ترجمة البلقيني دراسة و تحقيق

‫َﻗﺎ َل َﺷ ْﻴ ُﺨ َﻨﺎ َر ِ َﴈ ا ُﷲ َﻋ ْﻨ ُﻪ ‪َ :‬ﻫ َﺬا ﳑﻨﻮ ٌع ﻣﻦ ِﺟ َﻬ ِﺔ َأ ﱠﻧ ُﻪ َﺟﺎ َء ِﰲ ﺑﻌ ِﺾ ُﻃ ِﺮ ِق ا َْﳊ ِﺪﻳﺚ ‪َ \" :‬د َﻋـﺎ ﺑِ ِﻤﻴ َﻀـ َﺄ ٍة\")‪،(1‬‬ ‫وأﻳ ًﻀﺎ ﻓ َﻬ َﺬا ﻣﻦ ا َﳌ َﺠﺎ ِز ا َﳌ ْﺸ ُﻬﻮر‪ ،‬وا ﱠﻟ ِﺬي ُﻫ ِﺠ َﺮ ْت َﺣ ِﻘﻴ َﻘ ُﺘﻪ‪ ،‬و ُﻫ َﻮ ُﻣ َﻘ ﱠﺪ ٌم َﻋ َﲆ ا َﳊ ِﻘﻴ َﻘ ِﺔ‪ ،‬وأﻳ ًﻀﺎ ﻓﻠﻢ ُﻳﻨْ َﻘ ْﻞ َﻋـﻦ َأ َﺣـ ٍﺪ‬ ‫ﻣ َﻦ اﻟ ﱠﺼ َﺤﺎ َﺑ ِﺔ َأ ﱠﻧ ُﻪ َﻛﺎ َن ﻳﺘﻮ ﱠﺿ ُﺄ ُﺛ ﱠﻢ َ ْﳚ َﻤ ُﻊ َﻣﺎ ﺗﻮ ﱠﺿ َﺄ ﺑﻪ‪ُ ،‬ﺛ ﱠﻢ ﻳﺘﻮ ﱠﺿ ُﺄ ﺑﻪ ﺛﺎﻧ ًﻴﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓِﻴﻌ ُﲔ ا َﳊ ْﻤـ ُﻞ َﻋـ َﲆ اﳌﻌﻨـﻰ اﻷَ ﱠو ِل‪ ،‬وﻗـﺪ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻨﺒ َﻂ)‪ (2‬ﺑﻌ ُﺾ اﻟ ُﻌ َﻠ َﲈ ِء ِﻣ ْﻦ َﻣ ْﺴ َﺄ َﻟ ِﺔ اﺳﺘﻌ َﲈ ِل اﻟﻨﱠﺎﻗِ ِﺺ َﻣﺎ ﻳﻘﺘﴤ أﳖﻢ َأ ْ َﲨ ُﻌﻮا َﻋ َﲆ َﻣﻨْ ِﻊ اﺳـﺘﻌ َﲈ ِل اﳌَـﺎ ِء اﳌُ ْﺴـ َﺘ ْﻌ َﻤﻞ‪،‬‬ ‫َﻗﺎ َل ‪ :‬ﻷَ ﱠﳖﻢ َأ ْ َﲨ ُﻌﻮا َﻋ َﲆ ﻗﻮﻟﲔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻤﻨﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ َﻗﺎ َل َﻳ ْﺴ َﺘ ْﻌ ِﻤ ُﻞ اﻟﻨﱠﺎﻗِ َﺺ ُﺛ ﱠﻢ َﻳﺘﻴ ﱠﻤ ُﻢ‪ ،‬وﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ ‪/45‬ب َﻗـﺎ َل ‪ :‬ﻳﻘﺘ ُﴫـ‬ ‫َﻋ َﲆ اﻟ ﱠﺘ َﻴ ﱡﻤ ِﻢ)‪ ،(3‬وﱂ ُﻳ ْﻨ َﻘ ْﻞ َﻋﻦ َأ َﺣ ٍﺪ ِﻣﻨْ ُﻬﻢ َأ ﱠﻧ ُﻪ َﻳ ْﺴ َﺘ ْﻌ ِﻤ ُﻠ ُﻪ ُﺛ ﱠﻢ َ ْﳚ َﻤ ْﻌﻪ ُﺛ ﱠﻢ َﻳ ْﺴ َﺘ ْﻌ ِﻤ ُﻠ ُﻪ إِ َﱃ أن ﻳﻔﻨﻰ‪ ،‬وﻓِﻴﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ‬ ‫َو ِﻣ ْﻦ َذﻟِ َﻚ اﻋﱰا ُﺿ ُﻪ َﻋ َﲆ اﻟ ﱠﺸ ْﻴ ِﺦ َﺗ ِﻘ ﱢﻲ اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳ ِﻦ اﻟﻘﺸﲑي ِﰲ َﻗ ْﻮﻟِ ِﻪ ِﰲ َﺣ ِﺪﻳ ِﺚ اﺑ ِﻦ)‪ (4‬ﻋﻤﺮ ِﰲ اﺳﺘﺪﺑﺎ ِر اﻟﻘﺒﻠـ ِﺔ‬ ‫ِﰲ اﻟﺒﻨﻴﺎن ‪\" :‬وﻟﻌﻞ ﻗﺎﺋ ًﻼ ﻳﻘﻮل ‪ :‬أﻗﻴﺲ اﻻﺳﺘﻘﺒﺎل ِﰲ اﻟﺒﻨﻴﺎن‪ ،‬وإن َﻛﺎ َن ﻣﺴﻜﻮ ًﺗﺎ َﻋﻨﻪ َﻋ َﲆ اﻻﺳـﺘﺪﺑﺎر ا ﱠﻟـ ِﺬي ورد‬ ‫ﻓِﻴﻪ ا َْﳊ ِﺪﻳﺚ\")‪(5‬‬ ‫َﻗﺎ َل َﺷ ْﻴ ُﺨ َﻨﺎ اﻟ َﻮاﻟِﺪ َر ِ َﴈ ا ُﷲ َﻋﻨْ ُﻪ ‪َ :‬ﻫ َﺬا ﻻ ُ ْﳛ َﺘﺎ ُج إﻟﻴﻪ ﻣﻊ ورو ِد اﻷﺣﺎدﻳ ِﺚ ﺑﺎﺳـﺘﻘﺒﺎ ِل اﻟ ِﻘ ْﺒ َﻠـ ِﺔ ِﰲ اﻟﺒﻨﻴـﺎن‬ ‫ِﻣ ْﻦ َﻃ ِﺮﻳ ِﻖ َﺟﺎﺑِﺮ)‪ ،(1‬و َﻋﺎﺋِ َﺸﺔ)‪ (2‬ﺑﺈﺳﻨﺎدﻳﻦ ﺣﺴﻨﲔ‪ ،‬و ِﻣ ْﻦ َﻃ ِﺮﻳ ِﻖ اﺑ ِﻦ ُﻋ َﻤﺮ)‪ (3‬ﻧﻔﺴﻪ‪َ ،‬ﻟﻜِﻦ ﺑﺈﺳﻨﺎدٍ ﻓِﻴﻪ ِﻋﻴ َﺴـﻰ ا َﳊﻨﱠـﺎط‪،‬‬ ‫)‪ُ (1‬ﺳﻨَ ُﻦ َأ ِﰊ َدا ُود ‪) :‬ص‪ِ (1) ،(21‬ﻛ َﺘﺎ ُب اﻟ ﱠﻄ َﻬﺎ َر ِة‪َ (50) ،‬ﺑﺎ ُب ِﺻ َﻔ ِﺔ ُو ُﺿﻮ ِء اﻟﻨﱠﺒِ ّﻲ َﺻـ ﱠﲆ ا ُﷲ َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴـ ِﻪ َو َﺳـ ﱠﻠ َﻢ‪ ،(108) ،‬ﺑﻠﻔـﻆ ‪َ \" :‬ﻓـ ُﺄﺗِ َﻰ‬ ‫ﺑِ ِﻤﻴ َﻀ َﺄ ٍة\"‪ .‬واﳌﻴﻀﺄة ﻛﲈ ﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ اﻷﺛﲑ ﰲ اﻟﻨﻬﺎﻳﺔ‪ : (380/4) ،‬ﻣﻄﻬﺮ ٌة ﻛﺒﲑ ٌة ُﻳ َﺘ َﻮ ﱠﺿ ُﺄ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﻟﺸﻴﺦ اﻷﻟﺒﺎﲏ ‪ :‬إﺳﻨﺎده ﺣﺴﻦ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‪ ،‬وﻗﺎل أﻳ ًﻀﺎ ‪ :‬وﻫﺬا إﺳﻨﺎد ﺣﺴﻦ‪ ،‬رﺟﺎﻟﻪ ﺛﻘﺎت ﻣﺸﻬﻮرون‪ ،‬ﻏﲑ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﺑﻦ زﻳﺎد اﳌـﺆذن‪،‬‬ ‫ﻓﻮﺛﻘﻪ اﺑﻦ ﺣﺒﺎن وﺣﺪه‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻦ روى ﻋﻨﻪ ﲨﻊ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺜﻘﺎت؛ وﻗﺪ ﺗﻮﺑﻊ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ ‪ :‬ذﻛﺮه اﺑﻦ ﺣﺒﺎن ﰲ اﻟﺜﻘﺎت‪ ،‬وﱂ ﻳﴫح ﺑﺘﻮﺛﻴﻘﻪ‪ ،‬وﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ ‪ :‬ﻣﻘﺒﻮل‪ ،‬وﺗﻮﺑﻊ ﻓﲑﺗﻘﻲ إﺳﻨﺎده إﱃ اﳊﺴﻦ ﻛـﲈ ﻗـﺎل اﻟﺸـﻴﺦ‬ ‫اﻷﻟﺒﺎﲏ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬اﻟﺜﻘﺎت‪ ،‬ﻻﺑﻦ ﺣﺒﺎن‪ ،(262/8) ،‬وﺗﻘﺮﻳﺐ اﻟﺘﻬﺬﻳﺐ‪ ،‬ﻻﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ‪ ،(2311) ،‬وﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﺳﻨﻦ أﰊ داود‪.(181/1) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ِ (2‬ﰲ )ب( \"أﺳﻘﻂ\" ﺧﻄﺄ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪َ (3‬ﻫ َﺬان اﻟ َﻘ ْﻮ َﻻن ﻟﻺ َﻣﺎ ِم اﻟ ﱠﺸﺎﻓِ ِﻌ ّﻲ‪ ،‬ﻓﻤﻦ َﻗﺎ َل ﺑﺄﺣﺪ َﳘﺎ ﻓﻘﺪ ﺗﺒ َﻊ أﺣ َﺪ َﻣ ْﺬ َﻫﺒﻴﻪ اﻟﻘﺪﻳﻢ َأ ْو اﳉﺪﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺪ َﻗﺎ َل ِﰲ اﻷُ ﱢم ‪َ \" :‬وإِ َذا َو َﺟ َﺪ اﻟ ﱠﺮ ُﺟـ ُﻞ‬ ‫اﳌُ َﺴﺎﻓِ ُﺮ َﻣﺎ ًء َﻻ ُﻳ َﻄ ﱢﻬ ُﺮ َأ ْﻋ َﻀﺎ َء ُه ُﻛ ﱠﻠ َﻬﺎ‪َ ،‬ﱂْ َﻳ ُﻜ ْﻦ َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴ ِﻪ َأ ْن َﻳ ْﻐ ِﺴ َﻞ ِﻣﻨْ َﻬﺎ َﺷ ْﻴ ًﺌﺎ\"‪َ .‬ﻗﺎ َل اﻟ ﱠﺮﺑِﻴ ُﻊ ‪َ :‬و َﻟ ُﻪ َﻗ ْﻮ ٌل آ َﺧ ُﺮ إ ﱠﻧ ُﻪ َﻳ ْﻐ ِﺴ ُﻞ ﺑِ َﲈ َﻣ َﻌ ُﻪ ِﻣ ْﻦ اﳌَﺎ ِء َﺑ ْﻌـ َﺾ‬ ‫َأ ْﻋ َﻀﺎ ِء ا ْﻟ ُﻮ ُﺿﻮ ِء‪َ ،‬و َﻳ َﺘ َﻴ ﱠﻤ َﻢ َﺑ ْﻌ َﺪ َذ ِﻟ َﻚ‪َ .‬ﻗﺎ َل اﻟ ﱠﺮﺑِﻴ ُﻊ ‪ :‬ﻷ ﱠن اﻟ ﱠﻄ َﻬﺎ َر َة َﱂْ َﺗﺘِﻢ ﻓِﻴ ِﻪ َﻛ َﲈ َﻟ ْﻮ َﻛﺎ َن َﺑ ْﻌ ُﺾ َأ ْﻋ َﻀﺎ ِء ا ْﻟ ُﻮ ُﺿﻮ ِء َﺟ ِﺮ ًﳛﺎ َﻏ َﺴ َﻞ َﻣﺎ َﺻ ﱠﺢ ِﻣﻨْ ُﻪ‬ ‫َو َﺗ َﻴ ﱠﻤ َﻢ؛ ﻷ ﱠن اﻟ ﱠﻄ َﻬﺎ َر َة َﱂْ َﺗ ْﻜ ُﻤ ْﻞ ﻓِﻴ ِﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫وﻳﺒﺪو أن اﻟ ﱢﺸ َﲑا ِز ﱠي ﻋﻜ َﺲ اﻟ َﻘ ْﻮﻟﲔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺪ َﻗﺎ َل ‪ :‬وإن وﺟ َﺪ ﺑﻌ ُﺾ َﻣﺎ ﻳﻜ ِﻔﻴﻪ ﻟﻠﻄﻬﺎر ِة ﻓ ِﻔﻴﻪ َﻗ ْﻮ َﻻن ‪َ :‬ﻗﺎ َل ِﰲ ا ُﻷ ﱢم ‪ :‬ﻳﻠﺰﻣﻪ اﺳﺘﻌ َﲈل َﻣﺎ ﻣﻌﻪ‬ ‫ُﺛ ﱠﻢ ﻳﺘﻴﻤﻢ؛ ﻟﻘﻮﻟِﻪ ﻋﺰ وﺟﻞ ‪) ¼ »º¹ :‬اﻟﻨﺴﺎء ‪ ،43 :‬اﳌَﺎﺋﺪة ‪َ ،(6 :‬و َﻗﺎ َل ِﰲ اﻟﻘﺪﻳ ِﻢ واﻹﻣﻼ ِء ‪ :‬ﻳﻘﺘ ُﴫ َﻋ َﲆ اﻟﺘﻴﻤﻢ؛‬ ‫ﻷ ﱠن ﻋﺪم ﺑﻌﺾ اﻷﺻﻞ ﺑﻤﻨﺰﻟﺔ ﻋﺪم اﳉﻤﻴﻊ ِﰲ ﺟﻮاز اﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎر َﻋ َﲆ اﻟﺒﺪل‪ ،‬وﻛﺬا ﺗﺒﻌﻪ اﻟﻨﱠ َﻮ ِو ّي َﻋ َﲆ َذ ِﻟ َﻚ‪.‬‬ ‫ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪ :‬اﻷ ﱠم‪ ،‬ﻟﻠ ﱠﺸﺎﻓِ ِﻌ ّﻲ‪ ،(104/2) ،‬واﳌُ َﻬ ﱠﺬ َب‪ ،‬ﻟﻠﺸﲑازي‪ ،(132/1) ،‬وﴍ َﺣﻪ‪ ،‬ﻟﻠﻨﱠ َﻮ ِو ّي‪.(268/2) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ِ (4‬ﰲ )ب( \"ﺑﻦ\" ﺧﻄﺄ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (5‬إِ ْﺣ َﻜﺎ ُم ا ْ َﻷ ْﺣ َﻜﺎم َ ْﴍح ُﻋ ْﻤ َﺪة اﻷَ ْﺣ َﻜﺎ ِم‪=.(57/1) ،‬‬ ‫‪240‬‬

‫=)‪ُ (1‬ﺳ َﻨ ُﻦ َأ ِﰊ َدا ُود‪):‬ص‪ (1) ،(7‬ﻛِ َﺘﺎ ُب اﻟ ﱠﻄ َﻬﺎ َر ِة‪َ (5) ،‬ﺑﺎ ُب اﻟ ﱡﺮ ْﺧ َﺼ ِﺔ ِﰲ َذ ِﻟ َﻚ‪ ،(13) ،‬ﺳﻨﻦ اﻟ ﱢ ْﱰ ِﻣ ِﺬ ّي ‪) :‬ص‪ (1) ،(14‬ﻛِ َﺘﺎب اﻟ ﱠﻄ َﻬﺎ َر ِة‪،‬‬ ‫)‪َ (7‬ﺑﺎ ُب َﻣﺎ َﺟﺎ َء ِﻣ َﻦ اﻟ ﱡﺮ ْﺧ َﺼ ِﺔ ِﰲ َذﻟِ َﻚ‪ُ ،(9) ،‬ﺳ َﻨ ُﻦ اﺑﻦ َﻣﺎﺟﻪ ‪) :‬ص‪ (1) ،(75‬ﻛِ َﺘﺎ ُب اﻟ ﱠﻄ َﻬـﺎ َر ِة وﺳـﻨﻨﻬﺎ‪َ (18) ،‬ﺑـﺎ ُب اﻟ ﱡﺮ ْﺧ َﺼـ ِﺔ ِﰲ‬ ‫َذ ِﻟ َﻚ ِﰲ ا ْﻟ َﻜﻨِﻴ ِﻒ‪َ ،‬وإِ َﺑﺎ َﺣﺘِ ِﻪ ُدو َن اﻟ ﱠﺼ َﺤﺎ ِري‪ ،(325) ،‬ﻛﻠﻬﻢ ِﻣ ْﻦ َﻃ ِﺮﻳ ِﻖ ُ َﳏ ﱠﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ إِ ْﺳ َﺤﺎق‪َ ،‬ﻋﻦ أﺑﺎن ﺑﻦ ﺻﺎﻟﺢ‪َ ،‬ﻋﻦ ﳎﺎﻫﺪ‪َ ،‬ﻋﻦ ﺟﺎﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ َﻋ ْﺒﺪ ا ِﷲ ﺑﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫واﺧﺘﻠﻒ َﻋ َﲆ ُ َﳏ ﱠﻤ ِﺪ ﺑﻦ إِ ْﺳ َﺤﺎق‪ ،‬وأﺑﺎن ﺑﻦ ﺻﺎﻟﺢ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﻓﺼﻞ اﻟ َﻘ ْﻮل ﻓﻴﻬ َﲈ ‪:‬‬ ‫أو ًﻻ ‪َ ُ :‬ﳏ ﱠﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ إِ ْﺳ َﺤﺎق‪:‬‬ ‫َو ﱠﺛ َﻘﻪ ا ْﺑ ُﻦ َﻣ ِﻌﲔ ﴏاﺣﺔ‪َ ،‬و َزا َد ‪ :‬وﻟﻴﺲ ﺑﺤﺠﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫َو َﻗﺎ َل َﻋِ ﱡﲇ ﺑﻦ اﳌَ ِﺪﻳﻨِ ّﻲ ‪ :‬ﻣﺪار َﺣ ِﺪﻳ ِﺚ رﺳﻮل اﷲ َﺻ ﱠﲆ ا ُﷲ َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴ ِﻪ َو َﺳ ﱠﻠ َﻢ َﻋ َﲆ ﺳﺘﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺬﻛﺮﻫﻢ‪ُ ،‬ﺛ ﱠﻢ ﻗﺎل ‪ :‬ﻓﺼﺎر ﻋﻠ ُﻢ اﻟ ﱢﺴ ﱠﺘ ِﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ اﺛﻨﻰ ﻋﴩ‪،‬‬ ‫أﺣﺪﻫﻢ ُ َﳏ ﱠﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ إِ ْﺳ َﺤﺎق‪َ ،‬و َﻗﺎ َل َﻣ ﱠﺮة ‪َ :‬ﺣ ِﺪﻳﺜﻪ ﻋﻨﺪي َﺻ ِﺤﻴﺢ‪َ ،‬و َﻗﺎ َل َﻣ ﱠﺮة ‪ :‬ﺻﺎﻟﺢ وﺳﻂ‪.‬‬ ‫َو َﻗﺎ َل َأ ْ َﲪ ُﺪ ‪َ :‬ﺻ ُﺪوق ِﰲ ا َْﳊ ِﺪﻳﺚ‪.‬‬ ‫َو َذ َﻛ َﺮه اﺑ ُﻦ ِﺣ ﱠﺒﺎن ِﰲ اﻟ ﱢﺜ َﻘﺎت‪ ،(380/7) ،‬و َﻓ ﱠﺼ َﻞ اﻟ َﻘ ْﻮ َل ﻓﻴﻪ‪َ ،‬ﻓ َﻘﺎ َل ‪ :‬وﻗﺪ ﺗﻜﻠ َﻢ ِﰲ اﺑ ِﻦ إِ ْﺳ َﺤﺎق رﺟﻼن ‪ :‬ﻫﺸﺎم ﺑﻦ ﻋﺮوة و َﻣﺎ ِﻟﻚ ﺑﻦ‬ ‫أﻧﺲ ﻓﺄ ﱠﻣﺎ ﻫﺸﺎم ﺑﻦ ﻋﺮوة َﻓ َﻘﺎ َل ﻟﻪ ﳛﻴﻰ ﺑﻦ َﺳ ِﻌﻴﺪ اﻟ َﻘ ﱠﻄﺎن ‪ :‬إن اﺑﻦ إِ ْﺳ َﺤﺎق ﳛﺪث ﻋﻦ ﻓﺎﻃﻤﺔ ﺑﻨﺖ اﳌﻨﺬر‪ ،‬ﻗـﺎل ‪ :‬وﻫـﻞ ﻛـﺎن ﻳﺼـﻞ‬ ‫إﻟﻴﻬﺎ؟ ﻓﻌﻘ َﺐ اﺑ ُﻦ ِﺣ ﱠﺒﺎن َﻋ َﲆ َذﻟِ َﻚ ﺑﻘﻮﻟﻪ ‪ :‬و َﻫ َﺬا اﻟﺬي ﻗﺎﻟﻪ ﻫﺸﺎم ﺑﻦ ﻋﺮوة َﻟ ْﻴ َﺲ ﳑﱠﺎ ﳚﺮح ﺑﻪ اﻹﻧﺴﺎن ِﰲ ا َْﳊ ِﺪﻳﺚ؛ و َذﻟِ َﻚ أن اﻟﺘﺎﺑﻌﲔ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻞ اﻷﺳﻮد وﻋﻠﻘﻤﺔ ﻣﻦ أﻫﻞ اﻟﻌﺮاق وأﰊ ﺳﻠﻤﺔ وﻋﻄﺎء ودوﳖ َﲈ ﻣﻦ أﻫﻞ اﳊﺠﺎز ﻗﺪ ﺳﻤﻌﻮا ﻣﻦ َﻋﺎﺋِ َﺸﺔ ﻣﻦ َﻏ ْﲑ أن ﻳﻨﻈـﺮوا إﻟﻴﻬـﺎ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺳﻤﻌﻮا ﺻﻮﲥﺎ‪ ،‬وﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﻨﺎس أﺧﺒﺎرﻫﻢ ﻣﻦ َﻏ ْﲑ أن ﻳﺼ َﻞ أﺣ ُﺪﻫﻢ إﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﺣﺘﻰ ﻳﻨﻈﺮ إﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﻋﻴﺎ ًﻧﺎ‪ ،‬وﻛ َﺬﻟِ َﻚ اﺑﻦ إِ ْﺳ َﺤﺎق ﻛﺎن ﻳﺴﻤﻊ ﻣـﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻃﻤﺔ واﻟﺴﱰ ﺑﻴﻨﻬ َﲈ ﻣﺴﺒﻞ‪َ ،‬أ ْو ﺑﻴﻨﻬ َﲈ ﺣﺎﺋﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳﺴﻤﻊ ﻛﻼﻣﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓ َﻬ َﺬا ﺳ َﲈ ٌع َﺻ ِﺤﻴﺢ‪ ،‬واﻟﻘﺎد ُح ﻓﻴـﻪ َﲠـ َﺬا َﻏـ ْﲑ ﻣﻨﺼـﻒ‪ ،‬وأ ﱠﻣـﺎ‬ ‫َﻣﺎﻟِﻚ ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻛﺎن َذﻟِ َﻚ ِﻣ ْﻨ ُﻪ ﻣﺮة َوا ِﺣﺪة ُﺛ ﱠﻢ ﻋﺎد ﻟﻪ إِ َﱃ َﻣﺎ ﳛﺐ و َذﻟِ َﻚ َأ ﱠﻧ ُﻪ ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﺑﺎﳊﺠﺎز أﺣﺪ َأ ْﻋ َﻠﻢ ﺑﺄﻧﺴﺎب اﻟﻨﺎس وأﻳﺎﻣﻬﻢ ﻣـﻦ ُ َﳏ ﱠﻤـﺪ‬ ‫اﺑﻦ إِ ْﺳ َﺤﺎق‪ ،‬وﻛﺎن ﻳﺰﻋ ُﻢ أ ﱠن َﻣﺎﻟ ًﻜﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻮاﱄ ذي أﺻﺒﺢ‪ ،‬وﻛﺎن َﻣﺎﻟِﻚ ﻳﺰﻋﻢ َأ ﱠﻧ ُﻪ ﻣﻦ َأ ْﻧﻔﺴﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻓﻮﻗﻊ ﺑﻴﻨﻬ َﲈ َﳍ َﺬا ﻣﻔﺎوﺿﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠ ﱠﲈ َﺻـﻨﱠ َﻒ‬ ‫َﻣﺎ ِﻟ ٌﻚ اﳌﻮﻃﺄ‪َ ،‬ﻗﺎ َل اﺑ ُﻦ إِ ْﺳ َﺤﺎق ‪ :‬اﺋﺘﻮﻧﻰ ﺑﻪ ﻓﺈﻧﻰ ﺑﻴﻄﺎره‪ ،‬ﻓﻨﻘﻞ َذﻟِ َﻚ إِ َﱃ َﻣﺎﻟﻚ‪َ ،‬ﻓ َﻘﺎ َل ‪َ :‬ﻫ َﺬا دﺟﺎ ٌل ﻣ َﻦ اﻟ ﱠﺪ َﺟﺎ ِﺟ َﻠ ِﺔ‪ ،‬ﻳﺮوي ﻋﻦ اﻟﻴﻬﻮد‪،‬‬ ‫وﻛﺎن ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻢ َﻣﺎ َﻳ ُﻜﻮ ُن ﺑﲔ اﻟﻨﺎس‪ ،‬ﺣﺘﻰ ﻋﺰم ُ َﳏ ﱠﻤ ُﺪ ﺑﻦ إِ ْﺳ َﺤﺎق َﻋ َﲆ اﳋﺮوج إِ َﱃ اﻟﻌﺮاق ﻓﺘﺼﺎﳊﺎ ﺣﻴﻨﺌﺬ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﻋﻄﺎه َﻣﺎ ِﻟـ ٌﻚ ﻋﻨـﺪ اﻟـﻮداع‬ ‫ﲬﺴﲔ دﻳﻨﺎ ًرا ﻧﺼﻒ ﺛﻤﺮﺗﻪ ﺗﻠﻚ اﻟ ﱠﺴ َﻨﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫وﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﻳﻘﺪح ﻓﻴﻪ َﻣﺎ ِﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ أﺟ ِﻞ ا َْﳊ ِﺪﻳﺚ إﻧ َﲈ ﻛﺎن ﻳﻨﻜ ُﺮ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺗﺘﺒﻌﻪ ﻏﺰوات اﻟﻨﱠﺒِ ّﻲ ﺻﲆ اﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ و ﺳـﻠﻢ ﻋـﻦ أوﻻد اﻟﻴﻬـﻮد اﻟـﺬﻳﻦ‬ ‫أﺳﻠﻤﻮا‪ ،‬وﺣﻔﻈﻮا ﻗﺼﺔ ﺧﻴﱪ و ُﻗﺮﻳﻈﺔ واﻟﻨﱠﻀﲑ و َﻣﺎ أﺷﺒﻬﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻐﺰوات ﻋﻦ أﺳﻼﻓِﻬﻢ‪ ،‬وﻛﺎن اﺑ ُﻦ إِ ْﺳ َﺤﺎق ﻳﺘﺘﺒﻊ َﻫ َﺬا ﻋﻨﻬﻢ ﻟـﻴﻌﻠ َﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َﻏ ْﲑ أن ﳛﺘﺞ ﲠﻢ‪ ،‬وﻛﺎن َﻣﺎ ِﻟﻚ ﻻ َﻳ َﺮى اﻟﺮواﻳﺔ إﻻ ﻋﻦ ﻣﺘﻘ ٍﻦ َﺻ ُﺪوق ﻓﺎﺿ ٍﻞ‪ ،‬ﳛﺴﻦ َﻣﺎ ﻳﺮوي وﻳﺪري َﻣﺎ ﳛﺪث‪.‬‬ ‫َو َﻗﺎ َل اﺑ ُﻦ َﺣ َﺠﺮ ﻓﻴﻪ ‪ :‬اﻹ َﻣﺎم ِﰲ اﳌﻐﺎزي‪ ،‬ﳐﺘﻠ ٌﻒ ِﰲ اﻻ ْﺣﺘِ َﺠﺎج ﺑﻪ‪ ،‬واﳉﻤﻬﻮ ُر َﻋ َﲆ ﻗﺒﻮ ِﻟ ُﻪ ِﰲ اﻟﺴﲑ‪ ،‬ﻗﺪ اﺳﺘﻔﴪ ﻣﻦ أﻃﻠﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ اﳉـﺮح‬ ‫ﻓﺒﺎن أن ﺳﺒ َﺒ ُﻪ َﻏ ْ ُﲑ ﻗﺎدح‪.‬‬ ‫َو َﻗﺎ َل ِﰲ ﻣﻮﺿﻊ آﺧﺮ ‪َ :‬ﺻ ُﺪوق ﻳﺪﻟﺲ‪ ،‬ورﻣﻰ ﺑﺎﻟ ﱠﺘ َﺸ ﱡﻴﻊ واﻟﻘﺪر‪.‬‬ ‫َو َﻗﺎ َل اﺑ ُﻦ َﻣ ِﻌﲔ ‪ :‬ﱂ ﻳﺰل اﻟﻨﺎس ﻳﺘﻘﻮن َﺣ ِﺪﻳﺚ ُ َﳏ ﱠﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ إِ ْﺳ َﺤﺎق‪ ،‬وﺳﻤﻌﺘﻪ ﻣﺮ ًة أﺧﺮى ﻳﻘﻮل َﻟ ْﻴ َﺲ ﺑِ َﺬاك ﻫﻮ ﺿﻌﻴﻒ‪.‬‬ ‫وﺑﻌﺒﺎرة ﳑَﺎﺛﻠﺔ َﻗﺎ َل َأ ُﺑﻮ َﺣﺎﺗِﻢ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﻗﺎل ‪َ ُ \" :‬ﳏ ﱠﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ إِ ْﺳ َﺤﺎق َﻟ ْﻴ َﺲ ﻋﻨﺪي ِﰲ ا َْﳊ ِﺪﻳ ِﺚ ﺑﺎﻟ َﻘ ِﻮ ﱢى َﺿ ِﻌﻴﻒ ا َْﳊ ِﺪﻳﺚ\"‪.‬‬ ‫َو َﻗﺎ َل اﻹ َﻣﺎ ُم َأ ْ َﲪﺪ ‪َ \" :‬ﻣﺎ رأﻳ ُﺖ ﳛﻴﻰ أﺳﻮأ رأﻳ ًﺎ ِﻣ ْﻨ ُﻪ ِﰲ ُ َﳏ ﱠﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ إِ ْﺳ َﺤﺎق وﻟﻴﺚ و ﱠﳘﺎم ﻻ ﻳﺴﺘﻄﻴﻊ أﺣﺪ أن ﻳﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﻓﻴﻬﻢ\"‪.‬‬ ‫و َأ ﱠﻳ َﺪ َذﻟِ َﻚ اﺑ ُﻦ رﺟﺐ ﺑﻘﻮﻟﻪ ‪ :‬وﻛﺎن ﳛﻴﻰ ﺑﻦ َﺳ ِﻌﻴﺪ ﺷﺪﻳﺪ اﳊﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬وﻛﺎن ﻻ ﳛﺪث ﻋﻨﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫وﻧﺴ َﺐ إﻟﻴﻪ َأ ْ َﲪﺪ ﺑﻦ َﺣﻨْ َﺒﻞ اﻟﺘﺪﻟﻴﺲ ﺑﻜﺜﺮة ﺟ ًﺪا‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﻴﻞ ﻟﻪ ‪ :‬ﻓﺈذا ﻗﺎل ‪ :‬ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ َأ ْو أﻧﺎ ﻓﻬﻮ ﺛِ َﻘﺔ ؟ ﻗﺎل ‪\" :‬ﻫﻮ ﻳﻘﻮل ‪ :‬أﺧـﱪﲏ ﻓﻴﺨـﺎف\"‪،‬‬ ‫ﻳﺸﲑ إِ َﱃ َأ ﱠﻧ ُﻪ ﻳﴫح ﺑﺎﻟﺘ َﺤ ِﺪﻳﺚ واﻹﺧﺒﺎر وﳜﺎﻟﻒ اﻟﻨﺎس ِﰲ َﺣ ِﺪﻳﺜﻪ ﻣﻊ َذ ِﻟ َﻚ\"‪=.‬‬ ‫‪241‬‬

‫= و ُﺳ ِﺌ َﻞ اﻟ ﱠﺪا َر ُﻗ ْﻄﻨِ ﱡﻲ ﻋﻦ ُ َﳏ ﱠﻤ ِﺪ ﺑﻦ إِ ْﺳ َﺤﺎق ﺑﻦ ﻳﺴﺎر ﻋﻦ أﺑﻴﻪ‪َ ،‬ﻓ َﻘﺎ َل ‪ :‬ﻻ ﳛﺘﺞ ﲠ َﲈ وإ ﱠﻧ َﲈ ﻳﻌﺘﱪ ﲠ َﲈ‪ ،‬وأﺟـﺎ َب ﻣـﺮة‪:‬ا ْﺧ َﺘ َﻠـ َﻒ اﻷَ ِﺋ ﱠﻤـ ُﺔ ﻓﻴـﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫وأﻋﺮﻓﻬﻢ ﺑﻪ َﻣﺎﻟﻚ‪.‬‬ ‫و َأ ﱠﻛ َﺪ اﺑ ُﻦ َر َﺟﺐ اﲥﺎﻣﻪ ﺑﺄﻧﻮا ٍع ﻣﻦ اﻟﺒﺪع‪ ،‬ﺑﻘﻮﻟﻪ ‪\" :‬وﻻ رﻳﺐ َأ ﱠﻧ ُﻪ ﻛﺎن ُﻳ ﱠﺘ َﻬ ُﻢ ﺑﺄﻧﻮا ٍع ﻣﻦ اﻟﺒﺪع ‪ :‬ﻣﻦ اﻟ ﱠﺘ َﺸـ ﱡﻴ ٍﻊ واﻟﻘـﺪر وﻏﲑ َﳘـﺎ‪ ،‬وﻛـﺎن‬ ‫ﻳﺪﻟ ًﺲ ﻋﻦ َﻏ ْﲑ اﻟ ﱢﺜ َﻘﺎت‪ ،‬ورﺑ َﲈ دﻟ َﺲ ﻋﻦ أﻫ ِﻞ اﻟﻜِ َﺘﺎ ِب َﻣﺎ ﻳﺄﺧﺬه ﻋﻨﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ اﻷﺧﺒﺎر‪.‬‬ ‫َو َﻗﺎ َل اﻟ ﱠﺬ َﻫﺒِ ﱡﻲ ِﰲ ﻣﻴﺰاﻧِ ِﻪ ﻣﻌﻘ ًﺒﺎ َﻋ َﲆ أﻗﻮا ِل اﳌُ َﺘ َﻜ ﱢﻠ ِﻤﲔ ﻓﻴﻪ ‪\" :‬ﱂ ﻳﺬﻛ ْﺮ اﺑ َﻦ إِ ْﺳ َﺤﺎق َأ ُﺑﻮ َﻋ ْﺒﺪ ا ِﷲ اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨﺎ ِر ﱢي ِﰲ ِﻛ َﺘﺎ ِب اﻟ ﱡﻀ َﻌ َﻔﺎء ﻟﻪ\"‪.‬‬ ‫وﻗﴫ ﺳﻔﻴﺎن ﺑﻦ ُﻋ َﻴ ْﻴ َﻨﺔ ﻛﻼ َم ﻣﻦ ﺗﻜﻠ َﻢ ﻓﻴﻪ َﻋ َﲆ ﻗﻮ ِﻟ ِﻪ ِﰲ اﻟﻘﺪر‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ ‪ :‬اﻟ َﻘ ْﻮل َﻣﺎ ﻗﺎﻟﻪ اﺑ ُﻦ َﺣ َﺠﺮ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺑﺄﻧﻪ َﺻ ُﺪوق ُﻳ َﺪ ﱢﻟﺲ‪َ ،‬و ُر ِﻣ َﻰ ﺑﺎﻟ ﱠﺘ َﺸ ﱡﻴﻊ واﻟ َﻘ َﺪ ِر‪.‬‬ ‫ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪ :‬اﻟ ِﻌ َﻠ َﻞ‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ ا َﳌ ِﺪﻳﻨِ ّﻲ‪) ،‬ص‪ ،(83-76‬و ُﺳ َﺆا َﻻ ِت اﺑﻦ َأ ِﰊ ﺷﻴﺒﺔ ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ ا َﳌ ِﺪﻳﻨِ ّﻲ‪) ،‬ص‪ِ ،(89‬ﻋ َﻠ َﻞ َأ ْ َﲪـﺪ )رواﻳـﺔ اﺑﻨـﻪ ﻋﺒـﺪ اﷲ(‪،‬‬ ‫)‪ ،(369/3‬وا َْﳉ ْﺮ َح َواﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﻌ ِﺪﻳﻞ‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ َأ ِﰊ َﺣـﺎﺗِﻢ‪ ،(194 /7) ،‬واﻟ ﱡﻀـ َﻌ َﻔﺎ َء اﻟ َﻜﺒِـﲑ‪ ،‬ﻟﻠ ُﻌ ِﻘـ ْﻴِ ّﲇ‪ ،(1200/4) ،‬و ُﺳـ َﺆا َﻻ ِت اﻟﱪﻗـﺎﲏ‬ ‫ﻟﻠ ﱠﺪا َر ُﻗ ْﻄﻨِ ّﻲ‪) ،‬ص‪ ،(58‬و ُﺳ َﺆا َﻻ ِت اﻟ ﱡﺴ َﻠ ِﻤ ّﻲ‪ ،‬ﻟﻠ ﱠﺪا َر ُﻗ ْﻄﻨِ ّﻲ‪) ،‬ص‪ ،(110‬وﻣﻴﺰا َن اﻻﻋﺘﺪال‪ ،‬ﻟﻠﺬﻫﺒﻲ‪َ ،(58/6) ،‬و َﺗ َﻘ ِﺮﻳ َﺐ اﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﻬ ِﺬﻳﺐ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ َﺣ َﺠﺮ‪.(5725) ،‬‬ ‫ﺛﺎﻧ ًﻴﺎ ‪َ :‬أ َﺑﺎن ﺑﻦ َﺻﺎ ِﻟﺢ‪:‬‬ ‫َو ﱠﺛ َﻘﻪ ﳛﻴﻰ ْﺑﻦ َﻣ ِﻌﲔ‪ ،‬واﻟ ِﻌ ْﺠِ ّﲇ‪ ،‬وﻳﻌﻘﻮ ُب ﺑﻦ ﺷﻴﺒﺔ اﻟﺴﺪوﳼ‪ ،‬و َأ ُﺑﻮ ُز ْر َﻋﺔ‪ ،‬و َأ ُﺑﻮ َﺣﺎﺗِﻢ‪ ،‬واﺑ ُﻦ َﺣ َﺠﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫وﻗﺎل ﻓﻴﻪ َأ ْ َﲪ ُﺪ ﺑﻦ َﺣﻨْ َﺒﻞ ‪َ :‬ﻣﺎ أرى ﺑﻪ ﺑﺄ ًﺳﺎ‪َ ،‬وﺑِ ِﻤ ْﺜ ِﻞ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ َﻗﺎ َل اﻟ ﱠﻨ َﺴﺎ ِﺋ ّﻲ‪ ،‬وﻛﺬا اﻟ ﱠﺬ َﻫﺒِ ّﻲ‪َ ،‬و َزا َد ‪َ :‬ﺻ ُﺪوق‪.‬‬ ‫َو َذ َﻛ َﺮه اﺑ ُﻦ ِﺣ ﱠﺒﺎن ِﰲ اﻟ ﱢﺜ َﻘﺎت‪ ،(67/6) ،‬وﻗﺎل ‪ :‬ﻳﻌﺘ ُﱪ ﺑِ َﺤ ِﺪﻳﺜ ِﻪ ﻣﻦ َﻏ ْﲑ رواﻳﺔ ُد ُر ْﺳ ُﺖ ْﺑ ُﻦ ِز َﻳﺎ ٍد وأﴐاﺑﻪ ﻣﻦ اﻟ ﱡﻀ َﻌ َﻔﺎء ﻋﻨﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫َو َﺿ ﱠﻌ َﻔ ُﻪ اﺑ ُﻦ َﻋ ْﺒﺪ اﻟﱪ‪َ ،‬و َﺟ ﱠﻬ َﻠﻪ اﺑ ُﻦ َﺣ ْﺰم‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﺮ ﱠد ﻣﻐﻠﻄﺎي ﻗﻮ َل اﺑﻦ َﻋ ْﺒﺪ اﻟﱪ‪.‬‬ ‫وﻛﺬا اﺑ ُﻦ َﺣ َﺠﺮ ر ﱠد َﻋ َﲆ َذ ِﻟ َﻚ ﺑﻘﻮﻟﻪ ‪\" :‬ووﻫ َﻢ اﺑ ُﻦ ﺣﺰم ﻓﺠﻬﻠﻪ‪ ،‬واﺑ ُﻦ َﻋ ْﺒﺪ اﻟﱪ ﻓﻀﻌﻔﻪ\"‪.‬‬ ‫ور ﱠد ِﰲ ﻣﻮﺿ ٍﻊ آﺧﺮ َﻋ َﲆ اﺑ ِﻦ َﻋ ْﺒﺪ اﻟﱪ ﺑﻘﻮﻟﻪ ‪ \" :‬ﻛﺄﻧﻪ اﻟﺘﺒﺲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺑ َﺄ َﺑﺎن ﺑﻦ َأ ِﰊ ﻋﻴﺎش اﻟ َﺒ ْ ِﴫ ّي َﺻﺎ ِﺣﺐ أﻧﺲ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈ ﱠﻧ ُﻪ َﺿـ ِﻌﻴ ٌﻒ ﺑﺎﺗﻔـﺎق‪،‬‬ ‫وﻫﻮ أﺷﻬﺮ وأﻛﺜﺮ َﺣ ِﺪﻳ ًﺜﺎ\"‪ ،‬وﻋﲆ اﺑﻦ ﺣﺰم ﺑﻘﻮﻟﻪ ‪\" :‬وﻟﻜﻦ ﻳﻜﻔﻲ ﺗﻮﺛﻴﻖ ا ْﺑﻦ َﻣ ِﻌﲔ وﻣﻦ ذﻛﺮ ﻟﻪ‪ ،‬وﻗـﺪ روى ﻋﻨـﻪ أﻳ ًﻀـﺎ اﺑـﻦ ﺟـﺮﻳﺞ‬ ‫وأﺳﺎﻣﺔ ﺑﻦ زﻳﺪ اﻟﻠﻴﺜﻲ وﻏﲑ َﳘﺎ‪ ،‬وأﺷﻬﺮ ﻣﻦ روى ﻋﻨﻪ ُ َﳏ ﱠﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ إِ ْﺳ َﺤﺎق\"‪.‬‬ ‫َو َﻗﺎ َل َﺷ ْﻤ ُﺲ اﳊﻖ أﺑﺎدي ‪ :‬ﻣﱰوك‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ ‪ :‬اﻟ َﻘ ْﻮل َﻣﺎ ﻗﺎﻟﻪ اﺑﻦ َﺣ َﺠﺮ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﺛِ َﻘ ٌﺔ‪ ،‬وﻟﻴﺲ ﺑﻀﻌﻴﻒ وﻻ ﳎﻬﻮل‪.‬‬ ‫ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪َ :‬ﺗﺎ ِرﻳ َﺦ ا ْﺑـﻦ َﻣ ِﻌـﲔ )رواﻳـﺔ اﻟـﺪارﻣﻲ(‪) ،‬ص‪ ،(72‬وﻣﻌﺮﻓـ َﺔ اﻟ ﱢﺜ َﻘـﺎت‪ ،‬ﻟﻠﻌﺠـﲇ‪ ،(198 /1) ،‬و ُﺳـ َﺆا َﻻ ِت َأ ِﰊ داود‪ ،‬ﻷَ ْ َﲪـﺪ‪،‬‬ ‫)ص‪ ،(301‬وا َْﳉ ْﺮ َح َواﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﻌ ِﺪﻳﻞ‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ َأ ِﰊ َﺣﺎﺗِﻢ‪ ،(297 /2) ،‬و َ ْﲥ ِﺬﻳ َﺐ ا ْﻟ َﻜ َﲈل‪ ،‬ﻟﻠ ِﻤـ ﱢﺰ ّي‪ ،(9/2) ،‬وﻣﻴـﺰان اﻻﻋﺘـﺪال‪ ،‬ﻟﻠـﺬﻫﺒﻲ‪،‬‬ ‫)‪ ،(133/6‬و َﺗ َﻘ ِﺮﻳ َﺐ اﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﻬ ِﺬﻳﺐ‪ ،(137) ،‬و َﻓ ْﺘ َﺢ اﻟ َﺒﺎ ِر ّي‪ ،(239 /9) ،‬ﻛِ َﻼ ُ َﳘﺎ ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ َﺣ َﺠﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫و َﺻ ﱠﺤ َﺢ ا َْﳊ ِﺪﻳﺚ اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨﺎ ِر ّي‪ ،‬ﺑﻘﻮﻟﻪ ‪َ \" :‬ﻫ َﺬا َﺣ ِﺪﻳﺚ َﺻ ِﺤﻴﺢ‪َ ،‬ر َوا ُه َﻏ ْﲑ َوا ِﺣﺪ َﻋﻦ اﺑﻦ إِ ْﺳ َﺤﺎق\"‪ ،‬ﻧﻘﻠﻪ اﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ ﻋـﻦ اﻟﱰﻣـﺬي ﻋﻨـﻪ ِﰲ‬ ‫اﳋﻼﻓﻴـﺎت‪ ،(68/2) ،‬وﻟـﻴﺲ ﻛـ َﲈ ِﰲ َ ْﴍ ِح ﺳـﻨﻦ اﺑـﻦ َﻣﺎﺟـﻪ ﳌﻐﻠﻄـﺎي‪ ،(120/1) ،‬ﻓﺈﻧـﻪ ﻗـﺎل ‪َ \" :‬و َذ َﻛـ َﺮ اﻟ ﱢ ْﱰ ِﻣـ ِﺬ ّي ِﰲ ﻛِ َﺘـﺎب‬ ‫اﳋﻼﻓﻴﺎت\"‪ ،‬وﻛﺬا ﻧﻘﻠﻪ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻋﺒﺪ اﳊﻖ اﻹﺷﺒﻴﲇ ﰲ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻪ اﻷﺣﻜﺎم اﻟﻮﺳﻄﻰ‪.(129/1) ،‬‬ ‫وﻋﻘ َﺐ اﺑ ُﻦ َﻗ ﱢﻴﻢ ا َﳉ ْﻮ ِز ّﻳﺔ َﻋ َﲆ َذﻟِ َﻚ ﺑﻘﻮﻟﻪ ‪ :‬ﻓﺈن َﻛﺎ َن ﻣﺮا ُد اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨﺎ ِر ّي ﺻﺤﺘﻪ َﻋﻦ اﺑﻦ إِ ْﺳ َﺤﺎق‪ ،‬ﱂ ﻳﺪ ْل َﻋ َﲆ ﺻـﺤﺘﻪ ِﰲ ﻧﻔﺴـﻪ‪ ،‬وإن َﻛـﺎ َن‬ ‫ﻣﺮاده ﺻﺤﺘﻪ ِﰲ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﻲ واﻗﻌﺔ ﻋﲔ‪ ،‬ﺣﻜﻤﻬﺎ ﺣﻜﻢ َﺣ ِﺪﻳﺚ اﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﳌَﺎ َر َأى رﺳـﻮل اﷲ َﺻـ ﱠﲆ اﷲُ َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴـ ِﻪ َو َﺳـ ﱠﻠ َﻢ ﻳﻘﴣـ ﺣﺎﺟﺘـﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﺪﺑﺮ اﻟﻜﻌﺒﺔ‪ ،‬وﺧﺘ َﻢ ﺑﻘﻮ ِﻟ ِﻪ ‪ :‬ﻻ َﺳﺒِﻴ َﻞ إِ َﱃ ﺗﺮ ِك َأ َﺣﺎ ِدﻳ ِﺚ اﻟﻨﱠ ْﻬﻰ اﻟ ﱠﺼ ِﺤﻴﺤ ِﺔ اﻟﴫـﳛ ِﺔ اﳌﺴﺘ ِﻔﻴﻀـ ِﺔ َﲠـ َﺬا اﳌﺤﺘﻤـﻞ – ﻳ َﻌﻨـﻲ َﺣـ ِﺪﻳﺚ‬ ‫ﺟﺎﺑﺮ‪ .-‬وﻛﺬا َﺻ ﱠﺤ َﺤ ُﻪ اﺑ ُﻦ اﻟ ﱠﺴ َﻜﻦ‪.‬‬ ‫َو َﻗﺎ َل اﻟ ﱠﺪا َر ُﻗ ْﻄﻨِ ﱡﻲ ‪ :‬وا َْﳊ ِﺪﻳ ُﺚ َﻣﺸ ُﻬﻮ ٌر‪َ ،‬ﻋﻦ ﺟﺎﺑِ ِﺮ ﺑ ِﻦ َﻋ ْﺒﺪ اﷲِ‪َ ،‬ﻋ ِﻦ اﻟ ﱠﻨﺒِ ﱢﻲ َﺻ ﱠﲆ اﷲُ َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴ ِﻪ َو َﺳ ﱠﻠ َﻢ‪َ ،‬ﻳﺮ ِوﻳ ِﻪ ُ َﳏ ﱠﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ إِ ْﺳ َﺤﺎق‪َ ،‬ﻋﻦ َأﺑﺎن ﺑـ ِﻦ‬ ‫ﺻﺎﻟِ ٍﺢ‪َ ،‬ﻋﻦ ُﳎﺎ ِﻫ ٍﺪ‪َ ،‬ﻋﻦ ﺟﺎﺑِ ٍﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫َو َﻗﺎ َل ا َﳊﺎﻛِ ُﻢ ‪َ \" :‬ﺻ ِﺤﻴﺢ َﻋ َﲆ َ ْﴍ ِط ُﻣ ْﺴﻠِ ٍﻢ\"‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﺮ ﱠد ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﻐﻠﻄﺎي ﺑﻘﻮﻟﻪ ‪\" :‬وﻟﻴﺲ ﻛ َﲈ زﻋﻢ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈن أﺑﺎن ﺑﻦ ﺻﺎﻟﺢ ﱂ ﳜﺮج ﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﻟﻪ ﺷﻴ ًﺌﺎ\"‪.‬‬ ‫َو َﻗﺎ َل اﻟ ﱢ ْﱰ ِﻣ ِﺬ ﱡي ‪َ :‬ﺣ ِﺪﻳﺚ َﺟﺎﺑِ ٍﺮ ِﰲ َﻫ َﺬا اﻟ َﺒﺎب َﺣ ِﺪﻳ ٌﺚ َﺣ َﺴ ٌﻦ َﻏ ِﺮﻳ ٌﺐ‪=.‬‬ ‫‪242‬‬

‫= و َﺣ ﱠﺴ َﻦ ا َْﳊ ِﺪﻳ َﺚ ا ْﻟ َﺒ ﱠﺰا ُر‪ ،‬ﺑﻘﻮﻟﻪ ‪ :‬و َﻫ َﺬا َﺣ ِﺪﻳ ٌﺚ ﻻ ﻧﻌﻠﻤﻪ ﻳﺮوى ﻋﻦ ﺟﺎﺑﺮ َﲠ َﺬا اﻟ ﱠﻠ ْﻔﻆ ﺑﺈﺳﻨﺎد أﺣﺴﻦ ﻣﻦ َﻫ َﺬا ا ِﻹﺳﻨﺎد‪.‬‬ ‫وﻛﺬا َﺣ ﱠﺴ َﻦ إﺳﻨﺎ َده اﻟﻨﱠ َﻮ ِو ﱡي‪ ،‬وﻛﺬا اﳌﺒﺎرﻛﻔﻮري‪.‬‬ ‫ور ﱠد ا َْﳊ ِﺪﻳ َﺚ َأ ْ َﲪ ُﺪ ﺑﻦ َﺣ ْﻨ َﺒﻞ‪ ،‬ﻛ َﲈ ﻧﻘﻞ ﻋﻨﻪ َذﻟِ َﻚ اﺑﻦ َﻋ ْﺒﺪ اﻟﱪ ِﰲ ﲤﻬﻴﺪه‪.‬‬ ‫َو َﻗﺎ َل اﺑ ُﻦ ﺣﺰم ‪ :‬إ ﱠﻧ ُﻪ ِر َوا َﻳ ُﺔ َأ َﺑﺎ َن ْﺑ ِﻦ َﺻﺎﻟِ ٍﺢ‪َ ،‬و َﻟ ْﻴ َﺲ ﺑِﺎﳌَ ْﺸ ُﻬﻮر‪.‬‬ ‫وﻋﱪ اﺑ ُﻦ َﻋ ْﺒﺪ اﻟﱪ ﺑﻘﻮﻟﻪ ‪\" :‬وﻟﻴﺲ َﺣ ِﺪﻳﺚ ﺟﺎﺑﺮ ﺑ َﺼ ِﺤﻴﺢ َﻋﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓِﻴﻌﺮج ﻋﻠﻴﻪ؛ ﻷ ﱠن َأﺑﺎ َن ﺑ َﻦ ﺻﺎﻟِ ٍﺢ اﻟﺬي ﻳﺮوﻳﻪ ﺿﻌﻴﻒ‪ ،‬وﻗﺪ َر َوا ُه اﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﳍﻴﻌﺔ َﻋﻦ َأ ِﰊ اﻟﺰﺑﲑ‪َ ،‬ﻋﻦ ﺟﺎﺑﺮ‪َ ،‬ﻋﻦ أﰊ ﻗﺘﺎدة َﻋﻦ اﻟ ﱠﻨﺒِ ّﻲ َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴ ِﻪ اﻟ ﱠﺴ َﻼم َﻋ َﲆ ِﺧ َﻼف رواﻳﺔ أﺑﺎن ﺑﻦ ﺻﺎﻟﺢ‪َ ،‬ﻋﻦ ﳎﺎﻫﺪ‪َ ،‬ﻋﻦ ﺟﺎﺑﺮ‪ ،‬و ُﻫـﻮ‬ ‫َﺣ ِﺪﻳﺚ ﻻ ﳛﺘﺞ ﺑﻤﺜﻠﻪ‪َ ،‬و َﻗﺎ َل ِﰲ ﻣﻮﺿﻊ آﺧﺮ ‪ :‬وﻟﻴﺲ َﺣ ِﺪﻳﺚ ﺟﺎﺑﺮ اﻟﺬي ﻋﻮﻟﻮا ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ِﰲ اﻟﻨﺴﺦ ﳑﱠﺎ ﳛﺘﺞ ﺑﻪ ِﻋ ْﻨﺪ أﻫﻞ اﻟﻌﻠـﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻘـﻞ‪،‬‬ ‫وﻻ ﳑﱠﺎ ﻳﻌﺘﻤﺪ َﻋ َﲆ ﻣﺜﻠﻪ‪ ،‬واﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﺘﻌﻘ َﺒﻪ ﻣﻐﻠﻄﺎي ﺑﻘﻮﻟﻪ ‪\" :‬ﻓﻴﻌﺮج ﻋﻠﻴﻪ؛ ﻷ ﱠن أﺑﺎن ﺑﻦ ﺻﺎﻟﺢ راوﻳﻪ َﺿ ِﻌﻴﻒ ﻓﻔﻴﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﻦ وﺟﻬـﲔ ‪ :‬اﻷول ‪ :‬ﻗﻮﻟـﻪ ر ّده َأ ْ َﲪـﺪ‪ ،‬إن َأ َرا َد‬ ‫اﻟﺮ ّد اﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻲ ﻓﻐﲑ َﺻ ِﺤﻴﺢ؛ ﻟﺜﺒﻮﺗﻪ ِﰲ ﻣﺴﻨﺪه‪ ،‬ﱂ ﻳﴬب ﻋﻠﻴﻪ وﱂ ﻧﻨﺰﻋﻪ ِﻣﻨْ ُﻪ ﻛﻌﺎدﺗﻪ ﻓﻴ َﲈ َﻟ ْﻴ َﺲ ﺑ َﺼ ِﺤﻴﺢ ﻋﻨﺪه َأ ْو ﻣﺮدود‪ ،‬ﺑﲔ َذ ِﻟ َﻚ َأ ُﺑﻮ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺳﻰ ا َﳌ ِﺪﻳﻨِ ّﻲ ﻋﻨﻪ اﻟﺒﺎﲏ ﺗﻀﻌﻴﻔﻪ ا َْﳊ ِﺪﻳﺚ ﺑﺄﺑﺎن‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ﻗﻮل ﻻ ﺳﻠﻒ ﻟﻪ ﻓﻴ َﲈ أﻋﻠﻢ‪ ،‬وﻗﺪ ﻋﺎرﺿﻪ ﻗﻮل ﻣﻦ أﺳﻠﻔﻨﺎه\"‪.‬‬ ‫وﻗﻮ ُل اﻟ ﱢ ْﱰ ِﻣ ِﺬ ّي ﺣﺴ ٌﻦ ﻏﺮﻳ ٌﺐ و َﳘﺎ ﻟﻔﻈﺎن ﻣﺘﻐﺎﻳﺮان‪ ،‬اﻟﻠﻬﻢ إ ﱠﻻ أن َﻳ ُﻜﻮن ﺑﻌﺾ رواﺗﻪ ﺗﻔﺮد ﺑﻪ‪ ،‬وإن ﻛﺎن ﻛ َﺬ ِﻟ َﻚ ﻓ َﲈ أﻇﻨـﻪ َﻏـ ْﲑ أﺑـﺎن‪،‬‬ ‫واﷲ َﺗ َﻌﺎ َﱃ أﻋﻠﻢ\"‪.‬‬ ‫وﻧﻘ َﻞ ا ْﻟ َﻌ ْﻴﻨ ﱡﻲ ﻋﻦ ﻣﻐﻠﻄﺎي َر ﱠده‪ ،‬و َﻓ ﱠﺼﻞ أﻛﺜﺮ‪َ ،‬ﻓ َﻘﺎ َل ‪\" :‬إن َأ َرا َد ﺑِ َﻘ ْﻮ ِﻟ ِﻪ رده َأ ْ َﲪﺪ اﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺑﻪ ﻓﻤﺤﺘﻤﻞ‪ ،‬وإن َأ َرا َد ﺑﻪ اﻟﺮد اﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻲ ﻓﻐـﲑ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﻠﻢ؛ ﻟﺜﺒﻮﺗﻪ ِﰲ ﻣﺴﻨﺪه ﱂ ﻳﴬب ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻛﻌﺎدﺗﻪ ﻓﻴ َﲈ َﻟ ْﻴ َﺲ ﺑ َﺼ ِﺤﻴﺢ ﻋﻨـﺪه َأ ْو ﻣـﺮدود َﻋـ َﲆ َﻣـﺎ ﺑﻴﻨـﻪ ا َْﳊـﺎﻓِﻆ َأ ُﺑـﻮ ﻣﻮﺳـﻰ اﳌَـ ِﺪﻳﻨِ ّﻲ ِﰲ‬ ‫ﺧﺼﺎﺋﺺ ﻣﺴﻨﺪه‪ ،‬وأ ﱠﻣﺎ ﺗﻀﻌﻴﻔﻪ ا َْﳊ ِﺪﻳﺚ ﺑ َﺄ َﺑﺎن ﻓﻐﲑ ﻣﻮﺟﻪ ﻟﺜﺒﻮت ﺗﻮﺛﻴﻘﻪ ﻣﻦ اﳉ َﲈﻋﺔ اﻟﺬﻳﻦ َذ َﻛ ْﺮ َﻧﺎ ُﻫﻢ\"‪.‬‬ ‫وﻋﻘ ﱠﺐ َﻋ َﲆ ﻗﻮ ِل اﺑﻦ َﻋ ْﺒﺪ اﻟﱪ أﻳ ًﻀﺎ اﺑﻦ اﳌﻠﻘﻦ‪َ ،‬ﻓ َﻘﺎ َل ‪َ \" :‬ﻫ َﺬا َﺗ ْﻌ ِﻠﻴﻞ َﺳﺎﻗِﻂ؛ َﻓﺈِ ﱠن َأ َﺑﺎن َﻫ َﺬا ﱂ ُﻳﻀﻌﻔ ُﻪ أﺣﺪ‪َ ،‬و ُﻫ َﻮ أﺑﺎن ﺑـﻦ َﺻـﺎﻟﺢ ﺑـﻦ‬ ‫ُﻋ َﻤ ْﲑ اﻟ ُﻘ َﺮ ِ ّﳾ َﻣ ْﻮ َﻻ ُﻫﻢ َأ ُﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ اﳌْﺪ ِﲏ\"‪.‬‬ ‫َو َﻗﺎ َل اﺑ ُﻦ َد ِﻗﻴﻖ اﻟﻌﻴ ِﺪ ِﰲ \"ا ِﻹ َﻣﺎم\"‪َ \" : (521/2) ،‬و ﱠﺛ َﻘ ُﻪ اﳌﺰﻛﻮن َ ْﳛ َﻴﻰ ْﺑﻦ َﻣ ِﻌﲔ َو َأ ُﺑﻮ ُز ْر َﻋﺔ َو َأ ُﺑﻮ َﺣﺎﺗِﻢ اﻟ ﱠﺮا ِز ّﻳﺎن\"‪.‬‬ ‫َو َﻗﺎ َل اﺑ ُﻦ َﻋ ْﺒﺪ ا ْﳊﻖ ﰲ اﻟ ﱠﺮد َﻋ َﲆ ا ْﺑﻦ ﺣﺰم ِﰲ ا ُﳌ َﺤ ﱠﲆ ‪ -‬ﻓِﻴ َﲈ رده َﻋ َﲆ ا ْﺑﻦ ﺣﺰم ‪ : -‬ﱂ ﳚﺮح َأ َﺑﺎ ًﻧﺎ َﻫ َﺬا أﺣﺪ ﻓِﻴ َﲈ أﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫َﻓ َﻘﺎ َل اﺑ ُﻦ اﳌﻠﻘﻦ ‪َ \" :‬و ِﰲ َﻫ َﺬا رد َﻋ َﲆ َﻗﻮ ِل َأ ِﰊ ُ َﳏ ﱠﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺣﺰم َأ ْﻳ ًﻀﺎ َﺣ ْﻴ ُﺚ َﻗﺎ َل ‪ :‬أﺑﺎن َﻫ َﺬا َﻟ ْﻴ َﺲ ﺑﺎﳌَ ْﺸ ُﻬﻮر\"‪.‬‬ ‫ﺛﻢ َﻗﺎ َل ﻣﻠﺨ ًﺼﺎ ‪\" :‬ﻓﺘﻠﺨﺺ ﻣﻦ َﻫ َﺬا ُﻛﻠﻪ َأن ا َْﳊ ِﺪﻳﺚ َﺻ ِﺤﻴﺢ َﻣ ْﻌ ُﻤﻮل ﺑِ ِﻪ‪ ،‬وأ ﱠﻣﺎ َﻗﻮل اﺑﻦ َﻋ ْﺒﺪ ا ْﳊﻖ‪ -‬ﻓِﻴ َﲈ رده َﻋـ َﲆ ا ْﺑـﻦ ﺣـﺰم ‪ : -‬إِن‬ ‫ا َْﳊ ِﺪﻳﺚ َﻏ ْﲑ َﺻ ِﺤﻴﺢ؛ ﻷ ﱠﻧ ُﻪ ﻣﻦ ِر َوا َﻳ ِﺔ ا ْﺑﻦ إِ ْﺳ َﺤﺎق‪َ ،‬و َﻟ ْﻴ َﺲ ُﻫ َﻮ ﻋﻨﺪ َﻧﺎ ِﳑﱠﻦ ْﳛ َﺘﺞ ﺑِ َﺤ ِﺪﻳﺜ ِﻪ‪َ ،‬ﻓ َﻼ ﻳﻘﺒ ُﻞ ِﻣ ْﻨ ُﻪ؛ ﻷ ﱠن اﳌَ ْﺤ ُﺬو َر ا ﱠﻟ ِﺬي َﳜﺎف ﻣـﻦ‬ ‫ا ْﺑﻦ إِ ْﺳ َﺤﺎق َزا َل ِﰲ َﻫ َﺬا ا َْﳊ ِﺪﻳﺚ\"‪.‬‬ ‫وﻧﻘ َﻞ اﺑ ُﻦ ا ُﳌ َﻠ ﱢﻘﻦ ﻗﻮ َل اﻟﻨﱠ َﻮ ِو ّي ‪َ -‬ر ِ َﲪ ُﻪ اﷲِ ‪ِ -‬ﰲ \" َﻛ َﻼﻣﻪ َﻋ َﲆ ﺳ َﻨﻦ َأ ِﰊ َدا ُود\" ‪ِ :‬ﰲ إِ ْﺳ َﻨﺎد َﻫ َﺬا ا َْﳊ ِﺪﻳﺚ ا ْﺑـﻦ إِ ْﺳـ َﺤﺎق َﻋـﻦ أﺑـﺎن‪َ ،‬وا ْﺑـﻦ‬ ‫إِ ْﺳ َﺤﺎق ُﻣ َﺪ ّﻟﺲ‪ ،‬واﳌﺪﻟﺲ إِذا َﻗﺎ َل ‪َ \" :‬ﻋﻦ\" َﻻ ْﳛ َﺘﺞ ﺑِ ِﻪ‪َ ،‬ﻓ َﻘﺎ َل اﺑ ُﻦ اﳌﻠﻘﻦ ‪َ :‬ﻓﻜﻴﻒ ﺣﺴﻨﻪ اﻟ ﱢ ْﱰ ِﻣ ِﺬ ّي ؟! َوأ َﺟﺎب َﻋﻦ َﻫ َﺬا ﺑِ َﺄن َﻗﺎ َل ‪َ :‬ﻟ َﻌ ﱠﻠﻪ‬ ‫اﻋﺘﻀﺪا َوﻋﻠﻢ َأ ُﺑﻮ َدا ُود َواﻟ ﱢ ْﱰ ِﻣ ِﺬ ّي ﺑﻄ ِﺮﻳﻖ آﺧﺮ َأن ا ْﺑﻦ إِ ْﺳ َﺤﺎق َﺳﻤﻌﻪ ﻣﻦ أﺑﺎن‪.‬‬ ‫وﻋﻘ ﱠﺐ َﻋ َﲆﻗﻮ ِلاﺑ ِﻦﺣﺰم‪،‬واﺑ ِﻦ َﻋ ْﺒﺪاﻟﱪاﺑ ُﻦ َﺣ َﺠﺮﺑﻘﻮﻟﻪ‪\":‬وﻫﺬهﻏﻔﻠ ٌﺔﻣﻨﻬ َﲈ وﺧﻄ ٌﺄ ﺗﻮاردا ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻢ ُﻳ َﻀ ﱢﻌ ْﻒ أﺑﺎن َﻫ َﺬا أﺣﺪ ﻗﺒﻠﻬ َﲈ\"‪.‬‬ ‫و َﻋ ﱠﻘ َﺐ ِﰲﻣﻮﺿﻊآﺧﺮ‪َ ،‬ﻓ َﻘﺎ َل‪َ \" :‬و َﺿ ﱠﻌ َﻔ ُﻪ ا ْﺑ ُﻦ َﻋ ْﺒﺪ اﻟْ َ ﱢﱪ ﺑِﺄَ َﺑﺎ َن ْﺑ ِﻦ َﺻﺎ ِﻟ ٍﺢ َو َو ِﻫ َﻢ ِﰲ َذﻟِ َﻚ َﻓﺈِ ﱠﻧ ُﻪ ﺛِ َﻘﺔ ﺑِﺎ ﱢﺗ َﻔﺎ ٍق‪َ ،‬وا ﱠد َﻋﻰ ا ْﺑ ُﻦ َﺣ ْﺰ ٍم َأ ﱠﻧ ُﻪ َ ْﳎ ُﻬﻮ ٌل َﻓ َﻐﻠِ َﻂ\"‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﺘﻌﻘﺒﻪ اﺑ ُﻦ ا ُﳌ َﻠ ﱢﻘﻦ ﺑﻘﻮﻟﻪ ‪َ :‬زا َل َﻫ َﺬا ا ْ ِﻹ ْﺷ َﻜﺎل واﻟ ﱠﺘ َﻤﻨﱢﻲ ﺑِ َﺄن َأ ْ َﲪﺪ ِﰲ \"اﳌْﺴﻨﺪ\"‪َ ،(14872/157/23) ،‬وا ْﺑﻦ ا َْﳉـﺎ ُرود ِﰲ \"ا ُْﳌ ْﻨ َﺘ َﻘـﻰ\"‪،‬‬ ‫)‪َ ،(31 /20‬واﺑـﻦ ِﺣ ﱠﺒـﺎن ِﰲ \" َﺻـ ِﺤﻴﺤﻪ\"‪َ ،(1419/268/4) ،‬وا َﳊـﺎ ِﻛﻢ ِﰲ \"ا ْﳌُ ْﺴـ َﺘ ْﺪرك\"‪َ ،(552 /257/1) ،‬واﻟـ ﱠﺪا َر ُﻗ ْﻄﻨِ ّﻲ‪،‬‬ ‫)اﻟ ُﺴ َﻨﻦ‪َ ،(162 /93/1:‬وا ْﻟ َﺒ ْﻴ َﻬ ِﻘ ّﻲ‪) ،‬اﻟﺴﻨﻦ اﻟﻜﱪى ‪َ ،(440 /150/1 :‬ﻗﺎ ُﻟﻮا ﻛﻠﻬﻢ ِﰲ رواﻳﺘﻬﻢ َﳍ َﺬا ا َْﳊـ ِﺪﻳﺚ ‪َ :‬ﻋـﻦ ُ َﳏ ﱠﻤـﺪ ﺑـﻦ‬ ‫إِ ْﺳ َﺤﺎق‪َ ،‬ﺣﺪﺛﻨِﻲ أﺑﺎن\"‪ ،‬ﻓﺎرﺗﻔﻌﺖ َو ْﺻ َﻤ ُﺔ اﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﺪﻟِﻴﺲ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﳊﺪﻳﺚ إﺳﻨﺎده ﺣﺴﻦ‪.‬‬ ‫ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪) :‬ص‪ ،(25‬اﻟ ِﻌ َﻠﻞ‪ ،‬ﻟﻠ ﱠﺪا َر ُﻗ ْﻄﻨِ ّﻲ‪ ،(166/6) ،‬وﴍ َح اﻟ ﱠﻨ َﻮ ِو ّي َﻋ َﲆ ﻣﺴـﻠﻢ‪ ،(155/3) ،‬وا ُﳌ َﺤـ ﱠﲆ‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑـ ِﻦ ﺣـﺰم‪،(198/1) ،‬‬ ‫واﻟﺘﻤﻬﻴ َﺪ‪ ،(312/2) ،‬واﻻﺳﺘﺬﻛﺎ َر‪ ،(176/7) ،‬ﻛِ َﻼ ُ َﳘﺎ ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ َﻋ ْﺒﺪ اﻟﱪ‪َ ،‬و َزا َد اﳌﻌﺎد ِﰲ ﻫﺪي ﺧﲑ اﻟﻌﺒﺎد‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ ﻗﻴﻢ ا َﳉ ْﻮ ِز ّﻳﺔ‪/2) ،‬‬ ‫‪ ،(446‬وﴍ َح ﺳﻨﻦ اﺑﻦ َﻣﺎﺟﻪ‪ ،‬ﳌﻐﻠﻄﺎي‪ ،(120 /1) ،‬واﻟ َﺒ ْﺪ َر اﳌُﻨِﲑ‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ اﳌُ َﻠ ﱢﻘﻦ‪ ،(308 /2) ،‬و َ ْﲥ ِﺬﻳ َﺐ اﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﻬ ِﺬﻳﺐ‪=،(119/1) ،‬‬ ‫‪243‬‬

‫=وﻫﺪي اﻟﺴﺎري‪) ،‬ص ‪ ،(387‬واﻟﺘﻠﺨﻴ َﺺ اﳊﺒﲑ‪ ،(306 /1) ،‬ﺛﻼﺛﺘﻬﺎ ﻻ ْﺑـ ِﻦ َﺣ َﺠـﺮ‪ ،‬و ُﻋ ْﻤـ َﺪ َة اﻟﻘـﺎري‪ ،‬ﻟﻠ َﻌ ْﻴﻨِـ ّﻲ‪،(423 /2) ،‬‬ ‫وﻋﻮ َن اﳌﻌﺒﻮد‪ ،‬ﻟﻠﻌﻈﻴﻢ أﺑﺎدي‪ ،(362 /11) ،‬وﲢﻔ َﺔ اﻷﺣﻮذي ﺑﴩح ﺟﺎﻣﻊ اﻟ ﱢ ْﱰ ِﻣ ِﺬ ّي‪ ،‬ﻟﻠﻤﺒﺎرﻛﻔﻮري‪.(48/1) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ُ (1‬ﺳﻨَ ُﻦ اﺑﻦ َﻣﺎ َﺟﻪ ‪) :‬ص‪ (1) ،(75‬ﻛِ َﺘﺎ ُب اﻟ ﱠﻄ َﻬﺎ َر ِة وﺳﻨﻨﻬﺎ‪َ (18) ،‬ﺑﺎ ُب اﻟ ﱡﺮ ْﺧ َﺼـ ِﺔ ِﰲ َذ ِﻟـ َﻚ ِﰲ ا ْﻟ َﻜﻨِﻴـ ِﻒ‪َ ،‬وإِ َﺑﺎ َﺣﺘِـ ِﻪ ُدو َن اﻟ ﱠﺼـ َﺤﺎ ِري‪،‬‬ ‫)‪ ،(324‬ﻣﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ َ ﱠﲪﺎ ِد ْﺑ ِﻦ َﺳ َﻠ َﻤ َﺔ‪َ ،‬ﻋ ْﻦ َﺧﺎ ِﻟ ٍﺪ ا َْﳊ ﱠﺬا ِء‪َ ،‬ﻋ ْﻦ َﺧﺎﻟِ ِﺪ ْﺑ ِﻦ َأ ِﰊ اﻟ ﱠﺼ ْﻠ ِﺖ‪َ ،‬ﻋ ْﻦ ِﻋ َﺮا ِك ْﺑ ِﻦ َﻣﺎﻟِ ٍﻚ‪َ ،‬ﻋ ْﻦ َﻋﺎﺋِ َﺸﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ُﺗ ُﻜ ﱢﻠ َﻢ ﺣﻮ َل َﻫ َﺬا ا َْﳊ ِﺪﻳﺚ َﻛﺜِ ًﲑا‪ ،‬ﻓﻨﺬﻛﺮ ﺷﻴ ًﺌﺎ ﻣﻦ َﻫ َﺬا اﻟ َﻜﺜِﲑ‪:‬‬ ‫أﺟﺎ َب اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨﺎ ِر ّي ﺣﻴﻨ َﲈ ُﺳﺌِﻞ َﻋﻦ َﻫ َﺬا ا َﳊ ِﺪﻳ ِﺚ ﺑﻘﻮﻟﻪ ‪َ \" :‬ﻫ َﺬا َﺣ ِﺪﻳﺚ ﻓِﻴ ِﻪ ا ْﺿﻄِ َﺮا ٌب‪َ ،‬واﻟ ﱠﺼ ِﺤﻴﺢ َﻋ ْﻦ َﻋﺎ ِﺋ َﺸﺔ َﻗ ْﻮ َُﳍﺎ\"‪ ،‬و َﻗﺎ َل ‪ :‬ﺧﺎﻟـﺪ ﺑـﻦ‬ ‫َأ ِﰊ اﻟﺼﻠﺖ َﻋﻦ ﻋﺮاك ﻣﺮﺳﻞ‪.‬‬ ‫َوﺑِ ِﻤ ْﺜ ِﻞ ﻗﻮﻟ ِﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﻮﻗﻒ َﻗﺎ َل َأ ُﺑﻮ َﺣﺎﺗِﻢ اﻟ ﱠﺮا ِز ّي‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ َﻗﺎ َل ‪ :‬ﻓﻠﻢ أزل أﻗ ُﻒ أﺛﺮ َﻫ َﺬا ا َْﳊ ِﺪﻳﺚ ﺣ ّﺘﻰ ﻛﺘﺒ ُﺖ ﺑِ ِﻤﴫ َﻋﻦ إِ ْﺳ َﺤﺎق ﺑ ِﻦ ﺑﻜ ِﺮ ﺑ ِﻦ‬ ‫ُﻣﴬ َأ ْو ﻏ ِﲑ ِه‪َ ،‬ﻋﻦ ﺑﻜ ِﺮ ﺑ ِﻦ ُﻣﴬ‪َ ،‬ﻋﻦ َﺟ ْﻌ َﻔﺮ ﺑ ِﻦ رﺑِﻴﻌﺔ‪َ ،‬ﻋﻦ ِﻋﺮا ِك ﺑ ِﻦ َﻣﺎ ِﻟ ٍﻚ‪َ ،‬ﻋﻦ ُﻋﺮوة‪َ ،‬ﻋﻦ َﻋﺎﺋِ َﺸﺔ ‪ :‬ﻣﻮ ُﻗﻮ ًﻓﺎ‪ ،‬و َﻫ َﺬا أﺷﺒ ُﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫وأ ﱠﻳ َﺪ اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨﺎ ِر ﱠي ﺑﺎﻟ َﻘ ْﻮل ﺑﻮﻗﻒ ا َْﳊ ِﺪﻳﺚ أﻳ ًﻀﺎ اﺑ ُﻦ ﻗﻴﻢ ا َﳉ ْﻮ ِز ّﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﺑﻞ ﱂ ﻳﺼﺤ ْﺢ ا َْﳊ ِﺪﻳﺚ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ َﻗﺎ َل ‪َ :‬و َﻗﺎ َل َﺑ ْﻌﺾ ا ُْﳊ ﱠﻔﺎظ ‪َ :‬ﻫ َﺬا َﺣ ِﺪﻳﺚ‬ ‫َﻻ َﻳ ِﺼ ّﺢ‪َ ،‬و َﻟ ُﻪ ِﻋ ﱠﻠﺔ َﻻ ُﻳ ْﺪ ِرﻛ َﻬﺎ إِ ﱠﻻ اﳌُْ ْﻌ َﺘ ُﻨﻮ َن ﺑِﺎﻟ ﱢﺼ َﻨﺎ َﻋ ِﺔ‪ ،‬اﳌُْ َﻌﺎ ُﻧﻮ َن َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴ َﻬﺎ؛ َو َذ ِﻟ َﻚ َأ ﱠن َﺧﺎﻟِ َﺪ ْﺑ َﻦ َأ ِﰊ اﻟ ﱠﺼ ْﻠ ِﺖ َﱂْ َ ْﳛ َﻔﻆ َﻣ ْﺘﻨﻪ‪َ ،‬و َﻻ َأ َﻗﺎ َم إِ ْﺳـ َﻨﺎده‬ ‫َﺧﺎ َﻟ َﻔ ُﻪ ﻓِﻴ ِﻪ اﻟ ﱢﺜ َﻘﺔ اﻟ ﱠﺜ ْﺒﺖ َﺻﺎ ِﺣﺐ ِﻋ َﺮا ِك ْﺑ ِﻦ َﻣﺎ ِﻟﻚ ا ُﳌ ْﺨ َﺘ ّﺺ ﺑِ ِﻪ‪ ،‬اﻟ ﱠﻀﺎﺑِﻂ َِﳊ ِﺪﻳﺜ ِﻪ ‪َ :‬ﺟ ْﻌ َﻔﺮ اِ ْﺑﻦ َرﺑِﻴ َﻌ َﺔ ا ْﻟ َﻔ ِﻘﻴﻪ ‪َ ،‬ﻓ َﺮ َوا ُه َﻋﻦ ِﻋ َﺮا ٍك َﻋـﻦ ُﻋـ ْﺮ َو َة‬ ‫َﻋﻦ َﻋﺎ ِﺋ َﺸﺔ ‪َ :‬أ ﱠﳖَﺎ َﻛﺎ َﻧ ْﺖ ُﺗﻨْﻜِﺮ َذ ِﻟ َﻚ َﻓ َﺒ ﱠ َﲔ َأ ﱠن ا َْﳊ ِﺪﻳﺚ ﻟِ ِﻌ َﺮا ٍك َﻋﻦ ُﻋ ْﺮ َو َة‪َ ،‬و َﱂْ َﻳ ْﺮ َﻓﻌ ُﻪ‪َ ،‬و َﻻ ُ َﳚﺎ ِوز ﺑِ ِﻪ َﻋﺎﺋِ َﺸﺔ َو َﺟ ْﻌ َﻔﺮ ْﺑ ُﻦ َرﺑِﻴ َﻌ َﺔ ُﻫـ َﻮ ا ُْﳊ ﱠﺠـﺔ‬ ‫ِﰲ ِﻋ َﺮا ِك ْﺑ ِﻦ َﻣﺎﻟِ ٍﻚ‪َ ،‬ﻣ َﻊ ِﺻ ﱠﺤﺔ ا ْ َﻷ َﺣﺎ ِدﻳﺚ َﻋﻦ اﻟ ﱠﻨﺒِ ّﻲ َﺻ ﱠﲆ اﷲُ َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴ ِﻪ َو َﺳ ﱠﻠ َﻢ َو ُﺷ ْﻬ َﺮ َﲥﺎ ﺑِ ِﺨ َﻼف َذ ِﻟ َﻚ‬ ‫َو َذ َﻛ َﺮ َﻫ َﺬا ا َْﳊ ِﺪﻳﺚ‪َ ،‬ﻓ َﻘﺎ َل ‪ :‬ﻣﺮﺳﻞ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﻴﻞ ﻟﻪ ‪ :‬ﻋﺮاك ﺑﻦ َﻣﺎ ِﻟﻚ َﻗﺎ َل ‪ :‬ﺳﻤﻌﺖ َﻋﺎﺋِ َﺸﺔ َر ِ َﴈ ا ُﷲ َﻋ ْﻨ ُﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﻧﻜﺮه‪ ،‬و َﻗﺎ َل ‪ :‬ﻋﺮاك ﺑﻦ َﻣﺎ ِﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ أﻳﻦ ﺳﻤﻊ َﻋﺎﺋِ َﺸﺔ‪َ ،‬ﻣﺎﻟﻪ وﻟ َﻌﺎﺋِ َﺸﺔ؟ إﻧ َﲈ ﻳﺮوي َﻋﻦ ﻋﺮوة َﻫ َﺬا ﺧﻄﺄ‪ ،‬ﻓﺴﺄل ‪ :‬ﻣﻦ روى َﻫ َﺬا؟ ﻓﺄﺟﻴﺐ ‪ :‬ﱠﲪﺎد ﺑﻦ ﺳـﻠﻤﺔ‪َ ،‬ﻋـﻦ ﺧﺎﻟـﺪ‬ ‫اﳊﺬاء‪َ ،‬ﻓ َﻘﺎ َل‪َ :‬ر َوا ُه َﻏ ْﲑ َوا ِﺣﺪ َﻋﻦﺧﺎﻟﺪاﳊﺬاء‪َ ،‬ﻟ ْﻴ َﺲ ﻓِﻴﻪ ﺳﻤﻌﺖ‪َ ،‬و َﻗﺎ َل َﻏ ْﲑ َوا ِﺣﺪ أﻳ ًﻀﺎ َﻋﻦ ﱠﲪﺎد ﺑﻦ ﺳﻠﻤﺔ َﻟ ْﻴ َﺲ ﻓِﻴﻪ ﺳﻤﻌﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫وأﻳﺪه ِﰲ ﻋﺪم ﺳ َﲈﻋﻪ ﻣﻦ َﻋﺎ ِﺋ َﺸﺔ‪ ،‬ﻣﻮﺳﻰ ﺑﻦ ﻫﺎرون‪ ،‬وﻛﺬا َأ ُﺑﻮ َﻋ ْﺒﺪ ا ِﷲ ا َﳊﺎ ِﻛﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻘ َﺐ ا ْﻟ َﻌ ْﻴﻨﻲ ﺑﻘﻮﻟﻪ ‪َ \" :‬أ ُﺑﻮ َﻋ ْﺒﺪ اﷲِ ﱂ ﳚﺰم ﺑﻌﺪم ﺳ َﲈﻋﻪ ِﻣ ْﻨ َﻬﺎ إﻧ َﲈ ذﻛﺮه اﺳﺘﺒﻌﺎ ًدا‪ ،‬وأ ﱠﻣﺎ رواﻳﺘﻪ ﻋﻦ ﻋﺮوة ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﻓﻼ ﻳﺪل َﻋ َﲆ ﻋﺪم ﺳ َﲈﻋﻪ‬ ‫ِﻣ ْﻨ َﻬﺎ ﻻ ﺳﻴ َﲈ وﻗﺪ ﲨﻌﻬ َﲈ ﺑﻠﺪ وﻋﴫ َوا ِﺣﺪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺴ َﲈﻋﻪ ِﻣﻨْ َﻬﺎ ﳑﻜﻦ ﺟﺎﺋﺰ‪ ،‬وﻗﺪ َ ﱠﴏ َح ِﰲ اﻟﻜ َﲈ ِل واﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﻬ ِﺬﻳ ِﺐ ﺑﺴـ َﲈﻋﻪ ﻣﻨﻬـﺎ‪ ،‬وﻗـﺪ وﺟـﺪﻧﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺎﺑ ًﻌﺎ ﳊ ﱠﲈد َﻋ َﲆ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﻋﻦ ﻋﺮاك ﺳﻤﻌﺖ َﻋﺎ ِﺋ َﺸﺔ َر ِ َﴈ اﷲُ َﻋ ْﻨ ُﻬﺎ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ َﻋِ ّﲇ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺎﺻﻢ ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟ ﱠﺪا َر ُﻗ ْﻄﻨِ ّﻲ و َﺻ ِﺤﻴﺢ اﺑﻦ ِﺣ ﱠﺒﺎن وﻫﻮ ﻣﻨﻬ َﲈ‬ ‫ﳏﻤﻮل َﻋ َﲆ اﻻﺗﺼﺎل ﺣﺘﻰ ﻳﻘﻮم دﻟﻴﻞ واﺿﺢ ﺑﻌﺪم ﺳ َﲈﻋﻪ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ\"‪.‬‬ ‫وأوﻣ َﺄ ﺑﻀﻌ ِﻒ إﺳﻨﺎ ِده ﻋﺒ ُﺪ اﳊ ﱢﻖ اﻹﺷﺒﻴﲇ ﰲ اﻷﺣﻜﺎ ِم اﻟﻮﺳﻄﻰ‪ : (129/1) ،‬ﻓﻘﺎل ‪\" :‬ﻫﺬا ُﻳ ْﺴﻨَ ُﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺟﺎﺑﺮ اﳊﺬاء ﻋﻦ ﺧﺎﻟﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ أﰊ اﻟﺼﻠﺖ‪ ،‬ﻋﻦ ﻋﺮاك ﺑﻦ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻋﻦ ﻋﺎﺋﺸﺔ‪ ،‬وﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﺑﻦ أﰊ اﻟﺼﻠﺖ ﺿﻌﻴﻒ\"‪.‬‬ ‫وﺑﻌﺪ أن ﻧﻘ َﻞ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ اﺑﻦ َﻋ ْﺒﺪ اﳍﺎدي‪َ ،‬ﻗﺎ َل ‪ :‬ﻗﺪ روى َأ ْ َﲪﺪ‪ ،(25511/329 /42) ،‬واﻟ ﱠﺪا َر ُﻗ ْﻄﻨِ ّﻲ‪ِ ،(166 /95/1) ،‬ﰲ ﺑﻌﺾ ﻃﺮق‬ ‫َﻫ َﺬا ا َْﳊ ِﺪﻳﺚ أ ﱠن ﻋﺮا ًﻛﺎ َﻗﺎ َل ‪\" :‬ﺣ َﺪﺛﺘﻨﻲ َﻋﺎ ِﺋ َﺸﺔ\"‪ ،‬و ُﻫﻮ ﻳﺪ ُل َﻋ َﲆ ﺳ َﲈﻋﻪ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‪ُ ،‬ﺛ ﱠﻢ َﻗﺎ َل ‪َ :‬ﻗﺎ َل ﺑﻌﻀﻬﻢ ‪ :‬وﻳﻘ ﱢﻮي َذﻟِ َﻚ أ ﱠن ُﻣ ْﺴـ ِﻠ ًﲈ أﺧـﺮج‬ ‫ِﰲ َﺻ ِﺤﻴ ِﺤ ِﻪ َﺣ ِﺪﻳ َﺚ ِﻋ َﺮاك َﻋﻦ َﻋﺎ ِﺋ َﺸ َﺔ‪ ،‬واﳌﺮاﺳﻴﻞ واﳌﻨﻘﻄﻌﺎت ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﻣﻦ ﴍ ِط اﻟ ﱠﺼ ِﺤﻴﺢ‪.‬‬ ‫وﺑﻤﺜﻞ ﻗﻮل َأ ْ َﲪﺪ َﻗﺎ َل اﻟﺰﻳﻠﻌﻲ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ َﻗﺎ َل ‪َ \" :‬وﻟِ ِﻌ َﺮا ٍك َأ َﺣﺎ ِدﻳﺚ َﻋ ِﺪﻳ َﺪ ٌة َﻋﻦ ُﻋ ْﺮ َو َة َﻋﻦ َﻋﺎﺋِ َﺸﺔ‪َ ،‬ﻗﺎ َل ‪َ :‬و َﻟ ِﻜ ْﻦ ِﻟ َﻘﺎ ِﺋ ٍﻞ َأ ْن َﻳ ُﻘﻮ َل ‪ :‬إ َذا َﻛـﺎ َن‬ ‫اﻟ ﱠﺮا ِوي َﻋﻨ ُﻪ‪َ ،‬ﻗ ْﻮ َﻟ ُﻪ ‪َ :‬ﺳ ِﻤ ْﻌ ُﺖ ﺛِ َﻘﺔ‪َ ،‬ﻓ ُﻬ َﻮ ُﻣ َﻘ ﱠﺪ ٌم‪ِ ،‬ﻻ ْﺣﺘِ َﲈ ِل َأ ﱠﻧ ُﻪ َﻟ ِﻘ َﻲ اﻟ ﱠﺸ ْﻴﺦ َﺑ ْﻌ َﺪ َذﻟِ َﻚ‪َ ،‬ﻓ َﺤ ﱠﺪ َﺛ ُﻪ‪ ،‬إ َذا َﻛﺎ َن ِﳑﱠ ْﻦ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﻟﻘﺎءه‪َ ،‬و َﻗ ْﺪ َذ َﻛ ُﺮوا َﺳ َﲈ َع‬ ‫ِﻋ َﺮا ٍك ِﻣ ْﻦ َأ ِﰊ ُﻫ َﺮ ْﻳ َﺮ َة‪َ ،‬و َﱂْ ُﻳﻨْﻜِ ُﺮو ُه‪َ ،‬و َأ ُﺑﻮ ُﻫ َﺮ ْﻳ َﺮ َة ُﺗ ُﻮ ﱢ َﰲ ُﻫ َﻮ َو َﻋﺎ ِﺋ َﺸﺔ ِﰲ َﺳ َﻨﺔ َوا ِﺣﺪ ٍة‪َ ،‬ﻓ َﻼ َﻳ ْﺒ ُﻌ ُﺪ َﺳـ َﲈ ُﻋ ُﻪ َﻋـﻦ َﻋﺎﺋِ َﺸـﺔ‪َ ،‬ﻣـ َﻊ َﻛـ ْﻮ ِ ِﳖ َﲈ ِﰲ َﺑ ْﻠـ َﺪ ٍة‬ ‫َوا ِﺣﺪ ٍة‪َ ،‬و َﻟ َﻌ ﱠﻞ َﻫ َﺬا ُﻫ َﻮ ا ﱠﻟ ِﺬي َأ ْو َﺟ َﺐ ﳌُِ ْﺴ ِﻠ ٍﻢ َأ ْن َأ ْﺧ َﺮ َج ِﰲ \" َﺻ ِﺤﻴﺤ ِﻪ\" َﺣ ِﺪﻳﺚ ِﻋ َﺮا ٍك َﻋﻦ َﻋﺎ ِﺋ َﺸﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻦ اﺑﻦ ﻗﻴﻢ ا َﳉ ْﻮ ِز ّﻳﺔ رﻓﺾ َﻫ َﺬا اﻟﻜﻼم‪ ،‬ﺑﻘﻮﻟﻪ ‪\" :‬ﻓﺈن ﻗﻴﻞ َﻗ ْﺪ َر َوى ُﻣ ْﺴﻠِ ٌﻢ ِﰲ َﺻ ِﺤﻴﺤﻪ َﺣ ِﺪﻳ ًﺜﺎ َﻋﻦ ِﻋ َﺮا ٍك َﻋﻦ َﻋﺎ ِﺋ َﺸﺔ‪ .‬ﻗِﻴ َﻞ ا َْﳉ َﻮاب‪:‬‬ ‫َأ ﱠن َأ ْ َﲪﺪ َو َﻏ ْﲑه َﺧﺎ َﻟ َﻔ ُﻪ ِﰲ َذ ِﻟ َﻚ‪َ ،‬و َﺑ ﱠﻴﻨُﻮا َأ ﱠﻧ ُﻪ َﱂْ َﻳ ْﺴ َﻤﻊ ِﻣﻨْ َﻬﺎ\"‪.‬‬ ‫َو َﻗﺎ َل اﻟﻌﻼﺋﻲ ِﰲ رواﻳﺔ ُﻣ ْﺴ ِﻠ ٍﻢ ﻟﻌﺮاك َﻋﻦ َﻋﺎﺋِ َﺸ َﺔ ِﰲ َﺻ ِﺤﻴﺤﻪ ‪ :‬واﻟﻈﺎﻫﺮ أن َذ ِﻟ َﻚ َﻋ َﲆ ﻗﺎﻋﺪﺗﻪ اﳌﻌﺮوﻓﺔ‪ ،‬واﷲ أﻋﻠـﻢ‪ .‬واﻟـﺬي ﻳﺘﻀـﺢ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ َأ ﱠﻧ ُﻪ ﻳﻘﺼﺪ ﻗﺎﻋﺪة ﻣﺴﻠﻢ ِﰲ اﳌﻌﺎﴏة‪.‬‬ ‫َو َﻗﺎ َل َأ ْ َﲪ ُﺪ ِﰲ ﻣﻮﺿﻊ آﺧﺮ ‪َ :‬أ ْﺣ َﺴ ُﻦ َﻣﺎ ِﰲ اﻟ ﱡﺮ ْﺧ َﺼ ِﺔ َﺣ ِﺪﻳﺚ َﻋﺎﺋِ َﺸﺔ‪َ ،‬وإِ ْن َﻛﺎ َن ُﻣ ْﺮ َﺳ ًﻼ‪َ ،‬ﻓﺈِ ﱠن َ ْﳐ َﺮ َﺟ ُﻪ َﺣ َﺴ ٌﻦ‪.‬‬ ‫وﻋﻘﺐ اﺑﻦ رﺟﺐ َﻋ َﲆ ﻛﻼﻣﻪ ﺑﻘﻮﻟﻪ ‪\" :‬ﻓﻠﻌﻠﻪ ﺣ ﱠﺴﻨَﻪ ﻷ ﱠن ﻋﺮا ًﻛﺎ ﻗﺪ ﻋﺮف َأ ﱠﻧ ُﻪ ﻳﺮوي َﺣ ِﺪﻳﺚ َﻋﺎﺋِ َﺸﺔ َﻋﻦ ﻋﺮوة َﻋﻨﻬﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫وﺣﺴﻦ إﺳﻨﺎده اﻟ ﱠﻨ َﻮ ِو ّي\"‪=.‬‬ ‫‪244‬‬

‫ا َﳊ ﱠﻨﺎط‪ ،‬وﻗﺪ ﻗﺪ َم اﻟ ﱠﺸﺎ ِر ُح أن اﻟ ﱠﺪا َر ُﻗ ْﻄﻨِ ّﻲ َﻗﺎ َل ‪ :‬إ ﱠﻧ ُﻪ َﺿ ِﻌﻴ ٌﻒ)‪ ،(2‬وﺻ ﱠﺢ َﻋﻦ اﺑ ِﻦ ُﻋ َﻤ َﺮ َأ ﱠﻧ ُﻪ إﻧـ َﲈ ﻳﻨﻬـﻰ َﻋـﻦ َذﻟِـ َﻚ ِﰲ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻀﺎء‪ ،‬وﻗﺪ ذﻛﺮه اﻟﺸﺎرح)‪ (3‬و ُﻫ َﻮ ِﰲ ﻣ َﻌﻨﻰ اﳌﺮﻓﻮع‪ ،‬وﺣﻴﻨﺌﺬ ﻓﻼ ﺣﺎﺟﺔ إِ َﱃ اﻟ ِﻘ َﻴﺎس‪.‬‬ ‫َو ِﻣ ْﻦ َذﻟِ َﻚ اﻋﱰا ُﺿ ُﻪ ِﰲ ﻗﻮ ِل اﻟ ﱠﺸ ْﻴ ِﺦ َﺗ ِﻘ ﱢﻲ اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳ ِﻦ ِﰲ َﻫ َﺬا ا َْﳊ ِﺪﻳﺚ)‪ : (4‬إ ﱠن اﻟ ﱠﺼ َﻼة ﺗﻔﺘﺘﺢ ﺑﺎﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﺤ ِﺮﻳﻢ\"‪ ،‬أ َﻋﻨﻲ‬ ‫ُﻫ َﻮ أﻋﻢ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﻜﺒﲑ إِ َﱃ آﺧﺮه\")‪.(1‬‬ ‫= وﺗﻜﻠ َﻢ ﻣﻐﻠﻄﺎي ﺑﻜﻼم ﻳﻔﺼﺢ ﻋﻦ ﺗﺄﻳﻴﺪه ﻟﻺ َﻣﺎم َأ ْ َﲪﺪ ﺑﻦ َﺣﻨْ َﺒﻞ‪َ ،‬ﻓ َﻘـﺎ َل ‪َ \" :‬ﻫـ َﺬا َﺣـ ِﺪﻳ ٌﺚ ﳐﺘﻠـ ٌﻒ ِﰲ ﺗ َﺼـ ِﺤﻴﺤﻪ وﺗﻀـﻌﻴﻔﻪ وإرﺳـﺎﻟﻪ‬ ‫ووﺻﻠﻪ‪ ،‬أ َﻣﺎ إﺳﻨﺎده ﻓ َﺼ ِﺤﻴﺢ َﻇﺎ ِﻫﺮ اﻻﺗﺼﺎل؛ ﻷ ﱠن ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﺑﻦ َأ ِﰊ اﻟﺼﻠﺖ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ َﻋ ْﺒﺪ اﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ\"‪.‬‬ ‫َو َﻗﺎ َل أﻳ ًﻀﺎ ‪\" :‬وأ ﱠﻣﺎ ِﻋ َﺮاك ﻓﻈﺎﻫﺮ َﺣ ِﺪﻳﺜﻪ اﻻﺗﺼﺎل؛ ﻷ ﱠن ُﻣ ْﺴ َﻠ ًﲈ وأﺑﺎ َﺣﺎﺗِﻢ اﻟ ُﺒ ْﺴﺘِ ّﻲ ﺧﺮﺟﺎه ِﰲ َﺻـ ِﺤﻴﺤﻴﻬ َﲈ‪ ،‬وﻫـﻮ ﻣـﻨﻬ َﲈ ﳏﻤـﻮل َﻋـ َﲆ‬ ‫اﻟﺴ َﲈع ﺣﺘﻰ ﻳﻘﻮم اﻟ ﱠﺪﻟِﻴﻞ َﻋ َﲆ ﺧﻼﻓﻪ‪ ،‬دﻟﻴﻠﻬ َﲈ ﻗﻮل ا ِﻹ َﻣﺎم َأ ْ َﲪﺪ ﻋﻨﺪ ﲣﺮﳚﻪ َﺣ ِﺪﻳﺚ َﻋﺎ ِﺋ َﺸﺔ ‪ :‬أﺣﺴـﻦ َﻣـﺎ روى ِﰲ اﻟﺮﺧﺼـﺔ َﺣـ ِﺪﻳﺚ‬ ‫ﻋﺮاك وإن ﻛﺎن ﻣﺮﺳ ًﻼ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈن ﳐﺮﺟﻪ ﺣﺴﻦ\"‪.‬‬ ‫و َﻫ َﺬا اﺑﻦ ﺣﺰم ﻳﻌ ﱡﻠﻪ ﺑﻌﻠ ٍﺔ ﳐﺎﻟﻔﺔ ﳌﻦ ذﻛﺮﻧﺎ ﻗﻮﳍﻢ‪َ ،‬ﻓ َﻘﺎ َل ‪َ \" :‬و َأ ﱠﻣﺎ َﺣ ِﺪﻳﺚ َﻋﺎﺋِ َﺸﺔ َﻓ ُﻬ َﻮ َﺳﺎ ِﻗ ٌﻂ؛ ﻷﻧ ُﻪ ِر َوا َﻳ ُﺔ َﺧﺎ ِﻟ ٍﺪ ا َْﳊ ﱠﺬا ِء َو ُﻫـ َﻮ ﺛِ َﻘـﺔ‪َ ،‬ﻋـ ْﻦ‬ ‫َﺧﺎ ِﻟ ِﺪ ْﺑ ِﻦ َأ ِﰊ اﻟ ﱠﺼ ْﻠ ِﺖ َو ُﻫ َﻮ َ ْﳎ ُﻬﻮ ٌل َﻻ ُﻳ ْﺪ َرى َﻣ ْﻦ ُﻫ َﻮ\"‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﺮد ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﻐﻠﻄﺎي ﻗﻮ َﻟ ُﻪ ﺑﺠﻬﺎﻟﺔ ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﺑﻦ َأ ِﰊ اﻟﺼﻠﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫َو َﻗﺎ َل اﺑ ُﻦ َﻋ ْﺒﺪ اﻟﱪ ‪\" :‬و َﺣ ِﺪﻳ ُﺚ َﻋﺎ ِﺋ َﺸﺔ ﻗﺪ دﻓﻌﻪ ﻗﻮم‪ ،‬وﻟﻮ ﺻﺢ ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﻓﻴﻪ ِﺧ َﻼف ﳌَﺎ ذﻫﺒﻨﺎ إﻟﻴﻪ؛ ﻷ ﱠن اﳌﻘﻌﺪ ﻻ َﻳ ُﻜـﻮن إﻻ ِﰲ اﻟﺒﻴـﻮت‬ ‫وﻟﻴﺲ ﺑ َﺬﻟِ َﻚ ﺑﺄس ﻋﻨﺪﻧﺎ ِﰲ ﻛﻨﻒ اﻟﺒﻴﻮت‪ ،‬وإﻧ َﲈ وﻗﻊ ﳖﻴﻪ واﷲ َأ ْﻋ َﻠﻢ َﻋ َﲆ اﻟﺼﺤﺎرى واﻟﻔﻴﺎﰲ واﻟﻔﻀﺎء دون ﻛﻨﻒ اﻟﺒﻴﻮت\"‪.‬‬ ‫َو َﻗﺎ َل اﻟ ﱠﺬ َﻫﺒِ ّﻲ َﻋﻦ ا َْﳊ ِﺪﻳﺚ ‪\" :‬ﻻ ﻳﻜﺎد ﻳﻌﺮف‪ ،‬ﺗﻔﺮد َﻋﻦ ﻋﺮاك ﺑﻪ ﺧﺎﻟﺪ اﳊﺬاء‪ ،‬و َﻫ َﺬا َﺣ ِﺪﻳﺚ ﻣﻨﻜﺮ‪ ،‬وﺗﺎرة َر َوا ُه اﳊـﺬاء َﻋـﻦ ﻋـﺮاك‬ ‫ﻣﺪﻟ ًﺴﺎ‪ ،‬وﺗﺎرة ﻳﻘﻮل َﻋﻦ رﺟﻞ َﻋﻦ ﻋﺮاك\"‪.‬‬ ‫وﺿﻌ ﱠﻒ اﻟ ﱠﺸ ْﻴ ُﺦ ا َﻷ ْﻟ َﺒﺎ ِ ّﲏ ا َْﳊ ِﺪﻳﺚ ﺑﺴﺖ ﻋﻠﻞ ذﻛﺮﻫﺎ‪ُ ،‬ﺛ ﱠﻢ َﻓ ﱠﺼﻞ اﻟ َﻘ ْﻮل ﻓِﻴ َﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎ ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮﻫﺎ‪ ،‬وﻫﻲ ‪:‬‬ ‫اﻷوﱃ ‪ :‬اﻻﺧﺘﻼف َﻋ َﲆ ﱠﲪﺎد ﺑﻦ ﺳﻠﻤﺔ‪ .‬اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ‪ :‬اﻻﺧﺘﻼف َﻋ َﲆ ﺧﺎﻟﺪ اﳊﺬاء و ُﻫﻮ اﺑﻦ ﻣﻬﺮان‪ .‬اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ ‪ :‬ﺟﻬﺎﻟﺔ ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﺑﻦ َأ ِﰊ اﻟﺼﻠﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﺮاﺑﻌﺔ ‪ :‬ﳐﺎﻟﻔﺘﻪ ﻟﻠﺜﻘﺔ‪ .‬اﳋﺎﻣﺴﺔ ‪ :‬اﻻﻧﻘﻄﺎع ﺑﲔ ﻋﺮاك و َﻋﺎ ِﺋ َﺸﺔ‪ .‬اﻟﺴﺎدﺳﺔ ‪ :‬اﻟﻨﻜﺎرة ِﰲ اﳌﺘﻦ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ ‪ :‬اﻟﻈﺎﻫﺮ أن اﻟ ُﺒ ْﻠ ِﻘﻴﻨِ ّﻲ َﺗﺒِ َﻊ اﻹ َﻣﺎ َم َأ ْ َﲪﺪ ﺑ َﻦ َﺣﻨْ َﺒﻞ ِﰲ َ ْﲢ ِﺴﻴﻨِﻪ‪ ،‬وﻟﻌﻠﻪ ﻛ َﺬ ِﻟ َﻚ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ِ ،(163‬ﻛ َﻼ ُ َﳘﺎ ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ َأ ِﰊ‬ ‫اﻟو َﺘ ُﺎﺳ ِرَﺆﻳا ََﺦﻻاﻟِتﻜاﺒﻟ ﱢﲑﺴ‪ْ ،‬ﻟﺠ ِﻠﺰﺒيﺨﺎﻟﻠر َﺤيﺎ‪،‬ﻛِ)ﻢ‪56)/،3‬ص‪5،1(1‬و‪1‬ﻋ(ﻠ‪َ ،‬ﻞواا ُﳌﻟ ﱢ َ ْﺤﱰ ﱠِﻣﲆِﺬ‪ّ ،‬يﻻاْﺑﻟ ِﻦﻜﺒﺣﲑـ‪،‬ﺰ)م‪9،7(9/01/)1،‬وا‪1‬ﳌ(ﺮ‪،‬اوﺳاﻴﻟﺘَﻞﻤ‪،‬ﻬ)ﻴـ َﺪ‪،‬ص‪2‬ﻻ ْﺑ‪6‬ـ‪ِ1‬ﻦ‪،‬‬ ‫َﻋ ْﺒـﺪ اﻟـﱪ‪،(310/1) ،‬‬ ‫ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪:‬‬ ‫َﺣﺎﺗِﻢ‪،‬‬ ‫وﴍ َح اﻟ ﱠﻨ َﻮ ِو ّي َﻋ َﲆ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ‪ ،(154/3) ،‬وﻣﻴﺰا َن اﻻﻋﺘﺪال‪ ،‬ﻟﻠ ﱠﺬ َﻫﺒِ ّﻲ‪ ،(414/2) ،‬و َ ْﲥـ ِﺬﻳ َﺐ ﺳـﻨﻦ َأ ِﰊ داود‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑـ ِﻦ ﻗـﻴﻢ ا َﳉ ْﻮ ِز ّﻳـﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫)‪ ،(23/1‬وﺟﺎﻣ َﻊ اﻟﺘﺤﺼﻴﻞ ِﰲ أﺣﻜﺎم اﳌﺮاﺳﻴﻞ‪ ،‬ﻟﻠﻌﻼﺋـﻲ‪) ،‬ص ‪ ،(236‬وﻧﺼـ َﺐ اﻟﺮاﻳـﺔ‪ ،‬ﻟﻠﺰﻳﻠﻌـﻲ‪ ،(107/2) ،‬وﴍ َح ﻋﻠـﻞ‬ ‫اﻟ ﱢ ْﱰ ِﻣ ِﺬ ّي‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ رﺟﺐ‪ ،(559/1) ،‬و َ ْﲥ ِﺬﻳ َﺐ اﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﻬ ِﺬﻳﺐ‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ َﺣ َﺠﺮ‪ ،(537/5) ،‬و ُﻋ ْﻤ َﺪ َة اﻟﻘﺎري‪ ،‬ﻟﻠ َﻌ ْﻴﻨِ ّﻲ‪ ،(428 /2) ،‬وﺗﻨﻘـﻴ َﺢ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ ِﰲ َأ َﺣﺎ ِدﻳﺚ اﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻖ‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ َﻋ ْﺒﺪ اﳍﺎدي‪ ،(153 /1) ،‬واﻟﺴﻠﺴﻠ َﺔ اﻟﻀﻌﻴﻒ‪ِ ،‬ﻟ َﻸ ْﻟ َﺒﺎ ِ ّﲏ‪.(354 /2) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ (1‬ﺳـﻨﻦ اﺑـﻦ َﻣﺎﺟـﻪ ‪) :‬ص‪ِ (1) ،(74‬ﻛ َﺘـﺎب اﻟ ﱠﻄ َﻬـﺎ َر ِة َو ُﺳـﻨَﻨِ َﻬﺎ‪َ (18) ،‬ﺑـﺎ ُب اﻟ ﱡﺮ ْﺧ َﺼـ ِﺔ ِﰲ َذﻟِـ َﻚ ِﰲ ا ْﻟ َﻜﻨِﻴـ ِﻒ‪َ ،‬وإِ َﺑﺎ َﺣﺘِـ ِﻪ ُدو َن‬ ‫اﻟ ﱠﺼ َﺤﺎ ِري‪ ،(323) ،‬ﻣﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ِﻋﻴ َﺴﻰ ا َْﳊﻨﱠﺎ ِط‪َ ،‬ﻋ ْﻦ َﻧﺎﻓِ ٍﻊ‪َ ،‬ﻋ ْﻦ ا ْﺑ ِﻦ ُﻋ َﻤ َﺮ‪َ ،‬ر ِ َﴈ ا ﱠُﷲ َﻋ ْﻨ ُﻪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (2‬إِ ْﺣ َﻜﺎ ُم ا ْ َﻷ ْﺣ َﻜﺎم َ ْﴍح ُﻋ ْﻤ َﺪة ا َﻷ ْﺣ َﻜﺎ ِم‪.(53/1) ،‬‬ ‫وﻗﻮل اﻟـ ﱠﺪا َر ُﻗ ْﻄﻨِ ّﻲ ِﰲ ﺳـﻨﻨﻪ‪ ،(97 ،96 /1) ،‬و ِﰲ اﻟ ِﻌ َﻠـﻞ‪َ ،(112 /12) ،‬و َﻗـﺎ َل َﻣـ ﱠﺮة ‪ :‬ﺻـﺎﻟﺢ ا َْﳊـ ِﺪﻳﺚ‪ ،‬ا ْﻧ ُﻈـ ْﺮ ‪ :‬اﻟ ﱡﻀـ َﻌ َﻔﺎء‬ ‫)ص‪ ،(315‬وأﺧﺮى ‪ :‬ﻣﱰوك‪ ،‬ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪ُ :‬ﺳ َﺆا َﻻت اﻟﱪﻗﺎﲏ ﻟﻠ ﱠﺪا َر ُﻗ ْﻄﻨِ ّﻲ‪) ،‬ص‪.(53‬‬ ‫َوا َﳌ ْ ُﱰوﻛِﲔ‪،‬‬ ‫اﻟ ﱠﺪا َر ُﻗ ْﻄﻨِ ّﻲ َﻗﺎ َل ‪َ :‬أ ﱠﻧ ُﻪ ﺿﻌﻴﻒ‪ ،‬و َﺻﺢ َﻋﻦ اﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ َأ ﱠﻧ ُﻪ َﻗﺎ َل\" ﻣﻜﺮرة ﻫﻨﺎ ِﰲ )ب(‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (3‬ﻋﺒﺎرة \"إن‬ ‫)‪ (4‬أي ا َْﳊ ِﺪﻳﺚ اﻟﺬي َر َوا ُه ُﻣ ْﺴﻠِ ٌﻢ ِﰲ َﺻ ِﺤﻴ ِﺤﻪ َﻋﻦ َﻋﺎﺋِ َﺸﺔ َر ِ َﴈ ا ُﷲ َﻋ ْﻨ ُﻬﺎ‪َ ،‬ﻗﺎ َﻟـﺖ ‪َ :‬ﻛـﺎ َن َر ُﺳـﻮ ُل ا ِﷲ َﺻـ ﱠﲆ اﷲُ َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴـ ِﻪ َو َﺳـ ﱠﻠ َﻢ َﻳ ْﺴـ َﺘ ْﻔﺘِ ُﺢ‬ ‫اﻟ ﱠﺼ َﻼة ﺑِﺎﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﻜﺒِ ِﲑ َوا ْﻟ ِﻘ َﺮا َء َة ﺑِـ ‪َ ،)('&‬و َﻛﺎ َن إِ َذا َر َﻛ َﻊ َﱂْ ُﻳ ْﺸ ِﺨ ْﺺ َر ْأ َﺳ ُﻪ َو َﱂْ ُﻳ َﺼ ﱢﻮ ْﺑ ُﻪ َو ِﻟ َﻜ ْﻦ َﺑ ْ َﲔ َذﻟِـ َﻚ‪َ ،‬و َﻛـﺎ َن إِ َذا‬ ‫َر َﻓ َﻊ َر ْأ َﺳ ُﻪ ِﻣ َﻦ اﻟ ﱡﺮ ُﻛﻮ ِع َﱂْ َﻳ ْﺴ ُﺠ ْﺪ َﺣ ﱠﺘﻰ َﻳ ْﺴ َﺘ ِﻮ َى َﻗﺎ ِﺋ َﲈ‪َ ،‬و َﻛﺎ َن إِ َذا َر َﻓ َﻊ َر ْأ َﺳ ُﻪ ِﻣ َﻦ اﻟ ﱠﺴ ْﺠ َﺪ ِة َﱂْ َﻳ ْﺴ ُﺠ ْﺪ َﺣ ﱠﺘﻰ َﻳ ْﺴ َﺘ ِﻮ َى َﺟﺎﻟِ ًﺴﺎ‪َ ،‬و َﻛﺎ َن َﻳ ُﻘـﻮ ُل ِﰲ‬ ‫ُﻛ ﱢﻞ َر ْﻛ َﻌ َﺘ ْ ِﲔ اﻟ ﱠﺘ ِﺤ ﱠﻴ َﺔ‪َ ،‬و َﻛﺎ َن َﻳ ْﻔ ِﺮ ُش ِر ْﺟ َﻠ ُﻪ ا ْﻟ ُﻴ ْ َﴪى‪َ ،‬و َﻳ ْﻨ ِﺼ ُﺐ ِر ْﺟ َﻠ ُﻪ ا ْﻟ ُﻴ ْﻤﻨَﻰ‪َ ،‬و َﻛﺎ َن َﻳ ْﻨ َﻬﻰ َﻋﻦ ُﻋ ْﻘ َﺒ ِﺔ اﻟ ﱠﺸ ْﻴ َﻄﺎ ِن‪َ ،‬و َﻳﻨْ َﻬﻰ َأ ْن َﻳ ْﻔ َ ِﱰ َش اﻟ ﱠﺮ ُﺟ ُﻞ‬ ‫ِذ َرا َﻋ ْﻴ ِﻪ ا ْﻓ ِ َﱰا َش اﻟ ﱠﺴ ُﺒ ِﻊ‪َ ،‬و َﻛﺎ َن َ ْﳜﺘِ ُﻢ اﻟ ﱠﺼ َﻼة ﺑِﺎﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﺴﻠِﻴ ِﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (4‬ﻛِ َﺘﺎب اﻟ ﱠﺼ َﻼة )‪َ (46‬ﺑﺎ ُب َﻣﺎ َ ْﳚ َﻤ ُﻊ ِﺻ َﻔ َﺔ اﻟ ﱠﺼ َﻼة َو َﻣﺎ ُﻳ ْﻔ َﺘ َﺘ ُﺢ ﺑِ ِﻪ َو ُ ْﳜ َﺘ ُﻢ ﺑِ ِﻪ‪َ ،‬و ِﺻ َﻔ َﺔ اﻟ ﱡﺮ ُﻛﻮ ِع َوا ِﻻ ْﻋﺘِ َﺪا ِل ِﻣ ْﻨ ُﻪ‪=.(498/240) ،...‬‬ ‫‪245‬‬

‫َﻗﺎ َل َﺷ ْﻴ ُﺨﻨَﺎ اﻟ َﻮاﻟِ ُﺪ َر ِ َﴈ ا ُﷲ َﻋ ْﻨ ُﻪ ‪َ :‬ﻣﺎ)‪ (2‬ذ َﻛ َﺮه ﻛﻼ ٌم َﻏ ْ ُﲑ ﻣﺘﺠﻪ‪ ،‬ﻗﻮﻟُ ُﻪ ‪\" :‬إ ﱠن اﻟ ﱠﺼ َﻼة ﺗﻔﺘﺘﺢ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﱠ ْﺤ ِﺮﻳﻢ\" ُﻣ َﺴـ ﱠﻠﻢ‬ ‫َﻟ ِﻜﻦ اﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﺤ ِﺮﻳﻢ ُﻫ َﻮ اﻟﺘﱠ ْﻜﺒِﲑ‪ ،‬ﻛ َﲈ َﻗﺎ َل اﻟﻨﱠﺒِ ّﻲ َﺻ ﱠﲆ اﷲُ َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴ ِﻪ َو َﺳ ﱠﻠ َﻢ ‪ْ َ \" :‬ﲢ ِﺮﻳ ُﻤ َﻬﺎ اﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﻜﺒِ ُﲑ\")‪ ،(3‬أ ّﻣـﺎ اﻟﻨﱢﻴﱠـ ُﺔ ﻓﺎ ْﻋﺘِﺒَﺎرﻫـﺎ ﺑﺎﻟـ ﱠﺪ ِﻟﻴﻞ‬ ‫= )‪ (1‬إِ ْﺣ َﻜﺎ ُم ا ْ َﻷ ْﺣ َﻜﺎم َ ْﴍح ُﻋ ْﻤ َﺪة اﻷَ ْﺣ َﻜﺎ ِم‪.(215/1) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ (2‬ﻛﻠﻤﺔ \" َﻣﺎ\" ﺳﺎﻗﻄﺔ ﻣﻦ )أ(‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ُ (3‬ﺳﻨَ ُﻦ َأ ِﰊ َدا ُود ‪) :‬ص‪ (1) ،(15‬ﻛِ َﺘﺎب اﻟ ﱠﻄ َﻬﺎ َر ِة‪َ (31) ،‬ﺑﺎ ُب َﻓـ ْﺮ ِض ا ْﻟ ُﻮ ُﺿـﻮ ِء‪ ،(61) ،‬وا ْﻧ ُﻈـ ْﺮ رﻗـﻢ ‪ ،(618) :‬ﺳـﻨﻦ اﻟ ﱢ ْﱰ ِﻣـ ِﺬ ّي ‪:‬‬ ‫)ص‪ (1) ،(12‬ﻛِ َﺘﺎب اﻟ ﱠﻄ َﻬﺎ َر ِة‪َ (3) ،‬ﺑﺎ ُب َﻣﺎ َﺟﺎ َء َأ ﱠن ِﻣ ْﻔ َﺘﺎ َح اﻟ ﱠﺼ َﻼة اﻟ ﱡﻄ ُﻬﻮ ُر‪ ،(3) ،‬ورﻗﻢ)‪ ،(238‬ﺳﻨﻦ اﺑﻦ َﻣﺎﺟﻪ ‪) :‬ص‪(1) ،(65‬‬ ‫ِﻛ َﺘﺎب اﻟ ﱠﻄ َﻬﺎ َر ِة‪َ (3) ،‬ﺑﺎ ُب ِﻣ ْﻔ َﺘﺎ ُح اﻟ ﱠﺼ َﻼة اﻟ ﱡﻄ ُﻬﻮ ُر‪ ،(275) ،‬ﺛﻼﺛﺘﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ َﻋ ْﺒﺪ ا ِﷲ ْﺑ ِﻦ ُ َﳏ ﱠﻤﺪ ْﺑ ِﻦ َﻋ ِﻘﻴﻞ‪َ ،‬ﻋ ْﻦ ُ َﳏ ﱠﻤﺪ ا ْﺑـ ِﻦ ا َْﳊﻨَ ِﻔ ﱠﻴـ ِﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫َﻋ ْﻦ َﻋِ ّﲇ َر ِ َﴈ ا ُﷲ َﻋ ْﻨ ُﻪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫وﻟﻠ َﺤ ِﺪﻳ ِﺚ ﺷﺎﻫ ٌﺪ ﻣﻦ َﺣ ِﺪﻳﺚ َأ ِﰊ َﺳ ِﻌﻴﺪ اﳋﺪري‪َ ،‬أ ْﺧ َﺮ َﺟ ُﻪ اﻟ ﱢ ْﱰ ِﻣ ِﺬ ّي ِﰲ ﺳﻨﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﻗﻢ ‪ ،(238) :‬واﺑﻦ َﻣﺎﺟﻪ ِﰲ ﺳﻨﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﻗﻢ ‪.(276) :‬‬ ‫وﻣﻦ َﺣ ِﺪﻳ ِﺚ َﻋ ْﺒ ِﺪ اﷲِ ْﺑ ِﻦ َز ْﻳ ٍﺪ‪َ ،‬أ ْﺧ َﺮ َﺟ ُﻪ اﻟ ﱠﺪا َر ُﻗ ْﻄﻨِ ّﻲ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﻗﻢ ‪.(1360) :‬‬ ‫َﻗﺎ َل اﻟ ﱢ ْﱰ ِﻣ ِﺬ ﱡي ‪َ :‬ﻫ َﺬا ا َْﳊ ِﺪﻳ ُﺚ َأ َﺻ ﱡﺢ َ ْﳾ ٍء ِﰲ َﻫ َﺬا اﻟ َﺒﺎ َب َو َأ ْﺣ َﺴ ُﻦ‪َ ،‬و َﻋ ْﺒﺪ ا ِﷲ ْﺑ ُﻦ ُ َﳏ ﱠﻤﺪ ْﺑ ِﻦ َﻋ ِﻘﻴﻞ ُﻫ َﻮ َﺻ ُﺪوق‪َ ،‬و َﻗ ْﺪ َﺗ َﻜ ﱠﻠ َﻢ ﻓِﻴ ِﻪ َﺑ ْﻌ ُﺾ َأ ْﻫ ِﻞ‬ ‫ا ْﻟ ِﻌ ْﻠ ِﻢ ِﻣ ْﻦ ِﻗ َﺒ ِﻞ ِﺣ ْﻔ ِﻈ ِﻪ‪ ،‬و َﺳ ِﻤ ْﻌﺖ ُ َﳏ ﱠﻤﺪ ْﺑ َﻦ إِ ْﺳ َﲈ ِﻋﻴ َﻞ‪َ ،‬ﻳ ُﻘﻮ ُل ‪َ :‬ﻛﺎ َن َأ ْ َﲪﺪ ْﺑـ ُﻦ َﺣ ْﻨ َﺒـﻞ‪َ ،‬وإِ ْﺳـ َﺤﺎق ْﺑـ ُﻦ إِ ْﺑـ َﺮا ِﻫﻴ َﻢ‪َ ،‬وا ُْﳊ َﻤ ْﻴـ ِﺪ ﱡي‪ْ َ ،‬ﳛ َﺘ ﱡﺠـﻮ َن‬ ‫ﺑِ َﺤ ِﺪﻳﺚ َﻋ ْﺒﺪ اﷲِ ْﺑ ِﻦ ُ َﳏ ﱠﻤﺪ ْﺑ ِﻦ َﻋ ِﻘﻴﻞ‪َ ،‬ﻗﺎ َل ُ َﳏ ﱠﻤﺪ ‪َ :‬و ُﻫ َﻮ ُﻣ َﻘﺎ ِر ُب ا َْﳊ ِﺪﻳﺚ‪.‬‬ ‫و َﻋ ْﺒﺪ اﷲِ ْﺑﻦ ُ َﳏ ﱠﻤﺪ ْﺑﻦ َﻋ ِﻘﻴﻞ َﻫ َﺬا‪:‬‬ ‫َو ﱠﺛ َﻘﻪ اﻟ ِﻌ ْﺠِ ّﲇ‪َ ،‬و َزا َد ‪ :‬ﺟﺎﺋﺰ ا َْﳊ ِﺪﻳﺚ‪.‬‬ ‫وﺑﺎﻟ َﻎ اﺑ ُﻦ َﻋ ْﺒﺪ اﻟﱪ ِﰲ ﺛﻮﺛﻴﻘﻪ‪َ ،‬ﻓ َﻘﺎ َل ‪\" :‬ﻫﻮ أوﺛﻖ ﻣﻦ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻜﻠﻢ ﻓﻴﻪ\"‪ ،‬ووﺻﻒ اﺑﻦ َﺣ َﺠﺮ ﻛﻼﻣﻪ َﻫ َﺬا ﺑﺎﻹﻓﺮاط‪.‬‬ ‫َو َﻗﺎ َل اﺑ ُﻦ ﻋﺪي ‪\" :‬وﻗﺪ روى ﻋﻨﻪ َﲨﺎﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ اﳌﻌﺮوﻓﲔ اﻟ ﱢﺜ َﻘﺎت‪ ،‬وﻳﻜﺘﺐ َﺣ ِﺪﻳﺜﻪ\"‪.‬‬ ‫و َﺣ ﱠﺴ َﻦ َﺣ ِﺪﻳ َﺜﻪ اﻟ ﱠﺬ َﻫﺒِ ﱡﻲ‪َ ،‬و َزا َد ‪ :‬اﺣﺘﺞ ﺑﻪ َأ ْ َﲪﺪ وإِ ْﺳ َﺤﺎق‪.‬‬ ‫َو َﻗﺎ َل اﺑ ُﻦ َﺣ َﺠﺮ ‪َ \" :‬ﺻ ُﺪوق ِﰲ َﺣ ِﺪﻳﺜﻪ ﻟﲔ‪ ،‬وﻳﻘﺎل َﺗ َﻐ ﱠﲑ ﺑِ َﺄ َﺧ َﺮة\"‪.‬‬ ‫َو َﻗﺎ َل اﺑ ُﻦ َﺳ ْﻌﺪ ‪ :‬ﻛﺎن َﻛﺜِ َﲑ اﻟﻌﻠﻢ‪ ،‬وﻛﺎن ُﻣﻨﻜﺮ ا َْﳊ ِﺪﻳﺚ‪ ،‬ﻻ ُﳛﺘﺞ ﺑِ َﺤ ِﺪﻳﺜ ِﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫وﻧﻔﻰ ا ْﺑ ُﻦ َﻣ ِﻌﲔ اﻻ ْﺣﺘِ َﺠﺎج ﺑﻪ‪َ ،‬و َﻗﺎ َل َﻣ ﱠﺮة ‪َ :‬ﻟ ْﻴ َﺲ ﺑِ َﺬاك‪َ ،‬و َﻗﺎ َل َﻣ ﱠﺮة ‪َ :‬ﻣﺎ أﺣﺒﻪ ِﰲ ا َْﳊ ِﺪﻳﺚ‪ ،‬وﻣﺮة ‪ :‬ﻣﻦ ﺑﺎﺑﻪ َأ ْﺻ َﺤﺎب ا َْﳊ ِﺪﻳﺚ اﻟﺮﻗﺎﻗﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫َو َﺿ ﱠﻌ َﻔ ُﻪ اﺑ ُﻦ ُﻋ َﻴ ْﻴ َﻨﺔ‪ ،‬وا ْﺑﻦ َﻣ ِﻌﲔ ﴏاﺣﺔ ﻣﺮة ِﰲ ﻛﻞ أﻣﺮه‪ ،‬وﻛﺬا ﺿﻌﻔﻪ اﺑﻦ ا َﳌ ِﺪﻳﻨِ ّﻲ‪َ ،‬و َﻗﺎ َل َﻣ ﱠﺮة ‪ :‬وﻛﺎن َﻣﺎ ِﻟﻚ ﻻ ﻳﺮوي ﻋﻨﻪ‪َ ،‬و َﻗﺎ َل ﺑـﺄ ﱠن‬ ‫َﻣﺎﻟِﻚ ﱂ ﻳﺪﺧﻠﻪ ِﰲ ﻛﺘﺒﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫وﻛﺬا َﺿ ﱠﻌ َﻔﻪ اﻟ ﱠﻨ َﺴﺎ ِﺋ ّﻲ‪ ،‬وأﺷﺎر إِ َﱃ ﺿﻌﻔﻪ َأ ْ َﲪ ُﺪ ﺑﻦ َﺣ ْﻨ َﺒﻞ‪.‬‬ ‫َو َﻗﺎ َل اﺑ ُﻦ ِﺧ َﺮاش ‪ :‬ﺗﻜﻠﻢ اﻟﻨﺎس ﻓﻴﻪ‪َ ،‬و َﻗﺎ َل اﻟ ﱠﺴﺎ ِﺟﻲ ‪ :‬ﻛﺎن ﻣﻦ َأ ْﻫ ِﻞ اﻟ ﱢﺼ ْﺪق وﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﺑﻤﺘﻘﻦ ِﰲ ا َْﳊ ِﺪﻳﺚ‪.‬‬ ‫َو َﻗﺎ َل َأ ُﺑﻮ َأ ْ َﲪﺪ ا َﳊﺎ ِﻛﻢ ‪ :‬وﻟﻴﺲ ﺑﺎﳌﺘﲔ ﻋﻨﺪﻫﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫وﱂ ﻳﻘﻮه اﻟ ﱠﺪا َر ُﻗ ْﻄﻨِ ّﻲ‪.‬‬ ‫َو َﻗﺎ َل َأ ُﺑﻮ ُز ْر َﻋﺔ ‪ :‬ﳜﺘﻠﻒ ﻋﻨﻪ ِﰲ اﻷﺳﺎﻧﻴﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫وﻟﻴﻨﻪ َأ ُﺑﻮ َﺣﺎﺗِﻢ وﱂ ﻳﻘﻮه‪ ،‬وﻧ ِﻔﻲ اﻻ ْﺣﺘِ َﺠﺎج ﺑِ َﺤ ِﺪﻳﺜ ِﻪ‪ ،‬وﻗﺎل ‪ُ :‬ﻳ ْﻜ َﺘ ُﺐ َﺣ ِﺪﻳﺜ ُﻪ‪ ،‬وﻛﺬا اﺑﻦ ُﺧ َﺰ ْﻳ ِﻤﺔ ﻧﻔﻰ اﻻ ْﺣﺘِ َﺠﺎج ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﺪه ﻟﺴﻮء ﺣﻔﻈﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫َو َﻗﺎ َل اﳉﻮزﺟﺎﲏ ‪ُ :‬ﺗﻮ ﱢﻗﻒ ﻋﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻋﺎﻣﺔ َﻣﺎ ﻳﺮوى ﻋﻨﻪ ﻏﺮﻳﺐ‪.‬‬ ‫َو َﻗﺎ َل اﺑ ُﻦ ِﺣ ﱠﺒﺎن ‪ :‬ﻛﺎن َﻋ ْﺒ ُﺪ ا ِﷲ ﻣﻦ ﺳﺎدا ِت ا ُﳌ ْﺴﻠِﻤ َﲔ ِﻣ ْﻦ ُﻓ َﻘ َﻬﺎ ِء َأ ْﻫ ِﻞ اﻟ َﺒ ْﻴ ْﺖ و ُﻗ ﱠﺮاﺋِ ِﻬﻢ إﻻ َأ ﱠﻧـ ُﻪ َﻛـﺎ َن َر ِدي َء ا ِﳊ ْﻔـ ِﻆ‪ ،‬ﻛـﺎن ُ َﳛـ ﱢﺪ ُث َﻋـ َﲆ‬ ‫اﻟ ّﺘ َﻮ ﱡﻫ ِﻢ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﺠﺊ ﺑﺎﳋ ِﱪ َﻋ َﲆ َﻏ ْﲑ ﺳﻨﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠ ﱠﲈ ﻛﺜﺮ َذ ِﻟ َﻚ ِﰲ أﺧﺒﺎ ِره و َﺟ َﺐ ُ َﳎﺎ َﻧ َﺒﺘﻬﺎ واﻻ ْﺣﺘِ َﺠﺎج ﺑﻀ ﱢﺪ َﻫﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫َو َﻗﺎ َل ا َﳊﺎ ِﻛﻢ ‪ُ \" :‬ﻋ ﱢﻤ َﺮ ﻓﺴﺎء ﺣﻔﻈﻪ ﻓﺤﺪث َﻋ َﲆ اﻟﺘﺨﻤﲔ\"‪.‬‬ ‫َو َﻗﺎ َل اﺑ ُﻦ َﻋ ْﺒﺪ اﻟﱪ ‪\" :‬ﻟﻴﺲ ﺑﺎ َْﳊﺎﻓِﻆ ﻋﻨﺪﻫﻢ\"‪َ ،‬و َﻗﺎ َل َﻣ ﱠﺮة ‪\" :‬ﻗﺪ ﻗﺒﻞ َﲨﺎﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ أﻫﻞ اﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﺑﺎ َْﳊ ِﺪﻳﺚ َﺣ ِﺪﻳﺜﻪ‪ ،‬واﺣﺘﺠﻮا ﺑﻪ وﺧﺎﻟﻔﻬﻢ ِﰲ‬ ‫َذﻟِ َﻚ آﺧﺮون\"‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ ‪ :‬ﻫﻮ ﻫﻮ َﺻ ُﺪو ٌق‪ ،‬إﱃ اﻟ ﱠﻀ ْﻌ ِﻒ َأ ْﻗ َﺮب‪.‬‬ ‫وﻧﻨﻘ ُﻞ ﻣﻦ وﻗﻔﻨﺎ ﻣﻦ أﻫ ِﻞ اﻟ ِﻌ ْﻠﻢ َﻋ َﲆ ﻗﻮﻟِ ِﻪ ِﰲ َﻫ َﺬا ا َْﳊ ِﺪﻳ ِﺚ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﻟ ﱢ ْﱰ ِﻣ ِﺬ ّي ‪َ :‬و َﺣ ِﺪﻳﺚ َﻋِ ّﲇ ْﺑ ِﻦ َأ ِﰊ َﻃﺎ ِﻟ ٍﺐ َأ ْﺟ َﻮ ُد إِ ْﺳ َﻨﺎ ًدا‪َ ،‬و َأ َﺻ ﱡﺢ ِﻣ ْﻦ َﺣ ِﺪﻳﺚ َأ ِﰊ َﺳ ِﻌﻴ ٍﺪ‪=.‬‬ ‫‪246‬‬

‫اﻟﻌﺎم‪ ،‬وﻣﻨﻪ ‪\" :‬إ ﱠﻧ َﲈ اﻷَ ْﻋ َﲈ ُل ﺑِﺎﻟ ﱢﻨ ﱠﻴﺎ ِت\")‪ ،(1‬وإ ﱠﻧ َﲈ َذ َﻛ َﺮ اﻟ ﱠﻨﺒِ ﱡﻲ َﺻ ﱠﲆ اﷲُ َﻋ َﻠﻴْ ِﻪ َو َﺳ ﱠﻠ َﻢ َﻣﺎ ﳜﺘ ﱡﺺ ﺑﺎﻟ ﱠﺼ َﻼة‪ ،‬ﻗﻮﻟﻪ‪ :‬أ َﻋﻨﻲ َﻣﺎ ُﻫـ َﻮ‬ ‫أﻋﻢ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﻜﺒﲑ‪ ،‬ﻳ َﻘﺎ ُل ﻋﻠﻴﻪ)‪(2‬ﺑﻞ ُﻫ َﻮ ﳐﺼﻮص ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻜﺒﲑ ﻛ َﲈ ِﰲ ا َْﳊ ِﺪﻳﺚ اﳌﺬﻛﻮر‪ ،‬و ِﰲ اﻟﻨﻴﺔ َﻣﺎ ﺗﻘﺪم ﻗﻮﻟـﻪ ﺑﻤ َﻌﻨـﻰ َأ ﱠﻧـ ُﻪ‬ ‫ﻻ ﻳﻜﺘ ِﻔﻲ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻴﺔ )‪ِ(3‬ﰲ اﻟﺪﺧﻮل ﻓِﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻳ َﻘﺎ ُل ﻋﻠﻴﻪ)‪ (4‬ﻻ دﻻﻟﺔ ِﰲ اﻟﱠ ِﺬي أﺧﱪت ﺑﻪ َﻋﺎﺋِ َﺸ َﺔ َﻋـﻦ)‪َ (5‬ذﻟِـ َﻚ؛ ﻷَ ﱠﻧـﻪ ﻻ ﻳﻠـﺰم ﻣـﻦ‬ ‫اﻓﺘﺘﺎح اﻟ ﱠﺼ َﻼة ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻜﺒﲑ أن َﻳ ُﻜﻮ َن اﻟﺘﻜﺒ ُﲑ رﻛﻨًﺎ ﻣﻦ أر َﻛﺎ ِن اﻟ ﱠﺼ َﻼة ﻻ ﻳﺼﺢ إﻻ ﺑﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ‪ :‬ﻓﺈ ﱠن اﻟﺘﻜﺒ َﲑ ﲢﺮﻳ ٌﻢ ﳐﺼﻮ ٌص واﻟﺪا ﱡل َﻋ َﲆ وﺟﻮ ِد اﻷﺧ ﱢﺺ دا ﱞل َﻋ َﲆ وﺟﻮ ِد اﻷﻋﻢ‪ ،‬وﻋﲔ ﺑﺎﻷﻋﻢ ﻫﻨـﺎ‬ ‫اﳌﻄﻠﻖ‪ ،‬ﳜﺎﻟﻔﻪ)‪َ (6‬ﻣﺎ ﺳﺒﻖ ﻣﻦ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ‪َ :‬ﻣﺎ ُﻫ َﻮ أﻋﻢ ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻳﻘﺘﴤ َأ ﱠﻧ ُﻪ ﻋﻤﻮم ﺷﻤﻮل‪ ،‬و َﻫ َﺬا ﻳﻘﺘﴤ َأ ﱠﻧ ُﻪ ﻋﻤﻮم ﺑـﺪل‪ ،‬وأﻳ ًﻀـﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻼ َﻳ ِﺼ ﱡﺢ أن َﻳ ُﻜﻮ َن َﻫ َﺬا ﻣﻦ ا ُﳌ ْﻄ َﻠ ِﻖ وا ُﳌ َﻘﻴﱢ ِﺪ)‪(7‬؛ ﻷ ﱠن اﻟﺘﱠ ْﺤ ِﺮﻳ َﻢ إن َﻋﻨِ َﻲ ﺑـﻪ َﻣـﺎ ﻳﺸـﻤﻞ اﻟﺘﻜﺒـﲑ واﻟﻨﻴـﺔ َﻛـﺎ َن ﻣـﻦ ﻋﻤـﻮم‬ ‫اﻟﺸﻤﻮل‪ ،‬وإن َﻋﻨﻲ ﺑﻪ اﻟﺘﻜﺒﲑ َﻛﺎ َن َذﻟِ َﻚ دا ًﻻ َﻋ َﲆ ﳾء ﺧﺎص ﻓﻼ إﻃﻼق وﻻ ﺗﻘﻴﻴﺪ‪ ،‬وإﻧ َﲈ ﳚﻲء اﻹﻃـﻼق واﻟﺘﻘﻴﻴـﺪ‬ ‫= َو َﻗﺎ َل ا َﳊﺎ ِﻛﻢ ‪َ \" :‬و َأ ْﺷ ُﻬ ُﺮ إِ ْﺳﻨَﺎ ٍد ﻓِﻴ ِﻪ َﺣ ِﺪﻳﺚ َﻋ ْﺒﺪ ا ِﷲ ْﺑ ِﻦ ُ َﳏ ﱠﻤﺪ ْﺑ ِﻦ َﻋ ِﻘﻴﻞ‪َ ،‬ﻋ ْﻦ ُ َﳏ ﱠﻤﺪ ْﺑ ِﻦ ا َْﳊ َﻨ ِﻔ ﱠﻴ ِﺔ‪َ ،‬ﻋ ْﻦ َﻋِ ﱟﲇ‪َ ،‬واﻟ ﱠﺸـ ْﻴﺨﺎ ِن َﻗـ ْﺪ َأ ْﻋ َﺮ َﺿـﺎ َﻋـ ْﻦ‬ ‫َﺣ ِﺪﻳﺚ ا ْﺑ ِﻦ َﻋ ِﻘﻴﻞ َأ ْﺻ ًﻼ\"‪.‬‬ ‫َو َﻗﺎ َل َأ ُﺑﻮ ﻧﻌﻴﻢ ‪َ :‬ﻫ َﺬا َﺣ ِﺪﻳﺚ ﻣﺸﻬﻮر ﻻ ﻳﻌﺮف إﻻ ﻣﻦ َﺣ ِﺪﻳﺚ َﻋ ْﺒﺪ ا ِﷲ ﺑﻦ ُ َﳏ ﱠﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ َﻋ ِﻘﻴﻞ َﲠ َﺬا اﻟ ﱠﻠ ْﻔﻆ ﻣﻦ َﺣ ِﺪﻳﺚ ﻋﲇ‪.‬‬ ‫وﺣﺴﻨﻪ اﻟ َﺒ َﻐ ِﻮ ّي‪.‬‬ ‫َو َﻗﺎ َل اﺑ ُﻦ اﻟ َﻌ َﺮﰊ ‪\" :‬إﺳﻨﺎد َأ ِﰊ داود أﺻﺢ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺴﻨﺪ اﻟ ﱢ ْﱰ ِﻣ ِﺬ ّي\"‪ ،‬ﻓﻌﻘﺐ ﻣﻐﻠﻄﺎي ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺑﻘﻮﻟﻪ ‪\" :‬وﻻ وﺟﻪ ﳌَﺎ ﻗﺎﻟﻪ؛ ﻷ ﱠن ﻣﺪا َره َﻋ َﲆ اﺑـﻦ‬ ‫َﻋ ِﻘﻴﻞ\"‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ ‪ :‬إﺳﻨﺎده ﺣﺴﻦ‪ ،‬ﰲ أدﻧﻰ ﻣﺮاﺗ ِﺐ اﳊﺴﻦ‪.‬‬ ‫ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪ :‬اﻟ ﱠﻄ َﺒ َﻘﺎ ِت اﻟ َﻜﺒِﲑ‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ ﺳﻌﺪ‪ ،(481/7) ،‬و َﺗﺎ ِرﻳ َﺦ ا ْﺑﻦ َﻣ ِﻌﲔ )رواﻳﺔ اﺑﻦ ﳏﺮز(‪ ،(113 ،72/1) ،‬و َﺗﺎ ِرﻳ َﺦ ا ْﺑﻦ َﻣ ِﻌﲔ )رواﻳـﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺪوري(‪ ،(257 /3) ،‬و ُﺳ َﺆا َﻻ ِت اﺑﻦ َأ ِﰊ ﺷﻴﺒﺔ‪) ،‬ص ‪ ،(88‬وﻣﻌﺮﻓ َﺔ اﻟ ﱢﺜ َﻘﺎت‪ ،‬ﻟﻠﻌﺠﲇ‪ ،(57 /2) ،‬واﳌﺴﺘﺪر َك َﻋ َﲆ اﻟ ﱠﺼـ ِﺤﻴﺤﲔ‪،‬‬ ‫)‪ ،(223 /1‬و ُﺳ َﺆا َﻻ ِت َأ ِﰊ داود‪) ،‬ص ‪ ،(361‬وا َْﳉ ْﺮ َح َواﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﻌـ ِﺪﻳﻞ‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑـ ِﻦ َأ ِﰊ َﺣـﺎﺗِﻢ‪ ،(154 /5) ،‬واﻟ ﱡﻀـ َﻌ َﻔﺎ َء اﻟ َﻜﺒِـﲑ ﻟﻠ ُﻌ ِﻘـ ْﻴِ ّﲇ‪،‬‬ ‫)‪ ،(700/2‬واﳌﺠﺮوﺣﲔ‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ ِﺣ ﱠﺒﺎن‪ ،(3/2) ،‬واﻟﻜﺎﻣ َﻞ ِﰲ اﻟ ﱡﻀـ َﻌ َﻔﺎء‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑـ ِﻦ ﻋـﺪي‪ ،(129 /4) ،‬واﻟ ِﻌ َﻠـ َﻞ‪ ،‬ﻟﻠـ ﱠﺪا َر ُﻗ ْﻄﻨِ ّﻲ‪/1) ،‬‬ ‫‪ ،(129‬و ُﺳ َﺆا َﻻ ِت اﻟ ﱢﺴ ْﺠ ِﺰ ّي ﻟﻠﺤﺎﻛﻢ‪) ،‬ص ‪ ،(103‬واﻟﺘﻤﻬﻴ َﺪ‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ َﻋ ْﺒﺪ اﻟﱪ‪ ،(125 /20) ،‬واﻻﺳﺘﺬﻛﺎر‪ ،(391/15) ،‬وﺣﻠﻴ َﺔ‬ ‫اﻷوﻟﻴﺎء‪َ ،‬ﻷ ِﰊ ﻧﻌﻴﻢ‪ ،(372 /8) ،‬وﴍ َح اﻟ ﱡﺴ ﱠﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻟﻠﺒﻐﻮي‪ ،(17 /3) ،‬وﻋﺎرﺿ َﺔ اﻷﺣﻮذي‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ اﻟ َﻌ َﺮﰊ‪ ،(16 ،15/1) ،‬و َ ْﲥ ِﺬﻳ َﺐ‬ ‫اﻷَ ْﺳ َﲈ ِء َواﻟ ﱡﻠ َﻐﺎ ِت‪ ،‬ﻟﻠ ﱠﻨـ َﻮ ِو ّي‪ ،(287/1) ،‬و َ ْﲥـ ِﺬﻳ َﺐ ا ْﻟ َﻜـ َﲈل‪ ،‬ﻟﻠ ِﻤـ ﱢﺰ ّي‪ ،(78 /16) ،‬واﳌﻐﻨـﻲ ِﰲ اﻟ ﱡﻀـ َﻌ َﻔﺎء‪ ،(564 /1) ،‬وﻣﻴـﺰا َن‬ ‫اﻻﻋﺘﺪال‪ ،(175 /4) ،‬ﻛﻼﳘﺎ ﻟﻠ ﱠﺬ َﻫﺒِ ّﻲ‪ ،‬و َ ْﴍ َح ﺳﻨﻦ اﺑﻦ َﻣﺎﺟﻪ ﳌﻐﻠﻄﺎي‪ ،(31 /1) ،‬و َ ْﲥ ِﺬﻳ َﺐ اﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﻬـ ِﺬﻳﺐ‪ ،(474 /4) ،‬و َﺗ َﻘ ِﺮﻳـ َﺐ‬ ‫اﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﻬ ِﺬﻳﺐ‪ ،(3592) ،‬ﻛﻼﳘﺎ ﻻﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪َ (1‬ﺻ ِﺤﻴ ُﺢ اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨﺎ ِر ّي ‪ (1) ،(3/1) :‬ﻛِ َﺘﺎ ُب َﺑ ْﺪ ِء ا ْﻟ َﻮ ْﺣ ِﻲ‪َ (1) ،‬ﺑﺎ ُب َﻛ ْﻴ َﻒ َﻛﺎ َن َﺑ ْﺪ ُء ا ْﻟ َﻮ ْﺣ ِﻲ إِ َﱃ َر ُﺳﻮ ِل اﷲِ َﺻ ﱠﲆ ا ُﷲ َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴ ِﻪ َو َﺳـ ﱠﻠ َﻢ‪،‬‬ ‫َو َﻗ ْﻮ ُلا ِﷲ َﺟ ﱠﻞ ِذ ْﻛ ُﺮ ُه ‪،(1)،,+*)( '& % $ # \"! :‬وا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮرﻗـﻢ‪،3898 ،2529،54):‬‬ ‫‪َ (6953 ،6689 ،5070‬ﺻ ِﺤﻴ ُﺢ ُﻣ ْﺴﻠِﻢ ‪) :‬ص‪ (33) ،(792‬ﻛِ َﺘﺎ ُب ا ْ ِﻹ َﻣﺎ َر ِة‪َ (45) ،‬ﺑﺎ ُب َﻗﻮﻟﻪ َﺻ ﱠﲆ اﷲُ َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴ ِﻪ َو َﺳـ ﱠﻠ َﻢ ‪\" :‬إِ ﱠﻧـ َﲈ‬ ‫ا ْﻷَ ْﻋ َﲈ ُل ﺑِﺎﻟﻨﱢ ﱠﻴ ِﺔ\"‪َ ،‬و َأ ﱠﻧ ُﻪ َﻳ ْﺪ ُﺧ ُﻞ ﻓِﻴ ِﻪ ا ْﻟ َﻐ ْﺰ ُو َو َﻏ ْ ُﲑ ُه ِﻣ َﻦ ا ْﻷَ ْﻋ َﲈ ِل‪ ،(1907 /155) ،‬ﻛﻼﳘﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻃﺮﻳ ِﻖ ُ َﳏ ﱠﻤﺪ ْﺑ ِﻦ إِ ْﺑ َﺮا ِﻫﻴ َﻢ اﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﻴ ِﻤ ﱢﻲ‪ ،‬ﻋـﻦ‬ ‫َﻋ ْﻠ َﻘ َﻤ َﺔ ْﺑ ِﻦ َو ﱠﻗﺎ ٍص اﻟ ﱠﻠ ْﻴﺜِ ﱠﻲ‪ ،‬ﻋﻦ ُﻋ َﻤ َﺮ ْﺑ َﻦ ا َﳋ ﱠﻄﺎ ِب‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (2‬ﻛﺮرت ﻛﻠﻤﺔ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﺮة أﺧﺮى َﻋ َﲆ َﻳ َﺴﺎ ِر اﻟ ﱠﺼ ْﻔ َﺤ ِﺔ ِﰲ ا َﳊﺎ ِﺷ َﻴ ِﺔ ِﰲ )أ(‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (3‬ﻛﺮرت ﻛﻠﻤﺔ \" ِﰲ\" ﻣﺮﺗﲔ َﻋ َﲆ َﻳ َﺴﺎ ِر اﻟ ﱠﺼ ْﻔ َﺤ ِﺔ ِﰲ ا َﳊﺎ ِﺷ َﻴ ِﺔ ِﰲ )أ(‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (4‬ﻋﺒﺎرة \"ﻳ َﻘﺎل ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺑﻞ ُﻫ َﻮ ﳐﺼﻮص ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻜﺒﲑ‪ ...‬ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻴﺔ ِﰲ اﻟﺪﺧﻮل ﻓِﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻳ َﻘﺎل\" أﳊﻘﺖ َﻋ َﲆ َﻳ َﺴﺎ ِر اﻟ ﱠﺼ ْﻔ َﺤ ِﺔ ِﰲ ا َﳊﺎ ِﺷ َﻴ ِﺔ ِﰲ )أ(‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ِ (5‬ﰲ )ب( \"ﻋﲆ\"‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ِ (6‬ﰲ )ب( \"ﳚﻌﺎﻟﻪ\" ﺧﻄﺄ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ِ (7‬ﰲ )أ( \"اﻟﻘﻴﺪ\" ﺧﻄﺄ‪.‬‬ ‫‪247‬‬

‫ِﰲ ﻧﺤﻮ ‪) DCB‬اﻟﻨﺴﺎء ‪ ،(92 :‬ﻓﻜ ﱡﻞ ُﻣ ْﺆ ِﻣﻨَ ٍﺔ َر َﻗﺒﺔ وﻟـﻴﺲ ﻛـﻞ رﻗﺒـﺔ ﻣﺆﻣﻨـﺔ‪ ،‬واﻟﻨﻴـﺔ واﻟﺘﻜﺒـﲑ أﻣـﺮان‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻐﺎﻳﺮان‪.‬‬ ‫َو ِﻣ ْﻦ َذﻟِ َﻚ َﻣﺎ َﻛ َﺘﺒَ ُﻪ َﻋ َﲆ ﻗﻮ ِﻟ ِﻪ ‪َ \" :‬واﻟ ﱠﺼ َﻮا ُب واﷲُ َأ ْﻋ َﻠﻢ اﺳﺘﺤﺒﺎ ُب اﻟ ﱠﺮ ْﻓ ِﻊ ِﻋ ْﻨﺪ اﻟﻘﻴﺎ ِم ِﻣ َﻦ اﻟـ ﱠﺮ ْﻛ َﻌﺘَ ِﲔ)‪ (1‬ﻟﺜﺒـﻮت‬ ‫ا َْﳊ ِﺪﻳﺚ ﻓِﻴﻪ)‪ ،(2‬وإ ﱠﻧ َﲈ ﻛﻮﻧﻪ َﻣ ْﺬ َﻫﺐ اﻟ ﱠﺸﺎﻓِ ِﻌ ّﻲ َأ ﱠﻧ ُﻪ َﻗﺎ َل ‪ :‬إذا َﺻ ﱠﺢ ا َْﳊ ِﺪﻳﺚ ﻓ ُﻬ َﻮ َﻣ ْﺬ َﻫﺒﻲ)‪َ ،(3‬أ ْو َﻣﺎ َﻫ َﺬا َأ ْو َﻣﺎ َﻫـ َﺬا)‪ ،(4‬ﻣ َﻌﻨـﺎه‬ ‫ﻣ َﻌﻨﺎه ﻓ ِﻔﻲ َذ ِﻟ َﻚ ﻧﻈﺮ\")‪.(7)(6)(5‬‬ ‫)‪ (1‬أي ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﺘﺸﻬﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (2‬وﻫﻮ ا َْﳊ ِﺪﻳ ُﺚ اﻟﺬي َر َوا ُه اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨﺎ ِر ّي ﻣﻦ ﻃﺮﻳ ِﻖ ُﻋ َﺒ ْﻴ ِﺪ اﷲ‪َ ،‬ﻋ ْﻦ َﻧﺎﻓِ ٍﻊ‪َ ،‬أ ﱠن ا ْﺑ َﻦ ُﻋ َﻤ َﺮ‪َ ،‬ﻛﺎ َن \"إِ َذا َد َﺧ َﻞ ِﰲ اﻟ ﱠﺼـ َﻼة َﻛـ ﱠ َﱪ َو َر َﻓـ َﻊ َﻳ َﺪ ْﻳـ ِﻪ‪َ ،‬وإِ َذا‬ ‫َر َﻛ َﻊ َر َﻓ َﻊ َﻳ َﺪ ْﻳ ِﻪ‪َ ،‬وإِ َذا َﻗﺎ َل ‪َ :‬ﺳ ِﻤ َﻊ ا ُﷲ ﳌَِ ْﻦ َﲪِ َﺪ ُه‪َ ،‬ر َﻓ َﻊ َﻳ َﺪ ْﻳ ِﻪ‪َ ،‬وإِ َذا َﻗﺎ َم ِﻣ َﻦ اﻟ ﱠﺮ ْﻛ َﻌ َﺘ ْ ِﲔ َر َﻓ َﻊ َﻳ َﺪ ْﻳ ِﻪ\"‪َ ،‬و َر َﻓ َﻊ َذ ِﻟ َﻚ ا ْﺑ ُﻦ ُﻋ َﻤ َﺮ إِ َﱃ َﻧﺒِـ ﱢﻲ ا ِﷲ َﺻـ ﱠﲆ‬ ‫اﷲُ َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴ ِﻪ َو َﺳ ﱠﻠ َﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫َﺻ ِﺤﻴ ُﺢ اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨﺎ ِر ّي ‪ِ (10) ،(151/1) :‬ﻛ َﺘﺎ ُب اﻷَ َذا ِن‪َ (86) ،‬ﺑﺎ ُب َر ْﻓ ِﻊ اﻟ َﻴ َﺪ ْﻳ ِﻦ إِ َذا َﻗﺎ َم ِﻣ َﻦ اﻟ ﱠﺮ ْﻛ َﻌ َﺘ ْ ِﲔ‪.(739) ،‬‬ ‫َو َﻗﺎ َل اﻟ ﱠﺪا َر ُﻗ ْﻄﻨِ ﱡﻲ ِﰲ اﻟ ِﻌ َﻠﻞ‪َ : (14/13) ،‬أ ﱠﻧ ُﻪ اﻷﺷﺒﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﺼﻮاب‪.‬‬ ‫َو َﻗﺎ َل َأ ُﺑﻮ َدا ُو َد‪ِ ،‬ﰲ ﺳﻨﻨﻪ ﻛﻼ ًﻣﺎ ﳐﺎﻟ ًﻔﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ َﻣﺎ َر َوا ُه ﻫﻜﺬا ِﰲ اﻟﺴﻨﻦ‪ ،‬رﻗﻢ ‪ : (741) :‬اﻟ ﱠﺼ ِﺤﻴﺢ َﻗ ْﻮ ُل ا ْﺑ ِﻦ ُﻋ َﻤ َﺮ‪َ ،‬ﻟـ ْﻴ َﺲ ﺑِ َﻤ ْﺮ ُﻓـﻮ ٍع‪َ ،‬و َر َوى‬ ‫َﺑ ِﻘ ﱠﻴ ُﺔ َأ ﱠوﻟﻪ َﻋ ْﻦ ُﻋ َﺒ ْﻴ ِﺪ اﷲِ َو َأ ْﺳﻨَ َﺪ ُه َو َر َوا ُه اﻟ ﱠﺜ َﻘ ِﻔ ﱡﻲ‪َ ،‬ﻋ ْﻦ ُﻋ َﺒ ْﻴ ِﺪ اﷲِ‪َ ،‬و َأ ْو َﻗ َﻔ ُﻪ َﻋ َﲆ ا ْﺑ ِﻦ ُﻋ َﻤ َﺮ‪َ ،‬ﻗﺎ َل ﻓِﻴ ِﻪ ‪َ \" :‬وإِ َذا َﻗـﺎ َم ِﻣـ َﻦ اﻟـ ﱠﺮ ْﻛ َﻌ َﺘ ْ ِﲔ َﻳـ ْﺮ َﻓ ُﻌ ُﻬ َﲈ إِ َﱃ‬ ‫َﺛ ْﺪ َﻳ ْﻴ ِﻪ\" َو َﻫ َﺬا ُﻫ َﻮ اﻟ ﱠﺼ ِﺤﻴﺢ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪َ (3‬ﻗﺎ َل اﻟﻨﱠ َﻮ ِو ّي ‪ :‬وروي َﻋﻨﻪ إذا َﺻ ﱠﺢ ا َْﳊ ِﺪﻳ ُﺚ ِﺧ َﻼف ﻗﻮﱃ ﻓﺎﻋﻤﻠﻮا ﺑﺎ َْﳊ ِﺪﻳﺚ واﺗﺮﻛﻮا ﻗﻮﱃ‪َ ،‬أ ْو َﻗﺎ َل ﻓ ُﻬ َﻮ َﻣ ْﺬ َﻫﺒﻲ‪ ،‬وروى َﻫ َﺬا اﳌﻌﻨـﻰ‬ ‫ﺑﺄﻟﻔﺎظ ﳐﺘﻠﻔﺔ‪ ،‬وﺳﺒﻘﻪ ِﰲ َذﻟِ َﻚ اﺑﻦ ِﺣ ﱠﺒﺎن‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ روى َذ ِﻟ َﻚ ﺑﺈﺳﻨﺎده إِ َﱃ ا ُﳌ َﺰ ِ ّﲏ‪ ،‬وﻟﻜﻦ ﺑﻠﻔﻆ ‪ :‬ﻓﺨﺬوا ﺑﻪ ودﻋﻮا ﻗﻮﱄ‪ ،‬وﻛﺬا اﺑﻦ ﺣﺰم‪،‬‬ ‫ﻧﻘﻞ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻠﻔﻆ ‪ :‬ﻓ ُﻬ َﻮ دﻳﻨﻲ وﻗﻮﱄ‪.‬‬ ‫وروى اﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ َﻋﻦ اﻟ ﱠﺸﺎﻓِ ِﻌ ّﻲ ﺑﺈﺳﻨﺎده َأ ﱠﻧ ُﻪ َﻗﺎ َل ‪ :‬إذا وﺟﺪﺗﻢ ِﰲ ﻛِ َﺘﺎﰊ ِﺧ َﻼ َف ُﺳﻨﱠ ِﺔ َر ُﺳﻮ ِل اﷲِ َﺻ ﱠﲆ اﷲُ َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴ ِﻪ َو َﺳ ﱠﻠ َﻢ ﻓﻘﻮﻟﻮا ﺑ ُﺴﻨﱠ ِﺔ رﺳﻮ ِل‬ ‫ا ِﷲ َﺻ ﱠﲆ اﷲُ َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴ ِﻪ َو َﺳ ﱠﻠ َﻢ ودﻋﻮا َﻣﺎ ﻗﻠﺖ‪ ،‬وروى َﻋﻨﻪ أﻳ ًﻀﺎ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ‪ :‬ﻣﺘﻰ روﻳﺖ َﻋﻦ رﺳﻮ ِل اﷲ َﺻ ﱠﲆ ا ُﷲ َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴ ِﻪ َو َﺳـ ﱠﻠ َﻢ َﺣـ ِﺪﻳ ًﺜﺎ َﺻـ ِﺤﻴ ًﺤﺎ‬ ‫وﱂ آﺧﺬ ﺑﻪ واﳉ َﲈﻋﺔ ﻓﺄﺷﻬﺪﻛﻢ أن ﻋﻘﲇ ﻗﺪ ذﻫﺐ‪ ،‬وأﺷﺎر ﺑﻴﺪه إِ َﱃ رءوﺳﻬﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫وﻗﺪ َأ ﱠﻟ َﻒ اﻹ َﻣﺎ ُم اﻟ ﱡﺴ ْﺒ ِﻜ ّﻲ ﻛِ َﺘﺎﺑﺎ ﺳ ﱠﲈه ‪ :‬ﻣ َﻌﻨﻰ ﻗﻮل اﻹ َﻣﺎم اﳌﻄﻠﺒﻲ ‪ :‬إذا َﺻ ﱠﺢ ا َْﳊ ِﺪﻳ ُﺚ ﻓ ُﻬ َﻮ َﻣ ْﺬ َﻫﺒﻲ‪ ،‬ﺟﺎ َء ﻫﺬا اﻟﻜِ َﺘﺎ ُب ﺟﻮا ًﺑﺎ َﻋ َﲆ ﺳﺆال‬ ‫اﺑﻨﻪ ﺗﺎج اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳﻦ‪ ،‬وﻋﺮض أﻟﻔﺎ ًﻇﺎ أﺧﺮى ﳍﺬه اﻟﻌﺒﺎرة‪ ،‬وﺗﻨﺎول ﻓﻴﻪ ﻫﺬه اﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ‪) ،‬ص‪.(103‬‬ ‫وﺻﺤ َﺢ ا َْﳊﺎﻓِ ُﻆ اﻟ ِﻌ َﺮا ِﻗ ّﻲ َﻫ َﺬا اﻟ َﻘ ْﻮ َل َﻋﻦ َأ ِﰊ ﺣﻨﻴﻔﺔ‪ ،‬وﻧﻘﻠﻪ اﺑ ُﻦ َﻋ ْﺒﺪ اﻟ ﱢﱪ َﻋﻦ ا َﻷ ِﺋ ﱠﻤﺔ اﻷرﺑﻌﺔ ﲨﻴﻌﻬﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪َ :‬ﺻ ِﺤﻴ َﺢ اﺑﻦ ِﺣ ﱠﺒﺎن‪ ،(497 /5) ،‬ورﺳﺎﺋ َﻞ اﺑﻦ ﺣﺰم‪ ،(168/3) ،‬وﻣﻌﺮﻓ َﺔ اﻟﺴﻨﻦ واﻵﺛﺎر ﻟﻠﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ ‪ ،(217 /1) :‬واﳌَ ْﺠ ُﻤﻮ َع‬ ‫َ ْﴍح ا ُﳌ َﻬ ﱠﺬب‪ ،‬ﻟﻠﻨﱠ َﻮ ِو ّي‪ ،(63 /1) ،‬واﳌﺴﺘﺨﺮ َج َﻋ َﲆ اﳌﺴﺘﺪرك‪ ،‬ﻟﻠﻌﺮاﻗﻲ‪) ،‬ص‪.(15‬‬ ‫)‪ (4‬ﻫﻲ ﻫﻜﺬا ﻣﻜﺮرة ﰲ اﳌﺨﻄﻮط‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (5‬إِ ْﺣ َﻜﺎ ُم ا ْ َﻷ ْﺣ َﻜﺎم َ ْﴍح ُﻋ ْﻤ َﺪة اﻷَ ْﺣ َﻜﺎ ِم‪.(221/1) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ (6‬وﳑﻦ َﻗﺎ َل ﺑﺮﻓ ِﻊ اﻟﻴﺪﻳﻦ ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﻘﻴﺎم ﻣﻦ اﻟﺮﻛﻌﺘﲔ اﺑ ُﻦ ُﺧ َﺰ ْﻳ ِﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ َﻗﺎ َل ‪ُ :‬ﻫ َﻮ ُﺳ ﱠﻨﺔ‪ ،‬وإن ﱂ ﻳﺬﻛﺮه اﻟ ﱠﺸﺎﻓِ ِﻌ ّﻲ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻹﺳﻨﺎد َﺻ ِﺤﻴﺢ‪ ،‬وﻗﺪ‬ ‫وﻗﺪ َﻗﺎ َل ‪ :‬ﻗﻮﻟﻮا ﺑﺎﻟ ﱡﺴﻨﱠﺔ ودﻋﻮا ﻗﻮﱄ‪.‬‬ ‫َو َﻗﺎ َل ا َﳋ ﱠﻄﺎ ِ ﱡﰊ ‪ :‬وﻗﺪ ﻗﺎل ﺑﻪ ﲨﺎﻋ ٌﺔ ﻣﻦ أﻫ ِﻞ اﳊﺪﻳ ِﺚ‪ ،‬وﱂ ﻳﺬﻛﺮه اﻟ ﱠﺸﺎﻓِ ِﻌ ﱡﻲ واﻟﻘﻮ ُل ﺑﻪ ﻻزم َﻋ َﲆ أﺻﻠﻪ ِﰲ ﻗ َﺒ ْﻮ ِل اﻟﺰﻳﺎدات‪.‬‬ ‫اﻃﻠـﻊ‬ ‫َأ ﱠﻧـ ُﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﺮف‬ ‫إذا‬ ‫أ َﻣﺎ‬ ‫اﻟ ﱠﺸﺎﻓِ ِﻌ ﱡﻲ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫َﻳ ﱠﻄ ِﻠ ْﻊ‬ ‫)‪.(223/2‬‬ ‫)‪ ،(194/1‬و َﻓ ْﺘ َﺢ اﻟ َﺒﺎ ِر ّي‪ ،‬ﻻﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ‪،‬‬ ‫اﻧﻈﺮ ‪ :‬ﻣﻌﺎﱂَ اﻟﺴﻨﻦ‪ ،‬ﻟﻠﺨﻄﺎﰊ‪،‬‬ ‫أ ﱠن ا َْﳊ ِﺪﻳ َﺚ ﱂ‬ ‫أن ﳏﻞ اﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﲠﺬه اﻟ َﻮ ِﺻ ﱠﻴﺔ َﻣﺎ إذا ﻋﺮف‬ ‫)‪َ (7‬ﻗﺎ َل اﺑ ُﻦ َﺣ َﺠﺮ ‪ :‬ووﺟﻪ اﻟﻨﻈﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ورده َأ ْو ﺗﺄ ﱠو َﻟ ُﻪ ﺑﻮﺟﻪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻮﺟﻮه‪ ،‬ﻓﻼ‪ ،‬واﻷﻣﺮ ﻫﻨﺎ ﳏﺘﻤﻞ‪.‬‬ ‫َﻓ ْﺘﺢ اﻟ َﺒﺎ ِر ّي‪.(223/2) ،‬‬ ‫‪248‬‬

‫َﻗﺎ َل َﺷ ْﻴ ُﺨﻨَﺎ َر ِ َﴈ ا ُﷲ َﻋﻨْ ُﻪ ‪َ :‬ﻫ َﺬا ا ﱠﻟ ِﺬي َﻗﺎ َل اﻟ ﱠﺸ ْﻴ ُﺦ ﻓِﻴﻪ إ ﱠﻧ ُﻪ اﻟﺼﻮاب ُﻫـ َﻮ وﺟـ ٌﻪ ُﺣﻜِـ َﻲ ‪/46‬أ َﻋـ ِﻦ اﺑـ ِﻦ‬ ‫ا ُﳌﻨْ ِﺬ ِر)‪ (1‬وأﰊ َﻋِ ّﲇ اﻟ ﱠﻄ َ ِﱪ ّي)‪َ ،(2‬و َﻗﺎ َل ﺑﻌ ُﺾ اﳌﺘﺄﺧﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻦ َأ ْﺻ َﺤﺎ ِب اﻟ ﱠﺸﺎﻓِ ِﻌ ﱢﻲ ‪ :‬إ ﱠﻧ ُﻪ اﻟ َﺼ ِﺤﻴ ُﺢ َأ ْو اﻟ ﱠﺼ َﻮا ُب‪ ،‬وﻧـﺺ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ اﻟ ﱠﺸﺎﻓِ ِﻌ ّﻲ)‪ ،(3‬ﻓﺤﻴﻨﺌ ٍﺬ ﻳﻨﺪﻓ ُﻊ َﻣﺎ َﻗﺎ َﻟﻪ اﻟ ﱠﺸ ْﻴ ُﺦ ﻳ َﻌﻨﻲ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﻈ ِﺮ ِﰲ ﻧﺴﺒﺘِ ِﻪ إِ َﱃ اﻟ ﱠﺸﺎﻓِ ِﻌ ّﻲ‪.‬‬ ‫وﻛﺘ َﺐ أﻳ ًﻀﺎ ِﰲ َﻫ َﺬا اﳌﻜﺎن ‪َ :‬ذ َﻛ َﺮ اﻟ ﱠﺸﺎ ِرح َر ِ َﲪ ُﻪ ا ُﷲ َﻋﻦ َأ ْﺻ َﺤﺎ ِب اﻟ ﱠﺸﺎﻓِ ِﻌ ﱢﻲ ﺛﻼﺛ َﺔ أوﺟﻪ ﻳ َﻌﻨﻲ ِﰲ اﺑﺘﺪاء‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻜﺒﲑ)‪ ،(4‬وﱂ ﻳﺬﻛ ْﺮ اﻷَ َﺻ ﱠﺢ ِﻋﻨْﺪ اﻟ ﱠﺸﺎﻓِ ِﻌ ّﻴ ِﺔ ا ﱠﻟ ِﺬي ﻧ ﱠﺺ ﻋﻠﻴـﻪ اﻟ ﱠﺸـﺎﻓِ ِﻌ ﱡﻲ َر ِ َﴈ اﷲُ َﻋ ْﻨـ ُﻪ‪ ،‬واﻷَ َﺻـﺢ اﳌﻨﺼـﻮص ِﰲ‬ ‫\"اﻷُ ﱢم\" َأ ﱠﻧ ُﻪ ﻳﺮﻓ ُﻊ ﻳﺪﻳﻪ ﻣﻊ اﺑﺘﺪا ِء اﻟﺘﻜﺒ ِﲑ وﻳﻨﻬﻲ رﻓﻌﻬ َﲈ ﻣﻊ اﻧﺘﻬﺎ َء اﻟﺘﻜﺒﲑ‪َ ،‬ﻗﺎ َل ِﰲ اﻷُ ﱢم ‪َ :‬ﻳ ْﺮ َﻓ ُﻊ َﻣ َﻊ ا ْﻓﺘِ َﺘﺎ ِح اﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﻜﺒِ ِﲑ‪،‬‬ ‫َو َﻳ ُﺮ ﱡد َﻳ َﺪ ْﻳ ِﻪ َﻋﻦ اﻟ ﱠﺮ ْﻓ ِﻊ َﻣ َﻊ ا ْﻧ ِﻘ َﻀﺎﺋِ ِﻪ‪ ،‬وﻳﺜﺒﺖ ﻳﺪﻳﻪ ﻣﺮﻓﻮﻋﺘﲔ ﺣﲔ ﻳﻔﺮ ُغ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﻜﺒـ ِﲑ ﻛﻠـﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓـﺈن أﺛﺒـﺖ ﻳﺪﻳـﻪ ﺑﻌـﺪ‬ ‫اﻧ َﻘ َﻀﺎ ِء اﻟﺘﻜﺒ ِﲑ ﻣﺮﻓﻮﻋﺘﲔ ﻗﻠﻴ ًﻼ ﱂ ﻳﴬه وﻻ أﻣﺮه )‪(6)(5‬ﺑﻪ ‪.‬‬ ‫َو ِﻣ ْﻦ َذﻟِ َﻚ َﻣﺎ َﻛ َﺘ َﺒ ُﻪ َﻋ َﲆ ﻗﻮ ِل اﻟ ﱠﺸ ْﻴ ِﺦ َﺗ ِﻘ ﱢﻲ اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳ ِﻦ ِﰲ ﺑﺎ ِب اﳌﺮو ِر ﺑﲔ ﻳﺪي اﳌﺼﲇ)‪ : (7‬أﺑﻮ)‪ (8‬ﺟﻬﻴﻢ َﻋ ْﺒـﺪ اﷲ‬ ‫اﺑﻦ ﺟﻬﻴﻢ اﻷَﻧﺼﺎري ﺳ ﱠﲈه اﺑﻦ ُﻋ َﻴ ْﻴﻨَﺔ ِﰲ رواﻳﺘﻪ‪ ،‬واﻟﺜﻮري)‪.(9‬‬ ‫)‪ (1‬اﻹﴍا ُف َﻋ َﲆ ﻣﺬاﻫﺐ اﻟ ُﻌ َﻠ َﲈء‪.(39/2) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ُ (2‬ﻫ َﻮ ا َﳊ َﺴﻦ وﻗﻴﻞ ا ُﳊ َﺴ ْﲔ ﺑﻦ اﻟ َﻘﺎ ِﺳﻢ‪ ،‬ﺻﻨﻒ ﻛِ َﺘﺎب ا ُﳌ َﺤ ﱠﺮر و ُﻫﻮ أول ﻛِ َﺘﺎب ﺻﻨﻒ ِﰲ ا ِﳋ َﻼف اﳌﺠﺮد‪ُ ،‬ﺗ ُﻮ ﱢ َﰲ َﺳﻨَﺔ ‪530‬ﻫـ‬ ‫ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ َﺗ ْﺮ َ َﲨﺘﻪ ِﰲ ‪َ :‬ﺗﺎ ِرﻳ ِﺦ َﺑ ْﻐ َﺪاد‪ ،(87 /8) ،‬و َﻃ َﺒ َﻘﺎ ِت اﻟ ﱠﺸﺎﻓِ ِﻌ ّﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ اﻟﺼﻼح‪ ،(466 /1) ،‬و َﻃ َﺒ َﻘﺎ ِت اﻟ ﱠﺸﺎﻓِ ِﻌ ّﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ َﻗﺎ ِﴈ ُﺷ ْﻬ َﺒﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫)‪.(127 /1‬‬ ‫)‪ (3‬ﻗﺎﺋﻞ َﻫ َﺬا ﻣﻦ اﳌﺘﺄﺧﺮﻳﻦ ﺑﻨ ﱢﺺ اﻟﻌﺒﺎرة ‪ :‬اﻹ َﻣﺎ ُم اﻟﻨﱠ َﻮ ِو ّي‪ ،‬وﻋﻘ َﺐ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ اﺑ ُﻦ َﺣ َﺠﺮ ﺑﻘﻮﻟﻪ ‪َ :‬ﻟ ِﻜﻦ اﻟﺬي رأﻳﺖ ِﰲ \"اﻷم\" ِﺧـ َﻼف َذ ِﻟـ َﻚ‪،‬‬ ‫َﻓ َﻘﺎ َل ِﰲ ﺑﺎب رﻓﻊ اﻟﻴﺪﻳﻦ ِﰲ اﻟﺘﻜﺒﲑ ِﰲ اﻟ ﱠﺼ َﻼة ﺑﻌﺪ أن أورد َﺣ ِﺪﻳﺚ اﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ِﻣ ْﻦ َﻃ ِﺮﻳ ِﻖ ﺳﺎﱂ‪ ،‬وﺗﻜﻠﻢ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ‪ :‬وﻻ ﻧﺄﻣﺮه أن ﻳﺮﻓﻊ ﻳﺪﻳﻪ‬ ‫ِﰲ ﳾء ﻣﻦ اﻟﺬﻛﺮ ِﰲ اﻟ ﱠﺼ َﻼة اﻟﺘﻲ ﳍﺎ رﻛﻮع وﺳﺠﻮد إﻻ ِﰲ ﻫﺬه اﳌﻮاﺿﻊ اﻟﺜﻼﺛﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪ :‬اﻷ ﱠم‪ ،‬ﻟﻠ ﱠﺸﺎﻓِ ِﻌ ّﻲ‪ ،(238/2) ،‬و َر ْو َﺿ َﺔ اﻟ ﱠﻄﺎﻟِﺒﲔ‪ ،‬ﻟﻠ ﱠﻨ َﻮ ِو ّي‪ ،(372/1) ،‬و َﻓ ْﺘ َﺢ اﻟ َﺒﺎ ِر ّي‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ َﺣ َﺠﺮ‪.(223/2) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ (4‬إِ ْﺣ َﻜﺎم ا ْ َﻷ ْﺣ َﻜﺎم َ ْﴍح ُﻋ ْﻤ َﺪة اﻷَ ْﺣ َﻜﺎ ِم‪.(39/2) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ِ (5‬ﰲ )ب( \"ﺑ َﺬﻟِ َﻚ\"‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (6‬ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪ :‬اﻷم‪.(238/2) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ (7‬و َﺣ ِﺪﻳ ُﺚ اﳌﺮور ﻫﻮ ‪َ \" :‬ﻟ ْﻮ َﻳ ْﻌ َﻠ ُﻢ ا َْﳌﺎ ﱡر َﺑ ْ َﲔ َﻳ َﺪ ِي ا ُﳌ َﺼ ﱢﲇ َﻣﺎ َذا َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴ ِﻪ‪َ ،‬ﻟ َﻜﺎ َن َأ ْن َﻳ ِﻘ َﻒ َأ ْر َﺑ ِﻌ َﲔ‪َ ،‬ﺧ ْ ًﲑا َﻟ ُﻪ ِﻣ ْﻦ َأ ْن َﻳ ُﻤ ﱠﺮ َﺑ ْ َﲔ َﻳ َﺪ ْﻳ ِﻪ\"‪.‬‬ ‫َﺻـ ِﺤﻴ ُﺢ اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨـﺎ ِر ّي ‪ِ (8) ،(109/1) :‬ﻛ َﺘـﺎب اﻟ ﱠﺼـ َﻼة‪َ (101) ،‬ﺑـﺎ ُب إِ ْﺛـ ِﻢ ا َْﳌـﺎ ﱢر َﺑـ ْ َﲔ َﻳـ َﺪ ِي ا ُْﳌ َﺼـ ﱢﲇ‪َ ،(510) ،‬ﺻـ ِﺤﻴ ُﺢ ُﻣ ْﺴـ ِﻠﻢ ‪:‬‬ ‫)ص‪ (4) ،(207‬ﻛِ َﺘﺎ ُب اﻟ ﱠﺼ َﻼة‪َ ،(48) ،‬ﺑﺎ ُب َﻣﻨْ ِﻊ اﳌَْﺎ ﱢر َﺑ ْ َﲔ َﻳ َﺪ ِى اﳌُْ َﺼ ﱢﲆ‪ ،(507 /261) ،‬ﻛﻼﳘﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ُﺑ ْ ِﴪ ْﺑـ ِﻦ َﺳـ ِﻌﻴ ٍﺪ‪ ،‬ﻋـﻦ‬ ‫َز ْﻳ ِﺪ ْﺑ َﻦ َﺧﺎﻟِ ٍﺪ ا ُْﳉ َﻬﻨِ ﱠﻲ‪ ،‬ﻋﻦ َأ ِﰊ ُﺟ َﻬ ْﻴ ٍﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ِ (8‬ﰲ )أ( \"أﺑﻮا\" ﺧﻄﺄ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (9‬ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪ :‬إِ ْﺣ َﻜﺎ َم ا ْﻷَ ْﺣ َﻜﺎم َ ْﴍح ُﻋ ْﻤ َﺪة ا َﻷ ْﺣ َﻜﺎ ِم‪.(39/2) ،‬‬ ‫‪249‬‬

‫َﻗﺎ َل َﺷ ْﻴ ُﺨﻨَﺎ ‪ :‬أﺧﺬه ﻣﻦ ﻛﻼ ِم اﺑ ِﻦ َﻋ ْﺒ ِﺪ اﻟ َ ﱢﱪ)‪َ ،(1‬ﻟ ِﻜﻦ اﺑ َﻦ َﻋﺒْ ِﺪ اﻟ َ ﱢﱪ ﺟﻌ َﻞ أﺑﺎ ﺟﻬﻴﻢ ﺑﻦ اﳊـﺎرث ﺑـﻦ اﻟﺼـﻤﺔ)‪(2‬‬ ‫َﻏ ْﲑ َﻋ ْﺒﺪ اﷲ ﺑﻦ ُﺟ َﻬﻴﻢ)‪ ،(3‬وﻣﻦ ﺟﻌﻠﻬ َﲈ َوا ِﺣ ًﺪا)‪ (4‬ﻻ ﻳﻘﻮل أﺑﻮ)‪ (5‬ا ُﳉ َﻬﻴﻢ َﻋﺒْﺪ اﷲ ﺑﻦ ُﺟ َﻬﻴﻢ‪ ،‬ﺑﻞ ﻳﻘﻮل أﺑﻮ اﳉﻬـﻴﻢ)‪ (6‬ﺑـﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ اﳊﺎرث )‪(7‬ﺑﻦ اﻟ ﱢﺼ ﱠﻤ ِﺔ‪ ،‬وﺻﺎﺣﺐ اﻟ ُﻌ ْﻤ َﺪة ﻗﺪ َﻗﺎ َل ‪َ :‬ﻋﻦ َأ ِﰊ ُﺟ َﻬﻴْ ِﻢ ْﺑ ِﻦ ا َْﳊﺎ ِر ِث ْﺑ ِﻦ)‪(8‬اﻟ ﱢﺼ ﱠﻤ ِﺔ)‪ ،(9‬وﻟﻴﺲ اﻷﻣﺮ ﻛ َﲈ َﻗـﺎ َل‬ ‫َﻗﺎ َل َﺻﺎ ِﺣ ُﺐ اﻟ ُﻌ ْﻤ َﺪة‪ ،‬وﻟﻴﺲ ﻛ َﲈ َﻗﺎ َل اﻟﺸﺎر ُح‪ ،‬ﺑﻞ َﻫ َﺬا )‪(10‬أﺑﻮ ُﺟ َﻬﻴﻢ َﻋ ْﺒ ُﺪ ا ِﷲ ﺑﻦ ُﺟ َﻬﻴﻢ‪ ،‬وﻟﻴﺲ ﺑﺎﺑ ِﻦ ا َﳊﺎ ِر ِث)‪.(11‬‬ ‫َو ِﻣ ْﻦ َذﻟِ َﻚ َﻣﺎ َﻛ َﺘ َﺒ ُﻪ َﻋ َﲆ ﻗﻮ ِل اﻟ ﱠﺸ ْﻴ ِﺦ َﺗ ِﻘ ﱢﻲ اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳﻦ ‪\" :‬إﻧﻪ ﻗﻴﻞ ﲡ ُﺐ ‪ -‬ﻳ َﻌﻨﻲ اﻟ ﱠﺼـ َﻼ ُة َﻋـ َﲆ اﻟﻨﱠﺒِـ ﱢﻲ َﺻـ ﱠﲆ ا ُﷲ‬ ‫َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴ ِﻪ َو َﺳ ﱠﻠ َﻢ ‪ِ -‬ﰲ ﻛﻞ َﺻ َﻼة ِﰲ اﻟﺘﺸﻬﺪ اﻷﺧﲑ‪(12) ،‬وﻫﻮ َﻣ ْﺬ َﻫﺐ اﻟ ﱠﺸﺎﻓِ ِﻌ ّﻲ)‪ ،(13‬وﻗﻴﻞ ‪َ :‬أ ﱠﻧ ُﻪ ﱂ ﻳﻘـﻞ ﺑـﻪ أﺣـﺪ ﻗﺒﻠـﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫وﺗﺎﺑﻌﻪ إِ ْﺳ َﺤﺎق)‪.(15)\"(14‬‬ ‫َﻗﺎ َل َﺷ ْﻴ ُﺨ َﻨﺎ ‪ :‬ﻗﺪ َﻗﺎ َل ﺑ َﲈ َﻗﺎ َﻟﻪ اﻟ ﱠﺸﺎﻓِ ِﻌ ﱡﻲ َر ِ َﴈ اﷲُ َﻋ ْﻨ ُﻪ َﻏ ْﲑ إِ ْﺳ َﺤﺎق‪َ ،‬ﻋ ْﺒ ُﺪ اﷲِ ْﺑ ُﻦ َﻣ ْﺴ ُﻌﻮ ٍد‪َ ،‬و َأ ُﺑﻮ)‪َ (16‬ﻣ ْﺴ ُﻌﻮدٍ‬ ‫ا ْﻟ َﺒ ْﺪ ِر ﱡي)‪ ،(17‬و َﻫ َﺬان ﻣﻦ اﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ‪َ ،‬و ِﻣ َﻦ اﻟ ﱠﺘﺎﺑِ ِﻌ َﲔ ‪َ ُ :‬ﳏ ﱠﻤ ُﺪ ْﺑ ُﻦ َﻛ ْﻌ ٍﺐ ا ْﻟ ُﻘ َﺮﻇِ ﱡﻲ‪َ ،‬ﻫ َﺬا َﻣﺎ َذ َﻛ َﺮ ُه ا َﳌﺎ َوردي)‪َ ،(18‬و َﻗﺎ َل اﺑﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺒﺎغ ِﰲ اﻟ ﱠﺸﺎﻣﻞ ‪ :‬إ ﱠن َأ ْ َﲪ َﺪ)‪َ (19‬ﻗﺎ َل ﺑﻪ ِﰲ إﺣﺪى اﻟﺮواﻳﺘﲔ َﻋﻨﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ااﻟﺘﻻﻤﺳﻬﺘﻴﻴ َﺪﻌﺎ‪)َ ،‬ب‪ِ1‬ﰲ‪/2‬ﻣﻌ‪6‬ﺮ‪4‬ﻓ ِﺔ‪1‬ا(‪،‬ﻷَ ْواﺻ َﻻﺤﺎﺳﺘبﺬ‪،‬ﻛﺎ َﻻرْﺑ‪ِ ،‬ﻦ) َ‪6‬ﻋ ْﺒ‪/‬ﺪ‪8‬اﻟ‪6‬ﱪ‪.(190/4.)(،1‬‬ ‫‪:‬‬ ‫ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ‬ ‫)‪(1‬‬ ‫‪:‬‬ ‫ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ‬ ‫)‪(2‬‬ ‫)‪ (3‬ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪ :‬اﻻﺳﺘﻴﻌﺎ َب ِﰲ ﻣﻌﺮﻓ ِﺔ ا َﻷ ْﺻ َﺤﺎب‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ َﻋ ْﺒﺪ اﻟﱪ‪.(18/3) ،‬‬ ‫َﻋ َﲆ َذ ِﻟ َﻚ اﺑ ُﻦ َﻣﻨﺠﻮﻳﻪ‪ ،‬واﺑ ُﻦ َﻣ ْﻨ َﺪة‪ ،‬و َأ ُﺑﻮ ُﻧ َﻌﻴﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫َو ِﻛﻴﻊ‪َ ،‬و َﺗﺒِ َﻌﻪ‬ ‫رﺟﺟﻌﺎﻠ َﻬلَﲈ َ َﺻوا ِﺤِﺣﻴ ًﺪاﺢ‬ ‫)‪ (4‬و ِﳑﱠ ْﻦ‬ ‫ﻻﺑـﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻐﺎﺑـﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫وأﺳـ َﺪ‬ ‫)‪،(1611/3‬‬ ‫ﻧﻌـﻴﻢ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺠﻮﻳﻪ‪ ،(346/1) ،‬وﻣﻌﺮﻓ َﺔ اﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ‪ ،‬ﻷَ ِﰊ‬ ‫ُﻣ ْﺴﻠِﻢ‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ‬ ‫ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪:‬‬ ‫اﻷﺛﲑ‪.(65/6) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ِ (5‬ﰲ )أ( \"أﺑﻮا\" ﺧﻄﺄ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ِ (6‬ﰲ )ب( \"ﺟﻬﻴﻢ\"‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ِ (7‬ﰲ )أ( \"اﺑﻦ\" ﺧﻄﺄ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ِ (8‬ﰲ )أ( \"اﺑﻦ\" ﺧﻄﺄ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ُ (9‬ﻋ ْﻤ َﺪ ُة اﻷَ ْﺣ َﻜﺎ ِم‪) ،‬ص‪.(86 ،85‬‬ ‫)‪ِ (10‬ﰲ )أ( \"أﺑﻮا\" ﺧﻄﺄ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ِ (11‬ﰲ )ب( ﻛﻠﻤﺔ \"اﺑﻦ ﺳﺎﻗﻄﺔ\" وﻛﺘﺒﺖ \"ﺑﺎﳊﺎرث\" ﺧﻄﺄ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ِ (12‬ﰲ )ب( \" َﻫ َﺬا\"‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (13‬ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ﻗﻮ َل اﻟ ﱠﺸﺎﻓِ ِﻌ ّﻲ ِﰲ ذﻟﻚ إﺷﺎرة ِﰲ ‪ :‬ا ُﻷ ﱢم‪ ،(233/2) ،‬و َﻣـﺎ ﺑﻌـﺪﻫﺎ‪ ،‬وا ْﻧ ُﻈـ ْﺮ ﻛﻼﻣـﻪ ﴏاﺣـﺔ ِﰲ َذﻟِـ َﻚ ‪ :‬اﻟﺒﻴـﺎن‪ ،‬ﻟﻠﻌﻤـﺮاﲏ‪،‬‬ ‫)‪ ،(235/2‬وﻣﻌﺮﻓ ِﺔ اﻟﺴﻨﻦ اﻵﺛﺎر ﻟﻠﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ‪.(114 /3) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ (14‬ﻫﻮ اﺑﻦ راﻫﻮﻳﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (15‬إِ ْﺣ َﻜﺎ ُم ا ْﻷَ ْﺣ َﻜﺎم َ ْﴍح ُﻋ ْﻤ َﺪة اﻷَ ْﺣ َﻜﺎ ِم‪.(72/2) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ِ (16‬ﰲ )ب( \"اﺑﻦ\" ﺧﻄﺄ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ِ ،(4139/379/2‬ﻣ ْﻦ َﻃ ِﺮﻳ ِﻖ إِ ْ َﴎا ِﺋﻴ َﻞ‬ ‫)‪ (17‬اﻟ ﱡﺴ َﻨ ُﻦ اﻟ ُﻜ ْ َﱪى ﻟﻠ َﺒ ْﻴ َﻬ ِﻘ ّﻲ ‪:‬‬ ‫َﺟ ْﻌ َﻔ ٍﺮ ﳏﻤﺪ‬ ‫َﻋ ْﻦ َأﺑِﻰ‬ ‫اﳉﻌﻔﻲ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺑﻦ ﻳﻮﻧﺲ‪َ ،‬ﻋ ْﻦ َﺟﺎﺑِ ٍﺮ ﺑﻦ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ‬ ‫َﻋ ْﻦ َأﺑِﻰ َﻣ ْﺴ ُﻌﻮ ٍد ا ْﻟ َﺒ ْﺪ ِر ﱢى َﻗﺎ َل ‪َ :‬ﻟ ْﻮ َﺻ ﱠﻠ ْﻴ ُﺖ‬ ‫اﺑﻦ ﻋﲇ ﺑﻦ اﳊﺴﲔ اﻟﻘﺮﳾ‪،‬‬ ‫َر َأ ْﻳـ ُﺖ َأ ﱠﳖَـﺎ‬ ‫ُ َﳏ ﱠﻤﺪ َﻣﺎ‬ ‫َوﻋﲆ آ ِل‬ ‫َﺻ َﻼة َﻻ َأ َﺻ ﱢﲆ ﻓِﻴ َﻬﺎ َﻋ َﲆ ُ َﳏ ﱠﻤﺪ‬ ‫َﺗﺘِ ﱡﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ ‪َ :‬ﺗ َﻔ ﱠﺮ َد ﺑِ ِﻪ َﺟﺎﺑِ ٌﺮ ا ُْﳉ ْﻌ ِﻔ ﱡﻲ‪َ ،‬و ُﻫ َﻮ َﺿ ِﻌﻴ ٌﻒ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﺎﳊﺪﻳﺚ إﺳﻨﺎده ﺿﻌﻴﻒ ﻣﻦ أﺟﻞ ﺟﺎﺑﺮ‪ ،‬وﻻﻳﺘﻘﻮى اﻹﺳﻨﺎد ﻟﺘﻔﺮده ﺑﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻧﻈﺮ ‪ :‬ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺐ اﻟﺘﻬﺬﻳﺐ‪.(878) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ (18‬ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪ :‬اﳊﺎوي اﻟﻜﺒﲑ‪.(137/2) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ (19‬ﻛﻠﻤﺔ َأ ْ َﲪﺪ\" ﺳﺎﻗﻄﺔ ﻣﻦ )أ( وﺗﺮك ﻣﻜﺎﳖﺎ ﺑﻴﺎ ًﺿﺎ ﺑﻤﻘﺪار ﺣﺮﻓِﲔ‪ ،‬وأﺛﺒﺘﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ )ب(‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻌﻞ واﻟﺪه ﺗﺮﻛﻬﺎ ﺑﻴﺎ ًﺿﺎ ﻫﻜﺬا‪.‬‬ ‫‪250‬‬

‫َو ِﻣ ْﻦ َذ ِﻟ َﻚ َﻣﺎ َﻛﺘَ َﺒ ُﻪ َﻋ َﲆ ﻗﻮ ِل اﻟ ﱠﺸﻴْ ِﺦ َﺗ ِﻘ ﱢﻲ اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳ ِﻦ ِﰲ ﺟﻮا ِب اﻟﺴﺆا ِل اﳌﺸﻬﻮ ِر)‪ِ (1‬ﰲ َﻗ ْﻮﻟِـ ِﻪ ‪\" :‬اﻟ ﱠﻠ ُﻬـ ﱠﻢ َﺻـ ﱢﻞ َﻋـ َﲆ‬ ‫ُ َﳏ ﱠﻤ ٍﺪ َو َﻋ َﲆ آ ِل ُ َﳏ ﱠﻤ ٍﺪ َﻛ َﲈ َﺻ ﱠﻠﻴْ َﺖ َﻋ َﲆ إِ ْﺑ َﺮا ِﻫﻴ َﻢ‪ \"...‬ا َْﳊ ِﺪﻳﺚ)‪ ،(2‬ﻣﻦ أن اﳌﺸ ﱠﺒﻪ دون اﳌﺸﺒﻪ ﺑـﻪ‪ ،‬واﻟﺜـﺎﲏ اﻟﺘﺸـﺒﻴﻪ وﻗـ َﻊ ِﰲ‬ ‫اﻟ ﱠﺼ َﻼة َﻋ َﲆ اﻵ ِل ﻻ َﻋ َﲆ اﻟﻨﱠﺒِ ّﻲ َﺻ ﱠﲆ اﷲُ َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴ ِﻪ َو َﺳ ﱠﻠ َﻢ‪ ،‬ﻓ َﻜﺎ َن ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ‪\" :‬اﻟ ﱠﻠ ُﻬ ﱠﻢ َﺻ ﱢﻞ َﻋـ َﲆ ُ َﳏ ﱠﻤـ ٍﺪ\" ﻣﻘﻄـﻮع َﻋـﻦ اﻟﺘﺸـﺒﻴﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫وﻗﻮﻟﻪ)‪َ \" : (3‬وﻋﲆ آ ِل ُ َﳏ ﱠﻤ ٍﺪ\" ﻣﺘﺼﻞ ﺑﻘﻮﻟﻪ ‪َ \" :‬ﻛ َﲈ َﺻ ﱠﻠﻴْ َﺖ َﻋ َﲆ إِ ْﺑ َﺮا ِﻫﻴ َﻢ‪َ ،‬وﻋﲆ آ ِل إِ ْﺑ َﺮا ِﻫﻴ َﻢ\"‪َ ،‬ﻗﺎ َل اﻟ ﱠﺸﻴْ ُﺦ َﺗ ِﻘـ ﱡﻲ اﻟـ ﱢﺪﻳﻦ ‪:‬‬ ‫\"و ِﰲ َﻫ َﺬا ﻣﻦ اﻟﺴﺆا ِل أن َﻏ ْﲑ اﻷَ ْﻧﺒِﻴَﺎء ﻻ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﻳﺴﺎوﳞﻢ)‪ ،(4‬ﻓﻜﻴﻒ)‪ (5‬ﻳﻄﻠﺐ وﻗﻮع َﻣﺎ ﻻ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ وﻗﻮﻋﻪ؟\")‪.(6‬‬ ‫َﻗﺎ َل َﺷﻴْ ُﺨﻨَﺎ اﻟ َﻮا ِﻟ ُﺪ َر ِ َﴈ ا ُﷲ َﻋ ْﻨ ُﻪ ‪َ :‬ﻫ َﺬا اﻟﺜﺎﲏ َﺣ َﻜﺎه َﺻﺎ ِﺣ ُﺐ اﻟﺒﻴﺎن ‪/46‬ب َﻋ ِﻦ اﻟ ﱠﺸﺎﻓِ ِﻌ ّﻲ)‪ ،(7‬واﳉﻮاب َﻋـﻦ‬ ‫َﻋﻦ اﻟﺴﺆا ِل اﳌﺬﻛﻮ ِر أ ﱠن ﺗﺸﺒﻴﻪ اﻟ ﱠﺼ َﻼ ِة َﻋ َﲆ اﻵل ﺑﺎﻟ ﱠﺼ َﻼ ِة َﻋ َﲆ إﺑﺮاﻫﻴﻢ وآﻟﻪ َﻟ ْﻴ َﺲ ﺗﺸﺒﻴ ًﻬﺎ ِﰲ اﻟﻘﺪ ِر وﻻ ِﰲ اﻟﺮﺗﺒـ ِﺔ ﺣﺘـﻰ‬ ‫ﻳ َﻘﺎ َل ‪ :‬إن َﻏ ْﲑ اﻷَ ْﻧﺒِﻴَﺎء ﻻ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﻳﺴﺎوﳞﻢ ﺑﻞ اﻟﺘﺸﺒﻴﻪ ﻫﻬﻨﺎ ِﰲ أﺻ ِﻞ اﻟ ﱠﺼـ َﻼة‪ ،‬و َذ ِﻟـ َﻚ ﻗـﺪ ٌر ﻣﺸـﱰ ٌك ﺑـﲔ اﻷَ ْﻧﺒِ َﻴـﺎء‬ ‫واﻵل‪ ،‬أ َﻋﻨﻲ ﻣﻄﻠ َﻖ اﻟ ﱠﺼ َﻼة‪ ،‬وإذا َﻛﺎ َن ﻛ َﺬ ِﻟ َﻚ ﻓﻼ ﻳﻠﺰم ﻣﻦ ﻃﻠ َﺐ اﻟ ﱠﺼ َﻼة ﻟﻶل ﻛﺎﻟ ﱠﺼ َﻼة َﻋ َﲆ إﺑﺮاﻫﻴﻢ وآﻟﻪ أن َﻳ ُﻜـﻮن‬ ‫ﻃﻠ ًﺒﺎ ﳌَﺎ ﱂ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ وﻗﻮﻋﻪ‪ ،‬و ُﻫ َﻮ اﳌﺴﺎواة)‪َ (8‬ﻓﻴﺴﻘ ُﻂ اﻟ ﱡﺴ َﺆا ُل‪َ ،‬و َﺻ ﱠﺢ َﻣﺎ َﻗﺎ َﻟﻪ اﻟ ﱠﺸﺎﻓِ ِﻌ ّﻲ َر ِ َﴈ اﷲُ َﻋ ْﻨ ُﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫َو ِﻣ ْﻦ َذﻟِ َﻚ َﻣﺎ َﻛ َﺘ َﺒ ُﻪ َﻋ َﲆ َﺣ ِﺪﻳ ِﺚ اﺑ ِﻦ َﻋ ﱠﺒﺎ ٍس‪َ ،‬ﻛﺎ َن َر ُﺳﻮ ُل ا ِﷲ َﺻ ﱠﲆ اﷲُ َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴ ِﻪ َو َﺳ ﱠﻠ َﻢ َ ْﳚ َﻤ ُﻊ ِﰲ اﻟ ﱠﺴ َﻔ ِﺮ َﺑ ْ َﲔ َﺻـ َﻼة‬ ‫اﻟ ﱡﻈ ْﻬ ِﺮ َوا ْﻟ َﻌ ْ ِﴫ إِ َذا َﻛﺎ َن َﻋ َﲆ َﻇ ْﻬ ِﺮ َﺳ ْ ٍﲑ‪َ ،‬و َ ْﳚ َﻤ ُﻊ َﺑ ْ َﲔ ا َْﳌ ْﻐ ِﺮ ِب َوا ْﻟ ِﻌ َﺸﺎ ِء‪َ ،‬ﻗﺎ َل اﻟ ﱠﺸﻴْ ُﺦ َﺗ ِﻘ ﱡﻲ اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳﻦ ‪َ :‬ﻫ َﺬا ا َْﳊ ِﺪﻳﺚ ﻟَـﻴْ َﺲ ِﰲ‬ ‫ﻛِﺘَﺎب ﻣﺴﻠﻢ‪ ،‬وإﻧ َﲈ ُﻫ َﻮ ِﰲ ِﻛﺘَﺎب اﻟﺒُ َﺨﺎ ِر ّي‪َ ،‬ﻗﺎ َل َﺷـ ْﻴ ُﺨ َﻨﺎ اﻟ َﻮا ِﻟـ ُﺪ َر ِ َﴈ ا ُﷲ َﻋ ْﻨـ ُﻪ ‪ :‬وﻟـﻴﺲ ُﻫـ َﻮ )‪ِ(9‬ﰲ ﻛِ َﺘـﺎ ِب اﻟﺒُ َﺨـﺎ ِر ﱢي‬ ‫ﻣﺴﻨ ًﺪا وإﻧ َﲈ ُﻫ َﻮ ﻓِﻴﻪ ﻣﻌﻠﻖ‪.‬‬ ‫َﻗﺎ َل اﻟﺒُ َﺨﺎ ِر ﱡي ‪َ :‬و َﻗﺎ َل إِ ْﺑ َﺮا ِﻫﻴ ُﻢ ْﺑ ُﻦ َﻃ ْﻬ َﲈ َن)‪َ : (10‬ﻋﻦ ُﺣ َﺴ ْ ٍﲔ اﳌُ َﻌ ﱢﻠ ِﻢ)‪َ ،(1‬ﻋﻦ َ ْﳛﻴَﻰ ْﺑ ِﻦ َأ ِﰊ َﻛﺜِـﲑ)‪َ ،(2‬ﻋـﻦ ِﻋ ْﻜ ِﺮ َﻣـ َﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫َﻋﻦ ا ْﺑ ِﻦ َﻋﺒﱠﺎ ٍس‪َ ،‬ﻗﺎ َل ‪َ :‬ﻛﺎ َن اﻟ ﱠﻨﺒِ ﱡﻲ َﺻ ﱠﲆ ا ُﷲ َﻋ َﻠﻴْ ِﻪ َو َﺳ ﱠﻠ َﻢ َ ْﳚ َﻤ ُﻊ َﺑ ْ َﲔ اﻟﻈﱡ ْﻬ ِﺮ َوا ْﻟ َﻌ ْ ِﴫ إِ َذا َﻛﺎ َن َﻋ َﲆ َﻇ ْﻬ ِﺮ َﺳ ْ ٍﲑ‪َ ،‬و َ ْﳚ َﻤ ُﻊ َﺑـ ْ َﲔ‬ ‫ا َْﳌ ْﻐ ِﺮ ِب َوا ْﻟ ِﻌ َﺸﺎ ِء)‪.(3‬‬ ‫)‪ِ (1‬ﰲ )ب( \"اﳌﺸﻬﻮد\"‬ ‫)‪َ (2‬ﺻ ِﺤﻴ ُﺢ اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨﺎ ِر ّي ‪ِ (60) :‬ﻛ َﺘﺎ ُب َأ َﺣﺎ ِدﻳﺚ اﻷﻧﺒِ َﻴﺎ ِء‪ ،(3369) ،‬وا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ َر ْﻗﻢ ‪َ ،(6360) :‬ﺻ ِﺤﻴ ُﺢ ُﻣ ْﺴ ِﻠﻢ ‪) :‬ص‪ (4) ،(175‬ﻛِ َﺘـﺎ ُب‬ ‫ِﻛ َﺘﺎ ُب اﻟ ﱠﺼ َﻼة‪َ (17) ،‬ﺑﺎ ُب اﻟ ﱠﺼ َﻼة َﻋ َﲆ اﻟﻨﱠﺒِ ﱢﻰ َﺻ ﱠﲆ ا ُﷲ َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴ ِﻪ َو َﺳ ﱠﻠ َﻢ َﺑ ْﻌ َﺪ اﻟ ﱠﺘ َﺸ ﱡﻬ ِﺪ‪ ،(407 /69) ،‬ﻣﻦ ﻃﺮﻳـﻖ َأ ِﰊ ﺑﻜـﺮ ْﺑـ ِﻦ ُ َﳏ ﱠﻤـﺪ ْﺑـ ِﻦ‬ ‫َﻋ ْﻤ ِﺮو ْﺑ ِﻦ َﺣ ْﺰ ٍم‪َ ،‬ﻋ ْﻦ َﻋ ْﻤ ِﺮو ْﺑ ِﻦ ُﺳ َﻠ ْﻴ ٍﻢ اﻟ ﱡﺰ َر ِﻗ ﱢﻲ‪َ ،‬ﻋ ْﻦ َأ ِﰊ ُ َﲪ ْﻴ ٍﺪ اﻟ ﱠﺴﺎ ِﻋ ِﺪ ﱢي‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (3‬ﻋﺒﺎرة \"\"اﻟ ﱠﻠ ُﻬ ﱠﻢ َﺻ ﱢﻞ َﻋ َﲆ ُ َﳏ ﱠﻤﺪ\" ﻣﻘﻄﻮع َﻋﻦ اﻟﺘﺸﺒﻴﻪ‪ ،‬وﻗﻮﻟﻪ\" ﺳﺎﻗﻄﺔ ﻣﻦ )أ(‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ِ (4‬ﰲ )ب( \"ﻧﺴﺎوﳞﻢ\" ﺧﻄﺄ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (5‬ﻛﺘﺐ َﻋ َﲆ ﻳﻤﲔ اﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ ِﰲ ا َﳊﺎ ِﺷ َﻴ ِﺔ ِﰲ )ب( \"ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻠﺔ ﺻﺢ\"‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (6‬إِ ْﺣ َﻜﺎ ُم ا ْ َﻷ ْﺣ َﻜﺎم َ ْﴍح ُﻋ ْﻤ َﺪة اﻷَ ْﺣ َﻜﺎ ِم‪.(74/2) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ (7‬ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪.(236/2) :‬‬ ‫)‪ِ (8‬ﰲ )ب( \"اﳌﺴﺎوات\"‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (9‬ﻛﻠﻤﺔ \" ِﰲ\" ﻛﺘﺒﺖ ﺑﲔ ﻛﻠﻤﺘﻲ \"ﻫﻮ\" و\"ﻛِ َﺘﺎب\" إِ َﱃ أﻋﲆ‪ ،‬ﻓﻜﺄﻧﻪ ﻧﺴﻴﻬﺎ ُﺛ ﱠﻢ َﻛ َﺘ َﺒ َﻬﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪َ (10‬أ ُﺑﻮ َﺳ ِﻌﻴﺪ اﳍﺮوي‪ُ ،‬ﺗ ُﻮ ﱢ َﰲ َﺳ َﻨﺔ ‪168‬ﻫـ‪.‬‬ ‫َو ﱠﺛ َﻘﻪ إِ ْﺳ َﺤﺎ ُق ﺑﻦ راﻫﻮﻳﻪ‪ ،‬و ﳛﻴﻰ ْﺑﻦ َﻣ ِﻌﲔ‪ ،‬و َأ ْ َﲪ ُﺪ ﺑﻦ َﺣ ْﻨ َﺒﻞ‪ ،‬وﳛﻴﻰ ﺑﻦ أﻛﺜﻢ اﻟ َﻘـﺎ ِﴈ‪ ،‬و َأ ُﺑـﻮ َﺣـﺎﺗِﻢ اﻟـ ﱠﺮا ِز ّي‪ ،‬وﻋـﺜ َﲈ ُن ﺑـﻦ َﺳـ ِﻌﻴﺪ‬ ‫اﻟ ﱠﺪا ْر ِﻣ ّﻲ‪َ ،‬و َزا َد ‪ :‬ﱂ ﻳﺰل ا َﻷﺋِ ﱠﻤﺔ ﻳﺸﺘﻬﻮن َﺣ ِﺪﻳﺜـﻪ وﻳﺮﻏﺒـﻮن ﻓِﻴـﻪ وﻳﻮﺛﻘﻮﻧـﻪ‪ ،‬و َأ ُﺑـﻮ داود اﻟﺴﺠﺴـﺘﺎﲏ‪ ،‬واﺑـﻦ ﺷـﺎﻫﲔ‪ ،‬واﻟـ ﱠﺪا َر ُﻗ ْﻄﻨِ ّﻲ‪،‬‬ ‫وأﺿﺎف‪ :‬وإﻧ َﲈ ﺗﻜﻠﻢ ﻓِﻴﻪ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ اﻹرﺟﺎء‪ ،‬واﻟ ﱠﺬ َﻫﺒِ ّﻲ‪َ ،‬و َزا َد ِﰲ ﻣﻮﺿﻊ آﺧﺮ ‪ :‬ﺣﺠﺔ‪َ ،‬و َذ َﻛ َﺮه ِﰲ أﺳ َﲈء ﻣـﻦ ﺗﻜﻠـﻢ ﻓِﻴـﻪ و ُﻫـﻮ ﻣﻮﺛـﻖ‪=،‬‬ ‫‪251‬‬

‫=وأﺿﺎف ‪َ :‬ﺻ ُﺪوق ﻣﺸﻬﻮر‪ ،‬و ِﰲ ﻣﻮﺿﻊ آﺧﺮ أﺿﺎف ‪ :‬ﻣﺘﻘﻦ‪ ،‬وﻛﺬا َو ﱠﺛ َﻘﻪ اﺑ ُﻦ َﺣ َﺠﺮ‪َ ،‬و َزا َد ‪ :‬ﻳﻐﺮب‪ ،‬وﺗﻜﻠﻢ ﻓِﻴﻪ ﻟﻺرﺟـﺎء‪َ ،‬و ُﻳ َﻘـﺎل‬ ‫رﺟﻊ َﻋﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻣﺮة َأ ﱠﻧ ُﻪ أﺣﺪ اﻷَ ِﺋ ﱠﻤﺔ‪ ،‬وأﻃﻠﻖ اﻟ َﻘ ْﻮل ﺑﺘﻮﺛﻴﻖ اﳉﻤﻬﻮر ﻟﻪ‪ ،‬و َﻗﺎ َل ‪ :‬اﳊﻖ ﻓِﻴﻪ َأ ﱠﻧ ُﻪ ﺛِ َﻘﺔ َﺻ ِﺤﻴﺢ ا َْﳊ ِﺪﻳﺚ إذا روى َﻋﻨﻪ ﺛِ َﻘﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫وأﻃﻠ َﻖ اﻟ َﻘ ْﻮل ﺑﺘ َﺼ ِﺤﻴﺢ ِﻛ َﺘﺎﺑﻪ َﻋ ْﺒﺪ اﷲِ ﺑﻦ اﳌﺒﺎرك‪ ،‬ﻓﻌﻘ َﺐ اﺑ ُﻦ رﺟﺐ ا َﳊ ْﻨ َﺒﲇ ﺑﻘﻮﻟﻪ ‪ :‬و َﻫ َﺬا ﻳﺪل َﻋ َﲆ أن ﺣﻔ َﻈ ُﻪ َﻛﺎ َن ﻓِﻴﻪ ﺷ ٌﺊ ِﻋﻨْﺪه‪.‬‬ ‫َو َﻗﺎ َل ِﰲ رواﻳﺔ أﺧﺮى ‪َ :‬ﺻ ِﺤﻴﺢ اﻟﻌﻠﻢ وا َْﳊ ِﺪﻳﺚ‪َ ،‬و َﻗﺎ َل َﻣ ﱠﺮة ‪ :‬ﺛﺒ ًﺘﺎ ِﰲ ا َْﳊ ِﺪﻳﺚ‪.‬‬ ‫و َﻗﺎ َل َأ ْ َﲪ ُﺪ ﺑﻦ َﺣﻨْ َﺒﻞ ِﰲ ﻣﻮﺿ ٍﻊ آﺧﺮ ‪َ :‬ﺻ ِﺤﻴﺢ ا َْﳊ ِﺪﻳﺚ ﻣﻘﺎرب َﻳ َﺮى اﻹرﺟﺎء‪ ،‬و َﻛﺎ َن ﺷﺪﻳ ًﺪا َﻋ َﲆ اﳉﻬﻤﻴـﺔ‪َ ،‬و َذ َﻛـ َﺮ ﻟـﻪ إﺑـﺮاﻫﻴﻢ ﺑـﻦ‬ ‫ﻃﻬ َﲈن‪ ،‬و َﻛﺎ َن ﻣﺘﻜ ًﺌﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻋ ّﻠ ٍﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺠﻠﺲ و َﻗﺎ َل ‪ :‬ﻻ ﻳﻨﺒﻐﻲ أن ﻳﺬﻛﺮ اﻟ ﱠﺼﺎ ِﳊﻮن َﻓ ُﻴ ﱠﺘ َﻜﺄ‪َ ،‬و َﻗﺎ َل َﻣ ﱠﺮة ‪َ :‬ﺻ ُﺪوق اﻟﻠﻬﺠﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫وﻛﺬا َﺻ ﱠﺤ َﺢ َﺣ ِﺪﻳ َﺜﻪ إِ ْﺳ َﺤﺎ ُق ﺑﻦ راﻫﻮﻳﻪ‪ ،‬و َﻗﺎ َل ‪َ :‬ﻣﺎ َﻛﺎ َن ﺑﺨﺮاﺳﺎن أﺣ ٌﺪ أﻛﺜ َﺮ َﺣ ِﺪﻳ ًﺜﺎ ﻣﻨﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫َو َذ َﻛ َﺮه اﻟﻜﻼﺑﺎذي ِﰲ اﳍﺪاﻳﺔ واﻹرﺷﺎد ِﰲ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ أﻫﻞ اﻟ ﱢﺜ َﻘﺔ واﻟﺴﺪاد‪.‬‬ ‫َو َﻗﺎ َل ﳛﻴﻰ ْﺑﻦ َﻣ ِﻌﲔ ﻣﺮة ‪َ :‬ﻟ ْﻴ َﺲ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺎس ﻳﻜﺘﺐ َﺣ ِﺪﻳﺜﻪ‪ ،‬وﻛ َﺬ ِﻟ َﻚ َﻗﺎ َل اﻟ ِﻌ ْﺠِ ﱡﲆ‪.‬‬ ‫و َﺣ ﱠﺴ َﻦ َﺣ ِﺪﻳﺜﻪ َأ ُﺑﻮ َﺣﺎﺗِﻢ اﻟ ﱠﺮا ِز ّي‪ ،‬ﻣﺴﺒ ًﻘﺎ َذﻟِ َﻚ وﺻﻔﻪ إﻳﺎه ﺑ َﺼ ُﺪوق‪.‬‬ ‫ووﺻﻔﻪ اﳉﻮزﺟﺎﲏ ﺑﺎﻟﻔﺎﺿﻞ اﻟﺬي رﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﻹرﺟﺎء‪.‬‬ ‫َو َﻗﺎ َل اﺑ ُﻦ ِﺣ ﱠﺒﺎن ‪ :‬أﻣﺮه ُﻣ ْﺸ َﺘﺒﻪ ﻟﻪ ﻣﺪﺧﻞ ِﰲ اﻟ ﱢﺜ َﻘﺎت‪ ،‬وﻣﺪﺧﻞ ِﰲ اﻟ ﱡﻀ َﻌ َﻔﺎء‪ ،‬وﻗﺪ روى َأ َﺣﺎ ِدﻳ َﺚ ُﻣ ْﺴ َﺘ ِﻘﻴﻤ ًﺔ ﺗﺸﺒﻪ َأ َﺣﺎ ِدﻳﺚ اﻷﺛﺒﺎت‪ ،‬وﻗﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﻔﺮد َﻋﻦ اﻟ ﱢﺜ َﻘﺎت ﺑﺄﺷﻴﺎء ﻣﻌﻀﻼت‪.‬‬ ‫َو َﻗﺎ َل اﺑ ُﻦ ﺷﺎﻫﲔ ﻣﺮة َﺻﺎ ِﻟﺢ‪.‬‬ ‫ووﺻﻔﻪ اﺑ ُﻦ ا َﳉ ْﻮ ِز ّي ﺑﺎﻟﺮﺟﻞ اﻟ ﱠﺼﺎ ِﻟﺢ‪.‬‬ ‫وﻧﻔﻰ اﻟ ﱡﺬﻫﲇ اﻻ ْﺣﺘِ َﺠﺎج ﺑِ َﺤ ِﺪﻳﺜ ِﻪ‪َ ،‬و َﺿ ﱠﻌ َﻔ ُﻪ اﺑ ُﻦ ﻋ ﱠﲈر اﳌﻮﺻﲇ‪َ ،‬و َزا َد ‪ُ :‬ﻣ ْﻀ َﻄ ِﺮب ا َْﳊ ِﺪﻳﺚ‪.‬‬ ‫و ﱠﳌﺎ ُذ ِﻛ َﺮ ﻟﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺟﺰرة ﻗﻮ َل اﺑﻦ ﻋ ﱠﲈر َﻫ َﺬا َﻗﺎ َل ‪ :‬إﻧ َﲈ وﻗﻊ ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ ﻋ ﱠﲈر َﺣ ِﺪﻳﺚ ﻣﻦ رواﻳﺔ اﳌﻌﺎ ِﰲ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮان‪َ ،‬ﻋﻦ إﺑﺮاﻫﻴﻢ ﺑﻦ ﻃﻬ َﲈن‪َ ،‬ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ُ َﳏ ﱠﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ زﻳﺎد‪َ ،‬ﻋﻦ َأ ِﰊ ﻫﺮﻳﺮة َر ِ َﴈ ا ُﷲ َﻋﻨْ ُﻪ ِﰲ أول ﲨﻌﺔ ﲨﻌﺖ‪َ ،‬ﻗﺎ َل ﺻﺎﻟﺢ ‪ :‬و َﻫ َﺬا ﻏﻠﻂ ﻓِﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ دون إﺑﺮاﻫﻴﻢ؛ ﻷ ﱠن َﲨﺎﻋﺔ رووه َﻋﻨﻪ‬ ‫َﻋﻦ َأ ِﰊ ﲨﺮة‪َ ،‬ﻋﻦ اﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺎس َر ِ َﴈ ا ُﷲ َﻋ ْﻨ ُﻪ‪ ،‬و ُﻫﻮ اﻟﺼﻮاب‪ ،‬وﻛﺬا ُﻫ َﻮ ِﰲ ﺗﺼﻨﻴﻔﻪ‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ ﻋ ﱠﲈر ﻻ ﻳﻌﺮف َﺣـ ِﺪﻳﺚ إﺑـﺮاﻫﻴﻢ‪ ،‬وﻛـﺬا رد‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ اﻟ ﱠﺬ َﻫﺒِ ّﻲ ﺑﺄﻧﻪ ﻻ ﻋﱪة ﺑﻘﻮل ﻣﻀﻌﻔﻪ‪ ،‬ووﺻﻒ ﻗﻮ َﻟ ُﻪ َﻫ َﺬا ﺑﺎﻟﺸﺎذ‪.‬‬ ‫َو َذ َﻛ َﺮه اﻟ ُﻌ َﻘ ْﻴِ ﱡﲇ ِﰲ اﻟ ﱡﻀ َﻌ َﻔﺎء‪ ،‬و َﻗﺎ َل ‪َ :‬ﻛﺎ َن ﻳﻐﻠﻮ ِﰲ اﻹرﺟﺎء‪.‬‬ ‫وأ ﱠﻣﺎ اﺑ ُﻦ ﺣﺰم ﻓﻠﻢ ﻳﺼﺤ ْﺢ َﺣ ِﺪﻳ ًﺜﺎ ُﻫ َﻮ َﺻ ِﺤﻴ ٌﺢ ﻣﻦ أﺟ ِﻞ إﺑﺮاﻫﻴﻢ ﺑﻦ ﻃﻬ َﲈن‪ ،‬ﻷﻧﻪ ِﻋﻨْﺪه ﺿﻌﻴﻒ‪ ،‬ﻓﺮ ﱠد ﻋﻠﻴﻪ اﺑ ُﻦ اﻟﻘﻴﻢ‪ ،‬ﺑﻘﻮﻟﻪ ‪ :‬ﻓﻠﻠ ِﻪ َﻣـﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﻲ إﺑﺮاﻫﻴﻢ ﺑﻦ ﻃﻬ َﲈن ﻣﻦ أﺑﻰ ُ َﳏ ﱠﻤﺪ اﺑﻦ ﺣﺰم‪ ،‬و ُﻫﻮ ﻣﻦ اﳊﻔﺎ ِظ اﻷﺛﺒﺎ ِت اﻟ ﱢﺜ َﻘﺎ ِت اﻟﺬﻳﻦ اﺗﻔ َﻖ اﻷَ ِﺋ ﱠﻤـ ُﺔ اﻟ ﱢﺴـ ﱠﺘ ُﺔ َﻋـ َﲆ إﺧـﺮاج َﺣ ِﺪﻳﺜـﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫واﺗﻔ َﻖ َأ ْﺻ َﺤﺎ ُب اﻟ ﱠﺼ ِﺤﻴﺢ‪ ،‬وﻓِﻴﻬﻢ اﻟ ﱠﺸ ْﻴﺨﺎن َﻋ َﲆ اﻻ ْﺣﺘِ َﺠﺎج ﺑِ َﺤ ِﺪﻳﺜ ِﻪ‪ ،‬و َﺷ ِﻬ َﺪ ﻟﻪ ا َﻷﺋِ ﱠﻤ ُﺔ ﺑﺎﻟ ﱢﺜ َﻘﺔ واﻟ ﱢﺼ ْﺪق‪ ،‬وﱂ ﳛﻔﻆ َﻋﻦ أﺣﺪ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﻓِﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺟﺮح وﻻ ﺧﺪش‪ ،‬وﻻ ﳛﻔﻆ َﻋﻦ أﺣﺪ ﻣﻦ ا ُﳌ َﺤ ﱢﺪﺛﲔ ﻗﻂ ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻞ َﺣ ِﺪﻳﺚ رواه‪.‬‬ ‫وﻛﺬا ر ﱠد ﻋﻠﻴﻪ اﺑ ُﻦ َﺣ َﺠﺮ ﺑﺮد ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ور ﱠد اﻟ ﱠﺬ َﻫﺒِ ﱡﻲ َﻋ َﲆ ﻛ ﱢﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺿ ﱠﻌ َﻔﻪ ﺑﻘﻮﻟﻪ ‪ :‬ﻓ َﻬ َﺬا رﺟ ٌﻞ ﻋﺎﱂٌ ﻛﺒ ُﲑ اﻟ َﻘـ ْﺪ ِر ﺑﺨﺮاﺳـﺎن أﺧﻄـﺄ ِﰲ ﻣﺴـﺄﻟﺔ ﻓ َﻜـﺎ َن َﻣـﺎذا؟ ﻓـﺄﺑﻤﺠﺮد اﻹرﺟـﺎء‬ ‫ُﻳ َﻀ ﱠﻌ ُﻒ َﺣ ِﺪﻳ َﺚ اﻟ ﱢﺜ َﻘ ِﺔ‪ ،‬وﳞﺪر‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺪ َﻛﺎ َن ﻣﻦ ُﻫ َﻮ أﻛﱪ ﻣﻦ إﺑﺮاﻫﻴﻢ ﻣﺮﺟ ًﺌﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ ‪ :‬ﻫﻮ ﺛِ َﻘ ٌﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪ :‬ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ ا ْﺑﻦ َﻣ ِﻌﲔ )رواﻳﺔ اﻟﺪوري(‪ ،(355 /4) ،‬و ِﻋ َﻠ َﻞ أﲪﺪ )رواﻳﺔ اﺑﻨﻪ ﻋﺒﺪ اﷲ(‪ ،(538/2) ،‬و ُﺳـ َﺆا َﻻ ِت َأ ِﰊ داود ﻟﻺ َﻣـﺎم‬ ‫َأ ْ َﲪـﺪ ﺑـﻦ َﺣ ْﻨ َﺒـﻞ‪) ،‬ص ‪ ،(359‬وأﺣـﻮا َل اﻟﺮﺟـﺎل‪ ،‬ﻟﻠﺠﻮزﺟـﺎﲏ‪) ،‬ص‪ ،(209‬واﻟ ﱡﻀـ َﻌ َﻔﺎ َء اﻟ َﻜﺒِـﲑ‪ ،‬ﻟﻠ ُﻌ ِﻘـ ْﻴِ ّﲇ‪ ،(66/1) ،‬ا َْﳉـ ْﺮ َح‬ ‫َواﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﻌ ِﺪﻳﻞ‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ َأ ِﰊ َﺣﺎﺗِﻢ‪ ،(107 /2) ،‬واﻟ ﱢﺜ َﻘﺎ ِت‪ ،‬ﻻﺑـﻦ ِﺣ ﱠﺒـﺎن‪ ،(27/6) ،‬و َﺗـﺎ ِرﻳ َﺦ أﺳـ َﲈء اﻟ ﱢﺜ َﻘـﺎت‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑـ ِﻦ ﺷـﺎﻫﲔ‪) ،‬ص‪،(58‬‬ ‫و ُﺳ َﺆا َﻻ ِت اﻟ ﱡﺴ َﻠﻤﻲ ﻟﻠ ﱠﺪا َر ُﻗ ْﻄﻨِ ّﻲ‪) ،‬ص‪ ،(44‬وﺳﻨ َﻦ اﻟـ ﱠﺪا َر ُﻗ ْﻄﻨِ ّﻲ‪ ،(58 /4 ،218/2) ،‬واﳍﺪاﻳـ َﺔ واﻹرﺷـﺎ َد ِﰲ ﻣﻌﺮﻓـﺔ أﻫـﻞ اﻟ ﱢﺜ َﻘـﺔ‬ ‫واﻟﺴـﺪاد‪ ،‬ﻟﻠﻜﻼﺑـﺎذي‪ ،(53 /1) ،‬واﳌﺤـﲆ‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑـ ِﻦ ﺣـﺰم‪ ،(277/10) ،‬و َﺗـﺎ ِرﻳ َﺦ َﺑ ْﻐـ َﺪاد‪ ،‬ﻟﻠﺨﻄﻴـﺐ اﻟ َﺒ ْﻐـ َﺪادي‪،(105 /6) ،‬‬ ‫واﻟ ﱡﻀ َﻌ َﻔﺎ َء َواﳌَ ْ ُﱰوﻛِﲔ‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ ا َﳉ ْﻮ ِز ّي‪ ،(36/1) ،‬وﴍ َح ﻋﻠـﻞ اﻟ ﱢ ْﱰ ِﻣـ ِﺬ ّي‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑـ ِﻦ رﺟـﺐ ا َﳊ ْﻨـ َﺒﲇ‪ ،(766/2) ،‬و َ ْﲥـ ِﺬﻳ َﺐ ا ْﻟ َﻜـ َﲈل‪،‬‬ ‫ﻟﻠ ِﻤ ﱢﺰ ّي‪ ،( 108 /2) ،‬وﻣﻴﺰا َن اﻻﻋﺘﺪال‪ ،(158/1) ،‬و ِﺳ َﲑ َأ ْﻋ َﻼ ِم اﻟﻨﱡ َﺒ َﻼ ِء‪ ،(378/7) ،‬و َﺗﺎ ِرﻳ َﺦ ا ِﻹ ْﺳـ َﻼم‪ ،(62 /10) ،‬وأﺳـ َﲈ َء‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﺗﻜﻠﻢ ﻓِﻴﻪ و ُﻫﻮ ﻣﻮﺛﻖ‪) ،‬ص‪ ،(31‬واﳌُ ْﻐﻨِﻲ ِﰲ اﻟ ﱡﻀ َﻌ َﻔﺎء‪ ،(32/1) ،‬واﻟﺮوا َة اﻟ ﱢﺜ َﻘﺎت اﳌـﺘﻜﻠﻢ ﻓِـﻴﻬﻢ ﺑـ َﲈ ﻻ ﻳﻮﺟـﺐ ردﻫـﻢ‪) ،‬ص‬ ‫‪ ،(35‬ﺳﺘﺘﻬﺎ ﻟﻠ ﱠﺬ َﻫﺒِ ّﻲ‪ ،‬وزا َد اﳌﻌﺎ َد‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ َﻗ ﱢﻴ ِﻢ ا َﳉ ْﻮ ِز ّﻳﺔ‪َ ،(708 /5) ،‬و َﺗ َﻘ ِﺮﻳ َﺐ اﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﻬ ِﺬﻳﺐ‪ ،(189) ،‬و َ ْﲥ ِﺬﻳ َﺐ اﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﻬـ ِﺬﻳﺐ‪،(151/1) ،‬‬ ‫وﻫﺪي اﻟﺴﺎري‪ ،(388) ،‬ﺛﻼﺛﺘﻬﺎ ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ َﺣ َﺠﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ُ (1‬ﻫ َﻮ ﺣﺴﲔ ﺑﻦ ذﻛﻮان اﳌﻌﻠﻢ‪ ،‬اﳌﻜﺘﺐ‪ ،‬اﻟﺒﴫ ّي‪ ،‬اﻟ َﻌ ْﻮذي‪ُ ،‬ﺗ ُﻮ ﱢ َﰲ َﺳ َﻨﺔ ‪145‬ﻫـ‪=.‬‬ ‫‪252‬‬

‫َو ِﻣ ْﻦ َذ ِﻟ َﻚ َﻣﺎ َأ َﻓﺎ َد ُه َﻋ َﲆ ﻗﻮ ِل اﻟ ﱠﺸ ْﻴ ِﺦ َﺗ ِﻘ ﱢﻲ اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳ ِﻦ ِﰲ َو ْﻗ ِﺖ اﻟ ﱠﺬ ْﺑ ِﺢ ﻟﻸﺿﺤﻴﺔ ‪َ :‬ﻣ ْﺬ َﻫ ُﺐ اﻟ ﱠﺸﺎﻓِ ِﻌ ّﻲ ا ْﻋﺘِﺒَـﺎر َو ْﻗـ ِﺖ‬ ‫اﻟ ﱠﺼ َﻼة‪ ،‬و َو ْﻗﺖ ا ُﳋﻄْﺒَﺘَ ْﲔ)‪ ،(3‬و َﻣ ْﺬ َﻫ ُﺐ ﻏﲑه ا ْﻋﺘِ َﺒﺎر ﻓﻌﻞ اﻟ ﱠﺼ َﻼة وا ُﳋﻄْ َﺒ َﺘ ْﲔ‪ ،‬وا َْﳊ ِﺪﻳ ُﺚ َﻧ ﱠﺺ َﻋ َﲆ ا ْﻋﺘِﺒَـﺎر اﻟ ﱠﺼـ َﻼة‪ ،‬وﱂ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻌﺮض ﻻ ْﻋﺘِﺒَﺎ ِر ا ُﳋ ْﻄ َﺒﺘَ ْﲔ)‪.(4‬‬ ‫َﻗﺎ َل َﺷﻴْ ُﺨ َﻨﺎ اﻟ َﻮا ِﻟﺪ ‪َ :‬ﺟ َﺰ َم اﻟ ُﻔﻮ َرا ِ ﱡﲏ ِﰲ ا ِﻹ َﺑﺎ َﻧ ِﺔ ﺑِـﺄَ ﱠن اﻟ ﱠ ْﴩـ َط َﻣ َﴤـ َو ْﻗـﺖ اﻟ َﻜ َﺮا َﻫـ ِﺔ‪ ،‬واﻟ ﱠﺼـ َﻼة دون ا ْﻋﺘِﺒَـﺎر‬ ‫اﳋﻄﺒﺘﲔ‪ ،‬ﻫﻜﺬا رأﻳﺘﻪ ِﰲ ا ِﻹ َﺑﺎ َﻧ ِﺔ‪ ،‬وﳌَﺎ َﻧ َﻘ َﻞ اﻹ َﻣﺎ ُم َﻫ َﺬا َز ﱠﻳ َﻔ ُﻪ‪ ،‬و ُﻫ َﻮ ﻗﻮ ﱞي ِﻣ ْﻦ َﺣ ْﻴ ِﺚ اﻟ ﱠﺪﻟِﻴﻞ‪.‬‬ ‫َو ِﻣ ْﻦ َذ ِﻟ َﻚ َﻣﺎ َﻛﺘَﺒَ ُﻪ َﻋ َﲆ ﻗﻮ ِل اﻟ ﱠﺸ ْﻴ ِﺦ ﺗﻘ ﱢﻲ اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳ ِﻦ ِﰲ َﺻ َﻼ ِة اﻟ ُﻜ ُﺴﻮ ِف ‪َ \" :‬ﻇﺎ ِﻫ ُﺮ َﻣ ْﺬ َﻫﺐ اﻟ ﱠﺸﺎﻓِ ِﻌ ّﻲ َأ ﱠﻧ ُﻪ ﻻ ﻳﻄـﻮل‬ ‫اﻟ ﱡﺴ ُﺠﻮد‪َ ،‬و َذ َﻛ َﺮ اﻟ ﱠﺸ ْﻴ ُﺦ أﰊ إِ ْﺳ َﺤﺎق اﻟ ﱢﺸ َﲑا ِز ّي‪َ ،‬ﻋﻦ أﰊ اﻟ َﻌ ﱠﺒﺎ ِس ﺑ ِﻦ ُ َﴎ ْﻳـ ِﺞ َأ ﱠﻧـ ُﻪ ﻳﻄﻮﻟـﻪ‪َ ،‬ﻗـﺎ َل ‪ :‬وﻟـﻴ َﺲ ﳾء؛ ﻷَ ﱠن)‪(5‬‬ ‫اﻟ ﱠﺸﺎﻓِ ِﻌ ّﻲ ﱂ ﻳﺬﻛﺮه\")‪.(7)(6‬‬ ‫َﻗﺎ َل َﺷ ْﻴ ُﺨ َﻨﺎ اﻟ َﻮا ِﻟ ُﺪ َر ِ َﴈ ا ُﷲ َﻋﻨْ ُﻪ ‪ :‬اﻟ َﻘـ ْﻮ ُل ﺑﺘَ ْﻄ ِﻮﻳـ ِﻞ اﻟ ﱡﺴـ ُﺠﻮ ِد ُﻫـ َﻮ َﻧـ ﱡﺺ اﻟ ﱠﺸـﺎﻓِ ِﻌ ﱢﻲ ﻧﻘﻠـﻪ َﻋﻨـﻪ اﻟْ ُﺒـ َﻮ ْﻳ ِﻄ ﱡﻲ)‪(8‬‬ ‫واﻟ ﱢ ْﱰ ِﻣ ِﺬ ّي)‪ ،(9‬و ُﻫ َﻮ َﺻ ِﺤﻴﺢ ﻟِ ْ َﻸ َﺣﺎ ِدﻳ ِﺚ اﻟ َﻮا ِر َد ِة ﻓِﻴﻪ)‪.(10‬‬ ‫= اﻟﻜ ﱡﻞ َﻋ َﲆ ﺗﻮﺛﻴ ِﻘ ِﻪ إﻻ َﻣﺎ َﻛﺎ َن ﻣﻦ ﳛﻴﻰ ﺑﻦ َﺳ ِﻌﻴﺪ اﻟ َﻘ ﱠﻄﺎن ِﻋ ْﻨﺪ َﻣﺎ ذﻛﺮت ِﻋﻨْﺪه َأ َﺣﺎ ِدﻳﺚ ﺣﺴﲔ‪َ ،‬ﻓ َﻘﺎ َل ‪ :‬ﻓِﻴﻪ اﺿﻄﺮاب‪ ،‬وﺗﺒﻌﻪ َﻋ َﲆ َذﻟِ َﻚ‬ ‫اﻟ ُﻌ َﻘ ْﻴِ ّﲇ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ َﻗﺎ َل ‪َ :‬ﺿ ِﻌﻴﻒ‪ُ ،‬ﻣ ْﻀ َﻄ ِﺮب ا َْﳊ ِﺪﻳﺚ‪ ،‬ورد ﻋﻠﻴﻪ اﻟ ﱠﺬ َﻫﺒِ ّﻲ ﺑﻘﻮﻟﻪ ‪ :‬وﻗﺪ أورده اﻟ ُﻌ َﻘ ْﻴِ ّﲇ ِﰲ ﻛِ َﺘﺎب اﻟ ﱡﻀ َﻌ َﻔﺎء ﺑﻼ ﻣﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫و َﻣﺎ َﻗﺎ َﻟﻪ َأ ُﺑﻮ ُز ْر َﻋﺔ ﺑﺄﻧﻪ ‪َ :‬ﻟ ْﻴ َﺲ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺄس‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ ‪ :‬ﻫﻮ ﺛﻘﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻧﻈﺮ ‪ :‬اﻟ ﱡﻀ َﻌ َﻔﺎ َء اﻟ َﻜﺒِـﲑ‪ ،‬ﻟﻠ ُﻌ ِﻘـ ْﻴِ ّﲇ‪ ،(269 /1) ،‬وا َْﳉـ ْﺮ َح َواﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﻌـ ِﺪﻳﻞ‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑـ ِﻦ َأ ِﰊ ﺣـﺎﺗﻢ‪ ،(52 /3) ،‬و َﺗـﺎ ِرﻳ َﺦ ا ِﻹ ْﺳـ َﻼم‪ ،‬ﻟﻠـ ﱠﺬ َﻫﺒِ ّﻲ‪،‬‬ ‫)‪.(110/9‬‬ ‫)‪ (1‬ﻫﻮ ﺛِ َﻘ ٌﺔ‪ ،‬إﻻ َﻣﺎ َﻛﺎ َن ﻣﻦ ﺗﺪ ِﻟﻴ ِﺴ ِﻪ وإِ ْر َﺳﺎ ِﻟ ِﻪ‪َ ،‬ﻟﻜِﻦ ﱂ ﻳﺬﻛﺮ أﺣﺪ َأ ﱠﻧ ُﻪ أرﺳﻞ أو دﻟﺲ َﻋﻦ ﻋﻜﺮﻣﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪ْ َ :‬ﲥ ِﺬﻳ َﺐ ا ْﻟ َﻜ َﲈل‪ ،‬ﻟﻠ ِﻤ ﱢﺰ ّي‪ ،(504 /31) ،‬و َ ْﲥ ِﺬﻳ َﺐ اﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﻬ ِﺬﻳﺐ‪ ،‬ﻻﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ‪.(285/9) ،‬‬ ‫)‪َ (2‬ﺻ ِﺤﻴ ُﺢ اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨﺎ ِر ّي ‪ (18) ،(222/1) :‬ﻛِ َﺘﺎ ُب َﺗ ْﻘ ِﺼ ِﲑ اﻟ ﱠﺼ َﻼة‪َ (13) ،‬ﺑﺎ ُب ا َْﳉ ْﻤ ِﻊ ِﰲ اﻟ ﱠﺴ َﻔ ِﺮ َﺑ ْ َﲔ اﳌَْ ْﻐ ِﺮ ِب َوا ْﻟ ِﻌ َﺸﺎ ِء‪.(1107) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ (3‬ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪ :‬اﻷُ ﱠم‪.(582/3) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ (4‬ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪ :‬إِ ْﺣ َﻜﺎ َم ا ْ َﻷ ْﺣ َﻜﺎم َ ْﴍح ُﻋ ْﻤ َﺪة ا َﻷ ْﺣ َﻜﺎ ِم‪.(127/2) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ِ (5‬ﰲ )أ( ِز َﻳﺎ َدة \"إن\" ِﰲ ا َﳊﺎ ِﺷ َﻴ ِﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (6‬إِ ْﺣ َﻜﺎ ُم ا ْﻷَ ْﺣ َﻜﺎم َ ْﴍح ُﻋ ْﻤ َﺪة اﻷَ ْﺣ َﻜﺎ ِم‪.(140/2) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ (7‬ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪ :‬ا ُﳌ َﻬ ﱠﺬ َب‪.(401/1) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ُ (8‬ﻫ َﻮ َﺻﺎ ِﺣﺐ اﻟ ﱠﺸﺎﻓِ ِﻌ ّﻲ‪َ ،‬أ ُﺑﻮ ﻳﻌﻘﻮب‪ ،‬ﻳﻮﺳﻒ ﺑﻦ ﳛﻴﻰ اﻟ ُﺒ َﻮ ْﻳﻄِ ّﻲ‪ ،‬ﻧﺴﺒﺔ إِ َﱃ ُﺑ َﻮ ْﻳﻂ‪ ،‬وﻫﻲ ﻗﺮﻳﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺻﻌﻴﺪ ﻣﴫ اﻷدﻧﻰ‪ُ ،‬ﺗ ُﻮ ﱢ َﰲ ﳏﺒﻮ ًﺳـﺎ‬ ‫ِﰲ ﳏﻨﺔ ﺧﻠﻖ اﻟﻘﺮءان‪َ ،‬ﺳﻨَﺔ ‪231‬ﻫـ‪.‬‬ ‫ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ َﺗ ْﺮ َ َﲨﺘـﻪ ِﰲ ‪َ :‬ﻃ َﺒ َﻘـﺎ ِت ا ْﻟ ُﻔ َﻘ َﻬـﺎء‪ ،‬ﻟﻠﺸـﲑازي‪) ،‬ص ‪ ،(98‬و َﺗـﺎ ِرﻳ ِﺦ َﺑ ْﻐـ َﺪاد‪ ،‬ﻟﻠﺨﻄﻴـ ِﺐ اﻟﺒﻐـﺪادي‪ ،(299 /14) ،‬وا َﻷﻧ َﺴـﺎ ِب‪،‬‬ ‫ِﻟ ْﻠ ﱠﺴ ْﻤ َﻌﺎ ِ ّﲏ‪.(416 /1) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ (9‬ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪ :‬ﺳﻨ َﻦ اﻟ ﱢ ْﱰ ِﻣ ِﺬ ّي‪) ،‬ص‪.(145‬‬ ‫)‪ (10‬ﻋﺒﺎرة \" َو ِﻣ ْﻦ َذ ِﻟ َﻚ َﻣﺎ َﻛ َﺘ َﺒ ُﻪ َﻋ َﲆ ﻗﻮل اﻟ ﱠﺸ ْﻴﺦ ﺗﻘﻲ اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳﻦ‪ ...‬و ُﻫـﻮ َﺻـ ِﺤﻴﺢ ِﻟ ْ َﻸ َﺣﺎ ِدﻳـ ِﺚ اﻟـﻮاردة ﻓِﻴـﻪ\" أﳊﻘـﺖ ِﰲ )أ( َﻋـ َﲆ َﻳ َﺴـﺎ ِر‬ ‫اﻟ ﱠﺼ ْﻔ َﺤ ِﺔ ِﰲ ا َﳊﺎ ِﺷ َﻴ ِﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻦ اﻷﺣﺎدﻳﺚ اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺤﺔ اﻟﻮاردة ﰲ ذﻟﻚ ﻣﺎ أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري ﰲ ﺻﺤﻴﺤﻪ‪ِ (16) ،(210/1) ،‬ﻛ َﺘﺎ ُب ا ْﻟ ُﻜ ُﺴﻮ ِف‪َ (8) ،‬ﺑـﺎ ُب ُﻃـﻮ ِل‬ ‫اﻟ ﱡﺴ ُﺠﻮ ِد ِﰲ ا ْﻟ ُﻜ ُﺴﻮ ِف‪ ،(1051) ،‬ﻣﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ َ ْﳛ َﻴﻰ َﻋ ْﻦ َأ ِﰊ َﺳ َﻠ َﻤ َﺔ َﻋ ْﻦ َﻋ ْﺒ ِﺪ اﷲِ ْﺑ ِﻦ َﻋ ْﻤ ٍﺮو َأ ﱠﻧ ُﻪ َﻗﺎ َل ﳌﱠَـﺎ َﻛ َﺴـ َﻔ ِﺖ اﻟ ﱠﺸـ ْﻤ ُﺲ َﻋـ َﲆ َﻋ ْﻬـ ِﺪ=‬ ‫‪253‬‬

‫َو ِﻣ ْﻦ َذﻟِ َﻚ َﺗ َﻌ ﱡﻘ ُﺒ ُﻪ َﻋ َﲆ َﺻﺎ ِﺣ ِﺐ اﻟ ُﻌ ْﻤ َﺪةِ ِﰲ َﻗ ْﻮﻟِ ِﻪ ِﰲ َز َﻛﺎ ِة اﻟ ِﻔ ْﻄ ِﺮ ِﰲ َﺣ ِﺪﻳ ِﺚ اﺑ ِﻦ ُﻋ َﻤ َﺮ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺳﻴﺎ ِق ﻗﻮ ِل اﺑـﻦ‬ ‫ُﻋ َﻤﺮ ‪َ \" :‬ﻓ َﻌ َﺪ َل اﻟﻨﱠﺎ ُس ﺑِ ِﻪ ﻧِ ْﺼ َﻒ َﺻﺎ ٍع َﻋ َﲆ اﻟ ﱠﺼ ِﻐ ِﲑ َوا ْﻟ َﻜﺒِ ِﲑ\")‪.(2)(1‬‬ ‫َﻗﺎ َل َﺷ ْﻴ ُﺨﻨَﺎ ‪ :‬ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ‪َ :‬ﻋ َﲆ اﻟ ﱠﺼﻐ ِﲑ واﻟ َﻜﺒ ِﲑ ﻟَ ْﻴ َﺲ ِﰲ َوا ِﺣ ٍﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟ َﺼ ِﺤﻴﺤﲔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈن َﻛﺎ َن اﳌُ َﺮا ُد َأ ﱠﻧ ُﻪ ﻣﻦ ﲤَﺎم ﻛـﻼ ِم‬ ‫اﺑ ِﻦ ُﻋ َﻤ َﺮ ﻓﻠﻴﺲ َذﻟِ َﻚ ِﰲ اﻟ َﺼ ِﺤﻴﺤﲔ‪ ،‬وإن َﻛﺎ َن اﳌﺮا ُد أﻧﻪ)‪ (3‬ﳑﱠﺎ)‪َ (4‬ر َوا ُه اﺑ ُﻦ ُﻋ َﻤﺮ َﻋﻦ اﻟ ﱠﻨﺒِ ّﻲ َﺻ ﱠﲆ اﷲُ َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴ ِﻪ َو َﺳ ﱠﻠ َﻢ ﻓﻠـﻴﺲ‬ ‫َذﻟِ َﻚ ِﰲ ﻫﺬه اﻟﺮواﻳﺔ‪ُ ،‬ﺛ ﱠﻢ َﻛﺎ َن ﻳﻨﺒﻐﻲ أن ﻳﺬﻛ َﺮه ﻗﺒﻞ ﻗﻮل اﺑ ِﻦ ُﻋ َﻤﺮ‪َ ،‬واﻟ ﱠﺼ َﻮاب إﺳﻘﺎ ُط ﻫﺬه اﻟﻠﻔﻈﺔ)‪.(5‬‬ ‫َو ِﻣ ْﻦ َذﻟِ َﻚ َأ ﱠﻧ ُﻪ وﻗ َﻊ ِﰲ ﻧﺴﺨﺘﲔ وﺛﺎﻟﺜ ٍﺔ)‪ (6‬ﻣﻦ ُﻧ َﺴ ِﺦ اﻟ ُﻌ ْﻤ َﺪةِ َﻋﻦ َﺣ ِﺪﻳ ِﺚ َﻋﺎﺋِ َﺸ َﺔ ‪َ \" :‬ﻣ ْﻦ َﻣﺎ َت َو َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴ ِﻪ َﺻ ْﻮ ٌم‪،‬‬ ‫َﺻﺎ َم َﻋﻨ ُﻪ َوﻟِ ﱡﻴ ُﻪ\"‪َ ،‬ﻟ ْﻴ َﺲ َﻫ َﺬا ا َْﳊ ِﺪﻳﺚ ﳑﱠﺎ اﺗﻔﻖ)‪ (7‬اﻟ ﱠﺸ ْﻴﺨﺎن َﻋ َﲆ إِ ْﺧ َﺮا ِﺟﻪ)‪.(8‬‬ ‫َﻗﺎ َل َﺷ ْﻴ ُﺨ َﻨﺎ اﻟ َﻮاﻟِﺪ َر ِ َﴈ اﷲُ َﻋ ْﻨ ُﻪ ‪ُ :‬ﻫ َﻮ َو ْﻫ ٌﻢ ﻣ َﻦ اﻟ ﱡﻨ ﱠﺴﺎ ِخ‪َ ،‬و َﺻ َﻮا ُب َﺣ ْﺬ ِف َﻟ ْﻔ َﻈﺔ َﻟ ْﻴ َﺲ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈ ﱠن ا َْﳊ ِﺪﻳ َﺚ ﳑﱠـﺎ‬ ‫اﺗﻔ َﻖ ‪/47‬أ اﻟ ﱠﺸ ْﻴﺨﺎن َﻋ َﲆ إِ ْﺧ َﺮا ِﺟ ِﻪ)‪ ،(9‬وﻟﻮ ﻛﺎﻧ ْﺖ ﺛﺎﺑﺘ ًﺔ ﻟ َﻜﺎ َن ﻳﻌ ُﲔ اﻟ ﱠﺸ ْﻴ ُﺦ ﻣﻦ اﻧﻔﺮ َد ﺑﻪ ﻣﻦ اﻟ ﱠﺸ ْﻴﺨﲔ‪ ،‬وإ ﱠﻧ َﲈ َﳌﺎ َﻗﺎ َل‬ ‫ا َْﳊﺎﻓِ ُﻆ َﻋ ْﺒ ُﺪ اﻟ َﻐﻨِ ّﻲ ‪\" :‬و َأ ْﺧ َﺮ َﺟ ُﻪ أﺑﻮ)‪ (10‬داوود\")‪َ ،(12)(11‬أ َرا َد اﻟ ﱠﺸ ْﻴﺦ)‪ (13‬أن ﻳﺒ َﲔ َأ ﱠﻧ ُﻪ ِﰲ اﻟ َﺼ ِﺤﻴﺤﲔ‪.‬‬ ‫= َر ُﺳﻮ ِل اﷲِ َﺻ ﱠﲆ ا ُﷲ َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴ ِﻪ َو َﺳ ﱠﻠ َﻢ ُﻧﻮ ِد َي إِ ﱠن اﻟ ﱠﺼ َﻼ َة َﺟﺎ ِﻣ َﻌ ٌﺔ َﻓ َﺮ َﻛ َﻊ اﻟ ﱠﻨﺒِ ﱡﻲ َﺻ ﱠﲆ ا ُﷲ َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴ ِﻪ َو َﺳـ ﱠﻠ َﻢ َر ْﻛ َﻌ َﺘـ ْ ِﲔ ِﰲ َﺳـ ْﺠ َﺪ ٍة‪ُ ،‬ﺛـ ﱠﻢ َﻗـﺎ َم َﻓ َﺮ َﻛـ َﻊ‬ ‫َر ْﻛ َﻌ َﺘ ْ ِﲔ ِﰲ َﺳ ْﺠ َﺪ ٍة‪ُ ،‬ﺛ ﱠﻢ َﺟ َﻠ َﺲ ُﺛ ﱠﻢ ُﺟ ﱢ َﲇ َﻋ ِﻦ اﻟ ﱠﺸ ْﻤ ِﺲ‪َ ،‬ﻗﺎ َل‪َ :‬و َﻗﺎ َﻟ ْﺖ َﻋﺎ ِﺋ َﺸ ُﺔ َر ِ َﴈ اﷲُ َﻋ ْﻨ َﻬﺎ ‪َ :‬ﻣﺎ َﺳ َﺠ ْﺪ ُت ُﺳ ُﺠﻮ ًدا َﻗ ﱡﻂ َﻛﺎ َن َأ ْﻃ َﻮ َل ِﻣ ْﻨ َﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ُ (1‬ﻋ ْﻤ َﺪ ُة ا َﻷ ْﺣ َﻜﺎ ِم‪) ،‬ص‪.(130 ،129‬‬ ‫)‪َ (2‬ﺻ ِﺤﻴ ُﺢ اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨﺎ ِر ّي ‪ (24) ،(306/1) :‬ﻛِ َﺘﺎب اﻟ ﱠﺰ َﻛﺎ ِة‪َ (77) ،‬ﺑﺎ ُب َﺻ َﺪ َﻗ ِﺔ ا ْﻟ ِﻔ ْﻄ ِﺮ َﻋ َﲆ ا ُْﳊ ﱢﺮ َوا َْﳌ ْﻤ ُﻠﻮ ِك‪ ،(1511) ،‬ﺑﺎﻟ ﱠﻠ ْﻔﻆ اﻟﺬي‬ ‫ذﻛﺮه اﺑ ُﻦ َدﻗﻴﻖ اﻟ ِﻌﻴ ِﺪ‪ ،‬وا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ رﻗﻢ ‪َ ،(1504) :‬ﺻ ِﺤﻴ ُﺢ ُﻣ ْﺴ ِﻠﻢ ‪ِ (12) :‬ﻛ َﺘﺎب اﻟ ﱠﺰ َﻛﺎ ِة‪َ (4) ،‬ﺑﺎ ُب َز َﻛﺎ ِة ا ْﻟ ِﻔ ْﻄ ِﺮ َﻋ َﲆ ا ُْﳌ ْﺴـﻠِ ِﻤ َﲔ ِﻣـ َﻦ‬ ‫اﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﻤ ِﺮ َواﻟ ﱠﺸ ِﻌ ِﲑ‪ ،(984/12) ،‬ﻛﻼﳘﺎ ِﻣ ْﻦ َﻃ ِﺮﻳ ِﻖ َأ ﱡﻳﻮب‪َ ،‬ﻋﻦ َﻧﺎﻓِ ٍﻊ‪َ ،‬ﻋﻦ ا ْﺑ ِﻦ ُﻋ َﻤ َﺮ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ِ (3‬ﰲ )ب( \"ﺑﻪ\"‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ِ (4‬ﰲ )ب( \"ﻛ َﲈ\"‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (5‬ﻟﻌﻞ اﺑﻦ دﻗﻴﻖ اﻟﻌﻴﺪ ﻳﻘﺼﺪ َﻣﺎ َر َوا ُه اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨﺎ ِر ّي ﻋﻦ ﻧﺎﻓﻊ ‪َ \" :‬ﻓ َﻜﺎ َن ا ْﺑ ُﻦ ُﻋ َﻤ َﺮ ُﻳ ْﻌﻄِﻲ َﻋﻦ اﻟ ﱠﺼ ِﻐ ِﲑ َوا ْﻟ َﻜﺒِ ِﲑ\"‪.‬‬ ‫َﺻ ِﺤﻴ ُﺢ اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨﺎ ِر ّي ‪.(306/1) :‬‬ ‫)‪ (6‬ﻛﻠﻤﺔ \"ﺛﺎﻟﺜﺔ\" ﺳﺎﻗﻄﺔ ﻣﻦ )ب(‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (7‬ﻛﺘﺐ ﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ \"ﻋﻠﻴﻪ\" ُﺛ ﱠﻢ ﴐب ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺑﻮﺿﻊ ﺣﺮف اﻟﺼﺎد ﻓﻮﻗﻬﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ُ (8‬ﻋ ْﻤ َﺪ ُة اﻷَ ْﺣ َﻜﺎ ِم‪) ،‬ص‪ ،(137‬وﻫﺬه اﻟﻌﺒﺎرة اﻟﺰاﺋﺪة َﻏ ْﲑ ﻣﻮﺟﻮدة ِﰲ اﳌﻄﺒﻮع‪ ،‬وﱂ ﻧﻮه ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ اﳌﺤﻘ ُﻖ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻌﻠﻪ ﱂ ﻳ ﱠﻄﻠ ْﻊ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (9‬ﻋﺒﺎرة \" َﻗﺎ َل َﺷ ْﻴ ُﺨﻨَﺎ اﻟ َﻮاﻟِﺪ َر ِ َﴈ اﷲُ َﻋﻨْ ُﻪ ‪ُ :‬ﻫ َﻮ وﻫ ٌﻢ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﺴﺎخ‪ ،‬وﺻﻮاب ﺣﺬف َﻟ ْﻔ َﻈﺔ ﻟﻴﺲ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈن ا َْﳊ ِﺪﻳﺚ ﳑﱠﺎ اﺗﻔﻖ اﻟ ﱠﺸـ ْﻴﺨﺎن‬ ‫َﻋ َﲆ إﺧﺮاﺟﻪ\" ﺳﺎﻗﻄﺔ ﻣﻦ )ب(‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ِ (10‬ﰲ )أ( \"أﺑﻮا\" ﺧﻄﺄ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ُ (11‬ﺳﻨَ ُﻦ َأ ِﰊ َدا ُو ِد ‪) :‬ص‪ (8) ،(421‬ﻛِ َﺘﺎ ُب اﻟ ﱠﺼ ْﻮ ِم‪َ (41) ،‬ﺑﺎ ُب ﻓِﻴ َﻤ ْﻦ َﻣﺎ َت َو َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴ ِﻪ ِﺻ َﻴﺎ ٌم‪ ،(2402) ،‬وا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ رﻗﻢ ‪.(3313) :‬‬ ‫واﳊﺪﻳﺚ إﺳﻨﺎده ﺻﺤﻴﺢ؛ ﻷن ﲨﻴﻊ رواﺗﻪ ﺛﻘﺎت‪ ،‬وﺻﺤﺢ اﻹﺳﻨﺎد اﻟﺸﻴﺦ اﻷﻟﺒﺎﲏ ﰲ ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻘﻪ ﻋﲆ اﳊﺪﻳﺚ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ُ (12‬ﻋ ْﻤ َﺪ ُة ا َﻷ ْﺣ َﻜﺎ ِم‪) ،‬ص‪.(137‬‬ ‫)‪ (13‬ﻛﻠﻤﺔ \"اﻟ ﱠﺸ ْﻴﺦ\" ﺳﺎﻗﻄﺔ ﻣﻦ )ب(‪.‬‬ ‫‪254‬‬

‫َو ِﻣ ْﻦ َذﻟِ َﻚ َﻣﺎ َﻛ َﺘ َﺒ ُﻪ َﻋ َﲆ ﻗﻮ ِل ا َْﳊﺎﻓِ ِﻆ َﻋ ْﺒ ِﺪ اﻟ َﻐﻨِ ﱢﻲ اﳌﻘﺪ ﱢﳼ َﺻﺎ ِﺣ ِﺐ اﻟ ُﻌ ْﻤ َﺪةِ ‪\" :‬و ُﳌِ ْﺴـﻠِ ٍﻢ َﻋـﻦ أﰊ َﺳـ ِﻌﻴ ٍﺪ ‪:‬‬ ‫\" َﻓ َﺄ ﱡﻳ ُﻜ ْﻢ َأ َرا َد َأ ْن ُﻳ َﻮا ِﺻ َﻞ َﻓ ْﻠ ُﻴ َﻮا ِﺻ ْﻞ إِ َﱃ اﻟ ﱠﺴ َﺤ ِﺮ\"\")‪.(1‬‬ ‫َﻗﺎ َل َﺷ ْﻴ ُﺨ َﻨﺎ اﻟ َﻮاﻟِ ُﺪ َر ِ َﴈ اﷲُ َﻋ ْﻨ ُﻪ ‪َ :‬ﺣ ِﺪﻳﺚ أﰊ َﺳ ِﻌﻴ ٍﺪ َﻟ ْﻴ َﺲ ُﻫ َﻮ ِﰲ ُﻣ ْﺴﻠِ ٍﻢ‪ ،‬وإﻧ َﲈ ُﻫ َﻮ ِﰲ اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨﺎ ِر ّي ِﰲ ﺑـﺎ ِب‬ ‫اﻟﻮﺻﺎل إِ َﱃ اﻟ ﱠﺴ َﺤ ِﺮ‪َ ،‬أ ْﺧ َﺮ َﺟ ُﻪ ﻣﻦ َﺣ ِﺪﻳ ِﺚ َﻋ ْﺒ ِﺪ ا ِﷲ ْﺑ ِﻦ َﺧ ﱠﺒﺎ ٍب‪َ ،‬ﻋﻦ َأ ِﰊ َﺳ ِﻌﻴﺪ ا ُْﳋ ْﺪ ِر ﱢي‪َ ،‬أ ﱠﻧ ُﻪ َﺳ ِﻤ َﻊ َر ُﺳﻮ َل اﷲِ َﺻـ ﱠﲆ‬ ‫ا ُﷲ َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴ ِﻪ َو َﺳ ﱠﻠ َﻢ َﻳ ُﻘﻮ ُل ‪َ \" :‬ﻻ ُﺗ َﻮا ِﺻ ُﻠﻮا‪َ ،‬ﻓ َﺄ ﱡﻳ ُﻜ ْﻢ إِ َذا َأ َرا َد َأ ْن ُﻳ َﻮا ِﺻ َﻞ َﻓ ْﻠ ُﻴ َﻮا ِﺻ ْﻞ َﺣ ﱠﺘﻰ اﻟ ﱠﺴ َﺤ ِﺮ‪َ ،‬ﻗﺎ ُﻟﻮا ‪َ :‬ﻓﺈِ ﱠﻧ َﻚ ُﺗ َﻮا ِﺻـ ُﻞ‬ ‫َﻳﺎ َر ُﺳﻮ َل اﷲِ َﻗﺎ َل ‪ :‬إِ ﱢﲏ َﻟ ْﺴ ُﺖ َﻛ َﻬ ْﻴ َﺌﺘِ ُﻜ ْﻢ‪ ،‬إِ ﱢﲏ َأﺑِﻴ ُﺖ ِﱄ ُﻣ ْﻄ ِﻌ ٌﻢ ُﻳ ْﻄ ِﻌ ُﻤﻨِﻲ َو َﺳﺎ ٍق)‪َ (3)(2‬ﻳ ْﺴ ِﻘ ِﲔ)‪ .(5)\"(4‬اﻧﺘﻬﻰ‪.‬‬ ‫وﻗﺪ ذﻛﺮه َﻋ ْﺒ ُﺪ ا َﳊ ﱢﻖ ِﰲ ا ْﻷَ ْﺣ َﻜﺎ ِم َﻓﻨَ َﺴ َﺒ ُﻪ ﻟﻠ ُﺒ َﺨﺎ ِر ّي)‪ ،(6‬وﻛ َﺬﻟِ َﻚ اﻟ ﱢﻀ َﻴﺎ ُء ِﰲ َأ ْﺣ َﻜﺎ ِﻣ ِﻪ)‪ ،(7‬وﻏ ُﲑ َﳘﺎ‪ ،‬وﱂ أﻗ ْﻒ‬ ‫أﻗ ْﻒ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ِﰲ ﻧﺴﺨﺘﻲ ﻣﻦ ا َﳉ ْﻤ ِﻊ ﺑﲔ اﻟ َﺼ ِﺤﻴﺤﲔ ﻟﻠ ُﺤ َﻤ ْﻴ ِﺪ ّي‪ ،‬ﻻ ِﰲ ا ُﳌ ﱠﺘ َﻔ ِﻖ َﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬وﻻ ِﰲ اﻷﻓﺮادِ ﻣـﻦ)‪ (8‬ﻣﺴـﻨ ِﺪ أﰊ‬ ‫َﺳ ِﻌﻴﺪ اﳋﺪري)‪.(9‬‬ ‫َو ِﻣ ْﻦ َذﻟِ َﻚ َﻣﺎ َﻛﺘَ َﺒ ُﻪ َﻋ َﲆ َﺣ ِﺪﻳ ِﺚ َﻋﺎﺋِ َﺸ َﺔ أن اﻟ ﱠﻨﺒِ ﱠﻲ َﺻ ﱠﲆ اﷲُ َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴ ِﻪ َو َﺳ ﱠﻠ َﻢ‪َ ،‬ﻗﺎ َل ‪َ َ \" :‬ﲢ ﱠﺮ ْوا ﻟَﻴْ َﻠ َﺔ اﻟ َﻘ ْﺪ ِر ِﰲ اﻟ ِﻮ ْﺗ ِﺮ ِﻣـ َﻦ‬ ‫اﻟ َﻌ ْ ِﴩ اﻷ َوا ِﺧ ِﺮ\")‪َ ،(10‬ﻗﺎ َل َﺷﻴْ ُﺨﻨَﺎ ‪َ :‬ﺣ ِﺪﻳ ُﺚ َﻋﺎﺋِ َﺸ َﺔ َﲠ َﺬا اﻟ ﱠﻠ ْﻔـ ِﻆ ﻣـﻦ أﻓـﺮا ِد اﻟﺒُ َﺨـﺎ ِر ّي‪ ،‬وإ ﱠﻧـ َﲈ ا ﱠﻟـ ِﺬي ِﰲ ُﻣ ْﺴـ ِﻠ ٍﻢ َﻋﻨﻬـﺎ ‪:‬‬ ‫\" َ َﲢ ﱠﺮ ْوا َﻟ ْﻴ َﻠ َﺔ ا ْﻟ َﻘ ْﺪ ِر ِﰲ اﻟْ َﻌ ْ ِﴩ ا ْﻷَ َوا ِﺧ ِﺮ ِﻣ ْﻦ َر َﻣ َﻀﺎ َن\")‪ ،(11‬و َﱂْ ُﻳ َﻨﺒﱢ ْﻪ اﻟ ﱠﺸﺎ ِر ُح َﻋ َﲆ َذ ِﻟ َﻚ‪ ،‬وﻗﺪ ﻧﺒﻬﺖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ِﰲ ﻧﺒـﺪة اﻟﻌـﺪة ِﰲ‬ ‫وﻫ ِﻢ َﻋ ْﺒ ِﺪ اﻟ َﻐﻨِ ّﻲ ِﰲ اﻟ ُﻌ ْﻤ َﺪة‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ُ (1‬ﻋ ْﻤ َﺪ ُة اﻷَ ْﺣ َﻜﺎ ِم‪) ،‬ص‪.(139‬‬ ‫)‪ِ (2‬ﰲ )أ( \"ﴎق\" ﺧﻄﺄ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ِ (3‬ﰲ )أ( ِز َﻳﺎ َدة \"و\" ﺧﻄﺄ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ِ (4‬ﰲ ﻛﻼ اﻟﻨﺴﺨﺘﲔ \"ﻳﺴﻘﻴﻨﻲ\" ﺧﻄﺄ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (5‬و ُﻫﻮ ﻛ َﲈ َﻗﺎ َل اﻟ ُﺒ ْﻠ ِﻘﻴﻨِ ّﻲ‪ ،‬راﺟﻊ ‪َ :‬ﺻ ِﺤﻴ َﺢ اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨﺎ ِر ّي ‪ (30) ،(392/1) :‬ﻛِ َﺘﺎ ُب اﻟ ﱠﺼ ْﻮ ِم‪َ (50) ،‬ﺑﺎ ُب ا ْﻟ ِﻮ َﺻﺎ ِل إِ َﱃ اﻟ ﱠﺴ َﺤ ِﺮ‪،(1963) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ ،(1963‬ﻣﻦ ﻃﺮﻳ ِﻖ َﻳ ِﺰﻳ َﺪ ْﺑ ِﻦ َﻋ ْﺒﺪ ا ِﷲ ْﺑ ِﻦ ا َﳍﺎ ِد‪َ ،‬ﻋ ْﻦ َﻋ ْﺒـ ِﺪ ا ِﷲ ْﺑـ ِﻦ َﺧ ﱠﺒـﺎ ٍب‪َ ،‬ﻋـ ْﻦ َأ ِﰊ َﺳـ ِﻌﻴ ٍﺪ ا ُﳋـ ْﺪ ِر ﱢي َر ِ َﴈ ا ُﷲ َﻋ ْﻨـ ُﻪ‪ ،‬وا ْﻧ ُﻈـ ْﺮ رﻗـﻢ ‪:‬‬ ‫)‪.(1967‬‬ ‫)‪ (6‬ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪ :‬ا ْ َﻷ ْﺣ َﻜﺎ َم اﻟﴩﻋﻴﺔ اﻟﺼﻐﺮى‪.(387/1) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ (7‬اﻟﺴﻨ ُﻦ وا ْ َﻷ ْﺣ َﻜﺎم ﻋﻦ اﳌﺼﻄﻔﻰ‪.(438/3) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ِ (8‬ﰲ )ب( \" ِﰲ\"‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (9‬وﱂ أﻗﻒ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ِﰲ اﳉﻤﻊ ﺑﲔ اﻟ ﱠﺼ ِﺤﻴﺤﲔ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪َ (10‬ﺻ ِﺤﻴ ُﺢ اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨﺎ ِر ّي ‪ (32) ،(402/1) :‬ﻛِ َﺘﺎ ُب َﻓ ْﻀ ِﻞ َﻟ ْﻴ َﻠ ِﺔ اﻟ َﻘ ْﺪ ِر‪َ (3) ،‬ﺑﺎ ُب َ َﲢـ ﱢﺮي َﻟ ْﻴ َﻠـ ِﺔ ا ْﻟ َﻘـ ْﺪ ِر ِﰲ ا ْﻟـ ِﻮ ْﺗ ِﺮ ِﻣـ َﻦ ا ْﻟ َﻌ ْ ِﴩـ ا ْﻷَ َوا ِﺧـ ِﺮ‪،‬‬ ‫)‪.(2017‬‬ ‫)‪َ (11‬ﺻ ِﺤﻴ ُﺢ ُﻣ ْﺴ ِﻠﻢ ‪) :‬ص‪ (13) ،(455‬ﻛِ َﺘﺎ ُب اﻟ ﱢﺼ َﻴﺎ ِم‪َ (40) ،‬ﺑﺎ ُب َﻓ ْﻀ ِﻞ َﻟ ْﻴ َﻠ ِﺔ ا ْﻟ َﻘ ْﺪ ِر‪َ ،‬وا َْﳊ ﱢﺚ َﻋـ َﲆ َﻃ َﻠﺒِ َﻬـﺎ‪َ ،‬و َﺑ َﻴـﺎ ِن َ ِﳏ ﱢﻠ َﻬـﺎ‪َ ،‬و َأ ْر َﺟـﻰ‬ ‫َأ ْو َﻗﺎ ِت َﻃ َﻠﺒِ َﻬﺎ‪.(1169 /219) ،‬‬ ‫وﻛ َﺬ ِﻟ َﻚ ﻫﻨﺎك ﻟﻔﻆ آﺧﺮ ِﻋﻨْﺪ ُﻣ ْﺴ ِﻠ ٍﻢ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ‪َ َ \" :‬ﲢ ﱠﺮ ْوا َﻟ ْﻴ َﻠ َﺔ ا ْﻟ َﻘ ْﺪ ِر ِﰲ اﻟ ﱠﺴ ْﺒ ِﻊ ا َﻷ َوا ِﺧ ِﺮ\"‪.‬‬ ‫‪255‬‬

‫وﻛﺘ َﺐ َﻋ َﲆ ﻗﻮ ِل اﻟ ﱠﺸﺎ ِر ِح ‪\" :‬إﻧﻪ)‪ (1‬ﻳـﺪ ﱡل َﻋـ َﲆ َﻣـﺎ َد ﱠل ﻋﻠﻴـﻪ ا َْﳊـ ِﺪﻳ ُﺚ ﻗﺒﻠـﻪ)‪ (2‬ﻣـﻊ ِز َﻳـﺎ َد ِة اﻻﺧﺘﺼـﺎص‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻮﺗﺮ\")‪ ،(3‬ﻋﺠﺐ ﻣﻦ اﻟ ﱠﺸﺎ ِر ِح َﻛ ْﻴ َﻒ َﻳ ُﺪ ﱡل َﻋ َﲆ َﻣﺎ دل ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ا َْﳊ ِﺪﻳ ُﺚ ﻗﺒﻠﻪ‪ ،‬وا َْﳊ ِﺪﻳﺚ ﻗﺒﻠﻪ ﻳﺪل َﻋ َﲆ اﻟﺘ َﲈس اﻟﺴﺒﻊ‪،‬‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺒﻊ‪ ،‬و َﻫ َﺬا َﻋ َﲆ اﻟﺘ َﲈس اﻟﻮﺗﺮ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ)‪ (4‬ﺑﺰﻳﺎدة اﻻﺧﺘﺼﺎص ﺑﺎﻟﻮﺗﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫َو ِﻣ ْﻦ َذﻟِ َﻚ َﻣﺎ َﻛ َﺘ َﺒ ُﻪ َﻋ َﲆ ﻗﻮ ِل اﻟ ﱠﺸ ْﻴ ِﺦ َﺗ ِﻘ ﱢﻲ اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳ ِﻦ ِﰲ َﺣ ِﺪﻳ ِﺚ اﺑ ِﻦ َﻋ ﱢﺒﺎس)‪ِ (5‬ﰲ اﳌﻴﻘـﺎ ِت اﳌﻜـﺎ ّﲏ ا ﱠﻟـ ِﺬي ﻓِﻴـﻪ‬ ‫ﺣﺘﻰ َأ ْﻫ ُﻞ َﻣ ﱠﻜ َﺔ ﻣﻦ َﻣ ﱠﻜﺔ‪ .‬اﻟﺘﺎﺳﻊ)‪\" : (6‬ﻳﻘﺘﴤ أ ﱠن َأ ْﻫ َﻞ َﻣ ﱠﻜﺔ ُ ْﳛ ِﺮ ُﻣﻮن ﻣﻦ َﻣ ﱠﻜﺔ‪ ،‬و ُﻫ َﻮ ﳐﺼﻮص ﺑﺎﻹﺣﺮام ِﰲ اﳊﺞ‪،‬‬ ‫اﳊﺞ‪ ،‬ﻓﻤﻦ أﺣﺮم ﺑﺎﻟ ُﻌ ْﻤ َﺮة ﳑﻦ ُﻫ َﻮ ﻣﻦ َﻣ ﱠﻜﺔ ﳛﺮم ﻣﻦ أدﻧﻰ اﳊﻞ\")‪.(7‬‬ ‫َﻗﺎ َل َﺷ ْﻴ ُﺨﻨَﺎ ‪ :‬ﱂ ﻳﺒ ْﲔ اﻟ ﱠﺸﺎ ِر ُح اﻟﺪﻻﻟﺔ َﻋ َﲆ اﻟﺘﺨﺼﻴﺺ‪ ،‬وﻟﻴﺲ ِﰲ َأ ْﻣ ِﺮ اﻟﻨﱠﺒِ ﱢﻲ َﺻ ﱠﲆ ا ُﷲ َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴ ِﻪ َو َﺳـ ﱠﻠ َﻢ َﻋ ْﺒـﺪ‬ ‫اﻟ ﱠﺮ ْ َﲪﻦ ﺑﻦ أﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ أن ﳛﺮ َم ﺑﺄﺧﺘﻪ َﻋﺎﺋِ َﺸ َﺔ َر ِ َﴈ ا ُﷲ َﻋ ْﻨ ُﻬ َﲈ ﻣﻦ اﻟ ﱠﺘﻨْ ِﻌﻴ ِﻢ)‪َ (9)(8‬ﻣﺎ ﻳﺪ ﱡل َﻋ َﲆ اﻟﺘﺨﺼﻴﺺ‪ ،‬وﻟ َﺬﻟِ َﻚ ﻛـﻮن‬ ‫)‪ (1‬أي َﺣ ِﺪﻳﺚ َﻋﺎﺋِ َﺸﺔ اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪(ُ 2‬ﻣَاْﺻﺴ َْـﳊِﺤ ِﻠِﻴﺪﻳﻢُﺢ‪ُ:‬اﺚﻟ)ُﺒﻫَ‪3‬ﺨﻮﺎ‪:ِ 1‬ر( ّ\"يﻛِ َأَﺘ َ‪:‬رـﺎ)ىُ‪1‬بُراْ‪/‬ؤﻟ َﻳ‪2‬ﱢﺎﺼُﻛ‪0‬ـ َْﻴﻢ‪4‬ﺎ(َِﻗم‪،ْ،‬ﺪ) َ)ﺗ َ‪2‬ﻮ‪0‬ا‪َ43‬ﻃ((َﺄ َﺑﻛِْـَﺘتﺎﺎ ِ ُُﰲببا ََﻓﻟﻓ ﱠْْﺴﻀْﻀﺒـ ِِﻊﻞِﻞاَﻟ َْْﻟﻴ ْﻴََﻷﻠ َﻠَِﺔوـااِﺔﻟِﺧَاﻘ ِْﻟْﺮﺪَﻘ‪ِ ،‬ـر َﻓْ‪،‬ﺪ َﻤِر) ْ‪،‬ﻦ‪(َ 2‬و َﻛا َﺑﺎﺎَْ َﳊن ُـ ُﻣب َﺘﱢاﺚْﻟَﺤﺘِ ََﱢﻋﺮﲈـَ ََﳞﺎﲆِس َﻓَﻟ َْﻠﻃْﻴ َﻴَﻠَﻠ َﺘﺒِِﺔ َ َﻬاﺤـْﻟﱠﺎﺮَﻘ‪َْ،‬ﻫﺪﺎَوِرَِﺑ َِﻴﰲـﰲﺎاﻟا ِنﻟﱠﺴَﱠ ْﺒِﺴﳏ ْﺒﱢﻠِﻊ َِﻊﻬا ْـا ْﺎﻷَ‪َ،‬ﻷَو َاَوواَِأﺧِْرِﺧﺮ َِﺮ\"ﺟ‪.،‬ـ)ﻰ‪َ5‬أ ْ‪1‬و َﻗ‪0‬ـﺎ‪(ِ 2‬ت‪،‬‬ ‫َﺻ ِﺤﻴ ُﺢ‬ ‫)‪ِ ،(1165/205‬ﻣ ْﻦ َﻃ ِﺮﻳ ِﻖ َﻣﺎﻟِﻚ َﻋﻦ َﻧﺎﻓِ ٍﻊ َﻋﻦ ا ْﺑ ِﻦ ُﻋ َﻤ َﺮ َر ِ َﴈ ا ُﷲ َﻋﻨْ ُﻬ َﲈ‪.‬‬ ‫َﻃ َﻠﺒِ َﻬـﺎ‪،‬‬ ‫)‪ (3‬إِ ْﺣ َﻜﺎ ُم ا ْﻷَ ْﺣ َﻜﺎم َ ْﴍح ُﻋ ْﻤ َﺪة اﻷَ ْﺣ َﻜﺎ ِم‪.(250/2) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ (4‬ﻛﺘﺒﺖ ﺑﺪاﻳﺔ ِﰲ )أ( \"ﻋﲆ\"‪ُ ،‬ﺛ ﱠﻢ اﻛﻤﻠﺖ \"ﻋﻠﻴﻪ\"‪.‬‬ ‫)‪َ (5‬ﻗﺎ َل اﺑ ُﻦ ﻋﺒﺎس ‪\" :‬إِ ﱠن اﻟﻨﱠﺒِ ﱠﻲ َﺻ ﱠﲆ اﷲُ َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴ ِﻪ َو َﺳ ﱠﻠ َﻢ َو ﱠﻗ َﺖ ِ َﻷ ْﻫ ِﻞ ا َﳌْ ِﺪﻳﻨَﺔ َذا ا ُْﳊ َﻠ ْﻴ َﻔ ِﺔ‪َ ،‬و ِ َﻷ ْﻫ ِﻞ اﻟ ﱠﺸﺎم ا ُْﳉ ْﺤ َﻔ َﺔ‪َ ،‬و ِﻷَ ْﻫ ِﻞ َﻧ ْﺠ ٍﺪ َﻗـ ْﺮ َن ا َْﳌ َﻨـﺎ ِز ِل‪،‬‬ ‫َو ِ َﻷ ْﻫ ِﻞ ا ْﻟ َﻴ َﻤ ِﻦ َﻳ َﻠ ْﻤ َﻠ َﻢ‪َ ،‬ﻓ ُﻬ ﱠﻦ َُﳍ ﱠﻦ َو َﳌِ ْﻦ َأ َﺗﻰ َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴ ِﻬ ﱠﻦ ِﻣ ْﻦ َﻏ ْ ِﲑ َأ ْﻫﻠِ ِﻬ ﱠﻦ ﳌَِ ْﻦ َﻛﺎ َن ُﻳ ِﺮﻳ ُﺪ ا َْﳊ ﱠﺞ َوا ْﻟ ُﻌ ْﻤ َﺮ َة‪َ ،‬ﻓ َﻤ ْﻦ َﻛﺎ َن ُدو َﳖُ ﱠﻦ َﻓ ُﻤ َﻬ ﱡﻠ ُﻪ ِﻣ ْﻦ َأ ْﻫﻠِ ِﻪ‪َ ،‬و َﻛ َﺬا َك‬ ‫َﺣ ﱠﺘ َﻰﺻ َأ ِْﻫﺤﻴُﻞ ُﺢَﻣا ﱠﻟﻜ ُﺒَﺔ َ ُﺨﳞِﺎ ﱡﻠِرﻮ ّيَن‪ِ:‬ﻣ ْﻨ) َﻬ‪1‬ﺎ\"‪ِ (25) ،(308./‬ﻛ َﺘﺎ ُب ا َْﳊـ ﱢﺞ‪َ (7) ،‬ﺑـﺎ ُب ُﻣ َﻬـ ﱢﻞ َأ ْﻫـ ِﻞ َﻣ ﱠﻜـﺔ ِﻟ ْﻠ َﺤـ ﱢﺞ َوا ْﻟ ُﻌ ْﻤـ ِﺮة‪ ،(1524) ،‬وا ْﻧ ُﻈـ ْﺮ ا ْ َﻷ ْر َﻗـﺎم ‪:‬‬ ‫)‪َ ،(1845 ،1530 ،1529 ،1526‬ﺻـ ِﺤﻴ ُﺢ ُﻣ ْﺴـﻠِﻢ ‪) :‬ص‪ (15) ،(461‬ﻛِ َﺘـﺎب ا َْﳊـ ﱢﺞ‪َ (2) ،‬ﺑـﺎ ُب َﻣ َﻮا ِﻗﻴـ ِﺖ ا َْﳊـ ﱢﺞ َوا ْﻟ ُﻌ ْﻤـ ِﺮة‪،‬‬ ‫)‪ ،(1181/12‬ﻛﻼﳘﺎ ِﻣ ْﻦ َﻃ ِﺮﻳ ِﻖ َﻋ ْﺒﺪ ا ِﷲ ْﺑ ِﻦ َﻃﺎ ُو ٍس‪َ ،‬ﻋﻦ َأﺑِﻴ ِﻪ‪َ ،‬ﻋﻦ ا ْﺑ ِﻦ َﻋ ﱠﺒﺎ ٍس َر ِ َﴈ اﷲُ َﻋ ْﻨ ُﻬ َﲈ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ِ (6‬ﰲ اﻟﴩح \"اﻟﺘﺎﺳﻊ\"‪ ،‬و ُﻫﻮ اﻷﺻﺢ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﻳﺬﻛﺮ اﳌﺴﺎﺋﻞ ِﰲ اﳌﻮاﻗﻴﺖ‪ ،‬وﻫﻲ ﻣﺆﻧﺜﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑـﻨﻔﺲ‬ ‫اﻷول\"‬ ‫\"ﺻـﻮاب‬ ‫ﺑﺠﻮارﻫـﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺐ‬ ‫ُﺛ ﱠﻢ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻌﻤﻴﻢ\"‪،‬‬ ‫\"ﺻﻮاب‬ ‫ا َﳊﺎ ِﺷ َﻴ ِﺔ‬ ‫ِﰲ‬ ‫إِﻫ ْﺣﻲ َﻜﺎﻛ َُمﺬاﻟِ ْ ََﻷﻚ ْﺣِ َﰲﻜﺎ)م َب ْ(ﴍوحﻟ ُﻋﻜ ْﻤﻦ َﺪةﻛﺘاﻷَﺐ ْﺣ َﻋ ََﻜﺎﲆ ِمَﻳ‪َ ،‬ﺴ)ﺎ ِ‪3‬ر ا‪/‬ﻟ‪7‬ﱠﺼ( ْ‪.‬ﻔ َﺤ ِﺔ‬ ‫)‪(7‬‬ ‫)‪(8‬‬ ‫اﳋﻂ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪9‬اَ(ﻣﻟ ﱠﺘُﱠﻜﻨْﻫﺔَِﻌﻮﻴ ََﻋوِﻢَا‪ٍ ،‬ﲆدﻓَِﻗَﻴَﺧﱠﺘﺮﺎا َﺑِِرﺠِﺔ َُﻪ‪،‬ج َاوﺷ َإَْﲈﻧﳊًََﲈﺮﻻ ِم ُُﺳَِﻣﳏ ﱢﺎﻤْﻦِذ ًَﻳﻲاﺎﻟااﱠﻟﻟﱠﺸﺘ َﻨْﲈﱠﻄ ِﻌِ ِﺮﻴلﻳ‪َُ،‬ﻢﺑﻖ اﻷْﻟﲔ ﱠَﻌنﺎﻣا ﱠمﺮ اﳉوﺒُْﳌ ﱠﺘَﻞ ِﺠﴎا َﻟﻪ إِﺬف َ‪،‬ﱃيﺑاﻴ َﳌَﻨﻋ ِﻪﺪﻦﻳ َﻨوﻳﺑﺔﻤ‪،‬ﻴﲔﻨﻓِﻴَﻪﻣ ُﻳﱠﻜ َﺼﻘﺔﺎ ﱡﻓﺐلﺮِﻟﻪﰲﺳ َ‪:‬وﺨاﻧﺎ ِدﻌنﻴ‪،‬يﻢََﻳﻳ ْﻨْﺄو َاَﺤﺟﻟ ِ َﺪﺬﺞُراي ﱠﻟِﻣ َِﺬﻋْﻦ اﻦيﻟ َﻳﱠﻳﺜﻨِْﺬﱠﻴﺴ َـﺎﻫ ِﺔرهُا ْﻟﺐﻳَﺒ َْﻴﻘَﺎﺳ َُْﻴﻀُلﻠـُﻪﻟﺎﻪإِِء َﻧ‪،‬ﺎﱃ َوﻋﻣا ﱢﻟﺮﻢﺘ‪،‬اـﻟوﻲﱠﻈاﻟُْﺗﻬ َْﻮﻌﺮااـدَﺮِني َُفﺷﻧـاَﻌ َﲈﲈَﻵلنن‪َ .‬ﺑﻏ َﺜـوﻨِْ ﱠﺮﻴﻣ ِـ ﱢِﻦﰊﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻨﻌﻴﻢ ﳛﺮم ﻣﻦ َأ َرا َد اﻟ ُﻌ ْﻤ ِﺮة‪.‬‬ ‫ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪ :‬اﻟﺮو َض اﳌﻌﻄﺎر ِﰲ ﺧﱪ اﻷﻗﻄﺎر‪ ،‬ﻟﻠ ِﺤﻤﲑي‪) ،‬ص ‪ ،(138‬وا َْﳌ َﻌﺎ ِﱂَ ا ُْﳉ ْﻐ َﺮاﻓِﻴ ِﺔ ا ْﻟـ َﻮا ِر َد ِة ِﰲ اﻟ ﱢﺴـ َﲑ ِة اﻟ ﱠﻨ َﺒ ِﻮ ﱠﻳـ ِﺔ‪ ،‬ﻟ َﻌـﺎﺗِﻖ ﺑـﻦ َﻏ ْﻴـﺚ‬ ‫اﻟ َﺒ َﻼدي‪) ،‬ص‪.(65‬‬ ‫واﳊﺪﻳﺚ أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري‪ِ (25) ،(308/1) ،‬ﻛ َﺘﺎ ُب ا َْﳊ ﱢﺞ‪َ (3) ،‬ﺑﺎ ُب ا َْﳊ ﱢﺞ َﻋ َﲆ اﻟ ﱠﺮ ْﺣ ِﻞ‪ ،(1518) ،‬ﻣﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ا ْﻟ َﻘﺎ ِﺳ ِﻢ ْﺑ ِﻦ ُ َﳏ ﱠﻤـ ٍﺪ‪،‬‬ ‫ا َﻟﻋ‪ 1‬ﱠﺘ ْﻨْﻦ‪ِ 6‬ﻌ َﻴ‪5‬ﻋﺎِﻢ‪ِ1‬ﺋ‪َ\"،‬ﺸ ََﻓﺔ‪َ8‬ﺄ َ ْر‪3‬ﺣ َِﻘ‪َ 6‬ﺒ ََ‪1‬ﻬﴈ‪،‬ﺎا َﻋ‪ُ 1‬ﷲَ‪5‬ﲆَﻋ َﻧْﻨ‪6‬ﺎَﻬَﻗ‪1‬ﺎ ٍﺔ‪َ ،‬أ‪ ،‬ﱠ‪َ2‬ﳖَﻓﺎﺎ‪َْ 6‬ﻗﻋﺎَﺘ‪َ 7‬ﻟ َﻤ‪َْ 1‬ﺮ‪،‬ﺖ ْ‪4:‬ت َﻳ‪8.‬ﺎوَ‪7‬راﻧ ُ‪1‬ﺳ‪،‬ﻈﻮﺮَ‪4‬ال‪8‬اﻷ‪9‬رِﷲﻗا‪2‬ﺎ‪ْ،‬ﻋم َﺘ‪5‬ﻣَﻤ ْ‪8‬ﺮﻦ ُﺗ‪ْ 9‬ﻫﻢ‪2‬ﺬَ‪،‬وا َاﱂْﻟ‪َ 5‬أﻄْ‪9‬ﻋ َﺘﺮ‪3‬ﻳ ِﻤ ْ‪4‬ﻖﺮ‪.،‬و َﻓ‪َ 0‬ﻃﻘ‪3‬ـﺮﺎ َ‪2‬قل‪7‬أ‪(:‬ﺧ‪َ \"،‬ﻳﺮوـﺎﻣى َﻋﺴَﻋْﺒﻠـْﻦَﻢﺪ َاﻋﰲﻟﺎ ِﺋـ ﱠَﺮﺸﺻْــَﲪَﺔ ِ َﺤﻦرﻴا ِ ْذﺤ ََﻫﻪﴈـ‪،‬ا)ْﺐﷲُ ﺑِ َُﺄﻋصﻨْْ َﺧ‪8‬ﻬﺘِــ‪7‬ﺎ‪4َ :‬ﻚ)( َ‪،‬ﻓ‪َ9‬ﺄ)ْﻋ‪ِ51‬ﻤ‪1،ْ 3‬ﺮ َ(ﻫ‪6‬ـﻛِﺎ َ‪5‬ﺘ ِـﻣ‪5‬ﺎـ َُ‪1‬ﻦب‪،‬‬ ‫ا َْﳊ ﱢﺞ‪َ (17) ،‬ﺑ َﻴﺎ ِن ُو ُﺟﻮ ِه ا ِﻹ ْﺣ َﺮا ِم َو َأ ﱠﻧ ُﻪ َ ُﳚﻮ ُز إِ ْﻓ َﺮا ُد ا َْﳊ ﱢﺞ َواﻟ ﱠﺘ َﻤ ﱡﺘ ِﻊ َوا ْﻟ ِﻘ َﺮا ِن َو َﺟ َﻮا ِز إِ ْد َﺧﺎ ِل ا َْﳊ ﱢﺞ َﻋ َﲆ ا ْﻟ ُﻌ ْﻤـ َﺮ ِة َو َﻣ َﺘـﻰ َ ِﳛـ ﱡﻞ ا ْﻟ َﻘـﺎ ِر ُن ِﻣـ ْﻦ‬ ‫ُﻧ ُﺴﻜِ ِﻪ ‪ ،(1211/120) ،‬ﻣﻦ ﻧﻔﺲ اﻟﻄﺮﻳﻖ‪ .‬واﻧﻈﺮ اﻷرﻗﺎم ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻄﺮﻳﻖ وﻃﺮق أﺧـﺮى َﻋـ ْﻦ َﻋﺎ ِﺋ َﺸـ َﺔ َر ِ َﴈ ا ُﷲ َﻋ ْﻨ َﻬـﺎ‪-111) :‬‬ ‫‪.(1211/137 - 134 ،123 -120 ،115 ،113‬‬ ‫‪256‬‬

‫ﻛﻮن اﻟﻨﱠﺒِ ّﻲ َﺻ ﱠﲆ اﷲُ َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴ ِﻪ َو َﺳ ﱠﻠ َﻢ ِﰲ ُﻋ ْﻤ ِﺮة ا ِﳉ ْﻌ َﺮا َﻧﺔ)‪َ (1‬أ ﱠﻧ ُﻪ ﺧﺮ َج إﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﻻ ﻳﺪ ﱡل َﻋ َﲆ اﻟﺘﺨﺼـﻴﺺ؛ ﳉـﻮاز أن َﻳ ُﻜـﻮن‬ ‫َذﻟِ َﻚ أﻓﻀﻞ‪ ،‬وﻻ إ َﲨﺎع ِﰲ اﳌﺴﺄﻟ ِﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺪ ﻧﻘﻞ اﺑ ُﻦ ا ُﳌﻨْـ ِﺬ ِر ِﰲ اﻹﴍا ِف)‪/47 (2‬ب اﻟﻘـﻮﻟﲔ اﳌﻌـﺮوﻓِﲔ ِﰲ َﻣـ ْﺬ َﻫ ِﺐ‬ ‫اﻟ ﱠﺸﺎﻓِ ِﻌ ّﻲ‪ ،‬ﻓِﻴﻤﻦ َأ ْﺣﺮ َم ﺑﺎﻟ ُﻌ ْﻤ َﺮةِ ﻣﻦ َﻣ ﱠﻜﺔ‪ُ ،‬ﺛ ﱠﻢ َﻗﺎ َل ‪َ :‬و َﺣ َﻜﻰ اﻟ ﱠﺜ ْﻮ ِر ﱡي َﻋﻦ َﻋ َﻄﺎ ٍء)‪َ ،(3‬أ ﱠﻧ ُﻪ َﻗﺎ َل ﻓِﻴﻤﻦ َأ َﻫ ﱠﻞ ﺑ ُﻌ ْﻤـ ِﺮةٍ ﻣـﻦ‬ ‫َﻣ ﱠﻜﺔ ‪ :‬ﻻ ﳾ َء ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪َ ،‬ﻗﺎ َل ُﺳ ْﻔ َﻴﺎن ‪ :‬وﻧﺤﻦ ﻧﻘﻮل إذا أﻫﻞ ﲠﺎ ﻟﺰﻣﺘﻪ‪ ،‬وﳜﺮج إِ َﱃ اﳌﻴﻘﺎت‪َ ،‬ﻓ َﺪ ﱠل َﻫ َﺬا اﻟﻜﻼم َﻋـ َﲆ أن‬ ‫ﻋﻄﺎء َﻳ َﺮى أن اﻹﺣﺮا َم )‪(4‬ﲠﺎ ﻣﻦ َﻣ ﱠﻜ َﺔ ﻻ ﻳﻠﺰم ﻓِﻴﻪ ﳾء ﻣﻦ ﺧﺮو ٍج )‪(5‬إﱃ اﳊ ﱢﻞ وﻻ دم‪ُ ،‬ﺛ ﱠﻢ ِﰲ ﻗﻮ ِل اﻟﻨﱠﺒِ ﱢﻲ َﺻـ ﱠﲆ ا ُﷲ‬ ‫َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴ ِﻪ َو َﺳ ﱠﻠ َﻢ ‪َ \" :‬ﺣ ﱠﺘﻰ َأ ْﻫ ُﻞ َﻣ ﱠﻜﺔ ُﳞِ ﱡﻠﻮ َن ِﻣ ْﻦ َﻣ ﱠﻜﺔ\"‪ ،‬ﻟﻴﺴﺖ دﻻﻟﺘﻪ َﻋ َﲆ اﻹﺣﺮا ِم ﺑﺎﻟ ُﻌ ْﻤ َﺮة ﻣﻦ اﻟﻌﻤﻮم ا ﱠﻟـ ِﺬي ﻳﻤﻜـﻦ‬ ‫أن ﻳﺪﺧﻠﻪ اﻟﺘﺨﺼﻴﺺ؛ ﻷ ﱠن اﻟ ُﻌ ْﻤ َﺮ َة ﺳﺒﻘﺖ ِﰲ اﻟ ﱠﻠ ْﻔﻆ ا ﱠﻟ ِﺬي ﻳﺪ ﱡل َﻋ َﲆ اﳌﺮا ِد ﻣﻦ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ‪َ \" :‬ﺣ ﱠﺘﻰ َأ ْﻫ ُﻞ َﻣ ﱠﻜﺔ ُﳞِ ﱡﻠﻮ َن ِﻣ ْﻦ‬ ‫َﻣ ﱠﻜﺔ\" ﺑﺎﳊ ﱢﺞ َأ ْو اﻟ ُﻌ ْﻤ ِﺮ ِة‪ ،‬ﻓﻜﺄ ﱠﻧﻪ َﻗﺎ َل ‪ :‬ﺣﺘﻰ َأ ْﻫﻞ َﻣ ﱠﻜﺔ ُﳞِ ﱡﻠﻮ َن ﻣﻦ َﻣ ﱠﻜ َﺔ ﺑﺎ َﳊ ﱢﺞ َأ ْو اﻟ ُﻌ ْﻤ ِﺮة‪ ،‬وﻳﺪ ﱡل َﻋ َﲆ َﻫ َﺬا ﻗﻮ ُﻟ ُﻪ َﺻ ﱠﲆ‬ ‫اﷲُ َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴ ِﻪ َو َﺳ ﱠﻠ َﻢ ِﰲ َﺣ ِﺪﻳ ِﺚ اﺑ ِﻦ َﻋ ﱠﺒﺎس‪ ،‬ﻛ َﻬ َﺬا ِﰲ ﺑﻌ ِﺾ ﻃﺮ ِﻗ ِﻪ اﻟﺜﺎﺑﺘﺔ ِﰲ اﻟ َﺼ ِﺤﻴﺤﲔ ‪َ \" :‬ﻓ َﻤ ْﻦ َﻛﺎ َن ُدو َﳖُـ ﱠﻦ َﻓ ُﻤ َﻬ ﱡﻠـ ُﻪ‬ ‫ِﻣ ْﻦ َأ ْﻫﻠِ ِﻪ‪َ ،‬و َﻛ َﺬا َك َﻓ َﺬا َك َﺣ ﱠﺘﻰ َأ ْﻫ ُﻞ َﻣ ﱠﻜﺔ ُﳞِ ﱡﻠﻮ َن ِﻣ ْﻨ َﻬﺎ\")‪ ،(6‬و َﻫ َﺬا ﻣﻊ ﻗﻮﻟِ ِﻪ ِﰲ ﻫﺬه اﻟﺮواﻳﺔ ‪َ \" :‬و)‪َ (7‬ﻣ ْﻦ َﻛﺎ َن ُدو َن َذﻟِـ َﻚ‬ ‫)‪ (1‬ﺑﻜﴪ أ ﱠوﻟ ُﻪ إ َﲨﺎ ًﻋﺎ‪ُ ،‬ﺛ ﱠﻢ إن َأ ْﺻ َﺤﺎ َب ا َْﳊ ِﺪﻳ ِﺚ ﻳﻜﴪون ﻋﻴ َﻨ ُﻪ‪ ،‬وﻳﺸﺪدون را َء ُه‪ ،‬وأﻫ ُﻞ اﻹﺗﻘﺎ ِن واﻷد ِب ﳜﻄﺌﻮﳖﻢ‪ ،‬وﻳﺴﻜﻨﻮن ا ْﻟ َﻌـ ْﲔ‬ ‫وﳜﻔﻔﻮن اﻟﺮاء‪ ،‬وﻗﺪ َﻗﺎ َل اﻟ ﱠﺸﺎﻓِ ِﻌ ﱡﻲ ‪\" :‬اﻟﺘﺸﺪﻳﺪ ﺧﻄﺄ\"‪ ،‬و ُﺣ ِﻜ َﻲ َﻋـﻦ اﻟ ﱠﺸـﺎﻓِ ِﻌ ّﻲ َأ ﱠﻧـ ُﻪ َﻗـﺎ َل ‪ :‬ا ُﳌ َﺤـ ﱢﺪﺛﻮن ﳜﻄﺌـﻮن ِﰲ ﺗﺸـﺪﻳﺪ اﳉﻌﺮاﻧـﺔ‬ ‫وﲣ ِﻔﻴﻒ اﳊﺪﻳﺒﻴﺔ‪َ ،‬و َﻗﺎ َل اﻟ َﻘﺎ ِﴇ ﻋﻴﺎض ‪\" :‬اﳉﻌﺮاﻧﺔ؛ َأ ْﺻ َﺤﺎب ا َْﳊ ِﺪﻳﺚ ﻳﻘﻮ ُﻟﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﻜﴪ ا ْﻟ َﻌ ْﲔ وﺗﺸﺪﻳ ِﺪ اﻟﺮا ِء‪ ،‬وﺑﻌ ُﺾ َأﻫﻠﻪ ا ِﻹﺗﻘـﺎن‬ ‫واﻷَدب ﻳﻘﻮ ُﻟﻮ َن ﺑﺘﺨ ِﻔﻴﻔﻬﺎ‪ ،‬و ُ َﳜ ﱢﻄ ُﺌﻮن ﻏ َﲑه‪ ،‬وﻛﻼ َﳘﺎ ﺻﻮا ٌب ﻣﺴﻤﻮ ٌع‪َ ،‬و َﺣ َﻜﻰ اﻟ َﻘﺎ ِﴇ إِﺳ َﲈ ِﻋﻴ ُﻞ ﺑ ُﻦ إِ ْﺳ َﺤﺎق َﻋﻦ َﻋِ ّﲇ ﺑ ِﻦ اﳌَ ِﺪﻳﻨِ ّﻲ َأن‬ ‫َأﻫ َﻞ اﳌَ ِﺪﻳﻨَﺔ ﻳﻘﻮ ُﻟﻮن ﻓِﻴﻬﺎ و ِﰲ ا ُﳊ َﺪ ْﻳﺒِﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﺜ ِﻘﻴ ِﻞ‪ ،‬و َأﻫ َﻞ اﻟﻌﺮاق ُ َﳜ ﱢﻔ ُﻔﻮﳖ َﲈ‪َ ،‬و َﻣ ْﺬ َﻫﺐ ﻋﺒـﺪ اﳌﻠـﻚ ﺑـﻦ ﻗﺮﻳـﺐ اﻷَﺻـﻤﻌ ﱢﻲ ِﰲ ا ِﳉ ْﻌﺮاﻧـﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺨ ِﻔﻴ ُﻒ‪ ،‬و ُﺣﻜِﻲ َأ ﱠﻧ ُﻪ ُﺳ ِﻤﻊ ﻣﻦ اﻟ َﻌ َﺮب َﻣﻦ ُﻳ َﺜ ﱢﻘ ُﻠﻬﺎ‪ ،‬وﺑﺎﻟﺘﺨ ِﻔﻴﻒ أﺗﻘﻨﻬﺎ اﳋﻄﺎﰊ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﻟ َﻘﺎ ِﴇ ﻋﻴﺎض ‪ :‬و َﲠ َﺬا – اﻟﺘﺨﻔﻴﻒ ‪ -‬ﻗﺮأﻧﺎه َﻋ َﲆ ﻣﺘﻘﻨﻲ ُﺷ ُﻴﻮﺧﻨﺎ‪ ،‬وﺑﺎﻟ َﻮ ِﺟ َﻬﲔ أﺧﺬﻧﺎﻫﺎ ﻋﻦ ﲨﺎﻋﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫وﻫﻲ َﻣﺎ ٌء ﺑﲔ اﻟﻄﺎﺋ ِﻒ و َﻣ ﱠﻜﺔ‪ ،‬وﻫﻲ إِ َﱃ َﻣ ﱠﻜ َﺔ أدﻧﻰ‪ ،‬وﲠﺎ َﻗﺴﻢ رﺳﻮ ُل اﷲ َﺻ ﱠﲆ ا ُﷲ َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴ ِﻪ َو َﺳ ﱠﻠ َﻢ ﻏﻨﺎﺋ َﻢ ُﺣﻨَﲔ‪ ،‬وﻣﻨﻬﺎ أﺣﺮم ﺑﻌﻤﺮﺗﻪ‬ ‫ِﰲ وﺟﻬﺘﻪ ﺗﻠﻚ‪َ ،‬ﻳ ْﻌ َﺘ ِﻤ ُﺮ ِﻣﻨْ َﻬﺎ ا َﳌ ﱢﻜ ﱡﻴﻮ َن‪َ ،‬و ِ َﲠﺎ َﻣ ْﺴ ِﺠ ٌﺪ‪َ ،‬و َﻗ ْﺪ ُﻋ ﱢﻄ َﻠ ْﺖ ﺑِ ْﺌ ُﺮ َﻫﺎ ا ْﻟ َﻴ ْﻮ َم‪َ ،‬و َﻛﺎ َﻧ ْﺖ َﻋ ْﺬ َﺑ َﺔ ا َْﳌﺎ ِء ُﻳ ْ َﴬ ُب ا َْﳌ َﺜ ُﻞ ﺑِ ُﻌ ُﺬو َﺑﺘِ ِﻪ‬ ‫ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪ :‬ﻣﺸﺎر َق اﻷَﻧﻮار َﻋ َﲆ ﺻﺤﺎح اﻵﺛﺎر‪ ،‬ﻟﻠ َﻘﺎ ِﴇ ﻋﻴﺎض‪ ،(264 /1) ،‬و ُﻣ ْﻌ َﺠ َﻢ اﻟ ُﺒ ْﻠ َﺪان‪ ،‬ﻟ َﻴـﺎ ُﻗﻮت ا َﳊ َﻤـ ِﻮ ّي‪،(142 /2) ،‬‬ ‫واﻟﺮو َض اﳌﻌﻄﺎر ِﰲ ﺧﱪ اﻷﻗﻄﺎر‪ ،‬ﻟﻠﺤﻤﲑي‪) ،‬ص‪ ،(176‬وا َﳌ َﻌﺎ ِﱂَ ا ُْﳉ ْﻐ َﺮاﻓِﻴـ ِﺔ ا ْﻟـ َﻮا ِر َد ِة ِﰲ اﻟ ﱢﺴـ َﲑ ِة اﻟﻨﱠ َﺒ ِﻮ ﱠﻳـ ِﺔ‪ ،‬ﻟ َﻌـﺎﺗِﻖ ﺑـﻦ َﻏ ْﻴـﺚ‬ ‫اﻟ َﺒ َﻼدي‪.(83) ،‬‬ ‫واﳊﺪﻳﺚ رواه اﻟﺒﺨﺎري ﰲ ﺻﺤﻴﺤﻪ‪ِ (56) ،(638/2 ) ،‬ﻛ َﺘﺎ ُب ا ِْﳉ َﻬﺎ ِد َواﻟ ﱢﺴـ َ ِﲑ‪َ (186) ،‬ﺑـﺎ ُب َﻣـ ْﻦ َﻗ َﺴـ َﻢ ا ْﻟ َﻐﻨِﻴ َﻤـ َﺔ ِﰲ َﻏـ ْﺰ ِو ِه‬ ‫َو َﺳ َﻔ ِﺮ ِه‪ ،(3066) ،‬ﻣﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ َ ﱠﳘﺎ ٍم‪َ ،‬ﻋ ْﻦ َﻗ َﺘﺎ َد َة َأ ﱠن َأ َﻧ ًﺴﺎ َأ ْﺧ َ َﱪ ُه َﻗﺎ َل ‪ :‬ا ْﻋ َﺘ َﻤ َﺮ اﻟﻨﱠﺒِ ﱡﻲ َﺻ ﱠﲆ اﷲُ َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴ ِﻪ َو َﺳ ﱠﻠ َﻢ ِﻣ َﻦ ا ِْﳉ ْﻌ َﺮا َﻧ ِﺔ َﺣ ْﻴـ ُﺚ َﻗ َﺴـ َﻢ‬ ‫َﻏ َﻨﺎﺋِ َﻢ ُﺣﻨَ ْ ٍﲔ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (2‬ﱂ أﻗﻒ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﰲ اﳌﻄﺒﻮع‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ُ (3‬ﻫ َﻮ اﺑﻦ َأ ِﰊ رﺑﺎح‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (4‬ﻋﺒﺎرة \"وﳜﺮج إِ َﱃ اﳌﻴﻘﺎت‪ ،‬ﻓﺪل َﻫ َﺬا اﻟﻜﻼم َﻋ َﲆ أن ﻋﻄﺎء َﻳ َﺮى أن اﻹﺣﺮام ﲠﺎ\" ﺳﺎﻗﻄﺔ ﻣﻦ )ب(‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ِ (5‬ﰲ )ب( \"و ِﰲ\"‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (6‬ﺳﺒﻖ ﲣﺮﳚﻪ‪ ،‬ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪) :‬ص ‪.(257‬‬ ‫)‪ (7‬ﺣﺮف اﻟﻮاو ﺳﺎﻗﻂ ﻣﻦ )ب(‪.‬‬ ‫‪257‬‬

‫َذﻟِ َﻚ َﻓ ِﻤ ْﻦ َﺣ ْﻴ ُﺚ َأ ْﻧ َﺸ َﺄ‪ (1)\"...‬إِ َﱃ آﺧﺮه‪ ،‬ﴏﻳ ٌﺢ ِﰲ أ ﱠن إِ ْﻫ َﻼ َل ﻣﻦ ﻣﺴﻜﻨﻪ ﺑﲔ َﻣ ﱠﻜـﺔ واﳌﻴﻘـﺎت ِﰲ اﳊـﺞ واﻟ ُﻌ ْﻤـ َﺮ ِة‬ ‫َوا ِﺣﺪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻜ َﺬﻟِ َﻚ اﳌﻘﻴﻢ ﺑ َﻤ ﱠﻜﺔ‪ ،‬وﻟﻮ ﺛﺒﺖ ﺧﻼف)‪َ (2‬ذﻟِ َﻚ َﻛﺎ َن ﻧﺴ ًﺨﺎ‪ ،‬وﻻ ُﻳ َﻘﺎل ﻳﺴﺘﻨﺒ ُﻂ ﻣ َﻦ اﻟ ﱠﻨ ﱢﺺ ﻣ َﻌﻨﻰ ﳜﺼﺼـﻪ؛‬ ‫ﻷ ﱠن َﻫ َﺬا ﻳﻌﻮ ُد ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺑﺎﻹﺑﻄﺎل‪ ،‬و َذﻟِ َﻚ أ ﱠﻧﺎ ﻟﻮ ُﻗ ْﻠ َﻨﺎ إﻧ َﲈ ُ ﱢﴍ َﻋ ْﺖ ﻫﺬه اﳌﻮاﻗﻴﺖ ﻟﻴﺠﻤﻊ اﻹ ْﻧ َﺴﺎن ِﰲ إﺣﺮاﻣﻪ ﺑﲔ اﳊـ ﱢﻞ‬ ‫واﳊﺮم‪ ،‬واﳌﺤﺮم ﻣﻦ َﻣ ﱠﻜ َﺔ ﺑﺎﻟ ُﻌ ْﻤ َﺮة ﻻ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﻓِﻴﻪ َﻫ َﺬا اﳌﻌﻨﻰ ﻓﻴﺤﻤـﻞ)‪ (3‬ا َْﳊـ ِﺪﻳﺚ ِﰲ أﻫـ ِﻞ َﻣ ﱠﻜـ َﺔ َﻋـ َﲆ ﻣـﻦ أﺣـﺮ َم‬ ‫ﺑﺎﳊﺞ‪ ،‬ﻷَ ﱠدى َذﻟِ َﻚ إِ َﱃ إﺑﻄﺎل‪َ ،‬أ ْو اﻟ ُﻌ ْﻤﺮة‪ ،‬و َﻳ ُﻜﻮن ﻣﻦ ﺑﺎب اﻻﺳﺘﻨﺒﺎط اﳌﺆدي إِ َﱃ اﻹﺑﻄﺎل‪ ،‬و َذﻟِ َﻚ ﻻ ﻳﺴﻮغ َﻋ َﲆ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻋﺪةِ َ ْﲨ ٍﻊ ﻣﻦ اﻟ ُﻌ َﻠ َﲈ ِء‪ُ ،‬ﺛ ﱠﻢ ﻻ ﻧﺴﻠﻢ َﻫ َﺬا اﳌﻌﻨﻰ‪ ،‬وﻳﺸﺒﻪ َﺣ ِﺪﻳﺚ \" ُﺧ ُﺬوا َﻋﻨﻰ َﻗـ ْﺪ َﺟ َﻌـ َﻞ ا ُﷲ َُﳍـ ﱠﻦ َﺳـﺒِﻴ ًﻼ‪ ،‬ا ْﻟﺒِ ْﻜـ ُﺮ‬ ‫ﺑِﺎ ْﻟﺒِ ْﻜ ِﺮ\")‪ (4‬إِ َﱃ آﺧﺮه‪ ،‬ﻻ ﻳ َﻘﺎل ‪ :‬ﻳﺴﺘﻨﺒﻂ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﺺ ﻣ َﻌﻨﻰ ﻳﻘﺘﴤ أن اﳌﺮأ َة ﻻ ﻧﻌﺮب أن َﻳ ُﻜﻮن َذﻟِ َﻚ ﻧﺴ ًﺨﺎ ﻟﺬﻛﺮﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﴏ ًﳛﺎ‪ ،‬وﱂ أ َر ﻣﻦ اﻟ ُﻌ َﻠ َﲈ ِء ﻣﻦ ﺗﻌﺮ َض ﻟ َﺬﻟِ َﻚ‪ ،‬و ُﻫ َﻮ ﻣﻦ اﻟ ﱠﻨ َﻔﺎﺋِﺲ‪.‬‬ ‫َو ِﻣ ْﻦ َذ ِﻟ َﻚ َﻣﺎ َﻛﺘَ َﺒ ُﻪ َﻋ َﲆ َﺣ ِﺪﻳﺚ اﺑ ِﻦ ُﻋ َﻤ َﺮ ﻓِﻴ َﲈ ﻳﻠﺒ ُﺲ اﳌُ ْﺤ ِﺮ ُم ﻣﻦ اﻟﺜﻴﺎب)‪َ ،(5‬ﻗﺎ َل اﻟ ﱠﺸـ ْﻴ ُﺦ َﺗ ِﻘـ ﱡﻲ اﻟـ ﱢﺪﻳ ِﻦ ‪\" :‬وﻗـﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺆال َﻣﺎ ﻳﻠﺒﺲ اﳌﺤﺮم ﻓﺄﺟﻴ َﺐ ﺑ َﲈ ﻻ ﻳﻠﺒﺲ‪ ،‬ﻷ ﱠن َﻣﺎ ﻻ ﻳﻠﺒﺲ ﳏﺼﻮ ًرا\")‪.(7)(6‬‬ ‫َﻗﺎ َل َﺷ ْﻴ ُﺨ َﻨﺎ ‪ :‬ﻗﺪ ﺟﺎ َء ِﰲ ﺳﻨ ِﻦ أﰊ داوود ِﰲ ا َْﳊ ِﺪﻳ ِﺚ اﳌﺬﻛﻮ ِر ﺳﺄ َل َر ُﺟ ٌﻞ)‪َ (8‬ر ُﺳﻮ َل اﷲِ َﺻ ﱠﲆ اﷲُ َﻋ َﻠﻴْـ ِﻪ َو َﺳـ ﱠﻠ َﻢ‬ ‫\" َﻣﺎ َﻳ ْ ُﱰ ُك ا ُْﳌ ْﺤ ِﺮ ُم ِﻣ َﻦ اﻟ ﱢﺜ َﻴﺎ ِب؟\")‪ ،(9‬وﻋﲆ َﻫ َﺬا ﻓﻴَ ُﻜﻮ ُن اﻟﺴﺆا ُل ﻣﻮﺿﻮ ًﻋﺎ ِﰲ ﻣﻮﺿﻌﻪ‪ ،‬وﺟﺎ َء اﳉﻮا ُب َﻋ َﲆ ﻃﺒﻘﻪ‪َ ،‬و َﻗـﺎ َل‬ ‫اﻟ ﱠﺸﻴْ ُﺦ َﺗ ِﻘ ﱡﻲ اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳﻦ ‪ :‬اﺗﻔﻘﻮا َﻋ َﲆ اﳌﻨﻊ ﻣﻦ ﻟﺒﺲ َﻣﺎ َذ َﻛ َﺮ ِﰲ ا َْﳊ ِﺪﻳﺚ)‪.(10‬‬ ‫‪/48‬أ َﻗﺎ َل َﺷ ْﻴ ُﺨﻨَﺎ ‪ :‬ﱂ ﻳﺘﻔﻘﻮا ِﰲ اﻟﻘﻔﺎزﻳﻦ ﻟﻠﻤﺮأةِ‪ ،‬وﻟﻠ ﱠﺸﺎﻓِ ِﻌ ّﻲ َر ِ َﴈ اﷲُ َﻋﻨْ ُﻪ ِﰲ َذﻟِ َﻚ َﻗ ْﻮ َﻻن)‪ ،(11‬وأﺟﺎزه‬ ‫ﺳﻌﺪ ﺑﻦ أﰊ وﻗﺎص)‪.(1‬‬ ‫)‪ (1‬ﺳﺒﻖ ﲣﺮﳚﻪ‪ ،‬ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪) :‬ص ‪.(257‬‬ ‫)‪ِ (2‬ﰲ )ب( \"ﺧﻼﻓﻚ\" ﺧﻄﺄ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪َ (3‬ﻛﺎ َن ﻛﺘﺐ ِﰲ )ب( ﻣ َﻜﺎ َن ﺣﺮف اﳌﻴﻢ ﺗﺎء‪ُ ،‬ﺛ ﱠﻢ ﻛﺘﺐ ﻓﻮﻗﻪ ﺣﺮف اﳌﻴﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪َ (4‬ﺻ ِﺤﻴﺢ ُﻣ ْﺴ ِﻠﻢ ‪) :‬ص‪ (29) ،(701‬ﻛِ َﺘﺎ ُب ا ُْﳊ ُﺪو ِد‪َ (3) ،‬ﺑﺎ ُب َﺣ ﱢﺪ اﻟ ﱢﺰ َﻧﻰ‪ ،(1690/14 -12) ،‬ﻣﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ا َﳊ َﺴﻦ اﻟﺒﴫي‪َ ،‬ﻋـ ْﻦ‬ ‫َﻋ ْﻦ ِﺣ ﱠﻄﺎ َن ْﺑ ِﻦ َﻋ ْﺒﺪ اﷲِ اﻟ ﱠﺮ َﻗﺎ ِ ﱢﳾ‪َ ،‬ﻋ ْﻦ ُﻋ َﺒﺎ َد َة ْﺑ ِﻦ اﻟ ﱠﺼﺎ ِﻣ ِﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (5‬ﻧﺺ ا َْﳊ ِﺪﻳﺚ ‪َ :‬ﻋﻦ َﻋ ْﺒﺪ اﷲِ ْﺑ ِﻦ ُﻋ َﻤ َﺮ َر ِ َﴈ ا ُﷲ َﻋ ْﻨ ُﻬ َﲈ َأ ﱠن َر ُﺟ ًﻼ َﻗﺎ َل ‪َ :‬ﻳﺎ َر ُﺳﻮ َل اﷲِ َﻣﺎ َﻳ ْﻠ َﺒ ُﺲ اﳌُْ ْﺤ ِﺮ ُم ِﻣ َﻦ اﻟ ﱢﺜ َﻴﺎ ِب؟ َﻗﺎ َل َر ُﺳﻮ ُل ا ِﷲ َﺻ ﱠﲆ‬ ‫َﻧ ْﻌ َﻠـ ْ ِﲔ‬ ‫َ ِﳚـ ُﺪ‬ ‫َأ َﺣـ ٌﺪ‬ ‫َو َﻻ ا ِْﳋ َﻔﺎ َف‬ ‫َو َﻻ ا ْﻟ َ َﱪاﻧِ َﺲ‬ ‫َو َﻻ اﻟ ﱠ َﴪا ِوﻳ َﻼ ِت‬ ‫َو َﻻ ا ْﻟ َﻌ َﲈ ِﺋ َﻢ‬ ‫َﺻ ﱠﲆ ا ُﷲ َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴ ِﻪ َو َﺳ ﱠﻠ َﻢ ‪َ \" :‬ﻻ َﻳ ْﻠ َﺒ ُﺲ ا ْﻟ َﻘ ِﻤﻴ َﺺ‬ ‫َﻓ ْﻠ َﻴ ْﻠـ َﺒ ْﺲ‬ ‫َﻻ‬ ‫إِ ﱠﻻ‬ ‫َو ْر ٌس\"‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟ ﱠﺰ ْﻋ َﻔ َﺮا ُن َأ ْو‬ ‫اﻟ ﱢﺜ َﻴﺎ ِب َﺷ ْﻴ ًﺌﺎ َﻣ ﱠﺴ ُﻪ‬ ‫َﺗ ْﻠ َﺒ ُﺴﻮا ِﻣ َﻦ‬ ‫ُﺧ ِﻔ ِﲔ‪َ ،‬و ْﻟ َﻴ ْﻘ َﻄ ْﻌ ُﻬ َﲈ َأ ْﺳ َﻔ َﻞ ِﻣ َﻦ ا ْﻟ َﻜ ْﻌ َﺒ ْ ِﲔ‪َ ،‬و َﻻ‬ ‫َﺻ ِﺤﻴ ُﺢ اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨﺎ ِر ّي ‪ِ (25) ،(213/1) :‬ﻛ َﺘﺎ ُب ا َْﳊ ﱢﺞ‪َ (21) ،‬ﺑﺎ ُب َﻣﺎ َﻻ َﻳ ْﻠ َﺒ ُﺲ ا ْﳌُ ْﺤ ِﺮ ُم ِﻣ َﻦ اﻟ ﱢﺜ َﻴﺎ ِب‪َ ،(1542) ،‬ﺻ ِﺤﻴ ُﺢ ُﻣ ْﺴﻠِﻢ ‪(15) :‬‬ ‫ﻛِ َﺘﺎب ا َْﳊ ﱢﺞ‪َ (1) ،‬ﺑﺎ ُب َﻣﺎ ُﻳ َﺒﺎ ُح ِﻟ ْﻠ ُﻤ ْﺤ ِﺮ ِم ﺑِ َﺤ ﱟﺞ َأ ْو ُﻋ ْﻤ ِﺮة َو َﻣﺎ َﻻ ُﻳ َﺒﺎ ُح َو َﺑ َﻴﺎ ِن ﲢﺮﻳﻢ اﻟ ﱢﻄﻴـ ِﺐ َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴـ ِﻪ‪ ،(1177/1) ،‬ﻛﻼﳘـﺎ ﻣـﻦ ﻃﺮﻳـﻖ‬ ‫َﻣﺎﻟِ ٍﻚ‪َ ،‬ﻋ ْﻦ َﻧﺎﻓِ ٍﻊ‪َ ،‬ﻋ ْﻦ َﻋ ْﺒﺪ ا ِﷲ ْﺑ ِﻦ ُﻋ َﻤ َﺮ َر ِ َﴈ ا ُﷲ َﻋ ْﻨ ُﻬ َﲈ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (6‬ﺗﻨﻮﻳﻦ اﻟﻔﺘﺢ ﻣﻦ )ب(‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (7‬إِ ْﺣ َﻜﺎم ا ْﻷَ ْﺣ َﻜﺎم َ ْﴍح ُﻋ ْﻤ َﺪة اﻷَ ْﺣ َﻜﺎ ِم‪.(10/3) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ (8‬ﻛﺄﻧﻪ ﻧﴘ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ \"رﺟﻞ\"‪ ،‬ﻓﻜﺘﺒﻪ ﺑﲔ \"ﺳﺄل\" و\"رﺳﻮل\" إِ َﱃ أﻋﲆ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ُ (9‬ﺳﻨَ ُﻦ َأ ِﰊ َدا ُو ِد ‪) :‬ص‪ (5) ،(280‬ﻛِ َﺘﺎ ُب ا َْﳌﻨَﺎ ِﺳﻚ‪َ (32) ،‬ﺑﺎ ُب َﻣﺎ َﻳ ْﻠ َﺒ ُﺲ اﳌُ ْﺤ ِﺮ ُم‪ ،(1823) ،‬ﻣﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ اﻟ ﱡﺰ ْﻫـ ِﺮ ﱢى‪َ ،‬ﻋـﻦ َﺳـﺎ ِﱂٍ‪َ ،‬ﻋـﻦ‬ ‫َأﺑِﻴ ِﻪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ‪ .‬واﳊﺪﻳﺚ إﺳﻨﺎده ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﻓﺠﻤﻴﻊ رواﺗﻪ ﺛﻘﺎت‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (10‬إِ ْﺣ َﻜﺎ ُم ا ْﻷَ ْﺣ َﻜﺎم َ ْﴍح ُﻋ ْﻤ َﺪة اﻷَ ْﺣ َﻜﺎ ِم‪.(10/3) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ (11‬ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ﻗﻮل اﻟ ﱠﺸﺎﻓِ ِﻌ ّﻲ ِﰲ اﻹﺑﺎﺣﺔ‪ ،‬واﻟ ﱠﻨ ْﻬﻲ ﰲ ‪ :‬اﻷُ ﱢم‪=.(573 ،521/3) ،‬‬ ‫‪258‬‬

‫َو ِﻣ ْﻦ َذﻟِ َﻚ َﻣﺎ َﻛ َﺘ َﺒ ُﻪ َﻋ َﲆ َﺣ ِﺪﻳ ِﺚ اﺑ ِﻦ َﻋ ﱠﺒﺎ ٍس ‪َ \" :‬ﻣ ْﻦ َﱂْ َﳚِ ْﺪ َﻧ ْﻌ َﻠـ ْ ِﲔ َﻓ ْﻠ َﻴ ْﻠـ َﺒ ْﺲ ُﺧ ﱠﻔـ ِﲔ‪َ ،‬و َﻣـ ْﻦ)‪َ (2‬ﱂْ َﳚِـ ْﺪ إِ َزا ًرا‬ ‫َﻓ ْﻠ َﻴ ْﻠ َﺒ ْﺲ اﻟ ﱠ َﴪا ِوﻳ َﻞ)‪َ ، \"(5) (4)(3‬ﻗﺎ َل اﻟ ﱠﺸ ْﻴ ُﺦ َﺗ ِﻘ ﱡﻲ اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳﻦ ‪(6) :‬ﻳﺴـﺘﺪل ﺑـﻪ ﻣـﻦ ﱂ ﻳﺸـﱰط اﻟﻘﻄـﻊ ِﰲ اﳋ ﱠﻔـﲔ ِﻋﻨْـﺪ ﻋـﺪم‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻌﻠﲔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻣﻄﻠﻖ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ إِ َﱃ اﻟﻘﻄﻊ‪ ،‬وﲪﻞ اﳌﻄﻠﻖ ﻫﻨﺎ)‪َ (7‬ﻋ َﲆ ا ُﳌ َﻘ ﱠﻴﺪ ﺟﻴﺪ؛ ﻷ ﱠن ا َْﳊ ِﺪﻳ َﺚ ا ﱠﻟ ِﺬي ﻗﻴـﺪ ﻓِﻴـﻪ اﻟﻘﻄـﻊ‬ ‫ﻗﺪ وردت ﻓِﻴﻪ ﺻﻴﻐﺔ اﻷﻣﺮ‪ ،‬و َذﻟِ َﻚ)‪ (8‬زاﺋﺪ َﻋ َﲆ اﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ اﳌﻄﻠﻘﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻧﺎ ﻟﻮ ﱂ ﻧﻌﻤﻞ ﲠﺎ وأﺧﺮﻧﺎ ﻣﻄﻠـﻖ اﳋ ﱠﻔـﲔ ﻛﻨـﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﻛﻨﺎ َﻣﺎ دل ﻋﻠﻴﻪ اﻷﻣﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻄﻊ و َذﻟِ َﻚ َﻏ ْﲑ ﺳﺎﺋﻎ)‪.(9‬‬ ‫َﻗﺎ َل َﺷ ْﻴ ُﺨ َﻨﺎ ‪ :‬ﻗﺪ ور َد اﻟﺘﻘﻴﻴ ُﺪ أﻳ ًﻀﺎ ِﰲ َﺣ ِﺪﻳ ِﺚ اﺑـ ِﻦ َﻋ ﱠﺒـﺎس‪َ ،‬أ ْﺧ َﺮ َﺟـ ُﻪ اﻟﻨﱠ َﺴـﺎ ِﺋ ﱡﻲ ِﰲ اﳌﺠﺘﺒـﻰ‪َ ،‬ﻓ َﻘـﺎ َل ‪َ :‬ﺣـ ﱠﺪ َﺛﻨَﺎ‬ ‫إﺳ َﲈﻋﻴ ُﻞ ﺑﻦ َﻣ ْﺴ ُﻌﻮد)‪َ ،(10‬ﻗﺎ َل ‪َ :‬ﺣ ﱠﺪ َﺛﻨَﺎ ﻳﺰﻳ ُﺪ ﺑﻦ ُز َر ْﻳﻊ)‪َ ،(11‬ﻗﺎ َل ‪َ :‬ﺣ ﱠﺪ َﺛ َﻨﺎ أﻳﻮ ُب)‪َ ،(12‬ﻋﻦ ﻋﻤ ِﺮو)‪َ ،(13‬ﻋﻦ ﺟﺎﺑ ِﺮ ﺑ ِﻦ َز ْﻳ ٍﺪ‪َ ،‬ﻋـﻦ‬ ‫اﺑ ِﻦ َﻋ ﱠﺒﺎس‪َ ،‬ﻗﺎ َل ‪ :‬ﺳﻤﻌ ُﺖ َر ُﺳﻮ َل ا ِﷲ َﺻ ﱠﲆ اﷲُ َﻋ َﻠﻴْ ِﻪ َو َﺳ ﱠﻠ َﻢ ﻳﻘـﻮ ُل ‪\" :‬إِ َذا َﱂْ َﳚِـ ْﺪ إِ َزا ًرا)‪َ (14‬ﻓ ْﻠ َﻴ ْﻠـﺒَ ْﺲ اﻟ ﱠ َﴪـا ِوﻳ َﻞ‪َ ،‬وإِ َذا َﱂْ‬ ‫َﳚِ ْﺪ اﻟﻨﱠ ْﻌ َﻠ ْ ِﲔ َﻓ ْﻠ َﻴ ْﻠ َﺒ ْﺲ ا ُْﳋ ﱠﻔ ِﲔ َوﻟْﻴَ ْﻘ َﻄ ْﻌ ُﻬ َﲈ َأ ْﺳ َﻔ َﻞ)‪ِ (15‬ﻣ ْﻦ اﻟْ َﻜ ْﻌ َﺒ ْ ِﲔ\")‪َ ،(16‬و َﻗﺎ َل اﻟ ﱠﺸﻴْ ُﺦ َﺗ ِﻘـ ﱡﻲ اﻟـ ﱢﺪﻳ ِﻦ ﺑﻌـﺪ ﻛﻼﻣـﻪ اﻟﺴـﺎﺑﻖ ‪:‬‬ ‫= )‪ (1‬ﻧﻘﻠﻪ َﻋﻨﻪ اﻟ ﱠﺸﺎﻓِ ِﻌ ّﻲ ِﰲ ‪ :‬ا ُﻷ ﱢم‪.(521/3) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ (2‬ﻛﺄﻧﻪ ﻧﴘ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ \"ﻣﻦ\"‪ ،‬ﻓﻜﺘﺒﻪ ﺑﲔ اﻟﻮاو و \"ﱂ\" إِ َﱃ أﻋﲆ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (3‬ﻛﺘﺒﺖ ِﰲ )أ( \"اﻟﴪاواﻳﻞ\" ﺧﻄﺄ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ِ (4‬ﰲ إِ ْﺣ َﻜﺎ ِم ا ْ َﻷ ْﺣ َﻜﺎم ِز َﻳﺎ َدة \"ﻟﻠﻤﺤﺮم\"‪ ،‬و ُﻫﻮ اﻟﺼﻮاب؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﻛ َﺬ ِﻟ َﻚ ِﰲ ا َْﳊ ِﺪﻳﺚ اﻟ ﱠﺼ ِﺤﻴﺢ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪َ (5‬ﺻ ِﺤﻴ ُﺢ اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨﺎ ِر ّي ‪ِ (28) :‬ﻛ َﺘﺎب َﺟ َﺰا ِء اﻟ ﱠﺼ ْﻴ ِﺪ‪َ (15) ،‬ﺑﺎ ُب ُﻟ ْﺒ ِﺲ ا ُﳋ ِﻔ ِﲔ ﻟِ ْﻠ ُﻤ ْﺤ ِﺮ ِم إِ َذا َﱂْ َﳚِ ِﺪ اﻟﻨﱠ ْﻌ َﻠـ ْ ِﲔ‪ ،(1841) ،‬وا ْﻧ ُﻈـ ْﺮ ا ْﻷَ ْر َﻗـﺎم ‪:‬‬ ‫)‪َ ،(5853 ،5804 ،1843‬ﺻ ِﺤﻴ ُﺢ ُﻣ ْﺴﻠِﻢ ‪) :‬ص‪ (15) ،(459‬ﻛِ َﺘﺎب ا َﳊ ﱢﺞ‪َ (1) ،‬ﺑﺎ ُب َﻣﺎ ُﻳ َﺒﺎ ُح ﻟِ ْﻠ ُﻤ ْﺤ ِﺮ ِم ﺑِ َﺤـ ﱟﺞ َأ ْو ُﻋ ْﻤـ ِﺮة‪َ ،‬و َﻣـﺎ َﻻ‬ ‫ُﻳ َﺒﺎ ُح َو َﺑ َﻴﺎ ِن ﲢﺮﻳﻢ اﻟ ﱢﻄﻴ ِﺐ َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴ ِﻪ‪ ،(117 /4) ،‬ﻛﻼﳘﺎ ِﻣ ْﻦ َﻃ ِﺮﻳ ِﻖ َﻋ ْﻤ ِﺮو ْﺑ ِﻦ ِدﻳﻨَﺎ ٍر‪ ،‬ﻋ ِﻦ َﺟﺎﺑِ ِﺮ ْﺑ ِﻦ َز ْﻳ ٍﺪ‪ ،‬ﻋﻦ ا ْﺑ ِﻦ َﻋ ﱠﺒﺎ ٍس َر ِ َﴈ اﷲُ َﻋﻨْ ُﻬ َﲈ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ِ (6‬ﰲ إِ ْﺣ َﻜﺎ ِم ا ْ َﻷ ْﺣ َﻜﺎم ِز َﻳﺎ َدة ‪\" :‬ﻗﺪ\"‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ِ (7‬ﰲ إِ ْﺣ َﻜﺎ ِم ا ْ َﻷ ْﺣ َﻜﺎم ‪\" :‬ﻫﻬﻨﺎ\"‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ِ (8‬ﰲ إِ ْﺣ َﻜﺎ ِم ا ْﻷَ ْﺣ َﻜﺎم ِز َﻳﺎ َدة ‪\" :‬دﻟﻴﻞ\"‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (9‬إِ ْﺣ َﻜﺎ ُم ا ْﻷَ ْﺣ َﻜﺎم َ ْﴍح ُﻋ ْﻤ َﺪة ا َﻷ ْﺣ َﻜﺎ ِم‪.(14/3) ،‬‬ ‫)‪َ (10‬أ ُﺑﻮ َﻣ ْﺴﻌﻮد اﻟ َﺒ ْﴫ ﱡي‪ ،‬ا َْﳉ ْﺤ َﺪ ِر ّي‪ ،‬ﻣﻦ ُﺷ ُﻴﻮخ اﻟﻨﱠ َﺴﺎﺋِ ّﻲ اﻟﺬﻳﻦ أﻛﺜﺮ َﻋﻨﻬﻢ‪ُ .‬ﺗ ُﻮ ﱢ َﰲ َﺳﻨَﺔ ‪248‬ﻫـ‪.‬‬ ‫ﱂ أﻗﻒ َﻋ َﲆ ﻣﻦ أﻧﺰﻟﻪ َﻋﻦ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﺔ اﻟ ﱢﺜ َﻘﺔ إﻻ َﻣﺎ َﻛﺎ َن ﻣﻦ َأ ِﰊ ﺣﺎﺗﻢ اﻟ ﱠﺮا ِز ّي‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ َﻗﺎ َل \" َﺻ ُﺪوق\"‪ ،‬وﱂ ﻳﻠﺘﻔﺖ إِ َﱃ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ أﺣﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪ :‬ﺗﺴﻤﻴ َﺔ ﻣﺸﺎﻳﺦ َأ ِﰊ َﻋ ْﺒﺪ اﻟ ﱠﺮ ْ َﲪﻦ َأ ْ َﲪﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺷﻌﻴﺐ ﺑﻦ َﻋِ ّﲇ اﻟﻨﱠ َﺴﺎ ِﺋ ّﻲ‪) ،‬ص ‪ ،(76‬وا َْﳉ ْﺮ َح َواﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﻌـ ِﺪﻳﻞ‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑـ ِﻦ َأ ِﰊ َﺣـﺎﺗِﻢ اﻟـ ﱠﺮا ِز ّي‪،‬‬ ‫)‪.(200 /2‬‬ ‫)‪َ (11‬أ ُﺑﻮ ﻣﻌﺎوﻳﺔ اﻟﺒﴫي‪ُ ،‬ﺗ ُﻮ ﱢ َﰲ ‪182‬ﻫـ‪.‬‬ ‫اﳉﻤﻴﻊ َﻋ َﲆ ﺗﻮﺛﻴﻘﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪َ :‬ﺗ ْﺬﻛِ َﺮ َة ا ُْﳊ ﱠﻔﺎظ‪ ،‬ﻟﻠ ﱠﺬ َﻫﺒِ ّﻲ‪ ،(256/1) ،‬و َﺗ َﻘ ِﺮﻳ َﺐ اﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﻬ ِﺬﻳﺐ‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ َﺣ َﺠﺮ‪.(7713) ،‬‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﻓﺎﻹﺳﻨﺎد ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ُ (12‬ﻫ َﻮ اﻟﺴﺨﺘﻴﺎﲏ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (13‬ﻫﻮ اﺑﻦ دﻳﻨﺎر‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ِ (14‬ﰲ )أ( \"اﻹزار\" ﺧﻄﺄ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (15‬ﻛﺘﺒﺖ ِﰲ )أ( \"أﻓﻞ\" ُﺛ ﱠﻢ ﻛﺘﺐ َﻋ َﲆ ﻳﻤﲔ اﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ ِﰲ ا َﳊﺎ ِﺷ َﻴ ِﺔ \"ﺳﻔﻞ\" ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻠﻬﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ُ (16‬ﺳ َﻨ ُﻦ اﻟ ﱠﻨ َﺴﺎ ِﺋ ّﻲ ‪) :‬ص‪ (24) ،(418‬ﻛِ َﺘﺎ ُب َﻣﻨَﺎ ِﺳ ِﻚ ا َْﳊ ﱢﺞ‪َ (37) ،‬ﺑﺎ ُب اﻟ ﱡﺮ ْﺧ َﺼ ُﺔ ِﰲ ُﻟ ْﺒ ِﺲ ا ُْﳋ ِﻔ ِﲔ ِﰲ ا ْ ِﻹ ْﺣ َﺮا ِم‪ ،‬ﳌَِـ ْﻦ َﻻ َ ِﳚـ ُﺪ َﻧ ْﻌ َﻠـ ْ ِﲔ‪،‬‬ ‫)‪.(2679‬‬ ‫‪259‬‬

‫\"و َﻫ َﺬا ﺑ ِﺨ َﻼف َﻣﺎ ﻟﻮ َﻛﺎ َن اﳌﻄﻠﻖ واﳌُ َﻘ ﱠﻴﺪ ِﰲ ﺟﺎﻧ ِﺐ اﻹﺑﺎﺣﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈ ﱠن إﺑﺎﺣ َﺔ اﳌﻄﻠﻖ ﺣﻴﻨﺌﺬ ﺗﻘﺘﴤ ِز َﻳﺎ َدة َﻋ َﲆ َﻣـﺎ د ﱠل ﻋﻠﻴـﻪ‬ ‫اﻹﺑﺎﺣﺔ اﳌﻘﻴﺪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈذا َأ َﺧ َﺬ)‪ (1‬ﺑﺎﻟﺰاﺋ ِﺪ َﻛﺎ َن أوﱃ‪ ،‬إذ ﻻ ﻣﻌﺎرﺿﺔ ﺑﲔ إﺑﺎﺣﺔ اﳌﻘﻴﺪ‪ ،‬وإﺑﺎﺣﺔ َﻣﺎ زاد ﻋﻠﻴﻪ\")‪.(2‬‬ ‫َﻗﺎ َل َﺷ ْﻴ ُﺨﻨَﺎ اﻟ َﻮاﻟِﺪ َر ِ َﴈ اﷲُ َﻋ ْﻨ ُﻪ ‪ :‬ﻻ ﻳﺘﺼﻮر ِﰲ ﺟﺎﻧ ِﺐ اﻹﺑﺎﺣ ِﺔ اﳌﻄﻠﻖ ﺑﺎﺻﻄﻼ ِح اﻷُ ُﺻﻮﻟﻴﲔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈ ﱠن ﻣﺮا َد ُﻫﻢ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﳌﻄﻠ ِﻖ اﻟﻨﻜﺮة ِﰲ ﺳﻴﺎ ِق اﻹﺛﺒﺎت‪ ،‬ﻛ َﲈ َ ﱠﴏ َح ﺑﻪ َﻏ ْ ُﲑ َوا ِﺣ ٍﺪ‪ ،‬واﻟﻼم ﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ ا َﳌﺎﻫﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻫﻲ ﻫـﻲ ﻳﻨﻄﻠـﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻬـﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ اﳌﻄﻠﻖ‪ ،‬وﻋﲆ اﻟﺘﻘﺪﻳﺮﻳﻦ ﳚﻲء َﻣﺎ ﻗﺮرﻧﺎه إ ّﻣﺎ َﻋ َﲆ اﻷول‪ ،‬ﻓﻸ ﱠن اﻹﺑﺎﺣﺔ ﺗﺴﺘﺪﻋﻲ ﻣﺒﺎ ًﺣﺎ إ ّﻣﺎ ﻣﻌﻴ ًﻨـﺎ)‪َ (3‬أ ْو ﻋﺎﻣـﺎ‪،‬‬ ‫وﻛﻼ َﳘﺎ ﻣﻐﺎﻳﺮ ﻟﻠﻤﻄﻠﻖ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﱠ ْﻔ ِﺴﲑ اﻷول‪ ،‬وﻛﺬا َﻋ َﲆ اﻟﺜﺎﲏ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈن ﻣﻦ َﻗﺎ َل ‪ :‬أﺑﺤ ُﺖ ﻟﻚ َﻣﺎﺋ ًﻌـﺎ ﻣـﺒﻬ ًﲈ ﻻ ﻳ ِﻔﻴـﺪ ﺑ ِﺨـ َﻼف‬ ‫أﻋﺘﻖ رﻗﺒﺔ‪ ،‬وﻛﺬا أﺑﺤﺖ ﻟﻚ ا َﳌﺎﺋﻊ َﻋ َﲆ أن اﳌﺮاد اﳊﻘﻴﻘﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻫﻲ ﻫﻲ؛ ﻷ ﱠن َذ ِﻟـ َﻚ ﻻ ﻳﺒـﺎح إﻻ أن ُﻳـ َﺮا َد اﳉـﻨ ُﺲ‬ ‫ﻓِﻴﺨﺮ ُج إِ َﱃ اﻻﺳﺘﻐﺮاق‪ ،‬ﻓﺈن َﻗﺎ َل ﻗﺎﺋ ٌﻞ ‪ :‬ﻓﻤﻦ َﻗﺎ َل أذﻧﺖ ﻟﻚ أن ﲡﺎﻟ َﺲ ﻋﺎﳌًﺎ‪َ ،‬و َﻗﺎ َل ﻣﺮ ًة ﻋﺎ ًﳌﺎ ﻣﻔ ًﴪا‪ ،‬ﻫﻞ َﻳ ُﻜـﻮ ُن ﻣـﻦ‬ ‫اﻹﻃﻼ ِق واﻟﺘﻘﻴﻴ ِﺪ ِﰲ اﳌﺒﺎﺣﺎ ِت‪ُ ،‬ﻗ ْﻠﻨَﺎ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ وﺣﻴﻨﺌﺬ ﻓﻠﻢ ﳚﻲء اﻟﺘﻘﻴﻴﺪ واﻹﻃﻼق ِﰲ اﻹﺑﺎﺣـﺔ إﻻ ﺑﺘﺄوﻳـﻞ‪ ،‬و َﻣـﺎ ذﻛـ َﺮه‬ ‫اﻟ ﱠﺸﻴْ ُﺦ ﻣﻦ أ ﱠن اﳌﻄﻠ َﻖ ﻻ ُ ْﳛ َﻤ ُﻞ َﻋ َﲆ ا ُﳌ َﻘ ﱠﻴ ِﺪ ِﰲ ﺟﺎﻧ ِﺐ اﻹﺑﺎﺣﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺟﻬﺔ َأ ﱠﻧ ُﻪ ﻻ ﻣﻌﺎرﺿﺔ ﺑﲔ إﺑﺎﺣ ِﺔ ا ُﳌ َﻘﻴﱠ ِﺪ‪ ،‬و َﻣﺎ زاد)‪ (4‬ﻋﻠﻴـﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ُﻳ َﻘﺎ َل ﻋﻠﻴﻪ َﻫ َﺬا إذا ﱂ ﻳﺴﺒ ْﻖ َذﻟِ َﻚ ‪/48‬ب ﲢﺮﻳﻢ‪ُ ،‬ﺛ ﱠﻢ ﳚﻲء ﺑﻌﺪه إﺑﺎﺣﺔ ﻣﻄﻠﻘﺔ‪ ،‬وإﺑﺎﺣﺔ ﻣﻘﻴﺪة ﻓﺈﻧﻪﺣﻴﻨﺌـﺬ ُﳛﻤـ ُﻞ‬ ‫اﳌﻄﻠ ُﻖ َﻋ َﲆاﳌﻘﻴ ِﺪ‪،‬ﻛ َﲈ ِﰲﻗﺼ ِﺔاﳌﻴﺘﺔ‪َ ،‬ﻗﺎ َلاﷲُﺳﺒﺤﺎﻧﻪو َﺗ َﻌﺎ َﱃ‪)#\"!:‬اﳌَﺎﺋﺪة‪.(3 :‬‬ ‫و َﺻ ﱠﺢ َﻋ ِﻦ اﻟﻨﱠﺒِ ﱢﻲ َﺻ ﱠﲆ ا ُﷲ َﻋ َﻠﻴْ ِﻪ َو َﺳ ﱠﻠ َﻢ َأ ﱠﻧ ُﻪ َﻗﺎ َل ِﰲ َﺷﺎ ِة َﻣﻴْ ُﻤﻮ َﻧ ِﺔ ‪َ \" :‬ﻫﻼﱠ)‪َ (5‬أ َﺧ ْﺬ ُﺗ ْﻢ ِﺟ ْﻠ َﺪ َﻫﺎ َﻓﺎ ْﻧﺘَ َﻔ ْﻌﺘُ ْﻢ ﺑِـ ِﻪ\"‪ ،‬ﻫـﺬه‬ ‫رواﻳﺔ اﻟﺒُ َﺨﺎ ِر ّي)‪ ،(6‬ﱂ ﻳﺬﻛﺮ ﻓِﻴﻬﺎ اﻟﺪﺑﺎغ‪ ،‬وﻫﻲ ِﰲ َﺻ ِﺤﻴ ِﺢ ُﻣ ْﺴﻠِ ٍﻢ ‪َ \" :‬ﻓـ َﺪ َﺑ ْﻐ ُﺘ ُﻤﻮ ُه\")‪ ،(8)(7‬ﻓﺤﻤﻠﻨـﺎ ﻣﻄﻠـ َﻖ اﻻﻧﺘﻔـﺎع َﻋـ َﲆ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﻴﺪ اﻟﺪﺑﺎغ ﻣﻦ أﺟ ِﻞ اﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﺤ ِﺮﻳﻢ اﻷﺻﲇ‪ ،‬وأ ّﻣﺎ ﺣﻴﺚ ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﻫﻨﺎك ﲢﺮﻳﻢ أﺻﲇ‪ ،‬وﺟﺎء ْت إﺑﺎﺣ ٌﺔ ﻣﻄﻠﻘ ٌﺔ وإﺑﺎﺣ ٌﺔ ُﻣ َﻘﻴﱠـ َﺪ ٌة‬ ‫ﻓ َﻬ َﺬا ﻟَ ْﻴ َﺲ ﻣﻦ ﺑﺎ ِب اﳌُﻄْ َﻠ ِﻖ واﳌُ َﻘﻴﱠ ِﺪ؛ ﻷ ﱠن اﻹﻃﻼ َق واﻟﺘﻘﻴﻴ َﺪ ﻳﺮﺟﻌﺎن إِ َﱃ اﻹﺑﺎﺣـ ِﺔ)‪(9‬اﻷﺻـﻠﻴ ِﺔ وﻫـﻲ ﻣﻄﻠﻘـﺔ وﻻ ﺗﻘﻴﻴـﺪ‬ ‫ﺣﻴﻨﺌﺬ‪ُ ،‬ﺛ ﱠﻢ َﻗﺎ َل اﻟ ﱠﺸﻴْ ُﺦ َﺗ ِﻘ ﱡﻲ اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳ ِﻦ ‪\" :‬ﻟﺒﺲ اﻟﴪاوﻳﻞ إذا ﱂ ﳚﺪ إزا ًرا‪ ،‬ﻳﺪ ﱡل ا َْﳊ ِﺪﻳ ُﺚ َﻋ َﲆ ﺟﻮا ِز ِه ﻣﻦ َﻏـ ْ ِﲑ ﻗﻄـﻊ‪ ،‬و ُﻫـ َﻮ‬ ‫)‪ِ (1‬ﰲ إِ ْﺣ َﻜﺎ ِم ا ْ َﻷ ْﺣ َﻜﺎم ‪\" :‬أﺧﺬﻧﺎ\"‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (2‬إِ ْﺣ َﻜﺎ ُم ا ْﻷَ ْﺣ َﻜﺎم َ ْﴍح ُﻋ ْﻤ َﺪة اﻷَ ْﺣ َﻜﺎ ِم‪.(14/3) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ (3‬ﻛﺘﺐ ِﰲ )ب( َﻋ َﲆ َﻳ َﺴﺎ ِر اﻟ ﱠﺼ ْﻔ َﺤ ِﺔ ِﰲ ا َﳊﺎ ِﺷ َﻴ ِﺔ \"ﺻﻮاب ﻋﻠ َﲈ\"‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ِ (4‬ﰲ )ب( \"زال\" ﺧﻄﺄ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ِ (5‬ﰲ )ب( \"ﻫﻞ ﻻ\"‪.‬‬ ‫)‪َ (6‬ﺻ ِﺤﻴ ُﺢ اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨﺎ ِر ّي ‪ (24) :‬ﻛِ َﺘﺎ ُب اﻟ ُﺒ ُﻴﻮ ِع‪َ (61) ،‬ﺑﺎ ُب اﻟ ﱢﺼ ْﺪﻗ ِﺔ َﻋ َﲆ َﻣ َﻮا ِﱄ َأ ْز َوا ِج اﻟ ﱠﻨﺒِ ّﻲ َﺻ ﱠﲆ ا ُﷲ َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴ ِﻪ َو َﺳ ﱠﻠ َﻢ‪ ،(1492) ،‬ﻣﻦ ﻃﺮﻳـﻖ‬ ‫اﻟ ﱡﺰ ْﻫ ِﺮ ّي‪َ ،‬ﻋ ْﻦ ُﻋ َﺒ ْﻴ ِﺪ اﷲِ ْﺑ ِﻦ َﻋ ْﺒﺪ اﷲِ‪َ ،‬ﻋ ِﻦ ا ْﺑ ِﻦ َﻋ ﱠﺒﺎ ٍس َر ِ َﴈ ا ُﷲ َﻋ ْﻨ ُﻬ َﲈ‪ ،‬ﺑﻠﻔﻆ ‪َ \" :‬ﻫ ﱠﻼ ا ْﻧ َﺘ َﻔ ْﻌـ ُﺘ ْﻢ ﺑِ ِﺠ ْﻠـ ِﺪ َﻫﺎ؟\"‪ ،‬وا ْﻧ ُﻈـ ْﺮ ا ْﻷَ ْر َﻗـﺎم ‪،2221) :‬‬ ‫‪.(5532 ،5531‬‬ ‫)‪ (7‬ﻛﺘﺒﺖ ﻧﺼﻒ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ \"ﻓﺪﺑﻐﺘﻤﻮه\" ‪\" :‬ﻓﺪ\" ِﰲ آﺧﺮ اﻟﺴﻄﺮ‪ُ ،‬ﺛ ﱠﻢ ﺑﻘﻴﺘﻬﺎ \"ﲤﻮه\" ِﰲ أول اﻟﺴﻄﺮ اﻟﺬي ﻳﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬و َذ ِﻟ َﻚ ﺣﻔﺎ ًﻇﺎ َﻋ َﲆ اﻟﺘﻨﺴﻴﻖ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪َ (8‬ﺻ ِﺤﻴﺢ ُﻣ ْﺴ ِﻠﻢ ‪ِ (3) :‬ﻛ َﺘﺎ ُب ا َْﳊ ْﻴ ِﺾ‪َ (27) ،‬ﺑﺎ ُب َﻃ َﻬﺎ َر ِة ُﺟ ُﻠﻮ ِد ا َﳌْ ْﻴ َﺘ ِﺔ ﺑِﺎﻟ ﱢﺪ َﺑﺎ ِغ‪ ،(363/100) ،‬ﻣﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ اﻟ ﱡﺰ ْﻫـ ِﺮ ّي‪َ ،‬ﻋـ ْﻦ ُﻋ َﺒ ْﻴـ ِﺪ ا ِﷲ‬ ‫ا ْﺑ ِﻦ َﻋ ْﺒﺪ اﷲِ‪َ ،‬ﻋ ِﻦ ا ْﺑ ِﻦ َﻋ ﱠﺒﺎ ٍس َر ِ َﴈ ا ُﷲ َﻋﻨْ ُﻬ َﲈ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (9‬ﻛﺘﺒﺖ ِﰲ )أ( ﻧﺼﻒ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ \"اﻹﺑﺎﺣﺔ\" \"اﻹ\" ِﰲ آﺧﺮ اﻟﺴﻄﺮ‪ ،‬وﺗﻜﻤﻠﺘﻬﺎ \"ﺑﺎﺣﺔ\" َﻋ َﲆ َﻳ َﺴﺎ ِر اﻟ ﱠﺼ ْﻔ َﺤ ِﺔ ِﰲ ا َﳊﺎ ِﺷ َﻴ ِﺔ‪ ،‬و َذﻟِ َﻚ ﳏﺎﻓﻈـﺔ َﻋـ َﲆ‬ ‫َﻋ َﲆ اﻟﺘﻨﺴﻴﻖ‪.‬‬ ‫‪260‬‬

‫َﻣ ْﺬ َﻫ ُﺐ َأ ْ َﲪﺪ)‪ ،(1‬و ُﻫ َﻮ ﻗﻮ ﱞي ﻫﻬﻨﺎ إذا ﱂ ﻳﺮد ﺑﻘﻄﻌﻪ َﻣﺎ ورد ِﰲ اﳋ ﱠﻔﲔ‪ ،‬وﻏﲑه ﻣﻦ اﻟْ ُﻔ َﻘ َﻬﺎء ﻻ ﻳﺒﻴﺢ اﻟﴪاوﻳﻞ َﻋـ َﲆ ﻫﻴﺌﺘـﻪ‬ ‫إذا ﱂ ﳚﺪ اﻹزار\")‪.(2‬‬ ‫َﻗﺎ َل َﺷ ْﻴ ُﺨﻨَﺎ اﻟ َﻮاﻟِ ُﺪ َر ِ َﴈ اﷲُ َﻋﻨْ ُﻪ ‪َ :‬ﻫ َﺬا ُﻳ ْﻔ ِﻬ ُﻢ أ ﱠن اﻟ ﱠﺸ ْﻴ َﺦ ﱂ ﳛﻔ ْﻆ َﻣ ْﺬ َﻫ َﺐ اﻟ ﱠﺸـﺎﻓِ ِﻌ ّﻲ َر ِ َﴈ اﷲُ َﻋ ْﻨـ ُﻪ ِﰲ َذ ِﻟـ َﻚ‪،‬‬ ‫و َﻣ ْﺬ َﻫﺐ اﻟ ﱠﺸﺎﻓِ ِﻌ ّﻲ اﳌﻌﻤﻮل ﺑﻪ ِﻋ ْﻨﺪ َأ ْﺻ َﺤﺎﺑِ ِﻪ َأ ﱠﻧ ُﻪ ﳚﻮز َذﻟِ َﻚ‪ ،‬وأﻧﻪ ﻳﺄﰐ ﻣﻦ اﻟﴪاوﻳ ِﻞ إزا ًرا ﻣﻦ َﻏ ْﲑ ﴐ ٍر َﻋ َﲆ اﳌﺸـﻬﻮر‬ ‫ِﻋﻨْﺪﻫﻢ)‪.(3‬‬ ‫َو ِﻣ ْﻦ َذﻟِ َﻚأناﻟ ﱠﺸﻴْ َﺦﺗﻘ ﱠﻲاﻟ ﱢﺪﻳ ِﻦﻧﻘ َﻞ َﻋﻦ ﺑﻌ ِﺾ اﳌﺘﺄﺧﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻦ اﻟ ﱠﺸﺎﻓِ ِﻌ ّﻴﺔ‪ ،‬وأرا َد اﻟ ﱠﺸ ْﻴ َﺦ ُ ْﳏﻲ اﻟـ ﱢﺪﻳ ِﻦ اﻟ ﱠﻨـ َﻮ ِو ّي)‪(4‬‬ ‫َأ ﱠﻧ ُﻪ ﻻ ﻓﺮ َق ِﰲ ﲢﺮﻳ ِﻢ اﻟ ﱠﺴ َﻔ ِﺮ ﺑﻐﲑ ُ ْﳏ ِﺮ ٍم ﺑﲔ اﻟﻌﺠﻮز واﻟﺸﺎﺑﺔ‪ُ ،‬ﺛ ﱠﻢ َﻗﺎ َل ‪ :‬وﻗﺪ أﺟـﺎ َز َﻫـ َﺬا اﻟ ﱠﺸـﺎﻓِ ِﻌ ﱡﻲ أن اﳌـﺮأة ﺗﺴـﺎﻓﺮ ِﰲ‬ ‫اﻷﻣﻦ ﻓﻼ ﲢﺘﺎج إِ َﱃ أﺣ ٍﺪ ﺑﻞ ﺗﺴ ُﲑ وﺣ َﺪ َﻫﺎ ِﰲ ﲨﻠ ِﺔ اﻟﻘﺎﻓﻠﺔ‪ ،‬وﺗﻜﻮ ُن آﻣﻨ ًﺔ‪ ،‬و َﻫ َﺬا ﳐﺎﻟ ٌﻒ ﻟﻈﺎﻫ ِﺮ ا َْﳊ ِﺪﻳﺚ)‪.(6)(5‬‬ ‫َﻗﺎ َل َﺷ ْﻴ ُﺨ َﻨﺎ َر ِ َﴈ اﷲُ َﻋ ْﻨ ُﻪ ‪ :‬ﱂ ُﳚِ ْﺰ َﻫ َﺬا اﻟ ﱠﺸ ْﻴ ُﺦ اﻟ ﱠﻨ َﻮ ِو ّي ﻗﺎﺋ ُﻞ َذﻟِ َﻚ اﻟﻜﻼم)‪ ،(7‬ورﺑ َﲈ ﻳﻮﻫﻢ ﻛـﻼم اﻟ ﱠﺸـﺎ ِرح‬ ‫أن اﻟ ﱠﺸﺎﻓِ ِﻌ ّﻲ َﺻﺎ ِﺣﺐ اﳌَ ْﺬ َﻫﺐ أﺟﺎز َذﻟِ َﻚ‪ ،‬وﻟﻴﺲ ﺑ َﺼ ِﺤﻴﺢ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (1‬ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪ :‬ﻣﺴﺎﺋ َﻞ اﻹ َﻣﺎم َأ ْ َﲪﺪ ﺑﻦ َﺣﻨْ َﺒﻞ وإِ ْﺳ َﺤﺎق ﺑﻦ راﻫﻮﻳﻪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮواﻳﺔ إ ْﺳ َﺤﺎق ﺑﻦ ﻣﻨﺼﻮر اﳌﺮوزي‪ ،(2179/5) ،‬اﳌﻐﻨﻲ ِﰲ ﻓﻘﻪ اﻹ َﻣﺎم‬ ‫اﻹ َﻣﺎم َأ ْ َﲪﺪ ﺑﻦ َﺣ ْﻨ َﺒﻞ اﻟﺸﻴﺒﺎﲏ‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ ﻗﺪاﻣﺔ اﳌﻘﺪﳼ‪.(119/5) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ (2‬إِ ْﺣ َﻜﺎ ُم ا ْ َﻷ ْﺣ َﻜﺎم َ ْﴍح ُﻋ ْﻤ َﺪة ا َﻷ ْﺣ َﻜﺎ ِم‪.(15/3) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ (3‬و ُﻫﻮ َﻣ ْﺬ َﻫﺐ اﻟ ﱠﺸﺎﻓِ ِﻌ ّﻲ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻠﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪ :‬اﻷم‪ ،‬ﻟﻠ ﱠﺸﺎﻓِ ِﻌ ّﻲ‪.(367/3) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ِ (4‬ﰲ )أ( \"اﻟﻨﻮاوي\"‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (5‬ﻟﻌﻞ اﻹ َﻣﺎ َم اﻟ ُﺒ ْﻠ ِﻘﻴﻨِ ّﻲ ﱂ ﻳﻨﺘﺒﻪ إِ َﱃ أن اﻟ ﱠﺸ ْﻴ َﺦ اﺑ َﻦ دﻗﻴﻖ اﻟﻌﻴﺪ ﻋﻜﺲ رواﻳﺘﻲ ا َْﳊ ِﺪﻳﺚ ﻓﺠﻌﻞ رواﻳﺔ اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨـﺎ ِر ّي ﳌﺴـﻠﻢ‪ ،‬ورواﻳـﺔ ﻣﺴـﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺒﺨﺎري‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ َﻗﺎ َل ‪َ :‬ﻋﻦ َأ ِﰊ ُﻫ َﺮ ْﻳ َﺮ َة َر ِ َﴈ ا ُﷲ َﻋ ْﻨ ُﻪ‪َ ،‬ﻗﺎ َل ‪َ :‬ﻗﺎ َل َر ُﺳﻮ ُل ا ِﷲ َﺻ ﱠﲆ ا ُﷲ َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴ ِﻪ َو َﺳ ﱠﻠ َﻢ ‪َ \" :‬ﻻ َﳛِ ﱡﻞ ِﻻ ْﻣ َﺮ َأ ٍة ُﺗ ْﺆ ِﻣ ُﻦ ﺑِﺎﷲِ َواﻟ َﻴـ ْﻮ ِم‬ ‫اﻵ ِﺧ ِﺮ َأ ْن ُﺗ َﺴﺎﻓِ َﺮ َﻣ ِﺴ َﲑ َة َﻳ ْﻮ ٍم َو َﻟ ْﻴ َﻠ ٍﺔ إِ ﱠﻻ َو َﻣ َﻌ َﻬﺎ ُﺣ ْﺮ َﻣ ٌﺔ\"‪.‬‬ ‫و ِﰲ ﻟﻔﻆ اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨﺎ ِر ّي ‪َ \" :‬ﻻ ُﺗ َﺴﺎﻓِ ُﺮ َﻣ ِﺴ َﲑ َة َﻳ ْﻮ ٍم إِ ﱠﻻ َﻣ َﻊ ِذي َ ْﳏ َﺮ ٍم\"‪.‬‬ ‫َواﻟ ﱠﺼ َﻮاب اﻟﻌﻜﺲ‪.‬‬ ‫َﺻ ِﺤﻴ ُﺢ اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨﺎ ِر ّي ‪ (18) :‬ﻛِ َﺘﺎ ُب َﺗ ْﻘ ِﺼ ِﲑ اﻟ ﱠﺼ َﻼة‪َ (4) ،‬ﺑﺎ ٌب ِﰲ َﻛ ْﻢ َﻳ ْﻘ ُ ُﴫ اﻟ ﱠﺼ َﻼة‪َ ،(1088) ،‬ﺻ ِﺤﻴﺢ ُﻣ ْﺴ ِﻠﻢ ‪ِ (15) :‬ﻛ َﺘﺎب ا َْﳊـ ﱢﺞ‪،‬‬ ‫)‪َ (74‬ﺑﺎ ُب َﺳ َﻔ ِﺮ اﳌَْ ْﺮ َأ ِة َﻣ َﻊ َ ْﳏ َﺮ ٍم إِ َﱃ َﺣ ﱟﺞ َو َﻏ ْ ِﲑ ِه‪.(1339/420) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ (6‬إِ ْﺣ َﻜﺎ ُم ا ْﻷَ ْﺣ َﻜﺎم َ ْﴍح ُﻋ ْﻤ َﺪة اﻷَ ْﺣ َﻜﺎ ِم‪.(19/3) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ (7‬ﻧﻌﻢ ﱂ ﳚﺰ َذﻟِ َﻚ اﻟﻨﱠ َﻮ ِو ّي‪َ ،‬و َﻗﺎ َل‪ :‬إن اﳌَ ْﺸ ُﻬﻮر ﻣﻦ ﻧﺼﻮص اﻟ ﱠﺸﺎﻓِ ِﻌ ّﻲ ُﺣ ُﺼﻮل اﻷﻣﻦ ﺑﺰوج‪َ ،‬أ ْو ﳏﺮم‪َ ،‬أ ْو ﻧﺴﻮة ﺛﻘـﺎت‪ ،‬وﻟـﻴﺲ ﻛﺜـﺮة‬ ‫اﻷﻣﻦ‪ ،‬وﻻ ﲢﺘﺎج إِ َﱃ أﺣﺪ ﺑﻞ ﺗﺴﲑ وﺣﺪﻫﺎ ِﰲ ﲨﻠﺔ اﻟﻘﺎﻓﻠﺔ وﺗﻜﻮن آﻣﻨﺔ‪ ،‬وﻟﻴﺲ ﻛ َﲈ اﻛﺘ ِﻔﻲ ﺑ َﺬ ِﻟ َﻚ اﻟ ﱠﺸ ْﻴﺦ اﺑﻦ دﻗﻴﻖ اﻟﻌﻴﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪ْ َ :‬ﴍ َح اﻟ ﱠﻨ َﻮ ِو ّي َﻋ َﲆ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ‪.(104/9) ،‬‬ ‫‪261‬‬

‫َو ِﻣ ْﻦ َذﻟِ َﻚ َﻣﺎ َﻛ َﺘ َﺒ ُﻪ َﻋ َﲆ ﻗﻮل اﻟ ﱠﺸ ْﻴ ِﺦ َﺗ ِﻘ ﱢﻲ اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳﻦ ِﰲ ‪ْ َ \" :‬ﲬ ٌﺲ َﻓ َﻮا ِﺳـ ُﻖ‪ُ ،‬ﻳ ْﻘـ َﺘ ْﻠ َﻦ ِﰲ ا ِْﳊـ ﱢﻞ َوا َْﳊـ َﺮ ِم\"‪َ ،‬ﻋـ َﲆ‬ ‫اﻟﺮواﻳﺘﲔ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻨﻮﻳﻦ)‪ (1‬واﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ)‪ ،(2‬أن ﺑ َﲔ اﻟﺘﻨﻮﻳﻦ واﻹﺿﺎﻓ ِﺔ ﻓﺮ ًﻗﺎ دﻗﻴ ًﻘﺎ‪ ،‬و َذﻟِ َﻚ أن اﻹﺿﺎﻓ َﺔ ﺗﻘﺘﴤ اﳊﻜـﻢ َﻋـ َﲆ‬ ‫ﲬﺲ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﻮاﺳﻖ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺘﻞ‪ ،‬ورﺑ َﲈ ﻳﺸﻌﺮ)‪ (3‬اﻟﺘﺨﺼـﻴﺺ ﺑ ِﺨـ َﻼف اﳊﻜـﻢ ِﰲ ﻏﲑﻫـﺎ ﺑﻄﺮﻳـﻖ اﳌﻔﻬـﻮم‪ ،‬وأ ّﻣـﺎ ﻣـﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻨﻮﻳﻦ ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻳﻘﺘﴤ وﺻﻒ ا َﳋﻤﺲ ﺑﺎﻟ ِﻔﺴﻖ ﻣﻦ ﺟﻬﺔ اﳌﻌﻨﻰ‪ ،‬وﻗﺪ ﻳﻘﺘﴤ َذﻟِ َﻚ)‪ (4‬أن اﳊﻜﻢ اﳌﱰﺗﺐ َﻋـ َﲆ َذﻟِـ َﻚ‪،‬‬ ‫و ُﻫ َﻮ اﻟﻘﺘﻞ ﻣﻌﻠﻞ ﺑ َﲈ ﺟﻌ َﻞ وﺻ ًﻔﺎ و ُﻫ َﻮ اﻟﻔﺴﻖ‪ ،‬ﻓِﻴﻘﺘﴤ َذﻟِ َﻚ اﻟﺘﻌﻤﻴﻢ)‪ (5‬ﻟﻜﻞ َﻣﺎ ﺳﺒﻖ ِﻣ َﻦ اﻟ ﱠﺪوا ِب‪ ،‬و ُﻫ َﻮ ﺿﺪ َﻣﺎ‬ ‫اﻗﺘﻀﺎه اﻷول ﻣﻦ اﻟﻌﻤﻮم‪ ،‬و ُﻫ َﻮ ‪/49‬أ اﻟﺘﺨﺼﻴﺺ)‪.(6‬‬ ‫َﻗﺎ َل َﺷ ْﻴ ُﺨﻨَﺎ اﻟ َﻮاﻟِ ُﺪ َر ِ َﴈ ا ُﷲ َﻋ ْﻨ ُﻪ ‪ :‬اﻹﺷﻌﺎر ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺨﺼﻴ ِﺺ ا ﱠﻟ ِﺬي ذﻛﺮه اﻟ ﱠﺸﺎ ِر ُح إن ﺟﺎء ﻣـﻦ ﻗﺒـﻞ)‪ (7‬ﻣـﻦ‬ ‫اﳌﻘﺪرة ِﰲ اﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﻓﻼ ﻳﺴﻠﻢ؛ ﻷ ﱠن )‪(8‬ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬه)‪ (9‬ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﻟﻠﺘﺒﻌﻴﺾ‪ ،‬ﺑﻞ ﻫـﻲ ﻟﺒﻴـﺎن اﳉـﻨﺲ‪ ،‬وإن َﻛـﺎ َن ﻣـﻦ ﺟﻬـﺔ‬ ‫اﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﻧﻔﺴﻬﺎ ﻓﻼ ﻳﺼﺢ‪ ،‬وﺣﻴﻨﺌﺬ ﻓﻼ ﻓﺮق‪ُ ،‬ﺛ ﱠﻢ َﻗﺎ َل اﻟ ﱠﺸ ْﻴ ُﺦ َﺗ ِﻘ ﱡﻲ اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳﻦ ‪\" :‬إن اﻟﻘﺎﺋﻠﲔ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺨﺼـﻴﺺ ﺑﺎﳋﻤﺴـﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫و َﻣﺎ ﺟﺎء ﻣﻌﻬﺎ ِﰲ َﺣ ِﺪﻳﺚ آﺧﺮ ﻣﻦ َذ َﻛ َﺮ اﳊﻴﺔ‪ ،‬وﻓﻮا ﺑﻤﻘﺘﴣ ﻣﻔﻬﻮم اﻟﻌﺪد\")‪.(10‬‬ ‫)‪َ (1‬ﺻ ِﺤﻴ ُﺢ اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨﺎ ِر ّي ‪ (59) :‬ﻛِ َﺘﺎب َﺑ ْﺪ ِء ا َﳋ ْﻠ ِﻖ‪َ (16) ،‬ﺑﺎ ُب َ ْﲬ ٌﺲ ِﻣ َﻦ اﻟ ﱠﺪ َوا ﱢب َﻓ َﻮا ِﺳـ ُﻖ‪ُ ،‬ﻳ ْﻘـ َﺘ ْﻠ َﻦ ِﰲ ا َﳊـ َﺮ ِم‪،(3315 ،3314) ،‬‬ ‫َﺻ ِﺤﻴ ُﺢ ُﻣ ْﺴﻠِﻢ ‪ِ (15) :‬ﻛ َﺘﺎب ا َْﳊ ﱢﺞ‪َ (9) ،‬ﺑﺎ ُب َﻣﺎ َﻳ ْﻨ ُﺪ ُب ِﻟ ْﻠ ُﻤ ْﺤ ِﺮ ِم َو َﻏ ْ ِﲑ ِه َﻗ ْﺘ َﻠ ُﻪ ِﻣ َﻦ اﻟـ ﱠﺪ َوا ﱢب ِﰲ ا ِْﳊـ ﱢﻞ َوا َْﳊـ َﺮ ِم‪،(1198/68) ،‬‬ ‫ﻛﻼﳘﺎ ِﻣ ْﻦ َﻃ ِﺮﻳ ِﻖ اﻟ ﱡﺰ ْﻫ ِﺮ ّي‪َ ،‬ﻋﻦ ُﻋ ْﺮ َو َة‪َ ،‬ﻋ ْﻦ َﻋﺎﺋِ َﺸﺔ َر ِ َﴈ ا ُﷲ َﻋ ْﻨ ُﻬﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ُ (2‬ﺳ َﻨ ُﻦ اﻟ ﱢ ْﱰ ِﻣ ِﺬ ّي ‪ (7) ،(204) :‬ﻛِ َﺘﺎب ا َْﳊ ﱢﺞ َﻋ ْﻦ َر ُﺳﻮ ِل اﷲِ َﺻ ﱠﲆ اﷲُ َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴ ِﻪ َو َﺳ ﱠﻠ َﻢ‪َ (21) ،‬ﺑﺎ ُب َﻣﺎ َﻳ ْﻘ ُﺘـ ُﻞ ا ُﳌ ْﺤـ ِﺮ ُم ِﻣـ َﻦ اﻟـ ﱠﺪ َوا ﱢب‪،‬‬ ‫)‪ُ ،(837‬ﺳﻨَ ُﻦ اﻟﻨﱠ َﺴﺎ ِﺋ ّﻲ ‪) :‬ص‪ِ (24) ،(446‬ﻛ َﺘﺎب َﻣ َﻨﺎ ِﺳ ِﻚ ا َْﳊ ﱢﺞ‪َ (87) ،‬ﺑﺎ ُب َﻣـﺎ ُﻳ ْﻘ َﺘـ ُﻞ ِﰲ ا َْﳊـ َﺮ ِم ِﻣـ ْﻦ اﻟـ ﱠﺪ َوا ﱢب‪،(2881) ،‬‬ ‫ﻛﻼﳘﺎ ِﻣ ْﻦ َﻃ ِﺮﻳ ِﻖ ِﻫ َﺸﺎ ِم ْﺑ ِﻦ ُﻋ ْﺮ َو َة‪َ ،‬ﻋﻦ َأﺑِﻴ ِﻪ‪َ ،‬ﻋ ْﻦ َﻋﺎﺋِ َﺸـﺔ َر ِ َﴈ ا ُﷲ َﻋﻨْ ُﻬـﺎ‪ ،‬وا ْﻧ ُﻈـ ْﺮ ﻋﻨـﺪ اﻟﻨﱠ َﺴـﺎ ِﺋ ّﻲ ا ْ َﻷ ْر َﻗـﺎم ‪،2890 ،2882) :‬‬ ‫‪ ،(2891‬ﻣﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ِﻫ َﺸﺎ ِم ْﺑ ِﻦ ُﻋ ْﺮ َو َة وﻏﲑه‪ُ ،‬ﺳ َﻨ ُﻦ اﺑﻦ َﻣﺎ َﺟﻪ ‪ِ (25) ،(524) :‬ﻛ َﺘﺎب ا َْﳌﻨَﺎ ِﺳ ِﻚ‪َ (91) ،‬ﺑـﺎ ُب َﻣـﺎ َﻳ ْﻘ ُﺘـ ُﻞ ا ُْﳌ ْﺤـ ِﺮ ُم‪،‬‬ ‫)‪ِ ،(3088‬ﻣ ْﻦ َﻃ ِﺮﻳ ِﻖ َﺳ ِﻌﻴﺪ ْﺑ ِﻦ ا ُْﳌ َﺴ ﱢﻴ ِﺐ‪َ ،‬ﻋ ْﻦ ُﻋ ْﺮ َو َة ْﺑ ِﻦ اﻟ ﱡﺰ َﺑ ْ ِﲑ‪َ ،‬ﻋ ْﻦ َﻋﺎ ِﺋ َﺸﺔ َر ِ َﴈ اﷲُ َﻋﻨْ ُﻬﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ِ (3‬ﰲ إِ ْﺣ َﻜﺎ ِم ا ْﻷَ ْﺣ َﻜﺎم ‪\" :‬أﺷﻌﺮ\"‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ِ (4‬ﰲ إِ ْﺣ َﻜﺎ ِم ا ْﻷَ ْﺣ َﻜﺎم ‪\" :‬وﻗﺪ ﻳﺸﻌﺮ ﺑﺄن\"‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ِ (5‬ﰲ )أ( \"اﻟﺘﻌﻴﻢ\" ﺧﻄﺄ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (6‬إِ ْﺣ َﻜﺎ ُم ا ْ َﻷ ْﺣ َﻜﺎم َ ْﴍح ُﻋ ْﻤ َﺪة ا َﻷ ْﺣ َﻜﺎ ِم‪.(33/3) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ (7‬ﻛﺘﺐ ﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ ِﰲ )ب( \"ﺟﻨﺲ\" ُﺛ ﱠﻢ ﴐب ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (8‬ﻛﻠﻤﺔ \"ﻣﻦ\" ﺳﺎﻗﻄﺔ ﻣﻦ )أ(‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (9‬ﻛﺘﺐ ﺑﻌﺪ \"ﻷن\" ِﰲ )ب( \"ﻫﺬ\" ﺑﺪون ﺣﺮف اﳍﺎء‪ُ ،‬ﺛ ﱠﻢ ﻛﺄﻧﻪ ﻧﴘ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ \"ﻣﻦ\" ﻓﻜﺘﺒﻬﺎ ﺑﲔ \"ﻷن\" و\"ﻫﺬ\" إِ َﱃ أﻋﲆ‪ُ ،‬ﺛ ﱠﻢ ﻛﺘـﺐ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺐ َﻋ َﲆ َﻳ َﺴﺎ ِر اﻟ ﱠﺼ ْﻔ َﺤ ِﺔ ِﰲ ا َﳊﺎ ِﺷ َﻴ ِﺔ \"ﺑﻴﺎن ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬه\"‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (10‬إِ ْﺣ َﻜﺎ ُم ا ْ َﻷ ْﺣ َﻜﺎم َ ْﴍح ُﻋ ْﻤ َﺪة اﻷَ ْﺣ َﻜﺎ ِم‪.(34/3) ،‬‬ ‫‪262‬‬

‫َﻗﺎ َل َﺷ ْﻴ ُﺨ َﻨﺎ ‪ :‬ﻣﻔﻬﻮ ُم اﻟﻌﺪ ِد ﱂ ﻳﻮ ِف)‪ (1‬ﺑﻪ أﺣﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺮﻳﻘﲔ‪ ،‬أ ّﻣﺎ اﳌﺨﺼﺼﻮن ﻓ َﻸ ﱠﳖﻢ أﳊﻘﻮا َﻣـﺎ ﱂ ﻳـﺬﻛﺮ‬ ‫ِﰲ اﻟﻌﺪد‪ ،‬وأ ّﻣﺎ ﻏﲑﻫﻢ ﻓﻈﺎﻫﺮ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﻮ ُل اﻟ ﱠﺸ ْﻴ ِﺦ اﻟ ﱠﺸﺎ ِر ِح ‪َ :‬و ﱡﻓﻮا ﺑِ ُﻤ ْﻘ َﺘ َﴣ ﻣﻔﻬﻮم اﻟﻌﺪ ِد ﻓِﻴﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫َو ِﻣ ْﻦ َذﻟِ َﻚ َﻣﺎ َﻛ َﺘ َﺒ ُﻪ َﻋ َﲆ ﻗﻮ ِل اﻟ ﱠﺸ ْﻴ ِﺦ َﺗ ِﻘ ﱢﻲ اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳ ِﻦ َﻋ َﲆ َﺣ ِﺪﻳ ِﺚ اﺑـ ِﻦ ُﻋ َﻤـ َﺮ ‪َ \" :‬ﲤَ ﱠﺘـ َﻊ)‪َ (2‬ر ُﺳـﻮ ُل اﷲِ َﺻـ ﱠﲆ اﷲُ‬ ‫َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴ ِﻪ َو َﺳ ﱠﻠ َﻢ ِﰲ َﺣ ﱠﺠ ِﺔ ا ْﻟ َﻮ َدا ِع ﺑِﺎﻟ ُﻌ ْﻤ َﺮة إِ َﱃ ا َْﳊ ﱢﺞ\")‪َ : (3‬أ ﱠﻧ ُﻪ ﳌَﺎ ذﻫ َﺐ ﺑﻌ ُﺾ اﻟ ﱠﻨﺎ ِس إِ َﱃ أن اﻟ ﱠﻨﺒِ ﱠﻲ َﺻ ﱠﲆ ا ُﷲ َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴ ِﻪ َو َﺳـ ﱠﻠ َﻢ‬ ‫ﻗﺎر َن َﻋ َﲆ ﻣ َﻌﻨﻰ َأ ﱠﻧ ُﻪ أﻫﻞ ﺑﺎﳊﺞ أوﻻً‪ُ ،‬ﺛ ﱠﻢ أدﺧ َﻞ اﻟ ُﻌ ْﻤ َﺮة ﻋﻠﻴـﻪ)‪ (4‬اﺣﺘـﺎج إِ َﱃ ﺗﺄوﻳـﻞ ﻗﻮﻟـﻪ ‪َ \" :‬أ َﻫـ ﱠﻞ ﺑِـﺎﻟ ُﻌ ْﻤ َﺮ ِة ُﺛـ ﱠﻢ‬ ‫ﺑِﺎ َﳊ ﱢﺞ\"‪َ ،‬ﻋ َﲆ َر ْﻓ ِﻊ اﻟ ﱠﺼﻮ ِت ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻠﺒﻴ ِﺔ‪ ،‬و َﻳ ُﻜﻮ ُن ﺗﻘﺪم ﻓِﻴﻬﺎ ﻟﻔﻆ ا ِﻹ ْﺣـ َﺮام ﺑـﺎﻟ ُﻌ ْﻤ َﺮ ِة َﻋـ َﲆ َﻟ ْﻔ َﻈـﺔ ا َﳊـ ّﺞ)‪ ،(5‬ﻓﺈﻧـﻪ َﻋـ َﲆ‬ ‫ِﺧ َﻼف اﺧﺘﻴﺎره‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﺤﻤﻞ اﻹﻫﻼل ِﰲ َﻗ ْﻮﻟِ ِﻪ ‪ :‬أﻫ ﱠﻞ ﺑِﺎﻟ ُﻌ ْﻤ َﺮةِ َﻋ َﲆ َﻟ ْﻔ َﻈ ٍﺔ ﺑِﺎ َﳊ ﱢﺞ‪ ،‬وﻻ ﻳﺮا ُد ﺑﻪ ﺗﻘﺪﻳ ُﻢ اﻹﺣﺮام ﺑـﺎﻟ ُﻌ ْﻤ َﺮة‬ ‫َﻋ َﲆ اﻹﺣﺮام ﺑﺎﳊﺞ؛ ﻷَ ﱠﻧﻪ ِﺧ َﻼف َﻣﺎ رآه‪ ،‬وأﻋﻠﻢ َأ ﱠﻧ ُﻪ ﻻ ﳛﺘﺎج ِﰲ اﳉﻤﻊ ﺑﲔ اﻷﺣﺎدﻳﺚ‪ ،‬إِ َﱃ ارﺗﻜﺎب ﻛﻮن اﻟﻘﺮان‬ ‫ﺑﻤ َﻌﻨﻰ ﺗﻘﺪﻳﻢ اﻹﺣﺮام ﺑِﺎ َﳊ ﱢﺞ َﻋ َﲆ ا ِﻹ ْﺣـ َﺮام ﺑـﺎﻟ ُﻌ ْﻤ َﺮة ﻓﺈﻧـﻪ ﻳﻤﻜـﻦ اﳉﻤـﻊ‪ ،‬وإن وﻗـ َﻊ اﻹﺣـﺮا ُم ﺑـﺎﻟ ُﻌ ْﻤ َﺮةِ أوﻻً‪،‬‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻟﺘﺄوﻳﻞ ا ﱠﻟ ِﺬي َذ َﻛ َﺮ ُه َﻏ ْﲑ ﳏﺘﺎج إﻟﻴﻪ ِﰲ ﻃﺮﻳ ِﻖ اﳉﻤﻊ)‪.(6‬‬ ‫َﻗﺎ َل َﺷ ْﻴ ُﺨﻨَﺎ اﻟ َﻮاﻟِﺪ َر ِ َﴈ ا ُﷲ َﻋ ْﻨ ُﻪ ‪ :‬ﻳ َﻘﺎ ُل ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﱂ ﻳﺮﺗﻜ ْﺐ َﻫـ َﺬا اﻟﻘﺎﺋـﻞ)‪ (7‬ﻛـﻮن ﺑﻤﻌﻨـﻰ ﺗﻘـﺪﻳﻢ ا ِﻹ ْﺣـ َﺮا ِم‬ ‫ﺑﺎﳊﺞ َﻋ َﲆ ا ْﻟ ُﻌ ْﻤ ِﺮة)‪ (8‬ﺑﻤﺠﺮد)‪ (9‬اﳉﻤﻊ‪ ،‬ﺑـﻞ ﻟ ِﺼـ ﱠﺤ ِﺔ ا َْﳊـ ِﺪﻳ ِﺚ ا ﱠﻟـ ِﺬي ﺟـﺎ َء ﺑـﺎﻹﻓﺮادِ أوﻻً ﻣـﻦ َﺣـ ِﺪﻳ ِﺚ ﺟـﺎﺑ ٍﺮ)‪(10‬‬ ‫)‪ِ (1‬ﰲ )ب( \"ﻳﻌﺮف\"‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ِ (2‬ﰲ )أ( \"ﳌﻨﻊ\" ﺧﻄﺄ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪َ (3‬ﺻ ِﺤﻴ ُﺢ اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨﺎ ِر ّي ‪ِ (25) :‬ﻛ َﺘﺎب ا َﳊ ﱢﺞ‪َ (104) ،‬ﺑﺎ ُب َﻣ ْﻦ َﺳﺎ َق اﻟ ُﺒ ْﺪ َن َﻣ َﻌ ُﻪ‪َ ،(1691) ،‬ﺻ ِﺤﻴﺢ ُﻣ ْﺴﻠِﻢ ‪ِ (15) :‬ﻛ َﺘﺎب ا َﳊ ﱢﺞ‪(24) ،‬‬ ‫)‪َ (24‬ﺑﺎ ُب ُو ُﺟﻮ ِب اﻟ ﱠﺪ ِم َﻋ َﲆ اﳌُْ َﺘ َﻤ ﱢﺘ ِﻊ‪َ ،‬و َأ ﱠﻧ ُﻪ إِ َذا َﻋ َﺪ َﻣ ُﻪ َﻟ ِﺰ َﻣ ُﻪ َﺻ ْﻮ ُم َﺛ َﻼ َﺛ ِﺔ َأ ﱠﻳﺎ ٍم ِﰲ ا َْﳊـ ﱢﺞ َو َﺳـ ْﺒ َﻌ ٍﺔ إِ َذا َر َﺟـ َﻊ إِ َﱃ َأ ْﻫﻠِـ ِﻪ‪،(1227/174) ،‬‬ ‫ﻛﻼﳘﺎ ِﻣ ْﻦ َﻃ ِﺮﻳ ِﻖ اﻟ ﱡﺰ ْﻫ ِﺮ ّي‪َ ،‬ﻋﻦ َﺳﺎ ِﱂِ ْﺑ ِﻦ َﻋ ْﺒﺪ اﷲِ‪َ ،‬ﻋﻦ ا ْﺑ ِﻦ ُﻋ َﻤ َﺮ َر ِ َﴈ اﷲُ َﻋﻨْ ُﻬ َﲈ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ِ (4‬ﰲ )ب( \"ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ\"‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (5‬ﻋﺒﺎرة \"ﻋﲆ رﻓﻊ اﻟﺼﻮت ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻠﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬و َﻳ ُﻜﻮن ﺗﻘﺪم ﻓِﻴﻬﺎ ﻟﻔﻆ اﻹﺣﺮام ﺑﺎﻟ ُﻌ ْﻤ َﺮة َﻋ َﲆ َﻟ ْﻔ َﻈﺔ اﳊﺞ\" ﺳﺎﻗﻄﺔ ﻣﻦ )أ(‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (6‬ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪ :‬إِ ْﺣ َﻜﺎ َم ا ْﻷَ ْﺣ َﻜﺎم َ ْﴍح ُﻋ ْﻤ َﺪة اﻷَ ْﺣ َﻜﺎ ِم‪.(54 ،53 /3) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ (7‬ﻛﺘﺒﺖ ِﰲ )ب( \"اﻟﻘﺮان\" ُﺛ ﱠﻢ ﻛﺘﺐ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ \"اﻟﻘﺎﺋﻞ\"‪ُ ،‬ﺛ ﱠﻢ ﻛﺘﺐ َﻋ َﲆ َﻳ َﺴﺎ ِر اﻟ ﱠﺼ ْﻔ َﺤ ِﺔ ِﰲ ا َﳊﺎ ِﺷ َﻴ ِﺔ \"ﺑﻴﺎن اﻟﻘﺎﺋﻞ\"‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (8‬ﻋﺒﺎرة \"ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ اﳉﻤﻊ‪ ،‬وإن وﻗﻊ اﻹﺣﺮام ﺑﺎﻟ ُﻌ ْﻤ َﺮة أو ًﻻ ﻓﺎﻟﺘﺄوﻳﻞ اﻟﺬي ذﻛﺮه َﻏ ْﲑ ﳏﺘﺎج إﻟﻴﻪ ِﰲ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ اﳉﻤﻊ‪َ ،‬ﻗﺎ َل َﺷ ْﻴ ُﺨﻨَﺎ اﻟ َﻮاﻟِﺪ‬ ‫اﻟ َﻮاﻟِﺪ َر ِ َﴈ ا ُﷲ َﻋ ْﻨ ُﻪ ‪ :‬ﻳ َﻘﺎل ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﱂ ﻳﺮﺗﻜﺐ َﻫ َﺬا اﻟﻘﺮءان ﻛﻮن ﺑﻤ َﻌﻨﻰ ﺗﻘﺪﻳﻢ اﻹﺣﺮام ﺑﺎﳊﺞ َﻋ َﲆ اﻟ ُﻌ ْﻤ ِﺮة\" ﺳﺎﻗﻄﺔ ﻣﻦ )أ(‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ِ (9‬ﰲ )ب( \"ﳌﺠﺮد\"‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (10‬اﳊﺪﻳﺚ رواه اﻟﺒﺨﺎري ﺑﺴﻨﺪه ﻣﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻋﻄﺎ ِء ﺑ ِﻦ أﰊ رﺑﺎح ﺣﻴﺚ َﻗﺎ َل ‪َ :‬ﺣ ﱠﺪ َﺛﻨِﻲ َﺟﺎﺑِ ُﺮ ْﺑ ُﻦ َﻋ ْﺒ ِﺪ اﷲِ َر ِ َﴈ اﷲُ َﻋـ ْﻨ ُﻬ َﲈ َأ ﱠﻧـ ُﻪ َﺣـ ﱠﺞ َﻣـ َﻊ‬ ‫اﻟ ﱠﻨﺒِ ﱢﻲ َﺻ ﱠﲆ ا ُﷲ َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴ ِﻪ َو َﺳ ﱠﻠ َﻢ َﻳ ْﻮ َم َﺳﺎ َق ا ْﻟ ُﺒ ْﺪ َن َﻣ َﻌ ُﻪ‪َ ،‬و َﻗ ْﺪ َأ َﻫ ﱡﻠﻮا ﺑِﺎ َْﳊ ﱢﺞ ُﻣ ْﻔ َﺮ ًدا‪َ ،‬ﻓ َﻘﺎ َل َُﳍ ْﻢ ‪َ :‬أ ِﺣ ﱡﻠﻮا ِﻣ ْﻦ إِ ْﺣ َﺮا ِﻣ ُﻜ ْﻢ ‪. ...‬‬ ‫َﺻ ِﺤﻴ ُﺢ اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨﺎ ِر ّي ‪ (25) :‬ﻛِ َﺘﺎ ُب ا َﳊ ﱢﺞ‪َ (34) ،‬ﺑﺎ ُب اﻟ ﱠﺘ َﻤ ﱡﺘـ ِﻊ َوا ِﻹ ْﻗـ َﺮا ِن َوا ِﻹ ْﻓـ َﺮا ِد ﺑِـﺎ َﳊ ﱢﺞ‪َ ،‬و َﻓ ْﺴـ ِﺦ ا َﳊـ ﱢﺞ َﳌِـ ْﻦ َﱂْ َﻳ ُﻜـ ْﻦ َﻣ َﻌـ ُﻪ َﻫـ ْﺪ ٌي‪،‬‬ ‫)‪ ،(1568‬وا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪َ ،(7230 ،1785) :‬ﺻ ِﺤﻴ ُﺢ ُﻣ ْﺴﻠِﻢ ‪ (15) :‬ﻛِ َﺘﺎب ا َﳊ ﱢﺞ‪َ (17) ،‬ﺑﺎ ُب َﺑ َﻴﺎ ِن ُو ُﺟﻮ ِه ا ْ ِﻹ ْﺣ َﺮا ِم‪َ ،‬و َأ ﱠﻧ ُﻪ َ ُﳚﻮ ُز إِ ْﻓ َﺮا ُد ا َْﳊ ﱢﺞ‬ ‫َواﻟ ﱠﺘ َﻤ ﱡﺘ ِﻊ َوا ْﻟ ِﻘ َﺮا ِن‪َ ،‬و َﺟ َﻮا ِز إِ ْد َﺧﺎ ِل ا َْﳊ ﱢﺞ َﻋ َﲆ ا ْﻟ ُﻌ ْﻤ ِﺮة‪َ ،‬و َﻣ َﺘﻰ َﳛِ ﱡﻞ ا ْﻟ َﻘﺎ ِر ُن ِﻣ ْﻦ ُﻧ ُﺴ ِﻜ ِﻪ‪ ،(1213/136) ،‬وا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪/143 ،142 ،141) :‬‬ ‫‪.(1216‬‬ ‫‪263‬‬

‫وﻏﲑه)‪ ،(1‬و َﺻ ﱠﺢ ﻣﻦ ﻃﺮﻳ ِﻖ اﺑ ِﻦ ُﻋ َﻤ َﺮ َر ِ َﴈ ا ُﷲ َﻋﻨْ ُﻪ أ ﱠن اﻟ ﱠﻨﺒِ ّﻲ َﺻ ﱠﲆ اﷲُ َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴـ ِﻪ َو َﺳـ ﱠﻠ َﻢ َأ َﻫـ ﱠﻞ ﺑِـﺎﻟ ُﻌ ْﻤ َﺮة َﺑ ْﻌـ َﺪ إِ ْﻫ َﻼﻟِـ ِﻪ‬ ‫ﺑِﺎ َْﳊ ﱢﺞ)‪ ،(2‬ﻓﻠ َﻬ َﺬا ﺗﻌﲔ ﻋﻨﺪ َﻫ َﺬا اﻟﻘﺎﺋﻞ إﺑﺪاء اﻟﻄﺮﻳﻖ ا ﱠﻟ ِﺬي ذﻛﺮه‪ ،‬وأ ّﻣﺎ إن َﻛﺎ َن وﻗ َﻊ اﻹﺣﺮا ُم أوﻻً ﺑـﺎﻟ ُﻌ ْﻤ َﺮ ِة ﻓ َﻬـ َﺬا‬ ‫ِﺧ َﻼف اﳌﺸﻬﻮر ِﰲ أﺣﺎدﻳﺚ اﻹﻓﺮاد‪.‬‬ ‫َو ِﻣ ْﻦ َذﻟِ َﻚ َﻣﺎ َﻛ َﺘ َﺒ ُﻪ َﻋ َﲆ ﻗﻮ ِل اﻟ ﱠﺸ ْﻴ ِﺦ َﺗ ِﻘ ﱢﻲ اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳ ِﻦ ‪ :‬واﺧﺘﻠﻔﻮا ِﰲ َأ ﱠﻧ ُﻪ ﻟﻮ أﺣﺮ َم ﺑﺎﻟ ُﻌ ْﻤ َﺮ ِة ﻣﻦ َﻣ ﱠﻜ َﺔ ﻫﻞ َﻳ ُﻜـﻮن‬ ‫َﺻ ِﺤﻴ ًﺤﺎ‪ ،‬وﻳﻠﺰﻣﻪ دم َأ ْو َﻳ ُﻜﻮن ﺑﺎﻃ ًﻼ؟ و ِﰲ َﻣ ْﺬ َﻫ ِﺐ اﻟ ﱠﺸﺎﻓِ ِﻌ ّﻲ َر ِ َﴈ ا ُﷲ َﻋﻨْ ُﻪ ﺧﻼف)‪.(3‬‬ ‫َﻗﺎ َل َﺷ ْﻴ ُﺨﻨَﺎ اﻟ َﻮاﻟِﺪ َر ِ َﴈ اﷲُ َﻋﻨْ ُﻪ ‪َ :‬ﻟ ْﻴ َﺲ ِﰲ َﻣ ْﺬ َﻫ ِﺐ اﻟ ﱠﺸﺎﻓِ ِﻌ ّﻲ َر ِ َﴈ ا ُﷲ َﻋ ْﻨ ُﻪ ﺧﻼف)‪ِ (4‬ﰲ ِﺻ ﱠﺤ ِﺔ اﻹﺣﺮام‪،‬‬ ‫اﻹﺣﺮام‪ ،‬وإ ﱠﻧ َﲈ ا ِﳋ َﻼ ُف ِﰲ ﺻﺤ ِﺔ)‪ (5‬اﻷﻋ َﲈل اﳌَﺄﰐ ﲠﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ اﻹﺣﺮا ِم‪ ،‬وﻋﺒﺎر ُة اﻟﺘﻨﺒﻴﻪ)‪ُ (6‬ﺗﻮﻫﻢ َﻣﺎ َﻗﺎ َل اﻟ ﱠﺸ ْﻴﺦ اﻟﺸﺎرح‪،‬‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺎرح‪ ،‬وﻟﻴﺲ َذﻟِ َﻚ ﺑﻤﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫َو ِﻣ ْﻦ َذﻟِ َﻚ َﻣﺎ َﻛ َﺘ َﺒ ُﻪ َﻋ َﲆ ا َْﳊﺎﻓِ ِﻆ َﻋ ْﺒ ِﺪ اﻟ َﻐﻨِ ّﻲ َﺻﺎ ِﺣ ِﺐ اﻟ ُﻌ ْﻤ َﺪةِ ِﰲ اﻗﺘﺼﺎره ِﰲ َﺣ ِﺪﻳ ِﺚ َأ ِﰊ َﻗ َﺘﺎ َد َة ‪َ :‬أ ﱠن َر ُﺳﻮ َل‬ ‫اﷲِ َﺻ ﱠﲆ ا ُﷲ َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴ ِﻪ َو َﺳ ﱠﻠ َﻢ َﺧ َﺮ َج َﺣﺎﺟﺎ)‪.(8)(7‬‬ ‫َﻓ َﻘﺎ َل َﺷﻴْ ُﺨ َﻨﺎ اﻟ َﻮا ِﻟ ُﺪ َر ِ َﴈ ا ُﷲ َﻋ ْﻨ ُﻪ ‪ :‬ﻳﺘﻌﺠﺐ ﻣﻦ ا َْﳊﺎﻓِ ِﻆ َﻋﺒْ ِﺪ اﻟ َﻐﻨِـ ّﻲ ِﰲ اﻗﺘﺼـﺎ ِر ِه َﻋـ َﲆ َذ َﻛـ َﺮ ﻫـﺬه اﻟﺮواﻳـﺔ‬ ‫اﳌﻮﳘﺔ أن َذﻟِ َﻚ َﻛﺎ َن ِﰲ ﺣﺠﺔ اﻟﻮداع‪ ،‬و َﻫ َﺬا اﻟﻮﻫﻢ ﻳﺘﺒﺎدر إﻟﻴﻪ اﻟﺬﻫﻦ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﱂ ﳜﺮج ‪/49‬ب ﺣﺎﺟﺎ ﻗﻂ ﻣـﻦ اﳌَ ِﺪﻳﻨَـﺔ)‪(9‬‬ ‫إﻻ ِﰲ ﺣﺠﺔ اﻟﻮداع‪ ،‬وإﻧ َﲈ اﳌﺮا ُد ﺑﺎ َﳊ ﱢﺞ ﻫﻨﺎ اﻟﻘﺼﺪ ﻟﻠﺒﻴ ِﺖ اﳌُ َﻌﻈﱠ ِﻢ‪َ ،‬أ ْو اﳊﺞ اﻷﺻﻐﺮ و ُﻫ َﻮ اﻟ ُﻌ ْﻤ ِﺮة‪ ،‬وﻳﺪل َﻋ َﲆ َذ ِﻟـ َﻚ أن‬ ‫)‪ِ (1‬ﻣ ْﻨ َﻬﺎ َﺣ ِﺪﻳ ُﺚ َﻋﺎﺋِ َﺸﺔ‪َ ،‬ر َوا ُه ُﻣ ْﺴ ِﻠ ٌﻢ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﻗﻢ ‪ ،(1211/122) :‬و َﺣ ِﺪﻳ ُﺚ اﺑﻦ ُﻋ َﻤ َﺮ َأ ْﺧ َﺮ َﺟ ُﻪ ُﻣ ْﺴ ِﻠ ٌﻢ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﻗﻢ ‪.(1231/184) :‬‬ ‫)‪ (2‬ﱂ أﻗﻒ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (3‬ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪ :‬إِ ْﺣ َﻜﺎ َم ا ْﻷَ ْﺣ َﻜﺎم َ ْﴍح ُﻋ ْﻤ َﺪة اﻷَ ْﺣ َﻜﺎ ِم‪.(74/3) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ (4‬ﻋﺒﺎرة \" َﻗﺎ َل َﺷ ْﻴ ُﺨﻨَﺎ اﻟ َﻮا ِﻟﺪ َر ِ َﴈ ا ُﷲ َﻋﻨْ ُﻪ ‪َ :‬ﻟ ْﻴ َﺲ ِﰲ َﻣ ْﺬ َﻫﺐ اﻟ ﱠﺸﺎﻓِ ِﻌ ّﻲ َر ِ َﴈ ا ُﷲ َﻋﻨْ ُﻪ ﺧﻼف\" ﺳﺎﻗﻄﺔ ﻣﻦ )ب(‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (5‬ﻛﺘﺒﺖ ِﰲ )ب( أوﻻً \"اﻹﺣﺮام\" ُﺛ ﱠﻢ ﴐب ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺑﺨﻂ ﻓﻮﻗﻬﺎ‪ُ ،‬ﺛ ﱠﻢ ﻛﺘﺐ \"اﻷﻋ َﲈل\"‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (6‬أي ﻛِ َﺘﺎب اﻟﺘﻨﺒﻴﻪ ِﰲ ا ْﻟ ِﻔ ْﻘﻪ اﻟ ﱠﺸﺎﻓِ ِﻌ ّﻲ‪َ ،‬ﻷ ِﰊ إِ ْﺳ َﺤﺎق اﻟ ﱢﺸ َﲑا ِز ّي‪ ،(79 /1) ،‬وﻫـﻮ َﻏـ ْﲑ اﻟﺘﻨﺒﻴـﻪ ِﰲ ﻓـﺮوع ا ْﻟ ِﻔ ْﻘـﻪ اﻟ ﱠﺸـﺎﻓِ ِﻌ ّﻲ‪َ ،‬ﻷ ِﰊ‬ ‫ﻃﺎﻫﺮ ﳎﺪ اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳﻦ ُ َﳏ ﱠﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻳﻌﻘﻮب ﺑﻦ إﺑﺮاﻫﻴﻢ اﻟ ﱢﺸ َﲑا ِز ّي‪ ،‬اﻟﻔﲑوز أﺑﺎدي‪ ،‬ا ُﳌ َﺘ َﻮ ﱠﰱ ﺳﻨﺔ ‪817‬ﻫـ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪َ (7‬ﺻ ِﺤﻴ ُﺢ اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨﺎ ِر ّي ‪ (28) :‬ﻛِ َﺘﺎ ُب ﺟﺰاء اﻟ ﱠﺼ ْﻴ ِﺪ‪َ (5) ،‬ﺑﺎ ٌب َﻻ ُﻳ ِﺸ ُﲑ ا ُﳌ ْﺤ ِﺮ ُم إِ َﱃ اﻟ ﱠﺼ ْﻴ ِﺪ ﻟِ َﻜ ْﻲ َﻳ ْﺼ َﻄﺎ َد ُه ا َﳊ َﻼ ُل‪ ،(1824) ،‬وا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ‬ ‫وا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ا ْﻷَ ْر َﻗـﺎم ‪َ ،( ،5490،5490 ،4149 ،2914 ،2854 ،2569 ،1823 ،1822) :‬ﺻـ ِﺤﻴ ُﺢ ُﻣ ْﺴـ ِﻠﻢ ‪ِ (15) :‬ﻛ َﺘـﺎ ُب‬ ‫ا َﳊ ﱢﺞ‪َ (8) ،‬ﺑﺎ ُب ﲢﺮﻳﻢ اﻟ ﱠﺼ ْﻴ ِﺪ ﻟِ ْﻠ ُﻤ ْﺤ ِﺮ ِم‪.(1196 /60-56) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ُ (8‬ﻋ ْﻤ َﺪ ُة اﻷَ ْﺣ َﻜﺎ ِم‪) ،‬ص‪.(137‬‬ ‫)‪ (9‬ﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ ﺑﻴﺎض ِﰲ )ب( ﺑﻤﻘﺪار ﺣﺮﻓِﲔ‪.‬‬ ‫‪264‬‬

‫)‪ِ(1‬ﰲ ﺑﻘﻴ ِﺔ اﻟ ﱡﻄ ُﺮ ِق اﻟﺜﱠﺎﺑِ َﺘ ِﺔ ِﰲ اﻟ َﺼ ِﺤﻴﺤﲔ)‪ (2‬أن َذﻟِ َﻚ َﻛﺎ َن ِﰲ ُﻋ ْﻤ ِﺮة اﳊﺪﻳﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻼ ﳛﺴﻦ ِذ ْﻛ ُﺮ ﻫﺬه اﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺑﺎﻧﻔﺮادﻫـﺎ ﺑـﻞ‬ ‫اﻷﺣﺴﻦ أن ﻳﺬﻛﺮ ﻏﲑﻫﺎ‪َ ،‬أ ْو ﻳﻀﻢ إﻟﻴﻬﺎ رواﻳﺔ أﺧﺮى ﺗﺰﻳﻞ اﻟﻮﻫﻢ‪ ،‬و َﱂْ ُﻳﻨَ ﱢﺒ ْﻪ اﻟ ﱠﺸﺎ ِرح َﻋ َﲆ َذﻟِ َﻚ)‪.(3‬‬ ‫َو ِﻣ ْﻦ َذﻟِ َﻚ َﻣﺎ َﻛ َﺘ َﺒ ُﻪ َﻋ َﲆ َﻣﺎ َذ َﻛ َﺮ ُه اﻟ ﱠﺸ ْﻴ ُﺦ َﺗ ِﻘ ﱡﻲ اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳ ِﻦ ِﰲ ا َﳉ َﻮا ِب َﻋﻦ ﻋﺪ ِم إِ ْﺣ َﺮا ِم)‪ (4‬أﰊ َﻗ َﺘﺎ َدة‪ ،‬أن اﳉـﻮاب‬ ‫اﻷول ‪َ :‬أ ﱠﻧ ُﻪ ﻣﺒﻌﻮ ٌث ﻟ َﻜ ْﺸ ِﻒ َﻋ ُﺪ ّو)‪.(5‬‬ ‫َﻗﺎ َل َﺷﻴْ ُﺨ َﻨﺎ ‪ :‬ﳛﺘﺎ ُج إِ َﱃ َﺗﺘِ ﱠﻤ ِﺔ‪ ،‬و ُﻫ َﻮ أن اﳌﺒﻌﻮﺛﲔ ﺳـﺎروا ﺧـﺎﺋ ِﻔﲔ ﻣـﻦ اﻟ َﻌـ ُﺪ ﱢو‪ ،‬ﻓـﻼ ﻳﻠـﺰﻣﻬﻢ اﻹﺣـﺮام ﻣـﻦ‬ ‫اﳌﻴﻘﺎت‪ ،‬وﻗﺎﺻﺪ َﻣ ﱠﻜ َﺔ إذا َﻛﺎ َن ﺧﺎﺋ ًﻔﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺪو ﻻ ﻳﻠﺰﻣﻪ)‪ (6‬اﻹﺣﺮام‪ ،‬ﻛ َﲈ َﺟ َﺰ َم ﺑﻪ اﻟ ﱠﺸﺎﻓِ ِﻌ ّﻴﺔ)‪ ،(7‬وﱂ ﳜﺘﺺ أﺑﻮ َﻗ َﺘﺎ َدة ﺣـﲔ‬ ‫ﺣﲔ اﻟﺒﻌ ِﺚ ﺑﻨﺰل اﻹﺣﺮام‪ ،‬ﺑﻞ ُﻫ َﻮ وﻣﻦ ﻣﻌﻪ ﺗﺮﻛﻮا اﻹﺣﺮام‪ ،‬ﻓﻠ ﱠﲈ اﻧﴫﻓﻮا إِ َﱃ اﻟﻨﱠﺒِ ﱢﻲ َﺻ ﱠﲆ ا ُﷲ َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴـ ِﻪ َو َﺳـ ﱠﻠ َﻢ أﺣﺮﻣـﻮا‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻬﻢ إﻻ أﺑﺎ َﻗﺘَﺎ َدة‪ ،‬وإﻧ َﲈ ﺗﺄﺧ ﱠﺮ إﺣﺮا ُم أﰊ َﻗﺘَﺎ َد َة ﺑﻌﺪ اﻻﻧﴫاف؛ ﻷَ ﱠﻧﻪ ﳛﺘﻤﻞ َأ ﱠﻧ ُﻪ ِﻋﻨْﺪه ﺑﻌﺾ اﳋـﻮف‪ ،‬وأ ّﻣـﺎ اﳉـﻮاب‬ ‫ﺑﺄن َذﻟِ َﻚ َﻛﺎ َن ﻗﺒﻞ ﺗﻮﻗﻴﺖ اﳌﻮاﻗﻴﺖ ﻓ ِﻔﻴﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈن ِﰲ َﺻ ِﺤﻴ ِﺢ اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨﺎ ِر ﱢي َﻋﻦ اﳌِ ْﺴـ َﻮ ِر ْﺑـ ِﻦ َ ْﳐ َﺮ َﻣـ َﺔ‪َ ،‬و َﻣـ ْﺮ َوا َن)‪َ ،(8‬ﻗـﺎ َﻻ ‪:‬‬ ‫َﺧ َﺮ َج اﻟ ﱠﻨﺒِ ﱡﻲ َﺻ ﱠﲆ اﷲُ َﻋ َﻠﻴْ ِﻪ َو َﺳ ﱠﻠ َﻢ َﻋﺎ َم ا ُْﳊ َﺪ ْﻳﺒِ َﻴ ِﺔ ِﰲ ﺑِ ْﻀ َﻊ َﻋ ْ َﴩ َة َﻣﺎ َﺋ ًﺔ ِﻣ ْﻦ َأ ْﺻ َﺤﺎﺑ ِﻪ‪َ ،‬ﻓ َﻠ ﱠﲈ َﻛﺎ َن ﺑِـ ِﺬي ا ُْﳊ َﻠ ْﻴ َﻔـ ِﺔ َﻗ ﱠﻠـ َﺪ ا َْﳍـ ْﺪ َي‬ ‫َو َأ ْﺷ َﻌ َﺮ َو َأ ْﺣ َﺮ َم ِﻣ ْﻨ َﻬﺎ)‪ ،(9‬وﻗﺼﺔ أﰊ ﻗﺘﺎدة إﻧ َﲈ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ِﰲ ُﻋ ْﻤ ِﺮة اﳊﺪﻳﺒﻴﺔ ﺑﻼ ِﺧ َﻼف ﺑﲔ َأ ْﺻـ َﺤﺎ ِب اﻟ ﱢﺴـ َ ِﲑ‪ ،‬وﺣﻴﻨﺌـ ٍﺬ ﻓـﻼ‬ ‫َﻳ ِﺼ ﱡﺢ ا َﳉ َﻮا ِب ﺑﺄن اﳌﻮاﻗﻴ َﺖ ﱂ ﺗﻜﻦ ُو ﱢﻗﺘَ ْﺖ ﺑﻌﺪ؛ ﻷ ﱠن اﻟﺘﻮﻗﻴ َﺖ َﻛﺎ َن ﺣﺎﺻ ًﻼ ﺑﻔﻌ ِﻞ اﻟ ﱠﻨﺒِ ﱢﻲ َﺻ ﱠﲆ اﷲُ َﻋ َﻠﻴْ ِﻪ َو َﺳ ﱠﻠ َﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫َو ِﻣ ْﻦ َذ ِﻟ َﻚ َﻣﺎ ا ْﻋ َ َﱰ َض ﺑﻪ َﻋ َﲆ ا َْﳊـﺎﻓِ ِﻆ َﻋﺒْـ ِﺪ اﻟ َﻐﻨِـ ّﻲ ِﰲ ِذ ْﻛـ ِﺮ َﺣـ ِﺪﻳ ِﺚ َراﻓِـ ِﻊ ﺑـ ِﻦ َﺧـ ِﺪﻳ ٍﺞ ‪َ \" :‬ﺛ َﻤـ ُﻦ اﻟْ َﻜ ْﻠـ ِﺐ‬ ‫َﺧﺒِﻴ ٌﺚ‪ \"...‬ا َْﳊ ِﺪﻳﺚ)‪ ،(11)(10‬ﺑﺄن َﻫ َﺬا ﳑﱠﺎ اﻧﻔﺮ َد ﺑِ ِﻪ ُﻣ ْﺴ ِﻠ ٌﻢ‪ ،‬وﱂ ُ َﳜ ﱢﺮ ْﺟ ُﻪ اﻟﺒُ َﺨﺎ ِر ﱡي‪َ ،‬ﻗﺎ َل ‪ :‬وﻗﺪ َﺑﻴﱠ ْﻨ ُﺖ َذﻟِ َﻚ ِﰲ ﻧﺒﺪة اﻟ ُﻌ ْﻤـ َﺪ ِة ِﰲ‬ ‫َو ْﻫ ِﻢ َﻋﺒْ ِﺪ اﻟ َﻐﻨِ ّﻲ ِﰲ اﻟ ُﻌ ْﻤ َﺪ ِة‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (1‬ﻛﻠﻤﺔ \" ِﰲ\" ﺳﺎﻗﻄﺔ ﻣﻦ )ب(‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (2‬راﺟﻊ ﲣﺮﻳﺞ ا َْﳊ ِﺪﻳﺚ اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ِ (3‬ﰲ )ب( \"ﻟ َﺬ ِﻟ َﻚ\"‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ِ (4‬ﰲ )ب( \" ِﻋﻨْﺪ\"‪ ،‬و ِﰲ )أ( \"اﻹﺣﺮام\" ﺧﻄﺄ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (5‬ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪ :‬إِ ْﺣ َﻜﺎ َم ا ْﻷَ ْﺣ َﻜﺎم َ ْﴍح ُﻋ ْﻤ َﺪة اﻷَ ْﺣ َﻜﺎ ِم‪.(93/3) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ (6‬ﻛﺘﺐ ِﰲ )أ( ﻧﺼﻒ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ \"ﻳﻠﺰﻣﻪ\" \" ﻳﻠﺰ\" ِﰲ آﺧﺮ اﻟﺴﻄﺮ‪ ،‬وﺗﻜﻤﻠﺘﻬﺎ \"ﻣﻪ\" َﻋ َﲆ َﻳ َﺴـﺎ ِر اﻟ ﱠﺼـ ْﻔ َﺤ ِﺔ ِﰲ ا َﳊﺎ ِﺷـ َﻴ ِﺔ‪ ،‬و َذﻟِـ َﻚ ﳏﺎﻓﻈـﺔ َﻋـ َﲆ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻨﺴﻴﻖ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (7‬ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪ :‬اﻷ ﱠم‪ ،‬ﻟﻠ ﱠﺸﺎﻓِ ِﻌ ّﻲ‪.(354/3) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ُ (8‬ﻫ َﻮ ا ْﺑ َﻦ ا َﳊ َﻜ ِﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪َ (9‬ﺻ ِﺤﻴ ُﺢ اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨﺎ ِر ّي ‪ (64) :‬ﻛِ َﺘﺎ ُب اﳌَ َﻐﺎ ِزي‪َ (35) ،‬ﺑﺎ ُب َﻏـ ْﺰ َو ِة ا ُﳊ َﺪ ْﻳﺒِ َﻴـ ِﺔ‪ ،(4158 ،4157) ،‬وا ْﻧ ُﻈـ ْﺮ ‪،4178 ،2731 ،1694) :‬‬ ‫‪.(4178‬‬ ‫)‪َ (10‬ﺻ ِﺤﻴ ُﺢ ُﻣ ْﺴﻠِﻢ ‪ (22) :‬ﻛِ َﺘﺎ ُﺑﺲ ا ُﳌ َﺴﺎ َﻗﺎة‪َ (9) ،‬ﺑﺎ ُب ﲢﺮﻳﻢ َﺛ َﻤ ِﻦ ا ْﻟ َﻜ ْﻠ ِﺐ‪َ ،‬و ُﺣ ْﻠ َﻮا ِن ا ْﻟ َﻜﺎ ِﻫ ِﻦ‪َ ،‬و َﻣ ْﻬ ِﺮ ا ْﻟ َﺒ ِﻐ ﱢﻲ‪َ ،‬واﻟ ﱠﻨ ْﻬﻲ َﻋﻦ َﺑ ْﻴ ِﻊ اﻟ ﱢﺴﻨﱠ ْﻮ ِر‪،‬‬ ‫)‪.(1566 /41‬‬ ‫)‪ُ (11‬ﻋ ْﻤ َﺪ ُة ا َﻷ ْﺣ َﻜﺎ ِم‪) ،‬ص‪.(180‬‬ ‫‪265‬‬

‫َو ِﻣ ْﻦ َذﻟِ َﻚ َﻣﺎ ا ْﻋ َ َﱰ َض َﻋ َﲆ ا َْﳊﺎﻓِ ِﻆ َﻋ ْﺒ ِﺪ اﻟ َﻐﻨِ ّﻲ ِﰲ َﻗ ْﻮﻟِ ِﻪ ‪ :‬و ُﳌِ ْﺴﻠِ ٍﻢ ‪َ \" :‬ﻣ ِﻦ ا ْﺑ َﺘﺎ َع َﻋ ْﺒـ ًﺪا َﻓ َﲈ ُﻟـ ُﻪ ﻟِ ﱠﻠـ ِﺬي َﺑﺎ َﻋـ ُﻪ إِﻻﱠ َأ ْن‬ ‫َﻳ ْﺸ َ ِﱰ َط)‪ (1‬ا ُْﳌ ْﺒ َﺘﺎ ُع\")‪.(4)(3)(2‬‬ ‫َﻗﺎ َل َﺷ ْﻴ ُﺨ َﻨﺎ اﻟ َﻮاﻟِ ُﺪ َر ِ َﴈ اﷲُ َﻋ ْﻨ ُﻪ ‪َ :‬ﻫ َﺬا ﻳﻔﻬﻢ أن ﻫﺬه اﻟ ﱢﺰ َﻳﺎ َد َة ﻣﻦ أﻓﺮا ِد ُﻣ ْﺴﻠِ ٍﻢ‪ ،‬وﻗﺪ أﺧﺮﺟﻬﺎ)‪ (5‬اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨﺎ ِر ﱡي‬ ‫اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨﺎ ِر ﱡي ِﰲ أﺑﻮا ِب اﻟﴩ ِب ﺑﻌﺪ أﺑﻮا ِب اﳌﺴﺎﻗﺎة)‪ ،(7)(6‬و ِﰲ ا َْﳊ ِﺪﻳ ِﺚ َﻓ َﻮاﺋِ َﺪ ﻋﺪﻳﺪة ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ‪َ :‬أ ﱠﻧ ُﻪ ﻳﺪ ﱡل ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ‪َ \" :‬ﻣ ْﻦ َﺑﺎ َع\"‬ ‫)‪ِ (1‬ﰲ )أ( \"ﻳﴩﻃﻪ\" ﺧﻄﺄ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ُ (2‬ﻋ ْﻤ َﺪ ُة ا َﻷ ْﺣ َﻜﺎ ِم‪) ،‬ص‪.(182‬‬ ‫)‪َ (3‬ﺻ ِﺤﻴ ُﺢ ُﻣ ْﺴ ِﻠﻢ‪ِ (21) ،‬ﻛ َﺘﺎ ُب ا ْﻟ ُﺒ ُﻴﻮ ِع‪َ (15) ،‬ﺑﺎ ُب َﻣ ْﻦ َﺑﺎ َع َﻧ ْﺨ ًﻼ َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴ َﻬﺎ َﺛ َﻤ ٌﺮ‪َ ،(1543/80) ،‬ﺳﺎ ِﱂِ ْﺑ ِﻦ َﻋ ْﺒﺪ ا ِﷲ ْﺑ ِﻦ ُﻋ َﻤ َﺮ‪َ ،‬ﻋﻦ َﻋ ْﺒﺪ ا ِﷲ‬ ‫اﷲِ ْﺑ ِﻦ ُﻋ َﻤ َﺮ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (4‬وﺑﻤﺜﻞ اﻋﱰاض اﻟ ُﺒ ْﻠ ِﻘﻴﻨِ ّﻲ ا ْﻋ َ َﱰ َض ﺗﻠﻤﻴ ُﺬه اﺑﻦ َﺣ َﺠﺮ‪ ،‬ﰲ َﻓ ْﺘ ِﺢ اﻟ َﺒﺎ ِر ّي‪ ،(51/5) ،‬وﻧﻘ َﻞ اﻋـﱰا َض ﻋـﲇ ﺑـﻦ إﺑـﺮاﻫﻴﻢ ﺑـﻦ اﻟﻌﻄـﺎر‪،‬‬ ‫)‪724‬ﻫـ(‪ ،‬ﺷﺎرح ﻋﻤﺪة اﻷﺣﻜﺎم ﺑﻘﻮﻟﻪ ‪\" :‬ﻛﺄﻧﻪ ﳌَﺎ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻛِ َﺘﺎ َب اﻟﺒﻴﻮ ِع ﻣﻦ اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨﺎ ِر ّي ﻓﻠﻢ ﳚ ْﺪه ﻓﻴﻪ‪َ ،‬ﺗ َﻮ ﱠﻫ َﻢ َأ ﱠﳖﺎ ﻣﻦ َأ ْﻓ َﺮا ِد ُﻣ ْﺴﻠﻢ واﻋﺘﺬ َر‬ ‫اﻟ ﱠﺸﺎ ِرح اﺑﻦ اﻟﻌﻄﺎر َﻋﻦ َﺻﺎ ِﺣ ِﺐ اﻟ ُﻌ ْﻤ َﺪ ِة‪َ ،‬ﻓ َﻘﺎ َل ‪ :‬ﻫﺬه اﻟ ﱢﺰ َﻳﺎ َدة أﺧﺮﺟﻬﺎ اﻟ ﱠﺸ ْﻴﺨﺎن ﻣﻦ رواﻳ ِﺔ ﺳﺎﱂ َﻋﻦ أﺑﻴﻪ َﻋﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ‪َ ،‬ﻗﺎ َل ‪ :‬ﻓﺎﳌُ َﺼﻨﱢﻒ ﳌَﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﺴ َﺐ ا َْﳊ ِﺪﻳﺚ ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ ُﻋ َﻤ َﺮ اﺣﺘﺎج أن َﻳ ْﻨ ِﺴﺐ اﻟ ﱢﺰ َﻳﺎ َدة ﳌﺴﻠﻢ وﺣﺪه\"‪.‬‬ ‫وﻛﺬا اﻋﱰ َض ﻗﺒﻞ اﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ ﺷﻴ ُﺨﻪ اﺑ ُﻦ اﳌُ َﻠ ﱢﻘﻦ ﰲ ﻛﺘﺎﺑِﻪ اﻹﻋﻼ ِم ﺑﻔﻮاﺋﺪ ﻋﻤﺪة اﻷﺣﻜﺎم‪ ،(150/7) ،‬ﻋـﲆ اﳌُ َﺼـﻨﱢ ِﻒ وﺷـﺎر ِﺣ ِﻪ اﺑـﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻌ ﱠﻄﺎ ِر‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎل ‪\" :‬وﻛﺄن اﳌﺼﻨﻒ اﻏ ﱠﱰ ﺑﻜﻮ ِن اﻟﺒﺨﺎري ﱂ ﻳﺬﻛﺮه ﰲ ﺻﺤﻴﺤﻪ ﰲ ﺑﺎب ‪ :‬ﻣﻦ ﺑﺎع ﻧﺨ ًﻼ ﻗﺪ أﺑﺮت‪ ،‬وﰲ ﺑﺎب ‪ :‬ﺑﻴﻊ اﻟﻨﺨـﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﺄﺻﻠﻪ ﲠﺬه اﻟﺰﻳﺎدة‪ ،‬وإﻧﲈ اﻗﺘﴫ ﻋﲆ اﻟﻘﻄﻌﺔ اﻷوﱃ ﻓﻈ ﱠﻦ أ ﱠن اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴ َﺔ ﻣﻦ َأ ْﻓ َﺮا ِد ُﻣ ْﺴﻠِ ٍﻢ ﻓﺎﺟﺘﻨﺐ ذﻟﻚ‪ ...،‬وﻗﺪ وﻗﻊ ﻟﻠﻤﺼﻨﻒ أﻳ ًﻀﺎ ﻣﺜﻞ‬ ‫ذﻟﻚ ﰲ ﻋﻤﺪﺗﻪ اﻟﻜﱪى‪ ،‬وﻛﺄﻧﻪ أﺧ َﺬه ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺛﻢ رأﻳ ُﺖ ﺑﻌﺪ ذﻟﻚ اﺑ ُﻦ اﻟﻌﻄﺎر اﻋﺘﺬ َر ﻋﻦ ا ُﳌ َﺼﻨﱢ ِﻒ ﺑﴚ ٍء ﻏﻠ َﻂ ﻓﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺬﻛﺮ ﻛﻼﻣﻪ اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ‪،‬‬ ‫وﻗﺎل ‪ :‬وﻫﺬا اﻋﺘﺬا ٌر ﻋﺠﻴ ٌﺐ‪ ،‬ووﻫ ٌﻢ واﺿ ٌﺢ ﻓﺈ ﱠن ﻫﺬا اﳊﺪﻳ َﺚ ﱂ ﻳﺮوه اﻟﺸﻴﺨﺎن ﻣﻦ ﺣﺪﻳ ِﺚ اﺑـ ِﻦ ﻋﻤـﺮ ﻋـﻦ أﺑﻴـﻪ أﺻـ ًﻼ‪ ،‬وﱂ ﻳـﺬﻛﺮه‬ ‫ا ُﳊ َﻤ ْﻴ ِﺪ ّي ﰲ ﲨ ِﻌ ِﻪ ﺑﲔ اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺤﲔ ﻣﻦ رواﻳﺘِﻪ‪ ،‬واﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻓﻴﻬﲈ‪ ،‬ﻣﻦ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺳـﺎﱂ ﻋـﻦ أﺑﻴـﻪ‪ ،‬وﻫـﻮ اﺑـﻦ ﻋﻤـﺮ ﻣﺮﻓﻮ ًﻋـﺎ ﺑﻠﻔـﻆ‬ ‫اﳌﺼﻨﻒ ﲨﻴﻌﻪ‪ ،‬وﻗﺪ رأﻳﺖ ﰲ ﺑﻌﺾ ﻧﺴﺦ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري ﻋﻘﺐ ذﻛﺮه اﳊﺪﻳﺚ اﳌﺬﻛﻮر ﺑﻜﲈﻟﻪ‪ ،‬وﻋﻦ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻋﻦ ﻧﺎﻓﻊ‪ ،‬ﻋﻦ اﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ‪ ،‬ﻋـﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮ \"ﰲ اﻟﻌﺒﺪ\" اﻧﺘﻬﻰ‪ ،‬وﻗﺪ ﺳﺎﻗﻪ ﻫﻮ ﻗﺒﻞ ذﻟﻚ وﻣﺴﻠﻢ اﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﻋﻦ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻋﻦ ﻧﺎﻓﻊ‪ ،‬ﻋﻦ اﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻣﺮﻓﻮ ًﻋﺎ \"ﰲ اﻟﻨﺨﻞ\" ﻓﻘﻂ ﻓـﺎﷲ‬ ‫أﻋﻠﻢ ﺑﺤﺎل ﻫﺬه اﻟﺰﻳﺎدة‪ ،‬وﻟﺌﻦ ﺛﺒﺖ ﻓﻼ ﻳﴬﻧﺎ ﻓﺈن اﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﻗﺪ أﺧﺮﺟﺎه ﻣﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ اﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻻﻋﱰاض ﺑﺎق ﻋﲆ اﳌﺼﻨﻒ‪ ،‬وﻛـﺄن‬ ‫اﺑﻦ اﻟﻌﻄﺎر ﺗﻮﻫﻢ ﻫﺬا ﺑﲈ ذﻛﺮه ﺷﻴﺨﻪ اﻟﻨﻮوي \"ﰲ ﴍ ِح ﻣﺴﻠﻢ\"‪ ،(191/10) ،‬ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻗﺎل ‪\" :‬ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ اﻟﺼـﻼم واﻟﺴـﻼم ‪َ \" :‬و َﻣـ ِﻦ‬ ‫ا ْﺑ َﺘﺎ َع َﻋ ْﺒ ًﺪا َﻓ َﲈ ُﻟ ُﻪ ِﻟ ﱠﻠ ِﺬي َﺑﺎ َﻋ ُﻪ إِ ﱠﻻ َأ ْن َﻳ ْﺸ َ ِﱰ َط ا ُﳌْ ْﺒ َﺘﺎ ُع\"‪ ،‬ﻫﻜﺬا روى ﻫﺬا اﻟﻜﻼم – وﰲ اﳌﻄﺒﻮع \"اﳊﻜﻢ\" ﺧﻄﺄ ‪ -‬اﻟﺒﺨـﺎرى وﻣﺴـﻠﻢ ﻣـﻦ‬ ‫رواﻳﺔ ﺳﺎﱂ ﻋﻦ أﺑﻴﻪ ﻋﻦ اﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ وﱂ ﺗﻘﻊ ﻫﺬه اﻟﺰﻳﺎدة ﰱ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﻧﺎﻓﻊ ﻋﻦ اﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ وﻻ ﻳﴬ ذﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻓﺴﺎﱂ ﺛﻘﺔ ﺑﻞ ﻫﻮ أﺟﻞ ﻣـﻦ ﻧـﺎﻓﻊ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻓﺰﻳﺎدﺗﻪ ﻣﻘﺒﻮﻟﺔ‪ ،‬وﻗﺪ أﺷﺎر اﻟﻨﺴﺎﺋﻰ واﻟﺪارﻗﻄﻨﻰ إﱃ ﺗﺮﺟﻴﺢ رواﻳﺔ ﻧﺎﻓﻊ وﻫﺬه إﺷﺎر ٌة ﻣﺮدود ٌة\"‪ ،‬ﻫﺬا ﻛﻼﻣـﻪ وﻫـﻮ ﻛـﻼ ٌم ﺻـﺤﻴ ٌﺢ ﻻ‬ ‫اﻋﱰاض ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬وﻟﻴﺲ ﺑﻪ ذﻛﺮ ﻋﻤﺮ أﺻ ًﻼ\"‪.‬‬ ‫ووﺻﻒ اﺑ ُﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ ﰲ اﻟﻔﺘﺢ‪ ،(51/5) ،‬ﻛﻼ َم ﺷﻴﺨﻪ اﺑ ِﻦ ا ُﳌ َﻠ ﱢﻘﻦ ﺑﺎﳌﺒﺎﻟﻐ ِﺔ ﰲ اﻟﺮ ﱢد ﻋﲆ اﺑ ِﻦ اﻟ َﻌ ﱠﻄﺎر‪ ،‬وﻋﻠـ َﻖ ﻋـﲆ ﻗـﻮل اﻟﻨـﻮوي ﺑـﺮده‬ ‫رواﻳ ِﺔ ﻧﺎﻓﻊ‪ ،‬ﺑﻘﻮﻟﻪ ‪\" :‬أﻣﺎ ﻧﻔﻲ ﲣﺮﳚﻬﺎ ﻓﻤﺮدو ٌد ﻓﺈﳖﺎ ﺛﺎﺑﺘ ٌﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨﺎ ِر ﱢي ﻫﻨﺎ ﻣﻦ رواﻳ ِﺔ ﺑﻦ ﺟﺮﻳﺞ‪ ،‬ﻋﻦ اﺑﻦ أﰊ ﻣﻠﻴﻜﺔ‪ ،‬ﻋﻦ ﻧـﺎﻓﻊ ﻟﻜـﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺧﺘﺼﺎ ٍر‪ ،‬وأﻣﺎ اﻻﺧﺘﻼف ﺑﲔ ﺳﺎﱂ وﻧﺎﻓﻊ ﻓﺈ ﱠﻧﲈ ﻫﻮ ﰲ رﻓ ِﻌ َﻬﺎ ووﻗ ِﻔ َﻬﺎ ﻻ ﰲ إﺛﺒﺎ ِ َﲥﺎ وﻧﻔ ِﻴ َﻬﺎ\"‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ِ (5‬ﰲ )أ( \"ﻳﺸﱰﻃﻬ َﲈ\" ﺧﻄﺄ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (6‬ﻛﺘﺒﺖ ِﰲ )أ( \"اﳌﺴﺎﻗﺎت\" ُﺛ ﱠﻢ ﻛﺘﺐ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺣﺮف اﻟﺘﺎء ﺗﺎء ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪َ (7‬ﺻ ِﺤﻴ ُﺢ اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨﺎ ِر ّي ‪ِ (42) :‬ﻛ َﺘﺎ ُب ا ُﳌ َﺴﺎ َﻗﺎ ِة‪َ (17) ،‬ﺑﺎ ُب اﻟ ﱠﺮ ُﺟ ِﻞ َﻳ ُﻜﻮن َﻟ ُﻪ َﳑَ ﱞﺮ َأ ْو ِ ْﴍ ٌب ِﰲ َﺣﺎﺋِ ٍﻂ َأ ْو ِﰲ َﻧ ْﺨـ ٍﻞ‪ ،(2379) ،‬ﻣـﻦ ﻃﺮﻳـﻖ‬ ‫َﺳﺎ ِﱂِ ْﺑ ِﻦ َﻋ ْﺒﺪ ا ِﷲ ْﺑ ِﻦ ُﻋ َﻤ َﺮ‪َ ،‬ﻋﻦ َﻋ ْﺒﺪ ا ِﷲ ْﺑ ِﻦ ُﻋ َﻤ َﺮ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪266‬‬

‫َﺑﺎ َع\" َﻋ َﲆ أن ﻛﻞ اﳌﻌﺎوﺿﺎت ﻛ َﺬﻟِ َﻚ ﻓﻼ ﻓﺮق ﺑـﲔ اﻟﺒﻴـﻊ واﻟﺘﻮﻟﻴـﺔ إن ﺟﻌﻠﻨﺎﻫـﺎ ﺑﻴ ًﻌـﺎ)‪ (1‬ﺟﺪﻳـ ًﺪا)‪ (2‬واﻹﴍاك)‪،(3‬‬ ‫وﺻﺢ اﳌﻌﺎوﺿﺔ وﺟﻌﻠﻪ رأس َﻣﺎل ﺳـﻠﻢ‪َ ،‬أ ْو أﺟـﺮة ِﰲ إﺟـﺎرة‪َ ،‬أ ْو ﺟﻌـ ًﻼ ِﰲ ﺟﻌﺎﻟـ ٍﺔ َأ ْو ُﻣ َﺴـ ﱠﻤ ًﻰ ِﰲ ﻣﺴـﺎﺑﻘ ٍﺔ َأ ْو‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺎﺿﻠ ٍﺔ)‪َ (4‬ﻟﻜِﻦ ِﰲ اﳉﻌﺎﻟ ِﺔ و َﻣﺎ ﺟﺮى ﳎﺮاﻫﺎ ﻫﻞ ‪/50‬أ ﻳﻌﺘﱪ ﻋﺪم اﻟﺘﺄﺑﲑ)‪ِ (5‬ﻋﻨْﺪ ﺻﺪور اﻟﻌﻘﺪ‪َ ،‬أ ْو ِﻋﻨْـﺪ اﻟﻠـﺰوم‬ ‫ﻓِﻴﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ‪ ،‬اﻷﻗﺮب اﻟﺜﺎﲏ‪.‬‬ ‫و َأ َْﳊ َﻘ ِﺖ اﻟ ﱠﺸﺎﻓِ ِﻌ ّﻴ ُﺔ اﳌُ َﻌﺎ َو َﺿ َﺔ َﻏ ْﲑ ا َﳌ ْﺤ َﻀ ِﺔ ﺑِﺎﻟ َﺒ ْﻴ ِﻊ‪َ ،‬و َذﻟِ َﻚ اﻟ ﱠﺼ َﺪاق وا ُﳋﻠﻊ واﻟ ﱡﺼ ْﻠﺢ َﻋﻦ اﻟﺪم وﻧﺤﻮﻫﺎ‪،‬‬ ‫وﺧﺮج ﺑﻤﻦ ﺑﺎ َع ﻣﻦ رﻫﻦ ﻓﻼ ﺗﺪﺧﻞ َﻏ ْﲑ اﳌﺆﺑﺮة َﻋ َﲆ أﺻﺢ اﻟﻘﻮﻟﲔ‪ ،‬وﻣﻦ وﻫﺐ ﻓﻼ ﻳـﺪﺧﻞ َﻏـ ْﲑ اﳌـﺆﺑﺮة َﻋـ َﲆ‬ ‫اﳉﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ َﻣ ْﺬ َﻫﺐ اﻟ ﱠﺸﺎﻓِ ِﻌ ّﻲ‪ ،‬ﻧﻈ ًﺮا إِ َﱃ أن اﳌﻌﺎوﺿ َﺔ اﳌﻨﺒﻪ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺑﻤﻦ ﺑﺎع )‪(6‬ﱂ ﺗﻮﺟـﺪ)‪ ،(7‬وإذا ُﻗ ْﻠـ ُﺖ ﺑﺎﻻﺳـﺘﺘﺒﺎع‪،‬‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻞ ﻳﻘﻮل اﻟﻨﻈﺮ إِ َﱃ َﺣﺎ َﻟﺔ اﻟﻌﻘﺪ‪َ ،‬أ ْو اﻟﻘﺒﺾ؟‬ ‫إن ﺟﻌﻠﻨﺎ اﻻﺳﺘﺘﺒﺎ َع ﳐﺘﺼﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺪﻳﻢ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻟﻨﻈﺮ إِ َﱃ َﺣﺎ َﻟ ِﺔ اﻟﻌﻘﺪ)‪(8‬؛ ﻷ ﱠن اﳌﻠ َﻚ ِﰲ اﳍﺒﺎت ِﰲ اﻟﻘـﺪﻳﻢ ﳛﺼـﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻘﺪ‪ ،‬وإن ﱂ ﳚﻌﻠﻪ ﳐﺘ ًﺼﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺪﻳﻢ‪ ،‬ﺟﺎ َء َﻣﺎ ﺗﻘﺪم ِﰲ اﳉﻌﺎﻟﺔ‪ ،‬وﳜﺮج ﺑﻤﻦ ﺑﺎع ﻣـﻦ وﻗـﻒ‪ ،‬وﻣـﻦ أوﴅ وﻣـﻦ‬ ‫أﻗﺮ)‪ (9‬و)‪(10‬ﻣﻦ أﺧﺬ ِﻣ ْﻨ ُﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﻴﻨﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫َو ِﻣ ْﻦ َذﻟِ َﻚ َﻣﺎ َﻛ َﺘ َﺒ ُﻪ َﻋ َﲆ َﺣ ِﺪﻳ ِﺚ َز ْﻳ ِﺪ ْﺑ ِﻦ َﺧﺎﻟِ ٍﺪ ا ُﳉ َﻬﻨِ ﱢﻲ ِﰲ اﻟ ﱡﻠ َﻘ َﻄ ِﺔ‪َ ،‬ﻗﺎ َل ‪ُ :‬ﺳﺌِ َﻞ َر ُﺳﻮ ُل اﷲِ َﺻـ ﱠﲆ ا ُﷲ َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴـ ِﻪ‬ ‫َو َﺳ ﱠﻠ َﻢ َﻋﻦ اﻟ ﱡﻠ َﻘ َﻄ ِﺔ اﻟ ﱠﺬ َﻫ ِﺐ َأ ْو ا ْﻟ َﻮ ِر ِق)‪.(11‬‬ ‫)‪ِ (1‬ﰲ )أ( \"ﻳﺒ ًﻌﺎ\" ﺧﻄﺄ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (2‬ﻛﺘﺐ ِﰲ )أ( ﻧﺼﻒ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ \"ﺟﺪﻳ ًﺪا\" \"ﺟﺪ\" ِﰲ آﺧﺮ اﻟﺴﻄﺮ‪ ،‬وﺗﻜﻤﻠﺘﻬﺎ \"ﻳ ًﺪا\" َﻋ َﲆ َﻳ َﺴﺎ ِر اﻟ ﱠﺼ ْﻔ َﺤ ِﺔ ِﰲ ا َﳊﺎ ِﺷـ َﻴ ِﺔ‪ ،‬و َذ ِﻟـ َﻚ ﳏﺎﻓﻈـﺔ َﻋـ َﲆ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻨﺴﻴﻖ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ِ (3‬ﰲ )ب( \"اﻻﺷﱰاك\"‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ِ (4‬ﰲ )ب( \"ﻣﻨﺎﳊﺔ\" ﺧﻄﺄ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ُ (5‬ﻫ َﻮ اﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﻠ ِﻘﻴ ُﺢ‪ ،‬و ُﻫﻮ أن ُﻳ َﺸ ّﻘ َﻖ َأ ْﻛ َﻤ َﻪ إِ َﻧﺎث اﻟﻨﱠ ْﺨﻞ َو َﻳ َﺬ ُر َﻃ ْﻠ َﻊ اﻟ ﱠﺬ َﻛﺮ ﻓِﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬وﻻ ُﻳ َﻠ ﱢﻘ ُﺢ َﲨِﻴﻊ اﻟ ﱠﻨ ْﺨﻞ‪ ،‬ﺑﻞ ُﻳـ َﺆ ﱢﺑ ُﺮ اﻟـﺒﻌ َﺾ و ُﻳ َﺸـ ّﻘ ُﻖ اﻟﺒـﺎﻗﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ ْﻧﺒِ َﺜﺎ ِث ِرﻳﺢ اﻟ ُﻔ ُﺤﻮل إﻟﻴﻪ اﻟﺬي ﳛﺼﻞ ِﻣ ْﻨ ُﻪ ﺗ َﺸ ّﻘ ُﻖ اﻟ ﱠﻄ ْﻠﻊ‪.‬‬ ‫ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪ :‬إِ ْﺣ َﻜﺎ َم ا ْ َﻷ ْﺣ َﻜﺎم َ ْﴍح ُﻋ ْﻤ َﺪة ا َﻷ ْﺣ َﻜﺎ ِم‪.(146/3) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ِ (6‬ﰲ )ب( ِز َﻳﺎ َدة \"و\"‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ِ (7‬ﰲ )ب( \"ﺗﺆﺟﻞ\" ﺧﻄﺄ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (8‬ﻋﺒﺎرة \"أو اﻟﻘﺒﺾ أن ﺟﻌﻠﻨﺎ اﻻﺳﺘﺘﺒﺎع ﳐﺘ ًﺼﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺪﻳﻢ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻟﻨﻈﺮ إِ َﱃ َﺣﺎ َﻟﺔ اﻟﻌﻘﺪ\" ﺳﺎﻗﻄﺔ ﻣﻦ )ب(‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ِ (9‬ﰲ )ب( \"أﻓﺮد\"‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (10‬ﺣﺮف اﻟﻮاو ﺳﺎﻗﻂ ﻣﻦ )ب(‪.‬‬ ‫)‪َ (11‬ﺻ ِﺤﻴ ُﺢ ُﻣ ْﺴﻠِﻢ ‪ (30) :‬ﻛِ َﺘﺎب اﻟ ﱡﻠ َﻘ َﻄ ِﺔ‪ ،(1722/5) ،‬وا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪َ ،(1722/8-1) :‬ﺻ ِﺤﻴ ُﺢ اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨﺎ ِر ّي ‪ِ (3) :‬ﻛ َﺘـﺎب اﻟ ِﻌ ْﻠـ ِﻢ‪(28) ،‬‬ ‫َﺑﺎ ُب اﻟ َﻐ َﻀ ِﺐ ِﰲ ا َﳌ ْﻮ ِﻋ َﻈ ِﺔ َواﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﻌﻠِﻴ ِﻢ‪ ،‬إِ َذا َر َأى َﻣﺎ َﻳ ْﻜ َﺮ ُه‪ ،‬وا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ا ْ َﻷ ْر َﻗـﺎم ‪،2438 ،2436 ،2429 ،2428 ،2427 ،2372 ،91) :‬‬ ‫‪ ،(6112 ،5292‬ﺑﺪون َﻟ ْﻔ َﻈﺔ اﻟﺬﻫﺐ واﻟﻮرق‪.‬‬ ‫‪267‬‬

‫َﻗﺎ َل َﺷ ْﻴ ُﺨ َﻨﺎ ‪َ :‬ﻟ ْﻔ َﻈ ُﺔ اﻟ ﱠﺬ َﻫ ِﺐ َواﻟ َﻮ ِر ِق ِﻣ ْﻦ َأ ْﻓﺮادِ ُﻣ ْﺴﻠِ ٍﻢ َﻟ ْﻴ َﺲ ِﰲ اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨﺎ ِر ّي‪ ،‬وﻗﺪ َﻧ ﱠﺒ ْﻬ ُﺖ َﻋ َﲆ َذﻟِـ َﻚ ِﰲ ﻧﺒـﺪة‬ ‫اﻟ ُﻌ ﱠﺪة ِﰲ َو ْﻫ ِﻢ َﻋ ْﺒﺪ اﻟ َﻐﻨِ ّﻲ ِﰲ اﻟ ُﻌ ْﻤ َﺪة‪.‬‬ ‫وأﻓﺎ َد َر ِ َﴈ ا ُﷲ َﻋ ْﻨ ُﻪ أ ﱠن ﻗﻮﻟﻪ َﺻ ﱠﲆ ا ُﷲ َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴ ِﻪ َو َﺳ ﱠﻠ َﻢ ‪ُ \" :‬ﺛ ﱠﻢ َﻋ ﱢﺮ ْﻓ َﻬﺎ َﺳ َﻨﺔ\" ا َﳌﺄﻣﻮر ﺑﻪ َﺗ ْﻌﺮﻳﻒ َﺳـ َﻨﺔ‪ ،‬واﻷﻣـﺮ‬ ‫ﻻ ﻳﻘﺘﴤ اﻟﻔﻮ َر‪ ،‬ﻓ َﻬ ْﻞ َ ُﳚﻮ ُز َﺗ ْﺄ ِﺧ ُﲑ اﻟ ﱠﺴﻨﱠﺔ‪ ،‬اﺧﺘﻠ َﻒ اﻟ ُﻌ َﻠ َﲈ ُء ِﰲ َذﻟِ َﻚ‪ ،‬أ ّﻣﺎ اﻟ ﱠﺸﺎﻓِ ِﻌ ﱡﻲ َر ِ َﴈ ا ُﷲ َﻋ ْﻨ ُﻪ ﻓﻠﻢ أﻗ ْﻒ ﻟﻪ َﻋـ َﲆ‬ ‫َﻧ ﱟﺺ ِﰲ اﳌﺴﺄﻟ ٍﺔ‪ ،‬وﻇﺎﻫﺮ ﻛﻼﻣﻪ وﻛﻼم ﻣﻌﻈﻢ َأ ْﺻ َﺤﺎﺑﻪ َأ ﱠﻧ ُﻪ ﻻ ﳛﺐ اﳌﺒﺎدرة إﻟﻴﻬﺎ)‪ ،(1‬وﻟﻔﻈﺔ ُﺛ ﱠﻢ اﻟﺪاﻟﺔ)‪َ (2‬ﻋ َﲆ اﳌﻬﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫اﳌﻬﻤﻠﺔ ﺗﺸﻌﺮ ﺑ َﺬﻟِ َﻚ‪ ،‬و ِﰲ وﺟ ٍﻪ ﻟﺒﻌ ِﺾ َأ ْﺻ َﺤﺎﺑﻪ َﻳ ُﻜﻮن َﻋ َﲆ اﻟﻔﻮر‪ ،‬و ُﻫ َﻮ َﻣ ْﺬ َﻫﺐ)‪ (3‬ا َﳌﺎﻟﻜﻴﺔ)‪ (4‬واﳊﻨﺎﺑﻠﺔ)‪.(5‬‬ ‫َو ِﻣ ْﻦ َذﻟِ َﻚ َﻣﺎ َأ َﻓﺎ َد ُه َﻋ َﲆ َﺣ ِﺪﻳ ِﺚ ا ْﺑ ِﻦ َﻋ ﱠﺒﺎ ٍس َر ِ َﴈ ا ُﷲ َﻋ ْﻨ ُﻪ‪ ،‬أن اﻟ ﱠﻨﺒِ ﱠﻲ َﺻـ ﱠﲆ ا ُﷲ َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴـ ِﻪ َو َﺳـ ﱠﻠ َﻢ‪َ ،‬ﻗـﺎ َل ‪َ \" :‬أ ِْﳊ ُﻘـﻮا‬ ‫ا ْﻟ َﻔ َﺮاﺋِ َﺾ ﺑِ َﺄ ْﻫﻠِ َﻬﺎ‪ \"...‬ا َْﳊ ِﺪﻳﺚ)‪َ ،(6‬ﻗﺎ َل َر ِ َﴈ اﷲُ َﻋﻨْ ُﻪ ‪ :‬ﺗﺴﺘﻨﺒﻂ ﻣﻦ َﻫ َﺬا ا َْﳊ ِﺪﻳﺚ اﻟﻘـﻮل ﺑـﺎﻟﻌﻮل)‪ ،(8)(7‬واﻟﻘـﻮل ِﰲ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺄﻟﺔ اﺑﻨﻲ ﻋﻢ أﺣﺪ َﳘﺎ أخ ﻷم َأ ْو زوج ﺑﺈﻋﻄﺎء َﺻﺎ ِﺣ ِﺐ اﻟﻔﺮ ِض ﻓﺮﺿﻪ‪ ،‬واﻟﺘﴩﻳﻚ)‪ (9‬ﳌﻦ ﺑﻘﻲ‪ ،‬وﺗﺴـﺘﻨﺒﻂ ِﻣﻨْـ ُﻪ‬ ‫ِﰲ اﻟﴩﻛﺔ اﻟﻘﻮل ﺑﻌﺪم اﻟﺘﴩﻳﻚ‪ ،‬وﻳﺴﺘﻨﺒ ُﻂ ِﻣﻨْ ُﻪ أن اﳌﺮاد ﺑﺄﻫﻠﻬﺎ ا ﱠﻟ ِﺬﻳﻦ ﳍﻢ ﻓﺮض‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻮ اﺟﺘﻤﻊ ِﰲ ﺷﺨﺺ ﺟﻬﺘﺎ‬ ‫)‪َ (1‬ﻗﺎ َل اﻹ َﻣﺎ ُم اﻟ ﱠﺸﺎﻓِ ِﻌ ّﻲ ِﰲ َﺣ ِﺪﻳ ِﺚ اﺑ ِﻦ ُﻋ َﻤ َﺮ اﻟـﺬي َر َوا ُه ﺑﺈﺳـﻨﺎده ‪َ :‬ﻓـﺎ ْﺑ ُﻦ ُﻋ َﻤـ َﺮ َﱂْ ُﻳ َﻮ ﱢﻗـ ْﺖ ِﰲ اﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﻌ ِﺮﻳـ ِﻒ َو ْﻗ ًﺘـﺎ‪َ ،‬و َأ ْﻧـ ُﺘ ْﻢ ُﺗ َﻮ ﱢﻗﺘـﻮ َن ِﰲ‬ ‫اﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﻌ ِﺮﻳ ِﻒ َﺳ َﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻜﺄﻧﻪ أﻧﻜﺮ َذ ِﻟ َﻚ‪ .‬ا ُﻷ ﱡم ‪.(622/8) :‬‬ ‫وا َﳌﺎوردي ﻧﺴﺐ ُﻣ ﱠﺪ ُة اﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﻌ ِﺮﻳ ِﻒ أﳖﺎ َﺳﻨَ ٌﺔ إِ َﱃ َﻣ ْﺬ َﻫﺐ اﻟ ﱠﺸﺎﻓِ ِﻌ ّﻲ‪.‬‬ ‫ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪ :‬ا َﳊﺎ ِوي اﻟ َﻜﺒِﲑ‪ ،‬ﻟﻠ َﲈور ِد ّي‪.(12 /8) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ِ (2‬ﰲ )ب( \"اﻟﺪﻻﻟﺔ\"‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (3‬ﻛﻠﻤﺔ \" َﻣ ْﺬ َﻫﺐ\" ﺳﺎﻗﻄﺔ ﻣﻦ )أ(‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (4‬ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪ :‬اﳌﺪوﻧ َﺔ اﻟﻜﱪى‪َ ،‬ﳌﺎﻟﻚ‪.(173/6) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ (5‬اﻟﻜﺎ ِﰲ ِﰲ ﻓﻘﻪ اﺑﻦ َﺣﻨْ َﺒﻞ‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ ﻗﺪاﻣﺔ‪.(351/2) ،‬‬ ‫)‪َ (6‬ﺻ ِﺤﻴ ُﺢ اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨﺎ ِر ّي ‪ (85) :‬ﻛِ َﺘﺎب اﻟ َﻔ َﺮاﺋِ ِﺾ‪َ (5) ،‬ﺑﺎ ُب ِﻣ َﲑا ِث اﻟ ُﻮ ِﻟ َﺪ ِﻣـ ْﻦ َأﺑِﻴـ ِﻪ َو ُأ ﱢﻣـ ِﻪ‪ ،(5632) ،‬وا ْﻧ ُﻈـ ْﺮ ا ْﻷَ ْر َﻗـﺎم ‪،6735) :‬‬ ‫‪َ ،(6746 ،6737‬ﺻ ِﺤﻴ ُﺢ ُﻣ ْﺴ ِﻠﻢ ‪ (23) :‬ﻛِ َﺘﺎب اﻟ َﻔ َﺮاﺋِ ِﺾ‪َ (1) ،‬ﺑﺎ ُب َأ ِْﳊ ُﻘﻮا ا ْﻟ َﻔ َﺮا ِﺋ َﺾ ﺑِ َﺄ ْﻫﻠِ َﻬﺎ‪َ ،‬ﻓ َﲈ َﺑ ِﻘـ َﻲ َﻓـِ َﻸ ْو َﱃ َر ُﺟـ ٍﻞ َذ َﻛـ ٍﺮ‪،‬‬ ‫)‪.(1615/4-1‬‬ ‫)‪ِ (7‬ﰲ )ب( \"اﻟﻌﺮل\" ﺧﻄﺄ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ُ (8‬ﻫ َﻮ ِز َﻳﺎ َدة ا ْﻟ ُﻔ ُﺮو ِض ِﰲ اﻟ ﱠ ِﱰ َﻛ ِﺔ َﺣ ﱠﺘﻰ َﺗ ْﻌ ِﺠ َﺰ اﻟ ﱠ ِﱰ َﻛ ُﺔ َﻋﻦ َﲨِﻴ ِﻌ َﻬﺎ ﻓِﻴ ْﺪ ُﺧ ُﻞ اﻟ ﱠﻨ ْﻘ ُﺺ َﻋ َﲆ ا ْﻟ ُﻔ ُﺮو ِض ﺑِﺎ ِْﳊ َﺼ ِﺺ‪َ ،‬و َﻻ ُ َﳜـ ﱡﺺ ﺑِـ ِﻪ َﺑ ْﻌـ ُﺾ‬ ‫َذ ِوي ا ْﻟ ُﻔ ُﺮو ِض ِﻣ ْﻦ ُدو ِن َﺑ ْﻌ ٍﺾ‪.‬‬ ‫ا َﳊﺎ ِوي اﻟ َﻜﺒِﲑ‪ ،‬ﻟﻠ َﲈور ِد ّي‪.(129/8) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ِ (9‬ﰲ )أ( \"ﴍﻳﻚ\" ﺧﻄﺄ‪.‬‬ ‫‪268‬‬

‫ﻓﺮض ﺑﻄﺮﻳ ِﻖ اﻟ ﱡﻨ ُﺪو ِر ﻻ ﻳﻌﻄﻰ ﲠ َﲈ ﺧﻼ ًﻓﺎ ﻻﺑﻦ ُ َﴎ ْﻳﺞ)‪ ،(1‬وﻳﺴﺘﻨﺒﻂ ِﻣﻨْ ُﻪ اﳉﻤـﻊ ﺑـﲔ اﻟﻔـﺮض واﻟﺘﻌﺼـﻴﺐ ﻻ ِﰲ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺎدر َﻋ َﲆ اﻷﺻﺢ‪ ،‬وﻳﺴﺘﻨﺒ ُﻂ ِﻣﻨْ ُﻪ ﻋﺪ ُم اﻟ ﱠﺮ ﱢد)‪ ،(2‬وﻋﺪم ﺗﻮرﻳﺚ ذوي اﻷرﺣﺎم‪ ،‬وأن اﻟﻔﺎﺿ َﻞ ِﻋ ْﻨﺪ وﺟﻮد اﻟﻔـﺮض‬ ‫َﻳ ُﻜﻮن ﻟﻠ َﻮ َر َﺛﺔ)‪ ،(4)(3‬وأن اﳌﺨﺎﻃ َﺐ ﺑ َﺬﻟِ َﻚ اﻷ ﱢﻳﻤﺔ)‪َ ،(5‬أ ْو اﻷﻣﺔ‪ ،‬وإن ِﻋ ْﻨﺪ ﲢﻘﻖ اﻟﻔﺮضﻳﻌﻄـﻰ ِﰲ اﳋﻨﺜـﻰ واﳌﻔﻘـﻮد‬ ‫واﳊﻤﻞ ﺑ ِﺨ َﻼف ﻣﻦ أوﴅ ﺑﻌﲔ ﺣﺎﴐة ‪/50‬ب ﻫﻲ ﺛﻠﺚ َﻣﺎﻟﻪ‪ ،‬وﺑﺎﻗﻲ ا َﳌﺎل ﻏﺎﺋﺐ‪ ،‬وﻳﺴـﺘﻨﺒ ُﻂ ِﻣﻨْـ ُﻪ اﳊﺠـﺐ‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻪ‪ ،‬وإن ا ﱠﻟ ِﺬي ﻳﻮرث إﻧ َﲈ ُﻫ َﻮ اﳌَﺎل وﺣﻘﻮﻗﻪ اﻟﺒﺎﺋﻌﺔ ﻟﻪ ﻛﺨﻴﺎر اﳌﺠﻠﺲ واﻟ ﱠ ْﴩ ِط واﻟ ﱠﻀـ َﲈ ِن واﻟ ﱡﺸـﻔﻌﺔ واﳊـﺪو ِد‬ ‫واﻟﻘﺼﺎ ِص ﻣﻮروﺛﺎن ﺑِ َﺪﻟِﻴ ٍﻞ آﺧﺮ‪ ،‬وإ ﱠﻧ َﲈ ذﻛﺮﻧﺎ َذﻟِ َﻚ ﻷَ ﱠﻧﻪ وﻗﻊ ِﰲ رواﻳﺔ)‪\" (6‬ا ْﻗ ِﺴ ُﻤﻮا ا َﳌْﺎ َل\"‪.‬‬ ‫َو ِﻣ ْﻦ َذﻟِ َﻚ َﻣﺎ ا ْﻋ َ َﱰ َض ﺑﻪ َﻋ َﲆ َﺻﺎ ِﺣ ِﺐ اﻟ ُﻌ ْﻤ َﺪةِ ِﰲ ﺳﻴﺎ ِق َﺣ ِﺪﻳﺚ ُأ َﺳﺎ َﻣ َﺔ ْﺑ ِﻦ َز ْﻳ ٍﺪ َﻗﺎ َل ‪ُ :‬ﻗ ْﻠ ُﺖ ‪َ :‬ﻳﺎ َر ُﺳـﻮ َل‬ ‫اﷲِ َأ ْﻳ َﻦ َﺗ ْﻨ ِﺰ ُل َﻏ ًﺪا ِﰲ َدا ِر َك ﺑِ َﻤ ﱠﻜﺔ؟‪ ...‬ا َْﳊ ِﺪﻳﺚ)‪.(7‬‬ ‫َﻗﺎ َل َﺷ ْﻴ ُﺨ َﻨﺎ َر ِ َﴈ ا ُﷲ َﻋﻨْ ُﻪ ‪َ :‬و ِﻫ َﻢ ا َْﳊﺎﻓِ ُﻆ َﻋ ْﺒ ُﺪ اﻟ َﻐﻨِ ّﻲ ِﰲ ﺳﻴﺎ ِﻗ ِﻪ َﻫ َﺬا ا َْﳊـ ِﺪﻳﺚ وﻧﺴـﺒﺘﻪ إِ َﱃ اﻟ َﺼـ ِﺤﻴﺤﲔ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻓﻠﻴﺲ )‪ِ(8‬ﰲ ُﻣ ْﺴﻠِ ٍﻢ ﻣﻦ ﻃﺮﻳ ِﻖ ُأ َﺳﺎ َﻣ َﺔ اﳉﻤﻊ ﺑﲔ اﳊﻜﺎﻳﺔ‪ ،‬وﻗﻮل اﻟﻨﱠﺒِـ ّﻲ َﺻـ ﱠﲆ ا ُﷲ َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴـ ِﻪ َو َﺳـ ﱠﻠ َﻢ ‪َ \" :‬و َﻫـ ْﻞ َﺗـ َﺮ َك\"‪،‬‬ ‫وﻗﻮﻟﻪ َﻋ ِﻘ َﺐ َذﻟِ َﻚ ‪َ \" :‬ﻻ َﻳ ِﺮ ُث\"‪ ،‬وإ ﱠﻧ َﲈ ا ﱠﻟ ِﺬي َﺧ ﱠﺮ َﺟﻪ ُﻣ ْﺴﻠِ ٌﻢ ِﰲ ا َﳊـ ﱢﺞ اﻟﻘﺼـ َﺔ اﻷوﱃ‪ ،‬وأﺧـﺮ َج ِﰲ اﻟ َﻔـ َﺮاﺋِ ِﺾ َﻋـ ْﻦ‬ ‫ُأ َﺳﺎ َﻣ َﺔ أ ﱠن اﻟ ﱠﻨﺒِ ﱠﻲ َﺻ ﱠﲆ ا ُﷲ َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴ ِﻪ َو َﺳ ﱠﻠ َﻢ َﻗﺎ َل ‪\" :‬ﻻَ َﻳ ِﺮ ُث ا ُﳌ ْﺴﻠِ ُﻢ ا ْﻟ َﻜﺎﻓِ َﺮ‪َ ،‬وﻻَ َﻳ ِﺮ ُث ا ْﻟ َﻜﺎﻓِ ُﺮ ا ْﳌُ ْﺴﻠِ َﻢ\")‪ ،(9‬وﱂ ﻳﺬﻛ ْﺮ ا ﱠﻟ ِﺬي‬ ‫ا ﱠﻟ ِﺬي ﻗﺒﻠﻪ‪ ،‬وإ ﱠﻧ َﲈ ﻫﺬه رواﻳﺔ اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨﺎ ِر ّي وﻣﻨﻬﺎ ‪َ \" :‬ﻻ َﻳ ِﺮ ُث اﳌ ْﺆ ِﻣ ُﻦ ا ْﻟ َﻜﺎﻓِ َﺮ‪َ ،‬و َﻻ ا ْﻟ َﻜﺎﻓِ ُﺮ اﳌ ْﺆ ِﻣ َﻦ\")‪.(10‬‬ ‫)‪ِ (1‬ﰲ )ب( \"ﴍﻳﺢ\" ﺧﻄﺄ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ِ (2‬ﰲ )ب( \"اﻟﱪ\" ُﺛ ﱠﻢ ﻛﺘﺐ ﻓﻮﻗﻬﺎ \"ﺻﻮاب اﻟﺮد\"‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (3‬ﻋﺒﺎرة \" َﻳ ُﻜﻮن ﻟﻠﻮرث\" ﺳﺎﻗﻄﺔ ﻣﻦ )ب(‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (4‬ﻛﺮرت ِﰲ ﻋﺒﺎرة \" ﻳﻌﻄﻰ ِﰲ اﳋﻨﺜﻰ واﳌﻔﻘﻮد واﳊﻤﻞ\" ِﰲ َﻫ َﺬا اﳌﻮﺿﻊ‪ُ ،‬ﺛ ﱠﻢ أﻋﻴﺪت ِﰲ ﻣﻮﺿﻌﻬﺎ اﻟ ﱠﺼ ِﺤﻴﺢ ﻛ َﲈ ِﰲ )أ(‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (5‬ﻫﻜﺬا ﺿﺒﻄﺖ ِﰲ )ب(‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (6‬ﻛﺘﺐ ِﰲ )أ( ﻧﺼﻒ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ \"رواﻳﺔ\" \"روا\" ِﰲ آﺧﺮ اﻟﺴﻄﺮ‪ ،‬وﺗﻜﻤﻠﺘﻬﺎ \"ﻳﺔ\" َﻋ َﲆ َﻳ َﺴﺎ ِر اﻟ ﱠﺼ ْﻔ َﺤ ِﺔ ِﰲ ا َﳊﺎ ِﺷ َﻴ ِﺔ‪ ،‬و َذ ِﻟ َﻚ ﳏﺎﻓﻈﺔ َﻋـ َﲆ‬ ‫َﻋ َﲆ اﻟﺘﻨﺴﻴﻖ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ُ (7‬ﻋ ْﻤ َﺪ ُة اﻷَ ْﺣ َﻜﺎ ِم‪) ،‬ص‪ ،(201‬وﻓﻴﻬﺎ \"أﺗﻨﺰ ُل ﻏ ًﺪا\"‪ ،‬وﻫﺬه اﻟﻠﻔﻈﺔ ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﰲ اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺤﲔ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (8‬ﻛﻠﻤﺔ \" ِﰲ\" ﺳﺎﻗﻄﺔ ﻣﻦ )ب(‪.‬‬ ‫)‪َ (9‬ﺻ ِﺤﻴ ُﺢ ُﻣ ْﺴﻠِﻢ ‪) :‬ص‪ (23) ،(658‬ﻛِ َﺘﺎ ُب اﻟ َﻔ َﺮاﺋِ ِﺾ‪َ (23) ،‬ﺑﺎ ُب َﻗ ْﺪ ِر اﻟ ﱠﻄ ِﺮﻳ ِﻖ إِ َذا ا ْﺧ َﺘ َﻠ ُﻔﻮا ﻓِﻴ ِﻪ‪.(1614/1) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ (10‬ﻋﺒﺎرة \"وإﻧ َﲈ ﻫﺬه رواﻳﺔ اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨﺎ ِر ّي وﻣﻨﻬﺎ ‪َ \" :‬ﻻ َﻳ ِﺮ ُث ا ُﳌ ْﺆ ِﻣ ُﻦ ا ْﻟ َﻜﺎﻓِ َﺮ َو َﻻ ا ْﻟ َﻜﺎﻓِ ُﺮ ا ُﳌ ْﺆ ِﻣ َﻦ\" ﺳﺎﻗﻄﺔ ﻣﻦ )أ( وﺑﻌﺪ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ ﻗﺒﻠﻪ ﻛﺘﺐ‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻤﺔ \"ﻣﺆﻣﻦ\"‪ ،‬وﻛﺘﺐ ﻧﺼﻒ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ \"ﻣﺆﻣﻦ\" \"ﻣﺆ\" ِﰲ آﺧﺮ اﻟﺴﻄﺮ‪ ،‬وﺗﻜﻤﻠﺘﻬﺎ \"ﻣﻦ\" َﻋ َﲆ َﻳ َﺴﺎ ِر اﻟ ﱠﺼ ْﻔ َﺤ ِﺔ ِﰲ ا َﳊﺎ ِﺷـ َﻴ ِﺔ‪ ،‬و َذﻟِـ َﻚ‬ ‫ﳏﺎﻓﻈﺔ َﻋ َﲆ اﻟﺘﻨﺴﻴﻖ‪.‬‬ ‫‪269‬‬

‫ُﻗ ْﻠ ُﺖ ‪ :‬اﻷوﱃ ِﰲ ُﻣ ْﺴﻠِ ٍﻢ ﻣﻦ ﻃﺮﻳ ِﻖ َأ ِﰊ اﻟ ﱠﻄﺎ ِﻫ ِﺮ َو َﺣ ْﺮ َﻣ َﻠﺔ ْﺑ ِﻦ َ ْﳛ َﻴﻰ‪َ ،‬ﻋﻦ ا ْﺑ ِﻦ َو ْﻫ ٍﺐ‪َ ،‬ﻋﻦ ُﻳﻮ ُﻧ َﺲ‪َ ،‬ﻋﻦ ا ْﺑـ ِﻦ‬ ‫ِﺷ َﻬﺎ ٍب‪ ،‬و َﻋﻦ ُ َﳏ ﱠﻤ ِﺪ ْﺑ ِﻦ ِﻣ ْﻬ َﺮا َن اﻟ ﱠﺮا ِز ّي)‪َ ،(1‬وا ْﺑﻦ َأﺑِﻰ ُﻋ َﻤ َﺮ)‪َ ،(2‬و َﻋ ْﺒﺪ)‪ْ (3‬ﺑﻦ ُ َﲪ ْﻴ ٍﺪ‪َ ،‬ﻋﻦ َﻋ ْﺒﺪ اﻟ ﱠﺮ ﱠزا ِق‪َ ،‬ﻋﻦ َﻣ ْﻌ َﻤ ٍﺮ‪َ ،‬ﻋـﻦ‬ ‫َﻋﻦ ا ْﺑ ِﻦ ِﺷ َﻬﺎ ٍب‪ ،‬و َﻋﻦ ُ َﳏ ﱠﻤﺪ ْﺑ ُﻦ َﺣﺎﺗِ ٍﻢ‪َ ،‬ﻋﻦ)‪َ (4‬ر ْوح ْﺑ ِﻦ ُﻋ َﺒﺎ َد َة‪َ ،‬ﻋﻦ ُ َﳏ ﱠﻤﺪ ْﺑ ِﻦ َأﺑِﻰ َﺣ ْﻔ َﺼ َﺔ)‪َ ،(5‬و َز ْﻣ َﻌﺔ ْﺑ ِﻦ َﺻـﺎﻟِﺢ)‪،(1‬‬ ‫َﺻﺎﻟِﺢ)‪َ ،(1‬ﻋﻦ ا ْﺑ ِﻦ ِﺷ َﻬﺎ ٍب‪َ ،‬ﻋﻦ َﻋِ ّﲇ ْﺑ ِﻦ ُﺣ َﺴ ْ ٍﲔ)‪َ ،(2‬ﻋﻦ َﻋ ْﻤ ِﺮو ْﺑ ِﻦ ُﻋ ْﺜ َﲈ َن)‪َ ،(3‬ﻋﻦ ُأ َﺳﺎ َﻣ َﺔ ْﺑ ِﻦ َز ْﻳ ٍﺪ)‪.(4‬‬ ‫)‪ (1‬اﻟ ﱢﺜ َﻘﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻧﻈﺮ ‪ :‬ﺗﺬﻛﺮ َة اﳊﻔﺎظ‪ ،‬ﻟﻠ ﱠﺬ َﻫﺒِ ّﻲ‪.(448/2) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ (2‬ﻫﻮ ُ َﳏ ﱠﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﳛﻴﻰ ﺑﻦ َأ ِﰊ ﻋﻤﺮ اﻟ َﻌ َﺪ ِ ّﲏ‪ ،‬ﺗﻘﺪﻣﺖ ﺗﺮﲨﺘﻪ‪ ،‬اﻧﻈﺮ ‪) :‬ص‪.(100‬‬ ‫)‪ (3‬ﻛﻠﻤﺔ \" َﻋ ْﺒﺪ \" ﻣﻦ )ب(‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ِ (4‬ﰲ )ب( \"ﺑﻦ\" ﺧﻄﺄ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪َ (5‬أ ُﺑﻮ ﺳﻠﻤﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﳐﺘﻠﻒ ﻓﻴﻪ‪:‬‬ ‫َو ﱠﺛ َﻘﻪ ﳛﻴﻰ ْﺑﻦ َﻣ ِﻌﲔ ﻣﺮة‪ ،‬و َأ ُﺑﻮ داود‪ ،‬وﻛﺬا َو ﱠﺛ َﻘﻪ اﻟ ﱠﺬ َﻫﺒِ ّﻲ‪َ ،‬و َزا َد ‪\" :‬ﻣﺸﻬﻮر ﻓﻴﻪ ﳾء\"‪َ ،‬و َﻗﺎ َل ِﰲ ﻣﻮﺿﻊ آﺧـﺮ ‪َ \" :‬و ﱠﺛ َﻘـﻪ َﻏـ ْﲑ َوا ِﺣـﺪ\"‪،‬‬ ‫وﰲ ﻣﻮﺿﻊ \"ﻗﻮاه َﻏ ْﲑ َوا ِﺣﺪ\"‪.‬‬ ‫َو َذ َﻛ َﺮه اﺑ ُﻦ ِﺣ ﱠﺒﺎن ِﰲ اﻟ ﱢﺜ َﻘﺎت‪ ،(407 /7) ،‬وﻗﺎل ‪\" :‬ﳜﻄﺊ\"‪.‬‬ ‫َو َﻗﺎ َل َﻋِ ﱡﲇ ﺑﻦ ا َﳌ ِﺪﻳﻨِ ّﻲ ‪\" :‬ﻟﻴﺲ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺄس\"‪.‬‬ ‫َو َﻗﺎ َل َأ ْ َﲪ ُﺪ ﺑﻦ َﺣﻨْ َﺒﻞ ‪\" :‬ﺻﺎﻟﺢ ا َْﳊ ِﺪﻳﺚ\"‪َ ،‬وﺑِ ِﻤ ْﺜ ِﻞ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ َﻗﺎ َل اﻟﺪاﻗﻄﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﻗﺎل ‪\" :‬ﺻﺎﻟﺢ ﺑﴫي ﻳﻌﺘﱪ ﺑﻪ\"‪.‬‬ ‫وأﺟﺎ َب ا ْﺑ ُﻦ َﻣ ِﻌﲔ ﻋﻨﻪ ِﰲ اﻟ ﱡﺰ ْﻫ ِﺮ ّي‪ ،‬ﺑﻘﻮﻟﻪ ‪\" :‬ﺻﻮﻳﻠﺢ َﻟ ْﻴ َﺲ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻮى\"‪ ،‬وﻛﺬا َﻗﺎ َل اﺑ ُﻦ اﻟ َﱪﻗﻲ ُ َﳏ ﱠﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ َﻋ ْﺒﺪ اﷲِ‪.‬‬ ‫َو َﻗﺎ َل اﺑ ُﻦ َﻣ ِﻌﲔ ﻣﺮة ‪ :‬ﺻﺎﻟﺢ‪ ،‬وأﺧﺮى ‪َ :‬ﻟ ْﻴ َﺲ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻮي‪َ ،‬وﺑِ ِﻤ ْﺜ ِﻞ َﻗﻮﻟﻪ اﻷﺧﲑ َﻫ َﺬا َﻗﺎ َل اﻟ ﱠﺪا َر ُﻗ ْﻄﻨِ ّﻲ‪.‬‬ ‫َو َﻗﺎ َل اﺑ ُﻦ َﺣ َﺠﺮ ‪\" :‬ﻫﻮ ﻣﻦ َأ ْﺻ َﺤﺎ ِب اﻟ ﱡﺰ ْﻫ ِﺮ ّي ا َﳌ ْﺸ ُﻬﻮرﻳﻦ‪ ،‬أﺧﺮ َج ﻟﻪ اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨﺎ ِر ّي َﺣ ِﺪﻳﺜﲔ ﻣﻦ رواﻳﺘﻪ ﻋﻦ اﻟ ﱡﺰ ْﻫ ِﺮ ّي ﺗﻮﺑﻊ ﻓﻴﻬ َﲈ وﻋﻠـﻖ ﻟـﻪ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ َﳘﺎ\"‪َ .‬و َﻗﺎ َل َﻣ ﱠﺮ ًة ‪َ \" :‬ﺻ ُﺪوق ﳜﻄﻰء\"‪ ،‬واﻛﺘ ِﻔﻲ ﻣﺮ ًة ﻓﻴﻪ ﺑ َﺼ ُﺪوق‪.‬‬ ‫َو َﻗﺎ َل ﻣﻌﺎذ ﺑﻦ ﻣﻌﺎذ ‪\" :‬ﻛﺘﺒﺖ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻋﻦ اﻟ ﱡﺰ ْﻫ ِﺮ ّي ُﺛ ﱠﻢ رﻏﺒﺖ ﻋﻨﻪ\"‪ ،‬ﻓﺴﺌﻞ ﻋﻦ َذﻟِ َﻚ َﻓ َﻘﺎ َل ‪\" :‬رأﻳﺘﻪ ﻳﺄﰐ أﺷﻌﺚ ﺑﻦ َﻋ ْﺒﺪ اﳌﻠﻚ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈذا ﻗﻤﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺟﻠﺲ إِ َﱃ ﺻﺒﻴﺎن ﻓﺄﻣﻠﻮﻫﺎ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ\"‪.‬‬ ‫َو َﻗﺎ َل ﳛﻴﻰ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ‪ :‬ﻛﺘﺒﺖ َﺣ ِﺪﻳﺜﻪ ُﺛ ﱠﻢ رﻣﻴﺖ ﺑﻪ‪ ،‬وﻧﺴﺐ اﺑ ُﻦ ا َﳉ ْﻮ ِز ّي َﻫ َﺬا اﻟ َﻘ ْﻮل ﻟﻴﺤﻴﻰ ْﺑﻦ َﻣ ِﻌﲔ ﺧﻄ ًﺄ‪.‬‬ ‫َو َذ َﻛ َﺮ اﳌَ ﱡﺮو ِذي أ ﱠن َأ ْ َﲪ َﺪ ذﻛﺮه ﻓﻠﻢ ﻳﺮﺿﻪ‪ ،‬وﻗﺎل ‪ :‬وأراه َذ َﻛ َﺮ َأ ﱠﻧ ُﻪ ﻟﻪ رأي ﺳﻮء‪.‬‬ ‫وأ َﺷﺎ َر اﻟ ﱡﺬﻫﲇ إِ َﱃ اﺿﻄﺮا ٍب ِﰲ ﺑﻌ ِﺾ َﺣ ِﺪﻳﺜ ِﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫وﻟﻴﻨﻪ ﳛﻴﻰ ﺑﻦ َﺳ ِﻌﻴﺪ اﻟ َﻘ ﱠﻄﺎن‪ ،‬واﻟ َﻔ َﺴ ِﻮ ّي‪ ،‬وﻛﺬا اﻟ ﱠﺬ َﻫﺒِ ّﻲ ﺑِ َﻘ ْﻮ ِﻟ ِﻪ ﻣﺮة ‪\" :‬ﻣﻦ رﺟﺎل اﻟ ﱠﺼ ِﺤﻴﺤﲔ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻟﲔ\"‪.‬‬ ‫َو َﻗﺎ َل اﻟ ﱠﺬ َﻫﺒِ ﱡﻲ ﻣﺮة ‪\" :‬ﻓﻴﻪ ﳾء\"‪ ،‬وﻋﻠﻞ ﺑ َﺬ ِﻟ َﻚ اﺧﺘﻼف أﻗﻮال ﳛﻴﻰ ْﺑﻦ َﻣ ِﻌﲔ ﻓﻴﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫َو َﻗﺎ َل َﻣ ﱠﺮة ‪\" :‬وروى ﻟﻪ اﻟ ﱠﺸ ْﻴﺨﺎن ِﰲ اﳌﺘﺎﺑﻌﺎت‪َ ،‬ﻣﺎ أﻇﻦ أن َوا ِﺣ ًﺪا ﻣﻨﻬ َﲈ ﺟﻌﻠﻪ ﺣﺠﺔ\"‪ ،‬وأﺧﺮى ﻗﺎل ‪\" :‬ﺑﺎﳉﻬﺪ أن ﻳﻌﺪ َﺣ ِﺪﻳﺜﻪ ﺣﺴـ ًﻨﺎ‪،‬‬ ‫وﻟﻴﺲ ﻫﻮ ﺑﺎﳌﻜﺜﺮ\"‪.‬‬ ‫َو َﺿ ﱠﻌ َﻔ ُﻪ ﴏاﺣ ًﺔ ﳛﻴﻰ ﺑﻦ َﺳ ِﻌﻴﺪ اﻟ َﻘ ﱠﻄﺎن‪ ،‬وا ْﺑﻦ َﻣ ِﻌﲔ ﻣﺮة‪ ،‬واﻟﻨﱠ َﺴﺎ ِﺋ ّﻲ‪ ،‬وﻛﺬا اﺑـﻦ َﻋـ ِﺪي ﻗـﺎل ‪\" :‬ﻫـﻮ ﻣـﻦ اﻟ ﱡﻀـ َﻌ َﻔﺎء اﻟـﺬﻳﻦ ﻳﻜﺘـﺐ‬ ‫َﺣ ِﺪﻳﺜﻬﻢ\"‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ ‪ :‬ﻫﻮ َﺻ ُﺪوق ﳜﻄﺊ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ﻣﻦ َأ ْﺻ َﺤﺎ ِب اﻟ ﱡﺰ ْﻫ ِﺮ ّي اﳌَ ْﺸ ُﻬﻮرﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﻛ َﲈ َﻗﺎ َل اﺑ ُﻦ َﺣ َﺠﺮ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ﻳﺮوي ﻋﻦ اﻟ ﱡﺰ ْﻫ ِﺮ ّي ﻫﻨﺎ‪ ،‬وإن ﻛـﺎن ا ْﺑـ ُﻦ‬ ‫َﻣ ِﻌﲔ َﻗﺎ َل ﻓﻴﻪ ِﰲ اﻟ ﱡﺰ ْﻫ ِﺮ ّي ‪ :‬ﺻﻮﻳﻠﺢ َﻟ ْﻴ َﺲ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻮي‪ ،‬وﻗﺮﻧﻪ ُﻣ ْﺴﻠِ ٌﻢ ﺑﺂﺧﺮ ﻫﻨﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪َ :‬ﺗﺎ ِرﻳ َﺦ ا ْﺑﻦ َﻣ ِﻌﲔ )رواﻳﺔ اﻟﺪوري(‪ ،(60/3) ،‬و َﺗﺎ ِرﻳ َﺦ ا ْﺑﻦ َﻣ ِﻌﲔ )رواﻳﺔ اﻟﺪارﻣﻲ(‪) ،‬ص‪ ،(44‬وﻣﻦ ﻛـﻼم َأ ِﰊ زﻛﺮﻳـﺎ ﳛﻴـﻰ‬ ‫ا ْﺑﻦ َﻣ ِﻌﲔ ِﰲ اﻟﺮﺟﺎل )رواﻳﺔ اﺑﻦ ﻃﻬ َﲈن(‪) ،‬ص ‪ ،(67‬و ُﺳ َﺆا َﻻ ِت اﺑﻦ اﳉﻨﻴﺪ ﻟﻴﺤﻴﻰ ْﺑـﻦ َﻣ ِﻌـﲔ‪) ،‬ص ‪ ،(309‬وﻋﻠـ َﻞ َأ ْ َﲪـﺪ )رواﻳـﺔ‬ ‫اﳌﺮوذي وﻏﲑه(‪) ،‬ص‪ ،(88‬واﳌ ْﻌ ِﺮ َﻓ َﺔ َواﻟ َﺘﺎ ِرﻳﺦ‪ ،‬ﻟِ َﻴ ْﻌ ُﻘﻮب ﺑ ِﻦ ُﺳ ْﻔ َﻴﺎن اﻟ َﻔ َﺴـ ِﻮ ّي‪ ،(51 /3) ،‬واﻟ ﱡﻀـ َﻌ َﻔﺎ َء َوا َﳌ ْ ُﱰوﻛِـﲔ‪ ،‬ﻟﻠﻨﺴـﺎﺋﻲ‪= ،‬‬ ‫‪270‬‬

‫واﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ َﻋﻦ َ ْﳛ َﻴﻰ ْﺑ ِﻦ َ ْﳛ َﻴﻰ‪َ ،‬و َأ ِﰊ َﺑ ْﻜ ِﺮ ْﺑﻦ َأﺑِﻰ َﺷ ْﻴ َﺒ َﺔ‪َ ،‬وإِ ْﺳ َﺤﺎق ْﺑ ِﻦ إِ ْﺑ َﺮا ِﻫﻴ َﻢ ﲨﻴ ًﻌﺎ‪َ ،‬ﻋﻦ ا ْﺑ ِﻦ ُﻋﻴَ ْﻴ َﻨـﺔ‪َ ،‬ﻋـﻦ ا ْﺑـ ِﻦ‬ ‫ِﺷ َﻬﺎ ٍب‪َ ،‬ﻋﻦ َﻋ َﲆ ْﺑ ِﻦ ُﺣ َﺴ ْ ٍﲔ‪َ ،‬ﻋﻦ َﻋ ْﻤ ِﺮو ْﺑ ِﻦ ُﻋ ْﺜ َﲈ َن‪َ ،‬ﻋﻦ ُأ َﺳﺎ َﻣ َﺔ)‪.(5‬‬ ‫وﻗﺪ أﻓﺮ َد اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨﺎ ِر ﱡي اﻟﻘﺼﺘﲔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﺧﺮج اﻷوﱃ ِﰲ ا َﳊ ﱢﺞ َﻋﻦ َأ ْﺻ َﺒﻎ)‪َ ،(6‬ﻋﻦ ا ْﺑ ِﻦ َو ْﻫ ٍﺐ‪َ ،‬ﻋﻦ ُﻳـﻮ ُﻧ َﺲ‪َ ،‬ﻋـﻦ ا ْﺑـ ِﻦ‬ ‫ِﺷ َﻬﺎ ٍب)‪.(7‬‬ ‫=)ص‪ ،(235‬واﻟ ﱡﻀ َﻌ َﻔﺎ َء اﻟ َﻜﺒِﲑ‪ ،‬ﻟﻠ ُﻌ ِﻘ ْﻴِ ّﲇ‪ ،(1295 /4) ،‬وا َْﳉ ْﺮ َح َواﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﻌ ِﺪﻳﻞ‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ َأ ِﰊ َﺣـﺎﺗِﻢ‪ ،(241/7) ،‬و ُﺳـ َﺆا َﻻ ِت اﻟﱪﻗـﺎﲏ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻟﻠ ﱠﺪا َر ُﻗ ْﻄﻨِ ّﻲ‪) ،‬ص‪ ،(59‬واﻟﻜﺎﻣ َﻞ ِﰲ اﻟ ﱡﻀ َﻌ َﻔﺎء‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ ﻋﺪي‪ ،(260 /6) ،‬واﻟﺘﻌﺪﻳ َﻞ واﻟﺘﺠﺮﻳﺢ‪ ،‬ﻟﻠﺒـﺎﺟﻲ‪ ،(356/1) ،‬واﻟ ﱡﻀـ َﻌ َﻔﺎ َء‬ ‫َوا َﳌ ْ ُﱰو ِﻛـﲔ‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑـ ِﻦ ا َﳉـ ْﻮ ِز ّي‪ ،(53 /3) ،‬و ِﺳـ َ َﲑ َأ ْﻋـ َﻼ ِم اﻟﻨﱡـ َﺒ َﻼ ِء‪ ،(58 /7) ،‬وا ْﻟ َﻜﺎ ِﺷـ َﻒ‪ ،(165 /2) ،‬واﳌﻐﻨـﻲ ِﰲ اﻟ ﱡﻀـ َﻌ َﻔﺎء‪،‬‬ ‫)‪ ،(286 /2‬وﻣﻴﺰا َن اﻻﻋﺘﺪال‪ ،(121/6) ،‬وذﻛ َﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻜﻠﻢ ﻓﻴﻪ وﻫﻮ ﻣﻮﺛﻖ‪) ،‬ص ‪ ،(171‬ﲬﺴﺘﻬﺎ ﻟﻠ ﱠﺬ َﻫﺒِ ّﻲ‪ ،‬وﻫﺪي اﻟﺴﺎري‪) ،‬ص‬ ‫‪ ،(438‬و َﻓ ْﺘ َﺢ اﻟ َﺒﺎ ِر ّي‪ ،(14/8) ،‬ﻛﻼﳘﺎ ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪َ (1‬أ ُﺑﻮ وﻫﺐ اﻟﻴ َﲈﲏ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل ﳛﻴﻰ ﻣﺮة ﺻﻮﻳﻠﺢ ا َْﳊ ِﺪﻳﺚ‪ ،‬ﺑﻌﺪ َﻣﺎ ﺿﻌﻔﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫َوﻛﺬا َﺿ ﱠﻌﻔﻪ اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨﺎ ِر ّي وزاد‪ \":‬ﻫﻮ ﻣﻨﻜﺮ اﳊﺪﻳﺚ َﻛﺜِﲑ اﻟﻐﻠﻂ\"‪َ ،‬و َﻗﺎ َل َﻣ ﱠﺮة ‪\" :‬ﳜﺎﻟﻒ ِﰲ َﺣ ِﺪﻳﺜـﻪ\"‪ ،‬وأﺧـﺮى ‪\" :‬ذاﻫـﺐ ا َْﳊـ ِﺪﻳﺚ‪ ،‬ﻻ‬ ‫ﻳﺪري َﺻ ِﺤﻴ َﺢ َﺣ ِﺪﻳﺜﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺳﻘﻴﻤﻪ‪ ،‬أﻧﺎ ﻻ أروي ﻋﻨﻪ\"‪.‬‬ ‫وﻛﺎن َأ ُﺑﻮ داود ﻻ ﳜﺮج َﺣ ِﺪﻳﺚ ز ْﻣ َﻌﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫َو َﻗﺎ َل اﺑ ُﻦ ُﺧ َﺰ ْﻳ ِﻤﺔ ‪ِ :‬ﰲ ﻗﻠﺒﻲ ِﻣﻨْ ُﻪ ﳾء‪َ ،‬و َﻗﺎ َل ِﰲ ﻣﻮﺿﻊ آﺧﺮ ‪ :‬أﻧﺎ ﺑﺮيء ﻣﻦ ﻋﻬﺪﺗﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫َو َﻗﺎ َل اﺑ ُﻦ ِﺣ ﱠﺒﺎن ‪\" :‬ﻛﺎن رﺟ ًﻼ ﺻﺎ ًﳊﺎ ﳞﻢ وﻻ ﻳﻌﻠﻢ وﳜﻄﻰء وﻻ ﻳﻔﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻓﻐﻠﺒﺖ ِﰲ َﺣ ِﺪﻳﺜﻪ اﳌﻨﺎﻛﲑ\"‪.‬‬ ‫َو َﻗﺎ َل اﺑ ُﻦ ﻋﺪي ‪ :‬و َﺣ ِﺪﻳﺜﻪ ﻛﻠﻪ ﻛﺄﻧﻪ َﻓ َﻮا ِﺋﺪ‪ ،‬ورﺑ َﲈ ﳞﻢ ِﰲ ﺑﻌﺾ َﻣﺎ ﻳﺮوﻳﻪ‪ ،‬وأرﺟﻮ أ ﱠن َﺣ ِﺪﻳﺜﻪ ﺻﺎﻟﺢ ﻻ َﺑ ْﺄ َس ﺑِ ِﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫َو َذ َﻛ َﺮه اﻟ ﱠﺬ َﻫﺒِ ّﻲ ِﰲ ذﻛﺮ أﺳ َﲈء ﻣﻦ ﺗﻜﻠﻢ ﻓﻴﻪ وﻫﻮ ﻣﻮﺛﻖ‪) ،‬ص‪.(80‬‬ ‫واﻟﺒﺎﻗﻲ َﻋ َﲆ ﺗﻀﻌﻴﻔﻪ ﴏاﺣﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ ‪ :‬ﻫﻮ ﺿﻌﻴﻒ‪ ،‬وﻗﺮﻧﻪ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﺑﺂﺧﺮ ﻫﻨﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪َ :‬ﺗﺎ ِرﻳ َﺦ ا ْﺑـﻦ َﻣ ِﻌـﲔ )رواﻳـﺔ اﻟـﺪوري(‪ ،(75/3) ،‬واﻟ َﺘـﺎ ِرﻳ َﺦ اﻟﻜﺒـﲑ‪ ،‬ﻟﻠﺒﺨـﺎري‪ ،(451/3) ،‬واﻟ ِﻌ َﻠـ َﻞ اﻟﻜﺒـﲑ‪ ،‬ﻟﻠﱰﻣـﺬي‪،‬‬ ‫)‪ ،(967/2 ،430/1‬وا َْﳉ ْﺮ َح َواﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﻌ ِﺪﻳﻞ‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑـ ِﻦ َأ ِﰊ َﺣـﺎﺗِﻢ‪ ،(624/3) ،‬واﳌﺠـﺮوﺣﲔ‪ ،‬ﻻﺑـﻦ ﺣﺒـﺎن‪ ،(312/1) ،‬واﻟﻜﺎﻣـ َﻞ ِﰲ‬ ‫اﻟ ﱡﻀ َﻌ َﻔﺎء‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ ﻋﺪي‪ ،(231/3) ،‬و َ ْﲥ ِﺬﻳ َﺐ اﻟﻜ َﲈل‪ ،‬ﻟﻠ ِﻤ ﱢﺰ ّي‪ ،(386/9) ،‬و َ ْﲥ ِﺬﻳ َﺐ اﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﻬ ِﺬﻳﺐ‪َ ،(165/3) ،‬و َﺗ َﻘ ِﺮﻳـ َﺐ اﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﻬـ ِﺬﻳﺐ‪،‬‬ ‫)‪ ،(2035‬ﻛﻼﳘﺎ ﻻﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (2‬ﻫﻮ َأ ُﺑﻮ ا ُﳊ َﺴ ْﲔ‪ ،‬و ﻳﻘﺎل َأ ُﺑﻮ ا َﳊ َﺴﻦ‪ ،‬وﻳﻘﺎل َأ ُﺑﻮ ُ َﳏ ﱠﻤﺪ‪ ،‬اﺑﻦ َﻋِ ّﲇ ﺑﻦ َأ ِﰊ ﻃﺎﻟﺐ اﻟ ُﻘ َﺮ ِ ّﳾ اﳍﺎﺷﻤﻲ‪ ،‬ﺛِ َﻘﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪َ :‬ﺗ َﻘ ِﺮﻳ َﺐ اﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﻬ ِﺬﻳﺐ‪ ،‬ﻻﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ‪.(4715) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ (3‬ﻫﻮ اﻟ ﱢﺜ َﻘﺔ‪َ ،‬أ ُﺑﻮ ﻋﺜ َﲈن‪ ،‬اﺑﻦ ﻋﻔﺎن ﺑﻦ أﰊ اﻟﻌﺎص ﺑﻦ أﻣﻴﺔ اﻟ ُﻘ َﺮ ِ ّﳾ اﻷﻣﻮي‪.‬‬ ‫ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪َ :‬ﺗ َﻘ ِﺮﻳ َﺐ اﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﻬ ِﺬﻳﺐ‪ ،‬ﻻﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ‪.(5077) ،‬‬ ‫)‪َ (4‬ﺻ ِﺤﻴ ُﺢ ُﻣ ْﺴﻠِﻢ ‪ِ (15) :‬ﻛ َﺘﺎ ُب ا َﳊ ﱢﺞ‪َ (80) ،‬ﺑﺎ ُب اﻟﻨﱡ ُﺰو ِل ﺑِ َﻤ ﱠﻜﺔ ِﻟ ْﻠ َﺤﺎ ﱢج َو َﺗ ْﻮ ِرﻳ ِﺚ ُدو ِر َﻫﺎ‪.(1351/440 -439) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ِ (23) (5‬ﻛ َﺘﺎب اﻟ َﻔ َﺮاﺋِ ِﺾ‪.(1614/1) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ (6‬ﻫﻮ َأ ُﺑﻮ َﻋ ْﺒﺪ اﷲِ‪ ،‬ﺑﻦ اﻟﻔﺮج ﺑﻦ َﺳ ِﻌﻴﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻧﺎﻓﻊ اﻟ ُﻘ َﺮ ِ ّﳾ‪ ،‬اﻷﻣﻮي‪ ،‬ﻣﻮﱃ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ َﻋ ْﺒﺪ اﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ‪َ ،‬و ﱠراق َﻋ ْﺒﺪ ا ِﷲ ﺑﻦ وﻫﺐ‪.‬‬ ‫و َﻗﺎ َل َأ ُﺑﻮ َﺣﺎﺗِﻢ اﻟ ﱠﺮا ِز ّي ‪\" :‬ﻫﻮ أﺟﻞ َأ ْﺻ َﺤﺎب ﺑﻦ وﻫﺐ\"‪.‬‬ ‫ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪ :‬ا َْﳉ ْﺮ َح َواﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﻌ ِﺪﻳﻞ‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ َأ ِﰊ َﺣﺎﺗِﻢ‪ ،(321 /2) ،‬واﻟ ﱢﺜ َﻘﺎ ِت‪ ،‬ﻻﺑﻦ ِﺣ ﱠﺒﺎن‪.(133 /8) ،‬‬ ‫)‪َ (7‬ﺻ ِﺤﻴ ُﺢ اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨﺎ ِر ّي ‪َ (44) :‬ﺑﺎ ُب َﺗ ْﻮ ِرﻳ ِﺚ ُدو ِر َﻣ ﱠﻜﺔ َو َﺑ ْﻴ ِﻌ َﻬﺎ َو ِ َﴍاﺋِ َﻬﺎ‪ ،(1588) ،‬و َأ ْﺧ َﺮ َﺟـ ُﻪ أﻳ ًﻀـﺎ ِﰲ )‪ (56‬ﻛِ َﺘـﺎب ا ِْﳉ َﻬـﺎ ِد َواﻟ ﱢﺴـ َ ِﲑ‪،‬‬ ‫)‪َ (180‬ﺑﺎ ُب إِ َذا َأ ْﺳ َﻠ َﻢ َﻗ ْﻮ ٌم ِﰲ َدا ِر ا َْﳊ ْﺮ ِب َو َُﳍ ْﻢ َﻣﺎ ٌل َو َأ َر ُﺿﻮ َن َﻓ ِﻬ َﻲ َُﳍ ْﻢ‪َ ،(3058) ،‬ﻋﻦ َ ْﳏ ُﻤﻮد‪َ ،‬ﻋﻦ َﻋ ْﺒﺪ اﻟ ﱠﺮ ﱠزا ِق‪َ ،‬ﻋـﻦ َﻣ ْﻌ َﻤـ ٍﺮ‪َ ،‬ﻋـﻦ‬ ‫ا ْﺑ ِﻦ ِﺷ َﻬﺎ ٍب َﻋﻦ َﻋِ ّﲇ ْﺑ ِﻦ ُﺣ َﺴ ْ ٍﲔ‪َ ،‬ﻋﻦ َﻋ ْﻤ ِﺮو ْﺑ ِﻦ ُﻋ ْﺜ َﲈ َن‪َ ،‬ﻋﻦ ُأ َﺳﺎ َﻣ َﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫‪271‬‬

‫واﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ِﰲ اﻟﻔﺮاﺋﺾ َﻋﻦ َأ ِﰊ َﻋﺎ ِﺻ ٍﻢ‪َ ،‬ﻋ ِﻦ اﺑﻦ ُﺟ َﺮ ْﻳﺢ‪َ ،‬ﻋﻦ ا ْﺑ ِﻦ ِﺷ َﻬﺎ ٍب)‪.(1‬‬ ‫وﲨﻊ ﺑﻴﻨﻬ َﲈ ِﰲ اﳌﻐﺎزي ﻣﻦ ﻃﺮﻳ ِﻖ ُﺳ َﻠ ْﻴ َﲈ ِن ْﺑ ِﻦ َﻋ ْﺒﺪ اﻟ ﱠﺮ ْ َﲪﻦ)‪َ ،(2‬ﻋﻦ َﺳ ْﻌ َﺪا َن ْﺑ ِﻦ َ ْﳛ َﻴﻰ)‪َ ،(3‬ﻋﻦ ُ َﳏ ﱠﻤـﺪ ْﺑـ ِﻦ َأ ِﰊ‬ ‫َﺣ ْﻔ َﺼ َﺔ‪َ ،‬ﻋﻦ ا ْﺑ ِﻦ ِﺷ َﻬﺎ ٍب)‪ ،(1‬واﻷﻣﺮ ِﰲ َذﻟِ َﻚ َﻗ ِﺮﻳﺐ)‪.(2‬‬ ‫)‪َ (1‬ﺻ ِﺤﻴ ُﺢ اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨﺎ ِر ّي ‪َ (26) :‬ﺑﺎ ُب َﻻ َﻳ ِﺮ ُث اﳌُ ْﺴ ِﻠ ُﻢ ا ْﻟ َﻜﺎﻓِ َﺮ‪َ ،‬و َﻻ ا ْﻟ َﻜﺎﻓِ ُﺮ اﳌُْ ْﺴ ِﻠ َﻢ‪َ ،‬وإِ َذا َأ ْﺳـ َﻠ َﻢ َﻗ ْﺒـ َﻞ َأ ْن ُﻳ ْﻘ َﺴـ َﻢ ا ْﳌِـ َﲑا ُث َﻓـ َﻼ ِﻣـ َﲑا َث َﻟـ ُﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫)‪.(6764‬‬ ‫)‪َ (2‬أ ُﺑﻮ َأ ﱡﻳﻮب‪ ،‬اﳌﻌﺮوف ﺑﺎﺑﻦ ﺑﻨﺖ َ ْﴍﺣﺒﻴﻞ‪ ،‬اﻟ ﱠﺘ ِﻤﻴ ِﻤ ّﻲ‪ ،‬اﻟ ﱢﺪ َﻣ ْﺸﻘ ّﻲ‪.‬‬ ‫َو ﱠﺛ َﻘﻪ اﻟ ِﻌ ْﺠِ ﱡﲇ‪ ،‬و َأ ُﺑﻮ داود‪َ ،‬و َزا َد ‪\" :‬ﳜﻄﺊ ﻛ َﲈ ﳜﻄﺊ اﻟﻨﺎس\"‪ ،‬واﻟ َﻔ َﺴ ِﻮ ﱡي‪ ،‬واﻟـ ﱠﺪا َر ُﻗ ْﻄﻨِ ﱡﻲ‪َ ،‬و َزا َد ‪ :‬ﻋﻨـﺪه ﻣﻨـﺎﻛﲑ ﳛـﺪث ﲠـﺎ ﻋـﻦ ﻗـﻮم‬ ‫اﻟ ﱡﻀ َﻌ َﻔﺎء‪ ،‬ووﻛﺬا َو ﱠﺛ َﻘﻪ اﻟ ﱠﺬ َﻫﺒِ ّﻲ‪َ ،‬و َزا َد ‪َ \" :‬ﻟ ِﻜﻨﱠ ُﻪ ﻣﻜﺜﺮ ﻋﻦ اﻟ ﱡﻀ َﻌ َﻔﺎء\"‪َ ،‬و َﻗﺎ َل ِﰲ ﻣﻮﺿﻊ آﺧﺮ ‪\" :‬ﻛﺎن ﻣﻦ أوﻋﻴﺔ اﻟﻌﻠﻢ\"‪.‬‬ ‫ذﻛﺮه اﺑ ُﻦ ِﺣ ﱠﺒﺎن ِﰲ اﻟ ﱢﺜ َﻘﺎ ِت‪ ،(278 /8) ،‬وﻗﺎل ‪\" :‬ﻳﻌﺘﱪ َﺣ ِﺪﻳﺜﻪ إذا روى ﻋﻦ اﻟ ﱢﺜ َﻘﺎت اﳌﺸﺎﻫﲑ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄ ﱠﻣﺎ رواﻳﺘﻪ ﻋﻦ اﻟ ﱡﻀ َﻌ َﻔﺎء واﳌﺠﺎﻫﻴـﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﻔﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﻨﺎﻛﲑ َﻛﺜِﲑة ﻻ ا ْﻋﺘِ َﺒﺎر ﲠﺎ‪ ،‬وإ ﱠﻧ َﲈ ﻳﻘﻊ اﻟﺴﱪ ِﰲ اﻷﺧﺒﺎر واﻻ ْﻋﺘِ َﺒﺎر ﺑﺎﻵﺛﺎر ﺑﺮواﻳﺔ اﻟﻌﺪول واﻟ ﱢﺜ َﻘﺎت دون اﻟ ﱡﻀ َﻌ َﻔﺎء واﳌﺠﺎﻫﻴﻞ\"‪.‬‬ ‫َو َﻗﺎ َل ﳛﻴﻰ ْﺑﻦ َﻣ ِﻌﲔ ‪َ :‬ﻟ ْﻴ َﺲ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺄس إذا ﺣﺪث ﻋﻦ اﳌﻌﺮوﻓﲔ‪ ،‬وﻫﺬه رواﻳﺔ ﻣﻌﺎوﻳﺔ ﺑﻦ ﺻﺎﻟﺢ‪ ،‬رواﻫﺎ اﻟ ُﻌ َﻘ ْﻴِ ّﲇ ﺑﺈﺳـﻨﺎده‪ ،‬وﻛـﺬا ﻧﻘﻠﻬـﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺎﻗﻮن‪.‬‬ ‫وﻟﻜﻦ اﳌِ ﱢﺰ ّي ﻧﻘﻠﻬﺎ ﻋﻨﻪ ِﰲ َ ْﲥ ِﺬﻳ ِﺐ اﻟﻜ َﲈل ﻣﻦ رواﻳﺔ ﻣﻌﺎوﻳﺔ ﺑﻦ ﺻﺎﻟﺢ ﺑﻠﻔﻆ ‪ :‬ﺛِ َﻘﺔ إذا َﺣ ﱠﺪ َث ﻋﻦ اﳌﻌﺮوﻓﲔ‪.‬‬ ‫وﺑﻌﺒﺎر ٍة ﳑَﺎﺛﻠ ٍﺔ ﻋﱪ ﺻﺎﻟﺢ ﺑﻦ ُ َﳏ ﱠﻤﺪ َﺟ َﺰ َرة ‪ :‬ﻻ َﺑ ْﺄ َس ﺑِ ِﻪ‪ ،‬وﻟﻜﻦ ﳛﺪث ﻋﻦ اﻟ ﱠﻀ ْﻌ َﻔﻰ‪.‬‬ ‫َو َﻗﺎ َل َأ ُﺑﻮ َﺣﺎﺗِﻢ ‪َ \" :‬ﺻ ُﺪوق ُﻣ ْﺴ َﺘ ِﻘﻴﻢ ا َْﳊ ِﺪﻳﺚ‪ ،‬و َﻟ ِﻜﻨﱠ ُﻪ أروى اﻟﻨﺎ ِس ﻋﻦ اﻟ ﱡﻀ َﻌ َﻔﺎ ِء واﳌﺠﻬﻮﻟﲔ‪ ،‬وﻛﺎن ﻋﻨـﺪي ِﰲ ﺣـﺪ ‪ :‬ﻟـﻮ أن رﺟـ ًﻼ‬ ‫وﺿﻊ ﻟﻪ َﺣ ِﺪﻳ ًﺜﺎ ﱂ ﻳﻔﻬﻢ‪ ،‬وﻛﺎن ﻻ ﻳﻤﻴﺰ\"‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﺮ ﱠد ﻋﻠﻴﻪ اﻟ ﱠﺬ َﻫﺒِ ﱡﻲ ﺑﻘﻮﻟﻪ ‪\" :‬ﺑﲆ واﷲ ﻛﺎن ﻳﻤﻴﺰ وﻳﺪري\"‪.‬‬ ‫وﻟﻜﻦ اﻟ ﱠﺬ َﻫﺒِ ّﻲ ﺗﺮاﺟﻊ ﻋﻦ َﻫ َﺬا‪ ،‬ﻓﺒﻌﺪ أن َذ َﻛ َﺮ ﻟﺴﻠﻴ َﲈن َﺣ ِﺪﻳ ًﺜﺎ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎل ‪\" :‬وﻫﻮ ﻣﻊ ﻧﻈﺎﻓﺔ ﺳﻨﺪه َﺣ ِﺪﻳ ٌﺚ ﻣﻨﻜ ٌﺮ ﺟـ ًﺪا‪ِ ،‬ﰲ ﻧﻔﴘـ ِﻣ ْﻨـ ُﻪ ﳾء‬ ‫ﻓﺎﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ‪َ ،‬ﻓ َﻠ َﻌ ﱠﻞ ﺳﻠﻴ َﲈن ُﺷ ﱢﺒ َﻪ َﻟﻪ‪ ،‬وأدﺧﻞ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻛ َﲈ َﻗﺎ َل ﻓﻴﻪ َأ ُﺑﻮ َﺣﺎﺗِﻢ ‪\" :‬ﻟﻮ أن رﺟ ًﻼ وﺿﻊ ﻟﻪ َﺣ ِﺪﻳ ًﺜﺎ ﱂ ﻳﻔﻬﻢ\"‪.‬‬ ‫َو َﻗﺎ َل اﻟ َﻔ َﺴ ِﻮ ﱡي ﻣﺮة ‪َ \" :‬ﺻ ِﺤﻴﺢ اﻟ ِﻜ َﺘﺎب إ ﱠﻻ َأ ﱠﻧ ُﻪ ﻛﺎن ﳛﻮل‪ ،‬ﻓﺈن وﻗﻊ ﻓﻴﻪ َﳾء ﻓﻤﻦ اﻟﻨﻘﻞ\"‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﻔﴪ اﺑ ُﻦ َﺣ َﺠﺮ ﻛﻼﻣﻪ ﺑﻘﻮﻟﻪ ‪\" :‬ﻳﻌﻨﻲ ﻳﻨﺴﺦ ﻣﻦ أﺻﻠﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈن وﻗﻊ ِﻣ ْﻨ ُﻪ َﳾء ﻓﻤﻦ اﻟﻨﻘﻞ\"‪.‬‬ ‫َو َﻗﺎ َل اﻟﻨﱠ َﺴﺎﺋِ ﱡﻲ ‪َ :‬ﺻ ُﺪوق‪َ ،‬وﺑِ ِﻤ ْﺜ ِﻞ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ َﻗﺎ َل اﺑ ُﻦ َﺣ َﺠﺮ‪َ ،‬و َزا َد ‪\" :‬ﳜﻄﻰء\"‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﻟ ﱠﺬ َﻫﺒِ ﱡﻲ ‪ :‬اﺣﺘﺞ ﺑﻪ اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨﺎ ِر ّي‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ﺣﺎﻓﻆ ﻳﺄﰐ ﺑﻤﻨﺎﻛﲑ َﻛﺜِﲑة‪َ ،‬و َﻗﺎ َل َﻣ ﱠﺮة ‪َ :‬و َﻟ ُﻪ َﻣﺎ ﻳﻨﻜﺮ إﻻ َأ ﱠﻧ ُﻪ ﺣﺎﻓ ٌﻆ ﻛﺒ ٌﲑ‪.‬‬ ‫ذﻛﺮه اﻟ ُﻌ َﻘ ْﻴِ ﱡﲇ ِﰲ اﻟ ﱡﻀ َﻌ َﻔﺎء‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﻟ ﱠﺬ َﻫﺒِ ﱡﻲ ﻣﻌﻘ ًﺒﺎ َﻋ َﲆ َذ ِﻟ َﻚ ‪\" :‬ﻟﻮ ﱂ ﻳﺬﻛﺮه اﻟ ُﻌ َﻘ ْﻴِ ّﲇ ِﰲ ﻛِ َﺘﺎب اﻟ ﱡﻀ َﻌ َﻔﺎء ﳌَﺎ ذﻛﺮﺗﻪ ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﺛِ َﻘﺔ ﻣﻄﻠ ًﻘﺎ\"‪.‬‬ ‫َو َﻗﺎ َل اﺑ ُﻦ َﺣ َﺠﺮ ‪ :‬وروى ﻋﻨﻪ اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨﺎ ِر ﱡي َأ َﺣﺎ ِدﻳ َﺚ ﻳﺴﲑة ﻣﻦ رواﻳﺘﻪ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﻓﻘﻂ‪ ،‬وروى ﻟﻪ ﻣﻘﺮو ًﻧﺎ ﺑﻤﻮﺳﻰ ﺑـﻦ ﻫـﺎرون‬ ‫اﻟﱪدي َﺣ ِﺪﻳ ًﺜﺎ ﻣﻦ رواﻳﺘﻪ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻮﻟﻴﺪ أﻳ ًﻀﺎ‪ ،‬وروى ﻟﻪ اﻟﺒﺎﻗﻮن ﺳﻮى ﻣﺴﻠﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ ‪ :‬و َﻟﻜِ ﱠﻨ ُﻪ روى ﻫﻨﺎ ﻋﻦ ﺳﻌﺪان ﺑﻦ ﳛﻴﻰ اﻵﺗﻴﺔ ﺗﺮﲨﺘﻪ‪ ،‬وﺳﻠﻴ َﲈن َﺻ ُﺪوق ﳜﻄﺊ‪ ،‬ﻻ ﻳﺮﺗﻘﻲ ﻟﻠﺜﻘـﺔ ﳌـﺎ ﻧـﺺ اﻟ ُﻌ َﻠـ َﲈ ُء َﻋـ َﲆ وﺟـﻮد‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺎﻛﲑ ﻟﻪ‪ ،‬واﺣﺘ َﲈﻟﻴﺔ دﺧﻮل اﳋﻄﺄ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬وإﺛﺒﺎت اﻟ ﱠﺬ َﻫﺒِ ّﻲ ﻟﻪ َذ ِﻟ َﻚ وﺗﺮاﺟﻊ ﻋﻦ ﻧﻔﻴﻪ َذﻟِ َﻚ‪.‬‬ ‫ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪ :‬ﻣﻌﺮﻓ َﺔ اﻟ ﱢﺜ َﻘﺎت‪ ،‬ﻟﻠﻌﺠﲇ‪ ،(430/1) ،‬وا َْﳉ ْﺮ َح َواﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﻌ ِﺪﻳﻞ‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ َأ ِﰊ َﺣـﺎﺗِﻢ‪ ،(129/4) ،‬واﳌَ ْﻌ ِﺮ َﻓـ َﺔ َواﻟ َﺘـﺎ ِرﻳﺦ‪ِ ،‬ﻟ َﻴ ْﻌ ُﻘـﻮب ﺑـ ِﻦ‬ ‫ُﺳــ ْﻔ َﻴﺎن اﻟ َﻔ َﺴــ ِﻮ ّي‪ ،(453/2) ،‬و ُﺳــ َﺆا َﻻ ِت ا َﳊــﺎ ِﻛﻢ ﻟﻠــ ﱠﺪا َر ُﻗ ْﻄﻨِ ّﻲ‪) ،‬ص ‪ ،(217‬و َﺗــ ْﺬﻛِ َﺮ َة ا ُْﳊ ﱠﻔــﺎظ‪ ،(438 /2) ،‬وا ْﻟ َﻜﺎ ِﺷــ َﻒ‪،‬‬ ‫)‪ ،(462/1‬وذﻛ َﺮ أﺳ َﲈء ﻣﻦ ﺗﻜﻠﻢ ﻓﻴﻪ وﻫﻮ ﻣﻮﺛﻖ‪) ،‬ص‪ ،(93‬وﻣﻴﺰا َن اﻻﻋﺘﺪال‪ ،(301/3) ،‬أرﺑﻌﺘﻬﺎ ﻟﻠ ﱠﺬ َﻫﺒِ ّﻲ‪ ،‬وﻫﺪي اﻟﺴـﺎري‪،‬‬ ‫)ص ‪ ،(407‬و َﺗ َﻘ ِﺮﻳ َﺐ اﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﻬ ِﺬﻳﺐ‪ ،(2588) ،‬ﻛِ َﻼ ُ َﳘﺎ ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ َﺣ َﺠﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (3‬ﻫﻮ َأ ُﺑﻮ ﳛﻴﻰ‪ ،‬اﺳﻤﻪ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ‪ ،‬وﺳﻌﺪان ﻟﻘﺒﻪ‪ ،‬اﻟﻠﺨﻤﻲ اﻟﻜﻮﰲ‪ ،‬ﳐﺘﻠﻒ ﻓﻴﻪ‪:‬‬ ‫ذﻛﺮه اﺑ ُﻦ ِﺣ ﱠﺒﺎن ِﰲ اﻟ ﱢﺜ َﻘﺎت‪َ ،(431/6) ،‬و َﻗﺎ َل ِﰲ ﻣﻮﺿﻊ آﺧﺮ ‪ :‬ﻣﻦ اﳌﺘﻘﻨﲔ اﻟـﺬﻳﻦ ﻳﻐﺮﺑـﻮن‪َ ،‬و َﻗـﺎ َل ِﰲ ﻣﻮﺿـﻊ آﺧـﺮ ‪ :‬ﺛِ َﻘـﺔ َﻣـﺄﻣﻮن‬ ‫ُﻣ ْﺴ َﺘ ِﻘﻴﻢ اﻷﻣﺮ ِﰲ ا َْﳊ ِﺪﻳﺚ‪=.‬‬ ‫‪272‬‬

‫وﻛﺘﺐ ﺑِ َﺨﻄﱢ ِﻪ َﻋ َﲆ َﻫ َﺬا ا َْﳊ ِﺪﻳ ِﺚ ﻓﺎﺋﺪ َة اﻟﻌﺠﺐ ﳑـﻦ ﺗﻌﻠـ َﻖ َﲠـ َﺬا ا َْﳊـ ِﺪﻳﺚ َﻋـ َﲆ أن اﳌﴩـﻛﲔ اﳊـﺮﺑﻴﲔ إذا‬ ‫أﺣﺮز)‪ (3‬وأﺷﻴﺎء ﻟﻠﻤﺴﻠﻤﲔ ُﺛ ﱠﻢ وﻗﻊ ِﰲ أﻳﺪي اﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﻻ َﻳ ُﻜﻮن ﺑﺎﻗ ًﻴﺎ َﻋ َﲆ ﻣﻠـﻚ َﺻـﺎ ِﺣﺒﻪ اﳌﺴـﻠﻢ‪ ،‬وﻫـﺆﻻء اﻓﱰﻗـﻮا‬ ‫ﻓﺮﻗﺘﲔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺮﻗﺔ َﻗﺎﻟَﺖ ‪ :‬ﻻ َﺳﺒِﻴ َﻞ إﻟﻴﻪ ﻟﺼﺎﺣﺒﻪ إذا وﻗﻊ ِﰲ اﳌﻐﺎﻧﻢ‪ ،‬وﻓﺮﻗﺔ َﻗﺎ َﻟﺖ ‪َ :‬ﻳ ُﻜـﻮن َﺻـﺎ ِﺣﺒﻪ أﺣـﻖ ﺑـﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻴﻤـﺔ إذا‬ ‫وﻗ َﻊ ِﰲ اﳌﻐﺎﻧ ِﻢ ووﺟﻪ اﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻖ َﲠ َﺬا ا َْﳊ ِﺪﻳﺚ َأ ﱠﻧ ُﻪ ﻟﻮﻻ زوال اﳌﻠﻚ ﺑﻐﻠﺒـﺔ َﻋ ِﻘﻴـﻞ ﻋﻠﻴﻬـﺎ ﻻﺳـﺘﻴﻔﺎﻫﺎ َﻋـ َﲆ ﻣﻠﻜـﻪ و َﻫـ َﺬا‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﻓﺎﺳﺪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈن ﻗﻮل اﻟﻨﱠﺒِ ّﻲ َﺻ ﱠﲆ ا ُﷲ َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴ ِﻪ َو َﺳ ﱠﻠ َﻢ ‪َ \" :‬و َﻫ ْﻞ َﺗ َﺮ َك َﻟﻨَﺎ َﻋ ِﻘﻴﻞ ِﻣ ْﻦ َدا ٍر؟\"‪ ،‬إﻧ َﲈ ‪/51‬أ َﻗﺎ َﻟـﻪ ﻟﺒﻴـﺎ ِن َأ ﱠن ُدو َر‬ ‫أﰊ َﻃﺎﻟِﺐ ورﺛﻬﺎ َﻋ ِﻘﻴﻞ وﺑﺎﻋﻬﺎ‪ ،‬و َﻛﺎ َن ﺳﺒ ُﺐ َذ ِﻟ َﻚ ﺑﻴﻨﻪ اﻟ ﱠﻨﺒِ ّﻲ َﺻ ﱠﲆ ا ُﷲ َﻋ َﻠﻴْ ِﻪ َو َﺳ ﱠﻠ َﻢ ﺑِ َﻘ ْﻮﻟِ ِﻪ ِﰲ ﲤَـﺎم ا َْﳊـ ِﺪﻳﺚ \"ﻻَ َﻳـ ِﺮ ُث‬ ‫اﳌ ْﺴﻠِ ُﻢ ا ْﻟ َﻜﺎﻓِ َﺮ‪َ ،‬وﻻَ َﻳ ِﺮ ُث اﻟْ َﻜﺎﻓِ ُﺮ اﳌ ْﺴﻠِ َﻢ\"؛ ﻷ ﱠن ﺳﺒ َﺐ َذﻟِ َﻚ ﻏﺼﺐ َﻋ ِﻘﻴﻞ ﳍﺎ‪ ،‬وﻗﺪ َﻗـﺎ َل اﻟ ﱡﺰ ْﻫـ ِﺮ ّي ‪َ :‬أ ْﺧـ َ َﱪ ِﲏ َﻋـِ ّﲇ ْﺑـ ُﻦ‬ ‫ا ُْﳊ َﺴ ْ ِﲔ َأ ﱠن َأ َﺑﺎ َﻃﺎﻟِ ٍﺐ َو ِر َﺛ ُﻪ ا ْﺑ َﻨﺎ ُه َﻋ ِﻘﻴﻞ َو َﻃﺎﻟِ ٌﺐ ُدو َن)‪َ (4‬ﻋِ ﱟﲇ‪َ ،‬ﻓ ِﻠ َﺬﻟِ َﻚ َﺗ َﺮ ْﻛ َﻨﺎ َﺣ ﱠﻘﻨَﺎ ِﻣ َﻦ اﻟ ﱠﺸ ْﻌ ِﺐ)‪.(5‬‬ ‫َو ِﻣ ْﻦ َذﻟِ َﻚ َﻣﺎ ا ْﻋ َ َﱰ َض ﺑﻪ َﻋ َﲆ ا َْﳊﺎﻓِ ِﻆ َﻋ ْﺒ ِﺪ اﻟ َﻐﻨِ ّﻲ ِﰲ َﻗ ْﻮ ِﻟ ِﻪ َﻋﻦ ُأ ﱢم ﻋﻄﻴﺔ َر ِ َﴈ اﷲُ َﻋﻨْ ُﻬـﺎ أ ﱠن َر ُﺳـﻮ َل اﷲِ َﺻـ ﱠﲆ‬ ‫ا ُﷲ َﻋ َﻠﻴْ ِﻪ َو َﺳ ﱠﻠ َﻢ‪َ ،‬ﻗﺎ َل)‪\" : (6‬ﻻَ ُ ِﲢ ﱡﺪ ا ْﻣ َﺮ َأ ٌة َﻋ َﲆ َﻣ ﱢﻴ ٍﺖ َﻓ ْﻮ َق َﺛﻼَ ٍث‪ ،‬إِﻻﱠ َﻋ َﲆ َز ْو ٍج َأ ْر َﺑ َﻌ َﺔ َأ ْﺷ ُﻬ ٍﺮ َو َﻋ ْ ًﴩا\")‪ (7‬إِ َﱃ آﺧﺮه)‪.(8‬‬ ‫=ﻗﺎل ُد َﺣﻴﻢ ‪َ :‬ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻋﻨﺪي ﳑﻦ ﻳﺘﻬﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺬب‪.‬‬ ‫َو َﻗﺎ َل َأ ُﺑﻮ َﺣﺎﺗِﻢ ‪\" :‬ﳏﻠﻪ اﻟ ﱢﺼ ْﺪق\"‪ ،‬و َﻗ ِﺮﻳ ًﺒﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ َﻗﺎ َل اﻟ ﱠﺬ َﻫﺒِ ﱡﻲ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﻗﺎل ‪َ \" :‬ﺻ ُﺪوق\"‪ ،‬وﺑﻤﺜﻞ ﻗـﻮل اﻟـ ﱠﺬ َﻫﺒِ ّﻲ َﻗـﺎ َل اﺑـ ُﻦ َﺣ َﺠـﺮ ِﰲ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺿﻊ‪َ ،‬و َزا َد ِﰲ ﻣﻮﺿﻊ آﺧﺮ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ ‪\" :‬وﺳﻂ\"‪.‬‬ ‫وﻗﺎل اﻟ ﱠﺪا َر ُﻗ ْﻄﻨِ ّﻲ ‪\" :‬ﻻ َﺑ ْﺄ َس ﺑِ ِﻪ\"‪َ ،‬و َﻗﺎ َل ﻣﺮة ‪َ \" :‬ﻟ ْﻴ َﺲ ﺑِ َﺬاك\"‪.‬‬ ‫و َﻗﺎ َل اﺑ ُﻦ َﺣ َﺠﺮ ‪\" :‬ﻟﻪ ِﰲ َﺻ ِﺤﻴ ِﺢ اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨﺎ ِر ّي َﺣ ِﺪﻳ ٌﺚ َوا ِﺣﺪ ِﰲ ﻏﺰوة اﻟﻔﺘﺢ‪َ ،‬ر َوا ُه ﻋﻦ ﺳﻠﻴ َﲈن ﺑﻦ َﻋ ْﺒﺪ اﻟ ﱠﺮ ْ َﲪﻦ ﻋﻨـﻪ‪ ،‬ﻋـﻦ ُ َﳏ ﱠﻤـﺪ ﺑـﻦ َأ ِﰊ‬ ‫ﺣﻔﺼﺔ‪ ،‬ﻋﻦ اﻟ ﱡﺰ ْﻫ ِﺮ ّي‪ ،‬وأﺻﻞ ا َْﳊ ِﺪﻳﺚ ﻋﻨﺪه ﻣﻦ ﻃﺮ ٍق أﺧﺮى ﻋﻦ اﻟ ﱡﺰ ْﻫ ِﺮ ّي\"‪َ ،‬و َﻗﺎ َل ِﰲ اﻟﻔﺘﺢ‪ِ (14 /8) ،‬ﰲ َ ْﴍﺣـﻪ َﳍـ َﺬا ا َْﳊـ ِﺪﻳﺚ ‪:‬‬ ‫\"و َﻣﺎ ﻟﻪ ِﰲ اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨﺎ ِر ّي ﺳﻮى َﻫ َﺬا ا َْﳊ ِﺪﻳﺚ‪ ،‬وآﺧﺮ ِﰲ اﳊﺞ ﻗﺮﻧﻪ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺑﻐﲑه\"‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ ‪ :‬ﻫﻮ َﺻ ُﺪوق‪.‬‬ ‫ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪ :‬ا َْﳉ ْﺮ َح َواﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﻌ ِﺪﻳﻞ‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ َأ ِﰊ ﺣﺎﺗﻢ‪ ،(290 /4) ،‬واﻟ ِﻌ َﻠ َﻞ‪ ،‬ﻟﻠ ﱠﺪا َر ُﻗ ْﻄﻨِ ّﻲ‪ ،(169 /5) ،‬وﻣﺸﺎﻫ َﲑ ﻋﻠ َﲈء اﻷﻣﺼﺎر‪ ،‬ﻻﺑـﻦ ِﺣ ﱠﺒـﺎن‪،‬‬ ‫)ص‪ ،(184‬و َ ْﲥ ِﺬﻳ َﺐ ا ْﻟ َﻜ َﲈل‪ ،‬ﻟﻠ ِﻤ ﱢﺰ ّي‪ ،(107/11) ،‬وا ْﻟ َﻜﺎ ِﺷ َﻒ‪ ،‬ﻟﻠ ﱠﺬ َﻫﺒِ ّﻲ‪ ،(446/1) ،‬و َ ْﲥـ ِﺬﻳ َﺐ اﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﻬـ ِﺬﻳﺐ‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑـ ِﻦ َﺣ َﺠـﺮ‪/3) ،‬‬ ‫‪.(384‬‬ ‫)‪َ (1‬ﺻ ِﺤﻴ ُﺢ اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨﺎ ِر ّي ‪َ (48) :‬ﺑﺎب َأ ْﻳ َﻦ َر َﻛ َﺰ اﻟ ﱠﻨﺒِ ّﻲ َﺻ ﱠﲆ اﷲُ َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴ ِﻪ َو َﺳ ﱠﻠ َﻢ اﻟ ﱠﺮا َﻳ َﺔ َﻳ ْﻮ َم ا ْﻟ َﻔ ْﺘ ِﺢ‪.(4282) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ (2‬ﻋﺒﺎرة \"واﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ِﰲ اﻟﻔﺮاﺋﺾ َﻋﻦ َأ ِﰊ ﻋﺎﺻﻢ‪َ ،‬ﻋﻦ اﺑﻦ ﺟﺮﻳﺢ‪َ ،‬ﻋﻦ اﺑﻦ ﺷﻬﺎب‪ ،‬وﲨﻊ ﺑﻴﻨﻬ َﲈ ِﰲ اﳌﻐﺎزي ِﻣ ْﻦ َﻃ ِﺮﻳ ِﻖ ﺳـﻠﻴ َﲈن ﺑـﻦ َﻋ ْﺒـﺪ‬ ‫اﻟ ﱠﺮ ْ َﲪﻦ‪َ ،‬ﻋﻦ ﺳﻌﺪان ﺑﻦ ﳛﻴﻰ‪َ ،‬ﻋﻦ ُ َﳏ ﱠﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ َأ ِﰊ ﺣﻔﺼﺔ‪َ ،‬ﻋﻦ اﺑﻦ ﺷﻬﺎب‪ ،‬واﻷﻣﺮ ِﰲ َذ ِﻟ َﻚ َﻗ ِﺮﻳﺐ\" ﺳﺎﻗﻄﺔ ﻣﻦ )ب(‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ِ (3‬ﰲ )ب( \"ﺣﺮز\"‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ِ (4‬ﰲ )ب( \"دور\" ﺧﻄﺄ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (5‬ذﻛﺮه َﲠ َﺬا اﻟ ﱠﻠ ْﻔﻆ ا َﳌﺎوردي‪.‬‬ ‫ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪ :‬اﳊﺎوي اﻟﻜﺒﲑ‪.(217/14) ،‬‬ ‫)‪َ (6‬ﻛﺎ َن ﻛﺄﻧﻪ ﻧﺴﻴﻬﺎ ِﰲ )ب( ُﺛ ﱠﻢ َﻛ َﺘ َﺒ َﻬﺎ ﻓﻮق ﻛﻠﻤﺔ \"ﻻ\" ِﰲ ا َْﳊ ِﺪﻳﺚ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪َ (7‬ﺻ ِﺤﻴ ُﺢ ُﻣ ْﺴﻠِﻢ ‪) :‬ص‪ِ (18) ،(603‬ﻛ َﺘﺎ ُب اﻟ ﱠﻄﻼق‪َ (8) ،‬ﺑﺎ ُب ُو ُﺟﻮ ِب ا ْ ِﻹ ْﺣ َﺪا ِد ِﰲ ِﻋ ﱠﺪ ِة ا ْﻟ َﻮ َﻓﺎة‪َ ،‬وﲢﺮﻳﻤـ ِﻪ ِﰲ َﻏـ ْﲑ َذ ِﻟـ َﻚ إِ ﱠﻻ َﺛ َﻼ َﺛـ َﺔ‬ ‫َأ ﱠﻳﺎ ٍم‪.(938 /66) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ (8‬ﻋﻤﺪ ُة اﻷﺣﻜﺎم‪) ،‬ص‪.(221‬‬ ‫‪273‬‬

‫َﻗﺎ َل َﺷ ْﻴ ُﺨﻨَﺎ اﻟ َﻮاﻟِ ُﺪ َر ِ َﴈ ا ُﷲ َﻋ ْﻨ ُﻪ ‪َ :‬ﻟ ْﻴ َﺲ ِﰲ َﺣ ِﺪﻳ ِﺚ ُأ ﱢم َﻋﻄِ ﱢﻴ ِﺔ ا ﱠﻟـ ِﺬي ﻓِﻴـﻪ أ ﱠن َر ُﺳـﻮ َل ا ِﷲ َﺻـ ﱠﲆ اﷲُ َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴـ ِﻪ‬ ‫َو َﺳ ﱠﻠ َﻢ ﻳ َﻌﻨﻲ ِﰲ اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨﺎ ِر ّي َذ َﻛ َﺮ أرﺑﻌﺔ أﺷﻬﺮ وﻋ ًﴩا)‪ (1‬اﻧﺘﻬﻰ‪.‬‬ ‫ُﻗ ْﻠ ُﺖ)‪ : (2‬ﻣ َﻌﻨﺎه أن أ ﱠم َﻋﻄِﻴﱠ ِﺔ َﳊ ِﺪﻳﺜِ َﻬﺎ ِﰲ اﻟﺒُ َﺨﺎ ِر ﱢي ﻟﻔﻈﺎن‪ ،‬أﺣﺪ َﳘﺎ ‪ُ \" :‬ﻛﻨﱠـﺎ ُﻧﻨْ َﻬـﻰ َأ ْن ُﻧ ِﺤـ ﱠﺪ َﻋـ َﲆ َﻣ ﱢﻴـ ٍﺖ َﻓـ ْﻮ َق‬ ‫َﺛ َﻼ ٍث إِ ﱠﻻ َﻋ َﲆ َز ْو ٍج َأ ْر َﺑ َﻌ َﺔ َأ ْﺷ ُﻬ ٍﺮ َو َﻋ ْ ًﴩا\")‪ ،(3‬واﻟﺜﺎﲏ ‪َ :‬ﻗﺎ َل اﻟﻨﱠﺒِ ﱡﻲ َﺻ ﱠﲆ اﷲُ َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴ ِﻪ َو َﺳ ﱠﻠ َﻢ ‪َ \" :‬ﻻ َ ِﳛ ﱡﻞ ِﻻ ْﻣـ َﺮ َأ ٍة ُﺗـ ْﺆ ِﻣ ُﻦ ﺑِـﺎ ِﷲ‬ ‫َواﻟْﻴَ ْﻮ ِم ا ْﻵ ِﺧ ِﺮ َأ ْن ُ ِﲢ ﱠﺪ َﻓ ْﻮ َق َﺛ َﻼ ٍث إِ ﱠﻻ َﻋ َﲆ َز ْو ٍج\")‪َ ،(4‬ﻟ ِﻜﻦ ُﻣ ْﺴ ِﻠﻢ ﻓِﻴﻪ َذ ِﻟ َﻚ‪ ،‬و ُﻫ َﻮ َﻋ َﲆ ﻟﻔﻆ َﺻـﺎ ِﺣﺐ اﻟ ُﻌ ْﻤـ َﺪة‪ ،‬ﻓـﺄﺧﺮج‬ ‫َﻋﻦ َﺣ َﺴ ِﻦ)‪ْ (5‬ﺑ ِﻦ اﻟ ﱠﺮﺑِﻴ ِﻊ‪َ ،‬ﻋﻦ ا ْﺑ ِﻦ إِ ْد ِرﻳ َﺲ)‪َ ،(6‬ﻋﻦ ِﻫ َﺸﺎ ٍم)‪َ ،(7‬ﻋﻦ َﺣ ْﻔ َﺼ َﺔ)‪َ ،(8‬ﻋﻦ ُأ ﱢم َﻋﻄِﻴﱠ َﺔ‪َ ،‬أ ﱠن َر ُﺳـﻮ َل ا ِﷲ َﺻـ ﱠﲆ اﷲُ َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴـ ِﻪ‬ ‫َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴ ِﻪ َو َﺳ ﱠﻠ َﻢ َﻗﺎ َل ‪\" :‬ﻻَ ُ ِﲢ ﱡﺪ ا ْﻣ َﺮ َأ ٌة َﻋ َﲆ َﻣ ﱢﻴ ٍﺖ َﻓ ْﻮ َق َﺛ َﻼ ٍث إِﻻﱠ َﻋ َﲆ َز ْو ٍج َأ ْر َﺑ َﻌ َﺔ َأ ْﺷ ُﻬ ٍﺮ َو َﻋ ْ ًﴩا\"‪ ،‬واﻷﻣﺮ ِﰲ َذ ِﻟ َﻚ َﻗ ِﺮﻳﺐ‪.‬‬ ‫َﻗﺎ َل َﺷ ْﻴ ُﺨﻨَﺎ ‪ :‬وﻗﻮﻟﻪ ‪َ \" :‬و َﻻ َﲤَ ﱠﺲ ِﻃﻴﺒًﺎ\" َﻟﻴْ َﺲ ِﰲ رواﻳ ِﺔ اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨﺎ ِر ﱢي اﳌُ ْﺴ َﻨ َﺪ ِة‪ ،‬وإﻧ َﲈ ﻫﻲ ِﰲ اﳌُ َﻌ ﱠﻠ َﻘـ ِﺔ اﻟﺘـﻲ ذﻛﺮﻫـﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ اﳌُ ْﺴﻨَ َﺪ ِة‪ ،‬ﺑﻘﻮﻟﻪ ‪َ :‬و َﻗﺎ َل اﻷَﻧ َﺼﺎ ِر ﱡي ‪ (9)... :‬اﻧﺘﻬﺖ‪ُ ،‬ﻗ ْﻠ ُﺖ ‪ :‬وﻗـﺪ ﲨـﻊ ﺑﻴـﻨﻬ َﲈ ُﻣ ْﺴـﻠِ ٌﻢ ِﰲ اﻟﺮواﻳـ ِﺔ اﻟ ﱠﺴـﺎﺑِ َﻘ ِﺔ‪ ،‬وﻫـﺬه‬ ‫ﻣﻀﺎﻳﻘﺔ ﺷﺪﻳﺪة ﻣﻦ َﺷ ْﻴﺨﻨﺎ َر ِ َﴈ اﷲُ َﻋﻨْ ُﻪ ﻟ َﺼﺎ ِﺣ ِﺐ اﻟ ُﻌ ْﻤ َﺪة‪.‬‬ ‫َو ِﻣ ْﻦ َذﻟِ َﻚ َﻣﺎ َﻛﺘَ َﺒ ُﻪ َﻋ َﲆ ﻗﻮ ِل اﻟ ﱠﺸﻴْ ِﺦ َﺗ ِﻘ ﱢﻲ اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳ ِﻦ ِﰲ َﺣ ِﺪﻳ ِﺚ ا ْﻷَ َﻣ ِﺔ \"إِ َذا َز َﻧ ْﺖ ‪ُ ...‬ﺛ ﱠﻢ ﺑِﻴ ُﻌﻮ َﻫﺎ َو َﻟـ ْﻮ ﺑِ َﻀـ ِﻔ ٍﲑ\")‪،(10‬‬ ‫َو َذ َﻛ َﺮ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﻢ َأ ﱠن َﻗ ْﻮﻟَﻪ ‪َ \" :‬ﻓ ْﻠﻴَﺒِ ْﻌ َﻬﺎ َوﻟَ ْﻮ ﺑِ َﻀ ِﻔ ٍﲑ\" دﻟﻴ ٌﻞ َﻋ َﲆ َأ ﱠن اﻟ ﱢﺰ َﻧﺎ َﻋﻴْ ٌﺐ ِﰲ اﻟﺮﻗﻴ ِﻖ ﻳﺮد ﺑﻪ؛ وﻟـ َﺬ ِﻟ َﻚ َﺣـ ﱠﻂ ِﰲ اﻟﻘﻴﻤـ ِﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫)‪ (1‬ﺳﺒﻖ ﲣﺮﻳﺞ ا َْﳊ ِﺪﻳﺚ‪ ،‬ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪) :‬ص ‪.(116‬‬ ‫)‪ (2‬أي َﻋ ْﺒﺪ اﻟ ﱠﺮ ْ َﲪﻦ ﺑﻦ اﻟ ُﺒ ْﻠ ِﻘﻴﻨِ ّﻲ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪َ (3‬ﺻ ِﺤﻴ ُﺢ اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨﺎ ِر ّي ‪ (68) ،(1123/2) :‬ﻛِ َﺘﺎ ُب اﻟ ﱠﻄ َﻼ ِق‪َ (48) ،‬ﺑﺎب اﻟ ُﻘ ْﺴ ِﻂ ِﻟ ْﻠ َﺤﺎ ﱠد ِة ِﻋ ْﻨ َﺪ اﻟ ﱡﻄ ْﻬ ِﺮ‪.(5341) ،‬‬ ‫)‪َ (4‬ﺻ ِﺤﻴ ُﺢ اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨﺎ ِر ّي ‪ِ (68) ،(1123/2) :‬ﻛ َﺘﺎ ُب اﻟ ﱠﻄ َﻼ ِق‪َ (49) ،‬ﺑﺎب َﺗ ْﻠ َﺒ ُﺲ ا َْﳊﺎ ﱠد ُة ﺛِ َﻴﺎ َب ا ْﻟ َﻌ ْﺼ ِﺐ‪.(5342) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ِ (5‬ﰲ )أ( \"ﺣﺴﲔ\" ﺧﻄﺄ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (6‬ﻫﻮ اﻟﺜﻘﺔ‪ ،‬ﻋﺒﺪ اﷲ ﺑﻦ إدرﻳﺲ ﺑﻦ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ اﻟﻜﻮﰲ‪ .‬ﺗﻮﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ‪192‬ﻫـ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺐ اﻟﺘﻬﺬﻳﺐ‪.(3207) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ (7‬ﻫﻮ اﻟﺜﻘﺔ‪ ،‬أﺑﻮ ﻋﺒﺪ اﷲ‪ ،‬ﻫﺸﺎم ﺑﻦ ﺣﺴﺎن اﻷزدي‪ ،‬اﻟﻘﺮدوﳼ‪ ،‬اﻟﺒﴫي‪ .‬ﺗﻮﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ‪ 147‬أو ‪ 148‬ﻫـ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺐ اﻟﺘﻬﺬﻳﺐ‪.(7289) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ (8‬ﻫﻲ ﺑﻨﺖ ﺳﲑﻳﻦ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪َ (9‬ﺻ ِﺤﻴ ُﺢ اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨﺎ ِر ّي ‪ِ (68) ،(1124/2) :‬ﻛ َﺘﺎ ُب اﻟﻄﻼق‪َ (49) ،‬ﺑﺎ ُب َﺗ ْﻠ َﺒ ُﺲ ا َْﳊﺎ ﱠد ُة ﺛِ َﻴﺎ َب ا ْﻟ َﻌ ْﺼ ِﺐ‪.(5343) ،‬‬ ‫)‪َ (10‬ﺻ ِﺤﻴ ُﺢ اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨﺎ ِر ّي ‪ (34) :‬ﻛِ َﺘﺎ ُب ا ْﻟ ُﺒ ُﻴﻮ ِع‪َ (66) ،‬ﺑﺎب َﺑ ْﻴـ ِﻊ ا ْﻟﻌﺒـﺪ اﻟـ ﱠﺰا ِﲏ‪َ ،‬و َﻗـﺎ َل ُ َﴍ ْﻳـ ٌﺢ إِ ْن َﺷـﺎ َء َر ﱠد ِﻣـ َﻦ اﻟ ﱢﺰ َﻧـﺎ‪،2153) ،‬‬ ‫‪ ،(2154‬وا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ا ْﻷَ ْر َﻗﺎم ‪َ ،( ،6837 ،2555 ،2232) :‬ﺻ ِﺤﻴ ُﺢ ُﻣ ْﺴﻠِﻢ ‪ِ (29) :‬ﻛ َﺘﺎب اﳊﺪود‪َ (6) ،‬ﺑﺎب َر ْﺟ ِﻢ ا ْﻟ َﻴ ُﻬـﻮ ِد َأ ْﻫـ ِﻞ‬ ‫اﻟ ﱢﺬ ﱠﻣﺔ ِﰲ اﻟ ﱢﺰ َﻧﺎ‪ ،(1704 ،1403/33 -30) ،‬ﻛﻼﳘﺎ ِﻣ ْﻦ َﻃ ِﺮﻳ ِﻖ ا ْﺑ ِﻦ ِﺷ َﻬﺎ ٍب‪َ ،‬ﻋﻦ ُﻋ َﺒ ْﻴ ِﺪ اﷲِ ْﺑ ِﻦ َﻋ ْﺒﺪ ا ِﷲ‪َ ،‬ﻋﻦ َأ ِﰊ ُﻫ َﺮ ْﻳـ َﺮ َة‪َ ،‬و َز ْﻳـ ِﺪ‬ ‫ْﺑ ِﻦ َﺧﺎ ِﻟ ٍﺪ َر ِ َﴈ ا ُﷲ َﻋﻨْ ُﻬ َﲈ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪274‬‬

‫وﻓِﻴ َﲈ َﻗﺎ َل ﻧﻈﺮ؛ ﳉﻮاز أن َﻳ ُﻜﻮن اﳌﻘﺼﻮد أن ﻳﺒﻴﻌﻬﺎ‪ ،‬وإن اﻧﺤﻄﺖ ﻗﻴﻤﺘﻬﺎ إِ َﱃ اﻟﻀ ِﻔﲑ ﻓ َﻴ ُﻜـﻮن إﺧﺒـﺎ ًرا ﻣﺘﻌﻠ ًﻘـﺎ ﺑﺤـﺎل‬ ‫وﺟﻮدي ﻻ إﺧﺒﺎ ًرا َﻋﻦ ﺣﻜﻢ ﴍﻋﻲ‪ ،‬وﻻ ﺷﻚ إن ُﻋ ِﺮ َف ﺑﺘﻜﺮ ِر ِز َﻧﺎ اﻷَ َﻣ ِﺔ اﻧﺤﻄﱠ ْﺖ ﻗﻴﻤ ُﺘ َﻬﺎ ِﻋﻨْﺪه)‪.(1‬‬ ‫َﻗﺎ َل َﺷ ْﻴ ُﺨﻨَﺎ ‪ :‬إذا َﻛﺎ َن َذﻟِ َﻚ إﺧﺒﺎ ًرا ﻣﺘﻌﻠ ًﻘﺎ ﺑﺤﺎ ِل وﺟﻮدي‪ ،‬و َﻛﺎ َن ﺳﺒ ُﺒ ُﻪ اﻟ ﱢﺰ َﻧﺎ َد ﱠل َﻋـ َﲆ َأ ﱠﻧـ ُﻪ َﻋ ْﻴـ ٌﺐ؛ ﻷَ ﱠﻧـ ُﻪ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺒ ُﺐ ا ﱠﻟ ِﺬي اﻗﺘﴣ أن ُﻳ ْﻨ ِﻘ َﺺ ﻗﻴﻤﺘﻬﺎ ِﻋﻨْ َﺪ اﻟ ﱠﻨﺎ ِس ُﻋ ْﺮ ًﻓﺎ‪ ،‬واﻟﻌﻴ ُﺐ ُﻫـ َﻮ َﻣـﺎ ﻳﻌـ ﱡﺪ ُه اﻟﻨﱠـﺎ ُس َﻋ ْﻴ ًﺒـﺎ‪ ،‬وا ُﳌ ْﻄ َﻠ َﻘـﺎ ُت ِﰲ‬ ‫اﻟﴩﻳﻌ ِﺔ ُﻳ َﻘ ﱢﻴ ُﺪ َﻫﺎ اﻟ ُﻌ ْﺮ ُف ﻛﺎ ِﳊ ْﺮ ِز ِﰲ اﻟ ﱠ ِﴪ َﻗ ِﺔ واﻟﺘﻔﺮق)‪ِ (2‬ﰲ اﻟﺒﻴ ِﻊ ‪/51‬ب ِﰲ اﳌﺒﻴﻊ‪ ،‬وﻗـﺪ ﺛﺒـ َﺖ اﻟـ ﱠﺮ ﱡد ﺑﺎﻟ َﻌ ْﻴـ ِﺐ‪ ،‬وﱂ‬ ‫ُﻳ ْﻀ َﺒ ْﻂ اﻟ َﻌ ْﻴ ُﺐ ِﰲ أﺛ ٍﺮ وﻻ َﺧ َ ٍﱪ‪ ،‬و َﻣﺎ َﻛﺎ َن ﻛ َﺬﻟِ َﻚ ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻳﺮﺟ ُﻊ ﻓِﻴﻪ إِ َﱃ اﻟﻌﺮف‪.‬‬ ‫َو ِﻣ ْﻦ َذﻟِ َﻚ اﻋﱰا ُﺿﻪ َﻋ َﲆ اﻟ ﱠﺸ ْﻴ ِﺦ َﺗ ِﻘ ﱢﻲ اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳ ِﻦ ِﰲ َﻗ ْﻮﻟِ ِﻪ ِﰲ َﺣـ ِﺪﻳ ِﺚ َﻋ ْﺒـ ِﺪ اﻟـ ﱠﺮ ْ َﲪ ِﻦ ْﺑـ ِﻦ َﺳـ ُﻤ َﺮ َة)‪\" : (3‬ﻇـﺎﻫﺮه‬ ‫ﻛﺮاﻫﺔ ﻳﻘﺘﴤ ﺳﺆال اﻹ َﻣﺎرة ﻣﻄﻠ ًﻘﺎ\")‪.(4‬‬ ‫َﻗﺎ َل َﺷ ْﻴ ُﺨﻨَﺎ ‪ :‬ﻻ ُﻧ َﺴ ﱢﻠ ُﻢ أ ﱠن ا ِﳋ َﻄﺎ َب ﻟ َﻌ ْﺒ ِﺪ اﻟ ﱠﺮ ْ َﲪ ِﻦ ﺑﻦ َﺳ ُﻤ َﺮة‪ ،‬و ِﺧ َﻄﺎ َب اﻟ ﱠﻨﺒِ ﱢﻲ َﺻ ﱠﲆ اﷲُ َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴ ِﻪ َو َﺳ ﱠﻠ َﻢ ﻟ َﻮا ِﺣﺪ‬ ‫َﻟ ْﻴ َﺲ ﺑﻌﺎم ِﻋ ْﻨﺪ أﻛﺜﺮ اﻷُ ُﺻﻮﻟﻴﲔ‪ ،‬وﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ُﻳ ْﺆ َﺧ َﺬ اﻟﺘﻌﻤﻴ ُﻢ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴ ِﻞ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈِ ﱠن اﻟ ﱠﻈﺎ ِﻫ َﺮ أن َﻫ َﺬا اﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴ َﻞ ﻻ ﳜـﺘ ﱡﺺ‬ ‫ﺑ َﻌ ْﺒﺪ اﻟ ﱠﺮ ْ َﲪﻦ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻤﺮة‪.‬‬ ‫َو ِﻣ ْﻦ َذﻟِ َﻚ أ ﱠن اﻟ ﱠﺸ ْﻴ َﺦ َﺗ ِﻘ ﱢﻲ اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳ ِﻦ َﻗﺎ َل ِﰲ َﺣ ِﺪﻳ ِﺚ أﰊ ﺑﻜﺮة وﻋﻘﻮق اﻟﻮاﻟ ﱢﺪﻳﻦ)‪\" : (5‬إن ﺿﺒﻂ اﻟﻮاﺟﺐ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ اﻟﻄﺎﻋﺔ ﳍ َﲈ‪ ،‬واﳌﺤﺮم ﻣﻦ اﻟﻌﻘﻮق ﳍ َﲈ ﻓِﻴﻪ ﻋﴪ‪ ،‬ورﺗﺐ اﻟﻌﻘﻮق ﳐﺘﻠﻔﺔ\"‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (1‬ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪ :‬إِ ْﺣ َﻜﺎ َم ا ْ َﻷ ْﺣ َﻜﺎم َ ْﴍح ُﻋ ْﻤ َﺪة اﻷَ ْﺣ َﻜﺎ ِم‪.(114/4) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ِ (2‬ﰲ )أ( \"اﻟﻔﺮق\" ﺧﻄﺄ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪َ (3‬ﺻ ِﺤﻴ ُﺢ اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨﺎ ِر ّي ‪ (93) :‬ﻛِ َﺘـﺎ ُب ا ْﻷَ ْﺣ َﻜـﺎ ِم‪َ (5) ،‬ﺑـﺎ ُب َﻣـ ْﻦ َﱂْ َﻳ ْﺴـ َﺄ ِل ا ْ ِﻹ َﻣـﺎ َر َة َأ َﻋﺎ َﻧـ ُﻪ اﷲُ َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴ َﻬـﺎ‪ ،(7146) ،‬وا ْﻧ ُﻈـ ْﺮ رﻗـﻢ ‪:‬‬ ‫)‪َ ،(7147‬ﺻ ِﺤﻴ ُﺢ ُﻣ ْﺴ ِﻠﻢ ‪ِ (27) :‬ﻛ َﺘﺎ ُب اﻷَ ْﻳ َﲈن‪َ (3) ،‬ﺑﺎ ُب َﻧ ْﺪ ِب َﻣ ْﻦ َﺣ َﻠ َﻒ َﻳ ِﻤﻴﻨًﺎ َﻓ َﺮ َأى َﻏ ْ َﲑ َﻫﺎ َﺧ ْ ًﲑا ِﻣﻨْ َﻬـﺎ َأ ْن َﻳـ ْﺄ ِ َﰐ ا ﱠﻟـ ِﺬى ُﻫـ َﻮ‬ ‫َﺧ ْ ٌﲑ َو ُﻳ َﻜ ﱢﻔ َﺮ َﻋﻦ َﻳ ِﻤﻴﻨِ ِﻪ‪ ،(1652/19) ،‬وا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ا ْﻷَ ْر َﻗﺎم ‪.(1652/13) :‬‬ ‫)‪ (4‬إِ ْﺣ َﻜﺎ ُم ا ْﻷَ ْﺣ َﻜﺎم َ ْﴍح ُﻋ ْﻤ َﺪة اﻷَ ْﺣ َﻜﺎ ِم‪.(141/4) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ (5‬اﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﻫﻮ ‪َ :‬ﻗﺎ َل اﻟﻨﱠﺒِ ﱡﻲ َﺻ ﱠﲆ اﷲُ َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴ ِﻪ َو َﺳ ﱠﻠ َﻢ ‪َ \" :‬أ َﻻ ُأ َﻧ ﱢﺒ ُﺌ ُﻜ ْﻢ ﺑِ َﺄ ْﻛ َ ِﱪ ا ْﻟ َﻜ َﺒﺎ ِﺋ ِﺮ َﺛ َﻼ ًﺛﺎ؟\" َﻗﺎ ُﻟﻮا ‪َ :‬ﺑ َﲆ َﻳﺎ َر ُﺳﻮ َل ا ِﷲ‪َ .‬ﻗـﺎ َل ‪\" :‬ا ْ ِﻹ ْ َﴍا ُك‬ ‫\"ا ْ ِﻹ ْ َﴍا ُك ﺑِﺎ ِﷲ‪َ ،‬و ُﻋ ُﻘﻮ ُق ا ْﻟ َﻮاﻟِ َﺪ ْﻳ ِﻦ‪َ ،‬و َﺟ َﻠ َﺲ َو َﻛﺎ َن ُﻣ ﱠﺘ ِﻜ ًﺌﺎ‪َ ،‬ﻓ َﻘﺎ َل ‪َ \" :‬أ َﻻ َو َﻗ ْﻮ ُل اﻟ ﱡﺰو ِر\"‪َ ،‬ﻗﺎ َل ‪َ :‬ﻓ َﲈ َزا َل ُﻳ َﻜ ﱢﺮ ُر َﻫـﺎ َﺣ ﱠﺘـﻰ ُﻗ ْﻠ َﻨـﺎ ‪َ :‬ﻟ ْﻴ َﺘـ ُﻪ‬ ‫َﺳ َﻜ َﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺻﺤﻴﺢ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري ‪ِ (52) ،(543/1) :‬ﻛ َﺘﺎ ُب اﻟ ﱠﺸ َﻬﺎ َدا ِت‪َ (10) ،‬ﺑﺎ ُب َﻣﺎ ِﻗﻴـ َﻞ ِﰲ َﺷـ َﻬﺎ َد ِة اﻟـ ﱡﺰو ِر‪ ،(2654) ،‬ﺻـﺤﻴﺢ ﻣﺴـﻠﻢ‪:‬‬ ‫)ص‪ (1) ،(63‬ﻛِ َﺘﺎ ُب ا ِﻹﻳ َﲈن‪ (30) ،‬ﺑﺎب َﺑ َﻴﺎ ِن ا ْﻟ َﻜ َﺒﺎﺋِ ِﺮ َو َأ ْﻛ َ ِﱪ َﻫﺎ‪.(87/143) ،‬‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ا ُْﳉ َﺮ ْﻳ ِﺮ ﱢي َﻋ ْﻦ َﻋ ْﺒ ِﺪ اﻟ ﱠﺮ ْ َﲪ ِﻦ ْﺑ ِﻦ َأ ِﰊ َﺑ ْﻜ َﺮ َة َﻋ ْﻦ َأﺑِﻴ ِﻪ َر ِ َﴈ اﷲُ َﻋ ْﻨ ُﻪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪275‬‬

‫َﻗﺎ َل َﺷ ْﻴ ُﺨﻨَﺎ اﻹ َﻣﺎ ُم أﺑﻮ ُ َﳏ ﱠﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ َﻋ ْﺒﺪ اﻟ ﱠﺴ َﻼ ِم)‪ : (1‬وﱂ أﻗ ْﻒ ِﰲ ﻋﻘﻮ ِق اﻟﻮاﻟ ﱢﺪﻳﻦ‪ ،‬وﻻ ﻓِﻴ َﲈ ﳜﺘﺼﺎن ﺑـﻪ ﻣـﻦ‬ ‫اﳊﻘﻮق َﻋ َﲆ ﺿﺎﺑ ٍﻂ أﻋﺘﻤ ُﺪه‪ ،‬إِ َﱃ آﺧﺮ َﻣﺎ َﺣ َﻜﺎ ُه اﻟ ﱠﺸ ْﻴ ُﺦ ﻣﻦ ﻛﻼﻣﻪ)‪.(2‬‬ ‫َﻗﺎ َل َﺷ ْﻴ ُﺨ َﻨﺎ اﻟ َﻮاﻟِ ُﺪ َر ِ َﴈ ا ُﷲ َﻋ ْﻨ ُﻪ ‪ :‬ﻳﻀﺒﻂ َذﻟِ َﻚ ﺑﻮﺟﻮه‪ ،‬أﺣﺪ َﳘﺎ ‪ :‬أن ﻳ َﻘﺎ َل َﻣﺎ ُﻋ ﱠﺪ ِﰲ اﻟﻌﺮ ِف ُﻋ ُﻘﻮ ًﻗﺎ ﻓ ُﻬ َﻮ‬ ‫ﻋﻘﻮق‪ ،‬واﻟﺜﺎﲏ ‪ :‬أن ﻳ َﻘﺎ َل ﻛﻠ َﲈ ﺗﺆدﳞ َﲈ ﳑﱠﺎ ﻳﺘﺄدى ﺑﻪ ﻋﺎدة‪ ،‬وﺗﻌﺪى ﺑﻪ اﻟﻮﻟـﺪ)‪ (3‬ﻓ ُﻬـ َﻮ ﻋﻘـﻮق‪ ،‬وأﺧﺮﺟﻨـﺎ ﺑﻘﻮﻟﻨـﺎ ‪:‬‬ ‫وﺗﻌﺪى ﺑﻪ اﻟﻮﻟ ُﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻃﻠﺒﻪ ﺣﺒﺴﻬ َﲈ ِﰲ دﻳﻦ ﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈ ﱠن َﻣ ْﻦ ﳚﻴ َﺒﻪ إﻟﻴﻪ ﻻ ﻳﻌﺪه ﺑﻪ ﻋﺎﻗﺎ ﻟﻌﺪم ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻪ‪ ،‬وﺣﻴﺚ ﻣﻨﻌﺎ اﻟﻮﻟﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻔﺮ ﻟﻠﺠﻬﺎد وﻧﺤﻮه‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﳑﱠﺎ ﻳﺘﻌﺪى ﺑﻪ‪ ،‬اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ‪ :‬أن ﻳ َﻘﺎ َل ﻛﻠ َﲈ ﻳﻠﺤﻘﻬ َﲈ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺸﻘﺔ ﻇﺎﻫﺮة ﳑﱠﺎ ﻳﺼﺪر ﻣـﻦ اﻟﻮﻟـﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺧﺘﻴﺎره ﺑﺤﻴﺚ ﻻ ﳛﺘﻤﻞ ﻣﺜﻠﻬﺎ اﻟﻮاﻟﺪان ﳑﱠﺎ َﻟ ْﻴ َﺲ ﺣﻘﺎ ﻟﻪ ﻓﺈﻧﻪ َﻳ ُﻜﻮن ﻋﻘﻮ ًﻗـﺎ‪ ،‬وﻗـﻮل اﻟ ﱠﺸـ ْﻴﺦ اﻹ َﻣـﺎم اﺑـﻦ َﻋ ْﺒـﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻼم ‪ :‬وﻻ ﻓِﻴ َﲈ ﳜﺘﺼﺎن ﺑﻪ ﻣﻦ اﳊﻘﻮق إِ َﱃ آﺧﺮه)‪َ ،(4‬ﻏ ْﲑ ُﻣ َﺴ ﱠﻠﻢ‪ ،‬إ ّﻣﺎ ﳜﺘﺼـﺎن ﺑـﻪ ﻣـﻦ اﳊﻘـﻮق ﻓﻀـﺎﺑﻄﻪ أﳖـ َﲈ‬ ‫ﳜﺘﺼﺎن ﺑﺤﻖ إ َﺟ َﻼﳍ َﲈ اﻹ َﺟ َﻼل اﻟﻼﺋﻖ ﲠ َﲈ‪ ،‬وﺧﻔﺾ ﺟﻨﺎح اﻟ ﱡﺬ ﱢل ﳍ َﲈ ِﻣ َﻦ اﻟ ﱠﺮ ْ َﲪ ِﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫وﻗﻮﻟﻪ ‪ :‬ﻓﺈﻧ َﲈ ﳛﺮ ُم ِﰲ َﺣ ﱢﻖ اﻷﺟﺎﻧ ِﺐ ﻓ ُﻬ َﻮ ﺣﺮا ٌم ِﰲ ﺣﻘﻬ َﲈ)‪ُ (5‬ﻣ َﺴ ﱠﻠﻢ‪ ،‬وﻟﻜﻦ َﻳ ُﻜﻮن ِﰲ ﺣ ﱢﻘ ِﻬـ َﲈ ﻛﺒـﲑ ٌة ﺑ ِﺨـ َﻼف‬ ‫اﻷﺟﺎﻧﺐ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻗﺪ ﻻ َﻳ ُﻜﻮن ﻛ َﺬﻟِ َﻚ‪ ،‬وﱂ ﻳﻘ ْﻞ اﻟ ﱠﺸ ْﻴ ُﺦ ﻓﺈ ﱠن ا ﱠﻟ ِﺬي ﳛﺮ ُم ِﰲ ﺣ ﱢﻘ ِﻬ َﲈ ﳛﺮ ُم ِﰲ ﺣ ﱢﻖ اﻷﺟﺎﻧـﺐ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻧـﻪ ﳛـﺮ ُم ِﰲ‬ ‫ﺣﻘ ِﻬ َﲈ ُأف‪ ،‬وﻻ ﳛﺮم َذ ِﻟ َﻚ ِﰲ اﻷﺟﺎﻧﺐ‪.‬‬ ‫وﻗﻮﻟﻪ‪ :‬و َﻣﺎ ﳚ ُﺐ ﻟﻸﺟﺎﻧﺐ ﻓ ُﻬ َﻮ واﺟ ٌﺐ ﳍ َﲈ‪َ ،‬ﻫ َﺬا إن ﺳﻠﻢ ﻻ ﳛﺼﻞ ﻣﻘﺼﻮده‪ ،‬وإﻧ َﲈ ﳛﺼﻞ)‪ (6‬ﻣﻘﺼـﻮده أن‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮل‪:‬و َﻣﺎﳚﺐﳍ َﲈﳚ ُﺐﻟﻸﺟﺎﻧﺐ‪،‬و َﻫ َﺬااﻟﻜﻼمﳑﻨﻮ ٌعﻓﺈﻧﻪﳚﺐﳍ َﲈﻣﻦاﻟﻨﻔﻘﺎت وﻏﲑ َﳘﺎ‪َ ،‬ﻣﺎ ﱂ ﳚﺐ ﻟﻸﺟﺎﻧﺐ‪.‬‬ ‫وﻗﻮ ُل)‪ (7‬اﻟ ﱠﺸ ْﻴ ِﺦ ‪ :‬وﻻ ﳚﺐ َﻋ َﲆ اﻟﻮﻟ ِﺪ ﻃﺎﻋﺘﻬ َﲈ ِﰲ ﻛﻞ َﻣﺎ ﻳﺄﻣﺮان ﺑﻪ ُﻣ َﺴ ﱠﻠﻢ‪َ ،‬ﻟ ِﻜﻦ ﻓِﻴ َﲈ ﻳﺘﻌﻠ ُﻖ ‪/52‬أ ﺑﺤﻘﻮﻗﻬ َﲈ‬ ‫ﺑﺤﻘﻮﻗﻬ َﲈ ﳚﺐ َﻋ َﲆ اﻟﻮﻟ ِﺪ ﻃﺎﻋﺘﻬ َﲈ)‪ ،(8‬ﻓﺈذا أﻣﺮاه ﺑﺎﻹﻗﺎﻣﺔ ﻣﻊ إﺳﻼ ِﻣ ِﻬ َﲈ َﻋﻦ ﺳـﻔﺮ اﳉﻬـﺎد‪ ،‬وﺟـﺐ ﻋﻠﻴـﻪ َذ ِﻟـ َﻚ‪ ،‬وإذا‬ ‫ﳖﻴﺎه َﻋﻨﻪ ﺣﺮم ﻋﻠﻴﻪ َذ ِﻟ َﻚ‪ ،‬وإذا ﺧﺎﻟﻒ ِﰲ َذ ِﻟ َﻚ أﻣﺮ َﳘﺎ وﳖﻴﻬ َﲈ َﻛﺎ َن ﻋﺎﻗﺎ‪ ،‬وﻗﻮﻟﻪ ‪ :‬وﻗـﺪ ﺳـﺎوى اﻟﻮاﻟـﺪان اﻟﺮﻗﻴـﻖ ِﰲ‬ ‫)‪ُ (1‬ﻫ َﻮ اﻹ َﻣﺎم ا َﳌ ْﺸ ُﻬﻮر ﻋﺰ اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳﻦ َﻋ ْﺒﺪ اﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﺑﻦ َﻋ ْﺒﺪ اﻟﺴﻼم‪ ،‬اﳌﻠﻘﺐ ﺑﺴﻠﻄﺎن اﻟ ُﻌ َﻠ َﲈء‪ ،‬ا ُﳌ َﺘ َﻮ ﱠﰱ َﺳﻨَﺔ ‪660‬ﻫـ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (2‬ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪ :‬إِ ْﺣ َﻜﺎ َم ا ْ َﻷ ْﺣ َﻜﺎم َ ْﴍح ُﻋ ْﻤ َﺪة ا َﻷ ْﺣ َﻜﺎ ِم‪ ،(172/4) ،‬وا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ﻛﻼم اﻟﻌﺰ ﺑﻦ َﻋ ْﺒﺪ اﻟﺴـﻼم ِﰲ ﻛِ َﺘﺎﺑِـ ِﻪ ﻗﻮاﻋـﺪ ا ْﻷَ ْﺣ َﻜـﺎم ِﰲ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ اﻷﻧﺎم‪.(20/1) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ِ (3‬ﰲ )أ( \"اﻟﻮاﻟﺪ\" ﺧﻄﺄ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (4‬ﻛﺘﺒﺖ ﻫﺎء ﻛﻠﻤﺔ \"آﺧﺮه\" َﻋ َﲆ َﻳ َﺴﺎ ِر اﻟ ﱠﺼ ْﻔ َﺤ ِﺔ ِﰲ ا َﳊﺎ ِﺷ َﻴ ِﺔ‪ ،‬و َذﻟِ َﻚ ﻣﺮاﻋﺎة ﻟﻠﺘﻨﺴﻴﻖ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (5‬ﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ ِﰲ )ب( ِز َﻳﺎ َدة \"ﻓﺈﻧﻪ\"‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ِ (6‬ﰲ )ب( \"ﺟﻌﻞ\"‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (7‬ﻛﺘﺒﺖ ﻻم ﻛﻠﻤﺔ \"ﻗﻮل\" َﻋ َﲆ َﻳ َﺴﺎ ِر اﻟ ﱠﺼ ْﻔ َﺤ ِﺔ ِﰲ ا َﳊﺎ ِﺷ َﻴ ِﺔ‪ ،‬و َذﻟِ َﻚ ﻣﺮاﻋﺎة ﻟﻠﺘﻨﺴﻴﻖ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (8‬ﻋﺒﺎرة \" ِﰲ ﻛﻞ َﻣﺎ ﻳﺄﻣﺮان ﺑﻪ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ‪َ ،‬ﻟﻜِﻦ ﻓِﻴ َﲈ ﻳﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﺤﻘﻮﻗﻬ َﲈ ﳚﺐ َﻋ َﲆ اﻟ ُﻮ ِﻟ َﺪ ﻃﺎﻋﺘﻬ َﲈ\" ﺳﺎﻗﻄﺔ ﻣﻦ )ب(‪.‬‬ ‫‪276‬‬

‫اﻟﻨﻔﻘ ِﺔ واﻟﻜﺴﻮ ِة واﻟ ﱡﺴﻜﻨﻰ ﻛﻼ ٌم َﻋ ِﺠﻴ ٌﺐ؛ ﻷ ﱠن َذ ِﻟ َﻚ واﺟﺐ ﳍ َﲈ إﻛﺮا ًﻣﺎ وإ َﺟ َﻼ ًﻻ‪ ،‬وواﺟـ ٌﺐ ﻟﻠﺮﻗﻴـﻖ ﻟﻠﻤﻠـﻚ اﻟﻘـﺎﺋﻢ‬ ‫اﳌﻘﺘﴤ ﻟﻼﺳﺘﺨﺪام وﻋﺪم اﻻﺳﺘﻘﻼل ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺴﺐ‪ ،‬ﻓﻜﻴﻒ ﻳـﺬﻛ ُﺮ َﻫـ َﺬا ﻣـﻊ َﻫـ َﺬا؟ وﻟـﻮ ﺳـﻤﻊ اﻟﻮاﻟـﺪان ﺑﻤﺜـﻞ َﻫـ َﺬا‬ ‫ﻷَﻧﻜﺮاه‪ ،‬و َﻣﺎ َﻛﺎ َن ﻳﺮﴇ اﻟ ﱠﺸ ْﻴ ُﺦ اﻹ َﻣﺎ ُم ﻣﻦ أوﻻ ِده أن َﻳ ْﺬ ُﻛ ُﺮوا ﻟﻪ َذﻟِ َﻚ‪َ ،‬و ِذ ْﻛ ُﺮ َذ ِﻟ َﻚ ﻟﻠﻮاﻟﺪ ﻋﻘﻮق‪.‬‬ ‫وأﻓﺎ َد َﻋ َﲆ َﺣﺎ ِﺷ َﻴ ِﺔ اﻟ ﱠ ْﴩ ِح َﳌﺎ َﺗ َﻌ ﱠﺮ َض اﻟ ﱠﺸ ْﻴ ُﺦ َﺗ ِﻘ ﱡﻲ اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳﻦ ﻟﻠ َﺤ ِﺪﻳﺚ ا ﱠﻟ ِﺬي ِﰲ َﺻ ِﺤﻴ ِﺢ ُﻣ ْﺴﻠِ ٍﻢ ﻣـﻦ َﺣـ ِﺪﻳ ِﺚ‬ ‫َﻋ ْﺒﺪ اﷲِ ْﺑ ِﻦ َﻋ ْﻤ ِﺮو ْﺑ ِﻦ اﻟ َﻌﺎ ِص‪َ ،‬ﻋﻦ اﻟﻨﱠﺒِ ّﻲ َﺻ ﱠﲆ اﷲُ َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴ ِﻪ َو َﺳ ﱠﻠ َﻢ ‪َ \" :‬ﻣﺎ ِﻣ ْﻦ َﻏﺎ ِز َﻳ ٍﺔ َأ ْو َ ِﴎ ﱠﻳ ٍﺔ َﺗ ْﻐ ُﺰو َﻓ َﺘ ْﻐ َﻨ ُﻢ َو َﺗ ْﺴـ َﻠ ُﻢ إِﻻﱠ‬ ‫َﻛﺎ ُﻧﻮا َﻗ ْﺪ َﺗ َﻌ ﱠﺠ ُﻠﻮا ُﺛ ُﻠ َﺜ ْﻲ َأ ْﺟ ِﺮ ِﻫ ْﻢ\")‪.(1‬‬ ‫َﻗﺎ َل َﺷ ْﻴ ُﺨﻨَﺎ اﻟ َﻮاﻟِ ُﺪ َر ِ َﴈ ا ُﷲ َﻋ ْﻨ ُﻪ ‪َ :‬ﺗ َﻌ ﱡﺠﻞ ُﺛﻠﺜﻲ اﻷﺟﺮ‪ ،‬ﱂ أ َر ﻣﻦ ﺗﻌﺮ َض ﳊﻜ َﻤ ِﺔ َﻛ ْﻮ ِن اﳌُ َﻌ ﱠﺠـﻞ اﻟﺜﻠﺜـﲔ‪،‬‬ ‫وﻇﻬ َﺮ ﱄ واﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ أن اﳉﻬﺎ َد ﳐﺎﻃﺮ ٌة ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻔ ِﺲ وا َﳌﺎل‪ ،‬وﳎﺎﻫﺪ ٌة ﺑﺎﻷﻓﻌﺎل‪ ،‬ﻓﺈذا رﺟﻌﺖ اﻟﴪﻳ ُﺔ ﺳﺎﳌ ٌﺔ ﻏﺎﻧﻤ ٌﺔ ﻓﻘﺪ‬ ‫ﺣﺼ َﻞ ﳍﺎ ﺛﻠﺜﻲ أﺟﺮﻫﺎ‪َ ،‬ﻋ َﲆ ﻣ َﻌﻨﻰ أن اﻟ ﱠﻨ ْﻔﺲ ﺳﺎﳌ ٌﺔ)‪ (2‬ﱂ ﺗﺘﻠ ْﻒ‪ ،‬وأن اﳌَﺎ َل َﺣﺼﻞ وﻟﻜ ﱠﻦ اﳉﻬﺎ َد اﻟﻮاﻗـﻊ ﺑﺎﻷَ ْﻓ َﻌـﺎل‬ ‫ﻗﺪ ﺗﺄﺧﺮ أﺟﺮه‪ ،‬و ُﻫ َﻮ اﻟﺜﻠﺚ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ إِ َﱃ اﻷﻣﺮﻳﻦ اﻵﺧﺮﻳﻦ‪ ،‬وأ ﱠﻣﺎ ﻣﻦ َﻣﺎ َت وﱂ ﻳﻐﻨ ْﻢ)‪ ،(3‬ﻓﺈﻧﻪ َﻳ ُﻜﻮن ﻟﻪ ﻣـﻦ اﻷﺟـﺮ‬ ‫ِز َﻳﺎ َدة َﻋ َﲆ ا ﱠﻟ ِﺬي ﺳﻠﻢ‪ ،‬وﻏﻨﻢ ﻣﺮﺗﲔ‪ ،‬وﻛﻞ ﻣﻨﻬ َﲈ ﻟﻪ أﺟ ٌﺮ اﻷﻓﻌﺎل‪ ،‬وأ ﱠﻣﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺳﻠﻢ وﱂ ﻳﻐﻨﻢ ﻓﺈن ﻟﻪ أﺟـ َﺮ اﻷﻓﻌـﺎل‪،‬‬ ‫وأﺟ ُﺮ ﻓﻮا ِت اﳌَﺎل‪ ،‬وأ ﱠﻣﺎ اﻟﻨﻔﺲ َﻓﺈِ ﱠﳖَﺎ ﺳﺎﳌﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺪ ﺗﻌﺠ َﻞ ﺛﻠﺚ اﻷﺟﺮ ﺑِ َﺪﻟِﻴ ِﻞ أن ا ﱠﻟ ِﺬي ﺳـﻠﻢ وﻏـﻨﻢ ﺗﻌﺠـﻞ ﺛﻠﺜـﻲ‬ ‫اﻷﺟﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪َ (1‬ﺻ ِﺤﻴ ُﺢ ُﻣ ْﺴﻠِﻢ ‪ (33) :‬ﻛِ َﺘﺎ ُب ا ِﻹ َﻣﺎ َرة‪َ (44) ،‬ﺑﺎ ُب َﺑ َﻴﺎ ِن َﻗ ْﺪ ِر َﺛ َﻮا ِب َﻣ ْﻦ َﻏ َﺰا َﻓ َﻐﻨِ َﻢ َو َﻣ ْﻦ َﱂْ َﻳ ْﻐﻨَ ْﻢ‪.(1906/154 ،153) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ (2‬ﻛﻠﻤﺔ \"ﺳﺎﳌﺔ\" ﻣﻦ )ب(‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ِ (3‬ﰲ )ب( \"ﻳﻌﻠﻢ\" ﺧﻄﺄ‪ُ ،‬ﺛ ﱠﻢ ﻛﺘﺐ َﻋ َﲆ َﻳ َﺴﺎ ِر اﻟ ﱠﺼ ْﻔ َﺤ ِﺔ ِﰲ ا َﳊﺎ ِﺷ َﻴ ِﺔ \"ﺻﻮاب ﻏﻨﻢ\"‪.‬‬ ‫‪277‬‬

‫ﻓﺼﻞ ِﰲ َذ َﻛﺮ َﺗ َﻌ ﱡﻘ َﺒﺎت َو َﻗ َﻌ ْﺖ َﻟ ُﻪ َﻋ َﲆ َأ ْﻃ َﺮا ِف اﳌِ ﱢﺰ ّي‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َذﻟِ َﻚ َأ ﱠﻧ ُﻪ َﻗﺎ َل ِﰲ َﺗ ْﺮ َ َﲨ ِﺔ آ ِﰊ اﻟ ﱠﻠ ْﺤ ِﻢ اﻟ ِﻐ َﻔﺎ ِر ﱢي)‪ِ (1‬ﰲ َﺣ ِﺪﻳﺚ َأ ﱠﻧ ُﻪ َر َأى َر ُﺳﻮ َل اﷲِ َﺻـ ﱠﲆ ا ُﷲ َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴـ ِﻪ َو َﺳـ ﱠﻠ َﻢ‬ ‫ِﻋ ْﻨﺪ َأ ْﺣ َﺠﺎ ِر اﻟ ﱠﺰ ْﻳ ِﺖ َﻳ ْﺴ َﺘ ْﺴ ِﻘﻲ‪َ ،‬ر َوا ُه َﻣﺎﻟِﻚ وﻏﲑه‪َ ،‬ﻋﻦ َﻳ ِﺰﻳﺪ ْﺑ ِﻦ َﻋ ْﺒﺪ اﷲِ ْﺑـ ِﻦ)‪(2‬ا َْﳍـﺎ ِد)‪َ ،(3‬ﻋـﻦ ُ َﳏ ﱠﻤـ ِﺪ ْﺑـ ِﻦ إِ ْﺑـ َﺮا ِﻫﻴ َﻢ‬ ‫اﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﻴ ِﻤ ﱢﻰ)‪َ ،(4‬ﻋﻦ ﻋﻤﲑ ﻣﻮﱃ آﰊ اﻟﻠﺤﻢ َﻋﻦ اﻟﻨﱠﺒِ ّﻲ َﺻ ﱠﲆ ا ُﷲ َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴ ِﻪ َو َﺳ ﱠﻠ َﻢ‪ ،‬وﱂ ﻳﻘ ْﻞ َﻋﻦ آﰊ اﻟﻠﺤﻢ وﻛﻼ َﳘﺎ ﻟﻪ ﺻﺤﺒﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫وأﻋﻠ َﻢ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻷﰊ داوود)‪.(5‬‬ ‫)‪ (1‬اﺳﻤﻪ ﻋﺒﺪ اﷲ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ اﳌﻠﻚ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ اﷲ ﺑﻦ ﻏﻔﺎر‪ ،‬وإﻧﲈ ﺳﻤﻲ آﰊ اﻟﻠﺤﻢ ﻷﻧﻪ ﻛﺎن ﻳﺄﰊ أن ﻳﺄﻛﻞ اﻟﻠﺤﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬اﻹﺻﺎﺑﺔ ﰲ ﲤﻴﻴﺰ اﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ‪.(15/1) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ (2‬ﻛﻠﻤﺔ \"ﺑﻦ\" ﺳﺎﻗﻄﺔ ﻣﻦ )أ(‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (3‬ﱂ ﻳﻨﺰﻟﻪ أﺣﺪ َﻋﻦ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﺔ اﻟ ﱢﺜ َﻘﺔ إﻻ َﻣﺎ َﻛﺎ َن ﻣﻦ ﻗﻮل َأ ْ َﲪﺪ ﺑﻦ َﺣﻨْ َﺒﻞ ﺣﲔ ُﺳ ِﺌﻞ َﻋﻨﻪ ‪ :‬ﻻ َأ ْﻋ َﻠﻢ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺄ ًﺳﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ ‪ :‬ﻫﻮ ﺛﻘﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪ :‬ا َْﳉ ْﺮ َح َواﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﻌ ِﺪﻳﻞ‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ َأ ِﰊ ﺣﺎﺗﻢ‪َ ،(275 /9) ،‬و َﺗ َﻘ ِﺮﻳ َﺐ اﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﻬ ِﺬﻳﺐ‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ َﺣ َﺠﺮ‪.(7737) ،‬‬ ‫)‪َ (4‬أ ُﺑﻮ َﻋ ْﺒﺪ اﷲِ اﳌﺪﲏ‪ ،‬ا ْﺧ َﺘ َﻠ َﻒ ِﰲ َﺳﻨَﺔ وﻓﺎﺗﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﻴﻞ ‪َ :‬ﺳﻨَﺔ ‪119‬ﻫـ‪ ،‬وﻗﻴﻞ ‪َ :‬ﺳﻨَﺔ ‪120‬ﻫـ‪ ،‬وﻗﻴﻞ ‪121 :‬ﻫـ‪.‬‬ ‫َو ﱠﺛ َﻘﻪ اﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﺪ‪َ ،‬و َزا َد ‪َ :‬ﻛﺜِﲑ ا َْﳊ ِﺪﻳﺚ‪ ،‬وﻛﺬا ا ْﺑﻦ َﻣ ِﻌﲔ‪ ،‬و َﻋِ ّﲇ ﺑﻦ اﳌَ ِﺪﻳﻨِ ّﻲ ﺑﴩط رواﻳﺘﻪ َﻋﻦ ﺛِ َﻘﺔ‪ ،‬وأﺿﺎف ‪ :‬ﺣﺴﻦ ا َْﳊـ ِﺪﻳﺚ ُﻣ ْﺴـ َﺘ ِﻘﻴﻢ‬ ‫اﻟﺮواﻳﺔ‪ ،‬رأﻳﺖ َﻋ َﲆ َﺣ ِﺪﻳﺜﻪ اﻟﻨﱡﻮر‪ ،‬وﻛﺬا َو ﱠﺛ َﻘﻪ اﻟ ِﻌ ْﺠِ ّﲇ‪ ،‬وﻳﻌﻘﻮب ﺑﻦ ﺷﻴﺒﺔ‪ ،‬و َأ ُﺑﻮ َﺣﺎﺗِﻢ اﻟ ﱠﺮا ِز ّي‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ ِﺧ َﺮاش‪ ،‬واﻟﻨﱠ َﺴﺎ ِﺋ ّﻲ – وﻋﺰا ﺑﺸﺎر‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺮوف ﻗﻮﻟﻪ إِ َﱃ رﺟﺎل اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨﺎ ِر ّي ﻟﻠﻜﻼﺑﺎذي‪ ،‬و ُﻫﻮ َﻟ ْﻴ َﺲ ﻓِﻴﻪ‪ -‬واﻟﻨﱠ َﻮ ِو ّي‪ ،‬وﺑﲔ أن َذﻟِ َﻚ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﻔﺎق‪ ،‬واﻟـ ﱠﺬ َﻫﺒِ ّﻲ‪َ ،‬و َﻗـﺎ َل َﻣـ ﱠﺮة ‪ :‬وﺛﻘـﻮه‪،‬‬ ‫وﻣﺮ ًة أﺿﺎف ‪ :‬ﻧﺒﻴﻞ‪َ ،‬ﺣ ِﺪﻳﺜﻪ ِﰲ ﻛﺘﺐ ا ِﻹ ْﺳ َﻼم‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ َﺣ َﺠﺮ‪َ ،‬و َزا َد ‪ :‬ﻟﻪ أﻓﺮاد‪َ ،‬و َذ َﻛ َﺮه اﺑﻦ ِﺣ ﱠﺒﺎن ِﰲ اﻟ ﱢﺜ َﻘﺎت‪.(381/5) ،‬‬ ‫َﻗﺎ َل َأ ْ َﲪ ُﺪ ﺑﻦ َﺣﻨْ َﺒﻞ ‪ِ :‬ﰲ َﺣ ِﺪﻳﺜﻪ ﳾء ﻳﺮوي َأ َﺣﺎ ِدﻳﺚ ﻣﻨﺎﻛﲑ‪َ ،‬أ ْو ﻣﻨﻜﺮة‪ ،‬واﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻘﺐ اﺑﻦ َﻋ ِﺪي ﺑﻘﻮﻟﻪ ‪ :‬و ُ َﳏ ﱠﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ إﺑﺮاﻫﻴﻢ اﻟﺘﻴﻤﻲ إن َﻛﺎ َن ﺑﻦ َﺣ ْﻨ َﺒﻞ َأ َرا َد ﺑﻪ ُ َﳏ ﱠﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ إﺑﺮاﻫﻴﻢ ﺑﻦ اﳊﺎرث اﻟﺘﻴﻤﻲ ﻣﺪﻳﻨﻲ ﳛﺪث َﻋﻦ‬ ‫َأ ِﰊ ﺳﻠﻤﺔ ﻓ ُﻬ َﻮ ِﻋﻨْﺪي ﻻ َﺑ ْﺄ َس ﺑِ ِﻪ‪ ،‬وﻻ َأ ْﻋ َﻠﻢ ﻟﻪ ﺷﻴ ًﺌﺎ ﻣﻨﻜ ًﺮا إذا ﺣﺪث َﻋﻨﻪ ﺛِ َﻘﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫َو َﻋ ﱠﻘ َﺐ اﺑ ُﻦ َﺣ َﺠﺮ ﺑﻘﻮﻟﻪ ‪ :‬وﺛﻘﺔ اﻟﻨﺎس‪ ،‬واﺣﺘﺞ ﺑﻪ اﻟ ﱠﺸ ْﻴﺨﺎن‪ ،‬وﻗﻔﺰ اﻟﻘﻨﻄﺮة‪.‬‬ ‫وﺑﻌﺪ أن َﻗﺎ َل اﺑ ُﻦ رﺟﺐ ‪ :‬ﻣﺘﻔﻖ َﻋ َﲆ اﻻ ْﺣﺘِ َﺠﺎج ﺑِ َﺤ ِﺪﻳﺜ ِﻪ ِﰲ اﻟ ﱠﺼ ِﺤﻴﺢ‪ ،‬وﺿﺢ ﻗﻮل َأ ْ َﲪﺪ‪َ ،‬ﻓ َﻘﺎ َل ‪ :‬وﻗﺪ اﺳﺘﻨﻜﺮ َأ ْ َﲪﺪ َﻣﺎ ﺗﻔﺮد ﺑﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫َو َذ َﻛ َﺮه اﻟ ُﻌ َﻘ ْﻴِ ّﲇ ِﰲ اﻟ ﱡﻀ َﻌ َﻔﺎء‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ ‪ُ :‬ﻫ َﻮ ﺛِ َﻘﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪ :‬اﻟ ﱠﻄ َﺒ َﻘﺎ ِت اﻟ َﻜﺒِﲑ‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ ﺳﻌﺪ‪ ،(401/7) ،‬واﻟ ﱠﻄ َﺒ َﻘﺎ ِت‪ ،‬ﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﺑﻦ ﺧﻴﺎط‪) ،‬ص ‪ ،(445‬و ِﻋ َﻠ َﻞ أﲪـﺪ )رواﻳـﺔ اﺑﻨـﻪ ﻋﺒـﺪ اﷲ(‪،‬‬ ‫)‪ ،(566 /1‬وﻣﻌﺮﻓ َﺔ اﻟ ﱢﺜ َﻘﺎت‪ ،‬ﻟﻠﻌﺠﲇ‪ ،(232 /2) ،‬وا َْﳉ ْﺮ َح َواﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﻌ ِﺪﻳﻞ‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ َأ ِﰊ ﺣﺎﺗﻢ‪ ،(184 /7) ،‬اﳌَْ ْﻌ ِﺮ َﻓ َﺔ َواﻟ َﺘﺎ ِرﻳ َﺦ‪ ،‬ﻟِ َﻴ ْﻌ ُﻘﻮب‬ ‫اﺑ ِﻦ ُﺳ ْﻔ َﻴﺎن اﻟ َﻔ َﺴ ِﻮ ّي‪ ،(426 /1) ،‬واﻟ ﱡﻀ َﻌ َﻔﺎ َء اﻟ َﻜﺒِﲑ‪ ،‬ﻟﻠ ُﻌ ِﻘ ْﻴِ ّﲇ‪ ،(1192 /4) ،‬واﻟﻜﺎﻣ َﻞ ِﰲ اﻟﻀﻌﻔﺎء‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ َأ ِﰊ ﻋﺪي‪،(131 /6) ،‬‬ ‫واﻟﺘﻌﺪﻳ َﻞ واﻟﺘﺠﺮﻳﺢ‪ ،‬ﻷَ ِﰊ اﻟﻮﻟﻴﺪ اﻟﺒﺎﺟﻲ‪ ،(667 /2) ،‬و َ ْﲥ ِﺬﻳ َﺐ ا َﻷ ْﺳ َﲈ ِء َواﻟ ﱡﻠ َﻐﺎ ِت‪ ،‬ﻟﻠﻨﱠ َﻮ ِو ّي‪ ،(76/1) ،‬و َ ْﲥ ِﺬﻳﺐ ا ْﻟ َﻜ َﲈل‪ ،‬ﻟﻠ ِﻤ ﱢﺰ ّي‪،‬‬ ‫)‪ ،(301 /24‬وا ْﻟ َﻜﺎ ِﺷ َﻒ‪ ،(153 /2) ،‬و َﺗ ْﺬﻛِ َﺮ َة ا ُْﳊ ﱠﻔﺎظ‪َ ،(124 /1) ،‬وذﻛ َﺮ أﺳـ َﲈء ﻣـﻦ ﺗﻜﻠـﻢ ﻓِﻴـﻪ و ُﻫـﻮ ﻣﻮﺛـﻖ‪) ،‬ص ‪،(158‬‬ ‫واﻟﺮوا َة اﻟ ﱢﺜ َﻘﺎت اﳌﺘﻜﻠﻢ ﻓِﻴﻬﻢ ﺑ َﲈ ﻻ ﻳﻮﺟﺐ ردﻫﻢ‪) ،‬ص ‪ ،(156‬واﳌﻐﻨﻲ ِﰲ اﻟ ﱡﻀ َﻌ َﻔﺎء‪ ،(251/2) ،‬ﲬﺴﺘﻬﺎ ﻟﻠـ ﱠﺬ َﻫﺒِ ّﻲ‪ ،‬وﴍ َح ﻋﻠـﻞ‬ ‫اﻟ ﱢ ْﱰ ِﻣ ِﺬ ّي‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ رﺟﺐ‪ ،(102 /2) ،‬و َ ْﲥ ِﺬﻳ َﺐ اﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﻬ ِﺬﻳﺐ‪َ ،(6/7) ،‬و َﺗ َﻘ ِﺮﻳـ َﺐ اﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﻬـ ِﺬﻳﺐ‪ ،(5691) ،‬وﻟﺴـﺎ َن اﳌﻴـﺰان‪،(470 /6) ،‬‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺛﺘﻬﺎ ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ َﺣ َﺠﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ْ ُ (5‬ﲢ َﻔ ُﺔ ا ْ َﻷ ْ َﴍا ِف‪.(9/1) ،‬‬ ‫‪278‬‬

‫َﻗﺎ َل َﺷ ْﻴ ُﺨ َﻨﺎ ‪َ :‬ﻫ َﺬا َو ْﻫ ٌﻢ‪ ،‬وإ ﱠﻧ َﲈ ُﻫ َﻮ َر َوا ُه ُﻋ َﻤ ُﺮ ْﺑ ُﻦ َﻣﺎﻟِ ٍﻚ‪ ،‬وﻛ َﺬﻟِ َﻚ َر َوا ُه أﺑﻮ داوود)‪ ،(1‬و ُﻫ َﻮ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ َﻣﺎﻟِﻚ‬ ‫ا َﳌ َﻌﺎﻓِﺮي)‪ (3)(2‬اﳌﴫي)‪.(4‬‬ ‫وﻟﻴﺲ َﳌﺎﻟِ ِﻚ ﺑﻦ َأ َﻧ ٍﺲ اﻹ َﻣﺎم ِﰲ َﻫ َﺬا ا َْﳊـ ِﺪﻳ ِﺚ رواﻳـ ٌﺔ ِﰲ أﰊ داوود‪َ ،‬و َو َﻗـ َﻊ ِﰲ رواﻳـ ِﺔ أﰊ اﳊﺴـﻦ اﺑـﻦ‬ ‫اﻟ َﻌ ْﺒﺪ)‪َ : (5‬ﻋ ْﻤﺮو ْﺑ ِﻦ َﻣﺎﻟِ ٍﻚ‪َ ،‬واﻟ ﱠﺼ َﻮاب ُﻋ َﻤﺮ ْﺑ ِﻦ َﻣﺎﻟِ ٍﻚ‪ ،‬وﻗﺪ ذﻛـﺮه اﳌﺼـﻨﻒ ‪/52‬ب َﻋـ َﲆ اﻟﺼـﻮا ِب ِﰲ َﺗ ْﺮ َ َﲨـ ِﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﲑ)‪ (6‬ﻣﻮﱃ آﰊ اﻟﻠﺤﻢ‪ ،‬ﻛﺘﺒﻪ ﺑِ َﺨ ﱢﻄ ِﻪ َﻋ َﲆ َﺣﺎ ِﺷ َﻴ ِﺔ اﻷﻃﺮاف)‪.(7‬‬ ‫َو ِﻣ ْﻦ َذﻟِ َﻚ َﻣﺎ َﻛ َﺘ َﺒ ُﻪ َﻋ َﲆ َﺣﺎ ِﺷ َﻴ ِﺔ اﻷﻃﺮا ِف ِﰲ َﺗ ْﺮ َ َﲨ ِﺔ ﻋﻴﺴﻰ ﺑﻦ ﻃﻬ َﲈن)‪َ (8‬ﻋﻦ ﺛﺎﺑ ِﺖ َﻋﻦ أﻧـ ٍﺲ ِﰲ َﺣـ ِﺪﻳﺚ‬ ‫\" َأ ْﺧ َﺮ َج إِ َﻟ ْﻴ َﻨﺎ َأ َﻧ ٌﺲ َﻧ ْﻌ َﻠ ْ ِﲔ َﺟ ْﺮ َدا َو ْﻳ ِﻦ\")‪.(2)(1‬‬ ‫)‪ُ (1‬ﺳ َﻨ ُﻦ َأ ِﰊ َدا ُو ِد ‪) :‬ص‪ِ (2) ،(181‬ﻛ َﺘﺎب اﻟ ﱠﺼ َﻼة‪َ (260) ،‬ﺑﺎ ُب َر ْﻓ ِﻊ ا ْﻟ َﻴ َﺪ ْﻳ ِﻦ ِﰲ ا ِﻻ ْﺳﺘِ ْﺴ َﻘﺎ ِء‪.(1168) ،‬‬ ‫وﺻﺤﺢ اﻹﺳﻨﺎد اﻟﺸﻴﺦ اﻷﻟﺒﺎﲏ ﰲ ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻘﻪ ﻋﲆ اﻟﺴﻨﻦ‪ ،‬وﻟﻌﻠﻪ ﻳﻘﺼﺪ ﺑﻤﺠﻤﻮع اﻟﻄﺮق‪ ،‬ﻷن ﻋﻤﺮو اﳌﻌﺎﻓﺮي ﻛﲈ ﺳﻴﺄﰐ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻗﻠﻴـﻞ‬ ‫ﺻﺪوق‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ِ (2‬ﰲ )ب( \"اﳌﻐﺎﻓﺮي\" ﺧﻄﺄ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (3‬ﺑﻔﺘﺢ اﳌﻴﻢ‪ ،‬وا ْﻟ َﻌ ْﲔ اﳌﻬﻤﻠﺔ‪ ،‬وﻛﴪ اﻟﻔﺎء واﻟﺮاء‪ ،‬ﻧﺴﺒﺔ إِ َﱃ َﻣ َﻌﺎﻓِﺮ ﺑﻦ َﻳ ْﻌ ُﻔﺮ ﺑﻦ َﻣﺎ ِﻟﻚ اﺑﻦ َﻛ ْﻬﻼن‪ ،‬ﻗﺒﻴﻞ ُﻳﻨْ َﺴﺐ إﻟﻴـﻪ ﺑﴩـ َﻛﺜِـﲑ‪،‬‬ ‫وﻋﺎﻣﺘﻬﻢ ﺑﻤﴫ‪.‬‬ ‫ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪ :‬اﻷﻧ َﺴﺎ َب‪ِ ،‬ﻟ ْﻠ ﱠﺴ ْﻤ َﻌﺎ ِ ّﲏ‪ ،(333/5) ،‬وﻋﺠﺎﻟ َﺔ اﳌﺒﺘﺪي وﻓﻀﺎﻟﺔ اﳌﻨﺘﻬﻲ ِﰲ اﻟﻨﺴﺐ‪ ،‬ﻟﻠﺤﺎزﻣﻲ‪) ،‬ص‪.(115‬‬ ‫)‪َ (4‬و ﱠﺛ َﻘﻪ َأ ْ َﲪﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺻﺎﻟﺢ اﳌِ ْ ِﴫ ّي‪.‬‬ ‫َو َﻗﺎ َل َأ ُﺑﻮ َﺣﺎﺗِﻢ اﻟ ﱠﺮا ِز ّي ‪ :‬ﻻ َﺑ ْﺄ َس ﺑِ ِﻪ‪َ ،‬ﻟ ْﻴ َﺲ ﺑﺎﳌﻌﺮوف‪ ،‬وﺑﺠﺰء ﻋﺒﺎرﺗﻪ ا َﻷ ﱠول َﻗﺎ َل اﺑ ُﻦ َﺣ َﺠﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫ووﺻﻔﻪ َأ ُﺑﻮ ُز ْر َﻋﺔ ﺑﺼﺎﻟﺢ ا َْﳊ ِﺪﻳﺚ‪َ ،‬و َﻗﺎ َل َﻣ ﱠﺮة ‪َ :‬ﻟ ْﻴ َﺲ ﺑِ َﺬاك‪.‬‬ ‫وروى ﻟﻪ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ َﺣ ِﺪﻳ ًﺜﺎ َوا ِﺣ ًﺪا ﻣﻘﺮو ًﻧﺎ ﺑ َﺤ ْﻴ َﻮة ْﺑ ِﻦ ُ َﴍ ْﻳ ٍﺢ ِﰲ اﻟﺘﻐﻨﻲ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺮآن‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ ‪ :‬ﻫﻮ ﺻﺪوق‪.‬‬ ‫ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪َ :‬ﺻ ِﺤﻴ َﺢ ُﻣ ْﺴﻠِﻢ ‪ (6) :‬ﻛِ َﺘﺎب َﺻ َﻼة ا ُﳌ َﺴﺎﻓِ ِﺮﻳﻦ‪َ (34) ،‬ﺑﺎ ُب ا ْﺳﺘِ ْﺤ َﺒﺎ ِب َ ْﲢ ِﺴ ِﲔ اﻟ ﱠﺼ ْﻮ ِت ﺑِﺎ ْﻟ ُﻘ ْﺮآ ِن‪ ،(792/233) ،‬وا َْﳉ ْﺮ َح‬ ‫َواﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﻌ ِﺪﻳﻞ‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ َأ ِﰊ َﺣﺎﺗِﻢ‪ ،(136/6) ،‬و َأ ُﺑﻮ ُز ْر َﻋﺔ اﻟ ﱠﺮا ِز ّي وﺟﻬﻮده ِﰲ اﻟ ﱡﺴ ﱠﻨﺔ اﻟﻨﺒﻮﻳﺔ ﻣﻊ ﲢﻘﻴﻖ ِﻛ َﺘﺎﺑﻪ اﻟ ﱡﻀ َﻌ َﻔﺎء وأﺟﻮﺑﺘـﻪ َﻋـ َﲆ‬ ‫أﺳﺌﻠﺔ اﻟﱪذﻋﻲ‪ ،(440/2) ،‬و َﺗﺎ ِرﻳ َﺦ أﺳ َﲈء اﻟ ﱢﺜ َﻘﺎت‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ ﺷﺎﻫﲔ‪) ،‬ص‪ ،(200‬و َﺗ َﻘ ِﺮﻳ َﺐ اﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﻬ ِﺬﻳﺐ‪ ،‬ﻻﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ‪.(4961) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ (5‬ﻫﻮ ﻋﲇ ﺑﻦ اﳊﺴﻦ ﺑﻦ اﻟﻌﺒﺪ‪ ،‬اﻟﻮراق‪ ،‬ﺗﻮﰲ ‪328‬ﻫـ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻧﻈﺮ ﺗﺮﲨﺘﻪ ﰲ ‪ :‬ﺗﺎرﻳ ِﺦ ﺑﻐﺪاد‪ ،‬ﻟﻠﺨﻄﻴﺐ اﻟﺒﻐﺪادي‪.(382/11) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ (6‬ﻛﺘﺐ ﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ ِﰲ )أ( ُﺛ ﱠﻢ ﳏﻴﺖ ﺑﺤﻴﺚ ﱂ ﻳﺒﻖ إﻻ آﺛﺎرﻫﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (7‬وﻛﺬا َﻗﺎ َل اﺑ ُﻦ َﺣ َﺠﺮ ِﰲ اﻟﻨﻜ ِﺖ اﻟﻈﺮاف‪ (9/1) ،‬اﳌﻄﺒﻮع ﻣﻊ ُ ْﲢ َﻔﺔ ا ْ َﻷ ْ َﴍا ِف‪ ،‬و َﻟ ِﻜﻨﱠ ُﻪ َﻗﺎ َل ‪ :‬ﻋﻤﺮو ﺑﻦ َﻣﺎﻟﻚ‪ ،‬وﻟﻴﺲ ﻋﻤﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (8‬ﳐﺘﻠ ٌﻒ ﻓﻴﻪ‪:‬‬ ‫َو ﱠﺛ َﻘﻪ ا ْﺑﻦ َﻣ ِﻌﲔ و َأ ْ َﲪﺪ‪َ ،‬و َزا َد ‪\" :‬ﺷﻴﺦ\"‪ ،‬و َأ ُﺑﻮ داود‪ ،‬و َأ ُﺑﻮ َﺣﺎﺗِﻢ‪ ،‬وﻳﻌﻘﻮب ﺑﻦ ﺳﻔﻴﺎن‪ ،‬واﻟ ﱠﻨ َﺴﺎ ِﺋ ّﻲ‪ ،‬واﻟ ﱠﺪا َر ُﻗ ْﻄﻨِ ّﻲ‪ ،‬واﺑـﻦ ﺷـﺎﻫﲔ‪،‬‬ ‫واﻟ ﱠﺬ َﻫﺒِ ّﻲ‪.‬‬ ‫َو َﻗﺎ َل َأ ْ َﲪﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺣﻨﺒﻞ ﻣﺮة ‪َ :‬ﻟ ْﻴ َﺲ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺄس‪َ ،‬وﺑِ ِﻤ ْﺜ ِﻞ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ َﻗﺎ َل ﳛﻴﻰ ْﺑﻦ َﻣ ِﻌﲔ ﻣﺮة‪ ،‬و َأ ُﺑﻮ داود‪ ،‬و َأ ُﺑﻮ َﺣـﺎﺗِﻢ‪ ،‬إﻻ َأ ﱠﻧـ ُﻪ زاد ‪َ \" :‬أ َﺣﺎ ِدﻳﺜـﻪ‬ ‫ُﻣ ْﺴ َﺘ ِﻘﻴﻤﺔ\"‪\" ،‬ﻳﺸﺒﻪ َﺣ ِﺪﻳ ُﺜﻪ َﺣ ِﺪﻳ َﺚ أﻫﻞ اﻟ ﱢﺼ ْﺪ ِق و َﻣﺎ ﺑِ َﺤ ِﺪﻳﺜ ِﻪ ﺑﺄس\"‪.‬‬ ‫َو َﻗﺎ َل اﻟ ﱠﺪا َر ُﻗ ْﻄﻨِ ﱡﻲ ﻣﺮة ‪َ :‬ﺻ ُﺪوق‪َ ،‬وﺑِ ِﻤ ْﺜ ِﻞ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ َﻫ َﺬا َﻗﺎ َل ﺗﻠﻤﻴﺬه ا َﳊﺎ ِﻛﻢ‪ ،‬وﻛﺬا اﻟ ﱠﺬ َﻫﺒِ ّﻲ ِﰲ ﻣﻮﺿﻊ‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ َﺣ َﺠﺮ‪=.‬‬ ‫‪279‬‬

‫إن َﻇﺎ ِﻫ َﺮ َﻣﺎ أورده)‪ِ (3‬ﰲ ﻫﺬه اﻟﱰﲨﺔ ﻳﻘﺘﴤ أن ِﻋﻴ َﺴﻰ ْﺑ َﻦ َﻃ ْﻬ َﲈ َن روى َﻋﻦ َﺛﺎﺑِـ ٍﺖ \" َأ ْﺧـ َﺮ َج إِ َﻟ ْﻴ َﻨـﺎ َأ َﻧـ ٌﺲ‬ ‫َﻧ ْﻌ َﻠ ْ ِﲔ\"‪ ،‬وﻟﻴﺲ ﻛ َﺬﻟِ َﻚ ﻓ َﺤ ِﺪﻳﺚ \" َأ ْﺧ َﺮ َج إِ َﻟ ْﻴﻨَﺎ\" َر َوا ُه ِﻋﻴ َﺴﻰ َﻋﻦ)‪َ (4‬أ َﻧ ٍﺲ ِﻣ ْﻦ َﻏ ْﲑ واﺳﻄﺔ َﺛﺎﺑﺖ‪ ،‬ﻓ َﻜﺎ َن اﻟﻼﺋـﻖ أن‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮل ‪ :‬إ ﱠن اﻟﻨﱠ ْﻌ َﻠ ْ ِﲔ ا ﱠﻟ ِﺬﻳ َﻦ َأ ْﺧ َﺮ َﺟ ُﻬ َﲈ َأ َﻧ ٌﺲ ُ َﳘﺎ َﻧ ْﻌ َﻼ اﻟﻨﱠﺒِ ّﻲ َﺻ ﱠﲆ اﷲُ َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴ ِﻪ َو َﺳ ﱠﻠ َﻢ‪ ،‬وﻗﺪ َذ َﻛ َﺮ اﳌﺼﻨﻒ رواﻳـﺔ ِﻋﻴ َﺴـﻰ‬ ‫َﻋﻦ َأ َﻧ ٍﺲ ِﰲ اﻹﺧﺮاج)‪ِ (5‬ﰲ َﺗ ْﺮ َ َﲨ ِﺔ ِﻋﻴ َﺴﻰ ْﺑﻦ َﻃ ْﻬ َﲈ َن‪َ ،‬ﻋﻦ َأ َﻧ ٍﺲ)‪.(6‬‬ ‫= َو َﻗﺎ َل اﻟ ُﻌ َﻘ ْﻴِ ﱡﲇ ‪ :‬ﻻ ﻳﺘﺎﺑﻊ‪ ،‬وﻟﻌﻠﻪ أﺗﻰ ﻣﻦ ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﺑﻦ َﻋ ْﺒﺪ اﻟ ﱠﺮ ْ َﲪﻦ ﻳﻌﻨﻲ اﻟﺮاوي ﻋﻨﻪ؛ ﻷ ﱠن أﺑـﺎ ﻧﻌـﻴﻢ وﺧـﻼ ًدا ﳛـﺪﺛﺎن ﻋﻨـﻪ َأ َﺣﺎ ِدﻳـﺚ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎرﺑﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫َﻓ َﻌ ﱠﻘ َﺐ اﺑ ُﻦ َﺣ َﺠﺮ َﻋ َﲆ ﻛﻼﻣﻪ ﺑﻘﻮﻟﻪ ‪\" :‬وﻫﻮ ﻛ َﲈ ﻇ ﱠﻦ اﻟ ُﻌ َﻘ ْﻴِ ّﲇ\"‪.‬‬ ‫وﺿﻌﻔﻪ ﻣﻐﻠﻄﺎي ِﰲ ا َْﳊ ِﺪﻳﺚ‪َ ،‬و َزا َد ‪ :‬ﻣﻨﻜﺮه‪ ،‬واﻟ ِﻌ َﺮا ِﻗ ّﻲ‪.‬‬ ‫َو َﻗﺎ َل اﺑ ُﻦ ِﺣ ﱠﺒﺎن ‪\" :‬ﻳﻨﻔﺮد ﺑﺎﳌﻨﺎﻛﲑ ﻋﻦ أﻧﺲ‪ ،‬وﻳﺄﰐ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺑ َﲈ ﻻ ﻳﺸﺒﻪ َﺣ ِﺪﻳﺜﻪ‪ ،‬ﻛﺄﻧﻪ ﻛﺎن ﻳﺪﻟﺲ ﻋﻦ أﺑـﺎن ﺑـﻦ أﰊ ﻋﻴـﺎش‪ ،‬ﻻ ﳚـﻮز‬ ‫اﻻ ْﺣﺘِ َﺠﺎج ﺑﺨﱪه‪ ،‬وإن اﻋﺘﱪ ﺑ َﲈ واﻓﻖ اﻟ ﱢﺜ َﻘﺎت ﻣﻦ َﺣ ِﺪﻳﺜﻪ ﻓﻼ ﺿﲑ\"‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﻐﻘ َﺐ اﺑ ُﻦ َﺣ َﺠﺮ َﻋ َﲆ َذ ِﻟ َﻚ ﺑﻘﻮﻟﻪ ‪ :‬ﻓﺄﻓﺤﺶ اﻟ َﻘ ْﻮل ﻓﻴﻪ ِﰲ ِﻛ َﺘﺎب اﻟ ﱡﻀ َﻌ َﻔﺎء ﺿﻌﻔﻪ اﺑﻦ ِﺣ ﱠﺒﺎن ﺑﻼ ﻣﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪َ ،‬و َﻗﺎ َل ِﰲ ﻣﻮﺿﻊ آﺧـﺮ ‪:‬‬ ‫أﻓﺮط ﻓﻴﻪ اﺑﻦ ِﺣ ﱠﺒﺎن‪ ،‬واﻟﺬﻧﺐ ﻓﻴ َﲈ اﺳﺘﻨﻜﺮه ﻣﻦ َﺣ ِﺪﻳﺜﻪ ﻟﻐﲑه‪.‬‬ ‫وأﻃﻠﻖ اﻟ َﻘ ْﻮ َل ﺑﱰﻛﻪ اﺑﻦ َﻃﺎ ِﻫﺮ ا َﳌ ْﻘ ِﺪ ِ ّﳼ‪.‬‬ ‫وأﻧﻜ َﺮ َﺣ ِﺪﻳ َﺜ ُﻪ ا ْﻟ َﻌ ْﻴﻨﻲ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﻟﻜﻨﺎﲏ ﻣﻦ اﳌﺘﺄﺧﺮﻳﻦ ‪\" :‬ﻳﻨﻔﺮد ﺑﺎﳌﻨﺎﻛﲑ ﻋﻦ اﳌﺸﺎﻫﲑ\"‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ ‪ :‬ﻫﻮ َﺻ ُﺪوق‪ ،‬ﻳﻘﺮب ﻣﻦ اﻟ ﱢﺜ َﻘﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪َ :‬ﺗﺎ ِرﻳ َﺦ ا ْﺑﻦ َﻣ ِﻌﲔ )رواﻳﺔ اﻟﺪوري(‪ ،(201 ،25/4) ،‬و ِﻋ َﻠ َﻞ أﲪﺪ )رواﻳﺔ اﺑﻨـﻪ ﻋﺒـﺪ اﷲ(‪ ،(456 /3) ،‬واﳌﻌﺮﻓـ َﺔ واﻟ َﺘـﺎ ِرﻳﺦ‪،‬‬ ‫)‪ ،(232/3‬وا َْﳉ ْﺮ َح َواﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﻌ ِﺪﻳﻞ‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ َأ ِﰊ َﺣـﺎﺗِﻢ‪ ،(280 /6) ،‬واﻟ ﱡﻀـ َﻌ َﻔﺎ َء اﻟﻜﺒـﲑ‪ ،‬ﻟﻠﻌﻘـﻴﲇ‪ ،(1085/3) ،‬واﳌﺠـﺮوﺣﲔ‪ ،‬ﻻﺑـﻦ‬ ‫ﺣﺒﺎن‪ ،(117/2) ،‬و ُﺳ َﺆا َﻻ ِت ا َﳊﺎ ِﻛﻢ ﻟﻠ ﱠﺪا َر ُﻗ ْﻄﻨِ ّﻲ‪) ،‬ص‪ ،(258‬و َﺗﺎ ِرﻳ َﺦ أﺳ َﲈء اﻟ ﱢﺜ َﻘﺎت‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ ﺷـﺎﻫﲔ‪) ،‬ص‪ ،(225‬واﳌـﺪﺧ َﻞ إِ َﱃ‬ ‫اﻟ ﱠﺼ ِﺤﻴﺢ‪ ،‬ﻟﻠﺤﺎﻛﻢ‪ ،(134/4) ،‬و َﺗﺎ ِرﻳ َﺦ َﺑ ْﻐ َﺪاد‪ ،‬ﻟﻠﺨﻄﻴﺐ اﻟ َﺒ ْﻐـ َﺪادي‪ ،(142/11) ،‬وﻣﻌﺮﻓـ َﺔ اﻟﺘـﺬﻛﺮة‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑـ ِﻦ َﻃـﺎ ِﻫﺮ ا َﳌ ْﻘـ ِﺪ ِ ّﳼ‪،‬‬ ‫)ص‪ ،(98‬وا ْﻟ َﻜﺎ ِﺷﻒ‪ ،(110/2) ،‬وﺗﻠﺨﻴ َﺺ ﻛِ َﺘﺎب اﳌﻮﺿﻮﻋﺎت‪) ،‬ص‪ ،(64‬واﳌﻐﻨﻲ ِﰲ اﻟ ﱡﻀ َﻌ َﻔﺎء‪َ ،(167/2) ،‬وذﻛ َﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻜﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻪ وﻫﻮ ﻣﻮﺛﻖ‪) ،‬ص‪ ،(149‬وﻣﻴﺰان اﻻﻋﺘﺪال‪ ،(379 /5) ،‬ﲬﺴﺘﻬﺎ ﻟﻠ ﱠﺬ َﻫﺒِ ّﻲ‪ ،‬وﴍ َح ﺳﻨﻦ اﺑـﻦ َﻣﺎﺟـﻪ‪ ،‬ﳌﻐﻠﻄـﺎي‪،(1626/5) ،‬‬ ‫واﳌﻐﻨﻲ ﻋﻦ ﲪﻞ اﻷﺳﻔﺎر‪ ،‬ﻟﻠﻌﺮاﻗﻲ‪ ،(994 /2) ،‬وﻫﺪي اﻟﺴـﺎري‪ ،(463 ،434) ،‬و َ ْﲥـ ِﺬﻳ َﺐ اﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﻬـ ِﺬﻳﺐ‪ ،(334/6) ،‬و َﺗ َﻘ ِﺮﻳـ َﺐ‬ ‫اﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﻬ ِﺬﻳﺐ‪ ،(5301) ،‬ﺛﻼﺛﺘﻬﺎ ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ َﺣ َﺠﺮ‪ ،‬و ُﻋ ْﻤ َﺪ َة اﻟﻘﺎري‪ ،‬ﻟﻠ َﻌ ْﻴﻨِ ّﻲ‪ ،(257 /5) ،‬وﺗﻨﺰﻳ َﻪ اﻟﴩﻳﻌﺔ اﳌﺮﻓﻮﻋﺔ‪ ،‬ﻟﻠﻜﻨﺎ َﲏ‪.(263/1) ،‬‬ ‫)‪َ (1‬ﺻ ِﺤﻴ ُﺢ اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨﺎ ِر ّي ‪ِ (57) :‬ﻛ َﺘﺎ ُب َﻓ ْﺮ ِض ا ُْﳋ ُﻤ ِﺲ‪َ (5) ،‬ﺑﺎ ُب َﻣﺎ ُذ ِﻛ َﺮ ِﻣ ْﻦ ِد ْر ِع اﻟ ﱠﻨﺒِ ّﻲ َﺻـ ﱠﲆ ا ُﷲ َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴـ ِﻪ َو َﺳـ ﱠﻠ َﻢ َو َﻋ َﺼـﺎ ُه‪َ ،‬و َﺳـ ْﻴ ِﻔ ِﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫َو َﻗ َﺪ ِﺣ ِﻪ‪َ ،‬و َﺧﺎ َﲤ ِ ِﻪ‪َ ،‬و َﻣﺎ ا ْﺳ َﺘ ْﻌ َﻤ َﻞ ا ُْﳋ َﻠ َﻔﺎ ُء َﺑ ْﻌ َﺪ ُه ِﻣ ْﻦ َذﻟِ َﻚ‪.(3107) ،...‬‬ ‫)‪ْ ُ (2‬ﲢ َﻔ ُﺔ ا ْﻷَ ْ َﴍا ِف‪.(147/1) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ (3‬ﻛﺘﺐ ِﰲ )أ( ﻧﺼﻒ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ \"أورده\" \"أو\" ِﰲ آﺧﺮ اﻟﺴﻄﺮ‪ ،‬وﺗﻜﻤﻠﺘﻬﺎ \"رده\" َﻋ َﲆ َﻳ َﺴﺎ ِر اﻟ ﱠﺼ ْﻔ َﺤ ِﺔ ِﰲ ا َﳊﺎ ِﺷ َﻴ ِﺔ‪ ،‬و َذﻟِ َﻚ ﳏﺎﻓﻈﺔ َﻋ َﲆ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻨﺴﻴﻖ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ِ (4‬ﰲ )ب( \"اﺑﻦ\" ﺧﻄﺄ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ِ (5‬ﰲ )ب( \"اﻷﻓﺮاح\" ﺧﻄﺄ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ْ ُ (6‬ﲢ َﻔ ُﺔ ا ْ َﻷ ْ َﴍا ِف‪.(296/1) ،‬‬ ‫‪280‬‬

‫َو ِﻣ ْﻦ َذﻟِ َﻚ َﻣﺎ َﻛ َﺘ َﺒ ُﻪ َﻋ َﲆ ﺗﺮﲨ ِﺔ أﰊ ﻋﻤﺮان ا َﳉ ْﻮ ِ ّﲏ)‪َ (2)(1‬ﻋ ْﺒﺪ اﳌﻠـﻚ ﺑـﻦ ﺣﺒﻴـﺐ)‪َ ،(3‬ﻋـﻦ أﻧـ ٍﺲ ِﰲ َﺣـ ِﺪﻳ ِﺚ‬ ‫\" ُو ﱢﻗ َﺖ َﻟ َﻨﺎ ِﰲ َﻗ ﱢﺺ اﻟ ﱠﺸﺎ ِر ِب‪َ ،‬و َﺗ ْﻘﻠِﻴ ِﻢ اﻷَ ْﻇ َﻔﺎ ِر‪َ ،‬و َﺣ ْﻠ ِﻖ ا ْﻟ َﻌﺎ َﻧ ِﺔ‪ \"...‬ا َْﳊ ِﺪﻳﺚ‪َ ،‬ر َوا ُه ُﻣ ْﺴﻠِ ٌﻢ ِﰲ اﻟ ﱠﻄ َﻬﺎ َرة َﻋﻦ َ ْﳛ َﻴﻰ ْﺑ ِﻦ‬ ‫َ ْﳛ َﻴﻰ‪َ ،‬و ُﻗ َﺘ ْﻴ َﺒﺔ ْﺑ ِﻦ َﺳ ِﻌﻴ ٍﺪ‪ ،‬ﻛِ َﻼ ُ َﳘﺎ َﻋﻦ َﺟ ْﻌ َﻔ ِﺮ ْﺑ ِﻦ ُﺳ َﻠ ْﻴ َﲈ َن)‪َ ،(4‬ﻋﻨﻪ ﺑﻪ)‪.(1‬‬ ‫)‪ (1‬ﻛﺘﺐ ِﰲ )أ( ﻧﺼﻒ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ \"ﻋﻤﺮان\" \"ﻋﻤﺮ\" ِﰲ آﺧﺮ اﻟﺴﻄﺮ‪ ،‬وﺗﻜﻤﻠﺘﻬـﺎ \"أن\" َﻋـ َﲆ َﻳ َﺴـﺎ ِر اﻟ ﱠﺼـ ْﻔ َﺤ ِﺔ ِﰲ ا َﳊﺎ ِﺷـ َﻴ ِﺔ‪ ،‬وﻛـ َﺬ ِﻟ َﻚ ﻛﻠﻤـﺔ‬ ‫\"اﳉﻮﲏ\" و َذ ِﻟ َﻚ ﳏﺎﻓﻈﺔ َﻋ َﲆ اﻟﺘﻨﺴﻴﻖ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (2‬ﺑﻔﺘﺢ اﳉﻴﻢ وﺳﻜﻮن اﻟﻮاو وﻛﴪ اﻟﻨﻮن‪ ،‬ﻧﺴﺒﺔ إِ َﱃ َﺟ ْﻮن‪ ،‬ﺑﻄﻦ ﻣﻦ اﻷزد‪ ،‬و ُﻫﻮ اﳉﻮن ﺑﻦ ﻋﻮف ﺑﻦ ُﺧ َﺰ ْﻳ ِﻤﺔ ﺑﻦ َﻣﺎﻟِﻚ ﺑﻦ اﻷزد‪.‬‬ ‫اﻷﻧ َﺴﺎ ُب‪ِ ،‬ﻟ ْﻠ ﱠﺴ ْﻤ َﻌﺎ ِ ّﲏ‪.(125 /2) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ (3‬ا ْﻟ ِﻜ ْﻨ ِﺪ ّي‪َ ،‬و ُﻳ َﻘﺎل ‪ :‬ا ْﻷَ ْز ِد ّي ا ْﻟ َﺒ ْ ِﴫ ّي‪َ ،‬و َﻗﺎ َل َﻋ ْﻤﺮو ﺑﻦ َﻋِ ّﲇ اﻟﻔ ﱠﻼس ‪ :‬ا ْﺳﻤﻪ َﻋ ْﺒﺪ اﻟ ﱠﺮ ْ َﲪﻦ ﺑﻦ ﺣﺒﻴﺐ‪ُ .‬ﺗ ُﻮ ﱢ َﰲ َﺳ َﻨﺔ ‪128‬ﻫـ‪ ،‬وﻗﻴﻞ ﻗﺒﻠﻬﺎ‪،‬‬ ‫وﻗﻴﻞ ﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫َو ﱠﺛ َﻘﻪ اﺑ ُﻦ َﺳ ْﻌﺪ‪ ،‬وا ْﺑ ُﻦ َﻣ ِﻌﲔ‪ ،‬واﻟ ﱠﺬ َﻫﺒِ ّﻲ‪ ،‬واﺑ ُﻦ َﺣ َﺠﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫و َﺻ ﱠﺤ َﺢ ا َﳊﺎﻛِ ُﻢ ﺳ َﲈﻋﻪ ﻣﻦ أﻧﺲ‪.‬‬ ‫وأﻃﻠ َﻖ ﻓِﻴﻪ َأ ُﺑﻮ َﺣﺎﺗِﻢ اﻟ ﱠﺮا ِز ّي وﺻﻒ ﺻﺎﻟﺢ‪.‬‬ ‫واﻟ ﱠﻨ َﺴﺎﺋِ ّﻲ َﻗﺎ َل ﻓِﻴﻪ ‪\" :‬ﻻ َﺑ ْﺄ َس ﺑِ ِﻪ\"‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ ‪ُ :‬ﻫ َﻮ ﺛِ َﻘﺔ‪ ،‬وﻻ ﻳﻀﲑه َﻣﺎ َﻗﺎ َﻟﻪ ﻓِﻴﻪ اﻹ َﻣﺎ َﻣﺎن اﻟﻜﺒﲑان‪.‬‬ ‫وﻟﻠ ِﻌ ْﻠ ِﻢ َأ ُﺑﻮ ﻋﻤﺮان اﳉﻮﲏ اﺛﻨﺎن‪ ،‬راوﻳﻨﺎ َﻫ َﺬا‪ ،‬و ُﻣ ْﻮ َﺳﻰ ﺑ ُﻦ َﺳ ْﻬ ِﻞ ﺑ ِﻦ َﻛﺜِﲑ‪ ،‬و ُﻫﻮ َﺿ ِﻌﻴﻒ‪.‬‬ ‫ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪ :‬اﻟ ﱠﻄ َﺒ َﻘﺎ ِت اﻟ َﻜﺒِﲑ‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ َﺳ ْﻌﺪ‪ ،(237/9) ،‬وا َْﳉ ْﺮ َح َواﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﻌ ِﺪﻳﻞ‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ َأ ِﰊ َﺣﺎﺗِﻢ‪ ،(346 /5) ،‬و َﺗﺎ ِرﻳ َﺦ ﻣ ُﻮ ِﻟ َﺪ اﻟ ُﻌ َﻠ َﲈء ووﻓِﻴﺎﲥﻢ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺮﺑﻌﻲ‪ ،(297 /1) ،‬واﳍﺪاﻳ َﺔ واﻹرﺷﺎد ِﰲ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ أﻫﻞ اﻟ ﱢﺜ َﻘﺔ واﻟﺴﺪاد‪ ،‬ﻟﻠﻜﻼﺑﺎذي‪ ،(478 /2) ،‬و ُﺳ َﺆا َﻻ ِت اﻟ ﱢﺴـ ْﺠ ِﺰ ّي ﻟﻠﺤـﺎﻛﻢ‪،‬‬ ‫)ص‪ ،(177‬وﻣﻌﺮﻓ َﺔ أﻧﻮاع ﻋﻠﻢ ا َْﳊ ِﺪﻳﺚ‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ اﻟﺼـﻼح‪) ،‬ص‪ ،(465‬و َ ْﲥـ ِﺬﻳ َﺐ ا ْﻟ َﻜـ َﲈل‪ ،‬ﻟﻠ ِﻤـ ﱢﺰ ّي‪ ،(297/18) ،‬و ِﺳـ َ َﲑ َأ ْﻋـ َﻼ ِم‬ ‫اﻟ ﱡﻨ َﺒ َﻼ ِء‪ ،(255/5) ،‬وا ْﻟ َﻜﺎ ِﺷ َﻒ‪ ،(664 /1) ،‬ﻛﻼﳘﺎ ﻟﻠ ﱠﺬ َﻫﺒِ ّﻲ‪َ ،‬و َﺗ َﻘ ِﺮﻳ َﺐ اﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﻬ ِﺬﻳﺐ‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ َﺣ َﺠﺮ‪.(4172) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ (4‬ﻫﻮ َأ ُﺑﻮ ُﺳ َﻠ ْﻴ َﲈ َن اﻟ ﱡﻀ َﺒ ِﻌ ﱡﻲ‪ ،‬اﻟ َﺒ ْ ِﴫ ﱡي‪.‬‬ ‫َو ﱠﺛ َﻘﻪ َوﻛِﻴ ٌﻊ وا ْﺑ ُﻦ َﻣ ِﻌﲔ‪َ ،‬و َزا َد ‪\" :‬ﻳﺘﺸﻴﻊ َﻟ ْﻴ َﺲ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺄس\"‪ ،‬واﺑ ُﻦ اﳌَ ِﺪﻳﻨِ ّﻲ واﺑ ُﻦ ﺳﻌﺪ‪َ ،‬و َزا َد ‪\" :‬وﺑﻪ ﺿـﻌ ٌﻒ‪ ،‬وﻛـﺎن ﻳﺘﺸـﻴﻊ\"‪ ،‬واﻟ ِﻌ ْﺠـِ ّﲇ‪،‬‬ ‫واﻟ َﻔ َﺴ ِﻮ ّي‪ ،‬وﻗﺎل ‪\" :‬ﻣﺘﻘ ًﻨﺎ‪ ،‬ﺣﺴﻦ اﻷﺧﺬ‪ ،‬ﺣﺴﻦ اﻷداء إ ﱠﻻ َأ ﱠﻧ ُﻪ ﻛـﺎن َﻗ ِﺮﻳـﺐ اﻟـﺪار ﻣـﻦ َأ ِﰊ ﺑﻜـﺮ وﻋﻤـﺮ اﺑﻨـﻲ َﻋـِ ّﲇ ﺑـﻦ اﳌﻘـﺪﻣﻲ\"‪،‬‬ ‫واﳉﻮزﺟﺎﲏ‪َ ،‬و َزا َد ‪\" :‬روى َأ َﺣﺎ ِدﻳﺚ ﻣﻨﻜﺮة‪ ،‬ﻣﺘ َﲈﺳﻚ ﻛﺎن ﻻ ﻳﻜﺘﺐ\"‪ ،‬واﺑ ُﻦ ِﺣ ﱠﺒﺎن‪َ ،‬و َزا َد ‪\" :‬ﻣﻦ اﳌﺘﻘﻨﲔ ِﰲ اﻟﺮواﻳﺎت‪َ ،‬ﻏ ْﲑ َأ ﱠﻧـ ُﻪ ﻛـﺎن‬ ‫ﻳﻨﺘﺤﻞ اﳌﻴﻞ إِ َﱃ أﻫﻞ اﻟﺒﻴﺖ‪ ،‬وﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﺑﺪاﻋﻴﺔ إِ َﱃ َﻣ ْﺬ َﻫﺒﻪ‪ ،‬وﻟﻴﺲ ﺑﲔ أﻫﻞ ا َْﳊ ِﺪﻳﺚ ﻣﻦ أﺋﻤﺘﻨﺎ ِﺧ َﻼف أن اﻟ َﺼ ُﺪوق اﳌﺘﻘﻦ إذا ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻓﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺪﻋﺔ وﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﻳﺪﻋﻮ إﻟﻴﻬﺎ اﻻ ْﺣﺘِ َﺠﺎج ﺑﺨﱪه ﺟﺎﺋﺰ\"‪ ،‬واﺑ ُﻦ ﺷـﺎﻫﲔ‪َ ،‬و َزا َد ‪\" :‬ﻳﺘﺸـﻴﻊ َﻟـ ْﻴ َﺲ ﺑـﻪ ﺑـﺄس\"‪ ،‬واﻟـ ﱠﺬ َﻫﺒِ ﱡﻲ‪َ ،‬و َزا َد ‪َ \" :‬ﺻـ ُﺪوق‬ ‫ﺻﺎﻟﺢ ﻣﺸﻬﻮر‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﻪ ﺗﺸﻴ ٌﻊ‪َ ،‬و َﻟ ُﻪ َﻣﺎ ﻳﻨﻜﺮ‪ ،‬وﻛﺎن ﻻ ﻳﻜﺘﺐ\"‪َ ،‬و َزا َد ﻣﺮ ًة ﺑﻌﺪ ﺗﻮﺛﻴﻘﻪ ‪\" :‬ﻓﻴﻪ ﺷ ٌﺊ ﻣﻊ ﻛﺜﺮة ُﻋ ُﻠﻮﻣﻪ \"‪ ،‬واﺑ ُﻦ اﳌﻠﻘـﻦ‪َ ،‬و َزا َد ‪:‬‬ ‫\"ﻓﻴﻪ ﳾء\"‪ ،‬واﻟ ّﺴ ُﻴﻮﻃِ ّﻲ‪َ ،‬و َزا َد ‪\" :‬ﺣﺴﻦ ا َْﳊ ِﺪﻳﺚ\"‪ ،‬وﻛﺬا اﳌﺒﺎرﻛﻔﻮري‪ ،‬ﻣﻦ اﳌﺘﺄﺧﺮﻳﻦ‪.‬‬ ‫َو َﻗﺎ َل اﻟﻨﱠ َﻮ ِو ّي ﻣﺆﻳ ًﺪا ﺗﻮﺛﻴﻘﻬﻢ ‪ :‬وﻗﺪ و ﱠﺛ َﻖ َﻛﺜِ ٌﲑ ﻣﻦ ا َﻷﺋِ ﱠﻤ ِﺔ اﳌﺘﻘﺪﻣﲔ َﺟ ْﻌ َﻔ َﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻠﻴ َﲈن وﻳﻜﻔﻲ ِﰲ ﺗﻮﺛﻴﻘﻪ اﺣﺘﺠﺎج ﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﺑﻪ‪ ،‬وﻗﺪ ﺗﺎﺑﻌـﻪ‬ ‫ﻏﲑه‪.‬‬ ‫َو َﻗﺎ َل اﺑ ُﻦ اﳌَ ِﺪﻳﻨِ ّﻲ ﻣﺮة ‪ :‬ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﻋﻨﺪ َﺟ ْﻌ َﻔﺮ ِﻛ َﺘﺎب‪ ،‬وﻋﻨﺪه أﺷﻴﺎء ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻏﲑه‪.‬‬ ‫َو َﻗﺎ َل َأ ْ َﲪﺪ ‪ :‬ﻻ َﺑ ْﺄ َس ﺑِ ِﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﻴﻞ ﻟﻪ إن ﺳﻠﻴ َﲈن ﺑﻦ ﺣﺮب ﻳﻘﻮل ‪ :‬ﻻ ﻳﻜﺘﺐ َﺣ ِﺪﻳﺜﻪ‪َ ،‬ﻓ َﻘﺎ َل ‪ :‬ﱠﲪﺎد ﺑﻦ زﻳﺪ ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﻳﻨﻬﻰ ﻋﻨﻪ‪ ،‬إﻧ َﲈ ﻛﺎن ﻳﺘﺸﻴﻊ‬ ‫وﻛﺎن ﳛﺪث ﺑ َﺄ َﺣﺎ ِدﻳﺚ ‪ -‬ﻳﻌﻨﻲ ِﰲ ﻓﻀﻞ َﻋِ ّﲇ ﻛﺮم اﷲ وﺟﻬﻪ – وأﻫﻞ اﻟﺒﴫة ﻳﻐﻠﻮن ِﰲ َﻋِ ّﲇ رﴈ اﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ‪ ،‬وﻋﺎﻣﺔ َﺣ ِﺪﻳﺜﻪ رﻗﺎﺋﻖ‬ ‫روى ﻋﻨﻪ َﻋ ْﺒﺪ اﻟ ﱠﺮ ْ َﲪﻦ ﺑﻦ ﻣﻬﺪي وﻏﲑه‪= .‬‬ ‫‪281‬‬

‫= َو َﻗﺎ َل اﺑ ُﻦ ﻋﺪي ‪ :‬و َﳉ ْﻌ َﻔﺮ َﺣ ِﺪﻳﺚ ﺻﺎﻟﺢ ورواﻳﺎت َﻛﺜِﲑة‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ﺣﺴﻦ ا َْﳊ ِﺪﻳﺚ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ﻣﻌﺮوف ِﰲ اﻟ ﱠﺘ َﺸ ﱡﻴﻊ وﲨﻊ اﻟﺮﻗﺎق وﺟﺎﻟﺲ زﻫﺎد‬ ‫اﻟﺒﴫة ﻓﺤﻔﻆ ﻋﻨﻬﻢ اﻟﻜﻼم اﻟﺮﻗﻴﻖ ِﰲ اﻟﺰﻫﺪ‪ ،‬ﻳﺮوﻳﻪ َذ ِﻟ َﻚ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺳﻴﺎر ﺑﻦ ﺣﺎﺗﻢ‪ ،‬وأرﺟﻮ َأ ﱠﻧ ُﻪ ﻻ َﺑ ْﺄ َس ﺑِ ِﻪ‪ ،‬واﻟﺬي ذﻛﺮ ﻓﻴـﻪ ﻣـﻦ اﻟ ﱠﺘ َﺸـ ﱡﻴﻊ‬ ‫واﻟﺮواﻳﺎت اﻟﺘﻲ رواﻫﺎ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﺴﺘﺪل ﲠﺎ َﻋ َﲆ َأ ﱠﻧ ُﻪ ﺷﻴﻌﻲ‪ ،‬وﻗﺪ روى ِﰲ ﻓﻀﺎﺋﻞ اﻟ ﱠﺸ ْﻴﺨﲔ‪ ،‬و َأ َﺣﺎ ِدﻳﺜﻪ ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﺑـﺎﳌﻨﻜﺮة‪ ،‬و َﻣـﺎ ﻛـﺎن ِﻣ ْﻨ َﻬـﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻜ ًﺮا َﻓ َﻠ َﻌ ﱠﻞ اﻟﺒﻼء ﻓﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺮاوي ﻋﻨﻪ وﻫﻮ ﻋﻨﺪي ﳑﻦ ﳚﺐ ان ﻳﻘﺒﻞ َﺣ ِﺪﻳﺜﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫َو َﻗﺎ َل اﺑ ُﻦ ﺷﺎﻫﲔ ِﰲ اﳌﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻓﻴﻬﻢ ‪ :‬إﻧ َﲈ ﺗﻜﻠﻢ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻟﻌﻠﺔ ا َﳌ ْﺬ َﻫﺐ‪ ،‬و َﻣﺎ رأﻳﺖ ﻣﻦ ﻃﻌﻦ ِﰲ َﺣ ِﺪﻳﺜـﻪ إﻻ اﺑـﻦ ﻋـ ﱠﲈر ﺑﻘﻮﻟـﻪ ‪َ :‬ﺟ ْﻌ َﻔـﺮ ﺑـﻦ‬ ‫ﺳﻠﻴ َﲈن ﺿﻌﻴﻒ‪.‬‬ ‫َو َﻗﺎ َل اﻟ َﺒ ﱠﺰا ُر ‪ :‬ﱂ ﻧﺴﻤ ْﻊ أﺣ ًﺪا ﻳﻄﻌﻦ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ِﰲ ا َْﳊ ِﺪﻳﺚ‪ ،‬وﻻ ِﰲ ﺧﻄﺄ ﻓﻴﻪ‪ ،‬إﻧ َﲈ ذﻛﺮت ﻋﻨﻪ ﺷﻴﻌﻴﺘﻪ‪ ،‬وأ ﱠﻣﺎ َﺣ ِﺪﻳﺜﻪ ﻓ ُﻤ ْﺴ َﺘ ِﻘﻴﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫وأﻃﻠﻖ ﻓﻴﻪ اﻟ ﱠﺬ َﻫﺒِ ّﻲ ﻟﻔﻆ ‪َ \" :‬ﺻ ُﺪوق\"‪َ ،‬و َزا َد ﻣﺮة ﺑﻌﺪ إﻃﻼﻗﻪ َﻫ َﺬا اﻟﻠﻔﻆ ‪\" :‬وﻫﻮ َﺻ ُﺪوق ِﰲ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ وﻳﻨﻔﺮد ﺑ َﺄ َﺣﺎ ِدﻳﺚ ﻋﺪت ﳑﱠـﺎ ﻳﻨﻜـﺮ‪،‬‬ ‫واﺧﺘﻠﻒ ِﰲ اﻻ ْﺣﺘِ َﺠﺎج ﲠﺎ\"‪ ،‬وﻛﺬا أﻃﻠﻖ ﻓﻴﻪ اﺑﻦ َﺣ َﺠﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل َأ ْ َﲪ ُﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻨﺎن ‪ :‬رأﻳ ُﺖ َﻋ ْﺒ َﺪ اﻟ ﱠﺮ ْ َﲪﻦ ﺑﻦ ﻣﻬﺪي ﻻ ﻳﻨﺸﻂ َﳊ ِﺪﻳﺚ َﺟ ْﻌ َﻔﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻠﻴ َﲈن‪َ .‬ﻗﺎ َل اﺑ ُﻦ ﺳﻨﺎن ‪ :‬وأﻧﺎ أﺳﺘﺜﻘﻞ َﺣ ِﺪﻳﺜﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫َو َﻗﺎ َل َأ ُﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺑﻦ إِ ْﺳ َﺤﺎق ‪ :‬ﻓﻴﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫َو َﻗﺎ َل اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨﺎ ِر ّي ِﰲ اﻟ ﱡﻀ َﻌ َﻔﺎء ‪ :‬ﳜﺎﻟﻒ ِﰲ ﺑﻌﺾ َﺣ ِﺪﻳﺜﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫َو َﻗﺎ َل اﺑ ُﻦ ا َﳉ ْﻮ ِز ّي ‪\" :‬ﰲ ﺑﻌ ِﺾ َﺣ ِﺪﻳﺜﻪ ﻣﻨﻜﺮ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎن ﻳﺒﻐﺾ أﺑﺎ ﺑﻜﺮ وﻋﻤﺮ\"‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻞ َﳉ ْﻌ َﻔﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻠﻴ َﲈن زﻋﻤﻮا أﻧﻚ ﺗﺴﺐ أﺑﺎ ﺑﻜﺮ وﻋﻤﺮ‪َ ،‬ﻓ َﻘﺎ َل ‪ :‬أ ﱠﻣﺎ اﻟﺴﺐ ﻓﻼ وﻟﻜﻦ ﺑﻐﻀﺎ ﺑﺂﻟﻚ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﻨﻘﻞ اﺑﻦ َﻋ ِﺪي ﻗﻮل اﻟ ﱠﺴﺎ ِﺟﻲ ﻣﻌﻘ ًﺒﺎ ‪ :‬وأ ﱠﻣﺎ اﳊﻜﺎﻳﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ روﻳﺖ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻳﻌﻨﻲ ﻫﺬه اﳊﻜﺎﻳﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ذﻛﺮﲥﺎ إﻧ َﲈ ﻋﻨﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺎرﻳﻦ ﻛﺎﻧﺎ ﻟـﻪ وﻗـﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﺄذى ﲠ َﲈ ﻳﻜﻨﻰ أﺣﺪ َﳘﺎ أﺑﺎ ﺑﻜﺮ وﻳﺴﻤﻰ اﻵﺧﺮ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻓﺴﺌﻞ ﻋﻨﻬ َﲈ َﻓ َﻘﺎ َل اﻟﺴﺐ ﻻ وﻟﻜﻦ ﺑﻐﻀﺎ ﺑﺂﻟﻚ وﱂ ﻳﻌﻦ ﺑﻪ اﻟ ﱠﺸ ْﻴﺨﲔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻘﺐ اﻟ ﱠﺬ َﻫﺒِ ّﻲ َﻋ َﲆ ﻫﺬه اﳊﻜﺎﻳﺔ ﺑﻘﻮﻟﻪ ‪َ \" :‬ﻣﺎ َﻫ َﺬا ﺑﺒﻌﻴﺪ ﻓﺈن ﺟﻌﻔ ًﺮا ﻗﺪ روى َأ َﺣﺎ ِدﻳﺚ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻨﺎﻗﺐ اﻟ ﱠﺸ ْﻴﺨﲔ َر ِ َﴈ اﷲُ َﻋ ْﻨ ُﻬ َﲈ\"‪.‬‬ ‫َﻗﺎ َل اﺑ ُﻦ اﻟ َﻘ ﱠﻄﺎن ‪ :‬ﻳﻀﻌﻒ‪َ ،‬و ُﻫ َﻮ َراﻓِ ِﴤ‪َ ،‬وإِن َﻛﺎ َن ﻗﺪ أﺧﺮج َﻟ ُﻪ ُﻣ ْﺴﻠِ ٌﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫وأﺷﺎر اﻟ ُﻌ َﻘ ْﻴِ ّﲇ إِ َﱃ أ ﱠن َﺟ ْﻌ َﻔ َﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻠﻴ َﲈن اﻟﻀﺒﻌﻲ ﺗﻔﺮد َﲠ َﺬا ا َْﳊ ِﺪﻳﺚ‪ ،‬وﰲ ﺣﻔﻈﻪ ﳾء‪ ،‬وﻗﺎل ‪\" :‬واﻟﺮواﻳﺔ ِﰲ َﻫـ َﺬا اﻟ َﺒـﺎب ﻣﺘﻘﺎرﺑـﺔ ِﰲ‬ ‫اﻟﻀﻌﻒ\"‪.‬‬ ‫و َ ﱠﴏ َح اﺑ ُﻦ َﻋ ْﺒ ِﺪ اﻟ َ ﱢﱪ ﺑ َﺬﻟِ َﻚ ﺑﻘﻮﻟﻪ ‪ :‬ﱂ ﻳﺮوه اﻻ َﺟ ْﻌ َﻔﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻠﻴ َﲈن‪ ،‬وﻟﻴﺲ ﺑﺤﺠﺔ ﻋﻨﺪﻫﻢ ﻓﻴﲈ اﻧﻔﺮد ﺑﻪ ﻟﺴﻮء ﺣﻔﻈﻪ وﻛﺜﺮة ﻏﻠﻄـﻪ‪ ،‬وإن‬ ‫ﻛﺎن رﺟ ًﻼ ﺻﺎ ًﳊﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻘ َﺐ اﺑ ُﻦ َﺣ َﺠﺮ ﺑﻘﻮﻟﻪ ‪ :‬وﺗﻌﻘﺐ ﺑﺄن أﺑﺎ داود واﻟ ﱢ ْﱰ ِﻣ ِﺬ ّي أﺧﺮﺟﺎه ﻣﻦ رواﻳﺔ ﺻﺪﻗﺔ ﺑﻦ ﻣﻮﺳﻰ ﻋﻦ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ وﺻﺪﻗﺔ ﺑﻦ ﻣﻮﺳﻰ وأن ﻛﺎن‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻪ ﻣﻘﺎل َﻟ ِﻜﻦ ﺗﺒﲔ أن ﺟﻌﻔ ًﺮا ﱂ ﻳﻨﻔﺮد ﺑﻪ وﻗﺪ أﺧﺮج اﺑﻦ َﻣﺎﺟﻪ ﻧﺤﻮه ﻣﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ َﻋِ ّﲇ ﺑﻦ زﻳﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺟﺪﻋﺎن ﻋﻦ أﻧﺲ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ ‪ :‬ﻫﻮ َﺻ ُﺪوق أﻗﺮب إِ َﱃ اﻟ ﱢﺜ َﻘﺔ‪ ،‬وﻻ ُﻳ ْﻘ َﺒ ُﻞ َﺣ ِﺪﻳ ُﺜﻪ إذا َﺗ َﻔ ﱠﺮ َد‪.‬‬ ‫ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪ :‬اﻟ ﱠﻄ َﺒ َﻘﺎ ِت اﻟ َﻜﺒِﲑ‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ ﺳﻌﺪ‪ ،(289/7) ،‬و َﺗﺎ ِرﻳ َﺦ ا ْﺑﻦ َﻣ ِﻌﲔ )رواﻳﺔ اﻟ ﱡﺪو ِر ّي(‪ ،(130 /4) ،‬وﻣﻦ ﻛﻼم َأ ِﰊ زﻛﺮﻳﺎ ﳛﻴﻰ ْﺑـﻦ‬ ‫َﻣ ِﻌﲔ ِﰲ اﻟﺮﺟﺎل‪ ،‬رواﻳﺔ اﺑـﻦ ﻃﻬـ َﲈن‪ ،(68) ،‬و ُﺳـ َﺆا َﻻ ِت اﺑـﻦ ﺷـﻴﺒﺔ ﻟ َﻌـِ ّﲇ ﺑـﻦ ا َﳌـ ِﺪﻳﻨِ ّﻲ‪) ،‬ص ‪ ،(53‬اﻟ َﺘـﺎ ِرﻳ َﺦ اﻟﻜﺒـﲑ‪ ،‬ﻟﻠﺒﺨـﺎري‪،‬‬ ‫)‪،(192/2‬وﻋﻠ َﻞ َأ َﺣﺎ ِدﻳﺚ ِﰲ َﺻ ِﺤﻴﺢ ُﻣ ْﺴ ِﻠﻢ‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ ﻋ ﱠﲈر‪) ،‬ص‪ ،(87‬وﻣﻌﺮﻓ َﺔ اﻟ ﱢﺜ َﻘﺎت‪ ،‬ﻟﻠ ِﻌ ْﺠـِ ّﲇ‪ ،(268/2) ،‬وأﺣـﻮا َل اﻟﺮﺟـﺎل‪،‬‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺠﻮزﺟـﺎﲏ‪) ،‬ص ‪ ،(110‬وا َْﳌ ْﻌ ِﺮ َﻓـ َﺔ َواﻟ َﺘـﺎ ِرﻳﺦ‪ ،‬ﻟِ َﻴ ْﻌ ُﻘـﻮب ﺑـ ِﻦ ُﺳـ ْﻔ َﻴﺎن اﻟ َﻔ َﺴـ ِﻮ ّي‪ ،(169 /1) ،‬واﻟ ﱡﻀـ َﻌ َﻔﺎ َء اﻟ َﻜﺒِـﲑ‪ ،‬ﻟﻠ ُﻌ ِﻘـ ْﻴِ ّﲇ‪،‬‬ ‫)‪ ،(593 /2‬وا َْﳉ ْﺮ َح َواﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﻌ ِﺪﻳﻞ‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ َأ ِﰊ َﺣﺎﺗِﻢ‪ ،(481 /2) ،‬و َﺗﺎ ِرﻳ َﺦ أﺳ َﲈء اﻟ ﱢﺜ َﻘﺎت‪) ،‬ص‪َ ،(87‬وذﻛﺮ ﻣﻦ ا ْﺧ َﺘ َﻠ َﻒ اﻟ ُﻌ َﻠـ َﲈء وﻧﻘـﺎد‬ ‫ا َْﳊ ِﺪﻳﺚ ﻓﻴﻪ‪) ،‬ص‪ ،(78‬ﻛﻼﳘﺎ ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ ﺷﺎﻫﲔ‪ ،‬واﻟ ﱢﺜ َﻘـﺎ ِت‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑـ ِﻦ ِﺣ ﱠﺒـﺎن‪ ،(140 /6) ،‬واﻟﻜﺎﻣـ َﻞ ِﰲ اﻟ ﱡﻀـ َﻌ َﻔﺎء‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑـ ِﻦ ﻋـﺪي‪/2) ،‬‬ ‫‪ ،(149‬واﻻﺳﺘﺬﻛﺎ َر‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ َﻋ ْﺒﺪ اﻟﱪ‪ ،(243 /26) ،‬واﻟ ﱡﻀ َﻌ َﻔﺎ َء َواﳌَ ْ ُﱰو ِﻛﲔ‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ ا َﳉ ْﻮ ِز ّي‪ ،(171 /1) ،‬وﺑﻴﺎ َن اﻟـﻮﻫﻢ واﻹﳞـﺎم‪،‬‬ ‫ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ اﻟ َﻘ ﱠﻄﺎن‪ ،(169 /5) ،‬وﴍ َح اﻟﻨﱠ َﻮ ِو ّي َﻋ َﲆ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ‪ ،(150 /3) ،‬وا ْﻟ َﻜﺎ ِﺷ َﻒ‪ ،(294 /1) ،‬واﳌﻐﻨﻲ ِﰲ اﻟ ﱡﻀ َﻌ َﻔﺎء‪،(209 /1) ،‬‬ ‫وﻣﻴﺰا َن اﻻﻋﺘﺪال‪َ ،(137 /2) ،‬و ِذ ْﻛـ َﺮ أﺳـ َﲈء ﻣـﻦ ﺗﻜﻠـﻢ ﻓﻴـﻪ وﻫـﻮ ﻣﻮﺛـﻖ‪) ،‬ص ‪ ،(60‬ﻟﻠـ ﱠﺬ َﻫﺒِ ّﻲ‪ ،‬واﻟ َﺒـ ْﺪ َر ا ُﳌﻨِـﲑ‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑـ ِﻦ ا ُﳌ َﻠ ﱢﻘـﻦ‪،‬‬ ‫)‪ ،(502/1‬و َﻓ ْﺘ َﺢ اﻟ َﺒـﺎ ِر ّي‪َ ،(346/10) ،‬و َﺗ َﻘ ِﺮﻳـ َﺐ اﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﻬـ ِﺬﻳﺐ‪ ،(942) ،‬ﻛﻼﳘـﺎ ﻻ ْﺑـ ِﻦ َﺣ َﺠـﺮ‪ ،‬و َﻃ َﺒ َﻘـﺎ ِت اﳊﻔـﺎظ‪ ،‬ﻟﻠ ّﺴـ ُﻴﻮ ِﻃ ّﻲ‪،‬‬ ‫)ص ‪ ،(111‬وﻣﺮﻋﺎ َة اﳌﻔﺎﺗﻴﺢ‪ ،‬ﻟﻠﻤﺒﺎرﻛﻔﻮري‪= .(208/4) ،‬‬ ‫‪282‬‬

‫َﻗﺎ َل َﺷ ْﻴ ُﺨ َﻨﺎ ‪ :‬ﻻ ﻳﻨﺒﻐﻲ أن ﻳﻌﻠﻢ)‪َ (2‬ذﻟِ َﻚ ﳌُ ْﺴﻠِ ٍﻢ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈ ّن ُﻣ ْﺴﻠِ ًﲈ ﱂ ﳜﺮج ا َﳌ ْﺮ ُﻓﻮع ﻳ َﻌﻨـﻲ ﴏ ًﳛـﺎ‪ ،‬وإﻧـ َﲈ ﺧـﺮج‬ ‫\" ُو ﱢﻗ َﺖ َﻟﻨَﺎ\")‪ ،(3‬وﻗﺪ َﻗﺎ َل اﳌُ َﺼﻨﱢ ُﻒ ِﰲ ﻋﻼﻣ ِﺔ اﻟﻨﱠ َﺴﺎﺋِ ّﻲ ‪َ :‬وﻓِﻴ ِﻪ ‪ُ \" :‬و ﱢﻗﺖ َﻟﻨَﺎ\")‪ ،(4‬ﻓ َﻜﺎ َن ﻳﻨﺒﻐـﻲ أن ﻳﻨﺒـﻪ َﻋـ َﲆ َذﻟِـ َﻚ ِﰲ‬ ‫َﺣ ِﺪﻳ ِﺚ ُﻣ ْﺴﻠِﻢ‪ ،‬وﻗﺪ أ َﺷﺎ َر َأ ُﺑﻮ َداوود إِ َﱃ ِر َوا َﻳ ِﺔ َﺟﻌﻔﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻠﻴ َﲈن‪َ ،‬ﻓ َﻘﺎ َل ‪َ \" :‬ر َوا ُه َﺟ ْﻌ َﻔـ ُﺮ ْﺑـ ُﻦ ُﺳـ َﻠ ْﻴ َﲈ َن‪َ ،‬ﻋـﻦ َأﺑِـﻰ‬ ‫ِﻋ ْﻤ َﺮا َن‪َ ،‬ﻋﻦ َأ َﻧ ٍﺲ‪َ ،‬ﱂْ َﻳ ْﺬ ُﻛ ِﺮ اﻟﻨﱠﺒِ ﱠﻰ َﺻ ﱠﲆ ا ُﷲ َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴ ِﻪ َو َﺳ ﱠﻠ َﻢ\")‪.(5‬‬ ‫ﻓﻘﻮل ا ُﳌ َﺼﻨﱢﻒ ‪َ :‬و َﻗﺎ َل اﻟ ﱢ ْﱰ ِﻣ ِﺬ ّي ‪َ \" :‬ﻫ َﺬا َأ َﺻ ﱡﺢ ِﻣ ْﻦ ا ْﻷَ ﱠو ِل\")‪ ،(7)(6‬ﱂ ﻳﺴـﺒﻖ اﻷول‪ ،‬واﻷول ُﻫـ َﻮ اﻟﺮﻓـﻊ)‪،(8‬‬ ‫و َﻛﺎ َن ﻳﻨﺒﻐﻲ اﻟﺘﻨﺒﻴﻪ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫َو ِﻣ ْﻦ َذﻟِ َﻚ َﻣﺎ َﻛ َﺘ َﺒ ُﻪ َﻋ َﲆ ﺗﺮﲨ ِﺔ َﻋ ْﺒ ِﺪ اﷲِ ْﺑ ِﻦ ُﻋ َﻤ َﺮ ْﺑـ ِﻦ ا َْﳋ ﱠﻄـﺎب‪َ ،‬ﻋـﻦ ﺑِـ َﻼ ِل ْﺑـ ِﻦ َر َﺑـﺎ ٍح َر ِ َﴈ ا ُﷲ َﻋ ْﻨـ ُﻪ ِﰲ‬ ‫َﺣ ِﺪﻳﺚ ‪ :‬أن اﻟ ﱠﻨﺒِ ّﻲ َﺻ ﱠﲆ)‪ (9‬اﷲُﱠ َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴ ِﻪ َو َﺳ ﱠﻠ َﻢ َﺻ ﱠﲆ ِﰲ ا ْﻟ َﺒ ْﻴ ِﺖ َﺑ ْ َﲔ ا ْﻟ َﻌ ُﻤﻮ َد ْﻳ ِﻦ)‪.(11)(10‬‬ ‫َﻗﺎ َل َﺷ ْﻴ ُﺨ َﻨﺎ ‪ِ :‬ذ ْﻛ ُﺮ َﺣ ِﺪﻳﺚ ُ َﳎﺎ ِﻫﺪ ﻣﻊ َﺣ ِﺪﻳ ِﺚ ﻧﺎﻓﻊ ﻻ ﻳﻨﺎﺳﺐ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈن ِﰲ َﺣ ِﺪﻳﺚ ﻧﺎﻓﻊ)‪(13) (12‬أن اﺑـﻦ ﻋﻤـﺮ َﻗـﺎ َل‪:‬‬ ‫َﻧ ِﺴﻴ ُﺖ َأ ْن َأ ْﺳﺄَﻟَ ُﻪ َﻛ ْﻢ َﺻ ﱠﲆ؟)‪ ،(14‬و ِﰲ َﺣ ِﺪﻳﺚ ﳎﺎﻫﺪ ‪ :‬إ ﱠن ﺑﻼ ًﻻ أﺧ َﱪ َﻋ ْﺒ َﺪ ا ِﷲ ﺑﻦ ُﻋ َﻤ َﺮ أ ﱠن اﻟ ﱠﻨﺒِ ّﻲ ﺻﲆ )‪(1‬اﷲ ﻋﻠﻴـﻪ وﺳـﻠﻢ‬ ‫= )‪ْ ُ (1‬ﲢ َﻔﺔ ا ْﻷَ ْ َﴍا ِف‪.(282/1) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ِ (2‬ﰲ )ب( \"ﺗﻌﻠﻢ\"‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (3‬ﺻﺤﻴ ُﺢ ُﻣ ْﺴ ِﻠﻢ ‪) :‬ص‪ِ (2) ،(128‬ﻛ َﺘﺎ ُب اﻟ ﱠﻄ َﻬﺎ َر ِة‪َ (16) ،‬ﺑﺎ ُب ِﺧ َﺼﺎ ِل ا ْﻟ ِﻔ ْﻄ َﺮ ِة‪.(258/51) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ (4‬اﻟ ﱡﺴﻨ ُﻦ اﻟﻜﱪى ﻟﻠﻨﺴﺎﺋﻲ ‪.(15/79/1) :‬‬ ‫واﻹﺳﻨﺎد ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﳌﺎ ﺗﻘﺪم ﻣﻦ ﺗﻮﺛﻴﻖ رواﺗﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ُ (5‬ﺳﻨَ ُﻦ َأ ِﰊ َدا ُود ‪) :‬ص‪ (27) ،(625‬ﻛِ َﺘﺎ ُب اﻟﱰﺟﻞ‪َ (16) ،‬ﺑﺎب ِﰲ َأ ْﺧ ِﺬ اﻟ ﱠﺸﺎ ِر ِب‪ ،(4200) ،‬وﺻﺤﺢ َأ ُﺑﻮ داود \" ُو ﱢﻗ َﺖ َﻟﻨَﺎ\"‪ ،‬ﺑﻤﺜﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎرة اﻟ ﱢ ْﱰ ِﻣ ِﺬ ّي‪.‬‬ ‫واﻹﺳﻨﺎد ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﳌﺎ ﺗﻘﺪم ﻣﻦ ﺗﻮﺛﻴﻖ رواﺗﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (6‬ﲢﻔﺔ اﻷﴍاف‪.(408/3) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ُ (7‬ﺳ َﻨ ُﻦ اﻟ ﱢ ْﱰ ِﻣ ِﺬ ّي ‪) :‬ص‪ِ (41) ،(620‬ﻛ َﺘﺎ ُب ا َﻷ َد ِب َﻋﻦ َر ُﺳﻮ ِل ا ِﷲ َﺻ ﱠﲆ اﷲُ َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴ ِﻪ َو َﺳ ﱠﻠﻢ‪َ (15) ،‬ﺑﺎ ُب ِﰲ اﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﻮ ِﻗﻴ ِﺖ ِﰲ َﺗ ْﻘ ِﻠﻴ ِﻢ ا ْ َﻷ ْﻇ َﻔـﺎ ِر‬ ‫َو َأ ْﺧ ِﺬ اﻟ ﱠﺸﺎ ِر ِب‪.(2785) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ (8‬ﻛﻠﻤﺔ \"اﻟﺮﻓﻊ\" ﻛﺮرت ِﰲ )ب( ِﰲ آﺧﺮ اﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ ‪/71‬ب‪ ،‬وأول اﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ ‪/71‬أ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻠﻴﻬﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (9‬ﻛﺘﺒﺖ \"ﺻﲇ\" ﺑﻴﺎء وﻏﲑ واﺿﺤﺔ ِﰲ )ب(‪ ،‬ﻓﻜﺘﺐ َﻋ َﲆ ﻳﻤﲔ اﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ ِﰲ ا َﳊﺎ ِﺷ َﻴ ِﺔ \"ﺑﻴﺎن ﺻﲆ\"‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ِ (10‬ﰲ )ب( \"اﻟﻌﻤﺮﺗﲔ\" ﺧﻄﺄ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ْ ُ (11‬ﲢ َﻔ ُﺔ ا ْﻷَ ْ َﴍا ِف‪.(107/2) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ (12‬ﻛﻠﻤﺔ ﻧﺎﻓﻊ\" ﺳﺎﻗﻄﺔ ﻣﻦ )ب(‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (13‬ﻛﻠﻤﺔ \"أن\" أﳊﻘﺖ ِﰲ )أ( َﻋ َﲆ َﻳ َﺴﺎ ِر اﻟ ﱠﺼ ْﻔ َﺤ ِﺔ ِﰲ ا َﳊﺎ ِﺷ َﻴ ِﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪َ (14‬ﺻ ِﺤﻴ ُﺢ اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨﺎ ِر ّي ‪ِ (56) ،(621/2) :‬ﻛ َﺘﺎ ُب ا ِْﳉ َﻬﺎ ِد َواﻟ ﱢﺴ َ ِﲑ‪َ (127) ،‬ﺑﺎ ُب اﻟ ﱢﺮ ْد ِف َﻋ َﲆ ا ِْﳊ َﲈ ِر‪ِ ،(2988) ،‬ﻣـ ْﻦ َﻃ ِﺮﻳـ ِﻖ اﻟ ﱠﻠ ْﻴـ ِﺚ‪،‬‬ ‫َﻋـﻦ ُﻳـﻮ ُﻧ َﺲ‪ ،‬وا ْﻧ ُﻈـ ْﺮ ا ْ َﻷ ْر َﻗـﺎم ‪َ ،(4400 ،4289 ،468) :‬ﺻـ ِﺤﻴ ُﺢ ُﻣ ْﺴـ ِﻠﻢ ‪ِ (15) ،(525 ،524) :‬ﻛ َﺘـﺎب ا َْﳊـ ﱢﺞ‪َ (68) ،‬ﺑـﺎ ُب=‬ ‫‪283‬‬

‫ﺻﲆ ِﰲ اﻟﻜﻌﺒﺔ رﻛﻌﺘﲔ‪ُ ،‬ﺛ ﱠﻢ ﺧﺮج ﻳﺼﲇ)‪ِ(3) (2‬ﰲ وﺟﻪ اﻟﻜﻌﺒﺔ)‪َ ،(4‬ذﻟِ َﻚ ﻓ َﻜﺎ َن ﻳﻨﺒﻐﻲ أن ﻳﺬﻛﺮ َذ ِﻟ َﻚ؛ ﻟﻴﻌﻠﻢ َﻣـﺎ اﻧﻔـﺮد ﺑـﻪ‬ ‫ﳎﺎﻫﺪ‪َ ،‬ﻋﻦ ﻧﺎﻓﻊ)‪.(5‬‬ ‫َو ِﻣ ْﻦ َذﻟِ َﻚ َﻣﺎ َﻛ َﺘ َﺒ ُﻪ ِﰲ َﺗ ْﺮ َ َﲨ ِﺔ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ َﻋِ ّﲇ ﺑﻦ اﳊﺴﲔ َﻋﻦ َﺟﺎﺑِ ٍﺮ ‪ :‬ﱂ ﻳﱰﺟ ْﻢ ﻟ َﻌ ْﺒ ِﺪ اﻟ َﻜ ِﺮﻳ ِﻢ ا َﳉ َﺰ ِر ّي)‪َ ،(6‬ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ َﻋِ ّﲇ ﺑﻦ اﳊﺴﲔ‪َ ،‬ﻋﻦ َﺟﺎﺑِ ٍﺮ)‪َ ،(7‬و َو َﻗ َﻊ ِﰲ ﻛِ َﺘﺎ ِب ُﻣ ْﺴﻠِ ٍﻢ ِﰲ ﻧﺴﺨ ِﺔ اﺑ ِﻦ)‪َ (8‬ﻣﺎﻫﺎن)‪َ : (9‬ﺣ ﱠﺪ َﺛﻨِﻰ ُ َﳏ ﱠﻤ ُﺪ ْﺑـ ُﻦ َأ ْ َﲪـﺪ‬ ‫ا ْﺑ ِﻦ َأﺑِﻰ َﺧ َﻠ ٍﻒ)‪َ ،(10‬ﻗﺎ َل ‪َ :‬ﺣ ﱠﺪ َﺛ َﻨﺎ َز َﻛ ِﺮ ﱠﻳﺎ ُء ْﺑ ُﻦ َﻋ ِﺪ ﱟي)‪َ ،(1‬ﻗﺎ َل ‪َ :‬ﺣ ﱠﺪ َﺛ َﻨﺎ ُﻋ َﺒ ْﻴ ُﺪ اﷲِ ْﺑ ُﻦ َﻋ ْﻤ ٍﺮو)‪َ ،(2‬ﻋﻦ َﻋ ْﺒـﺪ ا ْﻟ َﻜـ ِﺮﻳ ِﻢ‪َ ،‬ﻋـﻦ‬ ‫=ا ْﺳﺘِ ْﺤ َﺒﺎ ِب ُد ُﺧﻮ ِل ا ْﻟ َﻜ ْﻌ َﺒ ِﺔ ِﻟ ْﻠ َﺤﺎ ﱢج َو َﻏ ْ ِﲑ ِه َواﻟ ﱠﺼ َﻼة ﻓِﻴ َﻬﺎ َواﻟ ﱡﺪ َﻋﺎ ِء ﻓِﻴﻨَ َﻮا ِﺣﻴ َﻬﺎ ُﻛ ﱢﻠ َﻬﺎ‪ ،(1329 /392 -390) ،‬ﻛﻼﳘﺎ ِﻣ ْﻦ َﻃ ِﺮﻳ ِﻖ َ ﱠﲪﺎد‬ ‫ﺑﻦ زﻳﺪ‪َ ،‬ﻋﻦ َأ ﱡﻳﻮب‪.‬‬ ‫ﻛﻼ َﳘﺎ – ُﻳﻮ ُﻧﺲ و َأ ﱡﻳﻮب‪َ -‬ﻋﻦ ﻧﺎﻓﻊ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (1‬ﻛﺘﺒﺖ ﻟﻔﻆ اﳉﻼﻟﺔ \"اﷲ\" َﻋ َﲆ َﻳ َﺴﺎ ِر اﻟ ﱠﺼ ْﻔ َﺤ ِﺔ ِﰲ ا َﳊﺎ ِﺷ َﻴ ِﺔ‪ ،‬و َذﻟِ َﻚ ﻣﺮاﻋﺎة ﻟﻠﺘﻨﺴﻴﻖ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ِ (2‬ﰲ )ب( \"ﻓﺼﲆ\"‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ِ (3‬ﰲ )ب( \"ﻣﻦ\"‪ُ ،‬ﺛ ﱠﻢ ﻛﺘﺐ َﻋ َﲆ َﻳ َﺴﺎ ِر اﻟ ﱠﺼ ْﻔ َﺤ ِﺔ ِﰲ ا َﳊﺎ ِﺷ َﻴ ِﺔ \"ﺻﻮاب ِﰲ\"‪.‬‬ ‫)‪َ (4‬ﺻ ِﺤﻴ ُﺢ اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨﺎ ِر ّي ‪ (8) ،(89/1) :‬ﻛِ َﺘـﺎ ُب اﻟ ﱠﺼـ َﻼة‪َ (30) ،‬ﺑـﺎ ُب َﻗـ ْﻮ ِل ا ِﷲ َﺗ َﻌـﺎ َﱃ ‪،(397) ،º¹ ¸¶µ´ :‬‬ ‫وا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪.(1167) :‬‬ ‫)‪ (5‬وﳑﱠﺎ َﻗﺎ َﻟﻪ اﺑ ُﻦ َﺣ َﺠﺮ ِﰲ ﻧﻜﺘِ ِﻪ اﻟﻈﺮاف‪َ ،(107/2) ،‬ﻋ َﲆ َذ ِﻟ َﻚ ‪َ \" :‬ﻋ ﱠﻠ َﻖ اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨﺎ ِر ﱡي رواﻳـ َﺔ اﻟ ﱠﻠﻴـ ِﺚ أﻳ ًﻀـﺎ َﻋـﻦ ﻳـﻮﻧﺲ ِﰲ ﻏـﺰوة اﻟﻔـﺘﺢ‬ ‫)اﳌﻐﺎزي(‪ .‬وﻃﺮﻳﻖ إﺑﺮاﻫﻴﻢ ﺑﻦ اﳌﻨﺬر‪ ،‬وﻛﺬا ﻣﻮﺳﻰ‪َ ،‬ﻋﻦ ﺟﻮﻳﺮﻳﺔ إ ﱠﻧ َﲈ َﳘﺎ ِﰲ اﻟ ﱠﺼ َﻼة‪ ،‬ﻻ ِﰲ اﳌﻐﺎزي‪.‬‬ ‫وﻛ َﺬ ِﻟ َﻚ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ َﻋ ْﺒﺪ اﷲِ ﺑﻦ ﻳﻮﻧﺲ‪َ ،‬ﻋﻦ َﻣﺎ ِﻟﻚ ِﰲ اﻟ ﱠﺼ َﻼة‪َ ،‬و َﻗﺎ َل ﺑﻌﺪ َﳘﺎ ‪َ :‬و َﻗﺎ َل إﺳ َﲈﻋﻴﻞ ‪َ :‬ﻋﻦ َﻣﺎﻟﻚ‪ ...‬ﻓﺬﻛﺮ ﻟﻔﻈﻪ\"‪.‬‬ ‫وراﺟﻊ ‪َ :‬ﺻ ِﺤﻴ َﺢ اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨﺎ ِر ّي ‪ (64) ،(878/2) :‬ﻛِ َﺘﺎب اﳌَ َﻐﺎ ِزي‪َ (49) ،‬ﺑﺎ ُب ُد ُﺧﻮ ِل اﻟ ﱠﻨﺒِ ّﻲ َﺻـ ﱠﲆ ا ُﷲ َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴـ ِﻪ َو َﺳـ ﱠﻠ َﻢ ِﻣـ ْﻦ َأﻋـﲆ َﻣ ﱠﻜـﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫)‪ ،(4289‬اﻟﻄﺮﻳﻖ اﳌﻌﻠﻘﺔ‪ ،‬وﻃﺮﻳﻖ ُﻣﻮ َﺳﻰ ْﺑﻦ إِ ْﺳ َﲈ ِﻋﻴ َﻞ‪ ،‬و َﻋ ْﺒﺪ ا ِﷲ ْﺑﻦ ُﻳﻮ ُﺳ َﻒ‪ ،‬وإِ ْﺑ َﺮا ِﻫﻴﻢ ْﺑﻦ اﳌُ ْﻨ ِﺬ ِر‪َ ،‬ﻋ َﲆ اﻟﺘـﻮاﱄ ‪(8) ،(108/1) :‬‬ ‫ﻛِ َﺘﺎب اﻟ ﱠﺼ َﻼة‪َ (96) ،‬ﺑﺎ ُب اﻟ ﱠﺼ َﻼة َﺑ ْ َﲔ اﻟ ﱠﺴ َﻮا ِري ِﰲ َﻏ ْﲑ َ َﲨﺎ َﻋ ٍﺔ‪َ (97) ،‬ﺑﺎب‪.(506 ،505 ،504) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ُ (6‬ﻫ َﻮ َأ ُﺑﻮ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ‪ ،‬اﺑﻦ َﻣﺎﻟﻚ‪ ،‬اﳊﺮاﲏ‪ ،‬اﳋﴬﻣﻲ‪.‬‬ ‫و ُﻫﻮ ﺛِ َﻘﺔ‪ ،‬ﱂ ﻳﻘﺪح ﻓِﻴﻪ أﺣﺪ إﻻ َﻣﺎ َﻛﺎ َن ﻣﻦ ﻳﻌﻘﻮب ﺑﻦ َأ ِﰊ ﺷﻴﺒﺔ‪ِ ،‬ﰲ َﻗ ْﻮ ِﻟ ِﻪ ‪ :‬إِ َﱃ اﻟﻀﻌﻒ َﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ‪ ،‬وﻗﺪ َﻗﺎ َل ﺑﻌﺪ َذ ِﻟ َﻚ ‪َ :‬ﺻ ُﺪوق ﺛِ َﻘﺔ‪ ،‬وﻗﺪ‬ ‫روى َﻣﺎ ِﻟﻚ َﻋﻨﻪ‪ ،‬و َﻛﺎ َن ﳑﻦ ﻳﻨﺘﻘﻲ اﻟﺮﺟﺎل‪.‬‬ ‫ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪ْ َ :‬ﲥ ِﺬﻳ َﺐ ا ْﻟ َﻜ َﲈل‪ ،‬ﻟﻠ ِﻤ ﱢﺰ ّي‪َ ،(256 /18) ،‬و َﺗ َﻘ ِﺮﻳ َﺐ اﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﻬ ِﺬﻳﺐ‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ َﺣ َﺠﺮ‪.(4154) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ (7‬ﻋﺒﺎرة \"ﱂ ﻳﱰﺟﻢ ﻟ َﻌ ْﺒﺪ اﻟ َﻜ ِﺮﻳﻢ ا َﳉ َﺰ ِر ّي َﻋﻦ ُ َﳏ ﱠﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ َﻋِ ّﲇ ﺑﻦ ا ُﳊ َﺴ ْﲔ َﻋﻦ ﺟﺎﺑﺮ\" ﺳﺎﻗﻄﺔ ﻣﻦ )ب(‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (8‬ﻛﺘﺒﺖ ِﰲ )أ( \"ﺑﻦ\" ﺧﻄﺄ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ُ (9‬ﻫ َﻮ َأ ُﺑﻮ اﻟ َﻌ َﻼ ِء‪َ ،‬ﻋ ْﺒﺪ اﻟ َﻮ ﱠﻫﺎ ِب ْﺑ ِﻦ ِﻋﻴ َﺴﻰ ْﺑ ِﻦ َﻋ ْﺒﺪ اﻟ ﱠﺮ ْ َﲪﻦ ْﺑ ِﻦ ِﻋﻴ َﺴﻰ ْﺑ ِﻦ َﻣﺎ َﻫﺎن اﻟ َﻔﺎ ِر ِ ﱢﳼ‪ ،‬اﻟ َﺒ ْﻐـ َﺪاد ﱢي‪ ،‬ﺳـﻜﻦ ﻣﴫـ إِ َﱃ ﺣـﲔ وﻓﺎﺗـﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫وﺣﺪثﲠﺎﺑﻜِ َﺘﺎباﻟ ﱠﺼ ِﺤﻴﺢﳌﺴﻠﻢﺑﻦاﳊﺠﺎجاﻟﻨﻴﺴﺎﺑﻮري‪َ ،‬ﻋﻦ َأ ِﰊﺑﻜﺮ َأ ْ َﲪﺪﺑﻦ ُ َﳏ ﱠﻤﺪﺑﻦﳛﻴﻰ اﻷﺷﻘﺮ اﻟﻔﻘﻴﻪ اﻟ ﱠﺸﺎﻓِ ِﻌ ّﻲ‪َ ،‬ﻋﻦ َأ ِﰊ ُ َﳏ ﱠﻤﺪ‬ ‫َأ ْ َﲪﺪﺑﻦ َﻋِ ّﲇﺑﻦا َﳊ َﺴﻦاﻟﻘﻼﻧﴘ‪َ ،‬ﻋﻦ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ‪ ،‬ﺳﻮى ﺛﻼﺛﺔ أﺟﺰاء ﻣﻦ آﺧﺮه‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻧﻪ رواﻫﺎ َﻋﻦ َأ ِﰊ َأ ْ َﲪﺪ اﳉﻠﻮدي َﻋﻦ إﺑﺮاﻫﻴﻢ ﺑﻦ ﺳ ْﻔ َﻴﺎن‬ ‫َﻋﻦ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ‪ ،‬ﺳﻤﻌﻪ ِﻣﻨْ ُﻪ َﲨﺎﻋﺔ ورووه َﻋﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻤﻨﻬﻢ ُ َﳏ ﱠﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﳛﻴﻰ ﺑﻦ اﳊﺬاء‪ ،‬وﳛﻴﻰ ﺑﻦ ُ َﳏ ﱠﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻳﻮﺳـﻒ اﻷﺷـﻌﺮي‪ ،‬و َأ ُﺑـﻮ اﻟ َﻘﺎ ِﺳـﻢ‬ ‫َأ ْ َﲪﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻓﺘﺢ اﳌﻌﺎﻓﺮي‪ ،‬ﻳﻌﺮف ﺑﺎﺑﻦ اﻟﺮﺳﺎن‪ ،‬وأوﴅ اﻟ ﱠﺪا َر ُﻗ ْﻄﻨِ ﱡﻲ أﻫ َﻞ ِﻣ ْ َﴫ أن ﻳﻜﺘﺒﻮا َﺻ ِﺤﻴﺢ ُﻣ ْﺴﻠِﻢ َﻋﻨﻪ‪ُ .‬ﺗ ُﻮ ﱢ َﰲ َﺳ َﻨﺔ ‪387‬ﻫـ‪.‬‬ ‫ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ َﺗ ْﺮ َ َﲨﺘﻪ ِﰲ ‪ :‬اﻟ َﺘﺎ ِرﻳ ِﺦ اﳌﺠﺪد ﳌَ ِﺪﻳ َﻨﺔ اﻟﺴﻼم‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ اﻟﻨﺠﺎر‪ ،(222 /1) ،‬و ِﺳ َ ِﲑ َأ ْﻋ َﻼ ِم اﻟﻨﱡ َﺒ َﻼ ِء‪ ،‬ﻟﻠـ ﱠﺬ َﻫﺒِ ّﻲ‪ ،(535 /16) ،‬و ُﺣ ْﺴـ ِﻦ‬ ‫ا ُﳌ َﺤﺎ َ َﴐ ِة‪ ،‬ﻟﻠ ّﺴ ُﻴﻮﻃِ ّﻲ‪.(371/1) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ُ (10‬ﻫ َﻮ َأ ُﺑﻮ َﻋ ْﺒﺪ ا ِﷲ اﻟ َﺒ ْﻐ َﺪادي‪ ،‬اﻟ َﻘ ِﻄﻴﻌﻲ‪ ،‬اﻟ ﱡﺴ َﻠ ِﻤ ّﻲ‪ُ .‬ﺗ ُﻮ ﱢ َﰲ َﺳ َﻨﺔ ‪237‬ﻫـ‪ ،‬وﻗﻴﻞ ‪236‬ﻫـ‪.‬‬ ‫و ﱠﺛﻘﻮه‪ ،‬إﻻ َﻣﺎ َﻛﺎ َن ﻣﻦ ﻗﻮل اﺑﻦ ِﺣ ﱠﺒﺎن ‪\" :‬رﺑ َﲈ أﺧﻄﺄ\"‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ ‪ :‬ﻫﻮ ﺛﻘﺔ‪=.‬‬ ‫‪284‬‬

‫ُ َﳏ ﱠﻤ ِﺪ ْﺑ ِﻦ َﻋ َﲆ ْﺑ ِﻦ)‪ (3‬ا ُْﳊ َﺴ ْ ِﲔ‪َ ،‬ﻋﻦ َﺟﺎﺑِ ٍﺮ ‪ِ :‬ﺟﻲ َء ﺑِ َﺄ ِﰊ َﻳ ْﻮ َم ُأ ُﺣ ٍﺪ ُ َﳎ ﱠﺪ ًﻋﺎ‪/53 ،‬أ ﻓﺬﻛﺮه)‪َ ،(4‬و َﻗﺎ َل ِﰲ َﺗ ْﺮ َ َﲨ ِﺔ َﻋ ْﺒ ِﺪ اﻟ َﻜ ِﺮﻳ ِﻢ‬ ‫‪َ :‬ﻋﻦ ُ َﳏ ﱠﻤ ِﺪ ْﺑ ِﻦ اﳌُﻨْ َﻜ ِﺪ ِر)‪.(5‬‬ ‫وﻗﻊ ِﰲ ِﻛﺘَﺎ ِب ُﻣ ْﺴﻠِ ٍﻢ ِﰲ ﻧﺴﺨ ِﺔ اﺑ ِﻦ َﻣﺎ َﻫﺎن‪ ،‬ﻛ َﲈ َﻗﺎ َل اﻟ َﻘﺎ ِﴈ ِﻋ َﻴﺎض ‪َ ُ :‬ﳏ ﱠﻤﺪ ْﺑﻦ َﻋ َﲆ ْﺑﻦ ا ُْﳊ َﺴ ْ ِﲔ‪َ ،‬ﻋﻦ َﺟـﺎﺑِ ٍﺮ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺑﺪل ُ َﳏ ﱠﻤﺪ ْﺑﻦ ا ُْﳌﻨْ َﻜ ِﺪ ِر)‪ ،(7)(6‬وﻗﺪ َﻗﺪﻣﺘﻪ ِﰲ ﻣﻮﺿﻌﻪ‪َ ،‬ﻗﺎ َل اﳉﻴﺎﲏ ‪َ :‬واﻟ ﱠﺼ َﻮاب اﻷول)‪ ،(8‬و ُﻫ َﻮ ا ﱠﻟ ِﺬي ذﻛـﺮه أﺑـﻮ ﻣﺴـﻌﻮد‬ ‫اﻟ ﱢﺪ َﻣ ْﺸ ِﻘ ّﻲ‪.‬‬ ‫= ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪ْ َ :‬ﲥ ِﺬﻳ َﺐ ا ْﻟ َﻜ َﲈل‪ ،‬ﻟﻠ ِﻤ ﱢﺰ ّي‪ ،(347 /24) ،‬واﻟ ﱢﺜ َﻘﺎ ِت‪ ،‬ﻻﺑﻦ ِﺣ ﱠﺒﺎن‪َ ،(91/9) ،‬و َﺗ َﻘ ِﺮﻳ َﺐ اﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﻬ ِﺬﻳﺐ‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ َﺣ َﺠﺮ‪.(5711) ،‬‬ ‫)‪َ (1‬أ ُﺑﻮ ﳛﻴﻰ اﻟﻜﻮﰲ‪ُ ،‬ﺗ ُﻮ ﱢ َﰲ َﺳﻨَﺔ ‪211‬ﻫـ‪َ ،‬أ ْو ‪212‬ﻫـ‪.‬‬ ‫أﻃﻠ َﻖ اﻟﻜ ﱡﻞ ﺗﻮﺛﻴ َﻘﻪ إﻻ اﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﺪ‪ ،‬اﻟﺬي وﺻﻔﻪ ﺑﺼﺎﻟ ٍﺢ َﺻ ُﺪوق‪ ،‬وﻟﻜﻦ اﻟﺬي ِﻋ ْﻨﺪ اﳌِ ﱢﺰ ّي َأ ﱠﻧ ُﻪ َﻗﺎ َل أﻳ ًﻀـﺎ ‪ :‬ﺛِ َﻘـﺔ َﻛﺜِـﲑ ا َْﳊـ ِﺪﻳﺚ ِﰲ‬ ‫أﺛﻨﺎء ﻋﺒﺎرﺗﻪ ﺗﻠﻚ‪ ،‬و ُﻫﻮ َﻏ ْﲑ ﻣﻮﺟﻮد ِﰲ اﳌﻄﺒﻮع‪ ،‬و َﻣﺎ َﻛﺎ َن أﻳ ًﻀﺎ ﻣﻦ ا ْﺑﻦ َﻣ ِﻌﲔ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ َﻗﺎ َل ‪ :‬ﻻ َﺑ ْﺄ َس ﺑِ ِﻪ‪ ،‬و َﻣﺎ َﻛﺎ َن ﻣـﻦ َأ ِﰊ ﻧﻌـﻴﻢ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺣﻴﺚ َﻗﺎ َل ‪َ :‬ﻣﺎ ﻟﻪ وﻟﻠ َﺤ ِﺪﻳﺚ‪ ،‬ذاك ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻮراة أﻋﻠﻢ‪ ،‬و َذ ِﻟ َﻚ ﻷ ﱠن أﺑﺎه َﻛﺎ َن ﳞﻮد ًﻳﺎ‪ ،‬وﻗﻴﻞ ‪ :‬ﻧﴫاﻧ ًﻴﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﺬﻛﺮوا َذ ِﻟ َﻚ ﻟﻴﺤﻴﻰ ْﺑﻦ َﻣ ِﻌﲔ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻠﻖ ﺑِ َﻘ ْﻮ ِﻟ ِﻪ اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ‪ ،‬وﻟﻌﻠﻪ ﻋﻠﻞ ﻗﻮل َأ ِﰊ ﻧﻌﻴﻢ ﺑﻘﻮﻟﻪ ‪َ \" :‬ﻛﺎ َن َأ ُﺑﻮ ﻧﻌﻴﻢ َﺻﺎ ِﺣ َﺐ ﻣﺰاح\"‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ ‪ :‬ﻫﻮ ﺛﻘﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪ :‬اﻟ ﱠﻄ َﺒ َﻘﺎ ِت اﻟ َﻜﺒِﲑ‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ ﺳﻌﺪ‪ ،(523/8) ،‬و ُﺳ َﺆا َﻻ ِت اﺑﻦ اﳉﻨﻴﺪ ﻷَ ِﰊ زﻛﺮﻳﺎ ﳛﻴـﻰ ْﺑـﻦ َﻣ ِﻌـﲔ‪) ،‬ص ‪ ،(322‬و َ ْﲥـ ِﺬﻳ َﺐ‬ ‫ا ْﻟ َﻜ َﲈل‪ ،‬ﻟﻠ ِﻤ ﱢﺰ ّي‪.(367 /9) ،‬‬ ‫)‪َ (2‬أ ُﺑﻮ وﻫﺐ اﻟ ﱠﺮ ﱢﻗﻲ ا َﻷ َﺳ ِﺪي‪ُ ،‬ﺗ ُﻮ ﱢ َﰲ َﺳ َﻨﺔ ‪180‬ﻫـ‪.‬‬ ‫ﱂ ﻳﺘﻜﻠﻢ ﻓِﻴﻪ أﺣ ٌﺪ‪ ،‬إﻻ اﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﺪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺒﻌﺪ أن َو ﱠﺛ َﻘﻪ‪َ ،‬ﻗﺎ َل ‪\" :‬رﺑ َﲈ أﺧﻄﺄ\"‪ ،‬وﺗﺒﻌﻪ َﻋـ َﲆ َذ ِﻟـ َﻚ اﺑـﻦ َﺣ َﺠـﺮ‪ ،‬ﺑﻌﺒﺎرﺗـﻪ اﳌﺸـﺎﲠﺔ ‪\" :‬رﺑـ َﲈ‬ ‫وﻫﻢ\"‪َ ،‬و َﻗﺎ َل ﻓِﻴﻪ اﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﺪ أﻳ ًﻀﺎ ‪َ :‬ﻛﺎ َن أﺣﻔﻆ ﻣﻦ روى َﻋﻦ َﻋ ْﺒﺪ اﻟ َﻜ ِﺮﻳﻢ ا َﳉ َﺰ ِر ّي‪ ،‬وﻛﺬا َﻣﺎ َﻗﺎ َﻟﻪ ا ْﺑﻦ َﻣ ِﻌﲔ ﻣﻦ َأ ﱠﻧـ ُﻪ ﻻ َﺑـ ْﺄ َس ﺑِـ ِﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫وﻗﺪ َو ﱠﺛ َﻘﻪ ﴏاﺣﺔ ِﰲ ﻣﻮﺿﻊ آﺧﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ ‪ :‬ﻻ ﻳﻀﲑه َذ ِﻟ َﻚ‪ ،‬وﻻ ﻳﻨﺰﻟﻪ َﻋﻦ اﻟ ﱢﺜ َﻘﺔ‪ ،‬وﺧﺎﺻﺔ ِﰲ َﻫ َﺬا ا َْﳊ ِﺪﻳﺚ‪ ،‬ﺗﺒ ًﻌﺎ َﳌﺎ َﻗﺎ َﻟﻪ اﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﺪ ﻣﻦ َأ ﱠﻧ ُﻪ أﺣﻔﻆ ﻣـﻦ روى َﻋـﻦ َﻋ ْﺒـﺪ‬ ‫اﻟ َﻜ ِﺮﻳﻢ ا َﳉ َﺰ ِر ّي‪.‬‬ ‫ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪ :‬اﻟ ﱠﻄ َﺒ َﻘﺎ ِت اﻟ َﻜﺒِﲑ‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ ﺳﻌﺪ‪ ،(490/9) ،‬و ُﺳ َﺆا َﻻ ِت اﺑﻦ اﳉﻨﻴﺪ ﻷَ ِﰊ زﻛﺮﻳﺎ ﳛﻴﻰ ْﺑﻦ َﻣ ِﻌﲔ‪) ،‬ص ‪ ،(331‬و َﺗﺎ ِرﻳ َﺦ ا ْﺑـﻦ‬ ‫َﻣ ِﻌﲔ‪) ،‬رواﻳﺔ اﻟﺪارﻣﻲ(‪) ،‬ص ‪َ ،(145‬و َﺗ َﻘ ِﺮﻳ َﺐ اﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﻬ ِﺬﻳﺐ‪ ،‬ﻻﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ‪.(4327) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ (3‬ﻋﺒﺎرة \" َﻗﺎ َل ‪َ :‬ﺣ ﱠﺪ َﺛﻨَﺎ زﻛﺮﻳﺎ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺪي‪َ ،‬ﻗﺎ َل َﺣ ﱠﺪ َﺛ َﻨﺎ ﻋﺒﻴﺪ اﷲ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ‪ ،‬و َﻋﻦ َﻋ ْﺒﺪ اﻟ َﻜ ِﺮﻳﻢ َﻋﻦ ُ َﳏ ﱠﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ َﻋِ ّﲇ ﺑﻦ\" ﺳﺎﻗﻄﺔ ﻣﻦ )ب(‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (4‬ﲢﻔ ُﺔ اﻷﴍاف‪ ،(282/2) ،‬ووﺿﻌﺖ اﻟﺮواﻳﺔ ﻫﺬه ﺑﲔ ﻗﻮﺳﲔ ﻛﺒﲑﻳﻦ ﰲ ﲢﻔﺔ اﻷﴍاف‪ ،‬و َﻋ ﱠﻠ َﻖ اﺑ ُﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﰲ اﻟﻨﻜﺖ‬ ‫اﻟﻈﺮاف‪ ،(282/2) ،‬ﺑﺄﳖﺎ ﻣﻦ رواﻳﺔ اﺑﻦ ﻣﺎﻫﺎن ﻻ ﻣﻦ رواﻳﺔ اﳉﻠﻮدي‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (5‬ﲢﻔ ُﺔ اﻷﴍاف‪.(102/3) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ (6‬ﻋﺒﺎرة \" ُ َﳏ ﱠﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ َﻋِ ّﲇ ﺑﻦ ا ُﳊ َﺴ ْﲔ َﻋﻦ ﺟﺎﺑﺮ ﺑﺪل ُ َﳏ ﱠﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ اﳌﻨﻜﺪر\" ﺳﺎﻗﻄﺔ ﻣﻦ )ب(‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (7‬ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪ :‬إﻛ َﲈ َل اﳌﻌﻠﻢ َ ْﴍح َﺻ ِﺤﻴﺢ ُﻣ ْﺴﻠِﻢ‪.(606/7) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ (8‬أي ﻋﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﻜﺮﻳﻢ‪ ،‬ﻋﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ اﳌﻨﻜﺪر‪ ،‬ﻋﻦ ﺟﺎﺑﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫‪285‬‬

‫َو ِﻣ ْﻦ َذﻟِ َﻚ َﻣﺎ َﻛ َﺘﺒَ ُﻪ َﻋ َﲆ َﺣ ِﺪﻳ ِﺚ أﰊ ﺳﻠﻤﺔ َﻋﻦ ﺟﺎﺑﺮ ‪َ \" :‬ﺟﺎ َو ْر ُت ﺑِ ِﺤ َﺮا ٍء َﺷ ْﻬ ًﺮا\"‪ ،‬وﻗﺪ ﲨـ َﻊ اﻟ ﱠﺸـﻴْ ُﺦ اﳌِـ ﱢﺰ ّي)‪(1‬‬ ‫ﻓِﻴﻪ ﺑﲔ َﺣ ِﺪﻳ ِﺚ)‪ (2‬ﳛﻴﻰ ﺑﻦ أﰊ َﻛﺜِﲑ َﻋﻦ أﰊ ﺳﻠﻤﺔ‪ ،‬وﺑﲔ َﺣ ِﺪﻳ ِﺚ اﻟ ﱡﺰ ْﻫ ِﺮ ّي‪َ ،‬ﻋﻦ َأ ِﰊ َﺳ َﻠ َﻤﺔ)‪.(3‬‬ ‫َﻗﺎ َل َﺷ ْﻴ ُﺨﻨَﺎ َر ِ َﴈ ا ُﷲ َﻋﻨْ ُﻪ ‪ :‬ﻳﺘﻌﻘ ُﺐ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ِﰲ ﺟﻌ ِﻞ َﺣ ِﺪﻳ ِﺚ اﻟ ﱡﺰ ْﻫ ِﺮ ّي‪َ ،‬ﻋﻦ َأ ِﰊ َﺳ َﻠ َﻤ َﺔ ﻧﺤﻮ َﺣـ ِﺪﻳ ِﺚ ﳛﻴـﻰ ﺑـﻦ‬ ‫أﰊ)‪َ (4‬ﻛﺜِﲑ‪َ ،‬ﻋﻦ أﰊ ﺳﻠﻤﺔ‪ ،‬وﻟﻴﺲ ﻛ َﺬ ِﻟ َﻚ ﻓ َﺤ ِﺪﻳ ُﺚ ﳛﻴﻰ ﺑﻦ أﰊ َﻛﺜِﲑ‪َ ،‬ﻋﻦ أﰊ ﺳﻠﻤﺔ ﻓِﻴﻪ ﺳﺆا ُل ﳛﻴﻰ ﺑـﻦ )‪(5‬أﰊ َﻛﺜِـﲑ)‪(6‬‬ ‫َﻛﺜِﲑ)‪َ (6‬ﻋ ْﻦ َأ ﱠو ِل َﻣﺎ َﻧ َﺰ َل ِﻣ َﻦ اﻟ ُﻘ ْﺮآ ِن‪ ،‬وﻓِﻴﻪ ﺟﻮا ُب أﰊ ﺳﻠﻤﺔ ﻟﻪ وإﺧﺒﺎ ُره َﻋﻦ َﺟﺎﺑ ٍﺮ ﺑ َﺬﻟِ َﻚ)‪.(7‬‬ ‫و ِﰲ أن ﻗ ْﻮ َﻟ ُﻪ ﺗﺎﺑﻌﻪ ِﻫ َﻼ ُل ْﺑ ُﻦ َر ﱠدا ٍد)‪ ،(8‬اﳌﺘﺎﺑﻌﺔ إﻧ َﲈ ﻫﻲ ِﰲ َﺣ ِﺪﻳ ِﺚ َﻋﺎ ِﺋ َﺸ َﺔ ﻻ ِﰲ َﺣ ِﺪﻳ ِﺚ َﺟﺎﺑِ ٍﺮ)‪.(9‬‬ ‫وإ ﱠن ﻗﻮ َﻟ ُﻪ ‪ :‬و ِﰲ اﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﻔ ِﺴ ِﲑ َﻋﻦ َﺳ ِﻌﻴ ِﺪ ﺑ ِﻦ َﻣ ْﺮ َوا َن)‪َ ،(10‬ﻋﻦ ُ َﳏ ﱠﻤ ِﺪ ْﺑ ِﻦ َﻋ ْﺒـﺪ ا ْﻟ َﻌ ِﺰﻳـ ِﺰ ْﺑـ ِﻦ َأ ِﰊ ِر ْز َﻣـ َﺔ)‪َ ،(1‬ﻋـﻦ َأ ِﰊ‬ ‫َﺻﺎﻟِ ٍﺢ َﺳ ْﻠ َﻤ َﻮ ْﻳ ِﻪ)‪َ ،(3)(2‬ﻋﻦ َﻋ ْﺒﺪ ا ِﷲ)‪َ ،(4‬ﻋﻦ ُﻳﻮ ُﻧ َﺲ)‪.(6)(5‬‬ ‫)‪ِ (1‬ﰲ )ب( \"اﳌﺰﲏ\" ﺧﻄﺄ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ِ (2‬ﰲ )أ( \"ﺑ َﺤ ِﺪﻳﺚ\" ﺧﻄﺄ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ْ ُ (3‬ﲢ َﻔ ُﺔ ا ْﻷَ ْ َﴍا ِف‪.(395 /2) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ (4‬ﻛﻠﻤﺔ \"أﰊ\" ﺳﺎﻗﻄﺔ ﻣﻦ )ب(‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (5‬ﻛﻠﻤﺔ \"أﰊ\" ﺳﺎﻗﻄﺔ ﻣﻦ )ب(‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ِ (6‬ﰲ ﻛﻼ اﻟﻨﺴﺨﺘﲔ \"ﺳﻠﻤﺔ\" ﺧﻄﺄ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪َ (7‬ﺻ ِﺤﻴ ُﺢ اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨﺎ ِر ّي ‪ (65) ،(1036/2) :‬ﻛِ َﺘﺎ ُب اﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﻔ ِﺴـﲑ‪ُ ،‬ﺳـﻮ َرة اﳌُـ ﱠﺪ ﱢﺛ ِﺮ )‪ ،(4922) ،(1‬وا ْﻧ ُﻈـ ْﺮ ‪َ ،(4924) :‬ﺻـ ِﺤﻴ ُﺢ ُﻣ ْﺴـﻠِﻢ ‪:‬‬ ‫)‪ (1) ،(88‬ﻛِ َﺘﺎ ُب ا ْ ِﻹﻳ َﲈ َن‪َ (73) ،‬ﺑﺎ ُب َﺑ ْﺪ ِء ا ْﻟ َﻮ ْﺣ ِﻲ إِ َﱃ َر ُﺳﻮ ِل اﷲِ َﺻ ﱠﲆ اﷲُ َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴ ِﻪ َو َﺳ ﱠﻠ َﻢ‪.(161/257) ،‬‬ ‫)‪َ (8‬أ ُﺑﻮ اﻟ َﻘﺎ ِﺳﻢ‪ ،‬اﻟ ﱠﻄﺎ ِﺋ ّﻲ‪َ ،‬و ُﻳ َﻘﺎل اﻟ ِﻜﻨَﺎ ِ ّﲏ‪ ،‬اﻟ ﱠﺸﺎﻣ ّﻲ‪ ،‬اﻟ َﻜﺎﺗِﺐ‪.‬‬ ‫َﻗﺎ َل اﻟ ﱡﺬﻫﲇ ‪ :‬و َﻛﺎ َن ﻫﻼ ُل ﺑ ُﻦ َر ﱠدا ٍد اﻟ ﱠﻄﺎﺋِ ّﻲ أﺳﻮﻗﻬﻢ ﻟﻠ َﺤ ِﺪﻳ ِﺚ ﺑﺎﻗﺘﺼﺎﺻﻪ‪ ،‬ﻳ َﻌﻨﻲ َﳊ ِﺪﻳ ِﺚ اﻟ ﱡﺰ ْﻫ ِﺮ ّي‪ ،‬و ِﰲ َ ْﲥ ِﺬﻳ ِﺐ اﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﻬ ِﺬﻳﺐ‪:(88/9) ،‬‬ ‫\"ﺑﺎﺧﺘﺼﺎﺻﻪ\"‪ ،‬وﺧ ﱠﻄ َﺄ َﻫ َﺬا ﺑﺸﺎ ُر ﻣﻌﺮوف ِﰲ ﲢﻘﻴ ِﻘﻪ ﻟ َﺘ ْﻬ ِﺬﻳ ِﺐ اﻟﻜـ َﲈ ِل‪ ،‬و ُﻫـﻮ ﻛـ َﺬﻟِ َﻚ؛ ﻷ ﱠن ﲨﻴـ َﻊ ﻣـﻦ ﻧﻘـ َﻞ ﻋﺒـﺎرة اﻟ ﱡﺰ ْﻫـ ِﺮ ّي‪ ،‬ﻧﻘﻠﻬـﺎ‬ ‫\"ﺑﺎﻗﺘﺼﺎﺻﻪ\"‪.‬‬ ‫واﻗ َﺘ ﱠﺺ ا َْﳊ ِﺪﻳﺚ ‪َ :‬ر َوا ُه َﻋ َﲆ َو ْﺟ ِﻬﻪ‪َ ،‬ﻛ َﺄ ﱠﻧﻪ َﺗ َﺘ ﱠﺒ َﻊ َأ َﺛ َﺮه‪ ،‬ﻓ َﺄ ْو َر َد ُه َﻋ َﲆ َﻗ ﱢﺼ ِﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﻲ ﻋﺒﺎرة ﻣﺪح ﻟﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫َو َﻗﺎ َل اﻟ ﱠﺬ َﻫﺒِ ّﻲ ‪\" :‬ﻻ ﻳﺪرى ﻣﻦ ﻫﻮ\"‪.‬‬ ‫َو َﻗﺎ َل ﻓِﻴﻪ اﺑ ُﻦ َﺣ َﺠﺮ ‪\" :‬ﻣﻘﺒﻮل\"‪َ ،‬و َﻗﺎ َل َﻣ ﱠﺮة ‪\" :‬ﻻ ﻳﻌﺮف ﺣﺎﻟﻪ\"‪.‬‬ ‫وﻟﻴﺲ ﻟﻪ ذﻛﺮ ِﰲ اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨﺎ ِر ّي إﻻ ِﰲ َﻫ َﺬا اﳌﻮﺿﻊ‪ ،‬وﻗﺪ وﺻ َﻞ اﻟ ﱡﺬﻫﲇ ﻣﺘﺎﺑﻌﺘﻪ ِﰲ اﻟ ﱡﺰ ْﻫ ِﺮ ّﻳﺎت‪.‬‬ ‫ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪ْ َ :‬ﲥ ِﺬﻳ َﺐ ا ْﻟ َﻜ َﲈل‪ ،‬ﻟﻠ ِﻤ ﱢﺰ ّي‪ ،(333 /30) ،‬وﻣﻴﺰا َن اﻻﻋﺘﺪال‪ ،(97 /7) ،‬واﳌﻐﻨﻲ ِﰲ اﻟ ﱡﻀ َﻌ َﻔﺎء‪ ،(483/2) ،‬ﻛِ َﻼ ُ َﳘـﺎ ﻟﻠـ ﱠﺬ َﻫﺒِ ّﻲ‪،‬‬ ‫و َﻃ َﺒ َﻘﺎ ِت اﻟ ﱠﺸﺎﻓِ ِﻌ ّﻴﺔ اﻟﻜﱪى‪ ،‬ﻟﻠ ﱡﺴﺒﻜﻲ‪ ،(404 /10) ،‬وﳐﺘﺎ َر اﻟﺼﺤﺎح‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ َأ ِﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ اﻟـ ﱠﺮا ِز ّي‪) ،‬ص‪َ ،(538‬و َﺗ َﻘ ِﺮﻳـ َﺐ اﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﻬـ ِﺬﻳﺐ‪،‬‬ ‫)‪ ،(7335‬وﻫــﺪي اﻟﺴــﺎري‪) ،‬ص ‪ِ ،(458 ،20‬ﻛ َﻼ ُ َﳘــﺎ ﻻ ْﺑــ ِﻦ َﺣ َﺠــﺮ‪ ،‬وﺗــﺎ َج اﻟﻌــﺮوس ﻣــﻦ ﺟــﻮاﻫﺮ اﻟﻘــﺎﻣﻮس‪ ،‬ﻟِﻠ ﱠﺰﺑﻴــﺪي‪،‬‬ ‫)‪.(107 /18‬‬ ‫)‪ (9‬ﺑﻞ ِﰲ ا َْﳊ ِﺪﻳ ِﺚ اﳌﻌﻠﻖ َﻋ ْﻦ ﺟﺎﺑ ٍﺮ‪ ،‬ﻻ َﻋﻦ َﻋﺎ ِﺋ َﺸ َﺔ‪ ،‬و ُﻫﻮ ﻛ َﲈ َﻗﺎ َل اﳌﺰي‪ ،‬ورﺑ َﲈ َﺳ َﻬﺎ اﻟ ُﺒ ْﻠ ِﻘﻴﻨِ ّﻲ ﻫﻨﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫َﺻ ِﺤﻴ ُﺢ اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨﺎ ِر ّي ‪ (1) ،(4/1) :‬ﻛِ َﺘﺎ ُب َﺑ ْﺪ ِء اﻟ َﻮ ْﺣ ِﻲ‪َ (1) ،‬ﺑﺎ ُب َﻛ ْﻴ َﻒ َﻛﺎ َن َﺑ ْﺪ ُء اﻟ َﻮ ْﺣ ِﻲ إِ َﱃ َر ُﺳﻮ ِل اﷲِ َﺻ ﱠﲆ ا ُﷲ َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴ ِﻪ َو َﺳ ﱠﻠ َﻢ؟ َو َﻗـ ْﻮ ُل‬ ‫اﷲِ َﺟ ﱠﻞ ِذ ْﻛ ُﺮ ُه ‪.(4) ،,+*)( '& % $ # \"! :‬‬ ‫)‪َ (10‬أ ُﺑﻮ ُﻋ ْﺜ َﲈن ا ْﻟ َﺒ ْﻐ َﺪاد ّي‪ ،‬و ُﻫﻮ َﻏ ْﲑ َأ ِﰊ ﻋﺜ َﲈن اﻷَ ْز ِد ّي اﻟ ﱠﺮ َﻫﺎ ِو ّي‪ ،‬وﱂ ﻳﻔﺮق ﺑﻴﻨﻬ َﲈ اﻟﻜﻼﺑﺎذي‪َ ،‬و َﻗﺎ َل اﳌِ ﱢﺰ ﱡي ‪ :‬و َذﻟِـ َﻚ وﻫـﻢ‪َ ،‬واﻟ ﱠﺼـ َﻮاب‬ ‫إﳖ َﲈ اﺛﻨﺎن‪ ،‬وﳑﻦ وﺻ َﻒ اﻟ َﺒ ْﻐ َﺪادي ﺑﺄﻧﻪ اﻟﺮﻫﺎوي ا َﳊﺎﻛِ ُﻢ ِﰲ َﺗﺎ ِرﳜﻪ‪ ،‬وﻛ َﺬ ِﻟ َﻚ َأ ُﺑﻮ اﻟﻮﻟﻴﺪ اﻟﺒﺎﺟﻲ‪ ،‬وﺗﺒﻌﻬﻢ َﻋ َﲆ َذﻟِ َﻚ اﻟﻜﺮ َﻣﺎﲏ‪=.‬‬ ‫‪286‬‬

‫= ذﻛﺮه اﺑ ُﻦ ِﺣ ﱠﺒﺎن ِﰲ اﻟ ﱢﺜ َﻘﺎت‪ ،(373/6) ،‬وﻛﺬا اﻟﻜﻼﺑﺎذي ِﰲ اﳍﺪاﻳﺔ واﻹرﺷﺎد ِﰲ ﻣﻌﺮﻓ ِﺔ َأ ْﻫ ِﻞ اﻟ ﱢﺜ َﻘ ِﺔ واﻟﺴﺪاد‪.(872 /2) ،‬‬ ‫و ُﻫﻮ ﻣﻦ اﳌﻼزﻣﲔ ﻟﺸﻴﺨﻪ ُ َﳏ ﱠﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ َﻋ ْﺒﺪ اﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﺑﻦ َأ ِﰊ رزﻣﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫وأﻃﻠﻖ ﻓِﻴﻪ اﻟ ﱠﺪا َر ُﻗ ْﻄﻨِ ّﻲ ﻟﻔﻈﺔ ‪َ :‬ﺷ ْﻴﺦ‪ ،‬ووﺻﻔﻪ اﳋﻄﻴﺐ اﻟ َﺒ ْﻐ َﺪادي ﺑﺎﻟ َﺼ ُﺪوق‪َ ،‬وﺑِ ِﻤ ْﺜ ِﻞ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ َﻗﺎ َل اﺑ ُﻦ َﺣ َﺠﺮ‪َ ،‬و َزا َد ‪َ :‬ﻛـﺎ َن ﻳﺴـﺘﻤﲇ َﻋـ َﲆ‬ ‫َأ ْ َﲪﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫َو َﻗﺎ َل اﺑ ُﻦ َﻋ ِﺪ ّي ‪ :‬ﻻ ُﻳ ْﻌ َﺮف‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ ‪ :‬وﻛﻼم اﺑﻦ َﻋ ِﺪي ﻻ ﻳﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ‪ ،‬ﻫﻮ ﺻﺪوق‪.‬‬ ‫وﻟﻴﺲ ﻟﻪ ِﰲ اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨﺎ ِر ّي ﺳﻮى َﻫ َﺬا اﳌﻮﺿﻊ‪ ،‬وﻗﺪ ﺗﺎﺑﻊ ﻓِﻴﻪ ﻏﲑه‪ ،‬ﻓﻼ ﻳﻀﲑ اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨﺎ ِر ّي َذﻟِ َﻚ‪.‬‬ ‫ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪ :‬ذﻛ َﺮ أﺳ َﲈء اﻟﺘﺎﺑﻌﲔ‪ ،‬ﻟﻠ ﱠﺪا َر ُﻗ ْﻄﻨِ ّﻲ‪ ،(155/1) ،‬وأﺳﺎﻣﻲ ﻣﻦ روى َﻋﻨﻪ ُ َﳏ ﱠﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ إﺳ َﲈﻋﻴﻞ اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨﺎ ِر ّي ﻣﻦ ﻣﺸﺎﳜﻪ اﻟﺬﻳﻦ ذﻛﺮﻫﻢ‬ ‫ِﰲ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ اﻟ ﱠﺼ ِﺤﻴﺢ‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ ﻋﺪي‪) ،‬ص‪ ،(133‬و َﺗﺎ ِرﻳ َﺦ َﺑ ْﻐ َﺪاد‪ ،‬ﻟﻠﺨﻄﻴﺐ اﻟﻐﺪادي‪ ،(91/9) ،‬واﻟﺘﻌـﺪﻳ َﻞ واﻟﺘﺠـﺮﻳﺢ‪ ،‬ﻷَ ِﰊ اﻟﻮﻟﻴـﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺎﺟﻲ‪ ،(1230/3) ،‬و َ ْﲥ ِﺬﻳ َﺐ اﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﻬ ِﺬﻳﺐ‪َ ،(368/3) ،‬و َﺗ َﻘ ِﺮﻳ َﺐ اﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﻬ ِﺬﻳﺐ‪ ،(2390) ،‬ﻛِ َﻼ ُ َﳘﺎ ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ َﺣ َﺠﺮ‪ ،‬واﻟﻜﻮاﻛﺐ اﻟﺪراري‪،‬‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻜﺮﻣﺎﲏ‪.(199/9) ،‬‬ ‫)‪َ (1‬أ ُﺑﻮ ﻋﻤﺮو اﳌﺮوزي‪ ،‬واﺳﻢ رزﻣﺔ ﻏﺰوان اﻟ َﻴ ْﺸ ًﻜ ِﺮي‪ُ ،‬ﺗ ُﻮ ﱢ َﰲ َﺳﻨَﺔ ‪241‬ﻫـ‪.‬‬ ‫َﻣﺎ أﻧﺰﻟﻮه إﻻ ﻣﻨﺰﻟﺔ اﻟ ﱢﺜ َﻘﺔ‪ ،‬إﻻ َﻣﺎ َﻛﺎ َن ﻣﻦ َأ ِﰊ ﺣﺎﺗﻢ اﻟﺬي َﻗﺎ َل ﻓِﻴﻪ ‪َ :‬ﺻ ُﺪوق‪ ،‬وﻛﺬا َأ ِﰊ ُز ْر َﻋﺔ‪ ،‬وﻻ ﻳﻨﺰﻟﻪ َذﻟِ َﻚ َﻋﻦ اﻟ ﱢﺜ َﻘﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪ :‬ا َْﳉ ْﺮ َح َواﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﻌ ِﺪﻳﻞ‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ َأ ِﰊ َﺣﺎﺗِﻢ‪ ،(8/8) ،‬واﻟﺘﻌﺪﻳ َﻞ واﻟﺘﺠﺮﻳﺢ‪َ ،‬ﻷ ِﰊ اﻟﻮﻟﻴـﺪ اﻟﺒـﺎﺟﻲ‪ ،(723 /2) ،‬و َﺗ َﻘ ِﺮﻳـ َﺐ اﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﻬـ ِﺬﻳﺐ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻻﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ‪.(6092) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ِ (2‬ﰲ )ب( \"ﺳﻠﻤﻮﻧﻪ\" ﺧﻄﺄ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ُ (3‬ﻫ َﻮ ﺳﻠﻴ َﲈن ﺑﻦ ﺻﺎﻟﺢ اﻟﻠﻴﺜﻲ‪ ،‬ﻣﻮﻻﻫﻢ‪ ،‬اﳌﺮوزي‪َ ،‬و ُﻳ َﻘﺎل ﺳﻠﻴ َﲈن ﺑﻦ داود‪ُ ،‬ﺗ ُﻮ ﱢ َﰲ ﻗﺒﻞ َﺳﻨَﺔ ‪210‬ﻫـ‪.‬‬ ‫َو ﱠﺛ َﻘﻪ ﴏاﺣ ًﺔ اﺑ ُﻦ َﺣ َﺠﺮ‪َ ،‬و َﻗﺎ َل ِﰲ ﻣﻮﺿﻊ آﺧﺮ ‪َ :‬ﻛﺎ َن ﻣﻦ أﺧﺼﺎء َﻋ ْﺒﺪ ا ِﷲ ﺑﻦ اﳌﺒﺎرك واﳌﻜﺜﺮﻳﻦ َﻋﻨـﻪ‪ ،‬و ُﻫـﻮ ﻫﻨـﺎ ﻳـﺮوي َﻋﻨـﻪ‪َ ،‬و َﻗـﺎ َل‬ ‫أﻳ ًﻀﺎ‪\" :‬و َﻣﺎ ﻟﻪ أﻳﻀﺎ ِﰲ اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨﺎ ِر ّي ﺳﻮى َﻫ َﺬا ا َْﳊ ِﺪﻳﺚ\"‪ ،‬و َﻟﻜِﻨﱠ ُﻪ َﻗﺎ َل ِﰲ اﳍﺪي ‪\" :‬وروى اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨﺎ ِر ّي ِﰲ اﻟﺬﺑﺎﺋﺢ َﻋﻨﻪ ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ‪ ،‬وﻟﻴﺲ ُﻫ َﻮ‬ ‫ِﰲ اﻟﺬﺑﺎﺋﺢ‪ ،‬إﻧ ﱠﲈ ِﰲ اﻟﻜﻔﺎﻟﺔ ﻣﻌﻠ ًﻘﺎ‪ ،‬وﻗﺪ َ ﱠﴏح ﺑﻪ ِﰲ اﻟﻜﻔﺎﻟﺔ ِﰲ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﻨﺴﺦ َأ ﱠﻧ ُﻪ َﺳ ْﻠ َﻤ َﻮ ْﻳ ِﻪ\"‪َ ،‬و َ ﱠﴏ َح ﺑ َﺬﻟِ َﻚ اﺑ ُﻦ َﺣ َﺠﺮ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ِﻋﻨْﺪ ﻛﻼﻣﻪ‬ ‫َﻋ َﲆ ا َْﳊ ِﺪﻳﺚ ِﰲ اﻟﻔﺘﺢ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ َﻗﺎ َل ‪\" :‬ﻓﻘﺪ وﻗﻊ ِﰲ رواﻳﺔ ﺑﻦ اﻟﺴﻜﻦ َﻋﻦ اﻟﻔﺮﺑﺮي َﻋﻦ اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨﺎ ِر ّي‪َ ،‬ﻗـﺎ َل ‪َ :‬ﻗـﺎ َل َأ ُﺑـﻮ ﺻـﺎﻟﺢ ﺳـﻠﻤﻮﻳﻪ ‪:‬‬ ‫َﺣ ﱠﺪ َﺛﻨَﺎ َﻋ ْﺒﺪ ا ِﷲ ﺑﻦ اﳌﺒﺎرك\"‪.‬‬ ‫َو َﻗﺎ َل َأ ُﺑﻮ َﺟ ْﻌ َﻔﺮ اﻟ ُﻌ َﻘ ْﻴِ ّﲇ ‪َ :‬ﻛﺎ َن ِﻋ ْﻨﺪﻫﻢ‪ ،‬ﺛِ َﻘﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫َو َذ َﻛ َﺮه اﻟﻜﻼﺑﺎذي ِﰲ اﳍﺪاﻳﺔ واﻹرﺷﺎد ِﰲ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ أﻫﻞ اﻟ ﱢﺜ َﻘﺔ واﻟﺴﺪاد‪.‬‬ ‫ووﺻﻔﻪ اﺑﻦ َﻣﺎﻛﻮﻻ ﺑﺄﻧﻪ َﺻﺎ ِﺣﺐ اﻟﻜﺘﺐ‪.‬‬ ‫وأﻃﻠﻖ ﻓِﻴﻪ اﻟ ﱠﺬ َﻫﺒِ ّﻲ وﺻﻒ َﺻ ُﺪوق‪ ،‬وأﻃﻠﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ِﰲ ﻣﻮﺿﻊ آﺧﺮ ا َْﳊﺎﻓِﻆ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ ‪ُ :‬ﻫ َﻮ ﺛِ َﻘﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫و َﻋ ﱠﻠ َﻞ اﺑ ُﻦ َﺣ َﺠﺮ ﻣﺘﺎﺑﻌﺔ اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨﺎ ِر ّي َﻫ َﺬا اﻹﺳﻨﺎد‪ ،‬ﻟﻺﺳﻨﺎد اﻟ ﱠﺼ ِﺤﻴﺢ اﳌﺤﺾ‪ ،‬ﺑﻘﻮﻟﻪ ‪\" :‬وﻗﺪ ﻧﺰل اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨﺎ ِر ّي ِﰲ َﺣ ِﺪﻳﺜـﻪ ِﰲ َﻫـ َﺬا اﻹﺳـﻨﺎد‬ ‫درﺟﺘﲔ‪ ،‬و ِﰲ َﺣ ِﺪﻳﺚ اﻟ ﱡﺰ ْﻫ ِﺮ ّي ﺛﻼث درﺟﺎت‪َ ،‬ﳍ َﺬا ﺟﺎء اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨﺎ ِر ّي َﲠ َﺬا اﻹﺳﻨﺎد؛ ﻟﻌﻠﻮه‪ ،‬ﻣﻊ ورود اﳌ َﻘﺎ َل ِﰲ ﺑﻌﺾ رﺟﺎﻟﻪ\"‪.‬‬ ‫َﺻ ِﺤﻴ ُﺢ اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨﺎ ِر ّي ‪ِ (39) ،(458/1) :‬ﻛ َﺘﺎ ُب ا ْﻟ َﻜ َﻔﺎ َﻟ ِﺔ‪َ (4) ،‬ﺑـﺎ ُب ِﺟـ َﻮا ِر َأ ِﰊ ﺑﻜـﺮ ِﰲ َﻋ ْﻬـ ِﺪ اﻟ ﱠﻨﺒِـ ّﻲ َﺻـ ﱠﲆ اﷲُ َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴـ ِﻪ َو َﺳـ ﱠﻠ َﻢ َو َﻋ ْﻘـ ِﺪ ِه‪،‬‬ ‫)‪ ،(2297‬واﳍﺪاﻳ ُﺔ واﻹرﺷﺎد ِﰲ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ أﻫﻞ اﻟ ﱢﺜ َﻘﺔ واﻟﺴﺪاد‪ ،‬ﻟﻠﻜﻼﺑﺎذي‪ ،(872 /2) ،‬واﻹﻛـ َﲈ ُل ِﰲ رﻓـﻊ اﻻرﺗﻴـﺎب َﻋـﻦ اﳌﺆﺗﻠـﻒ‬ ‫واﳌﺨﺘﻠﻒ ِﰲ اﻷﺳ َﲈء واﻟﻜﻨﻰ‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ َﻣﺎﻛﻮﻻ‪ ،(204 /7) ،‬وﺗﻘﻴﻴ ُﺪ اﳌﻬﻤﻞ وﲤﻴﻴﺰ اﳌﺸﻜﻞ‪َ ،‬ﻷ ِﰊ َﻋـِ ّﲇ اﳉﻴـﺎﲏ‪ ،(1112/3) ،‬و ِﺳـ َ ُﲑ‬ ‫َأ ْﻋ َﻼ ِم اﻟ ﱡﻨ َﺒ َﻼ ِء‪ ،(433 /9) ،‬ﻟﻠ ﱠﺬ َﻫﺒِ ّﻲ‪ ،‬وﻫﺪ ُي اﻟﺴﺎري‪) ،‬ص‪ ،(241‬و َﻓ ْﺘ ُﺢ اﻟ َﺒﺎ ِر ّي‪ ،(477/4 ،716/8) ،‬ﻛﻼﳘﺎ ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ َﺣ َﺠﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ُ (4‬ﻫ َﻮ اﺑﻦ اﳌﺒﺎرك‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ُ (5‬ﻫ َﻮ ا َﻷ ْﻳِ ّﲇ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪َ (6‬ﺻ ِﺤﻴ ُﺢ اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨﺎ ِر ّي ‪ (65) ،(1047/2) :‬ﻛِ َﺘﺎ َب اﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﻔ ِﺴﲑ‪ُ ،‬ﺳﻮ َرة اﻟ َﻌ َﻠﻖ‪.(4953) ،(1) ،ONMLK ،‬‬ ‫‪287‬‬

‫َﻫ َﺬا َﻟ ْﻴ َﺲ ﴏ ًﳛﺎ ِﰲ اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨﺎ ِر ﱢي‪ ،‬إﻧ َﲈ ا ﱠﻟ ِﺬي ﻓِﻴﻪ َأ ﱠﻧ ُﻪ أﺧﺮ َج َﺣـ ِﺪﻳ َﺚ َﻋﺎﺋِ َﺸـ َﺔ َﲠـ َﺬا اﻟ ﱠﻄ ِﺮﻳـ ِﻖ ﻋﻘـﺐ ﻗﻮﻟِـ ِﻪ ‪:‬‬ ‫َﺣ ﱠﺪ َﺛ َﻨﺎ َ ْﳛ َﻴﻰ ْﺑ ُﻦ ُﺑ َﻜ ْ ٍﲑ)‪َ ،(1‬ﺣ ﱠﺪ َﺛﻨَﺎ اﻟ ﱠﻠ ْﻴ ُﺚ)‪َ ،(2‬ﻋﻦ َﻋ ِﻘﻴ ٍﻞ)‪ُ ،(3‬ﺛ ﱠﻢ َﺣ ﱠﻮل‪َ ،‬ﻓ َﻘـﺎ َل ‪َ :‬و َﺣـ ﱠﺪ َﺛﻨِﻲ َﺳـ ِﻌﻴﺪ ْﺑـ ُﻦ َﻣـ ْﺮ َوا َن‪ ،‬ﻓﺴـﺎق‬ ‫َﺣ ِﺪﻳﺚ َﻋﺎﺋِ َﺸ َﺔ ﺑﺘ َﲈ ِﻣ ِﻪ‪ُ ،‬ﺛ ﱠﻢ َﻗﺎ َل ‪َ :‬ﻗﺎ َل ُ َﳏ ﱠﻤ ُﺪ ْﺑ ُﻦ ِﺷ َﻬﺎ ٍب)‪ ،(4‬ﻳ َﻌﻨﻲ)‪ (5‬ﻓ َﻴ ُﻜﻮن َذﻟِ َﻚ َﻋ َﲆ َﺣ ِﺪﻳﺚ َ ْﳛ َﻴﻰ ْﺑ ِﻦ ُﺑ َﻜ ْ ٍﲑ‪ ،‬ﻻ َﻋـ َﲆ‬ ‫َﻋ َﲆ َﺣ ِﺪﻳﺚ َﺳ ِﻌﻴﺪ ْﺑ ِﻦ َﻣ ْﺮ َوا َن‪ ،‬اﻧﺘﻬﻰ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ُ (1‬ﻫ َﻮ َأ ُﺑﻮ زﻛﺮﻳﺎ اﳌِ ْ ِﴫ ّي‪ ،‬اﺑﻦ َﻋ ْﺒﺪ ا ِﷲ ﺑﻦ ُﺑ َﻜ ْﲑ اﻟ ُﻘ َﺮ ِ ّﳾ اﳌﺨﺰوﻣﻲ‪ ،‬ﻣﻮﱃ ﺑﻨﻲ ﳐﺰوم‪ ،‬و ﻗﺪ ُﻳ ْﻨ َﺴ ُﺐ إِ َﱃ َﺟ ﱢﺪ ِه‪ ،‬ﻛ َﲈ ُﻫـ َﻮ ﻫﻨـﺎ‪ُ .‬ﺗـ ُﻮ ﱢ َﰲ َﺳـ َﻨﺔ‬ ‫‪231‬ﻫـ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺪ أﻛﺜﺮ اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨﺎ ِر ﱡي اﻟﺮواﻳﺔ َﻋﻨﻪ َﻋﻦ اﻟﻠﻴﺚ‪.‬‬ ‫َو ﱠﺛ َﻘﻪ اﺑ ُﻦ ﻗﺎﻧﻊ اﳌِ ْ ِﴫ ّي‪ ،‬وا َﳋﻠِﻴِ ّﲇ‪ ،‬واﻟ ﱠﺬ َﻫﺒِ ّﻲ‪ ،‬واﺑ ُﻦ َﻧﺎ ِﴏ اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳ ِﻦ‪ ،‬واﺑ ُﻦ َﺣ َﺠﺮ‪ ،‬و َﺧ ﱠﺺ ﺗﻮﺛﻴﻘﻪ ِﰲ اﻟ ﱠﻠ ْﻴ ِﺚ‪َ ،‬و َﻗﺎ َل ِﰲ ﻣﻮﺿ ٍﻊ آ َﺧﺮ ‪ :‬و ُﻫـﻮ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﻛﺒﺎر ﺣﻔﺎظ اﳌِ ْ ِﴫ ّﻳﲔ‪ ،‬وأﺛﺒﺖ اﻟﻨﺎس ِﰲ اﻟﻠﻴﺚ‪.‬‬ ‫وذﻛﺮه اﺑﻦ ِﺣ ﱠﺒﺎن ِﰲ اﻟ ﱢﺜ َﻘﺎت‪َ ،(262/9) ،‬و َذ َﻛ َﺮه اﻟﻜﻼﺑﺎذي ِﰲ ‪ :‬اﳍﺪاﻳـﺔ واﻹرﺷـﺎد ِﰲ ﻣﻌﺮﻓـﺔ أﻫـﻞ اﻟ ﱢﺜ َﻘـﺔ واﻟﺴـﺪاد‪،(795/2) ،‬‬ ‫َو َذ َﻛ َﺮه اﻟ ﱠﺬ َﻫﺒِ ّﻲ ِﰲ ذﻛﺮ أﺳ َﲈء ﻣﻦ ﺗﻜﻠﻢ ﻓِﻴﻪ و ُﻫﻮ ﻣﻮﺛﻖ‪) ،‬ص‪.(197‬‬ ‫َو َﻗﺎ َل اﺑ ُﻦ ﻋﺪي ‪ُ :‬ﻫ َﻮ أﺛﺒﺖ اﻟﻨﺎس ِﰲ اﻟﻠﻴﺚ‪ِ ،‬ﻋ ْﻨﺪه َﻋﻦ اﻟﻠﻴﺚ َﻣﺎ َﻟ ْﻴ َﺲ ِﻋ ْﻨﺪ أﺣﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫وأﺟﺎ َب َأ ُﺑﻮ َﺣﺎﺗِﻢ اﻟ ﱠﺮا ِز ّي ﺑﺄﻧﻪ ‪ :‬ﻳﻜﺘﺐ َﺣ ِﺪﻳﺜﻪ وﻻ ﳛﺘﺞ ﺑﻪ‪َ ،‬ﻛﺎ َن ﻳﻔﻬﻢ َﻫ َﺬا اﻟﺸﺄن‪ ،‬وﻫﺬ ﳐﺎﻟ ٌﻒ َﳌﺎ َﻗﺎ َﻟﻪ اﳋﻠﻴﲇ ﺑﺄﻧﻪ أﺛﻨﻰ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ورد اﻟ ﱠﺬ َﻫﺒِ ﱡﻲ َﻋ َﲆ ﻗﻮل َأ ِﰊ ﺣﺎﺗﻢ ﺑﻘﻮﻟﻪ ‪ :‬ﻗﺪ ﻋﻠﻢ ﺗ َﻌﻨﺖ َأ ِﰊ َﺣﺎﺗِﻢ ِﰲ اﻟﺮﺟﺎل‪ ،‬وإﻻ ﻓﺎﻟ ﱠﺸ ْﻴﺨﺎن ﻗﺪ اﺣﺘﺠﺎ ﺑﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫َو َﻗﺎ َل اﻟ ﱠﺴﺎ ِﺟﻲ ‪َ :‬ﺻ ُﺪوق‪َ ،‬وﺑِ ِﻤ ْﺜ ِﻞ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ َﻗﺎ َل اﻟ ﱠﺬ َﻫﺒِ ّﻲ‪ِ ،‬ﰲ ﻣﻮﺿﻊ آﺧﺮ‪َ ،‬و َﻗﺎ َل َﻣ ﱠﺮة ‪ :‬ﻗﺪ اﺣﺘﺞ ﺑﻪ َﺻﺎ ِﺣﺒﺎ اﻟ ﱠﺼ ِﺤﻴﺤﲔ‪ ،‬و َﻛﺎ َن ﻏﺰﻳ َﺮ اﻟﻌﻠ ِﻢ‬ ‫ﻋﺎر ًﻓﺎ ﺑﺎ َْﳊ ِﺪﻳﺚ‪.‬‬ ‫َو َﻗﺎ َل ﳛﻴﻰ ْﺑﻦ َﻣ ِﻌﲔ ‪َ :‬ﻟ ْﻴ َﺲ ﺑﴚء‪َ ،‬و َﻗﺎ َل َﻣ ﱠﺮة ‪\" :‬ﻻ ﺻﲆ ا ُﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ \"‪ ،‬دﺧﻠﺖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﺴﺠﺪه ﻓﻠ ﱠﲈ رآﲏ ﺳـﺠﺪ‪ ،‬و َﻗـﺎ َل ‪َ :‬ﻣـﺎ ﻛﻨـﺖ أرى‬ ‫أﻧﻚ ﺗﺄﺗﻴﻨﻲ‪.‬‬ ‫َو َﺿ ﱠﻌ َﻔ ُﻪ اﻟﻨﱠ َﺴﺎ ِﺋ ﱡﻲ‪َ ،‬و َﻗﺎ َل َﻣ ﱠﺮة ‪َ :‬ﻟ ْﻴ َﺲ ﺑﺜﻘﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﺮد اﻟ ﱠﺬ َﻫﺒِ ﱡﻲ َﻋ َﲆ ﻗﻮ ِل اﻟ ﱠﻨ َﺴﺎﺋِ ﱢﻲ ‪\" :‬ﺿﻌﻴﻒ\"‪ ،‬ﺑﻘﻮﻟﻪ ‪\" :‬و َﻣﺎ أدري َﻣﺎ ﻻح ﻟﻠﻨﺴﺎﺋﻲ ِﻣ ْﻨ ُﻪ ﺣﺘﻰ ﺿﻌﻔﻪ\"‪ ،‬و َﻋ َﲆ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ‪\" :‬ﻟﻴﺲ ﺑﺜﻘﺔ\" ‪ :‬ﺑﺄﻧـﻪ‬ ‫أﴎف ِﰲ َﻗ ْﻮ ِﻟ ِﻪ‪ ،‬و ِﰲ ﻣﻮﺿﻊ آﺧﺮ رد ﺑﻘﻮﻟﻪ ‪\" :‬و َﻫ َﺬا ﺟﺮ ٌح ﻣﺮدو ٌد‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺪ اﺣﺘ ﱠﺞ ﺑـﻪ اﻟ ﱠﺸـ ْﻴﺨﺎن‪ ،‬و َﻣـﺎ ﻋﻠﻤـﺖ ﻟـﻪ َﺣـ ِﺪﻳ ًﺜﺎ ﻣﻨﻜـ ًﺮا ﺣﺘـﻰ‬ ‫أورده\"‪.‬‬ ‫ور ﱠد اﺑ ُﻦ ﻧﺎﴏ اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳﻦ َﻋ َﲆ ﻗﻮ ِل َأ ِﰊ َﺣﺎﺗِﻢ‪ ،‬واﻟ ﱠﻨ َﺴﺎﺋِ ﱢﻲ ﺑﺄﻧﻪ ﺛِ َﻘﺔ‪ ،‬وإن َﻛﺎ َن َأ ُﺑﻮ َﺣﺎﺗِﻢ واﻟﻨﱠ َﺴﺎ ِﺋ ّﻲ ﺗﻜﻠ َﲈ ﻓِﻴـﻪ‪ ،‬اﺣـﺘﺞ اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨـﺎ ِر ّي وﻣﺴـﻠﻢ ِﰲ‬ ‫َﺻ ِﺤﻴﺤ ِﻬ َﲈ ﺑ َﲈ ﻳﺮوﻳﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫وﻛﺬا َﺿ ﱠﻌ َﻔ ُﻪ اﻟ ﱠﺪا َر ُﻗ ْﻄﻨِ ّﻲ‪ ،‬و َﻛﺎ َن ﻗﺪ َﻗﺎ َل ِﰲ ﻣﻮﺿﻊ ﻏﲑه ‪ِ :‬ﻋ ْﻨﺪي َﻣﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺄس‪.‬‬ ‫َو َﻗﺎ َل ﻣﺴﻠﻤ ُﺔ ﺑﻦ َﻗﺎ ِﺳﻢ ‪ُ :‬ﺗ ُﻜ ﱢﻠ َﻢ ﻓِﻴﻪ؛ ﻷ ﱠن ﺳ َﲈﻋﻪ ﻣﻦ َﻣﺎﻟِﻚ إﻧ َﲈ َﻛﺎ َن ﺑﻌﺮ ِض ﺣﺒﻴﺐ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ ‪ُ :‬ﻫ َﻮ ﺛِ َﻘﺔ‪ ،‬وﻟﻌﻠﻬﻢ ﺿﻌﻔﻮه ﻣﻦ أﺟﻞ ﺳ َﲈﻋﻪ ﻣﻦ َﻣﺎﻟﻚ‪.‬‬ ‫ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪ :‬ا َْﳉ ْﺮ َح َواﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﻌ ِﺪﻳﻞ‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ َأ ِﰊ َﺣﺎﺗِﻢ‪ ،(165/9) ،‬واﻟ ﱡﻀ َﻌ َﻔﺎ َء َواﳌَ ْ ُﱰوﻛِﲔ‪ ،‬ﻟﻠﻨﺴﺎﺋﻲ‪) ،‬ص‪ ،(248‬وأﺳﺎﻣﻲ ﻣﻦ روى َﻋﻨﻬﻢ ُ َﳏ ﱠﻤﺪ‬ ‫اﺑﻦ إﺳ َﲈﻋﻴﻞ اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨﺎ ِر ّي ﻣﻦ ﻣﺸﺎﳜﻪ‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ ﻋﺪي‪) ،‬ص ‪ ،(224‬و ُﺳ َﺆا َﻻ ِت َأ ِﰊ َﻋ ْﺒـﺪ ا ِﷲ ﺑـﻦ ﺑﻜـﲑ وﻏـﲑه َﻷ ِﰊ ا َﳊ َﺴـﻦ اﻟـ ﱠﺪا َر ُﻗ ْﻄﻨِ ّﻲ‪،‬‬ ‫)ص‪ ،(39‬و َﺗﺎ ِرﻳ َﺦ أﺳ َﲈء اﻟ ﱡﻀ َﻌ َﻔﺎء واﻟﻜﺬاﺑﲔ‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ ﺷﺎﻫﲔ‪) ،‬ص ‪ ،(44‬وا ْﻟ َﻜﺎ ِﺷ َﻒ‪ ،(369/2) ،‬و َﺗ ْﺬﻛِ َﺮ َة ا ُْﳊ ﱠﻔـﺎظ‪،(420/2) ،‬‬ ‫و َﺗﺎ ِرﻳ َﺦ ا ِﻹ ْﺳ َﻼم‪ ،(401/17) ،‬و ِﺳ َ َﲑ َأ ْﻋ َﻼ ِم اﻟ ﱡﻨ َﺒ َﻼ ِء‪ ،(612 /10) ،‬واﳌﻐﻨﻲ ِﰲ اﻟ ﱡﻀ َﻌ َﻔﺎء‪ ،(522/2) ،‬ﲬﺴﺘﻬﺎ ﻟﻠ ﱠﺬ َﻫﺒِ ّﻲ‪ ،‬واﻹرﺷﺎ َد‬ ‫ِﰲ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻋﻠ َﲈء ا َْﳊ ِﺪﻳﺚ‪ ،‬ﻟﻠﺨﻠﻴﲇ‪ ،(262/1) ،‬و َ ْﲥـ ِﺬﻳ َﺐ اﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﻬـ ِﺬﻳﺐ‪َ ،(253/9) ،‬و َﺗ َﻘ ِﺮﻳـﺐ اﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﻬـ ِﺬﻳﺐ‪ ،(7580) ،‬ﺛﻼﺛﺘﻬـﺎ ﻻ ْﺑـ ِﻦ‬ ‫َﺣ َﺠﺮ‪ ،‬و َﺷﺬ َرا ِت اﻟ ﱠﺬ َﻫﺐ‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ اﻟ ِﻌ َﲈد ا َﳊ ْﻨ َﺒِ ّﲇ‪.(71/2) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ُ (2‬ﻫ َﻮ اﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ُ (3‬ﻫ َﻮ اﺑﻦ ﺧﺎﻟﺪ اﻷَ ْﻳِ ّﲇ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪َ (4‬ﺻ ِﺤﻴ ُﺢ اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨﺎ ِر ّي ‪ِ (65) ،(1047/2) :‬ﻛ َﺘﺎ ُب اﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﻔ ِﺴﲑ‪ُ ،‬ﺳﻮ َرة اﻟ َﻌ َﻠﻖ‪.(4954) ،(1) ،ONMLK ،‬‬ ‫)‪ِ (5‬ﰲ )ب( \"ﺑﻤ َﻌﻨﻰ\"‪.‬‬ ‫‪288‬‬

‫ُﻗ ْﻠ ُﺖ ‪ :‬واﻟ ﱠﺘ َﻌ ﱡﻘ ُﺐ ا ْﻷ ﱠو ُل َﻳ ْﺪ َﻓ ُﻌ ُﻪ ﺗﻔﺼﻴ ُﻠﻪ)‪ِ (1‬ﰲ اﻷو ِل )‪(2‬ﺑﲔ اﺑﺘﺪا ِء َﻟ ْﻔـ ِﻆ َﺣـ ِﺪﻳ ِﺚ ﺟـﺎﺑ ٍﺮ ِﰲ َﻃ ِﺮﻳـ ِﻖ ﳛﻴـﻰ‪،‬‬ ‫واﺑﺘﺪا ِء ﻟﻔﻈِ ِﻪ ِﰲ َﻃ ِﺮﻳ ِﻖ اﻟ ﱡﺰ ْﻫ ِﺮ ّي‪ ،‬وأ ّﻣﺎ اﻟﺜﺎﻟ ُﺚ ﻓﻤﻤﻨﻮ ٌع؛ ﻷَ ﱠﻧﻪ ﻛ َﲈ ُﺟ ِﻌﻞ ُﻣ ْﺴﻨَ ًﺪا ﻣﻦ َﻃ ِﺮﻳ ِﻖ ﳛﻴﻰ َﻋ ِﻦ اﻟ ﱠﻠ ْﻴـ ِﺚ‪َ ،‬ﻋـﻦ‬ ‫َﻋ ِﻘﻴ ٍﻞ‪َ ،‬ﻋﻦ اﻟ ﱡﺰ ْﻫ ِﺮ ﱢي‪ ،‬ﻛ َﺬﻟِ َﻚ ﳚﻌﻞ ﻣﺴﻨ ًﺪا ﻣﻦ َﻃ ِﺮﻳ ِﻖ َﺳ ِﻌﻴﺪ ْﺑ ِﻦ َﻣ ْﺮ َوا َن‪َ ،‬ﻋﻦ ا ْﺑ ِﻦ َأ ِﰊ ِر ْز َﻣـ َﺔ‪َ ،‬ﻋـﻦ َﺳـ ْﻠ َﻤ َﻮ ْﻳ ِﻪ‪َ ،‬ﻋـﻦ‬ ‫َﻋ ْﺒﺪ ا ِﷲ‪َ ،‬ﻋﻦ ُﻳﻮ ُﻧ َﺲ‪َ ،‬ﻋﻦ اﻟ ﱡﺰ ْﻫ ِﺮ ّي‪.‬‬ ‫َو ِﻣ ْﻦ َذﻟِ َﻚ َﻣﺎ َﻛ َﺘ َﺒ ُﻪ ِﰲ َﺗ ْﺮ َ َﲨ ِﺔ َﻋ َﻄﺎ ِء ْﺑ ِﻦ َﻳ ِﺰﻳ َﺪ اﻟ ﱠﻠ ْﻴﺜِ ﱢﻲ‪َ ،‬ﻋﻦ َأ ِﰊ َﺳ ِﻌﻴ ٍﺪ‪ِ ،‬ﰲ َﺣ ِﺪﻳ ِﺚ ‪َ :‬أ ﱠن َأ ْﻋ َﺮاﺑِﻴﺎ َﺳـ َﺄ َل اﻟﻨﱠﺒِـ ﱠﻲ‬ ‫َﺻ ﱠﲆ ا ُﷲ َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴ ِﻪ َو َﺳ ﱠﻠ َﻢ َﻋ ِﻦ ا ِْﳍ ْﺠ َﺮ ِة‪َ ،‬ﻓ َﻘﺎ َل ‪َ \" :‬و ْ َﳛ َﻚ إِ ﱠن َﺷ ْﺄ َن ا ِْﳍ ْﺠ َﺮةِ َﺷ ِﺪﻳ ٌﺪ)‪َ .\"(3‬ر َوا ُه اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨﺎ ِر ﱡي ِﰲ ا ِْﳍ ْﺠ َﺮةِ َﻋﻦ َﻋـِ ﱠﲇ‬ ‫ا ْﺑ ِﻦ َﻋ ْﺒﺪ اﷲِ)‪َ ،(4‬ﻋﻦ ا ْﻟ َﻮﻟِﻴ ِﺪ ْﺑ ِﻦ ُﻣ ْﺴﻠِ ٍﻢ‪َ ،‬ﻋﻦ ا ْﻷَ ْو َزا ِﻋ ﱢﻲ‪َ ،‬ﻋﻦ اﻟ ﱡﺰ ْﻫ ِﺮ ﱢي‪َ ،‬ﻋﻨﻪ)‪.(6)(5‬‬ ‫َﻗﺎ َل َﺷ ْﻴ ُﺨﻨَﺎ ‪ :‬ذﻛﺮه اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨﺎ ِر ﱡي أﻳ ًﻀﺎ ِﰲ اﻟ ﱠﺰ َﻛﺎ ِة‪ِ ،‬ﰲ َﺑﺎ ِب َز َﻛﺎةِ ا ِﻹﺑِـ ِﻞ‪َ ،‬ﻓ َﻘـﺎ َل ‪َ :‬ﺣـ ﱠﺪ َﺛﻨَﺎ َﻋـِ ّﲇ ْﺑـ ُﻦ َﻋ ْﺒـﺪ اﷲِ‬ ‫َﺣ ﱠﺪ َﺛﻨَﺎ ا ْﻟ َﻮﻟِﻴ ُﺪ ْﺑ ُﻦ ُﻣ ْﺴﻠِ ٍﻢ‪َ ،‬ﺣ ﱠﺪ َﺛ َﻨﺎ ا ْﻷَ ْو َزا ِﻋ ﱡﻲ‪َ ،‬ﻗﺎ َل ‪َ :‬ﺣ ﱠﺪ َﺛﻨِﻲ ا ْﺑ ُﻦ ِﺷ َﻬﺎ ٍب‪/53 ،‬ب َﻋـﻦ َﻋ َﻄـﺎ ِء ْﺑـ ِﻦ َﻳ ِﺰﻳـ َﺪ‪َ ،‬ﻋـﻦ َأ ِﰊ‬ ‫َﺳ ِﻌﻴ ٍﺪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺬﻛﺮه)‪َ ،(7‬و َﱂْ َﻳ ْﺬ ُﻛ ْﺮ ُه اﳌُ َﺼ ﱢﻨ ُﻒ َﻋ َﲆ ﻣﻘﺘﴣ ﻫﺬه اﻟﻨﱡ ْﺴ َﺨﺔ‪ ،‬اﻧﺘﻬﻰ‪.‬‬ ‫ُﻗ ْﻠ ُﺖ ‪ :‬وﻛﺸﻔ ُﺖ ُﻧ ْﺴ َﺨ ًﺔ ُأ ْﺧ َﺮى ﻓﻮﺟﺪ ُﲥﺎ ﻛ َﺬﻟِ َﻚ)‪.(8‬‬ ‫َو ِﻣ ْﻦ َذﻟِ َﻚ َﻣﺎ َﻛ َﺘ َﺒ ُﻪ ِﰲ َﺗ ْﺮ َ َﲨ ِﺔ ِﻋ َﻴﺎ ِض ْﺑ ِﻦ َﻋ ْﺒ ِﺪ اﷲِ ْﺑ ِﻦ َﺳ ْﻌ ِﺪ ْﺑ ِﻦ َأ ِﰊ َ ْﴎ ٍح‪َ ،‬ﻋـﻦ َأ ِﰊ َﺳـ ِﻌﻴﺪ َﻋـ َﲆ َﺣـ ِﺪﻳ ِﺚ ‪:‬‬ ‫َﺧ َﺮ َج َر ُﺳﻮ ُل ا ِﷲ َﺻ ﱠﲆ اﷲُ َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴ ِﻪ َو َﺳ ﱠﻠ َﻢ َﻳ ْﻮ ِم)‪َ (9‬أ ْﺿ ًﺤﻰ َأ ْو ﻓِ ْﻄ ٍﺮ إِ َﱃ ا ُﳌ َﺼـ ﱠﲆ)‪ُ ،(10‬ﺛـ ﱠﻢ ا ْﻧ َ َﴫـ َف َﻓـ َﻮ َﻋ َﻆ اﻟ ﱠﻨـﺎ َس‪(11)...‬‬ ‫ا َْﳊ ِﺪﻳﺚ‪َ ،‬وﻓِﻴ ِﻪ ‪َ \" :‬ﻳﺎ َﻣ ْﻌ َ َﴩ)‪ (12‬اﻟﻨﱢ َﺴﺎ ِء َﺗ َﺼ ﱠﺪ ْﻗ َﻦ\"‪َ .‬ر َوا ُه اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨﺎ ِر ﱡي ِﰲ ا ْﻟ ِﻌﻴ َﺪﻳ ِﻦ ﺑِ ُﻄﻮﻟِ ِﻪ)‪.(14)(13‬‬ ‫)‪ِ (1‬ﰲ )ب( \"ﺗﻔﺼﻠﻪ\"‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (2‬ﻛﻠﻤﺔ \"ﺑﲔ\" ﺳﺎﻗﻄﺔ ﻣﻦ )ب( وﻣﻜﺎﳖﺎ ﺑﻴﺎض ﺑﻤﻘﺪارﻫﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ِ (3‬ﰲ اﻟﻨﺴﺨﺘﲔ \"ﻟﺸﺪﻳﺪ\" و ِﰲ ُ ْﲢ َﻔ ِﺔ ا ْﻷَ ْ َﴍا ِف ﻛ َﺬ ِﻟ َﻚ‪ ،‬وﻫﻲ ِﰲ َﺻ ِﺤﻴﺢ اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨﺎ ِر ّي \"ﺷﺪﻳﺪ\"‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (4‬ﻫﻮ اﳌﺪﻳﻨﻲ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (5‬ﺻﺤﻴ ُﺢ اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨﺎ ِر ّي ‪ (63) ،(802/2) :‬ﻛِ َﺘﺎ ُب َﻣ َﻨﺎ ِﻗ ِﺐ اﻷﻧ َﺼﺎ ِر‪َ (45) ،‬ﺑﺎ ُب ِﻫ ْﺠ َﺮ ِة اﻟﻨﱠﺒِ ّﻲ َﺻ ﱠﲆ اﷲُ َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴ ِﻪ َو َﺳ ﱠﻠ َﻢ َو َأ ْﺻـ َﺤﺎﺑ ِﻪ إِ َﱃ‬ ‫ا َْﳌ ِﺪﻳﻨَﺔ‪.(3923) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ْ ُ (6‬ﲢ َﻔ ُﺔ ا ْ َﻷ ْ َﴍا ِف‪.(401/3) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ (7‬ﺻﺤﻴ ُﺢ اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨﺎ ِر ّي ‪.(1452) ،(293/1) :‬‬ ‫)‪ (8‬وﻫﻲ ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ِﰲ اﻟﻨﱡ ْﺴ َﺨ ِﺔ اﳌﻄﺒﻮﻋﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫َو َﻗﺎ َل اﺑ ُﻦ َﺣ َﺠﺮ ‪\" :‬ﺗﻌﻘﺒﻪ ﻣﻐﻠﻄﺎي ﺑﺄﳖﺎ ِﰲ اﳊﺞ ﻻ ِﰲ اﳍﺠﺮة\"‪ ،‬ووﳘﻪ‪ ،‬و ُﻫﻮ ﻛ َﺬ ِﻟ َﻚ‪ُ ،‬ﺛ ﱠﻢ َﻗﺎ َل ‪ :‬وإﻧ َﲈ ﻫﻲ ِﰲ اﻟﺰﻛﺎة\"‪.‬‬ ‫ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪ :‬اﻟﻨﻜ ُﺖ اﻟﻈﺮاف‪.(401/3) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ (9‬رواﻳﺔ اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨﺎ ِر ّي ﻻ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﻓِﻴﻬﺎ ﻳﻮم اﻟﺘﺄﻛﺪ‪ ،‬وإﻧ َﲈ \" ِﰲ أﺿﺤﻰ\"‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ِ (10‬ﰲ اﻟﻨﺴﺨﺘﲔ \"ﻓﺼﲆ ﺛﻢ\"‪ ،‬وﻻ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ إِ َﱃ اﳌﺼﲆ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ِ (11‬ﰲ )ب( ِز َﻳﺎ َدة ﻛﻠﻤﺔ \" َﻫ َﺬا\"‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ِ (12‬ﰲ )ب( \"ﻣﻌﺎﴍ\"‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (13‬ﺻﺤﻴ ُﺢ اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨﺎ ِر ّي ‪َ (6) ،(191/1) :‬ﺑﺎ ُب ا ُْﳋ ُﺮو ِج إِ َﱃ اﳌُ َﺼ ﱠﲆ ﺑِ َﻐ ْ ِﲑ ِﻣﻨْ َ ٍﱪ‪.(956) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ (14‬ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪ْ ُ :‬ﲢ َﻔ َﺔ ا ْ َﻷ ْ َﴍا ِف‪.(438/3) ،‬‬ ‫‪289‬‬