- are in a diked area containing Class I or II liquids, or ary containment, drainage control or diking in in the drainage path of Class I or II liquids, and are accordance with Section 5004.2. A means shall be compacted in three or more rows or in an irregular provided to establish the integrity of the secondary pattern, the fire code official is authorized to require containment in accordance with NFPA 30. greater separation than specified in Table 22.4.2.1 of NFPA 30 or other means to make tanks in the inte- 5704.2.9.7.4 Vehicle impact protection. Where rior of the pattern open for fire-fighting purposes. protected above-ground tanks, piping, electrical conduit or dispensers are subject to vehicular The separation between tanks containing unsta- impact, they shall be protected therefrom, either by ble liquids shall be not less than one-half the sum of having the impact protection incorporated into the their diameters. system design in compliance with the impact test protocol of UL 2085, or by meeting the provisions Exception: Tanks used for storing Class IIIB of Section 312, or where necessary, a combination liquids are allowed to be spaced 3 feet (914 mm) of both. Where guard posts or other approved barri- apart unless within a diked area or drainage path ers are provided, they shall be independent of each for a tank storing Class I or II liquids. above-ground tank. 5704.2.9.6.3 Separation between adjacent tanks 5704.2.9.7.5 Overfill prevention. Protected above- containing flammable or combustible liquids and ground tanks shall not be filled in excess of 95 LP-gas. The minimum horizontal separation percent of their capacity. An overfill prevention between an LP-gas container and a Class I, II or IIIA system shall be provided for each tank. During tank- liquid storage tank shall be 20 feet (6096 mm) filling operations, the system shall comply with one except in the case of Class I, II or IIIA liquid tanks of the following: operating at pressures exceeding 2.5 psig (17.2 kPa) or equipped with emergency venting allowing pres- 1. The overfill prevention system shall sures to exceed 2.5 psig (17.2 kPa), in which case include the following: the provisions of Section 5704.2.9.6.2 shall apply. 1.1. An independent means of notifying An approved means shall be provided to prevent the person filling the tank that the the accumulation of Class I, II or IIIA liquids under fluid level has reached 90 percent adjacent LP-gas containers such as by dikes, diver- of tank capacity by providing an sion curbs or grading. Where flammable or audible or visual alarm signal, combustible liquid storage tanks are within a diked providing a tank level gauge area, the LP-gas containers shall be outside the marked at 90 percent of tank diked area and not less than 10 feet (3048 mm) capacity, or other approved means. away from the centerline of the wall of the diked area. 1.2. Automatic shut off of the flow of fuel to the tank when the quantity Exceptions: of liquid in the tank reaches 95 percent of tank capacity. For rigid 1. Liquefied petroleum gas containers of hose fuel-delivery systems, an 125 gallons (473 L) or less in capacity approved means shall be provided installed adjacent to fuel-oil supply tanks to empty the fill hose into the tank of 660 gallons (2498 L) or less in after the automatic shutoff device capacity. is activated. 2. Horizontal separation is not required 2. The system shall reduce the flow rate to between above-ground LP-gas contain- not more than 15 gallons per minute (0.95 ers and underground flammable and combustible liquid tanks. 2021 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE® 57-12 Telegram: EDUFIRE.IR EDUFIRE.IR

L/s) so that at the reduced flow rate, the FLAMMABLE AND COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS tank will not overfill for 30 minutes, and automatically shut off flow into the tank so report that demonstrates that such tank or that none of the fittings on the top of the group of tanks does not constitute a hazard to tank are exposed to product because of other tanks, waterways or adjoining property, overfilling. after consideration of special features such as topographical conditions, nature of occupancy 5704.2.9.7.5.1 Information signs. A permanent and proximity to buildings on the same or adja- sign shall be provided at the fill point for the cent property, capacity, and construction of tank, documenting the filling procedure and the proposed tanks and character of liquids to be tank calibration chart. stored, and nature and quantity of private and public fire protection provided. Exception: Where climatic conditions are such that the sign may be obscured by ice or 2. Drainage control and diking is not required for snow, or weathered beyond readability or listed secondary containment tanks. otherwise impaired, said procedures and chart shall be located in the office window, lock box 5704.2.10.1 Volumetric capacity. The volumetric or other area available to the person filling the capacity of the diked area shall be not less than the tank. greatest amount of liquid that can be released from the largest tank within the diked area. The capacity of the 5704.2.9.7.5.2 Determination of available tank diked area enclosing more than one tank shall be capacity. The filling procedure shall require the calculated by deducting the volume of the tanks other person filling the tank to determine the than the largest tank below the height of the dike. gallonage (literage) required to fill it to 90 percent of capacity before commencing the fill 5704.2.10.2 Diked areas containing two or more operation. tanks. Diked areas containing two or more tanks shall be subdivided in accordance with NFPA 30. 5704.2.9.7.6 Fill pipe connections. The fill pipe shall be provided with a means for making a direct 5704.2.10.3 Protection of piping from exposure connection to the tank vehicle’s fuel delivery hose fires. Piping shall not pass through adjacent diked so that the delivery of fuel is not exposed to the open areas or impounding basins, unless provided with a air during the filling operation. Where any portion of sealed sleeve or otherwise protected from exposure to the fill pipe exterior to the tank extends below the fire. level of the top of the tank, a check valve shall be installed in the fill pipe not more than 12 inches (305 5704.2.10.4 Combustible materials in diked areas. mm) from the fill hose connection. Diked areas shall be kept free from combustible mate- rials, drums and barrels. 5704.2.9.7.7 Spill containers. A spill container having a capacity of not less than 5 gallons (19 L) 5704.2.10.5 Equipment, controls and piping in shall be provided for each fill connection. For tanks diked areas. Pumps, manifolds and fire protection with a top fill connection, spill containers shall be equipment or controls shall not be located within diked noncombustible and shall be fixed to the tank and areas or drainage basins or in a location where such equipped with a manual drain valve that drains into equipment and controls would be endangered by fire in the primary tank. For tanks with a remote fill the diked area or drainage basin. Piping above ground connection, a portable spill container shall be shall be minimized and located as close as practical to allowed. the shell of the tank in diked areas or drainage basins. 5704.2.9.7.8 Tank openings. Tank openings in Exceptions: protected above-ground tanks shall be through the top only. 1. Pumps, manifolds and piping integral to the tanks or equipment being served, 5704.2.9.7.9 Antisiphon devices. Approved antisi- which is protected by intermediate diking, phon devices shall be installed in each external pipe berms, drainage or fire protection such as connected to the protected above-ground tank where water spray, monitors or resistive coating. the pipe extends below the level of the top of the tank. 2. Fire protection equipment or controls that are appurtenances to the tanks or equip- 5704.2.10 Drainage and diking. The area surrounding a ment being protected, such as foam tank or group of tanks shall be provided with drainage chambers or foam piping and water or control or shall be diked to prevent accidental discharge foam monitors and hydrants, or hand and of liquid from endangering adjacent tanks, adjoining wheeled extinguishers. property or reaching waterways. 5704.2.11 Underground tanks. Underground storage of Exceptions: flammable and combustible liquids in tanks shall comply with Section 5704.2 and Sections 5704.2.11.1 through 1. The fire code official is authorized to alter or 5704.2.11.4.2.1. waive these requirements based on a technical 5704.2.11.1 Location. Flammable and combustible 2021 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE® liquid storage tanks located underground, either EDUFIRE.IR 57-13 Telegram: EDUFIRE.IR

FLAMMABLE AND COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS 5704.2.13.1 Underground tanks. Underground tanks taken out of service shall comply with Sections outside or under buildings, shall be in accordance with 5704.2.13.1.1 through 5704.2.13.1.5. all of the following: 5704.2.13.1.1 Temporarily out of service. Under- 1. Tanks shall be located with respect to existing ground tanks temporarily out of service shall have foundations and supports such that the loads the fill line, gauge opening, vapor return and pump carried by the latter cannot be transmitted to connection secure against tampering. Vent lines the tank. shall remain open and be maintained in accordance with Sections 5704.2.7.3 and 5704.2.7.4. 2. The distance from any part of a tank storing liquids to the nearest wall of a basement, pit, 5704.2.13.1.2 Out of service for 90 days. Under- cellar or lot line shall be not less than 3 feet ground tanks not used for a period of 90 days shall (914 mm). be safeguarded in accordance with all the following or be removed in accordance with Section 3. A minimum distance of 1 foot (305 mm), shell 5704.2.14: to shell, shall be maintained between under- ground tanks. 1. Flammable or combustible liquids shall be removed from the tank. 5704.2.11.2 Depth and cover. Excavation for under- ground storage tanks shall be made with due care to 2. All piping, including fill line, gauge open- avoid undermining of foundations of existing struc- ing, vapor return and pump connection, tures. Underground tanks shall be set on firm shall be capped or plugged and secured foundations and surrounded with not less than 6 inches from tampering. (152 mm) of noncorrosive inert material, such as clean sand. 3. Vent lines shall remain open and be main- tained in accordance with Sections 5704.2.11.3 Overfill protection and prevention 5704.2.7.3 and 5704.2.7.4. systems. Fill pipes shall be equipped with a spill container and an overfill prevention system in accor- 5704.2.13.1.3 Out of service for one year. Under- dance with NFPA 30. ground tanks that have been out of service for a period of one year shall be removed from the ground 5704.2.11.4 Leak prevention. Leak prevention for in accordance with Section 5704.2.14 or abandoned underground tanks shall comply with Sections in place in accordance with Section 5704.2.13.1.4. 5704.2.11.4.1 and 5704.2.11.4.2. 5704.2.13.1.4 Tanks abandoned in place. Tanks 5704.2.11.4.1 Inventory control. Daily inventory abandoned in place shall be as follows: records for underground storage tank systems shall be maintained. 1. Flammable and combustible liquids shall be removed from the tank and connected 5704.2.11.4.2 Leak detection. Underground stor- piping. age tank systems shall be provided with an approved method of leak detection from any component of the 2. The suction, inlet, gauge, vapor return and system that is designed and installed in accordance vapor lines shall be disconnected. with NFPA 30. 3. The tank shall be filled completely with an 5704.2.11.4.2.1 Location. The leak detection approved inert solid material. panel status shall be annunciated at an approved on-site location. 4. Remaining underground piping shall be capped or plugged. 5704.2.12 Testing. Tank testing shall comply with Sections 5704.2.12.1 and 5704.2.12.2. 5. A record of tank size, location and date of abandonment shall be retained. 5704.2.12.1 Acceptance testing. Prior to being placed into service, tanks shall be tested in accordance with 6. All exterior above-grade fill piping shall Section 21.5 of NFPA 30. be permanently removed when tanks are abandoned or removed. 5704.2.12.2 Testing of underground tanks. Before being covered or placed in use, tanks and piping 5704.2.13.1.5 Reinstallation of underground connected to underground tanks shall be tested for tanks. Tanks that are to be reinstalled for flammable tightness in the presence of the fire code official. or combustible liquid service shall be in accordance Piping shall be tested in accordance with Section with this chapter, ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel 5703.6.3. The system shall not be covered until it has Code (Section VIII), API 1615, UL 58 and UL 1316. been approved. 5704.2.13.2 Above-ground tanks. Above-ground 5704.2.13 Abandonment and status of tanks. Tanks tanks taken out of service shall comply with Sections taken out of service shall be removed in accordance with 5704.2.13.2.1 through 5704.2.13.2.3. Section 5704.2.14, or safeguarded in accordance with Sections 5704.2.13.1 through 5704.2.13.2.3 and API 5704.2.13.2.1 Temporarily out of service. Above- 1604. ground tanks temporarily out of service shall have 57-14 2021 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE® EDUFIRE.IR Telegram: EDUFIRE.IR

FLAMMABLE AND COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS all connecting lines isolated from the tank and be and fire resistance or the equipment shall be replaced or secured against tampering. taken out of service. Exception: In-place fire protection (foam) 5704.3 Container and portable tank storage. Storage of system lines. flammable and combustible liquids in closed containers that do not exceed 60 gallons (227 L) in individual capacity and 5704.2.13.2.2 Out of service for 90 days. Above- portable tanks that do not exceed 660 gallons (2498 L) in ground tanks not used for a period of 90 days shall individual capacity, and limited transfers incidental thereto, be safeguarded in accordance with Section shall comply with Sections 5704.3.1 through 5704.3.8.5. 5704.2.13.1.2 or removed in accordance with Section 5704.2.14. 5704.3.1 Design, construction and capacity of contain- ers and portable tanks. The design, construction and Exceptions: capacity of containers for the storage of Class I, II and IIIA liquids shall be in accordance with this section and 1. Tanks and containers connected to oil Section 9.4 of NFPA 30. burners that are not in use during the warm season of the year or are used as a 5704.3.1.1 Approved containers. Only approved backup heating system to gas. containers and portable tanks shall be used. 2. In-place, active fire protection (foam) 5704.3.2 Liquid storage cabinets. Where other sections system lines. of this code require that liquid containers be stored in storage cabinets, such cabinets and storage shall be in 5704.2.13.2.3 Out of service for one year. Above- accordance with Sections 5704.3.2.1 through 5704.3.2.2. ground tanks that have been out of service for a period of one year shall be removed in accordance 5704.3.2.1 Design and construction of storage cabi- with Section 5704.2.14. nets. Design and construction of liquid storage cabinets shall be in accordance with Sections Exception: Tanks within operating facilities. 5704.3.2.1.1 through 5704.3.2.1.4. 5704.2.14 Removal and disposal of tanks. Removal and 5704.3.2.1.1 Materials. Cabinets shall be listed in disposal of tanks shall comply with Sections 5704.2.14.1 accordance with UL 1275, or constructed of and 5704.2.14.2. approved wood or metal in accordance with the following: 5704.2.14.1 Removal. Removal of above-ground and underground tanks shall be in accordance with all of 1. Unlisted metal cabinets shall be the following: constructed of steel having a thickness of not less than 0.044 inch (1.12 mm) (18 1. Flammable and combustible liquids shall be gage). The cabinet, including the door, removed from the tank and connected piping. shall be double walled with 11/2-inch (38 mm) airspace between the walls. Joints 2. Piping at tank openings that is not to be used shall be riveted or welded and shall be further shall be disconnected. tight fitting. 3. Piping shall be removed from the ground. 2. Unlisted wooden cabinets, including doors, shall be constructed of not less than Exception: Piping is allowed to be aban- 1-inch (25 mm) exterior grade plywood. doned in place where the fire code official Joints shall be rabbeted and shall be determines that removal is not practical. fastened in two directions with wood Abandoned piping shall be capped and safe- screws. Door hinges shall be of steel or guarded as required by the fire code official. brass. Cabinets shall be painted with an intumescent-type paint. 4. Tank openings shall be capped or plugged, leaving a 1/8-inch to 1/4-inch-diameter (3.2 mm 5704.3.2.1.2 Labeling. Cabinets shall be provided to 6.4 mm) opening for pressure equalization. with a conspicuous label in red letters on contrasting background that reads: “FLAMMABLE—KEEP 5. Tanks shall be purged of vapor and inerted FIRE AWAY.” prior to removal. 5704.3.2.1.3 Doors. Doors shall be well fitted, self- 6. All exterior above-grade fill and vent piping closing and equipped with a three-point latch. shall be permanently removed. 5704.3.2.1.4 Bottom. The bottom of the cabinet Exception: Piping associated with bulk shall be liquid tight to a height of not less than 2 plants, terminal facilities and refineries. inches (51 mm). 5704.2.14.2 Disposal. Tanks shall be disposed of in 5704.3.2.2 Capacity. The combined total quantity of accordance with federal, state and local regulations. liquids in a cabinet shall not exceed 120 gallons (454 L). 5704.2.15 Maintenance. Above-ground tanks, connected piping and ancillary equipment shall be maintained in a safe operating condition. Tanks shall be maintained in accordance with their listings. Damage to above-ground tanks, connected piping or ancillary equipment shall be repaired using materials having equal or greater strength 2021 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE® 57-15 EDUFIRE.IR Telegram: EDUFIRE.IR

FLAMMABLE AND COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS 5704.3.3.7 Pile or palletized storage. Solid pile and palletized storage in liquid warehouses shall be 5704.3.3 Indoor storage. Storage of flammable and arranged so that piles are separated from each other by combustible liquids inside buildings in containers and not less than 4 feet (1219 mm). Aisles shall be portable tanks shall be in accordance with Sections provided and arranged so that containers or portable 5704.3.3.1 through 5704.3.3.10. tanks are not more than 20 feet (6096 mm) from an aisle. Main aisles shall be not less than 8 feet (2438 Exceptions: mm) wide. 1. Liquids in the fuel tanks of motor vehicles, 5704.3.3.8 Limited combustible storage. Limited aircraft, boats or portable or stationary engines. quantities of combustible commodities are allowed to be stored in liquid storage areas where the ordinary 2. The storage of distilled spirits and wines in combustibles, other than those used for packaging the wooden barrels or casks. liquids, are separated from the liquids in storage by not less than 8 feet (2438 mm) horizontally, either by open 5704.3.3.1 Portable fire extinguishers. Approved aisles or by open racks, and where protection is portable fire extinguishers shall be provided in accor- provided in accordance with Chapter 9. dance with specific sections of this chapter and Section 906. 5704.3.3.9 Idle combustible pallets. Storage of empty or idle combustible pallets inside an unprotected liquid 5704.3.3.2 Incompatible materials. Materials that storage area shall be limited to a maximum pile size of will react with water or other liquids to produce a 2,500 square feet (232 m2) and to a maximum storage hazard shall not be stored in the same room with flam- height of 6 feet (1829 mm). Storage of empty or idle mable and combustible liquids except where stored in combustible pallets inside a protected liquid storage accordance with Section 5003.9.8. area shall comply with NFPA 13. Pallet storage shall be separated from liquid storage by aisles that are not 5704.3.3.3 Clear means of egress. Storage of any less than 8 feet (2438 mm) wide. liquids, including stock for sale, shall not be stored near or be allowed to obstruct physically the route of 5704.3.3.10 Containers in piles. Containers in piles egress. shall be stacked in such a manner as to provide stabil- ity and to prevent excessive stress on container walls. 5704.3.3.4 Empty containers or portable tank stor- Portable tanks stored more than one tier high shall be age. The storage of empty tanks and containers designed to nest securely, without dunnage. Material- previously used for the storage of flammable or handling equipment shall be suitable to handle combustible liquids, unless free from explosive vapors, containers and tanks safely at the upper tier level. shall be stored as required for filled containers and portable tanks. Portable tanks and containers, when 5704.3.4 Quantity limits for storage. Liquid storage emptied, shall have the covers or plugs immediately quantity limitations shall comply with Sections replaced in openings. 5704.3.4.1 through 5704.3.4.4. 5704.3.3.5 Shelf storage. Shelving shall be of 5704.3.4.1 Maximum allowable quantity per approved construction, adequately braced and control area. For occupancies other than Group M anchored. Seismic requirements shall be in accordance wholesale and retail sales uses, indoor storage of flam- with the International Building Code. mable and combustible liquids shall not exceed the maximum allowable quantities per control area indi- 5704.3.3.5.1 Use of wood. Wood of not less than 1 cated in Table 5003.1.1(1) and shall not exceed the inch (25 mm) nominal thickness is allowed to be additional limitations set forth in this section. used as shelving, racks, dunnage, scuffboards, floor overlay and similar installations. For Group M occupancy wholesale and retail sales uses, indoor storage of flammable and combustible 5704.3.3.5.2 Displacement protection. Shelves liquids shall not exceed the maximum allowable quan- shall be of sufficient depth and provided with a lip tities per control area indicated in Table 5704.3.4.1. or guard to prevent individual containers from being displaced. Storage of hazardous production material flamma- ble and combustible liquids in Group H-5 occupancies Exception: Shelves in storage cabinets or on shall be in accordance with Chapter 27. laboratory furniture specifically designed for such use. 5704.3.4.2 Occupancy quantity limits. The following limits for quantities of stored flammable or combusti- 5704.3.3.5.3 Orderly storage. Shelf storage of ble liquids shall not be exceeded: flammable and combustible liquids shall be main- tained in an orderly manner. 1. Group A occupancies: Quantities in Group A occupancies shall not exceed that necessary for 5704.3.3.6 Rack storage. Where storage on racks is demonstration, treatment, laboratory work, allowed elsewhere in this code, a minimum 4-foot- maintenance purposes and operation of equip- wide (1219 mm) aisle shall be provided between adja- cent rack sections and any adjacent storage of liquids. Main aisles shall be not less than 8 feet (2438 mm) wide. 57-16 2021 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE® EDUFIRE.IR Telegram: EDUFIRE.IR

FLAMMABLE AND COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS TABLE 5704.3.4.1 MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE QUANTITY PER CONTROL AREA OF FLAMMABLE AND COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS IN WHOLESALE AND RETAIL SALES OCCUPANCIESa MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE QUANTITY PER CONTROL AREA (gallons) TYPE OF LIQUID Sprinkleredb in accordance with footnote Sprinklered in accordance with Tables 5704.3.6.3(4) Nonsprinklered densities and arrangements through 5704.3.6.3(8) and Table 5704.3.7.5.1 Class IA 60 60 30 Class IB, IC, II and IIIA 7,500c 15,000c 1,600 Class IIIB Unlimited Unlimited 13,200 For SI: 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 square foot = 0.0929 m2, 1 gallon = 3.785 L, 1 gallon per minute per square foot = 40.75 L/min/m2. a. Control areas shall be separated from each other by not less than a 1-hour fire barrier. b. To be considered as sprinklered, a building shall be equipped throughout with an approved automatic sprinkler system with a design providing minimum densities as follows: 1. For uncartoned commodities on shelves 6 feet or less in height where the ceiling height does not exceed 18 feet, quantities are those allowed with a minimum sprinkler design density of Ordinary Hazard Group 2. 2. For cartoned, palletized or racked commodities where storage is 4 feet 6 inches or less in height and where the ceiling height does not exceed 18 feet, quantities are those allowed with a minimum sprinkler design density of 0.21 gallon per minute per square foot over the most remote 1,500-square- foot area. c. Where wholesale and retail sales or storage areas exceed 50,000 square feet in area, the maximum allowable quantities are allowed to be increased by 2 percent for each 1,000 square feet of area in excess of 50,000 square feet, up to not more than 100 percent of the table amounts. A control area separation is not required. The cumulative amounts, including amounts attained by having an additional control area, shall not exceed 30,000 gallons. ment, and shall not exceed quantities set forth areas shall be in accordance with Section in Table 5003.1.1(1). 5704.3.4.1. 2. Group B occupancies: Quantities in drinking, 7. Group R occupancies: Quantities in Group R dining, office and school uses within Group B occupancies shall not exceed that necessary for occupancies shall not exceed that necessary for maintenance purposes and operation of equip- demonstration, treatment, laboratory work, ment, and shall not exceed quantities set forth maintenance purposes and operation of equip- in Table 5003.1.1(1). ment, and shall not exceed quantities set forth in Table 5003.1.1(1). 8. Group S occupancies: Quantities in dining and office uses within Group S occupancies shall 3. Group E occupancies: Quantities in Group E not exceed that necessary for demonstration, occupancies shall not exceed that necessary for laboratory work, maintenance purposes and demonstration, treatment, laboratory work, operation of equipment, and shall not exceed maintenance purposes and operation of equip- quantities set forth in Table 5003.1.1(1). ment, and shall not exceed quantities set forth in Table 5003.1.1(1). 5704.3.4.3 Quantities exceeding limits for control areas. Quantities exceeding those allowed in control 4. Group F occupancies: Quantities in dining, areas set forth in Section 5704.3.4.1 shall be in liquid office, and school uses within Group F occu- storage rooms or liquid storage warehouses in accor- pancies shall not exceed that necessary for dance with Sections 5704.3.7 and 5704.3.8. demonstration, laboratory work, maintenance purposes and operation of equipment, and shall 5704.3.4.4 Liquids for maintenance and operation not exceed quantities set forth in Table of equipment. In all occupancies, quantities of flam- 5003.1.1(1). mable and combustible liquids in excess of 10 gallons (38 L) used for maintenance purposes and the opera- 5. Group I occupancies: Quantities in Group I tion of equipment shall be stored in liquid storage occupancies shall not exceed that necessary for cabinets in accordance with Section 5704.3.2. Quanti- demonstration, laboratory work, maintenance ties not exceeding 10 gallons (38 L) are allowed to be purposes and operation of equipment, and shall stored outside of a cabinet where in approved contain- not exceed quantities set forth in Table ers located in private garages or other approved 5003.1.1(1). locations. 6. Group M occupancies: Quantities in dining, 5704.3.5 Storage in control areas. Storage of flammable office, and school uses within Group M occu- and combustible liquids in control areas shall be in accor- pancies shall not exceed that necessary for dance with Sections 5704.3.5.1 through 5704.3.5.4. demonstration, laboratory work, maintenance purposes and operation of equipment, and shall 5704.3.5.1 Basement storage. Class I liquids shall be not exceed quantities set forth in Table allowed to be stored in basements in amounts not 5003.1.1(1). The maximum allowable quanti- exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per ties for storage in wholesale and retail sales control area for use-open systems in Table 5003.1.1(1), provided that fire protection systems are 2021 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE® 57-17 EDUFIRE.IR Telegram: EDUFIRE.IR