Atlas 2016 Eng

MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE, FOOD, AGRICULTURE AND FISHING México sows successLIVESTOCK, RURAL DEVELOPMENT, INFORMATION SERVICE FISHING AND FOOD



MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE, FOOD, AGRICULTURE AND FISHINGLIVESTOCK, RURAL DEVELOPMENT, INFORMATION SERVICE FISHING AND FOOD2016 Food and Agricultural Atlas www.gob.mx/siap

SERVICIO DE INFORMACION AGROALIMENTARIA Y PESQUERA (SIAP)(Food, agriculture and fishING information service)2016 food and Agricultural AtlasFirst edition, 2016© Servicio de Informacion Agroalimentaria y PesqueraBenjamin Franklin 146, Colonia Escandon, Delegacion Miguel Hidalgo, C.P. 11800, Mexico, D.F.Partial or total, direct or indirect reproduction of the content of this work is prohibited, without prior, explicit and written consent from the editors, under the terms established bythe Federal Law on Copyright and, when appropriate, by applicable international treaties. The person infringing these provisions will be subject to the corresponding legal sanctions.Printed and made in MexicoEnglish version available in digital format. 2

DirectoryJose Eduardo Calzada Rovirosa Mario Gilberto Aguilar SanchezSECRETARY OF AGRICULTURE, LIVESTOCK, RURAL NATIONAL COMMISSIONER FOR AQUACULTURE AND FISHINGDEVELOPMENT, FISHING AND FOOD Patricia Ornelas RuizJorge Armando Narvaez Narvaez SENIOR DIRECTOR OF THE FOOD, AGRICULTURE AND FISHING INFORMATIONUNDERSECRETARY OF AGRICULTURE SERVICEMely Romero Celis Manuel R. Villa IssaUNDERSECRETARY OF RURAL DEVELOPMENT MANAGING DIRECTOR OF THE NATIONAL SEED INSPECTION AND CERTIFICATION SERVICERicardo Aguilar CastilloUNDERSECRETARY OF FOOD AND COMPETITIVENESS Enrique Sanchez Cruz SENIOR DIRECTOR OF THE NATIONAL SERVICE FOR SANITATION, SAFETY ANDMarcelo Lopez Sanchez QUALITY OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURECHIEF CLERK Luis Fernando Flores LuiMireille Roccatti Velazquez MANAGING DIRECTOR OF THE NATIONAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE ON FORESTRY,GENERAL COUNSEL FARMING AND LIVESTOCKVictor Hugo Celaya Celaya Alfonso Elias SerranoGENERAL COORDINATOR OF DELEGATIONS MANAGING DIRECTOR OF THE RISK-SHARING FUNDFrancisco Jose Gurria Treviño Jose Abraham Cepeda IzaguirreGENERAL COORDINATOR OF LIVESTOCK MANAGING DIRECTOR OF THE NATIONAL COMMISSION ON ARID ZONESAlejandro Vazquez Salido Ligia Noemi Osorno MagañaSENIOR DIRECTOR OF THE AGENCY FOR TRADING SERVICES AND MANAGING DIRECTOR OF INCA RURAL, A.C. (National Institute of SkillsDEVELOPMENT OF AGRICULTURAL MARKETS Development for the Rural Sector) 3

IndexPresentation 7 Green chili 62 Green chili: a great flavor for everything 64Food, Agriculture and Fishing Information Service (SIAP): Vegetables and pulses and their nutritional relevance 65 Cauliflower 66 8 Copra 68 Mexico Receiving Station (ERMEX) 70 10 Unmanned Aerial Systems 71 Peach 72 11 Asparagus 74 Asparagus: king of the Spring 76Agricultural and fishing work, synonymous with effort and dedication 12 Remote Sensing applications in the agrifood sector 77 Raspberry 78Women workers: empowering the fields 13 Strawberry 80 Berries: fine fruit of growing acceptance 82Mexico’s agrifood exports sector 14 Agave: a beverage from the green plants 83 Bean 84Mexican agrifood products in international markets 15 Chickpea 86 Gerbera 88Native and domesticated crops: a pride for millennial mexico 16 Guava 90 Tomato 92SAGARPAPPS 18 Protected agriculture: a tailored suit 94 Lettuce 96Avocado 22 Lime 98 Fodder maize 100Sesame 24 Grain maize 102 Maize crop: true Mexican legacy and pride 104Green alfalfa 26 Agricultural map 105 Mango 106Cottonseed 28 Profile of Mexican organic production 108 Apple 110Amaranth 30 Cantaloupe 112Cranberry 32Paddy rice 34Fodder oats 36Oat grain 38Eggplant 40Broccoli 42Cacao 44Coffee cherry 46Updating process of the National Coffee Registry 48Zucchini 50Sugarcane 52Parcel mapping of the sugarcane sector 54Safflower 56Barley grain 58Onion 604

Orange 114 Industrial grapes: from the vineyards to your palate 166Phytosanitary Epidemiological Surveillance 116 Raisins 168Nopal 118 Blackberry 170Nuts 120 Map of hydrometeorological hazards affectingPecan nuts: queen of Mexican dried fruits 122 the agrifood sector 172Mexico Supreme Quality (MCS): working for the Mexican countryside 123 Poultry Meat in Carcass 176Potato 124 Mother hen: broiler chickens and laying hens 178Papaya 126 Livestock technical coefficients: tell me how much you reproduce,Cucumber 128 and I will tell you how productive you are 179Pear 130 Beef in carcass 180Pineapple 132 Epidemiological surveillance: animal diseases in Mexico 182Banana 134 Pork in carcass 184Rose 136 Mexican agrifood infrastructure 186Rose: queen of the flowers 138 Table egg 188Watermelon 140 Cow milk 190Fodder sorghum 142 Honey 192Grain sorghum 144 Sweet as honey 194National Information System for Sustainable Rural 198Development (Snidrus) Tuna 200Harvesting numbers from the field 146 Shrimp 202Soy 147 Technology in aquaculture 204Tobacco 148 Lobster 206Tomatillo 150 Bream 208Latin America Geospatial Forum (LAGF) 152 Octopus 210Grapefruit 154 Sardine 212Wheat grain 156 Ornamental fish: a colorful view 214Wheat grain, source of pasta, bread and crackers 158 Acronyms 215Remote perception: estimated sowed area 160 Glossary 218Table grape 161 General information sources 219Industrial grape 162 Methodological notes 220 164 Products and tariff codes 5

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Jose Eduardo Calzada Rovirosa Mexico sows successSECRETARY OF AGRICULTURE, LIVESTOCK, Mexican fields and seas are full of stories of success that our people build with effort and conviction, butRURAL DEVELOPMENT, FISHING AND FOOD above all with an enormous passion. Today, they make it possible for Mexico to be positioned as one of the leading food producing countries worldwide. There is no doubt, thus, that those who have the leading role are our producers and it is necessary to highlight their work through information that accurately represents the food, agricultural and fishing production they generate. This is why the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock, Rural Development, Fishing and Food (SAGARPA), through the Food, Agriculture and Fishing Information Service (SIAP), monitors more than 818 agrifood products, which makes it possible to make decisions based on truthful and timely information in order to strengthen our sector. In presenting this 2016 Food and Agricultural Atlas, we stress Mexico’s potential in the production of 71 goods in which we rank amongst the first places in production volume at the international level. Likewise, this Atlas offers a wide outlook by subsector, serving as a tool for the enhancement of our fields and seas. May the effort of the SIAP accomplish to translate into figures every drop of sweat of those who have positioned us on the right path of the food and agriculture sector. 7

Food, Agriculture and Fishing Information Service (SIAP):Information that nourishesIn a truthful and timely manner, the SIAP integrates, systematizes and publishes official, How is the 1. Integrationstatistical and geospatial information on the Mexican agrifood sector. This strengthens informationand promotes the decision-making of the economic operators involved in the production, generated? Cader integrates and releases monthlydistribution and commercialization of the food that comes to our homes day by day. information to the DDR, which also How does reviews, authorizes and channels the state it make it possible? delegation which, in turn, verifies and provides the SIAP for its subsequent strategic analysis and systematization. Through the Agrifood Network in the From spaceWeb (RAW), the logging system installedin 33 Delegations, 92 Rural Development The geospatial technicians contribute to the integration of strategic agrifood information by Districts (DDR), and 713 Support developing important projects using geographic Centers for Rural Development information systems (GIS), satellite and drones’ (Cader) located throughout images, as well as GPS technology, the results of which reaffirm the statistics generated by the SIAP. the country. By land and sea Profile of the Synergy of the SIAP specialized staff with other entities* Agronomic, livestock and fishing technical personnel working in the • Agronomist International • Zootechnitian FAO Caders visit production units to • Veterinarian OECD monitor and collect periodic and • Economist substantial information on sowing • Geographer World Bank and harvesting activities, for both • Specialist in fishing subjects APEC Cepal livestock and fishing. NationalFuente: SIAP. Sistemas Producto 8 CNA UNA CRT Aneberries FIRA INCA *Representative sample with whom an agreement is present.

2. Analysis 3. Obtained data 4. Coverage Specialized professionals in the Agricultural: variables such as sowed, damaged, and harvested area, The municipal, state and national SIAP analyze, validate, compare, type and variety of crop, modality, productive cycles and information is updated every month and isand release information supported yield in the subsector. available on the SIAP portal. At the end of eachby tools and administrative records production year, the closure of the production Livestock: live and carcass weight of slaughtered animals and of other sources, standards, livestock population. per cycle is integrated for its use and satellite images, and drones; diffusion with different thematic, Fisheries: live and landed weight of aquaculture and sea species. among others. In addition: volume, price and value of the production of all products geographical and temporal focuses. of the Mexican field and sea, among others. Who is this How is the information generatedinformation useful to? by SIAP provided?To all decision-makers working for the development All the informational materials are disseminated through diverse means, of the Mexican countryside and seas: diversifying the way in which the interested audience can access them,• Governments of the three levels such as:• Autonomous bodies• International organizations and other nations • Food and Agricultural Atlas• Producers and companies • Agrifood infographics by entity• Educational and research institutions • SIAP website• Media • Sagarpa Produce• Independent users • Agrifood Information System (Siacon) • Agrifood sector statistical information bulletins • Editorial material • Multimedia products • Social networks • Fairs and exhibitions 9

Mexico: agrifood sector in figuresAgricultural, livestock and fishery production, 2015 TERRITORY Mexico has 1 million 964 thousand 375 km2 of land area and 3 million 149 thousand 920 km2 of sea. By extension is the 14th largest nation in the world. 109.8 million hectares 268.1 INFRASTRUCTURE Mexico has more than 3,000 agricultural warehouses; 133 thousand for livestock million animal slaughterhouses; 89 wholesale food outlets; 65 fishing ports; tonnes 26 thousand 727 km of railways; 389 thousand 345 km of road 761 thousand people fed and network; and 3 thousand 93 dams for agricultural irrigation. cared for cattle herds POPULATION Bred animals: Mexico has 121.6 million inhabitants, 8.9 million of which generate and transform agricultural and fishery goods. 1.7% of 538.6 33.5 858 the people in the world live in Mexico, the 12thmost populous million million billion nation in the world. birds attle MXN 11 thousand km of 17.4 26.9 million hectares coastline for fishing million sheep for agriculture and goats 120 thousand hectares 6 million people prepared 2 16.4 for aquaculture and harvested the land million million Sowed area: 130 thousand people caught hives swine 22.1 and farmed fish They fished: million hectares 1.3 million tonnes They bred: 361 thousand tonnes of species Livestock Volume Valor The convergence of territory, natural resources, animal inventory,20.2 millions infrastructure and workers is the factor that makes possible the (tonnes) (billions of pesos) national agricultural, livestock, and fishery production that allows 7.5% the country to be located in the following places: Fishing Fishing 1.7 millions 31 12th in world food production 3.7% 13th en producción mundial de cultivos agrícolas 0.7% 11th en producción mundial de ganadería primaria 16th en producción mundial pesquera y acuícola Agricultural Livestock Agricultural 246.2 millions 382 444 44.6% 51.7% 91.8%Sources: Conagua, Conapesca, Conapo, FAO, INEGI, SCT and SIAP. 10

Who generates the agricultural Profile of agricultural and fishery workersand fishing production in Mexico? Position at work Of the 50.8 million Mexican workers, 5.3 million are engaged in agricultural activities, other 819,000 in breeding and exploitation of livestock species and 139,000 in shing and aquaculture. 45.0% Paid workers and subordinates Population aged 15 years and over 37.1% Freelancers 89,372,445 12.6% Unpaid workersEconomically active 5.3% Employers 52,918,649 Level of education*Economically active – employed 8.8% Secondary and higher levels 25.2% Completed secondary Workers 50,778,629 per sector Activities education Agricultural 29.4% Completed primary 5,345,622 education 36.6% Did not complete primary education * People who did not indicate their education level represent 0.04 percent. Income level 29.2% Up to the minimum wage Tertiary Not indicated 26.8% More than 1 and up to 231,241,960 268,013 minimum wages 0.5% 61.5% Primary 6,427,384 12.7% 11.6% Más de 2 y hasta 5 salarios mínimos 1.3% More than 2 and up to 5 minimum wages 25.0% More than 5 minimum wages Livestock 6.1% No income 818,889 Secondary 22th place worldwide for the Gender 12,841,272 Fishing 139,242 number of people working in the 87.3% 12.7% 25.3% Others agricultural and shing sector, 123,631 where China has the largest 11Sources: SIAP with data from the National Survey on Occupation and Employment (ENOE) and 2015 FAO estimates. contingent with 500 million employed.

Agricultural and shing work, synonymouswith e ort and dedicationMexican farmers, ranchers and shermen generate a signi cant volume of products that meet the food needs of Livestockmillions of people and the input requirement of thousands of processing establishments. The knowledge of thesepeople is transcendental to obtain goods from the land and waters which are rich in avor, color, and shape, withadequate characteristics for the market. These attributes are the result of their e ort and daily dedication to themultiple activities that they carry out throughout the productive cycle. Main activities Sorting of herds Facilities maintenance Breeding control Marking animalsFarmer Preparation the living areas Assisting births Grazing lands maintenance Assembling apiaries Furrowing Hilling Cropping Cleaning equipment Tilling Applying agrochemicals Clearing fruits Shearing Plowing Watering Pruning in orescences Con ning animals Removal of weeds Pruning Weeding Grouping animals for supply Leveling and plotting Milking Seed selection Assembly of bales Loading the crop to a warehouse Cleaning animal stays Preparing transport crates Subsoiling Cutting Sacking Animal posture monitoring Sorting and collecting Mulching Sorting fruits Drying seeds Food preparation Honey Extraction Installation of irrigation systems Washing or cleaning Stripping or deveining Animal health monitoring Scattering of seeds Feeding livestock Placing of guides Shepherding Planting of cuttings Re lling troughsFisherman Provisioning of boat Preparing hooks Cleaning cold rooms Feed breeding species Cleaning the catch Eviscerating Boat maintenance Pond installation Installing sieges Dragging nets Disembarking the catch Filleting Searching for schools Fishing gear prepping Discarding sh Draining ponds Beheading Freezing Raising fry Capturing Casting nets Sorting12 Source: SIAP.

Women workers: empowering the elds On average, from 2011 to 2015, the participation ofStrengthening the strategic participation of women in the agricultural sector is necessary women as employers into boost the country's development and economy; and even to help eradicate poverty the three sectors of theand hunger more quickly and e ectively. By acting as farmers, cattle ranchers, tradersand entrepreneurs, their involvement in the sector is empowered and gender stereotypes economy was 19.7%.are avoided, for example, through equitable access to the production resources andservices they need to achieve greater performance.Percentage of women's participationas employers, 2011-201520.520.0 At a national level, 78.8% of those responsible for the19.5 production units are men and 21.2% are women.19.0 20.4 19.6 19.8 20.1 Women's access to Individuals responsible for Rural Economic18.5 land ownership has Unit according to their gender by stratum been increasing,18.0 18.6 mainly due to the 17.5 18.0 28.017.5 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 migration 2802..15 82.0 7192..60 of men to other 19.8 countries or to cities.Main entities with greater participation of women Lowin individual parcels in land ownership High Average Assets assets assets Men Sonora 16,699 Women Baja Entities with the highest percentage of women farmers'California participation, 2015 3,969 16 14 12 Ciudad de 10 México Durango 10,621 8 15 14 14 13 13 13 12 12 12 11 10 37,485 6 Puebla 4 Michoacán 51,100 Tabasco 50,112 Guerrero 2 12,147 95,290 0 Ciudad de México Colima Morelos Oaxaca Oaxaca 13, 044 153,704 TabascoSources: SIAP, Sagarpa, RAN, INEGI. Nuevo León Tlaxcala Morelos Tamaulipas Baja California Sur Zacatecas Resto 13

Mexico's agrifood export sectorMexico is among the nations that export most of its land and water Agrifood annual foreign tradeproducts; their variety and quality have contributed to the achievement (millions of dollars)of a favorable agrifood trade surplus of 960 million dollars in 2015, abalance not seen in the last 20 years. 6,497 Exports 7,822 Imports 8,341 Trade balance 9,925 Positive 11,806 Negative 14,941 960 18,293 21,605 26,714 25,753 -1,325 -1,584 -3,135 -3,313 2015 1996 2000 2005 2010 Agrifood exports and type of goods 2015 The dynamism of the Mexican agrifood export sector and the level reached in the international sales of its products during 2015 made possible to the country a Leadership in foreign income that surpasses the one which was obtained by remittances, the international markets one derived from the sale of oil and the one by foreign tourism. Cucumber Confectionery 2015 foreign income Tequila Tomato (millions of dollars) Lime Avocado Agrifood exports Beer Agro-industrials Agricultural Chili Strawberry 26,714 13,743 MDD 10,915 MDD Family remittances Bread 51.4% 40.9% Growth Potencial Chocolate Fishing Livestock and poultry Zucchini 24,785 897 MM USD 1,159 MM USD Growth Potencial 3.4% 4.3% Fruit preserves Banana Oil Exports Blackberry inteLrenaadteiornshailpminarkets Watermelon Onion 23,173 Sugar Raspberry Pork meat Lobster Tuna Cattle Growth Potencial Foreign tourism Beef Shrimp Potencial Honey 17,734 Fruit juice Growth Oyster Crab Sardine MM USD: Million American Dollars. Source: SIAP with gures from the Bank of Mexico, World Trade Organization and SAT-AGA.14

Mexican agrifood products Mexico's main agrifood markets 2015in international markets (millions of dollars)The existence of a network of 11 free trade agreements with 45 countries with apotential market of 1.462 billion people, encourages the search for new opportunitiesand better conditions for the sales of products of agricultural, livestock and shing origin ofMexico in the international markets. 6° Ne1th9e6rlands 3° Canada 7° UK 8° G1er9m2 any 556 195 20° It8a2ly 1° USA 19° C8u6ba 9° Spain 11° C1h2in9a 2° Japan 21,323 166 677 64% of total foreign exchange sales 4° Guatemala 16° Honduras 342 103 17° Panama2,542 to the exterior of agrifood products 13° El Salvador 97 from Mexico corresponds to the top 20 114 14° Costa Rica 5° Venezuela 114 299 products by commercial value. 10° Colombia 18° Brasil 1,888 1,666 138 15° Peru 86 111 12° Chile 127 1,187 Major agrifood products exported in 2015 In the value of world 1,134 (millions of dollars) exports, Mexico: 971 930 901 871 Ranking 0 807 Participation % 605 598 425 530 448Beer 414 398 Avocado 351 345 Tomato 320 Tequila Beef Berries Cattle Bakery Products Chilies and peppers Sugar Confectionery Chocolate Strawberry Nuts Onion Cucumber Pork meat lemon Shrimp Watermelon10 st 1st 2nd 1st 13th 4th 4th In the value of world exports, Mexico: 3rd 5th 4th 3rd 17th 2nd 13th 2nd% 19.8% 50.8% 21.5% 31.9% 2.4% 9.6% 11.2% 11th 3rd 6th 4th 11th 12.0% 4.4% 13.2% 19.2% 1.2% 12.4% 1.8% 23.6% 3.1% 19.0% 3.7% 6.0% 2.4% Note: Meat includes edible o al, and berries include blueberry, raspberry, and blackberry. Source: SIAP with data from the Bank of Mexico, Ministry of Economy and the UN. 15

Native and domesticated crops: Leading municipalitya pride for millennial Mexico Baja California Tomato EnsenadaMexico and Central America have been custodians, over the centuries, of a great wealth of native crops, many of which Campeche Sapote Campecheare of great importance nowadays in national and world agricultural production. The cultivated species that originated Chihuahuaor were domesticated in Mexico are, therefore, an ancient heritage that we can enjoy in a great diversity of products and CDMX Cotton Buenaventurathat we must protect for future generations. Guerrero Hidalgo Poinsettia Xochimilco Fuente: SIAP, CONABIO, SINAREFI. Jalisco Nopal Milpa Alta México Nanche Ayutla de los Libres 16 Michoacán Morelos Sentry Plant Cardonal Nayarit Oaxaca Chia Acatic Puebla Rum cherry Ecatzingo Quintana Roo Avocado Tancítaro Sinaloa Sweet potato Vista Hermosa Sonora Cherimoya Totolapan Tabasco Tlaxcala Soursop Compostela Veracruz Jicama Santiago Ixcuintla Yucatán Pitaya Santiago Chazumba Zacatecas Jatropha Huitzilan de Serdán ND Mexican hawthorn Soltepec Bixa Orellana José María Morelos (Achiote) Felipe Carrillo Puerto Chicle sapodilla Peanut Choix Green Chili Escuinapa Maize Guasave Pumpkin Hermosillo Cacao Cárdenas Manioc Jalapa Amaranth Cuapiaxtla Chayote Coscomatepec Vanilla Papantla Mamey sapote Akil Dragon fruit Dzidzantún Bean Sombrerete Dahlia No disponible Jojoba No disponible

























World ranking Cottonseed 1st 11thworld worldproducer China producer Mexico18,930,000 tonnes 587,337 tonnes 2015 foreign tradeAlthough China ranks first in cotton Of the first 15 nations with the highest 2014-2015 variation (%)crops, its volume is similar to that of volume produced, four are from theIndia, each generating an amount American continent, including Mexicoof more than 18.9 million tonnes. with a contribution of 0.8 percent.2015 foreign trade Imports Exports Trade balance Imports ExportsMexico acquires a significant volume of cottonseed from abroad, although in 2015 Votlounmnees 27,186 12,398 -14,788 -68.2 333.1there was a drop in its imports. Value 7.0 4.0 -3.0 -74.3 308.1Commercial origin-destination million USDAll of Mexico’s trade in cotton is held with the United States. Increase Decrease 4,013,150* Buyer Main USA (Mexican exports) Supplier (Mexican imports) Importer and Exporter* USD South Korea, China, Italy and Japan are the main importing countries of this industrial input. Adequate geographical characteristics for productionForeign trade evolution (million USD) 62.0 55.5 Altitude Rain Temperature Edaphology59.8 Between 0 and 700 to 1,300 20 to 30 °C Fertile soils with sandy-loamy to clay-loamy 500 MASL mm textures, pH between 5.5 and 8.0 48.6 40.2 42.9 27.2 Cotton sowing is carried out in regions with the ideal conditions, located 28.4 mainly in states of the Northeast and 24.6 Northwest of the country. 7.0 0.0003 0.428 0 0.010 0.04 0.896 0.493 0.522 0.983 4.013 Exports Imports 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015Monthly distribution of foreign trade(%) Exportaciones Importaciones Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov DecImports 11.8 6.7 8.0 7.8 7.5 8.0 9.2 6.5 6.2 11.7 8.7 7.9Exports 12.5 0.0 2.1 5.0 0.5 1.2 0.0 0.0 0.7 18.4 24.3 35.3 Cotton production potential 29

Amaranth The cultivation of amaranth showed a favorable behavior Percentage of the production value by state regarding the planted area and volume. The annual increase in the 2015 period indicates 29% and 30.6%, respectively, Tlaxcala destines little more than 3 thousand for each component. hectares for the production of this crop. In 2015, it contributed 56% to the national 2006-2015 National production volume volume and obtained 58 million MXN for the (thousands of tonnes) sale of this cereal. APvroemraedgioe 5 2006 2007 2008 20009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 20153 Tlaxcala 3 61.0 Top in production volume4 Puebla Main producing states4 18.7 4 Rank State 4 Volume Variation (%) Mexico Contribution to the national 4 (tonnes) 2014-2015 13.6 production of grains National total 5 1 Tlaxcala 7 8,551 30.6 With the Mexican volume of amaranth production, one 2 Puebla Variations % 9 4,795 36.6 “alegria”, a traditional Mexican sweet, could be distributed 3 Mexico 2,334 6.6 to each of the 4.6 million children of State of Mexico. 4 Mexico City 1,061 253.0 5 Morelos -6.7 2015 inYideldicators 6 Oaxaca 150 -66.3 7 Guanajuato 102 2.6 8 San Luis Potosi 70 NA 20 336.0 20 Surface Annual per capita consumption Sowed Lost Harvested Volume Value Yield Average rural 0.1% Million MXN price 7.0 g.6.9 7.1 Annual Thousand hectares Thousand Tonnes / 2014-2015 6 0.1 6 tonnes 95 hectare MXN / tonne AAGR 29.0 455.9 27.4 9 26.2 1.3 11,115 2006-2015 13.1 39.5 13.0 17.1 30.6 2.5 -3.4 11.2 -1.6 5.4 Increase DecreaseNational monthly production (%)The most significant amount of amaranth is obtained during the last three months of the year. Mostly available Moderately available Least or not available. 10.6 5.5 2.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 21.6 25.4 34.6 January February March April May June July August September October November December30

Amaranth 2015 foreign trade 2014-2015 variation (%)2015 foreign trade Votlounmnees Imports Exports Trade balance Imports Exports ValueEven though in 2015 there was a drop of 36% in the sales of amaranth abroad, the country USD 0 31.3 31.3 -100.0 -35.9had a favorable trade balance. 0 89,039 89,039 -100.0 -32.7Commercial origin-destination DecreaseThis traditional Mexican cereal was exported to nine countries, mostly to the United States. 39,572* Italy Main USA Buyer Chile (Mexican exports) Supplier (Mexican imports) Importer and Exporter * USDAchieving higher harvest volumes would enable the country to consolidate exports to markets such as Italy.Foreign trade evolution (thousand USD) Adequate geographical characteristics for production 132.2 Altitude Rain Temperature Edaphology 0 to 2,800 400 to 1,000 17 to 30 °C Well-drained soils, lithosols, vertisols, luvisols, MASL mm acrisols, regosols and andisols, pH of 7.0 - 8.0 86.1 87.1 89.0 39.7 The characteristics of the cultivation of amaranth allow for its adaptability 30.0 29.6 to diverse climates, from dry to humid 19.9 environments.7.0 2.0 3.4 2.1 0.0 2.6 0.4 0.0 Exports1.6 1.7 0.02 0.0 Imports 2014 20152006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Importaciones ExportacionesMonthly distribution of foreign trade(%)Imports Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Amaranth production potentialExports 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.2 78.6 6.2 0.1 0.0 11.2 0.6 0.1 0.0 31

Cranberry Baja California Percentage of the production value by state 26.6 Baja Californiais thestatethatobtainedthebestyieldinthe Of the states of the country which harvest of this small fruit in 2015: 13.4 tonnes per hectare. produce cranberry, Jalisco stands out for generating the greatest volume and 2006-2015 National production volume value of this crop. (thousands of tonnes) APvroemraedgioe 6 0.32006 2007 2008 2000.09 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Jalisco 0.1 35.5 0.2Top in production volume 2Main producing states Colima 1 17.8 7 7Rank State Volume Variation (%) Anthocyanin is the vegetable compound responsible for Contribution to the national 10 (tonnes) 2014-2015 the attractive and bright colors of cranberry, ranging production of fruits 18National total from bright red to violet or blue. VarViaartiiaotinosns%% 151 Jalisco15,489-14.1 0.1% 2 Colima 7,990 2.0 2015 iYniedldicators 3 Baja California 2,188 4 Michoacan 1,875 -55.9 5 Sinaloa 1,548 -19.5 6 Puebla 1,164 14.6 7 Mexico 672 8 Sonora 35 9.1 16 52.4 1.4 4.4 Surface Annual per capita consumption Sowed Lost Harvested Production Value Yield Average rural price 5.0 g.4.0 6.0 220011AA43nn--22nn00uu11aa54ll Thousand hectares Thousand Million MXN Tonnes / 22000064--AA22AA00GG11RR54 tonnes hectare MXN / tonne 3 NA 2 870 15 7.6 56,168 42.4 NA 12.6 -7.2 -14.1 -23.7 8.1 12.2 53.3 NA 49.0 57.2 76.3 5.5 Does not apply Increase DecreaseNational monthly production (%) Mostly available Moderately available Least or not availableThe greatest harvest of these small fruits is obtained during the last two months of the year. 4.5 4.8 10.4 5.7 6.7 8.1 7.4 7.7 2.1 5.4 14.1 23.1 January February March April May June July August September October November December32

World ranking Cranberry 1st 5th world world producer United States producer Mexico 10,160 tonnes 644,841 tonnes 2015 foreign trade The world harvest of cranberries reaches Mexican yield per hectare is among the 2014-2015 variation (%) 961,000 tonnes, the US has a planted highest of the countries with the crop, the surface of 48,000 hectares. United States has the best productivity in the world.2015 foreign trade Votlounmnees Imports Exports Trade balance Imports Exports ValueDuring the last years, the commercialization of national berries has been increasing, situation 2,109 11,158 9,049 -24.5 18.3that is reflected in greater exported volumes of Mexican cranberry. million USD 7.4 121.4 114.0 -22.8 43.3Commercial origin-destination Increase DecreaseThe United States acquires 96.3 percent of Mexico’s exports of this berry. Canada 113,331,257* Buyer Main USA (Mexican Japan exports) Supplier (Mexican imports) Importer and Exporter * USDNorway, Austria, France, Switzerland and Poland present opportunities for the sale of cranberry.Foreign trade evolution (million USD) Adequate geographical characteristics for production 121.4 Altitude Rain Temperature Edaphology 600 to 2,500 800 to 1,200 16 to 25 °C Light-textured soils with good drainage, MASL mm pH between 4.5 and 5.5 84.8 35.0 42.3 The different cultivated varieties require low temperatures over a variable period of time; for this reason, there are areas with high potential for planting in the Center and North of the Mexican Republic.1.6 2.7 4.5 6.0 11.2 15.7 10.3 5.9 9.6 7.40.2 0.5 1.4 2.2 7.5 11.2 2012 2013 2014 2015 Exports Imports2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 Exportaciones ImportacionesMonthly distribution of foreign trade(%) Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov DecImports 6.0 10.0 9.8 9.1 7.8 9.6 6.6 8.9 11.5 9.2 7.8 3.7Exports 5.8 7.6 12.0 26.0 13.2 5.1 1.1 0.8 1.9 7.1 8.4 11.0 Cranberry production potential 33

Paddy rice Percentage of the production value by state Even though the rice production in Guerrero, Veracruz and Nayarit, Michoacan and Campeche generate more Michoacan decreased in 2015, the increase in sowed surface than half of the national volume.Their contribution in Nayarit and Campeche contributed to obtain the best grain in 2015 was 139,766 tonnes. Among these states, volume since 2009. Nayarit stands out for obtaining the greatest value for the sale of this grain. 2006-2015 National production volume (thousands of tonnes) APvreormaegdeio 234 2006 2007 2008 20009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015337 Nayarit 295 25.8 224 Campeche 263Top 10 in production volume Michoacan 16.6 217Main producing states 13.9 173 Contribution to the national 179Rank State Volume Variation (%) Part of the paddy rice harvested in Mexico is the“Morelos production of grains 180 (tonnes) 2014-2015 Rice”, which bears the designation of origin, an attribute 232National total that distinguishes it as a gourmet cereal. 0.8% Variations % 2361 Nayarit236,0181.7 2 Campeche 65,290 36.6 2015 inYideldicators 3 Michoacan 41,216 33.6 4 Jalisco 33,261 -15.8 5 Colima 19,817 6.8 6 Tamaulipas 18,222 4.8 7 Morelos 16,257 7.6 8 Tabasco 12,893 4.7 9 Veracruz 12,834 2.1 10 Guerrero 12,809 -61.1 1,972 -17.5 Rest 1,449 -47.5 Surface Annual per capita consumption Sowed Lost Harvested Volume Value Yield Average rural Million MXN price 8.5 Kg.8.4 8.6 Annual Thousand hectares Thousand Tonnes / 2014-2015 42 1 41 tonnes 848 hectare MXN / tonne 236 AAGR 3.0 283.3 -0.01 -8.0 5.8 3,592 2006-2015 -6.0 -7.4 -5.9 1.7 3.1 -3.9 1.7 -9.5 2.2 7.3 Increase DecreaseNational monthly production (%) Mostly available Moderately available Least or not availableThe largest volumes of rice are obtained during autumn and winter. 6.2 4.6 2.5 1.1 2.8 7.8 3.4 6.4 5.5 7.9 32.0 19.8 January February March April May June July August September October November December34

World ranking Polished rice1st 66thworld worldproducer China producer Mexico203,612,192 tonnes 179,776 tonnes 2015 foreign tradeChinese rice paddies, with 30.3 Two of every 10,000 kilograms 2014-2015 variation (%)million hectares, generate the of rice harvested in the worldgreatest production of the planet. are grown in Mexico.2015 foreign trade Imports Exports Trade balance Imports ExportsFor each tonne of rice harvested in the country, four are imported. Votlounmnees 876,698 2,053 -874,645 1.2 7.3Commercial origin-destination Value 315.8 2.3 -313.5 -18.5 16.7 million USDFrom the United States comes 90.2% of the rice that Mexico imports. Increase Decrease 2,135,430* Main USA Cuba Buyer Belize (Mexican exports) * USD Supplier (Mexican China, Benin and South Africa are the largest importers of this important cereal. imports) Importer andForeign trade evolution (million USD) Exporter Adequate geographical characteristics for production 422.9 Altitude Rain Temperature Edaphology 0 to 100 1,000 to 1,900 25 to 33 °C Preferably non calcareous soils, with a depth 387.5 359.3 357.6 MASL mm greater than 60cm, pH of 5.2 - 8.0 309.8 359.5 315.8 335.6195.4 238.5 Yucatan, Chiapas and Guerrero have the right conditions for the production of rice; however, they are untapped regions. The highest volumes are obtained from areas with potential. 1.3 4.9 6.0 3.9 3.5 1.7 1.6 5.3 2.0 2.3 Exports Imports 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Exportaciones ImportacionesMonthly distribution of foreign trade(%) Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov DecImports 8.4 8.9 8.6 9.8 5.5 8.5 8.4 11.2 7.6 8.8 7.5 6.8Exports 5.7 8.0 9.2 8.4 6.5 7.8 10.3 7.8 5.8 10.4 11.1 9.0 Paddy rice production potential 35

Fodder oats This fodder is grown in 24 states, more than half of the Percentage of the production value by state production is obtained in Chihuahua, Durango and State of Mexico, of which the latter obtains the greatest yield Chihuahua Of the national production of fodder with 19.2 tonnes per hectare. 20.9 oats, 27.3% is produced in Chihuahua. The municipalities of Cuauhtemoc and 2006-2015 National production volume Guerrero represent more than two-fifths (thousands of tonnes) of the volume produced in said state. APvroemraedgieo 10,1657000 Durango 15.8 11,074 10,400 Mexico 11,022 14.3 10,600 10,015 Contribution to the national 6,266 production of fodders 10,903 11,168 8.0% 10,838 9,362 2006 2007 2008 20009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Top 10 in production volume Main producing states Rank State Volume Variation (%) The oat plant, for its use as animal feed, is in optimal conditions (tonnes) 2014-2015 to be cut between 71 to 93 days after being sown. National total 1 Chihuahua 9,362,182 -13.6 2015 inYideldicators 2 Durango 2,554,664 -31.7 3 Mexico 1,311,797 -23.0 Surface 4 Zacatecas 1,178,519 -3.3 5 Hidalgo 19.6 6 Coahuila 957,787 7.7 7 Guanajuato 581,713 1.6 8 Michoacan 559,003 -19.7 9 Jalisco 358,390 1.8 10 Tlaxcala 345,806 3.2 297,374 24.7 Rest 281,665 -4.8 935,464 Variations % Annual Sowed Lost Harvested Volume Value Yield Average rural 2014-2015 Million MXN price Thousand hectares Thousand Tonnes / AAGR 716 15 701 tonnes 4,127 hectare MXN / tonne 2006-2015 9,362 -2.1 224.7 -3.5 -9.7 13.4 441 -1.2 -2.2 -1.2 -13.6 2.3 -1.8 -10.5 4.5 -0.7 4.2 Increase DecreaseNational monthly production (%) Mostly available Moderately available Least or not availableThe highest production of this agricultural good was recorded during the fourth quarter of the year. 5.0 3.4 6.7 7.0 6.2 3.6 1.6 1.0 1.2 14.8 31.1 18.4 January February March April May June July August September October November December36

Fodder oats 2015 foreign trade 2014-2015 variation (%)2015 foreign trade Imports Exports Trade balance Imports ExportsRegarding livestock feed, Mexican foreign trade focuses on balanced foods; as a result, the Votlounmnees 947 600 -347 143.7 45.9commercialized flows of fodder oats are minimal. Value 449,464 79,063 -370,401 199.5 -6.7Commercial origin-destination USDIt is with the North American countries with which Mexico has commercial trade for this fodder. Increase Decrease 79,063* Buyer Main USA (Mexican exports) Supplier (Mexican imports) Importer and Exporter * USD Adequate geographical characteristics for productionForeign trade evolution (thousand USD) Altitude Rain Temperature Edaphology 1,000 to 3,000 400 to 1,300 12 to 17 °C Clay or clay-loamy soils with water retention, MASL mm pH of 5.0 - 7.01,038.2655.7 The highest production volumes are obtained from areas with non-favorable 450.1 465.0 455.4 465.0 455.4 449.5 conditions; currently, the regions of the Center and South of the country which 177.5 242.7 do present favorable conditions are not 17.7 4.6 150.1 the most exploited. 66.4 110.7 66.4 110.7 173.4 84.7 79.1 Exports Imports2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Exportaciones ImportacionesMonthly distribution of foreign trade(%)Imports Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Fodder oats production potentialExports 35.6 2.3 2.2 8.0 0.0 0.0 9.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 42.8 0.0 2.9 10.3 21.6 46.7 12.8 2.9 2.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 37

Oat grain Percentage of the production value by state In 2015, the harvested volume was 8.8% lower as a result of Chihuahua Five out of every 10 tonnes of grain oats an increased lost area; however, the value of production was 51.4 are produced in Chihuahua, which makes the most significant of the last three years. it the leading producer of this cereal. 2006-2015 National production volume (thousands of tonnes) APvreomraegdieo 107 1522006 2007 2008 20009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Zacatecas Mexico 125 10.1 19.3 148 130Top 10 in production volume 111Main producing states 51 84Rank State Volume Variation (%) Oatmeal is an ideal food for athletes as it provides slow release carbohydrates, 91 (tonnes) 2014-2015 which help maintain energy levels for longer. 93National total Variations % 851 Chihuahua84,789-8.8 2015 inYideldicators Contribution to the national 2 Mexico 42,340 -11.3 production of grains 3 Zacatecas 18,483 4 Hidalgo 6,139 2.8 0.3% 5 Durango 6,113 -2.8 6 Tlaxcala 4,550 -45.8 7 San Luis Potosi 2,476 -3.1 8 Jalisco 2,168 8.9 9 Puebla 2,016 344.7 10 Veracruz 21.8 486 0.2 Rest 12 21.9 7 -95.0 Surface Annual per capita consumption Sowed Lost Harvested Volume Value Yield Average rural Million MXN price 1.9 Kg.1.8 2.0 Annual Thousand hectares Thousand Tonnes / 2014-2015 49 2 47 tonnes 344 hectare MXN / tonne AAGR -9.0 66.4 -10.1 85 5.5 1.8 4,060 2006-2015 -5.2 -7.1 -5.2 0.9 -8.8 1.4 15.7 -6.3 -1.2 7.7 Increase DecreaseNational monthly production (%) Mostly available Moderately available Least or not availableThis cereal is harvested when the plant reaches a height of 30 to 35 centimeters. 3.3 0.1 0.0 0.1 4.0 14.4 7.8 1.4 0.5 11.0 35.7 21.7 January February March April May June July August September October November December38

World ranking Oat grain 1st 31st world world producer Russia producer Mexico 4,931,822 tonnes 91,049 tonnes 2015 foreign trade The area harvested by the countries that Five of every thousand hectares planted with 2014-2015 variation (%) produce grain oats was 9.8 million hectares, this grain in the world correspond to Mexico, a third of which is located in Russian territory. which contributes 0.4% to its supply.2015 foreign trade Imports Exports Trade balance Imports ExportsOf the total grain oats consumed in Mexico, one third comes from the imported volume. Votlounmnees 142,073 150 -141,923 8.3 -60.5Commercial origin-destination Value 46.1 0.1 -46.0 -13.0 -52.8 million USDCanada buys almost the entire exportable Mexican grain production and is also its main supplier. Increase Decrease 59,046* Buyer Main Canada (Mexican exports) United Supplier States (Mexican imports) Cuba Importer and Exporter * USD Adequate geographical characteristics for production Germany is the world’s largest importer of grain oats with an annual average of 284 thousand tonnes. Altitude Rain Temperature Edaphology 1,000 to 3,000 400 to 1,300 12 to 17 °C Silty-clay or clay-loamy soils of mediumForeign trade evolution (thousand USD) MASL mm depth, pH of 5.5 - 7.5 64,679.8 41,067.6 40,156.2 52,953.7 42,911.5 46,050.5 The cultivation of grain oats in Mexico occurs in regions that are not conducive 23,114.2 24,978.2 to its development; however, there are16,958.4 14,123.3 great possibilities for production in the Center of the country that have not been seized yet. 487.3 336.2 12.9 10.0 49.7 4.4 51.5 486.7 144.9 68.4 Exports Imports 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015Monthly distribution of foreign trade(%)Exportaciones ImportacionesImports Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Grain oats production potentialExports 18.2 2.5 23.8 3.0 3.0 3.2 3.6 25.9 4.0 3.9 4.2 4.7 49.5 46.8 0.0 0.8 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.8 1.0 0.5 0.0 39