RTIME 2K20 PROCEEDINGS

VISION OF THE INSTITUTION To be a premier institution ensuring globally competent and ethically strong professionals. MISSION OF THE INSTITUTION M1: To provide higher education by refining the traditional methods of teaching to make globally competent professionals. M2: To impart quality education by providing the state of the art infrastructure and innovative research facilities. M3: To practice and promote high standards of professional ethics, transparency and accountability VISION OF THE DEPARTMENT To be a premier center, in shaping the students as competent mechanical engineers with professional ethics. MISSION OF THE DEPARTMENT MD1: To impart quality education through effective teaching- learning methods. MD2: To prepare the students industry ready, to pursue higher education and research by providing state of the art of Laboratories. MD3: To augment industry interaction and promote entrepreneurial activities with social values. PROGRAM EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES (PEO’S) The Mechanical Engineering Graduates will PEO1: Have sound technical knowledge and capability in using latest Mechanical Engineering Software Tools and Instruments. PEO2: Perform effectively as an Individual and Team member to execute the tasks with Multidisciplinary skills. PEO3: Have the capability to pursue Higher Education, Research and succeed as an Entrepreneur with Ethical and Societal Consciousness. PROGRAM SPECIFIC OUTCOMES (PSOs) PSO1: To use computer Aided Design tools effectively for the design and analysis of mechanical engineering applications. PSO2: To adopt and integrate advanced technologies in Manufacturing to serve current industrial needs.

Proceedings of RTIME-2K20 4th National Conference on Recent Trends & Innovations in Mechanical Engineering (24th -25th July,2020) Convener Dr. G. Janardhana Raju Dean, School of Engineering & HoD-MED, Organizing Secretary Mr.A.Venkata Vishnu I/C-HoD-MED Organized by DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING NALLA NARASIMHA REDDY EDUCATION SOCIETY’S GROUP OF INSTITUTIONS (Affiliated to J.N.T.U.H, Approved By AICTE, New Delhi, Accredited by NBA & NAAC) Chowdariguda (V), Korremula X-Road, Ghatkeshar (M) Medchal (D), Hyderabad, Telangana.-500088.

© RTIME-2K20 All rights reserved. No part of the material protected by this copyright notice may be produced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system, without the prior written permission from the copyright owner. However, permission is not required to copy abstract of papers on condition that a full reference to the source is given. ISBN: 978-93-5268-241-6 Disclaimer The opinions expressed and figures provided in this proceedings of RTIME-2K20 are the sole responsibility of the authors. The organizers and the editor bear no responsibility in this regard. Any and all such responsibilities are disclaimed. Published and printed by Nalla Narasimha Reddy Education Society’s Group of Institutions, Chodariguda(v), Koremulla’X’road, Ghatkesar(M), Medchal(D), Telangana-500088. Email: [email protected] Tel: +91- 9885294437

Shri Nalla Narasimha Reddy Chairman Nalla Narasimha Reddy Education Society’s Group of Institutions MESSAGE It gives me immense pleasure that the Department of Mechanical Engineering of Nalla Narasimha Reddy Education Society’s Group of Institutions is organizing 4th National Conference on “Recent Trends & Innovations in Mechanical Engineering (RTIME-2K20)” on 24th & 25th July, 2020 in our Institution. I am sure that the interactions among the participants will have productive outcome to acquaint with latest knowledge and also to share their innovative ideas in the field of Mechanical Engineering. I am confident that the deliberation of the conference would be intellectually stimulating and beneficial to all the participants. I am very much delighted to express my happiness that the Department of Mechanical Engineering is enlightening the academicians, scientists, researchers and industry people to improve their research skills and bring out the hidden talent through this conference. I convey my best wishes to all the members of organizing committee for their best efforts to make the conference a grand success.

Dr. C.V. Krishna Reddy Director Nalla Narasimha Reddy Education Society’s Group of Institutions MESSAGE I am happy that the Department of Mechanical Engineering of Nalla Narasimha Reddy Group of Institutions is organizing 4th National Conference on “Recent Trends & Innovations in Mechanical Engineering (RTIME-2K20)” on 24th & 25th July, 2020 in the institution. I am very happy to know that papers have been received from various institutions across the nation and I extend my heartiest congratulations to all the participants, who have shown their zeal to participate in the National Conference. It is very much inspirational to perceive the high dynamic interactions, which are going to develop from the exciting young men and women in the form of paper presentations. Undoubtedly, this National Conference will provide a unique opportunity to discuss and aware of the recent developments in Mechanical Engineering during the deliberations. My best wishes to all the members who are involved in conducting this event successfully. I also express my whole hearted congratulations to all faculty, staff and students on this wonderful occasion. I wish the Conference to be a grand success.

Dr. G. Janardhana Raju Convener - RTIME-2K20, Dean, School of Engineering Professor & HoD-ME, Nalla Narasimha Reddy Education Society’s Group of Institutions. MESSAGE I take this opportunity to welcome you all to the proceedings of the 4th National Conference on Recent Trends & Innovations in Mechanical Engineering - RTIME-2K20, being organized during 24th & 25th July, 2020. The intension of organizing this conference is to bring the researchers, faculty, students and industrial professionals across the nation under one roof to share their research findings and experiences for the mutual benefit. It will be an ideal platform to discuss and aware of the Recent Trends & Innovations in Mechanical Engineering. The conference will feature regular paper presentation sessions, key note addresses and panel discussions. On behalf of the Organizing Committee, I thank to my esteemed authors for having shown confidence on us and considered RTIME-2K20 is a platform to showcase and share their research work. I would like to thank our Hon’ble Chairman, Sri Nalla Narasimha Reddy garu, who is a great visionary and always a constant source of inspiration for the young generation and given me this noble opportunity to conduct a National conference RTIME - 2K20 at Nalla Narasimha Reddy Education Society’s Group of Institutions, Hyderabad. My sincere thanks to our honorable Director Dr. C. V. Krishna Reddy garu for his continuous guidance and support to make this event grand success. I wish to express my gratitude to the focused and dedicated team of Co-Conveners, members of the Advisory committee, Organizing committee, Technical, Review & Publication Committee, Publicity Committee, Anchoring Committee and all other members involved directly or indirectly for their relentless efforts to make this conference successful. I also take this opportunity to thank Ministry of Human Resource & Development and Raja Rammohan Roy National Agency for immediate response and allocation of ISBN to RTIME-2K20 Conference Proceedings. Finally, I am thankful to one and all, who have contributed directly or indirectly in making this conference a great success. Last but not the least; I take the opportunity to thank all the members involved in successfully bringing out conference proceedings.

Chief Patron Shri Nalla Narasimha Reddy Chairman Nalla Narasimha Reddy Education Society’s Group of Institutions Patron Dr. C.V Krishna Reddy Director Nalla Narasimha Reddy Education Society’s Group of Institutions Convener Dr.G.Janardhana Raju Dean School of Engineering & Professor and Head, MED Nalla Narasimha Reddy Education Society’s Group of Institutions Dr. S. Surendarnath Co - Conveners Mr.G.G.Naidu Assoc. Professor, MED Assoc. Professor, MED Mr.K.Suresh Kumar SOE, NNRG Assoc. Professor, MED SOE, NNRG SOE, NNRG Organizing Secretary Mr.A.Venkata Vishnu Assoc. Professor, I/C-HoD, MED SOE, NNRG Faculty Coordinators  Mr. Mallikarjun B K, Asst.Professor  Mr. Ashok, Asst.Professor  Mr. T. Pavan Kumar, Assoc. Professor  Mr.J.Kumar Chandra, Asst.Professor  Mr. P. Srinivas, Assoc. Professor  Ms.M.Poojitha, Asst.Professor  Mr. L Sunil Kumar, Assoc.Professor  Mr. T.Krishna, Asst.Professor  Ms. Swetha T, Asst.Professor  Mr. G. Gopi, Asst.Professor  Mr. Telkar Mahesh, Asst.Professor  Mr..N.Chandra Kanth, Asst.Professor  Mr.Y.Narsareddy, Asst.Professor  Mr.G Kiran Kumar, Asst.Professor

Advisory Committee  Dr. M. Manzoor Hussian, Registrar, JNTUH.  Dr. B. Sudheer Prem Kumar, Secretary, APSCHE, AP.  Dr. G. Ranga Janardhan, Professor, ME, JNTUA.  Dr. A V S S K S Gupta, Professor, ME, JNTUH.  Dr. P. Anil Kumar, Scientist - F, RCI, Hyderabad.  Dr. A. Kumar, Professor, NIT, Warangal, Telangana.  Dr. N. Suresh Kumar Reddy, Assoc. Prof., BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus.  Dr. G. Jayachandra Reddy, Principal, Yogi Vemana University Engineering College. A.P.  Dr. Y. Hari Prasad Reddy, Principal, College of Engineering. Rayalaseema University  Dr. Narsimhulu Sanke, Professor, MED, OU, Hyderabad, Telangana  Dr. P. Venkata Ramaiah, Prof. of ME, SV University, Tirupati, AP.  Dr. J. Sarojini, Assoc. Prof., MED, GITAM University, Vizag, A.P.  Dr. C. S. Rao, Director, St Ann’s College of Engineering & Technology, Chirala, AP  Dr. G. Venkata Subbaiah, Professor, AED, MVSR Engg. College, Hyderabad., T.S.  Dr. P. Jamaleshwara Kumar, Assoc.Prof.,Raghu Engg. College,Vizag, AP.  Dr. A. Jawahar Babu, Prof. MED, Gudla Valleru Engg. College, Gudivada, A.P.  Dr. K. Srinivasulu Reddy, Prof. of MED, SNIST, Hyderabad.

4TH NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON RECENT TRENDS & INNOVATIONS IN MECHANICAL ENGINEERING (RTIME-2K20) 24th & 25th JULY 2020 CHIEF GUEST & KEY NOTE SPEAKER Dr. Adepu Kumar, Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, NIT Warangal, Telangana. Dr. Adepu Kumar completed his Diploma in Mechanical Engineering from Govt. Polytechnic Warangal in the year 1991 and B.Tech. (Mechanical-3YDC) from Kakatiya Institute of Technology & Science, Warangal in the year 1995, and M. Tech. (Production Engg.) from S.V. University, Tirupati. He did his Ph.D. from Osmania University in the year 2008. Dr. Kumar has more than 20 years of teaching experience and 16 years of research experience. His research areas are: Additive Manufacturing, Friction Stir Welding/Processing, Modelling of Friction Stir Welding process, Fabrication of Composites by Casting Processes and Electrical Discharge Machining of Titanium and Super Alloys. He has guided 12 Ph.D.’s and 6 are under progress. Sir has to his credit of publishing 95 papers in highly reputed International Journals. He has completed four projects worth of 50 lakhs. He also has to his credit of presently handling two International projects (India-Belarus) on investigation of interfacial interaction and grain structure development in friction stir welds for dissimilar joining of high strength Aluminium to Titanium alloys & another International project (India-Bulgaria Bilateral Scientific and Technological Cooperation Result of India-Bulgaria Joint Research Projects 2018) on Processing and Characterization of hybrid non-equilibrium composites fabricated by friction Stir Processing (FSP) Key Note Topic: Non Beam Based Additive Manufacturing

PROGRAM SCHEDULE Date: 24th July 2020 Time Program 10.45 AM-11.45 AM Inauguration, Followed by Keynote Lecture by Dr. Adepu Kumar, Professor, NIT Warangal on 11.45 AM - 1.30 PM Session I 01.30 PM - 02.00 PM Lunch 2.00 PM-3.30PM Session II Time Date: 25th July 2020 09.30 AM 12.30PM Program Session III 12.30 PM-01.00 PM RTIME-2K20 -Valedictory 4TH NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON RECENT TRENDS & INNOVATIONS IN MECHANICAL ENGINEERING (RTIME-2K20)

SESSION I- LIST OF PAPERS Date: 24th July 2020 & TIME-11.45 AM - 1.30 PM Name of the Host & Incahrge: G.G.Naidu-Mobile No. 9885237739 S.NO PAPER ID PAPER TITLE PAPER AFFILIATION AUTHORS 1 RT-2001 Investigation of Flexural Ch.Karunakar, Mechanical Engineering and Tensile Properties of K.Kishor Kumar, Department Zeenath Khathoon Kenaf and Glass Fiber KITS-Warangal Reinforced Composites Warangal, INDIA Microstructure Study of Al MANJUNATHA C SHA-SHIB COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, 2 RT-2002 2219-Si3N4 Metal Matrix J, DR.B.VENKATA VTU, Composites NARAYANA CHICKBALLAPUR Department of Mechanical 3 RT-2006 Development of Compact Dharmik Parmar, Engineering Sweeping and Mopping Sachindra Doshi, Government Engineering Tushar Vaghela, Robot Yagnik Rathod, College, Bhavnagar Gujarat Technological Nizar Vasaya University, Ahmedabad Bhavnagar, Gujarat, India 4 RT-2007 DESIGN AND V.GURU Department of Mechanical ANALYSIS OF A SMALL SHANKER, G.SAI Engineering, Vignan SCALE HELICAL WIND TEJA, P.VIVEK, TURBINE FOR STREET Institute of Technology P.VISHNU SAI and Science, Hyderabad, LIGHTS Telangana, India 5 RT-2009 A Paper on: Enhancement Sumit Joshi Asst. Prof. EE, VIET, of Solar Energy in India Jodhpur 4TH NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON RECENT TRENDS & INNOVATIONS IN MECHANICAL ENGINEERING (RTIME-2K20)

Dept. of Mechanical, 6 RT-2019 STUDY OF CNC PIPE K. Lakshmi kanth, Siddhartha Institute of BENDING MACHINE P. Praveen Kumar Engineering and Reddy Technology, Telangana, India 7 RT-2022 Performance Analysis on Kaleru Aparna, Department of Mechanical Rate of Heat Transfer for Chintireddy Sharath Engineering Shell and Tube Heat Reddy JNTUH College of Exchanger by Increasing Engineering Sultanpur Sangareddy, Telangana, Number of Tubes in Parallel & Counter Flow India 8 RT-2024 Study on chemical D.B. Jani GEC, Dahod, Gujarat dehumidification and Technology University cooling GTU, Ahmedabad Static analysis of front axle Pathan Tausif H, GEC, Dahod, Gujarat 9 RT-2025 by changing geometry and D.B. Jani, Technology University materials Kiran Bhabhor GTU, Ahmedabad Taguchi based SAW 10 RT-2030 methodto optimize the K.Srinivasulu Sreenidhi Institute of operating parameters of Reddy, Science & Technology, wire cut Electric Discharge Machine on Al 7075-T6 G.Janardhana Raju Hyderabad, India alloy 11 RT-2037 INVESTIGATION OF Dr.K.Harinarayana Professor, Department of PROCESS Mechanical Engineering PARAMETERS FOR THE CMR Engineering WELDABILITY OF THE College, Kadlakoya (V), MATERIAL Medchal Road, Hyderabad 501401 12 RT-2038 AN EFFECT OF COVID- Mr K. Madhu Babu, Megha Institute of 19 IN INDIA DURING Mohd Abdul Hafeez Engineering and THE INITIAL Technology for Women LOCKDOWN PERIOD - Medchal, Telangana A STATISTICAL STUDY 4TH NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON RECENT TRENDS & INNOVATIONS IN MECHANICAL ENGINEERING (RTIME-2K20)

SESSION II- LIST OF PAPERS Date: 24th July 2020 & TIME-2.00 PM-3.30PM Name of the Host & Incahrge: J.Kumar Chandra-Mobile No. 8179210607 S.NO PAPER PAPER TITLE PAPER AUTHORS AFFILIATION 1 ID 2 EXPERIMENTAL G.GURUVAIAH NAIDU, NNRG, HYD 3 RT-2026 INVESTIGATIONS NARAGONI NNRG, HYD 4 NNRG, HYD RT-2011 ON CO2 LASER THULASIRAM, NNRG, HYD DISSIMILAR BUTT KANDULA RUGENDER, RT-2003 WELDED JOINTS DHARAMSOTH VEERU, RT-2012 DESIGN AND VALLURI MAHESH, FABRICATION OF YERVA CHANDRA MONO BIKE VAMSHI SWETHA, OPTIMIZATION OF PAVAN KALYAN, PROCESS YAKUB SHAREEF, LAXMAN, MUKESH, PARAMATERS IN DEEKSHITH SAI MACHINING OF EN353 ALLOY STEEL A.VENKATA VISHNU, UNDER DIFFERENT A. NANDEEP REDDY LUBRICATION C. MEGASHYAM, CONDITIONS Md. ASIF PASHA N. RAGHUVEER STUDY OF N. SIDDHARTHA REDDY WELDING CHARACTERISTICS J. KUMAR CHANDRA, ON DISSIMILAR A.VENKATA VISHNU METALS USING TIG K. ABHIRAMVANJARI WELDING K. ABHISHEK REDDY K. MANIKANTA M.PRUDHVI NALLAVINAY REDDY 4TH NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON RECENT TRENDS & INNOVATIONS IN MECHANICAL ENGINEERING (RTIME-2K20)

5 RT-2034 IMPROVEMENT OF SURESH KONDA, NNRG, HYD COOLING EFFECT SATEESH NALLAPU, ON IC ENGINE AT D SREEMANNARAYANA HIGH AMBIENCE REDDY, RANGENENI TEMPERATURES DEEPAK, MUDIGIRI SHANMUKHA EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION G KIRAN KUMAR, AND ANALYSIS OF J. NIKHILESH, 6 RT-2008 PROCESS P B V N SAIKRISHNA, NNRG, HYD PARAMETERS IN B RICKY PUSHPAK, EDM DRILLING P KURUMURTHY, WITH NICKEL SAKI SAIKRISHNA ALLOY 7 RT-2010 DESIGN AND P.SRINIVAS, NNRG, HYD ANALYSIS OF M.POOJITHA, EXPANDABLE MOHAMMED MINHAJ UDDI, SHAIK ZAFFAR WHEEL IBRANI 4TH NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON RECENT TRENDS & INNOVATIONS IN MECHANICAL ENGINEERING (RTIME-2K20)

SESSION III- LIST OF PAPERS Date: 25th July 2020 & TIME-09.30 AM 12.30PM Name of the Host & Incahrge: G.G.Naidu-Mobile No. 9885237739 S.NO PAPER ID PAPER TITLE PAPER AUTHORS AFFILIATION 1 RT-2031 EXPERIMENTAL Y.NARSA REDDY, NNRG, HYD INVESTIGATION-IN A.VENKATA VISHNU, TURNING OF STEEL B.KALYAN KUMAR, ALLOY USING B.SAI TEJA, NANO BASED D.BHARATH KUMAR, FLUIDS G.SAI KUMAR, M.KRUPAL EXPERIMENTAL T.Krishna, A.Eshwar STUDY ON Sathwik, D.Anvesh Kumar, 2 RT-2032 MECHANICAL D.Ganesh, G.Aravind NNRG, HYD PROPERTIES OF Kumar, G.Govardhan FIBRE EPOXY RESIN Reddy 3 RT-2028 Experimental Study on L. Sunil Kumar, Gaddam NNRG, HYD Butt Welding of SS 321 Akash, Bhukya Ganapathi, Using CO2 Laser Beam Bhukya Sampath, Sriramoji Manoj Kumar Dr. S.Surendranadh, Design and Analysis of Enugala Sadhgun, 4 RT-2027 Wind Turbine Blade B Naga Krishna Goud, NNRG, HYD using Finite Element Beedani Harish, Method B Venkateshwarlu, A Srikanth 5 RT-2033 DESIGN & Mallikarjun B Koujalagi, J NNRG, HYD FABRICATION OF A Sai Krishna, Jammu Anu Naga Chandra Krishna Teja, PROTOTYPE INDUSTRIAL Janga Naveen Reddy, ROBOTIC ARM Kirtiranjan Mohanty, K Shyam Sunder 4TH NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON RECENT TRENDS & INNOVATIONS IN MECHANICAL ENGINEERING (RTIME-2K20)

Review on Design of Rangineni Deepak Rao, 6 RT-2029 Radiator in I.C. Engine Jammu Anu Naga Chandra NNRG, HYD Cooling System for Krishna Teja, L.Sunil Maximizing Efficiency Kumar DESIGN AND P.SRINIVAS, FABRICATION 7 RT-2039 OFTRANSMISSION K. Saikumar, NNRG, HYD SYSTEM IN MONO T.V.N Tarun Krishna BIKE Department of Effect of Span Length Mechanical on Flexural Strength of 8 RT-2040 Glass Fibre Reinforced K. Chandra Shekar, K. Engineering, Dinesh, N.C.Vishnu Tapan, Vignan Institute Composite of Technology G. Yadagiri and Science, Deshmukhi, Hyderabad Department of Hybrid multi-criteria Mechanical decision-making model Dr.Karuna Kumar .G, Dr. Engineering Gudlavalleru 9 RT-2041 for Reclaimer Selection B. Karuna Kumar, Dr.K Engineering in Green Supply Chain Syam Sundar College Management Gudlavalleru, India Research Scholar, HIGHER LEVEL Department of EQUIPMENT AND B.SAI VENKATA Mechanical 10 RT-2042 POLISH OUTLOOK KRISHNA,Dr.S.CHAKRA Engineering. FOR GAS TURBINE DHAR GOUD Shri APPLICATIONS Jagdishprasad Jhabarmal Tibrewala University, Rajasthan 4TH NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON RECENT TRENDS & INNOVATIONS IN MECHANICAL ENGINEERING (RTIME-2K20)

11 RT-2043 Experimental Study of B.SAI VENKATA Megha Institute Liquid Penetrant Test KRISHNA, PRIYANKA of Engineering SHASTRI,PRATHYAKSH and Technology in Non Destructive Evaluation A for Women RAVINDER,PAVITHRA.B Hyderabad ,SAMYUKTHA,APARNA Associate Prof, Department of Study of Mechanical Satish Kumar.B , Mechanical 12 RT-2045 Behavior of the Metal Janardhana Raju.G, Engineering, Matrix Composites Vignana Bharathi Institute of Technology, Hyderabad Dr.G. JANARDHANA AUTOMATIC FIRE RAJU PANDRALA SAI 13 RT-2047 EXTINGUISHER KALYAN JIBIN NNRG, HYD USED IN VEHICLES ABRAHAM PODUPATI VISHAL Multi criteria Department of optimization of process Mechanical parameters using B.Singaravel, Engineering 14 RT-2048 Taguchi based utility K.Chandra Shekar S.Deva Vignan Institute concept coupled with Prasad of Technology analytic hierarchy N.Venkateshwaralu and Science process in Turning Hyderabad, process India 4TH NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON RECENT TRENDS & INNOVATIONS IN MECHANICAL ENGINEERING (RTIME-2K20)

CONTENTS S.No Title Page No 1 Investigation of Flexural and Tensile Properties of Kenaf and Glass Fiber Reinforced 1 Composites Ch.Karunakar, K.Kishor Kumar, Zeenath Khathoon 2 Microstructure Study of Al 2219-Si3N4 Metal Matrix Composites 6 Manjunatha C J, Dr.B.Venkata Narayana 3 Optimization of Process Paramaters In Machining of En353 Alloy Steel Under Different 10 Lubrication Conditions A.Venkata Vishnu, A. Nandeep Reddy C. Megashyam, Md. Asif Pasha, N. Raghuveer, N. Siddhartha Reddy 4 Machinability of Alloy Steels- A Review 17 A.Venkata Vishnu, G. G. Naidu 5 Thermal Properties of Phragmites Australis Fiber Reinforced Polyester Composites 22 G.Gopi, K H V L Srinivas 6 Development of Compact Sweeping and Mopping Robot 26 Dharmik Parmar, Sachindra Doshi, Tushar Vaghela, Yagnik Rathod, Nizar Vasaya 7 Design and Analysis of A Small Scale Helical Wind Turbine For Street Lights 31 V.Guru Shanker, G.Sai Teja, P.Vivek, P.Vishnu Sai 8 Experimental Investigation and Analysis of Process Parameters in EDM Drilling with Nickel 36 Alloy G Kiran Kumar, J. Nikhilesh, P B V N Saikrishna, B Ricky Pushpak, P Kurumurthy, S Saikrishna 9 A Paper on: Enhancement of Solar Energy in India 41 Sumit Joshi 10 Design and Analysis of Expandable Wheel 44 P.Srinivas, M.Poojitha, Mohammed Minhaj Uddi, Shaik Zaffar Ibrani 11 Design and Fabrication of Mono bike 50 Swetha,Pavan Kalyan, Yakub Shareef, Laxman, Mukesh, Deekshith Sai 12 Study of Welding Characteristics on Dissimilar Metals Using Tig Welding 58 J. Kumar Chandra, A.Venkata Vishnu, K. Abhiramvanjari, K. Abhishek Reddy, K. Manikanta M.Prudhvi, Nallavinay Reddy 13 Design and Analysis of Expandable Wheel 64 P. Srinivas, S. Mahesh 14 Design and Fabrication of Lifting Mechanism 70 T. Mahesh, K. Balachander , K. Rohit Reddy, I. Tharun Reddy 15 Experimental Study on Deep Drawing of 5 Mm & 3mm Thickness Steel Blank 77 T. Mahesh , K. Anand Kumar 16 Simulation of Thermal stress of SS316 using ANSYS 84 Harinadh V

17 Fabrication of Wood Cutting Powered Hack Saw Using Renewable (Solar) Energy, 88 Rechargeable Battery, D.C. Motor And Slider Crank Mechanism N.Chandra Kanth, K.Manoj Kumar, A.Nirmal Sai 18 Consideration of Material changes in Enhancement to get Unique Solutions in Screw Jack- 93 Screw T. Mahesh, Lakshmigalla Sunil Kumar 19 Study of CNC Pipe Bending Machine 97 K. Lakshmi kanth, P. Praveen Kumar Reddy 20 Fabrication, Testing and Calibration of Two Directional Force Sensor 102 G.Kirankumar 21 Thermal Analysis To Estimate Heat Transfer From Heat Sink By Natural Convection 107 Through Closed Enclosure Poojitha Madupu, T.Swetha, N.Chandra Kanth 22 Performance Analysis on Rate of Heat Transfer for Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger by 112 Increasing Number of Tubes in Parallel & Counter Flow Kaleru Aparna, Chintireddy Sharath Reddy 23 Design And Fabrication of Belt Conveyor System For Weight 121 T. Mahesh, V.Naresh 24 Study on Chemical Dehumidification and Cooling 127 D.B. Jani 25 Static Analysis of Front Axle By Changing Geometry and Materials 132 Pathan Tausif H, D.B. Jani, Kiran Bhabhor 26 Experimental Investigations on CO2 Laser Dissimilar Butt Welded Joints 141 G.Guruvaiah Naidu, N Thulasiram, K Rugender, D Veeru, V Mahesh, Yerva Chandra Vamshi 27 Design and Analysis of Wind Turbine Blade Using Finite Element Method 148 Dr. S.Surendranadh, E Sadhgun, B Naga Krishna Goud, B Harish, B Venkateshwarlu, A Srikanth 28 Experimental Study on Butt Welding of SS 321 Using CO2 Laser Beam 156 L. Sunil Kumar, Gaddam Akash, Bhukya Ganapathi, Bhukya Sampath, Sriramoji Manoj Kumar 29 Review on Design of Radiator in I.C. Engine Cooling System for Maximizing Efficiency 162 Rangineni Deepak Rao, Jammu Anu Naga Chandra Krishna Teja, L.Sunil Kumar 30 Taguchi based SAW method to optimize the operating parameters of wire cut Electric 168 Discharge Machine on Al 7075-T6 alloy K.Srinivasulu Reddy, G.Janardhana Raju 31 Experimental Investigation-In Turning of Steel Alloy Using Nano Based Fluids 175 Y.Narsa Reddy, A.Venkata Vishnu, B.Kalyan Kumar, B.Sai Teja, D.Bharath Kumar, G.Sai Kumar, M.Krupal 32 Experimental Study On Mechanical Properties Of Fibre Epoxy Resin 182 T.Krishna, A.Eshwar Sathwik, D.Anvesh Kumar, D.Ganesh, G.Aravind Kumar, G.Govardhan Reddy 33 Design & Fabrication of A Prototype Industrial Robotic Arm 192 Mallikarjun B Koujalagi, J Sai Krishna, Jammu Anu Naga Chandra Krishna Teja, Janga Naveen Reddy, Kirtiranjan Mohanty, K Shyam Sunder

34 Improvement of Cooling Effect On IC Engine At High Ambience Temperatures 201 Suresh Konda, Sateesh Nallapu, D Sreemannarayana Reddy, Rangeneni Deepak, Mudigiri Shanmukha 35 Fabrication of Light Weight Car 205 B.Naveen, G.Guruvaiah Naidu, A.Venkata Vishnu 36 CFD Simulation of Down Drought Biomass Gasifier 213 R.Ravi kumar, K.Suresh Kumar 37 Investigation of Process Parameters For The Weldability of The Material 219 Dr.K.Harinarayana 38 An Effect Of Covid-19 In India During The Initial Lockdown Period - A Statistical Study 223 Mr K. Madhu Babu, Mohd Abdul Hafeez 39 Design And Fabrication of transmission System In Mono Bike 230 P.Srinivas, K. Saikumar, T V N Tarun Krishna 40 Effect of Span Length on Flexural Strength of Glass Fibre Reinforced Composite 237 K. Chandra Shekar, K. Dinesh, N.C.Vishnu Tapan, G. Yadagiri 41 Hybrid multi-criteria decision-making model for Reclaimer Selection in Green Supply Chain 244 Management Dr.Karuna Kumar .G, Dr. B. Karuna Kumar, Dr.K Syam Sundar 42 Higher Level Equipment And Polish Outlook For Gas Turbine Applications 250 B.Sai Venkata Krishna, Dr.S.Chakradhar Goud 43 Experimental Study of Liquid Penetrant Test in Non Destructive Evaluation 258 B.Sai Venkata Krishna, Priyanka Shastri,Prathyaksha Ravinder,Pavithra.B,Samyuktha,Aparna 44 Study And Analysis Of Different Types of Weldings 263 L. Sunil Kumar, A.Omnath 45 Study of Mechanical Behavior of the Metal Matrix Composites 273 Satish Kumar.B , Janardhana Raju.G, 46 Experimental Investigation of a Magnetic Fuel Ionization Method in a DI Diesel Engine to 282 Improve the Performance and Emissions Dr. A. Raj Kumar, Dr. G. Janardhana Raju 47 Automatic Fire Extinguisher Used in Vehicles 288 Dr.G. Janardhana Raju, P Sai Kalyan, Jibin Abraham, P Vishal 48 Multi criteria optimization of process parameters using Taguchi based utility concept 295 coupled with analytic hierarchy process in Turning process B.Singaravel, K.Chandra Shekar, S.Deva Prasad, N.Venkateshwaralu 49 Investigation of The Effect of Additives on The Impact Test of GFRP Composites 304 P Vinod

Proceedings of RTIME-2K20 4th National Conference on Recent Trends & Innovations in M24ecthha&ni2c5althEnJugliyn,ee2r0in2g0 Investigation of Flexural and Tensile Properties of Kenaf and Glass Fiber Reinforced Composites CH.KARUNAKAR K.KISHOR KUMAR ZEENATH KHATHOON Assistant Professor Assistant Professor Student Mechanical Engineering Mechanical Engineering Mechanical Engineering Department Department Department KITS-Warangal KITS-Warangal KITS-Warangal Warangal, INDIA [email protected] Warangal, INDIA Warangal, INDIA [email protected] [email protected] Abstract Now-a-days world is focusing on progress. Natural fibers have already established a alternative material sources that are bio- track record as simple filler material in automobile degradable in nature. Natural fibers are emerged parts. Natural fibers like sisal, jute, coir, oil palm fiber as potential reinforcement material which gains have all been proved to be good reinforcement in the attention of many researches. Because it offers thermo set and thermoplastic matrices established a low density, low cost, bio-degradable and high track record as simple filler material in automobile mechanical properties. Aim of this paper is parts. Natural fibers like sisal, jute, coir, oil palm fiber fabrication of hybrid type natural fiber and glass have all been proved to be good reinforcement in fiber composite and evaluation of mechanical thermoset and thermoplastic matrices. properties. The fabrication of composites involves mixing of natural fiber and glass fiber with resin These natural Fibers obtained from various at different volume fractions by hand-layup resources are able to impart the polymer composite process and pressure is applied at room materials with various benefits such as no health temperature. The specimens were prepared asper hazards, low price, relatively high specific strength, ASTM standards and evaluated various low density, light weight, less machine wear than that Mechanical Properties such as Tensile and produced by mineral reinforcements, and a high Flexural Strength. The tensile strength is degree of flexibility as compared to their synthetic increased with increase in fiber length and no. of counterparts. It has been observed that mechanical layers. properties of the polymer matrices are improved to a Key words: Hybrid fibre composites, flexural significant extent when natural fibers are incorporated properties, tensile properties. in this matrix. Natural fibers are considered as potential replacement for man-made fibers in I. INTRODUCTION composite materials. Although natural fibers have advantages of being low cost and low density, they Life can be attributed to the advances taking place in are not totally free of problems. A serious problem of materials and technologies in various fields. It is a fact natural fibers is their strong polar character which that any technological development has its impact on creates incompatibility with most polymer matrices. the biodiversity. Land, water and air are being polluted Surface treatments, although having negative impact without concern for the flora and faura resulting in on economics, are potentially able to overcome the extinction of various living species. Global warming problem of incompatibility. Chemical treatments can increase the interface adhesion between the fiber and exploitation of the gifts of nature for his comfort and matrix, and decrease the water absorption of fibers. conveniences. To help our future generations in Therefore, chemical treatments can be considered in sustaining the hardships of life, it is our responsibility modifying the properties of natural fibers [1]. Two to contribute for preserving the nature as the safe types of natural fibers, namely kenaf and rice husk abode for human existence. It can be done by adopting were utilized to prepare PLA composites and their policies for development and application of materials mechanical, thermal and biodegradability properties and technologies that cause least damage to the of kenaf composite shows better mechanical environment. The earlier concept of producing things properties compare to rice husk composite.. From the that are rare, exotic and for trade gains has altogether results of biodegradability, it was found that addition changed towards preserving or enhancing the of natural fibers slightly improve biodegradability of environment and life processes. Such concepts are now PLA and kenaf has more significant effect on the termed as sustainable, eco-friendly or green biodegradation rate, which exhibits better technologies. Environmental considerations are of performances than rice husk [2]. Most of Asian prime importance in the development of any countries are surrounded by high humidity. Based on technology or product. Sustainability is the keyword the above fact, the humidity effect on composite ISBN: 978-93-5268-241-6 1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, NNRG.

Proceedings of RTIME-2K20 4th National Conference on Recent Trends & Innovations in M24ecthha&ni2c5althEnJugliyn,ee2r0in2g0 materials should be investigated by the many C. FIBER GLASS researchers to ensure the composite materials can be Fiberglass refers to a group of products made from used safely in humid environment. Historically, all individual glass fibers made into a variety of forms. It types of polymer composites were absorbed moisture is used as a reinforcing agent for many polymer when immersed in water or in humid environment. products; the resulting composite material is properly known as fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) or glass- The natural fiber composites are also able to absorb reinforced plastic (GRP). The basic raw materials for moisture. It is because of the hydrophilic nature of the fiberglass products are a variety of natural minerals fiber that is very sensitive towards water absorption, and manufactured chemicals. causing instability in the properties. The moisture penetrates into the micro gaps between polymer D. PLANT DETAILS: chains of composites material [3]. The other common In this work the kenaf plant is used and its botanical mechanisms are capillary transport into the gaps and name is Hibiscus cannabinus and belongs to the Malvacea family as shown in Fig.1. It has close flaws at the interfaces between fibres and polymer, association with the other natural fibres like jute and because of incomplete wettability and impregnation; cotton fibre, by showing of similar characteristics. It and transport by micro cracks (formed during the is an annual growing up to a length of 1.5- 3.5 m tall with a woody base and the approximately the compounding process) in the matrix. As Mechanical diameter of the stems are 1 to 2 cm, often but not properties like tensile strength and flexural properties always branched. In the kenaf plant the bast (bark) and core (wood) are the main sources of kenaf fibre. can be increased linearly in a kenaf reinforced PLA The bast constitutes 40% of the kenaf plant and it is composite and this fiber is chosen as with a suitable for characterization of the mechanical combination of glass fiber [4]. Short (untreated) properties. Kenaf fibre reinforced composites shows superior mechanical properties due to the kenaf has a natural fiber reinforced hybrid composites had been single, straight and branchless stalk [7]. successfully prepared by using 6mm, 8mm,12mm Short (untreated) fibers of kenaf and glass fibers as Fig.1- Kenaf, plants reinforcement with Isopthalic resin as the matrix III. EXTRACTION OF FIBER material. Test results it can be concluded that a maximum tensile strength in Short (untreated) kenaf fibers is 36.78MPa for 6mm Fibers and minimum is 18.60 MPa for 12mm fibers [5]. The objective of this study is to compare the mechanical properties such as tensile stress and flexural stress of Kenaf (treated fiber), Glass fiber Hybrid reinforced polyester composite prepared with two different fiber lengths (8mm and 10mm). The mechanical properties of the specimen after the will be analyzed and discussed. II. MATERIALS Kenaf plants are observed in the forest near Mahabubabad of Warangal district in Telangana. The The composite laminas are made of polyester resin, Fibers are extracted by a process known as retting. fiber glass, short (treated) fiber of kenaf with different combinations. The material properties are A. RETTING: mentioned below Water retting process is used to collect the fibers A.POLYESTER RESIN from the plant. In this process bast (bark) is collected Polyester resins are the least expensive of the resin from the plant (in wet condition), uniform hammering options, providing the most economical way to is done on the bast of the plant. After this one bark is incorporate resin, filler and reinforcement. The low peeled off from the root upward. The strips are gently viscosity and raw material cost of polyesters make the beaten with mallet and washed in water to separate additions of filler and reinforcements a matter of the fibre from adhering tissues. Then the washed fibre practicality. [6] is dried in the sun up to removal of moisture content and made in to bundles. The fibre strands are 2-3m B. CHEMICALS USED: long. The period of retting process approximately The following chemicals are used to speed up the varies from 6 to 10 days and depending up on the polymerization process, initiate the cure and easy maturity of crop at the time of harvesting.[7]. removal of laminate from glass surface given below B.STEPS INVOLVED IN PREPARATION OF accordingly SHORT FIBER Accelerator: The name of the accelerator STEP1: The pealed FIBER is then soaked in used is Cobalt Naphthenate 1%NaOH solution for 24 hours Catalyst: The catalyst used is Methyl STEP2: The soaked FIBER is then clean/ wash with Ethyl Ketone Peroxide (MEKP). distilled water and dried in the sun. Polyvinyl Alcohol. 2 ISBN: 978-93-5268-241-6 Department of Mechanical Engineering, NNRG.

Proceedings of RTIME-2K20 4th National Conference on Recent Trends & Innovations in M24ecthha&ni2c5althEnJugliyn,ee2r0in2g0 STEP3: FIBER which is treated with 1%NaOH is from the prepared lamina as per the ASTM D792 made short fibers (i.e. 8 mm & 10 mm standards as shown in Fig.2.The specimen is placed length). horizontally over two points of contact (lower support span) and then on the top of the composite specimen IV. PREPARATION OF COMPOSITES (HAND a concentrated point load is applied at the mid-span LAYUP TECHNIQUE) of the composite until the composite breaks. The The laminas are prepared by hand layup technique. maximum recorded value of force in the dial gauge is First Wax polish is applied on the surfaces of the base shows the maximum flexural strength of that plates and poly vinyl alcohol (PVA) is applied with a particular composite. Flexural strength is defined as brush and allowed to dry for few minutes to form a the ability of the material to withstand bending forces thin layer. These two items will help in easy removal applied perpendicular to its longitudinal axis (length of the laminate from the base plates. PVA also of the span of composite). provides a glossy finish to the surfaces of the laminate. The general purpose Unsaturated Isopthalic Polyester Resin is taken along with 2% each of catalyst-Methyl Ethyl Ketone Peroxide (MEKP) and accelerator- Cobalt Napthalate. The catalyst initiates the polymerization process and the accelerator speeds Fig.2. Standard specimen for flexural test up this process [8]. The treated short fiber is taken in sufficient In this work determination of flexural properties weight percentage and is mixed with the required carried out by means of three point loading system. amount of resin to which catalyst and accelerator are Flexural test conducted on the specimens listed in table 1 & 2. Three point bending test conducted on added later. This mixture is quickly poured into the compression testing machine supplied by Hydraulic mould and is set by a brush or a roller. Then the mould is covered and the weights of about 1000 N is and Engineering Instruments, New Delhi, with cross placed over for about 24 hours. head speed of 1.25 mm/minute. Total 4 laminas are prepared. 1 layer of woven glass fiber, treated kenaf of 8mm and resin. 1 layer of woven glass fiber, treated kenaf of 10mm and resin. Two Laminas are prepared as per the weight ratio with one layer of glass fiber and kenaf fibers length of 8mm and 10mm. Table.1 weight ratio of lamina with one layer of glass fiber Kenaf Glass Resin Total Fig.3. Flexural testing machine Fiber Fiber 5%(12.5 5%(12.5 90%(22 100%(250 B. TENSILE TESTING: Universal testing machine is used to determine the gm) gm) 5 gm) gm) tensile properties of specimens and for this test 2 layers of woven glass fiber, treated kenaf specimens were prepared as per ASTM D 638 Standards. The standard Type IV dumbbell shaped of 8mm and resin. specimens were used in this testing and the dimension 2 layers of woven glass fiber, treated kenaf of the test specimen is shown in Fig.3. of 10mm and resin. Two Laminas are prepared as per the weight ratio with two layers of glass fiber and kenaf fibers length of 8mm and 10mm. Table.2 weight ratio of lamina with two layer of glass fiber Kenaf Glass Fiber Resin Total Fiber 85%(212. 100%(25 Fig.4 Standard specimen for UTM test 5%(12.5 10%(25 gm) gm) 5 gm) 0 gm) For this work Universal Testing Machine (Zwick/Roell Z010 10KN) supplied by New Delhi, IV.TESTING OF COMPOSITES was used at crosshead speed of 3 mm/min and testing on specimens done at CITD, Hyderabad. A. FLEXURAL TESTING: Main aim of this test is to determine the flexural strength of a material. The test specimens were cut 3 ISBN: 978-93-5268-241-6 Department of Mechanical Engineering, NNRG.

Proceedings of RTIME-2K20 4th National Conference on Recent Trends & Innovations in M24ecthha&ni2c5althEnJugliyn,ee2r0in2g0 Type of Peak Load Ultimate Tensile composite (kN) Strength (N/mm2) Fig. 4 Tensile test specimens of 8 mm treated kenaf 8mm treated 2.3 38.620 fibers with 1 layer GF. kenaf fibers, 2.6 1 layer GF 43.575 Fig. 5 Tensile test specimens of 10mm treated kenaf 3.540 fibers with 1 layer GF. 10mm 3.60 48.40 treated kenaf fibers, 1 61.430 layer GF 8mm treated kenaf fibers, 2 layers GF 10mm treated kenaf fibers, 2 layers GF V.RESULTS AND DISCUSSION From the above Table.4, the following observations have been made. A.FLEXURAL PROPERTIES: 10mm treated kenaf fibers with 2 layers GF shows The following flexural properties of the composite maximum peak load of 3.6 kN compared with laminas were determined by three point bending test other type of campsites. conducted on compression testing machine and 10mm treated kenaf fibers with 2 layers GF shows obtained values has been shown in below Table. 3. maximum ultimate strength of 61.430 MPa compared with other type of campsites. Type of Max. Max. Max.Flexural Load strength VI. CONCLUSION composite deflection (N/mm2) (N) 68.016 Natural and glass fiber reinforced hybrid composites (mm) 176 have been successfully prepared with kenaf and glass 47.73 fibers as reinforcement with 8mm and 10mm as the 8mm treated 185 fiber lengths and isopthalic polyester resin as the 26.07 matrix, and these composites are tested for tensile, kenaf fibers, 3.8 110 flexural tests according to the ASTM standards. 1 layer GF 33.83 85 A.FLEXURAL TEST 10mm It can be concluded that a maximum flexural strength treated kenaf 3.4 of 68.016 MPA and maximum load of 176 N is for fibers, 1 the specimen made by 8 mm treated kenaf fibers with 1 layer GF and 10 mm treated kenaf fibers with 1 layer GF layer GF respectively. The value of flexural strength varies according to change in fiber length. It has been 8mm treated concluded that less length of fiber shows the maximum flexural strength and the maximum load. kenaf fibers, 5.4 2 layers GF B.TENSILE TEST 10mm treated It can be concluded that a maximum Ultimate Tensile Strength of 61.430 MPa and peak load of 3.60 kN for kenaf fibers, 4.0 10mm treated kenaf fibers with 2 layers GF. As 2 layers GF increase in fiber length and no. of layers, there is increase in tensile strength. From the above Table.3, the following observations have been made REFERENCES: 1. Xue Li, Lope G. Tabil, Satyanarayan Panigrahi 8mm treated kenaf fibers with 2 layers GF shows the maximum deflection compared with other type of campsites. 10mm treated kenaf fibers with 1 layer GF shows maximum load carrying capacity compared with other type of campsites. 8mm treated kenaf fibers with 1 layer GF shows maximum flexural strength compared with other type of campsites. B. TENSILE PROPERTIES: Use in Natural Fiber-Reinforced Composites: A The following tensile properties of the composite Environment 15(1): pages 25-33, DOI: laminas were determined by UTM and obtained 10.1007/s10924-006-0042-3 values has been shown in below Table.4 2. Yussuf, A. A. Massoumi, I. Hassan, A. omparison of Polylactic Acid/Kenaf and 4 ISBN: 978-93-5268-241-6 Department of Mechanical Engineering, NNRG.

Proceedings of RTIME-2K20 4th National Conference on Recent Trends & Innovations in M24ecthha&ni2c5althEnJugliyn,ee2r0in2g0 Polylactic Acid/Rise Husk Composites: The 6. Ch. Karunakar, Dr. K. Rajanarender Reddy, K. Influence of the Natural Fibers on the Mechanical, Characterization of Cellulose Based Natural Fiber Journal of polymers and the environment, ISSN: 1566-2543. Advances in Mechanical Engineering (2013), 3. Hyo Jin Kim., Do Wo ISBN: 978-93-82163-03-9. absorption fatigue on mechanical properties of 7. Ch.Karunakar, Dr K.Raja Narender Reddy, P.Sai sisal textile- Journal of Fatigue, Volume 28, Issue 10, October Flexural and Tensile Properties of Kenaf Powder 2006, Pages 1307-1314. 4. Shinji Ochi and 18th ISME Conference, ISME 18, February 23rd 25th, 2017, NIT Warangal, Materials, Volume 40, Issues 4 5, April May 8. Ch.Karunakar, Pranavi.D, K.Raja Narender 2008, Pages 446-452. 5. K. Kishor Kumar, Ch. Karunakar, B. Investigation of Flexural and Tensile Properties of Characterization of Hybrid Fibres Reinforced Conference on Advances in Research and ScienceDirect Materials Today: Proceedings 5 Innovations in Mechanical Engineering, Material (2018) 14539 14544. Science, Industrial Engineering and Management- 2016,NIT Manipur, ISBN 978-93-86176-46-2 ISBN: 978-93-5268-241-6 5 Department of Mechanical Engineering, NNRG.

Proceedings of RTIME-2K20 4th National Conference on Recent Trends & Innovations in M24ecthha&ni2c5althEnJugliyn,ee2r0in2g0 Microstructure Study of Al 2219-Si3N4 Metal Matrix Composites MANJUNATHA C J Dr.B.VENKATA NARAYANA MECHANICAL ENGG, SHA-SHIB COLLEGE OF MECHANICAL ENGG, SEA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, VTU, CHICKBALLAPUR ENGINEERING, BANGALORE 9448956755 & narayana.bv73 @gmail.com 9964034721 & [email protected] Abstract: - The article present in the abstract III METHODOLOGY: contains Silicon Nitride reinforced with Aluminium Methodology used for the research work Alloy 2219 through stir casting: Collecting information about silicon nitride & Aluminium Fig 3.1: Methodology Flow Chart Alloy 2219 materials, density & outcome of the IV 1) ALUMINUM ALLOY2219 INGOTS project and the project work is intended to produce a totally new composite material with various Fig 4.1: Aluminum Alloy 2219 compositions of reinforcement and to analysis of The above fig4.1 shows Aluminium alloy 2219 ingots Density test and SEM investigation. (5kg) used for matrix materials. Keywords Stir casting, Matrix, Reinforcements, I. INTRODUCTION Metal matrix composites are increasingly becoming attractive materials for advanced aerospace, automobile industries due to light weight, low cost, easy fabrication and ever increasing demands of modern technology. Metal matrix composites are the combination of soft base metal with hard refinement material and have recently found special interest because of their specific strength and specific stiffness at room or elevated temperature. With the advancement of modern technology, there is a everlasting demand for an economical, light weight harder, stronger and energy saving material in the area of space, aircraft, advanced defense fighter jets and automobile application, aluminum matrix composites (AMC) found application in these areas. From the literature survey, there is a lack of data available for mechanical behavior of Al Alloy 2219 reinforced with Reinforcement particulates. Silicon material that would find wide application for various engine components due to its high temperature mechanical properties, thermal shock resistance, tribological and wear properties. II. OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT IS: 1 Development of the composite through stir casting for various percentage additions of silicon nitride. 2 Analysis of Density test 3 Analysis of SEM test. ISBN: 978-93-5268-241-6 6 Department of Mechanical Engineering, NNRG.

Proceedings of RTIME-2K20 4th National Conference on Recent Trends & Innovations in M24ecthha&ni2c5althEnJugliyn,ee2r0in2g0 a) COMPOSITION OF ALUMINUM 2219 V EXPERIMENTAL WORK ALLOYS: Weight 2219 % Al Bal Si 0.20Max Fe 0.30Max Cu 5.80-6.80 Mn 0.20-0.40 Mg 0.02Max Zn 0.10max Ti 0.02-0.10 others 0.050ea 0.15total 2) SILICON NITRIDE (Si3N4) POWDER Fig 5.1 : Stir casting Fig 5.1 shows the stir casting process work of alluminium alloy 2219/Si3N4. V DESITY TEST Fig 4.2: Silicon Nitride (Si3n4) The above fig4.2 shows Silicon Nitride (Si3n4) Powder (1 kg) used for Reinforcement. b) Silicon Nitride Analysis: Parameters Results Form Powder Formula Si 3N4 The above table shows density test,while increasing reinforcement the density goes on increases. Si 60% N 40% Hall flow,50gms 40sec Apparent density 3.21gm/cc ISBN: 978-93-5268-241-6 7 Department of Mechanical Engineering, NNRG.

Proceedings of RTIME-2K20 4th National Conference on Recent Trends & Innovations in M24ecthha&ni2c5althEnJugliyn,ee2r0in2g0 VI SEM ANALYSIS: Fig 6.1(a): 0 % of Aluminum Alloy 2219 Fig 6.1 (d): 9% of Aluminum Alloy 2219 Magnification of 200x Magnification of 200x. Fig 6.1 (b): 3 % of Aluminum Alloy 2219 Fig6.1 (a) (b) (c) and (d) shows the SEM image of as Magnification of 200x cast AA 2219 magnification of 200x, it shows the uniform distributions. Fig 6.1 (c): 6 % of Aluminum Alloy 2219 Magnification of 200x ACKNOWLEDGMENT I wish to record my profound gratitude to all the ISBN: 978-93-5268-241-6 faculty members of Mechanical Engineering. Also thanks to all mechanical engineering staffs, SCE Chickballapur, credit goes to a great measure to my classmates and friends for their help and encouragement. I would also to express my gratitude to the authors and publishers of textbooks, magazines, journals and websites from where I have collected the materials and information for this report. Mr. Manjunath C. J. Presently working as Associate Professor in SHASHIB COLLEGE OF ENGG. He has published several papers in National & International Level, conferences, Journals. He has attended several workshops, FDP etc. His research area is COMPOSITES. REFERENCES [1] MATERIAL DEVELOPMENT FOR ceradyne.inc, 2000. [2] Sachin Ghalme, Ankush mankar, Y. J. Bhalerao Wear Performance Optimization of Silicon Nitride Using Genetic An Journal of Engineering Science and Technology Vol. 12, No. 12 (2017) 3120 3135. [3] Jayasheel I. Harti , B. R. Sridhar, H. R. Vitala, -TiC American Journal of Materials Science 2015, 5(3C): 34-37. 8 Department of Mechanical Engineering, NNRG.

Proceedings of RTIME-2K20 4th National Conference on Recent Trends & Innovations in M24ecthha&ni2c5althEnJugliyn,ee2r0in2g0 [4] Carlos Augusto Bezerra Jr, Alexandre Douglas Alloy A356 Reinforced with Aluminium Nitride and Araújo de Moura, Edval Gonçalves de Araújo , Maurílio José dos Santos and Oscar Olimpio de 11, November 2017. Araujo Filho- [9] Siddesh kumar N G,V M Ravindranath,G S Shiva AA2124 Aluminum Alloy Metal Matrix Composites material science (908-917) 2014. Reinforced by Silicon Nitride Prepared by Powder ISSN: 1662-9752, Vol. 802, [10] Sliding Wear and pp 108-113, 2014. Micromechanical Behavior of AA1100/Titanium [5] Everthon Rodrigues de Araujo, Marcio Marcelo Sampaio de Souza, Francisco Ambrozio Filho, Cezar Oxide Metal Matrix Composites Cast by Bottom-Up Henrique Gonzalez and Oscar Olimpio de Araujo Filho- Preparation of Metal Matrix Aluminum Alloys 7th International Conference on Composite Composites Reinforced by Silicon Nitride and Materials and Characterization Bangalore, Karnataka, Aluminum Nitride Through Powder Metallurgy India, 11-12 December 2009. Vols. 727-728 (2012) pp 259-262, [11] Gyanendra Singh, Tanuj Giri, Mohd Qayed 2012. [6] AKM Asif Iqbal1, Dewan Muhammad of Aluminum Magnesium Effect of the Reinforcement on the Com Vol. 5, Issue 1, pp: Mechanical Properties of Aluminium Matrix (14-21), Month: April - September 2017. ISSN 0973-4562 Volume [12] João B. Fogagnolo, Maria H. Robert and José M. 11, Number 21 (2016) pp. 10408-10413. [7] P. Rami Reddy and A. Chennakesava Reddy ALLOYING ON THE EXTRUSION PROCESS OF Processing of AA4015-Zirconium Oxide Particulate AA 6061 ALLOY REINFORCED WITH SI3N4 th Brazilian congress of mechanical engineering ,1999. Metal Matrix Composites by Stir Casting 7th International Conference on [13] Girija Moona, R S Walia, Vikas Rastogi & Rina Composite Materials and Characterization pp. 164-175. [14] ntal Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India11-12 December Investigation on Tribological Characteristics of 2009. Silicon Nitride Reinforced Aluminium Metal Matrix [8] Gurlabh Singh and Gurpreet Singh Sidhu Development and Analysis of Aluminium Based Journal of Engineering Science and Technology Vol. 12, No. 5 (2017) 1295 1306. ISBN: 978-93-5268-241-6 9 Department of Mechanical Engineering, NNRG.

Proceedings of RTIME-2K20 4th National Conference on Recent Trends & Innovations in Mechanical Engineering 24th & 25th July, 2020 OPTIMIZATION OF PROCESS PARAMATERS IN MACHINING OF EN353 ALLOY STEEL UNDER DIFFERENT LUBRICATION CONDITIONS A.VENKATA VISHNU A.NANDEEP REDDY C.MEGASHYAM Assistant Professor, Student, Student, Department of Mechanical Department of Mechanical Department of Mechanical Engineering, Engineering Engineering Nalla Narasimha Reddy Education Nalla Narasimha Reddy Education Nalla Narasimha Reddy Education Society’s Group of Instititions, Society’s Group of Instititions, Society’s Group of Instititions, Hyderabad, Telangana State, India Hyderabad, Telangana State, India Hyderabad, Telangana State, India Md. ASIF PASHA N. RAGHUVEER N. SIDDHARTHA REDDY Student, Student, Student, Department of Mechanical Department of Mechanical Department of Mechanical Engineering Engineering Engineering Nalla Narasimha Reddy Education Nalla Narasimha Reddy Education Nalla Narasimha Reddy Education Society’s Group of Instititions, Society’s Group of Instititions, Society’s Group of Instititions, Hyderabad, Telangana State, India Hyderabad, Telangana State, India Hyderabad, Telangana State, India Abstract— Machining operation is one of the most 1. INTRODUCTION essential processes of producing desired products from Metal cutting is one of the oldest and continued raw material, where in machining a lot of heat is developing processes in industries. The raw material is generated due to the friction between work piece and converted in to required shape by removing excess tool. The lubricant/coolant plays an important role in materials through proper machine tool, technicians, reducing the friction between work piece and the tool cutting and holding tools by applying proper cutting Number of lubricants are introduced in machining out data. For metal cutting different machine tools like of which, vegetable oils has been a viable alternative drilling machines, lathes, milling machines, grinding where it reduces the toxics/pollutants released during machines are available with different capacities based machining which leads to health issues like asthma, on requirement of parts. While considering all machine throat cancer, lung cancer, etc., to the operator/ tools lathe or turning machine is considered as Father of employee. Large numbers of operators are not all machine tools since by using lathe different familiar with the adverse impact of cutting fluids on operations can be performed. Normally the customer is the health. On the other hand the cost of lubricant is satisfied by the supplier through quality, cost and also playing a vital role which is costing around 16- delivery of the part or product. 20% production cost in industries, to overcome with this situation the flow of lubricant is to be controlled Turning is the machining operation that produces which is done through a sustainable manufacturing cylindrical parts. It can be defined as machining of an technique known as minimum quantity lubrication In external surface such that, there is a relative movement this present paper we have studied the effect of process between work piece and single- point cutting tool. parameters using turning of EN 353 alloy steel under Cutting tool is being fed parallel to the axis of the work different lubrication conditions with the help of piece. In the present work a set of experiments are vegetable based oils using Taguchi design conducted on the work piece EN353 with CVD coated methodology. Different models of minimum quantity carbide cutting tools to evaluate the effect of machining lubrication system were available in the market but parameters such as cutting conditions, speed, feed and they are costly, in this project a compact MQL setup is depth of cut on cutting temperature. Taguchi approach been developed for machining under MQL condition. is used to obtain the optimal settings of these process parameters Keywords- EN 353 alloy steel, Taguchi Robust Design 2. LITERATURE REVIEW Methodology, minimum quantity lubrication, A thorough study of literature [1-4] suggests Machining, vegetable based oils,etc. that the machining of EN-353 Steel Alloy is very ISBN: 978-93-5268-241-6 10 Department of Mechanical Engineering, NNRG.

Proceedings of RTIME-2K20 4th National Conference on Recent Trends & Innovations in Mechanical Engineering 24th & 25th July, 2020 difficult, compared to other alloy materials. EN 353 resistance in relatively large sections with case hardness steel has a carbon content of 0.17% and probably the upto RC64 when carburized, hardened and tempered most usual form of steel, because of the carbon content the material becomes tougher and harder .generally 3.3. Cutting Insert: available in the annealed condition with a maximum The cutting tool used is gold coated cvd brinell hardness of 270, characterized by high core strength, excellent toughness and fatigue resistance in carbide tool with a nose radius of 0.4mm. It consists of relatively large sections with case hardness upto RC64 4 tips. It is of very high hardness and good toughness when carburized, hardened and tempered. The [5- and it is principally intended for machining of super 8,10,12] study demonstrates detailed study of the alloys and steel alloys. proposed optimization technique i.e. Taguchi Robust design methodology; Hence the literature survey helped in proper selection of controlled parameters. 3. EXPERIMENTATION The aim of the project is to find out the set of optimum values for the selected control factors using Taguchi’s robust design methodology. The work material selected is E N - 3 5 3 s t e e l a l l o y . The dimensions of the EN-353 steel alloy, selected are of 30mm diameter X 110mm length. The experiments are conducted using L9 (34) orthogonal array. This chapter contains the machining aspects and robust design implementation procedure in Turning of EN- 353 steel alloy. The turning operations are carried out on CNC machine. The work material selected in the present work is EN- Figure No.3: CVD Coated Carbide Tool Insert 36 steel alloy. The turning operations (facing) are carried out on CNC machine. The machining tests are conducted under the different cutting conditions, speed, feed and depth of cut using L9 (34) orthogonal array . 3.1. Specifications of CNC Turning Machine: The experiments are conducted on CNC Lathe shown in Figure No.1. 3.2. Work piece Material: EN 353 steel has a carbon content of 0.17% and probably the most usual form of steel, because of the carbon content the material becomes tougher and harder .generally available in the annealed condition with a maximum brinell hardness of 270, characterized by high core strength, excellent toughness and fatigue 11 ISBN: 978-93-5268-241-6 Department of Mechanical Engineering, NNRG.

Proceedings of RTIME-2K20 4th National Conference on Recent Trends & Innovations in Mechanical Engineering 24th & 25th July, 2020 3.4. Tool Holder: temperature. The measurement results are displayed on the screen. The specification of tool holder used for machining is BT30-ER16, side lock adapter system shown in figure no.4. Figure No. 6: Cutting Temperature Tester Figure No. 4: Tool Holder 3.7. Minimum Quantity Lubrication setup: 3.5. Cutting Fluid: Minimum quantity lubrication eliminates large number of water and oil based coolants and replaces them with The cutting fluid used in this experimentation is the a small quantity of lubricant mixed with air. The air-oil combination of vegetable oil(sunflower oil) and water stream is precisely metered and delivered to the cutting in the ratio 1:20 i.e., for example when the oil is taken tool’s edge. The philosophy behind mql is based on for 1 liter then the quantity of water will be 2 liters simple principle-more is not always better; use only what’s needed for the application, because enough is as Sunflower oil is the non-volatile oil pressed from the good as a feast. This MQL also goes with many names. seeds of sunflower. Sunflower oil is commonly used in It has been referred as “Minimum Quantity food as a frying oil, and in cosmetic formulations as an Lubrication”, “Near-Dry Machining” or “NDM”, emollient. Sunflower oil is primarily composed of “Micro-Lubrication” or “Microlubrification”, “Micro- linoleic acid, a polyunsaturated fat, and oleic acid, a Dosing” and sometimes as “Mist coolant”. mono unsaturated fat. Through selective breeding and manufacturing processes, oils of differing proportions Figure No. 7: Block diagram of MQL of the fatty acids are produced. Figure No. 5: Cutting Fluid Figure No. 8: Compact MQL setup 3.6. Cutting Temperature Tester 4. DESIGN OF EXPERIMENT: Temperature measurement is measured using a portable Total of four process parameters with three levels are IR THERMOMETER MT-4, the device ability to chosen as the control factors such that the levels are measure temperature from a distance. By knowing the sufficiently far apart so that they cover wide range. The amount of infrared energy emitted by the object and its process parameter and their ranges are finalized using emissivity, the object’s temperature can often be literature, books and machine operator’s experience. The determined within a certain range of its actual four control factors selected are cutting condition (A), 12 ISBN: 978-93-5268-241-6 Department of Mechanical Engineering, NNRG.

Proceedings of RTIME-2K20 4th National Conference on Recent Trends & Innovations in Mechanical Engineering 24th & 25th July, 2020 spindle speed (B), feed rate (C) and depth of cut(D). EN- parameters like: cutting conditions, speed, feed 353 STEEL alloy work pieces are used in experimentation. The machining is performed and depth of cut. individually. 6. Measuring cutting temperature of workpiece Table No. 1: Control Factors and Levels material with the help of a portable IR THERMOMETER MT-4 for temperature measurement. 5. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS Then cutting temperature is measured precisely with the help of a portable IR THERMOMETER MT-4 and the results are tabulated in table no 3. For each experiment the corresponding S/N values are also tabulated. Optimization of cutting temperature is carried out using Taguchi method. Confirmatory test have also been conducted to validate optimal results. Table No. 2: Experimental Design Table No 3: Experimental Data Related To Cutting Temperature Accordingly the present study has been done through Table No 4: Summary of S/N Ratios the following plan of experiment. 1. Cutting steel bars by electric saw and 4.1 Selection of Optimum Set of Conditions for performing initial turning operation in CNC Cutting Temperature: machine to get desired dimension of the work piece. The best condition for Cutting condition is level 3 2. Checking and preparing the CNC machine (MQL), for Speed is level 1 (900rpm), for Feed Rate is ready for performing the machining operation. level 2 (0.5mm/min), for Depth of Cut is level 2 3. A detailed study has been carried out for the selection of the cutting parameters i.e. (1.5mm). Thus, the optimum conditions chosen were: Cutting conditions, speed, feed and depth of A3-B1-C2-D2. cut are taken according to the machine standards. 4. Selection of appropriate tool depending upon the cutting parameters i.e., speed, feed, depth of cut are changed depending upon the experimental design. 5. Performing operations on specimens in various cutting environments involving various combinations of process control ISBN: 978-93-5268-241-6 13 Department of Mechanical Engineering, NNRG.

Proceedings of RTIME-2K20 4th National Conference on Recent Trends & Innovations in Mechanical Engineering 24th & 25th July, 2020 Table No 5: Optimum Set Of Control Factors 5.4. Effect of Cutting Parameters on Cutting temperature: Factors/L Cutting Speed Feed(B) Depth of evels conditio (A) (mm/min) Cut (C) From Figure No 9, it is observed that the cutting (rpm) (mm) temperature is low at the cutting condition MQL when Optimu n 0.5 compared with the other cutting conditions i.e., at the m Value 900 1.5 flooded and compressed air conditions. Where in this MQL graph 1=Compressed Air, 2=Flooded, 3=MQL conditions on X-axis. Figure No 10, it is observed that, 5.2. Prediction of Process Average for Optimum the cutting temperature is low at low cutting speed and Condition for Cutting Temperature: it is increasing at moderate cutting speed conditions, again from moderate to high cutting speeds, the Cutting From table 5, the following calculations are done, for Temperature increases. Figure No 11, it is observed all the cases the predicted value is calculated in the that, the cutting temperature is low at low feed rate and same procedure. A3-B1-C2-D2. certainly increasing from low feed rate to moderate feed conditions, but again from moderate to high feed rate, ƞpredicted= Y+ (A3-Y) + (B1-Y) + (C2-Y) + (D2-Y) the cutting temperature increases. From the figure 12, it is observed that, the cutting temperature is low at low = A3+B1+C2+D2-3Y depth of cut and certainly increasing from low depth of cut to moderate depth of cut conditions, but again from = [(-29.96) + (-30.31) + (-30.22) + (-30.14)] – [3X moderate to high depth of cut, the cutting temperature (34.46)] decreases. ƞpredicted= 22.401 Therefore, the predicted average for optimum condition of Cutting temperatures is 22.401. 5.3. Performing Verification Test for Cutting Temperature: A confirmation test is performed with the obtained optimum cutting parameters (cutting conditions MQL, speed 900rpm, feed rate 0.5 mm/min and depth of cut 1.5mm). The cutting temperature values are taken and the S/N ratio is calculated for this condition. These values are shown in Table no 6 & 7. Table No 6: Conformation Test Results CT S/N Ratio 31.68 23.82 Table No. 7: Comparison of S/N Ratios η predicted 22.401 η conformation 23.82 ISBN: 978-93-5268-241-6 14 Department of Mechanical Engineering, NNRG.

Proceedings of RTIME-2K20 4th National Conference on Recent Trends & Innovations in Mechanical Engineering 24th & 25th July, 2020 5. CONCLUSION among used feeds 0.2 mm/min, 0.5 mm/min, The objective of the project work is to find out the set 0.8 mm/min. of optimum values for the selected control factors in order to reduce cutting temperature, using Taguchi’s  Depth of cut 1.5mm is the optimum depth of robust design methodology considering the control cut for obtaining optimum cutting temperature factors and steel alloy EN-353 work piece. in the values 0.5mm, 1.5mm, 2.5mm Based on the results of the present  The S/N ratio of predicted value and experimental investigations the following conclusions verification test values are valid when can be drawn: compared with the optimum values. It is found that S/N ratio value of verification test is  The cutting conditions used for this within the limits of the predicted value and the experimentation are compressed air, flooded, objective is full filled for cutting temperature. MQL, in this MQL is the optimum environment of cutting condition  Taguchi method has been successfully applied in optimizing cutting temperature for Turning  The cutting speed used for the experimentation operation. 900rpm, 1200rpm, 1500rpm, in this 900 rpm is the optimum speed for obtaining the optimum value of cutting temperature.  For obtaining the optimum value of cutting temperature., the optimum feed is 0.5 mm/min ISBN: 978-93-5268-241-6 15 Department of Mechanical Engineering, NNRG.

Proceedings of RTIME-2K20 4th National Conference on Recent Trends & Innovations in Mechanical Engineering 24th & 25th July, 2020 REFERENCES Advanced Technology ISSN: 2250–3676, Jul-Aug [1] Nirav M. Kamdar, Prof. Vipul K. Patel, 2012, Volume-2, Issue-4, pp.807 – 812. “Experimental Investigation of Machining Parameters [11]HMT \"Production Technology\", Tata McGraw Hill, of EN36 Steel”, International Journal of Engineering 2004. Research and Applications (IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622. [12] Phillip j. Ross \"Taguchi Techniques for Quality Vol. 2, Issue 3, May-Jun 2012, pp.1833-1838. Engineering\", Tata McGraw Hill, Second Edition, 2005. [2] Kaushal Pratap Singh and Girish Dutt Gautam:“Selection of Optimum Machining Parameters for EN36 Alloy Steel in CNC Turning Using Taguchi Method” International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, Volume 5, Issue 3, ISSN 2229- 5518 – March 2004. [3] Manan Kulshreshtha: “Analysis of the Effect of Machining Parameters on Surface Roughness of EN 36 Nickel Steel”, International Journal of Advanced Information Science and Technology (IJAIST) ISSN: 2319:2682 Vol.16, No.16, August 2013. [4] A .Venkata Vishnu, G. Guruvaiah Naidu, K B G Tilak, J.Ramakrishna, “Application of Taguchi Method in the Optimization of Turning Parameters for Material Removal Rate of En-36 Material”, International Journal of Advance Engineering and Research Development E- ISSN (O): 2348-4470 P-ISSN (P): 2348-6406, Volume 2, Issue 8, August-2015. [5] Ballal, Inamdar and Patil P.V. “Application Of Taguchi Method For Design Of Experiments In Turning Gray Cast Iron ” International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) Vol. 2, Issue 3, May-Jun 2012, pp.1391-1397. [6] G. Guruvaiah Naidu, A.Venkata Vishnu, G.Janardhana Raju “Optimization of Process Parameters for Surface Roughness in Milling of EN-31 Steel Material Using Taguchi Robust Design Methodology”, International Journal of Mechanical And Production Engineering ISSN: 2320-2092, Vol.2 Issue 9, September-2014. [7]Mahendra Korat, Neeraj Agarwal, “Optimization of Different Machining Parameters of En24 Alloy Steel In CNC Turning by Use of Taguchi Method”, International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622 www.ijera.com Vol. 2, Issue 5, September- October 2012, pp.160-164. [8] A.Venkata Vishnu, K B G Tilak, G. Guruvaiah Naidu, Dr.G.Janardhana Raju “Optimization of Different Process Parameters of Aluminium Alloy 6351 in CNC Milling Using Taguchi Method”, International Journal of Engineering Research and General Science, ISSN: 2091-2730,Nepal, Vol.3 Issue 2, March-April- 2015. [9]M.A. Lajis and T.L. Ginta,”Hot machining of Hardened Steels with Coated Carbide Inserts,” American Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences 2 pp. 421-427 (2009). [10] K. Adarsh Kumar, Ch.Ratnam, Bsn Murthy, B.Satish Ben, K. Raghu Ram Mohan Reddy, “Optimization Of Surface Roughness In Face Turning Operation In Machining Of En-8” [IJESAT] International Journal Of Engineering Science & 16 ISBN: 978-93-5268-241-6 Department of Mechanical Engineering, NNRG.

Proceedings of RTIME-2K20 4th National Conference on Recent Trends & Innovations in M24ecthha&ni2c5althEnJugliyn,ee2r0in2g0 MACHINABILITY OF ALLOY STEELS A REVIEW A.VENKATA VISHNU G. GURUVAIAH NAIDU Assistant Professor, Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering Department of Mechanical Engineering Nalla Instititions, Hyderabad, Telangana State, India. Instititions, Hyderabad, Telangana State, India. ABSTRACT- This paper deals with literature review steels): strength, hardness, toughness, wear on the machinability characteristics of alloy steels. resistance, corrosion resistance, harden ability, Mach inability of materials depends on surface and hot hardness. To achieve some of these improved roughness, MRR and work material hardness etc. properties the metal may require heat treating. Some of these find uses in exotic and highly-demanding design approach, Analysis of variance (ANOVA) are applications, such as in the turbine blades of jet reviewed to investigate their effectiveness in engines, in spacecraft, and in nuclear reactors. optimization and finding significant factors in the Because of the ferromagnetic properties of iron, some machining of Alloy Steels. steel alloys find important applications where their responses to magnetism are very important, including KeyWords: Alloy Steels, MRR, Surface Roughness, in electric motors and in transformers. High-strength ANOVA, Work Material Hardness, low-alloy steel (HSLA) is a type of alloy steel that 1. INTRODUCTION provides better mechanical properties or greater Alloy steel is the steel, that is alloyed with variety of elements in total amounts between 1.0% and 50% resistance to corrosion than carbon steel. HSLA steels by weight to improve its properties. Alloy steels are broken down into two categories: low-alloy vary from other steels in that they are not made to steels and high-alloy steels. The difference between meet a specific chemical composition but rather to the two is somewhat arbitrary [1-2]: Most commonly, the phrase \"alloy steel\" refers to low-alloy steels. specific mechanical properties. They have carbon Nickel is an important alloying addition to low-alloy steels where it improves strength and toughness content between 0.05 0.25% to whilst retaining good ductility in engineering components such as gears and transmission shafts. retain formability and weldability. Other alloying Nickel improves the low temperature toughness of elements include up to 2.0% manganese and small ferritic steels, enabling them to be used for cryogenic applications. For example, 9% nickel steel is used for quantities LNG handling and storage. It also contributes to high of copper, nickel, niobium, nitrogen, vanadium,chrom ium, molybdenum, titanium, calcium, rare earth elements, or zirconium. Copper, titanium, vanadium, and niobium are added for strengthening purposes. These elements are intended to alter the microstructure of carbon steels, which is usually aferrite-pearlite aggregate, to produce a very fine dispersion of alloy carbides in an almost pure ferrite produced with particularly high tensile strengths. matrix. This eliminates the toughness-reducing effect of a pearlitic volume fraction yet maintains and Nickel is also important in some carburising, nitriding increases the material's strength by refining the grain and tools steels. size, which in the case of ferrite increases yield Every steel is an alloy, but not all steels are called strength by 50% for every halving of the mean grain diameter. Precipitation strengtheningplays a minor \"alloy steels\". The simplest steels are iron (Fe) role, too. Their yield strengths can be anywhere alloyed with carbon (C) (about 0.1% to 1%, between 250 590 megapascals (36,000 86,000 psi). Because of their higher strength and toughness HSLA depending on type). However, the term \"alloy steel\" steels usually require 25 to 30% more power to form, is the standard term referring to steels with other as compared to carbon steels [3-4]. Copper, silicon, nickel, chromium, and phosphorus alloying elements added deliberately in addition are added to increase corrosion resistance. Zirconium, to the carbon. Common alloyants calcium, and rare earth elements are added for include manganese (the most common sulfide-inclusion shape control which increases formability. These are needed because most HSLA one),nickel, chromium, molybdenum, vanadium, silic steels have directionally sensitive properties. on, and boron. Less common alloyants Formability and impact strength can vary include aluminum, cobalt, copper, cerium,niobium, tit anium, tungsten, tin, zinc, lead, and zirconium. The following is a range of improved properties in alloy steels (as compared to carbon 17 ISBN: 978-93-5268-241-6 Department of Mechanical Engineering, NNRG.

Proceedings of RTIME-2K20 4th National Conference on Recent Trends & Innovations in M24ecthha&ni2c5althEnJugliyn,ee2r0in2g0 significantly when tested longitudinally and levels of machining parameters and different transversely to the grain. Bends that are parallel to the experiments are done using L9 (34) orthogonal array. longitudinal grain are more likely to crack around the Taguchi method stresses the importance of studying outer edge because it experiences tensile loads. This the response variation using the signal to noise (S/N) directional characteristic is substantially reduced in ratio, resulting the minimization of quality HSLA steels that have been treated for sulfide shape characteristic variation due to uncontrollable control. They are used in cars, trucks, cranes, bridges, parameter. The material removal rate is considered as roller coasters and other structures that are designed to handle large amounts of stress or need a good from experiment and their optimum value for strength-to-weight ratio. HSLA steel cross-sections material removal rate are calculated. The S/N ratio of and structures are usually 20 to 30% lighter than predicted value and verification test values are valid carbon steel with the same strength. HSLA steels are when compared with the optimum value. It is found also more resistant to rust than most carbon steels that S/N ratio value of verification test is within the because of their lack of pearlite the fine layers of limits of predicted value and the objective of the ferrite (almost pure iron) and cementite in pearlite. work is full filled [9]. HSLA steels usually have densities of around 7800 kg/m³ [3-4]. Shashikant.et.al. used to investigate the relationships and parametric interactions between the 2. LITERATURE REVIEW measurable and controllable variables on the material A.Venkata Vishnu .et.al. [7]outlines an removal rate (MRR) in die sinking EDM of EN19 material. The material is extensively being used for experimental study to optimize the effects of selected the application in High speed components e.g. gears. cutting parameters i.e. Cutting Speed, Feed rate, For conducting the experiments, four process Depth of cut and type of tool, for Surface Roughness variables viz. pulse on time, pulse off time, discharge of EN-36 steel alloy by employing Taguchi robust current and gap voltage were considered and design methodology. Taguchi orthogonal array is electrolytic copper was used as the electrode material. designed with three levels of turning parameters and Total 31 experiments were carried out for different experiments are carried out using L9 (34) orthogonal combinations of process parameters. The array. Taguchi method stresses the importance of experimental results were analyzed using Response studying the response variation using the Analysis of Surface Model (RSM). The significant coefficients Variance (ANOVA), resulting the minimization of were obtained by performing analysis of variance quality characteristic variation due to uncontrollable (ANOVA). From the analysis, it was found that pulse parameter. The surface roughness is considered as the off time, discharge current, gap voltage and the interaction terms were significant where as the pulse measured from experiment and their optimum value on time had almost negligible effect towards MRR. for surface roughness are calculated. Analysis of This methodology was found to be very effective and Variance suggests that the selected cutting parameters the model sufficiency was very satisfactory. are significant and Feed rate has the most significant Moreover, an attempt has been made to optimize the factor for the surface roughness. material removal rate in the studied region. The error between the predicted and experimental MRR value By using Taguchi Robust Design was found to be 1.45% [10]. methodology the End milling of EN-31 steel alloy is carried out in order to optimize the milling process Mahendra Korat et.al. outlines an parameters and to minimize the surface roughness. experimental study to optimize the effects of cutting The selected milling process parameters are Cutting parameters on surface finish and MRR of EN24 work Speed, Feed rate, Depth of cut and coolant flow. material by employing Taguchi techniques. The Taguchi orthogonal array is designed with three orthogonal array, signal to noise ratio and analysis of levels, four factors and nine experiments using L9 (34) variance were employed to study the performance orthogonal array. The nine experiments are characteristics in turning operation. Five parameters performed and surface roughness is calculated. were chosen as process variables: Speed, Feed, Depth Results obtained by Taguchi Method, shows that the of cut, Nose radius, Cutting environment (wet and factors affecting the surface roughness are Significant dry). The experimentation plan is designed using and Cutting Speed is the most influence significant parameter. Multiple Regression equation is Minitab formulated for estimating the predicted values for 16 statistical software is used. Optimal cutting surface roughness [8]. parameters for, minimum surface roughness (SR) and maximum material removal rate were obtained. Thus, Taguchi approach, the Turning of EN-36 it is possible to increase machine utilization and steel alloy is carried out in order to optimize the decrease production cost in an automated turning process parameters. The present paper deals manufacturing environment [11]. with the optimization of selected process parameters, i.e. Speed, Feed rate, Depth of cut and type of tool. Abhang, L. B.et.al. objective is to select a Taguchi orthogonal array is designed with three right lubricant from amongst a number of lubricants during the machining of En-31 steel work piece with 18 ISBN: 978-93-5268-241-6 Department of Mechanical Engineering, NNRG.

Proceedings of RTIME-2K20 4th National Conference on Recent Trends & Innovations in M24ecthha&ni2c5althEnJugliyn,ee2r0in2g0 tungsten carbide inserts by using combined multiple speed, feed rate, depth of cut and material properties. attribute decision making method. The procedure is In this research Response surface methodology based on a combined TOPSIS and AHP method. The (RSM) was applied to determine the optimum selection of an optimal material for an engineering machining parameters leading to minimum surface design from a list of available alternative materials on roughness in turning process. Puneet Saini et.al has studied the effect of carbide inserts on EN-24 Alloy the basis of two or more attributes in multiple Steel surface by using three parameters (spindle attribute decision making problem. The analytic speed, feed rate and depth of cut). This research was hierarchy process, being a simple, but powerful conducted by using 100 HS Stallion CNC Lathe decision making tool, is being applied to solve machine. Seventeen sets of experiments were different manufacturing problems. TOPSIS method is performed. In this work empirical models were based on the concept that the chosen alternative developed for surface roughness by considering should have the shortest Euclidean distance from the spindle speed, feed rate and depth of cut as main controlling factors using response surface ideal solution and the farthest from the negative ideal methodology. The optimum value of the surface solution. TOPSIS thus gives a solution that is not only closest to the hypothetical best, which is also the concluded that feed rate is the most significant factor affecting surface roughness followed by depth of cut. farthest from the hypothetically worst. Lubricant As Cutting speed is the less significant factor selection factors are identified and these are chip-tool affecting surface roughness. Optimum results are finally verified with the help of confirmation interface temperature, cutting force, tool wear and experiments [14]. surface roughness. Combined multi-attribute decision-making is aimed at integrating different Joseph Emmanuel et. al. objective is to develop a taguchi optimization method for low measures into a single global lubricant index helps to surface roughness in terms of process parameters select right lubricant and rank the given lubricant for when turning the EN-353 steel on conventional lathe a steel turning operation. The framework that is used machine. Considering the process parameters as Depth of cut, Feed, Spindle Speed, Rake Angle & in steel turning operation could serve as one of the Pressurized Coolant Jet, a series of turning tools for making a strategic decision. The experiments were performed to measure surface effectiveness of our model is demonstrated through roughness data. Taguchi orthogonal arrays, signal-to- noise(S/N) ratio, and analysis of variance (ANOVA) an actual experimental work [12]. are used to find the optimal levels and the effect of Keerthiprasad.Ket.al. have been discussed the process parameters on surface roughness. Confirmation experiment with the optimal levels of widely used in aerospace and automotive industries. process parameters was carried out in order to Machining of these materials requires better demonstrate the effectiveness of the taguchi method. It can be concluded that Taguchi method is very understanding of cutting processes regarding suitable in solving the surface quality problem of accuracy and efficiency. This study addresses the turned work pieces [15]. modelling of the machinability of EN353 and T.Rajaprabu et.al. Investigation focuses on 20mncr5 materials. In this study, multiple regression the influence of machining parameters on the surface analysis (MRA) is used to investigate the influence of finish obtained in turning of EN19 steel. The some parameters on the thrust force and torque in the experimental design technique in this work; the effect drilling processes of alloy steel materials. The model of machining parameters on the surface roughness is were identified by using cutting speed, feed rate, and evaluated and optimum machining conditions for depth as input data and the thrust force and torque as maximizing the metal removal rate and minimizing the surface roughness are determined using Taguchi the output data. The statistical analysis accompanied technique. Signal to Noise ratio, Analysis of means with results showed that cutting feed (f) were the and ANOVA are employed for determining optimum most significant parameters on the drilling process, level combination and percentage contribution. while spindle speed seemed insignificant. Since the Finally an attempt has been made to develop a model spindle speed was insignificant, it directed us to set it for the turning process. The developed model can be either at the highest spindle speed to obtain high effectively used to predict the surface roughness on the machining [16]. material removal rate or at the lowest spindle speed to prolong the tool life depending on the need for the Turning is one of the common machining methods in manufacturing industry. Hardness of the application. The mathematical model is based on a material is the most significant property in the field of power regression modelling, dependent on the three design to satisfy the safety and reliability. AL. above mentioned parameters [13]. Arumugam et.al investigation is to analyse the Alloy Steel EN-24 (Medium Carbon Steel) used in manufacturing of Automotive & aircraft components, Axles & Axles components, Shafts, Heavy duty Gears, Spindles, Studs, Pins, collets, bolts, couplings, sprockets, pinions & pinion arbors. Turning is the most common process used in manufacturing sector to produce smooth finish on cylindrical surfaces. Surface roughness is the important performance characteristics to be considered in the turning process is affected by several factors such as cutting tool material, spindle 19 ISBN: 978-93-5268-241-6 Department of Mechanical Engineering, NNRG.

Proceedings of RTIME-2K20 4th National Conference on Recent Trends & Innovations in M24ecthha&ni2c5althEnJugliyn,ee2r0in2g0 changes in the hardness of material on the machined 8. A .Venkata Vishnu, G. Guruvaiah Naidu , surface due to machining operation (turning) by considering the spindle speed, feed and depth of cut. Regression Analysis for Surface Roughness EN353 forged steel was selected for the analysis to in Milling of EN- measure the hardness. The hardness was estimated International Journal of Core Engineering & Management (IJCEM), ICCEMT-2015, using Rockwell hardness tester by varying the cutting ISSN: 2348-9510, Special issue, December- parameters using Taguchi method [17]. 2015. pp: 139-150. 9. A .Venkata Vishnu, G. Guruvaiah Naidu, K 3. CONCLUSIONS Taguchi Method in the Optimization of A thorough study of literature suggests that Turning Parameters for Material Removal the machining of Alloy Steel is very difficult, Rate of En- compared to other alloy materials. Journal of Advance Engineering and Research Development E-ISSN (O): 2348- Very few works have been done in the 4470 P-ISSN (P): 2348-6406, Volume 2, Optimization of process parameters in Machining of Issue 8, August-2015. pp: 54-62. steel alloy with different controlled parameters. 10. Shashikant, Apurba Kumar Roy, Kaushik Review of various latest optimizing techniques such parameters on material removal rate in EDM process parameters i.e. depth of cut, feed rate, cutting f speed etc. on performance characteristics like surface Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering roughness, tool flank wear, MRR. We also found that (IOSR-JMCE) e-ISSN: 2278-1684, p-ISSN: for surface roughness the most significant parameters 2320-334X PP 24-28. are speed and feed for most of the Alloy Steels and 11. Mahendra Korat, Neeraj Agarwal, for MRR the most significant parameters are DOC, feed and speed. Form the Literature, the best Suited Parameters of En24 Alloy Steel In CNC Lubricant for Most of the Alloy Steels for which Turning by U optimum results drawn are SAE10, 20 and 40 along International Journal of Engineering with Boric acid. Carbide cutting tools is the best Research and Applications (IJERA) ISSN: suited tool for Alloy steels compared to HSS. 2248-9622, Vol. 2, Issue 5, September- October 2012, pp.160-164. REFERENCES 12. Of Lubricant Using Combined Multiple 1. Smith, William F.; Hashemi, Javad Attribute Decision- (2001), Foundations of Material Science and Advances In Production Engineering & Engineering (4th edition), McGraw-Hill, Management 7 (2012) 1, 39-50 Issn 1854- p. 394, ISBN 0-07-295358-6 6250. 13. Keerthiprasad.K, Prof Narendra Babu, Dr 2. Degarmo, E. Paul; Black, J T.; Kohser, Ronald A. (2007), Materials and Processes Analysis Of Variance for EN353 in Manufacturing (10th ed.), and20MnCr5 Alloyed Steels for Drilling Wiley, ISBN 978-0-470-05512-0. Research and Applications www.ijera.com 3. Degarmo, E. Paul; Black, J T.; Kohser, ISSN: 2248-9622, Vol. 4, Issue 6( Version Ronald A. (2003), Materials and Processes 1), June 2014, pp.136-146. in Manufacturing (9th ed.), Wiley, ISBN 0- 14. Puneet Saini , Shanti Parkash, Devender 471-65653-4. Machining Parameters For Surface 4. Oberg, E.; et al. (1996), Machinery's Roughness In High Speed CNC Turning of Handbook (25th ed.), Industrial Press Inc. EN-24 Alloy Steel Using Response Surface 5. Groover, M. P., 2007, p. 105- Research and Applications www.ijera.com 106, Fundamentals of Modern ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 4, Issue 5( Version Manufacturing: Materials, Processes and 7), May 2014, pp.153-160. Systems, 3rd ed, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 15. Joseph Em Hoboken, NJ, ISBN 978-0-471-74485-6. Experimental Study and Analysis of Surface Roughness in Wet Turning Operation of EN 6. \"Stainless steel properties for structural automotive applications\" (PDF). Euro Inox. Department of Mechanical Engineering, NNRG. June 2000. Retrieved 2007-08-14 7. A .Venkata Vishnu, K B G Tilak, Manik n of Process Parameters for Surface Roughness in CNC Turning of EN-36 Material Using Taguchi Robust of Core Engineering & Management 20 (IJCEM), ICCEMT-2015, ISSN: 2348-9510, Special issue, December-2015. pp: 89-104. ISBN: 978-93-5268-241-6

Proceedings of RTIME-2K20 4th National Conference on Recent Trends & Innovations in M24ecthha&ni2c5althEnJugliyn,ee2r0in2g0 Engineering and Technology ISSN 2277 4106, 2013 INPRESSCO. 16. T.Rajaprabu, Dr.K.Chandrasekaran , P.Dheenathayalan, V.Thirumalairaj& Turning En19 Steel Using Design Of Experiments, International Journal of Applied Engineering Research ISSN 0973- 4562 Volume 10, Number 15 (2015). 17. A.L. Arumugam, R. Ragothsingh, zation of Turning Process International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT) Vol. 2 Issue 12, December 2013, ISSN: 2278- 0181. ISBN: 978-93-5268-241-6 21 Department of Mechanical Engineering, NNRG.

Proceedings of RTIME-2K20 4th National Conference on Recent Trends & Innovations in M24ecthha&ni2c5althEnJugliyn,ee2r0in2g0 Thermal Properties of Phragmites Australis Fiber Reinforced Polyester Composites G.GOPI K H V L SRINIVAS Assistant Professor, Project Engineer, Department of Mechanical Engineering, NNRESGI, Hyderabad, Telangana State, India Detroit Engineers Product, Chennai, Tamil Nadu State, India Abstract---- The objective of the present work is to relatively new raw material, so very less information introduce Phragmites Australis (PA) as is available about PA fiber. Plant from can be reinforcement in natural fiber reinforced extracted from stems of plants by mechanical retting composites. Fiber Reinforced polymer composites are one of most attracting material in all the fields process. Moisture/chemical absorption study provides of marine, automobiles and Aeronautical the how much absorption of chemical if we use FRP applications. This work is an opportunity to enhance natural fiber reinforced polymer composite composites in chemical transportation. materials. In present study examination can be done Arrakhiz et al investigated that the treated fiber on thermal properties. Thermal conductivity and composites give better tensile and flexural properties. diffusivity decreases with addition of fiber in composites and specific heat follows in reverse Investigation on mechanical properties in different order. environments can helps to suggest the composite for a Key Words: Phragmites Australis (PA) fiber; particular application [1]. Mechanical and thermal Polyester resin; thermal conductivity, specific heat. properties can be analysed with addition of filler 1. INTRODUCTION materials, quantity of filler material addition also play Natural fiber reinforced polymer composites a vital role in improvement of composite properties application can play a vital role to replace conventional materials now a days. Natural fiber [2-3]. reinforced composites applications can be The investigation on the thermal properties of natural tremendously increases in construction industry, fiber composites helps for producing better insulating electrical and electronic equipments, and transport materials. Ramanaiah et al investigated that the areas like automobile, marine and aeronautical mechanical and thermal characterization of bio mass applications. In Present days, many natural fibers waste materials waste grass broom, sansevieria, such as hemp, pine apple, jute, banana, flax, rice husk, rice straw, barley, sugar cane, reeds, Kenaf, vakka, bamboo fiber composites and concluded that ramie, oil palm, sisal etc are implemented in several the materials have low thermal conductivity and these industries. We expect in future natural fibers are can be used as insulators [4-5]. Thermal conductivity replacing synthetic fibers. The natural fiber decreases with addition of fiber volume fraction in reinforced composites have less mechanical strength composite and these experimental values are compared to synthetic fibers but these are having compared with analytical values obtained by different good thermal and acoustic properties. Many researchers work on FRP composites to improve the analytical methods [6-9]. mechanical properties of natural fibers by adding Phragmites Australis is a wetland grass. Phragmites fillers or additives. Hybrid fibers are a special type of meaning is fence comes from a Greek word composite used to reach the required mechanical phragma.PA plant symbol is PHAU7. It is a wet land strength by adding two or more fibers. The fibers which are biodegradable, eco friendly are green grass of large rhizomic grass, grows up to 4m height of average stem diameter is 0.5 to1.5 cm. these are a Social responsibility and environmental awareness distributed in wide variety of sands from coarse to to reduce polymer usage. All the natural fibers are used as reinforcement in biodegradable and fine soil type of having PH range from3.7 to 8.7. environmental friendly matrix are green composites. Australis is highly adopted for saline areas like salty Many researchers are has been reported in the tidal marshes and inland saline playas. In tribal areas literature about the moisture/chemical absorption, these are used for arrow shafts, baskets, mats, flutes mechanical and thermo physical properties of various and rafts. These are used as filter plant in waste water natural fiber reinforced polymer composites. PA treatment lagoons. Reeds have dense root matrix and coarse stems, so these are used as shoreline and earthen dam stabilization. These are used to trap slip and improve water quality. Construction material.bio fuel bio gas combustion fodder and litter fertilizer/ compost in agriculture, Paper and pulp, walls, roofing. In this study, we measure the thermal properties like thermal conductivity, Specific heat and thermal diffusivity of phragmites australis of fiber reinforced polyester composites were measured at room ISBN: 978-93-5268-241-6 22 Department of Mechanical Engineering, NNRG.

Proceedings of RTIME-2K20 4th National Conference on Recent Trends & Innovations in M24ecthha&ni2c5althEnJugliyn,ee2r0in2g0 temperature. PA reinforced polyester composite are prepared in 15%, 30%, 45% Volume fractions as per ASTM standards. 2. MATERIALS AND METHODS 2.1 Matrix Material Figure No. 2: Phragmites Australis Fibers The unsaturated Polyester ECMALON 4431, Cobalt naphthanate accelerator and Methyl Ethyl Ketone 2.4 Fabrication of Composites Peroxide (MEKP), Catalyst is supplied from the Composites can be fabricated by Hand Bindhu Agencies, Poly Clinic road, Vijayawada, India- 520008. Layup technique as per ASTM standards. 2.2 Reinforcement Unidirectional PA fiber as reinforcement in 15%, Phragmites Australis is a wet land grass. The word 30%, 45% Volume Fractions, unsaturated polyester as matrix mixed with 1.5% volume of resin cobalt distributed throughout world used in waste water naphthanate accelerator for hardening, 1.5% volume treatment, bio mass production and silt trapping reed. of resin MEKP catalyst to accelerate the chemical It is distributed in all seven continents. It is highly reaction. The samples are aging at room temperature distributed in kolleru lake, Krishna district, A.P, for 22 hours [2]. India. PA Fiber Polyester Composite resin Figure No. 1: Phragmites Australis grass Figure No. 3: Composite 2.3 Fiber Extraction 2.5 Thermal properties The process of extraction of fibers from plants by The investigation of thermal properties helps to mechanical extraction process is called retting. In this identify the better insulating capability materials. process first the PA stalks are dried in the sunlight to Some of thermal properties are thermal conductivity, evaporate the moisture from stalks. These stalks are specific heat and thermal diffusivity. cut as internodes are immersed in the retting tank Containing Fungus water. Leave the stalks in retting SPECIFIC HEAT (Cp) tank for 45 days, the fungus in the water takes the It can be measured by Differential Scanning cellulose in the fiber. Clean the stalks with distilled calorimeter (DSC) at a heating rate of 100C/min in water, extract the fiber from Stalks in the laboratory. temperature range of 30-3000C. sample is taken as The extracted fibers are dried in oven at 700C to powder of 5-15 grams evaporate the moisture content [4]. Where Cp is the specific heat (KJ/Kg- difference (K). ISBN: 978-93-5268-241-6 23 Department of Mechanical Engineering, NNRG.

Proceedings of RTIME-2K20 4th National Conference on Recent Trends & Innovations in M24ecthha&ni2c5althEnJugliyn,ee2r0in2g0 THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY (K) it may contain moisture. Specific heat of composite It can be measured by UnithermTM 2022 model by with maximum volume fraction is 5.22 KJ/Kg-K, guarded heat flow meter followed by ASTM E1530- which is 1.67 times to 0.15 fiber volume fraction. 99 standards. Specimens are fabricated in dimensions Higher the specific heat of composite at 0.45 volume of ø50mm X 10mm. Thermal conductivity is fraction reflects that the composite has higher storage capacity of heat. calculated by the relation Where q is heat flux (wm-2), k- thermal conductivity Thermal Diffusivity (Wm-1K-1), l- thickness of specimen (m), (T1-T2) is Thermal diffusivity decreases with addition of fiber temperature difference (K). content, this means the fibers are not allowed to It is calculated as a function of thermal conductivity penetrate the heat into the composite. These (kc), specific heat (Cp), and density ( composites take longer period for flow of the heat Thermal diffusivity, penetration. Thermal diffusivity at maximum volume fraction is 0.56 X 10-7m2/s, which is 55.6% less than composite consist of 15% volume of fiber. This shows that the composite has well resistant to flow of heat, PA fiber composites take longer time to heating or cooling than cork. This phenomenon helps in production of good insulating materials. Density can be measured by picnometic procedure. 4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS Thermal properties of composites such as thermal conductivity, specific heat and thermal diffusivity can be tested at different volume fractions and the summary of results can be shown in table-1 and the graphs are shown in figures. Table No. 1: Thermo physical properties at various volume fractions of fibers Volume Thermal Specific Thermal Figure No. 4: Thermal conductivity v/s volume fractions Fraction Conductivity Heat Diffusivity (%) K (W/mK) 2/s) Cp (kJ/kg K) 15 0.194 3.12 1.26 x 10-7 30 0.178 4.35 0.83 x 10-7 45 0.145 5.22 0.56 x 10-7 Thermal conductivity Figure No. 5: Specific heat v/s volume fractions Thermal conductivity decreases with increase in fiber Department of Mechanical Engineering, NNRG. content of composite. Thermal conductivity is depends only on the constituents of composite. From the figure at maximum volume fraction composite shows minimum thermal conductivity. Composite at 45% fiber volume, thermal conductivity is 0.145 W/m-K, which is 25% less than 0.15 volume fraction of fiber composite. Specific heat Specific heat values increases with addition of fiber to composites. This behaviour of composite is due to higher specific heat capacity of fibers. Increase in trend will occurs due to insulating ability of fibers or 24 ISBN: 978-93-5268-241-6

Proceedings of RTIME-2K20 4th National Conference on Recent Trends & Innovations in M24ecthha&ni2c5althEnJugliyn,ee2r0in2g0 Figure No. 6: Thermal diffusivity v/s volume [6] K. Oksmana, M. Skrifvarsb, J.-F. Selinc. Natural fractions fibres as reinforcement in polylactic acid (PLA) composites. Composites Science and Technology 63 5. CONCLUSIONS (2003) 1317 1324. From the experimentation the following conclusions [7] K.Laoubi, Z. hamadi, A.Ahmed Benyahia, are drawn A.Serier, Z. Azari, Thermal behaviour of E-Glass Thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity fiber reinforced unsaturated polyester composites. of composite decreases with increase in fiber Composites: Part B 2014; 56: 520 526. content, while Specific will follows opposite [8] A. Phanindra, T. Vidyasagar, N. Prabhu Kumar, in trend. D. Sai Teja Dr. K. Sivaji Babu, M. Mounika. Thermal Thermal conductivity, specific heat and characterization of sugar cane fiber reinforced thermal diffusivity of composite at composites. International Journal of Engineering maximum volume fraction are 0.145 W/m- K, 5.22 KJ/Kg-K, 0.56 X 10-7m2/s Research & Technology 2014; Vol. 3: Issue 4. respectively. [9] Ramesh Chandra Mohapatra, Antaryami Mishra, PA fiber reinforced composite has good Bibhuti Bhushan Choudhury. Investigations on thermal insulating capability, hence its thermal conducting capability is very less. Thermal Conductivity of Palm Fibre Reinforced Polyester Composites. IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering 2014; 11- 1: 48-52. REFERENCES [1] F.Z. Arrakhiz a,b, M. El Achaby et al. Mechanical and thermal properties of natural fibers reinforced polymer composites: Doum/low density polyethylene. Materials and Design 43 (2013) 200 205. [2] H. Assaedia, F.U.A. Shaikhb, I.M. Lowa. Effect of nano-clay on mechanical and thermal propertiesof geopolymer. Journal of Asian Ceramic Societies 4 (2016) 19 28. [3] A. Gowthami, K. Ramanaiah, A.V. Ratna Prasad, K. Hema Chandra Reddy, K. Mohana Rao, G. Sridhar Babu. Effect of Silica on Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Sisal Fiber Reinforced Polyester Composites. Journal of Material Environment Science 2013; 4 (2): 199-204. [4] M.Mounika, K. Ramanaiah, A.V. Ratna prasad, K. Mohan Rao, K. Hemachandra Reddy. Thermal conductivity characterization of bamboo fiber reinforced polyester composites. Journal of Materials and Environment Science 2012; 3 (6): 1109-1116. [5] K Ramanaiah, AV Ratna Prasad and K Hema Chandra Reddy. Thermophysical and fire properties of vakka natural fiber reinforced polyester composites. Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites 32(15) 1092 1098. 25 ISBN: 978-93-5268-241-6 Department of Mechanical Engineering, NNRG.

Proceedings of RTIME-2K20 4th National Conference on Recent Trends & Innovations in M24ecthha&ni2c5althEnJugliyn,ee2r0in2g0 Development of Compact Sweeping and Mopping Robot DHARMIK PARMAR SACHINDRA DOSHI TUSHAR VAGHELA Department of Mechanical Prof. at Department of Mechanical Department of Mechanical Engineering Engineering Engineering Government Engineering College, Government Engineering College, Government Engineering College, Bhavnagar Bhavnagar Bhavnagar Gujarat Technological University, Gujarat Technological University, Gujarat Technological University, Ahmedabad Ahmedabad Ahmedabad Bhavnagar, Gujarat, India Bhavnagar, Gujarat, India Bhavnagar, Gujarat, India [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] YAGNIK RATHOD NIZAR VASAYA Department of Mechanical Engineering Department of Mechanical Engineering Government Engineering College, Bhavnagar Government Engineering College, Bhavnagar Gujarat Technological University, Gujarat Technological University, Ahmedabad Ahmedabad Bhavnagar, Gujarat, India Bhavnagar, Gujarat, India [email protected] [email protected] Abstract In line with State and Central 1. RATIONAL Government initiatives of clean India; an Residential and public place cleanliness with lesser intelligent low-cost mini-Robot is conceptualized effort, economical and continual cleaning is always and developed to clean large corridors to small challenging in many perspectives, such as manpower rooms with furniture. Mini-robot is requirement, economy, physical effort, frequency of conceptualized on the base of product design cleaning, schedule of cleaning, hard cleaning, public principles with a focus on end-users of different movement, etc... age groups and gender, viz. house-made, sweepers, users of a vacuum cleaner. The primary objective Cleaning is the essential need of the current is to eliminate human power in cleaning and scenario. The COVID-19 pandemic also realized the mopping tasks by mechanized low-cost Robot. The need for germs free, dustless, and sanitized cleaning. trial run of a prototype accomplished cleaning and Even after phenomenal growth in technology and mopping with very good effectiveness. Cleaning automation still today household cleaning and even and mopping robot is very useful in cleaning large public place cleaning are not automatized and floors and outside corridors in hospitals, houses, driven by manual work. Moreover, no floor drying auditorium, bus stands, and public place, etc. The mechanism after mopping increases the chances of robot works on the principle of vacuum cleaning; injuries due to slippage. Bad practice in-floor sprinkling; scrubbing; mopping with water cleaning is a major cause of accidents, dusty, and the additives; and drying. Automation is induced presence of allergens, bacteria, and viruses. through Arduino and PID controller. The robot Automation of the cleaning process is not focused will clean the whole floor area without any and absence observed in the literature. A sweeping omission of the surface by activation of the and mopping robot is conceptualized with objectives developed program in the coordination of various of germs free beautified floor, removal of debris, sensors. The developed novel product is cost- removal of obstructions, removal of allergens, effective and human control free. It will serve as a sanitization of the floor, and quick drying of the floor. guide to researchers and industry for developing Product design principles are followed to design a better low cost sweeping and mopping robot with robot that satisfies all these objectives along with sanitization and IoT to support the clean India compact design, low-cost manufacturing, and simple project in operation and maintenance. Keywords Robot, Sweeping, and Mopping, 2. DESIGN Arduino, PID controller, IoT. At the conceptualization stage, a rigorous interview of focus end users of different age groups, different places, and different gender were collected, viz. ISBN: 978-93-5268-241-6 26 Department of Mechanical Engineering, NNRG.

Proceedings of RTIME-2K20 4th National Conference on Recent Trends & Innovations in M24ecthha&ni2c5althEnJugliyn,ee2r0in2g0 house-made, sweepers, users of vacuum cleaner, at motor is used to create centrifugal force, which will colleges, at hospitals, domestic house, etc... suck the dust and stored into a collection chamber, From the interview of a varied group, it was through dust filter. unambiguous to develop sweeping and mopping A sprinkler system for wetting the surface is consists robot with the following major features to clean the of a water pump and sprinkler attachment. As the floor surfaces with minimum human assistance. basic purpose is to wet the surface, low-pressure water pump is used with a 0.3-0.4 liter/min flow rate. Dustless floor & effective mopping Water pump fed the water to the water chamber which further propagated to sprinkler mounted along Mopping with various additives for the width of the robot. For hard cleaning and spot sanitization of the floor. removal, a scrubber with a dry sponge rotatory mechanism is provided, next to a sprinkler. Obstacle avoidance Maneuvering of a robot is a four-wheel drive, which is independently connected to 12v DC motors. The Floor Detection wheel system is designed to provide traction in all sorts of surfaces without slip and deviation from the Based on IoT path. Minimal noise during cleaning. Fig. 1. Top view of 3D model Low cost Fig. 2. Exploded view of 3D model Instant drying surface to avoid slipping, tripping, and mopping marks. [3]The present work is aimed at designing a Sweeping and Mopping Robot that can be useful for surface floor cleaning purposes. The complete process of the machine starts from the front vacuum pump. It is used to suck dry debris from the floor. This is very much useful for the purpose of pre- cleaning the surfaces having heavier dirt particles. The debris thus sucked has to be stored so that it could be removed later. The next aim is to make the surface wet with water and additives which is carried out by sprinkling water on the floor. The aim is achieved by using a motor and a sprinkler system. This system has a shower like an outlet and a chamber whose outlet is controlled by a dc motor pump. To clean the surface scrubber has to move or scrub over the floor. The dirt should be completely removed and the debris-laden water will flow towards the rear of the robot. The scrubber is fixed to the chassis using clamps. The construction of the scrubber includes fixing one side to the motor and the other to the ball bearing. The bearing is clamped to the chassis. At the rear of the system, a drier mechanism is used to suck the debris-laden dirty water. Hence the total sweeping and mopping robot system composed of different parts, such as Chassis, Vacuum System, Water Pump, Sprinkler System, Scrubber & Dry Sponge, Motor Wheel System, Control System, and Battery. The complete system is operated automatically throughout the area with and without furniture and column. A. Basic Structure Robotic vacuum cleaners that are available in the market are very expensive and having a disk-shaped structure. It is observed that such robotic vacuum cleaners suffer from major lacuna that they could not clean the corners of rooms effectively. Therefore, the shape was changed to a rectangular section which can access corners easily as shown in figure-1. [4]A vacuum system is a core to the basic structure as it is intended to clean the dirt. A high-Speed DC motor of 20000 rpm is used, to provide suction. This motor is very light in weight and has a balanced torque to weight ratio at high speed. A highspeed dc 27 ISBN: 978-93-5268-241-6 Department of Mechanical Engineering, NNRG.

Proceedings of RTIME-2K20 4th National Conference on Recent Trends & Innovations in M24ecthha&ni2c5althEnJugliyn,ee2r0in2g0 Fig. 3. Isometric view of 3D model Fig. 6. Overall circuit block diagram B. Control System Automation is provided through a control system that As shown in Fig. 5. , motor driver L293d is used with will control motion, operation sequence, obstacle 2 connections for 5v 'hobby' servos connected to the sensing, and receive the instructions. Arduino is used Arduino's high-resolution dedicated timer. 4 h- with Arduino uno R3 atmega 328P and bridges: L293d chipset provides 0.6a per bridge with Microcontroller ATmega328P as shown in Fig. 4. thermal shutdown protection and up to 2 stepper motors with single coil, double coil or interleaved Fig. 4. Arduino Controller stepping. It has internal kickback protection diodes weight: 0.2 gms Ultrasonic sensor of 5V(DC), less than 2 mA static current with output signal 5V-10V is used. The sensor maximum angle is 15 degrees with maximum detection distance 450 cm. Long-range Bluetooth module Hc 05/06 is used for communication. The overall power supplied to the system is through a 12V sealed lead-acid battery. It also served the purpose of dead weight over scrubber. 3. OPERATION One of the objecting of designing swiping and mopping robot is user-friendliness. The robot operation. The sequence of operation and algorithm of operation is shown in the following block diagram in Fig. 7. Fig. 7. Working Methodology of the Robot Fig. 5. Motor Driver 28 ISBN: 978-93-5268-241-6 Department of Mechanical Engineering, NNRG.

Proceedings of RTIME-2K20 4th National Conference on Recent Trends & Innovations in M24ecthha&ni2c5althEnJugliyn,ee2r0in2g0 Number of passes required for robot to cover the entire room = (Breadth of the room (B))/(Width of the robot (W)) = 5/0.33 = Total time taken by the robot to cover the (Max). The primary prototype of the sweeping and mopping robot matched the timing with considerable accuracy simultaneously provide effective cleaning. 4. CONCLUSION Fig. 8. Flow chart showing movement of Robot The designed and developed sweeping and mopping robot provides a cost-effective solution to continual Fig. 9. Working of electronic parts cleaning of public amenities to provide a germ-free The numerical calculation of the time required to and sanitized floor. It reduced manual efforts and clean an empty room of 25 m2 is about 12 minutes in human dependence in cleaning activities. Moreover, a single pass. Detailed calculation iteration is as the time taken for both the sweeping and mopping is follows. reduced considerably compared to manual work without sacrificing quality. The greatest advantage of the developed system is user friendly and maintenance-free. Parts are designed to replace easily as and when required. With minor modifications and capacity enhancement, sweeping and mopping robot can be effectively used for public places with large corridors like hospitals, colleges, railway stations, auditoriums, and malls. Future research should concentrate on the development of high capacity sweeping and mopping robot with high-speed cleaning strategies to solve the challenges of developing germs free, dust-free, and sanitized floor of clean India. 5. ACKNOWLEDGMENT Room dimensions : 5m X 5m The authors are thankful to the Government of Number of drive motors = 4 Gujarat for their financial support for this work Radius of drive wheel (R) = 0.04m through Government Engineering College, RPM of each drive motor (N) = 30 RPM Bhavnagar SSIP grant vide sanction letter no. GEC/BVN/SSIP/PoC_Sanction/912, dated 16th November 2019. Width of the robot (W) = 0.33 m REFERENCES V = 0.125 m/s [1] Paulo Pinheiro, Eleri Cardozo , Jacques Wainer , Considering efficiency of power delivered to Eric Rohmer, \"Cleaning Task Planning for an motor = 90% Autonomous Robot in Indoor Places with Speed delivered or Speed of Robot (V × r) = Multiple Rooms,\" in International Journal of V ×0.9 = 0.11 m/s Machine Learning and Computing, vol. 5 , April Time taken by the robot to cover the room 2015, p. 5. length once (t) = L/(V × r) = 5/0.11 = 45.45 s [2] Harvey Koselka, Bret A. wallach , David Gollaher, \"Autonomous Floor Mopping Apparatus,\" in Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office, vol. U.S. Patent No. 6741054B2, May 25, 2004, p. 13. [3] M. R. Khan, N. M. L. Huq, M. M. Billah, S. M. ISBN: 978-93-5268-241-6 29 Department of Mechanical Engineering, NNRG.